test-suite/tests/elisp-compiler.test

   1 ;;;; elisp-compiler.test --- Test the compiler for Elisp.  -*- scheme -*-
   2 ;;;;
   3 ;;;; Copyright (C) 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   4 ;;;; Daniel Kraft
   5 ;;;;
   6 ;;;; This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   7 ;;;; modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   8 ;;;; License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   9 ;;;; version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  10 ;;;;
  11 ;;;; This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  12 ;;;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13 ;;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  14 ;;;; Lesser General Public License for more details.
  15 ;;;;
  16 ;;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  17 ;;;; License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  18 ;;;; Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
  19
  20 (define-module (test-elisp-compiler)
  21   :use-module (test-suite lib)
  22   :use-module (system base compile)
  23   :use-module (language elisp runtime))
  24
  25
  26 ; Macros to handle the compilation conveniently.
  27
  28 (define-syntax compile-test
  29   (syntax-rules (pass-if pass-if-equal pass-if-exception)
  30     ((_ (pass-if test-name exp))
  31      (pass-if test-name (compile 'exp #:from 'elisp #:to 'value)))
  32     ((_ (pass-if test-name exp #:opts opts))
  33      (pass-if test-name (compile 'exp #:from 'elisp #:to 'value #:opts opts)))
  34     ((_ (pass-if-equal test-name result exp))
  35      (pass-if test-name (equal? result
  36                                 (compile 'exp #:from 'elisp #:to 'value))))
  37     ((_ (pass-if-exception test-name exc exp))
  38      (pass-if-exception test-name exc
  39                         (compile 'exp #:from 'elisp #:to 'value)))))
  40
  41 (define-syntax with-test-prefix/compile
  42   (syntax-rules ()
  43     ((_ section-name exp ...)
  44      (with-test-prefix section-name (compile-test exp) ...))))
  45
  46
  47 ; Test control structures.
  48 ; ========================
  49
  50 (with-test-prefix/compile "Sequencing"
  51
  52   (pass-if-equal "progn" 1
  53     (progn (setq a 0)
  54            (setq a (1+ a))
  55            a))
  56
  57   (pass-if-equal "empty progn" #nil
  58     (progn))
  59
  60   (pass-if "prog1"
  61     (progn (setq a 0)
  62            (setq b (prog1 a (setq a (1+ a))))
  63            (and (= a 1) (= b 0))))
  64
  65   (pass-if "prog2"
  66     (progn (setq a 0)
  67            (setq b (prog2 (setq a (1+ a))
  68                           (setq a (1+ a))
  69                           (setq a (1+ a))))
  70            (and (= a 3) (= b 2)))))
  71
  72 (with-test-prefix/compile "Conditionals"
  73
  74   (pass-if-equal "succeeding if" 1
  75     (if t 1 2))
  76   (pass-if "failing if"
  77     (and (= (if nil
  78               1
  79               (setq a 2) (setq a (1+ a)) a)
  80             3)
  81          (equal (if nil 1) nil)))
  82
  83   (pass-if-equal "if with no else" #nil
  84     (if nil t))
  85
  86   (pass-if-equal "empty cond" nil-value
  87     (cond))
  88   (pass-if-equal "all failing cond" nil-value
  89     (cond (nil) (nil)))
  90   (pass-if-equal "only condition" 5
  91     (cond (nil) (5)))
  92   (pass-if-equal "succeeding cond value" 42
  93     (cond (nil) (t 42) (t 0)))
  94   (pass-if-equal "succeeding cond side-effect" 42
  95     (progn (setq a 0)
  96            (cond (nil) (t (setq a 42) 1) (t (setq a 0)))
  97            a)))
  98
  99 (with-test-prefix/compile "Combining Conditions"
 100
 101   (pass-if-equal "empty and" t-value (and))
 102   (pass-if-equal "failing and" nil-value (and 1 2 nil 3))
 103   (pass-if-equal "succeeding and" 3 (and 1 2 3))
 104
 105   (pass-if-equal "empty or" nil-value (or))
 106   (pass-if-equal "failing or" nil-value (or nil nil nil))
 107   (pass-if-equal "succeeding or" 1 (or nil 1 nil 2 nil 3))
 108
 109   (pass-if-equal "not true" nil-value (not 1))
 110   (pass-if-equal "not false" t-value (not nil)))
 111
 112 (with-test-prefix/compile "Iteration"
 113
 114   (pass-if-equal "failing while" 0
 115     (progn (setq a 0)
 116            (while nil (setq a 1))
 117            a))
 118   (pass-if-equal "running while" 120
 119     (progn (setq prod 1
 120                  i 1)
 121            (while (<= i 5)
 122              (setq prod (* i prod))
 123              (setq i (1+ i)))
 124            prod)))
 125
 126 (with-test-prefix/compile "Exceptions"
 127
 128   (pass-if "catch without exception"
 129     (and (setq a 0)
 130          (= (catch 'foobar
 131                    (setq a (1+ a))
 132                    (setq a (1+ a))
 133                    a)
 134             2)
 135          (= (catch (+ 1 2) a) 2)))
 136
 137   ; FIXME: Figure out how to do this...
 138   ;(pass-if-exception "uncaught exception" 'elisp-exception
 139   ;  (throw 'abc 1))
 140
 141   (pass-if "catch and throw"
 142     (and (setq mylist '(1 2))
 143          (= (catch 'abc (throw 'abc 2) 1) 2)
 144          (= (catch 'abc (catch 'def (throw 'abc (1+ 0)) 2) 3) 1)
 145          (= (catch 'abc (catch 'def (throw 'def 1) 2) 3) 3)
 146          (= (catch mylist (catch (list 1 2) (throw mylist 1) 2) 3) 1)))
 147
 148   (pass-if "unwind-protect"
 149     (progn (setq a 0 b 1 c 1)
 150            (catch 'exc
 151                   (unwind-protect (progn (setq a 1)
 152                                          (throw 'exc 0))
 153                                   (setq a 0)
 154                                   (setq b 0)))
 155            (unwind-protect nil (setq c 0))
 156            (and (= a 0) (= b 0) (= c 0)
 157                 (= (unwind-protect 42 1 2 3) 42)))))
 158
 159 (with-test-prefix/compile "Eval"
 160
 161   (pass-if-equal "basic eval" 3
 162     (progn (setq code '(+ 1 2))
 163            (eval code)))
 164
 165   (pass-if "real dynamic code"
 166     (and (setq a 1 b 1 c 1)
 167          (defun set-code (var val)
 168            (list 'setq var val))
 169          (= a 1) (= b 1) (= c 1)
 170          (eval (set-code 'a '(+ 2 3)))
 171          (eval (set-code 'c 42))
 172          (= a 5) (= b 1) (= c 42)))
 173
 174   ; Build code that recursively again and again calls eval.  What we want is
 175   ; something like:
 176   ; (eval '(1+ (eval '(1+ (eval 1)))))
 177   (pass-if "recursive eval"
 178     (progn (setq depth 10 i depth)
 179            (setq code '(eval 0))
 180            (while (not (zerop i))
 181              (setq code (#{`}# (eval (quote (1+ (#{,}# code))))))
 182              (setq i (1- i)))
 183            (= (eval code) depth))))
 184
 185
 186 ; Test handling of variables.
 187 ; ===========================
 188
 189 (with-test-prefix/compile "Variable Setting/Referencing"
 190
 191   ; TODO: Check for variable-void error
 192
 193   (pass-if-equal "setq and reference" 6
 194     (progn (setq a 1 b 2 c 3)
 195            (+ a b c)))
 196   (pass-if-equal "setq evaluation order" 1
 197     (progn (setq a 0 b 0)
 198            (setq a 1 b a)))
 199   (pass-if-equal "setq value" 2
 200     (progn (setq a 1 b 2)))
 201
 202   (pass-if "set and symbol-value"
 203     (progn (setq myvar 'a)
 204            (and (= (set myvar 42) 42)
 205                 (= a 42)
 206                 (= (symbol-value myvar) 42))))
 207   (pass-if "void variables"
 208     (progn (setq a 1 b 2)
 209            (and (eq (makunbound 'b) 'b)
 210                 (boundp 'a)
 211                 (not (boundp 'b))))))
 212
 213 (with-test-prefix/compile "Let and Let*"
 214
 215   (pass-if-equal "let without value" nil-value
 216     (let (a (b 5)) a))
 217   (pass-if-equal "basic let" 0
 218     (progn (setq a 0)
 219            (let ((a 1)
 220                  (b a))
 221              b)))
 222
 223   (pass-if-equal "empty let" #nil (let ()))
 224
 225   (pass-if "let*"
 226     (progn (setq a 0)
 227            (and (let* ((a 1)
 228                        (b a))
 229                   (= b 1))
 230                 (let* (a b)
 231                   (setq a 1 b 2)
 232                   (and (= a 1) (= b 2)))
 233                 (= a 0)
 234                 (not (boundp 'b)))))
 235
 236   (pass-if-equal "empty let*" #nil
 237     (let* ()))
 238
 239   (pass-if "local scope"
 240     (progn (setq a 0)
 241            (setq b (let (a)
 242                      (setq a 1)
 243                      a))
 244            (and (= a 0)
 245                 (= b 1)))))
 246
 247 (with-test-prefix/compile "Lexical Scoping"
 248
 249   (pass-if "basic let semantics"
 250     (and (setq a 1)
 251          (lexical-let ((a 2) (b a))
 252            (and (= a 2) (= b 1)))
 253          (lexical-let* ((a 2) (b a))
 254            (and (= a 2) (= b 2) (setq a 42) (= a 42)))
 255          (= a 1)))
 256
 257   (pass-if "lexical scope with lexical-let's"
 258     (and (setq a 1)
 259          (defun dyna () a)
 260          (lexical-let (a)
 261            (setq a 2)
 262            (and (= a 2) (= (dyna) 1)))
 263          (= a 1)
 264          (lexical-let* (a)
 265            (setq a 2)
 266            (and (= a 2) (= (dyna) 1)))
 267          (= a 1)))
 268
 269   (pass-if "lexical scoping vs. symbol-value / set"
 270     (and (setq a 1)
 271          (lexical-let ((a 2))
 272            (and (= a 2)
 273                 (= (symbol-value 'a) 1)
 274                 (set 'a 3)
 275                 (= a 2)
 276                 (= (symbol-value 'a) 3)))
 277          (= a 3)))
 278
 279   (pass-if "let inside lexical-let"
 280     (and (setq a 1 b 1)
 281          (defun dynvals () (cons a b))
 282          (lexical-let ((a 2))
 283            (and (= a 2) (equal (dynvals) '(1 . 1))
 284                 (let ((a 3) (b a))
 285                   (and (= a 3) (= b 2)
 286                        (equal (dynvals) '(1 . 2))))
 287                 (let* ((a 4) (b a))
 288                   (and (= a 4) (= b 4)
 289                        (equal (dynvals) '(1 . 4))))
 290                 (= a 2)))
 291          (= a 1)))
 292
 293   (pass-if "lambda args inside lexical-let"
 294     (and (setq a 1)
 295          (defun dyna () a)
 296          (lexical-let ((a 2) (b 42))
 297            (and (= a 2) (= (dyna) 1)
 298                 ((lambda (a) (and (= a 3) (= b 42) (= (dyna) 1))) 3)
 299                 ((lambda () (let ((a 3))
 300                               (and (= a 3) (= (dyna) 1)))))
 301                 (= a 2) (= (dyna) 1)))
 302          (= a 1)))
 303
 304   (pass-if "closures"
 305     (and (defun make-counter ()
 306            (lexical-let ((cnt 0))
 307              (lambda ()
 308                (setq cnt (1+ cnt)))))
 309          (setq c1 (make-counter) c2 (make-counter))
 310          (= (funcall c1) 1)
 311          (= (funcall c1) 2)
 312          (= (funcall c1) 3)
 313          (= (funcall c2) 1)
 314          (= (funcall c2) 2)
 315          (= (funcall c1) 4)
 316          (= (funcall c2) 3)))
 317
 318   (pass-if "lexical lambda args"
 319     (progn (setq a 1 b 1)
 320            (defun dyna () a)
 321            (defun dynb () b)
 322            (lexical-let (a c)
 323              ((lambda (a b &optional c)
 324                 (and (= a 3) (= (dyna) 1)
 325                      (= b 2) (= (dynb) 2)
 326                      (= c 1)))
 327               3 2 1))))
 328
 329   ; Check if a lambda without dynamically bound arguments
 330   ; is tail-optimized by doing a deep recursion that would otherwise overflow
 331   ; the stack.
 332   (pass-if "lexical lambda tail-recursion"
 333     (lexical-let (i)
 334       (setq to 1000000)
 335       (defun iteration-1 (i)
 336         (if (< i to)
 337           (iteration-1 (1+ i))))
 338       (iteration-1 0)
 339       (setq x 0)
 340       (defun iteration-2 ()
 341         (if (< x to)
 342           (setq x (1+ x))
 343           (iteration-2)))
 344       (iteration-2)
 345       t)))
 346
 347
 348 (with-test-prefix/compile "defconst and defvar"
 349
 350   (pass-if-equal "defconst without docstring" 3.141
 351     (progn (setq pi 3)
 352            (defconst pi 3.141)
 353            pi))
 354   (pass-if-equal "defconst value" 'pi
 355     (defconst pi 3.141 "Pi"))
 356
 357   (pass-if-equal "defvar without value" 42
 358     (progn (setq a 42)
 359            (defvar a)
 360            a))
 361   (pass-if-equal "defvar on already defined variable" 42
 362     (progn (setq a 42)
 363            (defvar a 1 "Some docstring is also ok")
 364            a))
 365   (pass-if-equal "defvar on undefined variable" 1
 366     (progn (makunbound 'a)
 367            (defvar a 1)
 368            a))
 369   (pass-if-equal "defvar value" 'a
 370     (defvar a)))
 371
 372
 373 ; Functions and lambda expressions.
 374 ; =================================
 375
 376 (with-test-prefix/compile "Lambda Expressions"
 377
 378   (pass-if-equal "required arguments" 3
 379     ((lambda (a b c) c) 1 2 3))
 380
 381   (pass-if-equal "optional argument" 3
 382     ((function (lambda (a &optional b c) c)) 1 2 3))
 383   (pass-if-equal "optional missing" nil-value
 384     ((lambda (&optional a) a)))
 385
 386   (pass-if-equal "rest argument" '(3 4 5)
 387     ((lambda (a b &rest c) c) 1 2 3 4 5))
 388   (pass-if-equal "rest missing" nil-value
 389     ((lambda (a b &rest c) c) 1 2))
 390
 391   (pass-if-equal "empty lambda" #nil
 392     ((lambda ()))))
 393
 394 (with-test-prefix/compile "Function Definitions"
 395
 396   (pass-if-equal "defun" 3
 397     (progn (defun test (a b) (+ a b))
 398            (test 1 2)))
 399   (pass-if-equal "defun value" 'test
 400     (defun test (a b) (+ a b)))
 401
 402   (pass-if "fset and symbol-function"
 403     (progn (setq myfunc 'x x 5)
 404            (and (= (fset myfunc 42) 42)
 405                 (= (symbol-function myfunc) 42)
 406                 (= x 5))))
 407   (pass-if "void function values"
 408     (progn (setq a 1)
 409            (defun test (a b) (+ a b))
 410            (fmakunbound 'a)
 411            (fset 'b 5)
 412            (and (fboundp 'b) (fboundp 'test)
 413                 (not (fboundp 'a))
 414                 (= a 1))))
 415
 416   (pass-if "flet and flet*"
 417     (progn (defun foobar () 42)
 418            (defun test () (foobar))
 419            (and (= (test) 42)
 420                 (flet ((foobar (lambda () 0))
 421                        (myfoo (symbol-function 'foobar)))
 422                   (and (= (myfoo) 42)
 423                        (= (test) 42)))
 424                 (flet* ((foobar (lambda () 0))
 425                         (myfoo (symbol-function 'foobar)))
 426                   (= (myfoo) 42))
 427                 (flet (foobar)
 428                   (defun foobar () 0)
 429                   (= (test) 42))
 430                 (= (test) 42)))))
 431
 432 (with-test-prefix/compile "Calling Functions"
 433
 434   (pass-if-equal "recursion" 120
 435     (progn (defun factorial (n prod)
 436              (if (zerop n)
 437                prod
 438                (factorial (1- n) (* prod n))))
 439            (factorial 5 1)))
 440
 441   (pass-if "dynamic scoping"
 442     (progn (setq a 0)
 443            (defun foo ()
 444              (setq a (1+ a))
 445              a)
 446            (defun bar (a)
 447              (foo))
 448            (and (= 43 (bar 42))
 449                 (zerop a))))
 450
 451   (pass-if "funcall and apply argument handling"
 452     (and (defun allid (&rest args) args)
 453          (setq allid-var (symbol-function 'allid))
 454          (equal (funcall allid-var 1 2 3) '(1 2 3))
 455          (equal (funcall allid-var) nil)
 456          (equal (funcall allid-var 1 2 '(3 4)) '(1 2 (3 4)))
 457          (equal (funcall allid-var '()) '(()))
 458          (equal (apply allid-var 1 2 '(3 4)) '(1 2 3 4))
 459          (equal (apply allid-var '(1 2)) '(1 2))
 460          (equal (apply allid-var '()) nil)))
 461
 462   (pass-if "raw functions with funcall"
 463     (and (= (funcall '+ 1 2) 3)
 464          (= (funcall (lambda (a b) (+ a b)) 1 2) 3)
 465          (= (funcall '(lambda (a b) (+ a b)) 1 2) 3))))
 466
 467
 468 ; Quoting and Backquotation.
 469 ; ==========================
 470
 471 (with-test-prefix/compile "Quotation"
 472
 473   (pass-if "quote"
 474     (and (equal '42 42) (equal '"abc" "abc")
 475          (equal '(1 2 (3 (4) x)) '(1 2 (3 (4) x)))
 476          (not (equal '(1 2 (3 4 (x))) '(1 2 3 4 x)))
 477          (equal '(1 2 . 3) '(1 2 . 3))))
 478
 479   (pass-if "simple backquote"
 480     (and (equal (#{`}# 42) 42)
 481          (equal (#{`}# (1 (a))) '(1 (a)))
 482          (equal (#{`}# (1 . 2)) '(1 . 2))))
 483   (pass-if "unquote"
 484     (progn (setq a 42 l '(18 12))
 485            (and (equal (#{`}# (#{,}# a)) 42)
 486                 (equal (#{`}# (1 a ((#{,}# l)) . (#{,}# a))) '(1 a ((18 12)) . 42)))))
 487   (pass-if "unquote splicing"
 488     (progn (setq l '(18 12) empty '())
 489            (and (equal (#{`}# (#{,@}# l)) '(18 12))
 490                 (equal (#{`}# (l 2 (3 (#{,@}# l)) ((#{,@}# l)) (#{,@}# l)))
 491                        '(l 2 (3 18 12) (18 12) 18 12))
 492                 (equal (#{`}# (1 2 (#{,@}# empty) 3)) '(1 2 3))))))
 493
 494
 495
 496 ; Macros.
 497 ; =======
 498
 499 (with-test-prefix/compile "Macros"
 500
 501   (pass-if-equal "defmacro value" 'magic-number
 502     (defmacro magic-number () 42))
 503
 504   (pass-if-equal "macro expansion" 1
 505     (progn (defmacro take-first (a b) a)
 506            (take-first 1 (/ 1 0)))))
 507
 508
 509 ; Test the built-ins.
 510 ; ===================
 511
 512 (with-test-prefix/compile "Equivalence Predicates"
 513
 514   (pass-if "equal"
 515     (and (equal 2 2) (not (equal 1 2))
 516          (equal "abc" "abc") (not (equal "abc" "ABC"))
 517          (equal 'abc 'abc) (not (equal 'abc 'def))
 518          (equal '(1 2 (3 4) 5) '(1 2 (3 4) 5))
 519          (not (equal '(1 2 3 4 5) '(1 2 (3 4) 5)))))
 520
 521   (pass-if "eq"
 522     (progn (setq some-list '(1 2))
 523            (setq some-string "abc")
 524            (and (eq 2 2) (not (eq 1 2))
 525                 (eq 'abc 'abc) (not (eq 'abc 'def))
 526                 (eq some-string some-string) (not (eq some-string (string 97 98 99)))
 527                 (eq some-list some-list) (not (eq some-list (list 1 2)))))))
 528
 529 (with-test-prefix/compile "Number Built-Ins"
 530
 531   (pass-if "floatp"
 532     (and (floatp 1.0) (not (floatp 1)) (not (floatp 'a))))
 533   (pass-if "integerp"
 534     (and (integerp 42) (integerp -2) (not (integerp 1.0))))
 535   (pass-if "numberp"
 536     (and (numberp 1.0) (numberp -2) (not (numberp 'a))))
 537   (pass-if "wholenump"
 538     (and (wholenump 0) (not (wholenump -2)) (not (wholenump 1.0))))
 539   (pass-if "zerop"
 540     (and (zerop 0) (zerop 0.0) (not (zerop 1))))
 541
 542   (pass-if "comparisons"
 543     (and (= 1 1.0) (/= 0 1)
 544          (< 1 2) (> 2 1) (>= 1 1) (<= 1 1)
 545          (not (< 1 1)) (not (<= 2 1))))
 546
 547   (pass-if "max and min"
 548     (and (= (max -5 2 4.0 1) 4.0) (= (min -5 2 4.0 1) -5)
 549          (= (max 1) 1) (= (min 1) 1)))
 550   (pass-if "abs"
 551     (and (= (abs 1.0) 1.0) (= (abs -5) 5)))
 552
 553   (pass-if "float"
 554     (and (= (float 1) 1) (= (float 5.5) 5.5)
 555          (floatp (float 1))))
 556
 557   (pass-if-equal "basic arithmetic operators" -8.5
 558     (+ (1+ 0) (1- 0) (- 5.5) (* 2 -2) (- 2 1)))
 559   (pass-if "modulo"
 560     (= (% 5 3) 2))
 561
 562   (pass-if "floating point rounding"
 563     (and (= (ffloor 1.7) 1.0) (= (ffloor -1.2) -2.0) (= (ffloor 1.0) 1.0)
 564          (= (fceiling 1.2) 2.0) (= (fceiling -1.7) -1.0) (= (fceiling 1.0) 1.0)
 565          (= (ftruncate 1.6) 1.0) (= (ftruncate -1.7) -1.0)
 566          (= (fround 1.2) 1.0) (= (fround 1.7) 2.0) (= (fround -1.7) -2.0))))
 567
 568 (with-test-prefix/compile "List Built-Ins"
 569
 570   (pass-if "consp and atom"
 571     (and (consp '(1 2 3)) (consp '(1 2 . 3)) (consp '(a . b))
 572          (not (consp '())) (not (consp 1)) (not (consp "abc"))
 573          (atom 'a) (atom '()) (atom -1.5) (atom "abc")
 574          (not (atom '(1 . 2))) (not (atom '(1)))))
 575   (pass-if "listp and nlistp"
 576     (and (listp '(1 2 3)) (listp '(1)) (listp '()) (listp '(1 . 2))
 577          (not (listp 'a)) (not (listp 42)) (nlistp 42)
 578          (not (nlistp '())) (not (nlistp '(1 2 3))) (not (nlistp '(1 . 2)))))
 579   (pass-if "null"
 580     (and (null '()) (not (null 1)) (not (null '(1 2))) (not (null '(1 . 2)))))
 581
 582   (pass-if "car and cdr"
 583     (and (equal (car '(1 2 3)) 1) (equal (cdr '(1 2 3)) '(2 3))
 584          (equal (car '()) nil) (equal (cdr '()) nil)
 585          (equal (car '(1 . 2)) 1) (equal (cdr '(1 . 2)) 2)
 586          (null (cdr '(1)))))
 587   (pass-if "car-safe and cdr-safe"
 588     (and (equal (car-safe '(1 2)) 1) (equal (cdr-safe '(1 2)) '(2))
 589          (equal (car-safe 5) nil) (equal (cdr-safe 5) nil)))
 590
 591   (pass-if "nth and nthcdr"
 592     (and (equal (nth -5 '(1 2 3)) 1) (equal (nth 3 '(1 2 3)) nil)
 593          (equal (nth 0 '(1 2 3)) 1) (equal (nth 2 '(1 2 3)) 3)
 594          (equal (nthcdr -5 '(1 2 3)) '(1 2 3))
 595          (equal (nthcdr 4 '(1 2 3)) nil)
 596          (equal (nthcdr 1 '(1 2 3)) '(2 3))
 597          (equal (nthcdr 2 '(1 2 3)) '(3))))
 598
 599   (pass-if "length"
 600     (and (= (length '()) 0)
 601          (= (length '(1 2 3 4 5)) 5)
 602          (= (length '(1 2 (3 4 (5)) 6)) 4)))
 603
 604   (pass-if "cons, list and make-list"
 605     (and (equal (cons 1 2) '(1 . 2)) (equal (cons 1 '(2 3)) '(1 2 3))
 606          (equal (cons 1 '()) '(1))
 607          (equal (list 'a) '(a)) (equal (list) '()) (equal (list 1 2) '(1 2))
 608          (equal (make-list 3 42) '(42 42 42))
 609          (equal (make-list 0 1) '())))
 610   (pass-if "append"
 611     (and (equal (append '(1 2) '(3 4) '(5)) '(1 2 3 4 5))
 612          (equal (append '(1 2) 3) '(1 2 . 3))))
 613   (pass-if "reverse"
 614     (and (equal (reverse '(5 4 3 2 1)) '(1 2 3 4 5))
 615          (equal (reverse '()) '())))
 616   (pass-if "setcar and setcdr"
 617     (progn (setq pair '(1 . 2))
 618            (setq copy pair)
 619            (setq a (setcar copy 3))
 620            (setq b (setcdr copy 4))
 621            (and (= a 3) (= b 4)
 622                 (equal pair '(3 . 4))))))