Merge remote branch 'origin/stable-2.0'

[bpt/guile.git] / libguile / print.c

/* Copyright (C) 1995-1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008,
 *   2009, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of
 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 * 02110-1301 USA
 */


\f
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif

#include <errno.h>
#include <iconv.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include <uniconv.h>
#include <unictype.h>

#include "libguile/_scm.h"
#include "libguile/chars.h"
#include "libguile/continuations.h"
#include "libguile/smob.h"
#include "libguile/control.h"
#include "libguile/eval.h"
#include "libguile/macros.h"
#include "libguile/procprop.h"
#include "libguile/read.h"
#include "libguile/weaks.h"
#include "libguile/programs.h"
#include "libguile/alist.h"
#include "libguile/struct.h"
#include "libguile/ports.h"
#include "libguile/root.h"
#include "libguile/strings.h"
#include "libguile/strports.h"
#include "libguile/vectors.h"
#include "libguile/numbers.h"
#include "libguile/vm.h"

#include "libguile/validate.h"
#include "libguile/print.h"

#include "libguile/private-options.h"

\f

/* Character printers.  */

static size_t display_string (const void *, int, size_t, SCM,
                              scm_t_string_failed_conversion_handler);

static int display_character (scm_t_wchar, SCM,
                              scm_t_string_failed_conversion_handler);

static void write_character (scm_t_wchar, SCM, int);

static void write_character_escaped (scm_t_wchar, int, SCM);

\f

/* {Names of immediate symbols}
 * 
 * This table must agree with the declarations in scm.h: {Immediate Symbols}.
 */

/* This table must agree with the list of flags in tags.h.  */
static const char *iflagnames[] =
{
  "#f",
  "#nil",  /* Elisp nil value. Should print from elisp as symbol `nil'. */
  "#<XXX UNUSED LISP FALSE -- DO NOT USE -- SHOULD NEVER BE SEEN XXX>",
  "()",
  "#t",
  "#<XXX UNUSED BOOLEAN 0 -- DO NOT USE -- SHOULD NEVER BE SEEN XXX>",
  "#<XXX UNUSED BOOLEAN 1 -- DO NOT USE -- SHOULD NEVER BE SEEN XXX>",
  "#<XXX UNUSED BOOLEAN 2 -- DO NOT USE -- SHOULD NEVER BE SEEN XXX>",
  "#<unspecified>",
  "#<undefined>",
  "#<eof>",

  /* Unbound slot marker for GOOPS.  For internal use in GOOPS only.  */
  "#<unbound>",
};

SCM_SYMBOL (sym_reader, "reader");

scm_t_option scm_print_opts[] = {
  { SCM_OPTION_SCM, "highlight-prefix", (scm_t_bits)SCM_BOOL_F,
    "The string to print before highlighted values." },
  { SCM_OPTION_SCM, "highlight-suffix", (scm_t_bits)SCM_BOOL_F,
    "The string to print after highlighted values." },
  { SCM_OPTION_SCM, "quote-keywordish-symbols", (scm_t_bits)SCM_BOOL_F,
    "How to print symbols that have a colon as their first or last character. "
    "The value '#f' does not quote the colons; '#t' quotes them; "
    "'reader' quotes them when the reader option 'keywords' is not '#f'." 
  },
  { 0 },
};

SCM_DEFINE (scm_print_options, "print-options-interface", 0, 1, 0, 
            (SCM setting),
            "Option interface for the print options. Instead of using\n"
            "this procedure directly, use the procedures\n"
            "@code{print-enable}, @code{print-disable}, @code{print-set!}\n"
            "and @code{print-options}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_print_options
{
  SCM ans = scm_options (setting,
                         scm_print_opts,
                         FUNC_NAME);
  return ans;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

\f
/* {Printing of Scheme Objects}
 */

/* Detection of circular references.
 *
 * Due to other constraints in the implementation, this code has bad
 * time complexity (O (depth * N)), The printer code can be
 * rewritten to be O(N).
 */
#define PUSH_REF(pstate, obj)                   \
do                                              \
{                                               \
  PSTATE_STACK_SET (pstate, pstate->top, obj);  \
  pstate->top++;                                \
  if (pstate->top == pstate->ceiling)           \
    grow_ref_stack (pstate);                    \
} while(0)

#define ENTER_NESTED_DATA(pstate, obj, label)                   \
do                                                              \
{                                                               \
  register unsigned long i;                                     \
  for (i = 0; i < pstate->top; ++i)                             \
    if (scm_is_eq (PSTATE_STACK_REF (pstate, i), (obj)))        \
      goto label;                                               \
  if (pstate->fancyp)                                           \
    {                                                           \
      if (pstate->top - pstate->list_offset >= pstate->level)   \
        {                                                       \
          scm_putc ('#', port);                                 \
          return;                                               \
        }                                                       \
    }                                                           \
  PUSH_REF(pstate, obj);                                        \
} while(0)

#define EXIT_NESTED_DATA(pstate)                                \
do                                                              \
{                                                               \
  --pstate->top;                                                \
  PSTATE_STACK_SET (pstate, pstate->top, SCM_UNDEFINED);        \
}                                                               \
while (0)

SCM scm_print_state_vtable = SCM_BOOL_F;
static SCM print_state_pool = SCM_EOL;
scm_i_pthread_mutex_t print_state_mutex = SCM_I_PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

#ifdef GUILE_DEBUG /* Used for debugging purposes */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_current_pstate, "current-pstate", 0, 0, 0, 
           (),
            "Return the current-pstate -- the car of the\n"
            "@code{print_state_pool}.  @code{current-pstate} is only\n"
            "included in @code{--enable-guile-debug} builds.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_current_pstate
{
  if (!scm_is_null (print_state_pool))
    return SCM_CAR (print_state_pool);
  else
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#endif

#define PSTATE_SIZE 50L

static SCM
make_print_state (void)
{
  SCM print_state
    = scm_make_struct (scm_print_state_vtable, SCM_INUM0, SCM_EOL);
  scm_print_state *pstate = SCM_PRINT_STATE (print_state);
  pstate->ref_vect = scm_c_make_vector (PSTATE_SIZE, SCM_UNDEFINED);
  pstate->ceiling = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (pstate->ref_vect);
  pstate->highlight_objects = SCM_EOL;
  return print_state;
}

SCM
scm_make_print_state ()
{
  SCM answer = SCM_BOOL_F;

  /* First try to allocate a print state from the pool */
  scm_i_pthread_mutex_lock (&print_state_mutex);
  if (!scm_is_null (print_state_pool))
    {
      answer = SCM_CAR (print_state_pool);
      print_state_pool = SCM_CDR (print_state_pool);
    }
  scm_i_pthread_mutex_unlock (&print_state_mutex);
  
  return scm_is_false (answer) ? make_print_state () : answer;
}

void
scm_free_print_state (SCM print_state)
{
  SCM handle;
  scm_print_state *pstate = SCM_PRINT_STATE (print_state);
  /* Cleanup before returning print state to pool.
   * It is better to do it here.  Doing it in scm_prin1
   * would cost more since that function is called much more
   * often.
   */
  pstate->fancyp = 0;
  pstate->revealed = 0;
  pstate->highlight_objects = SCM_EOL;
  scm_i_pthread_mutex_lock (&print_state_mutex);
  handle = scm_cons (print_state, print_state_pool);
  print_state_pool = handle;
  scm_i_pthread_mutex_unlock (&print_state_mutex);
}

SCM
scm_i_port_with_print_state (SCM port, SCM print_state)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (print_state))
    {
      if (SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_P (port))
        return port;
      else
        print_state = scm_make_print_state ();
      /* port does not need to be coerced since it doesn't have ps */
    }
  else
    port = SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (port);
  SCM_RETURN_NEWSMOB (scm_tc16_port_with_ps,
                      SCM_UNPACK (scm_cons (port, print_state)));
}

static void
grow_ref_stack (scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  SCM old_vect = pstate->ref_vect;
  size_t old_size = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (old_vect);
  size_t new_size = 2 * pstate->ceiling;
  SCM new_vect = scm_c_make_vector (new_size, SCM_UNDEFINED);
  unsigned long int i;

  for (i = 0; i != old_size; ++i)
    SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET (new_vect, i, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (old_vect, i));

  pstate->ref_vect = new_vect;
  pstate->ceiling = new_size;
}

#define PSTATE_STACK_REF(p,i)   SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF((p)->ref_vect, (i))
#define PSTATE_STACK_SET(p,i,v) SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET((p)->ref_vect, (i), (v))

static void
print_circref (SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate, SCM ref)
{
  register long i;
  long self = pstate->top - 1;
  i = pstate->top - 1;
  if (scm_is_pair (PSTATE_STACK_REF (pstate, i)))
    {
      while (i > 0)
        {
          if (!scm_is_pair (PSTATE_STACK_REF (pstate, i-1))
              || !scm_is_eq (SCM_CDR (PSTATE_STACK_REF (pstate, i-1)), 
                             SCM_CDR (PSTATE_STACK_REF (pstate, i))))
            break;
          --i;
        }
      self = i;
    }
  for (i = pstate->top - 1; 1; --i)
    if (scm_is_eq (PSTATE_STACK_REF(pstate, i), ref))
      break;
  scm_putc ('#', port);
  scm_intprint (i - self, 10, port);
  scm_putc ('#', port);
}

/* Print the name of a symbol. */

static int
quote_keywordish_symbols (void)
{
  SCM option = SCM_PRINT_KEYWORD_STYLE;

  if (scm_is_false (option))
    return 0;
  if (scm_is_eq (option, sym_reader))
    return scm_is_true (SCM_PACK (SCM_KEYWORD_STYLE));
  return 1;
}

#define INITIAL_IDENTIFIER_MASK                                      \
  (UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Lu | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Ll | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Lt   \
   | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Lm | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Lo | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Mn \
   | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Nl | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_No | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Pd \
   | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Pc | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Po | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Sc \
   | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Sm | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Sk | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_So \
   | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Co)

#define SUBSEQUENT_IDENTIFIER_MASK                                      \
  (INITIAL_IDENTIFIER_MASK                                              \
   | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Nd | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Mc | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Me)

static int
symbol_has_extended_read_syntax (SCM sym)
{
  size_t pos, len = scm_i_symbol_length (sym);
  scm_t_wchar c;

  /* The empty symbol.  */
  if (len == 0)
    return 1;

  c = scm_i_symbol_ref (sym, 0);

  /* Single dot; conflicts with dotted-pair notation.  */
  if (len == 1 && c == '.')
    return 1;

  /* Other initial-character constraints.  */
  if (c == '\'' || c == '`' || c == ',' || c == '"' || c == ';' || c == '#')
    return 1;
  
  /* Keywords can be identified by trailing colons too.  */
  if (c == ':' || scm_i_symbol_ref (sym, len - 1) == ':')
    return quote_keywordish_symbols ();
  
  /* Number-ish symbols.  */
  if (scm_is_true (scm_i_string_to_number (scm_symbol_to_string (sym), 10)))
    return 1;
  
  /* Other disallowed first characters.  */
  if (!uc_is_general_category_withtable (c, INITIAL_IDENTIFIER_MASK))
    return 1;

  /* Otherwise, any character that's in the identifier category mask is
     fine to pass through as-is, provided it's not one of the ASCII
     delimiters like `;'.  */
  for (pos = 1; pos < len; pos++)
    {
      c = scm_i_symbol_ref (sym, pos);
      if (!uc_is_general_category_withtable (c, SUBSEQUENT_IDENTIFIER_MASK))
        return 1;
      else if (c == '"' || c == ';' || c == '#')
        return 1;
    }

  return 0;
}

static void
print_normal_symbol (SCM sym, SCM port)
{
  scm_display (scm_symbol_to_string (sym), port);
}

static void
print_extended_symbol (SCM sym, SCM port)
{
  size_t pos, len;
  scm_t_string_failed_conversion_handler strategy;

  len = scm_i_symbol_length (sym);
  strategy = scm_i_get_conversion_strategy (port);

  scm_lfwrite ("#{", 2, port);

  for (pos = 0; pos < len; pos++)
    {
      scm_t_wchar c = scm_i_symbol_ref (sym, pos);
      
      if (uc_is_general_category_withtable (c,
                                            SUBSEQUENT_IDENTIFIER_MASK
                                            | UC_CATEGORY_MASK_Zs))
        {
          if (!display_character (c, port, strategy))
            scm_encoding_error ("print_extended_symbol", errno,
                                "cannot convert to output locale",
                                port, SCM_MAKE_CHAR (c));
        }
      else
        {
          display_string ("\\x", 1, 2, port, iconveh_question_mark);
          scm_intprint (c, 16, port);
          display_character (';', port, iconveh_question_mark);
        }
    }

  scm_lfwrite ("}#", 2, port);
}

/* FIXME: allow R6RS hex escapes instead of #{...}#.  */
void
scm_i_print_symbol_name (SCM sym, SCM port)
{
  if (symbol_has_extended_read_syntax (sym))
    print_extended_symbol (sym, port);
  else
    print_normal_symbol (sym, port);
}

void
scm_print_symbol_name (const char *str, size_t len, SCM port)
{
  SCM symbol = scm_from_locale_symboln (str, len);
  scm_i_print_symbol_name (symbol, port);
}

/* Print generally.  Handles both write and display according to PSTATE.
 */
SCM_GPROC(s_write, "write", 1, 1, 0, scm_write, g_write);
SCM_GPROC(s_display, "display", 1, 1, 0, scm_display, g_display);

static void iprin1 (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate);


/* Print a character as an octal or hex escape.  */
#define PRINT_CHAR_ESCAPE(i, port)              \
  do                                            \
    {                                           \
      if (!SCM_R6RS_ESCAPES_P)                  \
        scm_intprint (i, 8, port);              \
      else                                      \
        {                                       \
          scm_puts ("x", port);                 \
          scm_intprint (i, 16, port);           \
        }                                       \
    }                                           \
  while (0)

  
void 
scm_iprin1 (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  if (pstate->fancyp
      && scm_is_true (scm_memq (exp, pstate->highlight_objects)))
    {
      scm_display (SCM_PRINT_HIGHLIGHT_PREFIX, port);
      iprin1 (exp, port, pstate);
      scm_display (SCM_PRINT_HIGHLIGHT_SUFFIX, port);
    }
  else
    iprin1 (exp, port, pstate);
}

static void
iprin1 (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  switch (SCM_ITAG3 (exp))
    {
    case scm_tc3_tc7_1:
    case scm_tc3_tc7_2:
      /* These tc3 tags should never occur in an immediate value.  They are
       * only used in cell types of non-immediates, i. e. the value returned
       * by SCM_CELL_TYPE (exp) can use these tags.
       */
      scm_ipruk ("immediate", exp, port);
      break;
    case scm_tc3_int_1:
    case scm_tc3_int_2:
      scm_intprint (SCM_I_INUM (exp), 10, port);
      break;
    case scm_tc3_imm24:
      if (SCM_CHARP (exp))
        {
          if (SCM_WRITINGP (pstate))
            write_character (SCM_CHAR (exp), port, 0);
          else
            {
              if (!display_character (SCM_CHAR (exp), port,
                                      scm_i_get_conversion_strategy (port)))
                scm_encoding_error (__func__, errno,
                                    "cannot convert to output locale",
                                    port, exp);
            }
        }
      else if (SCM_IFLAGP (exp)
               && ((size_t) SCM_IFLAGNUM (exp) < (sizeof iflagnames / sizeof (char *))))
        {
          scm_puts (iflagnames [SCM_IFLAGNUM (exp)], port);
        }
      else
        {
          /* unknown immediate value */
          scm_ipruk ("immediate", exp, port);
        }
      break;
    case scm_tc3_cons:
      switch (SCM_TYP7 (exp))
        {
        case scm_tcs_struct:
          {
            ENTER_NESTED_DATA (pstate, exp, circref);
            if (SCM_OBJ_CLASS_FLAGS (exp) & SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS)
              {
                SCM pwps, print = pstate->writingp ? g_write : g_display;
                if (!print)
                  goto print_struct;
                pwps = scm_i_port_with_print_state (port, pstate->handle);
                pstate->revealed = 1;
                scm_call_generic_2 (print, exp, pwps);
              }
            else
              {
              print_struct:
                scm_print_struct (exp, port, pstate);
              }
            EXIT_NESTED_DATA (pstate);
          }
          break;
        case scm_tcs_cons_imcar:
        case scm_tcs_cons_nimcar:
          ENTER_NESTED_DATA (pstate, exp, circref);
          scm_iprlist ("(", exp, ')', port, pstate);
          EXIT_NESTED_DATA (pstate);
          break;
        circref:
          print_circref (port, pstate, exp);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_number:
          switch SCM_TYP16 (exp) {
          case scm_tc16_big:
            scm_bigprint (exp, port, pstate);
            break;
          case scm_tc16_real:
            scm_print_real (exp, port, pstate);
            break;
          case scm_tc16_complex:
            scm_print_complex (exp, port, pstate);
            break;
          case scm_tc16_fraction:
            scm_i_print_fraction (exp, port, pstate);
            break;
          }
          break;
        case scm_tc7_string:
          if (SCM_WRITINGP (pstate))
            {
              size_t len, i;

              display_character ('"', port, iconveh_question_mark);
              len = scm_i_string_length (exp);
              for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
                write_character (scm_i_string_ref (exp, i), port, 1);

              display_character ('"', port, iconveh_question_mark);
              scm_remember_upto_here_1 (exp);
            }
          else
            {
              size_t len, printed;

              len = scm_i_string_length (exp);
              printed = display_string (scm_i_string_data (exp),
                                        scm_i_is_narrow_string (exp),
                                        len, port,
                                        scm_i_get_conversion_strategy (port));
              if (SCM_UNLIKELY (printed < len))
                scm_encoding_error (__func__, errno,
                                    "cannot convert to output locale",
                                    port, scm_c_string_ref (exp, printed));
            }

          scm_remember_upto_here_1 (exp);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_symbol:
          if (scm_i_symbol_is_interned (exp))
            {
              scm_i_print_symbol_name (exp, port);
              scm_remember_upto_here_1 (exp);
            }
          else
            {
              scm_puts ("#<uninterned-symbol ", port);
              scm_i_print_symbol_name (exp, port);
              scm_putc (' ', port);
              scm_uintprint (SCM_UNPACK (exp), 16, port);
              scm_putc ('>', port);
            }
          break;
        case scm_tc7_variable:
          scm_i_variable_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_program:
          scm_i_program_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_pointer:
          scm_i_pointer_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_hashtable:
          scm_i_hashtable_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_fluid:
          scm_i_fluid_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_dynamic_state:
          scm_i_dynamic_state_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_frame:
          scm_i_frame_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_objcode:
          scm_i_objcode_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_vm:
          scm_i_vm_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_vm_cont:
          scm_i_vm_cont_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_prompt:
          scm_i_prompt_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_with_fluids:
          scm_i_with_fluids_print (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_wvect:
          ENTER_NESTED_DATA (pstate, exp, circref);
          if (SCM_IS_WHVEC (exp))
            scm_puts ("#wh(", port);
          else
            scm_puts ("#w(", port);
          goto common_vector_printer;

        case scm_tc7_bytevector:
          scm_i_print_bytevector (exp, port, pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_vector:
          ENTER_NESTED_DATA (pstate, exp, circref);
          scm_puts ("#(", port);
        common_vector_printer:
          {
            register long i;
            long last = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (exp) - 1;
            int cutp = 0;
            if (pstate->fancyp
                && SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (exp) > pstate->length)
              {
                last = pstate->length - 1;
                cutp = 1;
              }
            if (SCM_I_WVECTP (exp))
              {
                /* Elements of weak vectors may not be accessed via the
                   `SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF ()' macro.  */
                for (i = 0; i < last; ++i)
                  {
                    scm_iprin1 (scm_c_vector_ref (exp, i),
                                port, pstate);
                    scm_putc (' ', port);
                  }
              }
            else
              {
                for (i = 0; i < last; ++i)
                  {
                    scm_iprin1 (SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (exp, i), port, pstate);
                    scm_putc (' ', port);
                  }
              }

            if (i == last)
              {
                /* CHECK_INTS; */
                scm_iprin1 (scm_c_vector_ref (exp, i), port, pstate);
              }
            if (cutp)
              scm_puts (" ...", port);
            scm_putc (')', port);
          }
          EXIT_NESTED_DATA (pstate);
          break;
        case scm_tc7_port:
          {
            register long i = SCM_PTOBNUM (exp);
            if (i < scm_numptob
                && scm_ptobs[i].print
                && (scm_ptobs[i].print) (exp, port, pstate))
              break;
            goto punk;
          }
        case scm_tc7_smob:
          ENTER_NESTED_DATA (pstate, exp, circref);
          SCM_SMOB_DESCRIPTOR (exp).print (exp, port, pstate);
          EXIT_NESTED_DATA (pstate);
          break;
        default:
          /* case scm_tcs_closures: */
        punk:
          scm_ipruk ("type", exp, port);
        }
    }
}

/* Print states are necessary for circular reference safe printing.
 * They are also expensive to allocate.  Therefore print states are
 * kept in a pool so that they can be reused.
 */

/* The PORT argument can also be a print-state/port pair, which will
 * then be used instead of allocating a new print state.  This is
 * useful for continuing a chain of print calls from Scheme.  */

void 
scm_prin1 (SCM exp, SCM port, int writingp)
{
  SCM handle = SCM_BOOL_F; /* Will GC protect the handle whilst unlinked */
  SCM pstate_scm;
  scm_print_state *pstate;
  int old_writingp;

  /* If PORT is a print-state/port pair, use that.  Else create a new
     print-state. */

  if (SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_P (port))
    {
      pstate_scm = SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PS (port);
      port = SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PORT (port);
    }
  else
    {
      /* First try to allocate a print state from the pool */
      scm_i_pthread_mutex_lock (&print_state_mutex);
      if (!scm_is_null (print_state_pool))
        {
          handle = print_state_pool;
          print_state_pool = SCM_CDR (print_state_pool);
        }
      scm_i_pthread_mutex_unlock (&print_state_mutex);
      if (scm_is_false (handle))
        handle = scm_list_1 (make_print_state ());
      pstate_scm = SCM_CAR (handle);
    }

  pstate = SCM_PRINT_STATE (pstate_scm);
  old_writingp = pstate->writingp;
  pstate->writingp = writingp;
  scm_iprin1 (exp, port, pstate);
  pstate->writingp = old_writingp;

  /* Return print state to pool if it has been created above and
     hasn't escaped to Scheme. */

  if (scm_is_true (handle) && !pstate->revealed)
    {
      scm_i_pthread_mutex_lock (&print_state_mutex);
      SCM_SETCDR (handle, print_state_pool);
      print_state_pool = handle;
      scm_i_pthread_mutex_unlock (&print_state_mutex);
    }
}

/* Convert codepoint CH to UTF-8 and store the result in UTF8.  Return
   the number of bytes of the UTF-8-encoded string.  */
static size_t
codepoint_to_utf8 (scm_t_wchar ch, scm_t_uint8 utf8[4])
{
  size_t len;
  scm_t_uint32 codepoint;

  codepoint = (scm_t_uint32) ch;

  if (codepoint <= 0x7f)
    {
      len = 1;
      utf8[0] = (scm_t_uint8) codepoint;
    }
  else if (codepoint <= 0x7ffUL)
    {
      len = 2;
      utf8[0] = 0xc0 | (codepoint >> 6);
      utf8[1] = 0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3f);
    }
  else if (codepoint <= 0xffffUL)
    {
      len = 3;
      utf8[0] = 0xe0 | (codepoint >> 12);
      utf8[1] = 0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3f);
      utf8[2] = 0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3f);
    }
  else
    {
      len = 4;
      utf8[0] = 0xf0 | (codepoint >> 18);
      utf8[1] = 0x80 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3f);
      utf8[2] = 0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3f);
      utf8[3] = 0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3f);
    }

  return len;
}

/* Display the LEN codepoints in STR to PORT according to STRATEGY;
   return the number of codepoints successfully displayed.  If NARROW_P,
   then STR is interpreted as a sequence of `char', denoting a Latin-1
   string; otherwise it's interpreted as a sequence of
   `scm_t_wchar'.  */
static size_t
display_string (const void *str, int narrow_p,
                size_t len, SCM port,
                scm_t_string_failed_conversion_handler strategy)

{
#define STR_REF(s, x)                           \
  (narrow_p                                     \
   ? (scm_t_wchar) ((unsigned char *) (s))[x]   \
   : ((scm_t_wchar *) (s))[x])

  size_t printed;
  scm_t_port *pt;

  pt = SCM_PTAB_ENTRY (port);

  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (pt->output_cd == (iconv_t) -1))
    /* Initialize the conversion descriptors.  */
    scm_i_set_port_encoding_x (port, pt->encoding);

  printed = 0;

  while (len > printed)
    {
      size_t done, utf8_len, input_left, output_left, i;
      size_t codepoints_read, output_len;
      char *input, *output;
      char utf8_buf[256], encoded_output[256];
      size_t offsets[256];

      /* Convert STR to UTF-8.  */
      for (i = printed, utf8_len = 0, input = utf8_buf;
           i < len && utf8_len + 4 < sizeof (utf8_buf);
           i++)
        {
          offsets[utf8_len] = i;
          utf8_len += codepoint_to_utf8 (STR_REF (str, i),
                                         (scm_t_uint8 *) input);
          input = utf8_buf + utf8_len;
        }

      input = utf8_buf;
      input_left = utf8_len;

      output = encoded_output;
      output_left = sizeof (encoded_output);

      done = iconv (pt->output_cd, &input, &input_left,
                    &output, &output_left);

      output_len = sizeof (encoded_output) - output_left;

      if (SCM_UNLIKELY (done == (size_t) -1))
        {
          int errno_save = errno;

          /* Reset the `iconv' state.  */
          iconv (pt->output_cd, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);

          /* Print the OUTPUT_LEN bytes successfully converted.  */
          scm_lfwrite (encoded_output, output_len, port);

          /* See how many input codepoints these OUTPUT_LEN bytes
             corresponds to.  */
          codepoints_read = offsets[input - utf8_buf] - printed;
          printed += codepoints_read;

          if (errno_save == EILSEQ &&
              strategy != SCM_FAILED_CONVERSION_ERROR)
            {
              /* Conversion failed somewhere in INPUT and we want to
                 escape or substitute the offending input character.  */

              if (strategy == SCM_FAILED_CONVERSION_ESCAPE_SEQUENCE)
                {
                  scm_t_wchar ch;

                  /* Find CH, the offending codepoint, and escape it.  */
                  ch = STR_REF (str, offsets[input - utf8_buf]);
                  write_character_escaped (ch, 1, port);
                }
              else
                /* STRATEGY is `SCM_FAILED_CONVERSION_QUESTION_MARK'.  */
                display_string ("?", 1, 1, port, strategy);

              printed++;
            }
          else
            /* Something bad happened that we can't handle: bail out.  */
            break;
        }
      else
        {
          /* INPUT was successfully converted, entirely; print the
             result.  */
          scm_lfwrite (encoded_output, output_len, port);
          codepoints_read = i - printed;
          printed += codepoints_read;
        }
    }

  return printed;
#undef STR_REF
}

/* Attempt to display CH to PORT according to STRATEGY.  Return non-zero
   if CH was successfully displayed, zero otherwise (e.g., if it was not
   representable in PORT's encoding.)  */
static int
display_character (scm_t_wchar ch, SCM port,
                   scm_t_string_failed_conversion_handler strategy)
{
  return display_string (&ch, 0, 1, port, strategy) == 1;
}

/* Attempt to pretty-print CH, a combining character, to PORT.  Return
   zero upon failure, non-zero otherwise.  The idea is to print CH above
   a dotted circle to make it more visible.  */
static int
write_combining_character (scm_t_wchar ch, SCM port)
{
  scm_t_wchar str[2];

  str[0] = SCM_CODEPOINT_DOTTED_CIRCLE;
  str[1] = ch;

  return display_string (str, 0, 2, port, iconveh_error) == 2;
}

/* Write CH to PORT in its escaped form, using the string escape syntax
   if STRING_ESCAPES_P is non-zero.  */
static void
write_character_escaped (scm_t_wchar ch, int string_escapes_p, SCM port)
{
  if (string_escapes_p)
    {
      /* Represent CH using the in-string escape syntax.  */

      static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
      static const char escapes[7] = "abtnvfr";
      char buf[9];

      if (ch >= 0x07 && ch <= 0x0D && ch != 0x0A)
        {
          /* Use special escapes for some C0 controls.  */
          buf[0] = '\\';
          buf[1] = escapes[ch - 0x07];
          scm_lfwrite (buf, 2, port);
        }
      else if (!SCM_R6RS_ESCAPES_P)
        {
          if (ch <= 0xFF)
            {
              buf[0] = '\\';
              buf[1] = 'x';
              buf[2] = hex[ch / 16];
              buf[3] = hex[ch % 16];
              scm_lfwrite (buf, 4, port);
            }
          else if (ch <= 0xFFFF)
            {
              buf[0] = '\\';
              buf[1] = 'u';
              buf[2] = hex[(ch & 0xF000) >> 12];
              buf[3] = hex[(ch & 0xF00) >> 8];
              buf[4] = hex[(ch & 0xF0) >> 4];
              buf[5] = hex[(ch & 0xF)];
              scm_lfwrite (buf, 6, port);
            }
          else if (ch > 0xFFFF)
            {
              buf[0] = '\\';
              buf[1] = 'U';
              buf[2] = hex[(ch & 0xF00000) >> 20];
              buf[3] = hex[(ch & 0xF0000) >> 16];
              buf[4] = hex[(ch & 0xF000) >> 12];
              buf[5] = hex[(ch & 0xF00) >> 8];
              buf[6] = hex[(ch & 0xF0) >> 4];
              buf[7] = hex[(ch & 0xF)];
              scm_lfwrite (buf, 8, port);
            }
        }
      else
        {
          /* Print an R6RS variable-length hex escape: "\xNNNN;".  */
          scm_t_wchar ch2 = ch;

          int i = 8;
          buf[i] = ';';
          i --;
          if (ch == 0)
            buf[i--] = '0';
          else
            while (ch2 > 0)
              {
                buf[i] = hex[ch2 & 0xF];
                ch2 >>= 4;
                i --;
              }
          buf[i] = 'x';
          i --;
          buf[i] = '\\';
          scm_lfwrite (buf + i, 9 - i, port);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      /* Represent CH using the character escape syntax.  */
      const char *name;

      name = scm_i_charname (SCM_MAKE_CHAR (ch));
      if (name != NULL)
        scm_puts (name, port);
      else
        PRINT_CHAR_ESCAPE (ch, port);
    }
}

/* Write CH to PORT, escaping it if it's non-graphic or not
   representable in PORT's encoding.  If STRING_ESCAPES_P is true and CH
   needs to be escaped, it is escaped using the in-string escape syntax;
   otherwise the character escape syntax is used.  */
static void
write_character (scm_t_wchar ch, SCM port, int string_escapes_p)
{
  int printed = 0;
  scm_t_string_failed_conversion_handler strategy;

  strategy = scm_i_get_conversion_strategy (port);

  if (string_escapes_p)
    {
      /* Check if CH deserves special treatment.  */
      if (ch == '"' || ch == '\\')
        {
          display_character ('\\', port, iconveh_question_mark);
          display_character (ch, port, strategy);
          printed = 1;
        }
      else if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\n')
        {
          display_character (ch, port, strategy);
          printed = 1;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      display_string ("#\\", 1, 2, port, iconveh_question_mark);

      if (uc_combining_class (ch) != UC_CCC_NR)
        /* Character is a combining character, so attempt to
           pretty-print it.  */
        printed = write_combining_character (ch, port);
    }

  if (!printed
      && uc_is_general_category_withtable (ch,
                                           UC_CATEGORY_MASK_L |
                                           UC_CATEGORY_MASK_M |
                                           UC_CATEGORY_MASK_N |
                                           UC_CATEGORY_MASK_P |
                                           UC_CATEGORY_MASK_S))
    /* CH is graphic; attempt to display it.  */
    printed = display_character (ch, port, iconveh_error);

  if (!printed)
    /* CH isn't graphic or cannot be represented in PORT's encoding.  */
    write_character_escaped (ch, string_escapes_p, port);
}

/* Print an integer.
 */

void 
scm_intprint (scm_t_intmax n, int radix, SCM port)
{
  char num_buf[SCM_INTBUFLEN];
  scm_lfwrite (num_buf, scm_iint2str (n, radix, num_buf), port);
}

void 
scm_uintprint (scm_t_uintmax n, int radix, SCM port)
{
  char num_buf[SCM_INTBUFLEN];
  scm_lfwrite (num_buf, scm_iuint2str (n, radix, num_buf), port);
}

/* Print an object of unrecognized type.
 */

void 
scm_ipruk (char *hdr, SCM ptr, SCM port)
{
  scm_puts ("#<unknown-", port);
  scm_puts (hdr, port);
  if (1) /* (scm_in_heap_p (ptr)) */ /* FIXME */
    {
      scm_puts (" (0x", port);
      scm_uintprint (SCM_CELL_WORD_0 (ptr), 16, port);
      scm_puts (" . 0x", port);
      scm_uintprint (SCM_CELL_WORD_1 (ptr), 16, port);
      scm_puts (") @", port);
    }
  scm_puts (" 0x", port);
  scm_uintprint (SCM_UNPACK (ptr), 16, port);
  scm_putc ('>', port);
}


/* Print a list.
 */
void 
scm_iprlist (char *hdr, SCM exp, int tlr, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  register SCM hare, tortoise;
  long floor = pstate->top - 2;
  scm_puts (hdr, port);
  /* CHECK_INTS; */
  if (pstate->fancyp)
    goto fancy_printing;
  
  /* Run a hare and tortoise so that total time complexity will be
     O(depth * N) instead of O(N^2). */
  hare = SCM_CDR (exp);
  tortoise = exp;
  while (scm_is_pair (hare))
    {
      if (scm_is_eq (hare, tortoise))
        goto fancy_printing;
      hare = SCM_CDR (hare);
      if (!scm_is_pair (hare))
        break;
      hare = SCM_CDR (hare);
      tortoise = SCM_CDR (tortoise);
    }
  
  /* No cdr cycles intrinsic to this list */
  scm_iprin1 (SCM_CAR (exp), port, pstate);
  for (exp = SCM_CDR (exp); scm_is_pair (exp); exp = SCM_CDR (exp))
    {
      register long i;

      for (i = floor; i >= 0; --i)
        if (scm_is_eq (PSTATE_STACK_REF(pstate, i), exp))
          goto circref;
      PUSH_REF (pstate, exp);
      scm_putc (' ', port);
      /* CHECK_INTS; */
      scm_iprin1 (SCM_CAR (exp), port, pstate);
    }
  if (!SCM_NULL_OR_NIL_P (exp))
    {
      scm_puts (" . ", port);
      scm_iprin1 (exp, port, pstate);
    }

end:
  scm_putc (tlr, port);
  pstate->top = floor + 2;
  return;
  
fancy_printing:
  {
    long n = pstate->length;
    
    scm_iprin1 (SCM_CAR (exp), port, pstate);
    exp = SCM_CDR (exp); --n;
    for (; scm_is_pair (exp); exp = SCM_CDR (exp))
      {
        register unsigned long i;

        for (i = 0; i < pstate->top; ++i)
          if (scm_is_eq (PSTATE_STACK_REF(pstate, i), exp))
            goto fancy_circref;
        if (pstate->fancyp)
          {
            if (n == 0)
              {
                scm_puts (" ...", port);
                goto skip_tail;
              }
            else
              --n;
          }
        PUSH_REF(pstate, exp);
        ++pstate->list_offset;
        scm_putc (' ', port);
        /* CHECK_INTS; */
        scm_iprin1 (SCM_CAR (exp), port, pstate);
      }
  }
  if (!SCM_NULL_OR_NIL_P (exp))
    {
      scm_puts (" . ", port);
      scm_iprin1 (exp, port, pstate);
    }
skip_tail:
  pstate->list_offset -= pstate->top - floor - 2;
  goto end;

fancy_circref:
  pstate->list_offset -= pstate->top - floor - 2;
  
circref:
  scm_puts (" . ", port);
  print_circref (port, pstate, exp);
  goto end;
}

\f

int
scm_valid_oport_value_p (SCM val)
{
  return (SCM_OPOUTPORTP (val)
          || (SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_P (val)
              && SCM_OPOUTPORTP (SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PORT (val))));
}

/* SCM_GPROC(s_write, "write", 1, 1, 0, scm_write, g_write); */

SCM 
scm_write (SCM obj, SCM port)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (port))
    port = scm_current_output_port ();

  SCM_ASSERT (scm_valid_oport_value_p (port), port, SCM_ARG2, s_write);

  scm_prin1 (obj, port, 1);
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}


/* SCM_GPROC(s_display, "display", 1, 1, 0, scm_display, g_display); */

SCM 
scm_display (SCM obj, SCM port)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (port))
    port = scm_current_output_port ();

  SCM_ASSERT (scm_valid_oport_value_p (port), port, SCM_ARG2, s_display);

  scm_prin1 (obj, port, 0);
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}


SCM_DEFINE (scm_simple_format, "simple-format", 2, 0, 1,
            (SCM destination, SCM message, SCM args),
            "Write @var{message} to @var{destination}, defaulting to\n"
            "the current output port.\n"
            "@var{message} can contain @code{~A} (was @code{%s}) and\n"
            "@code{~S} (was @code{%S}) escapes.  When printed,\n"
            "the escapes are replaced with corresponding members of\n"
            "@var{ARGS}:\n"
            "@code{~A} formats using @code{display} and @code{~S} formats\n"
            "using @code{write}.\n"
            "If @var{destination} is @code{#t}, then use the current output\n"
            "port, if @var{destination} is @code{#f}, then return a string\n"
            "containing the formatted text. Does not add a trailing newline.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_simple_format
{
  SCM port, answer = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
  int fReturnString = 0;
  int writingp;
  size_t start, p, end;

  if (scm_is_eq (destination, SCM_BOOL_T))
    {
      destination = port = scm_current_output_port ();
    }
  else if (scm_is_false (destination))
    {
      fReturnString = 1;
      port = scm_mkstrport (SCM_INUM0, SCM_BOOL_F,
                            SCM_OPN | SCM_WRTNG,
                            FUNC_NAME);
      destination = port;
    }
  else
    {
      SCM_VALIDATE_OPORT_VALUE (1, destination);
      port = SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (destination);
    }
  SCM_VALIDATE_STRING (2, message);
  SCM_VALIDATE_REST_ARGUMENT (args);

  p = 0;
  start = 0;
  end = scm_i_string_length (message);
  for (p = start; p != end; ++p)
    if (scm_i_string_ref (message, p) == '~')
      {
        if (++p == end)
          break;

        switch (scm_i_string_ref (message, p)) 
          {
          case 'A': case 'a':
            writingp = 0;
            break;
          case 'S': case 's':
            writingp = 1;
            break;
          case '~':
            scm_lfwrite_substr (message, start, p, port);
            start = p + 1;
            continue;
          case '%':
            scm_lfwrite_substr (message, start, p - 1, port);
            scm_newline (port);
            start = p + 1;
            continue;
          default:
            SCM_MISC_ERROR ("FORMAT: Unsupported format option ~~~A - use (ice-9 format) instead",
                            scm_list_1 (SCM_MAKE_CHAR (scm_i_string_ref (message, p))));
            
          }


        if (!scm_is_pair (args))
          SCM_MISC_ERROR ("FORMAT: Missing argument for ~~~A",
                          scm_list_1 (SCM_MAKE_CHAR (scm_i_string_ref (message, p))));
                                        
        scm_lfwrite_substr (message, start, p - 1, port);
        /* we pass destination here */
        scm_prin1 (SCM_CAR (args), destination, writingp);
        args = SCM_CDR (args);
        start = p + 1;
      }

  scm_lfwrite_substr (message, start, p, port);
  if (!scm_is_eq (args, SCM_EOL))
    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("FORMAT: ~A superfluous arguments",
                    scm_list_1 (scm_length (args)));

  if (fReturnString)
    answer = scm_strport_to_string (destination);

  return scm_return_first (answer, message);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_newline, "newline", 0, 1, 0, 
            (SCM port),
            "Send a newline to @var{port}.\n"
            "If @var{port} is omitted, send to the current output port.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_newline
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (port))
    port = scm_current_output_port ();

  SCM_VALIDATE_OPORT_VALUE (1, port);

  scm_putc ('\n', SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (port));
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_write_char, "write-char", 1, 1, 0,
            (SCM chr, SCM port),
            "Send character @var{chr} to @var{port}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_write_char
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (port))
    port = scm_current_output_port ();

  SCM_VALIDATE_CHAR (1, chr);
  SCM_VALIDATE_OPORT_VALUE (2, port);

  port = SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (port);
  if (!display_character (SCM_CHAR (chr), port,
                          scm_i_get_conversion_strategy (port)))
    scm_encoding_error (__func__, errno,
                        "cannot convert to output locale",
                        port, chr);

  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

\f

/* Call back to Scheme code to do the printing of special objects
 * (like structs).  SCM_PRINTER_APPLY applies PROC to EXP and a smob
 * containing PORT and PSTATE.  This object can be used as the port for
 * display/write etc to continue the current print chain.  The REVEALED
 * field of PSTATE is set to true to indicate that the print state has
 * escaped to Scheme and thus has to be freed by the GC.
 */

scm_t_bits scm_tc16_port_with_ps;

/* Print exactly as the port itself would */

static int
port_with_ps_print (SCM obj, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  obj = SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PORT (obj);
  return scm_ptobs[SCM_PTOBNUM (obj)].print (obj, port, pstate);
}

SCM
scm_printer_apply (SCM proc, SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  pstate->revealed = 1;
  return scm_call_2 (proc, exp,
                     scm_i_port_with_print_state (port, pstate->handle));
}

SCM_DEFINE (scm_port_with_print_state, "port-with-print-state", 1, 1, 0, 
            (SCM port, SCM pstate),
            "Create a new port which behaves like @var{port}, but with an\n"
            "included print state @var{pstate}.  @var{pstate} is optional.\n"
            "If @var{pstate} isn't supplied and @var{port} already has\n"
            "a print state, the old print state is reused.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_port_with_print_state
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_OPORT_VALUE (1, port);
  if (!SCM_UNBNDP (pstate))
    SCM_VALIDATE_PRINTSTATE (2, pstate);
  return scm_i_port_with_print_state (port, pstate);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_get_print_state, "get-print-state", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM port),
            "Return the print state of the port @var{port}. If @var{port}\n"
            "has no associated print state, @code{#f} is returned.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_get_print_state
{
  if (SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_P (port))
    return SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PS (port);
  if (SCM_OUTPUT_PORT_P (port))
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (1, port);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

\f

void
scm_init_print ()
{
  SCM vtable, layout, type;

  scm_init_opts (scm_print_options, scm_print_opts);

  scm_print_options (scm_list_4 (scm_from_latin1_symbol ("highlight-prefix"),
                                 scm_from_locale_string ("{"),
                                 scm_from_latin1_symbol ("highlight-suffix"),
                                 scm_from_locale_string ("}")));

  scm_gc_register_root (&print_state_pool);
  scm_gc_register_root (&scm_print_state_vtable);
  vtable = scm_make_vtable_vtable (scm_nullstr, SCM_INUM0, SCM_EOL);
  layout =
    scm_make_struct_layout (scm_from_locale_string (SCM_PRINT_STATE_LAYOUT));
  type = scm_make_struct (vtable, SCM_INUM0, scm_list_1 (layout));
  scm_set_struct_vtable_name_x (type, scm_from_latin1_symbol ("print-state"));
  scm_print_state_vtable = type;

  /* Don't want to bind a wrapper class in GOOPS, so pass 0 as arg1. */
  scm_tc16_port_with_ps = scm_make_smob_type (0, 0);
  scm_set_smob_print (scm_tc16_port_with_ps, port_with_ps_print);

#include "libguile/print.x"

  scm_print_opts[SCM_PRINT_KEYWORD_STYLE_I].val = SCM_UNPACK (sym_reader);
}

/*
  Local Variables:
  c-file-style: "gnu"
  End:
*/