lisp/language/ethio-util.el

   1 ;;; ethio-util.el --- utilities for Ethiopic -*- coding: iso-2022-7bit; -*-
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 1997, 2001 Electrotechnical Laboratory, JAPAN.
   4 ;; Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
   5
   6 ;; Keywords: mule, multilingual, Ethiopic
   7
   8 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
   9
  10 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  12 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  13 ;; any later version.
  14
  15 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  16 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  17 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  18 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  19
  20 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  21 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
  22 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  23 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  24
  25 ;; Author: TAKAHASHI Naoto <ntakahas@m17n.org>
  26
  27 ;;; Commentary:
  28
  29 ;;; Code:
  30
  31 ;; Information for exiting Ethiopic environment.
  32 (defvar exit-ethiopic-environment-data nil)
  33
  34 ;;;###autoload
  35 (defun setup-ethiopic-environment-internal ()
  36   (let ((key-bindings '((" " . ethio-insert-space)
  37                         ([?\S- ] . ethio-insert-ethio-space)
  38                         ([?\C-'] . ethio-gemination)
  39
  40                         ;; these old bindings conflict
  41                         ;; with Emacs' binding policy
  42
  43                         ;; ([f2] . ethio-toggle-space)
  44                         ;; ([S-f2] . ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
  45                         ;; ([f3] . ethio-toggle-punctuation)
  46                         ;; ([f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
  47                         ;; ([S-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
  48                         ;; ([C-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
  49                         ;; ([f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
  50                         ;; ([S-f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
  51                         ;; ([C-f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
  52                         ;; ([f6] . ethio-modify-vowel)
  53                         ;; ([f7] . ethio-replace-space)
  54                         ;; ([f8] . ethio-input-special-character)
  55
  56                         ;; this is the rewritten bindings
  57
  58                         ([f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
  59                         ([S-f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
  60                         ([C-f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
  61                         ([f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
  62                         ([S-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
  63                         ([C-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
  64                         ([S-f5] . ethio-toggle-punctuation)
  65                         ([S-f6] . ethio-modify-vowel)
  66                         ([S-f7] . ethio-replace-space)
  67                         ([S-f8] . ethio-input-special-character)
  68                         ([C-f9] . ethio-toggle-space)
  69                         ([S-f9] . ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
  70                         ))
  71         kb)
  72     (while key-bindings
  73       (setq kb (car (car key-bindings)))
  74       (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  75             (cons (cons kb (global-key-binding kb))
  76                   exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
  77       (global-set-key kb (cdr (car key-bindings)))
  78       (setq key-bindings (cdr key-bindings))))
  79
  80   (add-hook 'quail-activate-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
  81   (add-hook 'find-file-hooks 'ethio-find-file)
  82   (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'ethio-write-file)
  83   (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
  84
  85 (defun exit-ethiopic-environment ()
  86   "Exit Ethiopic language environment"
  87   (while exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  88     (global-set-key (car (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
  89                     (cdr (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
  90     (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  91           (cdr exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
  92
  93   (remove-hook 'quail-activate-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
  94   (remove-hook 'find-file-hooks 'ethio-find-file)
  95   (remove-hook 'write-file-hooks 'ethio-write-file)
  96   (remove-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
  97
  98 ;;
  99 ;; ETHIOPIC UTILITY FUNCTIONS
 100 ;;
 101
 102 ;; If the filename ends in ".sera", editing is done in fidel
 103 ;; but file I/O is done in SERA.
 104 ;;
 105 ;; If the filename ends in ".java", editing is done in fidel
 106 ;; but file I/O is done in the \uXXXX style, where XXXX is
 107 ;; the Unicode codepoint for the Ethiopic character.
 108 ;;
 109 ;; If the filename ends in ".tex", editing is done in fidel
 110 ;; but file I/O is done in EthioTeX format.
 111 ;;
 112 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when sending mail,
 113 ;;   (add-hook 'mail-send-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
 114 ;;
 115 ;; To automatically convert SERA format to Ethiopic when receiving mail,
 116 ;;   (add-hook 'rmail-show-message-hook 'ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail)
 117 ;;
 118 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when posting news,
 119 ;;   (add-hook 'news-inews-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
 120
 121 ;;
 122 ;; users' preference
 123 ;;
 124
 125 (defvar ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna
 126   "*Symbol that defines the primary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 127 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 128
 129 (defvar ethio-secondary-language 'english
 130   "*Symbol that defines the secondary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 131 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 132
 133 (defvar ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil
 134   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic colon.
 135 If nil, associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic word separator, i.e., two
 136 vertically stacked dots.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this
 137 variable.")
 138
 139 (defvar ethio-use-three-dot-question nil
 140   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic old style question mark (three vertically stacked dots).
 141 If nil, associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic stylised question
 142 mark.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this variable.")
 143
 144 (defvar ethio-quote-vowel-always nil
 145   "*Non-nil means always put an apostrophe before an isolated vowel (except at word initial) in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.
 146 If nil, put an apostrophe only between a sixth-form consonant and an
 147 isolated vowel.")
 148
 149 (defvar ethio-W-sixth-always nil
 150   "*Non-nil means convert the Wu-form of a 12-form consonant to \"W'\" instead of \"Wu\" in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.")
 151
 152 (defvar ethio-numeric-reduction 0
 153   "*Degree of reduction in converting Ethiopic digits into Arabic digits.
 154 Should be 0, 1 or 2.
 155 For example, ({10}{9}{100}{80}{7}) is converted into:
 156     `10`9`100`80`7  if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 0,
 157     `109100807      if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 1,
 158     `10900807       if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 2.")
 159
 160 (defvar ethio-implicit-period-conversion t
 161   "*Non-nil means replacing the Ethiopic dot at the end of an Ethiopic sentence
 162 with an Ethiopic full stop.")
 163
 164 (defvar ethio-java-save-lowercase nil
 165   "*Non-nil means save Ethiopic characters in lowercase hex numbers to Java files.
 166 If nil, use uppercases.")
 167
 168 ;;
 169 ;; SERA to FIDEL
 170 ;;
 171
 172 (defconst ethio-sera-to-fidel-table
 173   [
 174    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 175    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 176 ;;; SP
 177    (" "
 178     (?: (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 179         (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 180         (?- " \e$(3$m\e(B")
 181         (?: " \e$(3$i\e(B")
 182         (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B|" " \e$(3$h\e(B|")
 183             (?: " \e$(3$o\e(B"))))
 184
 185 ;;; !   "   #   $   %   &    '
 186    nil nil nil nil nil nil ("" (?' "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
 187 ;;; (   )   *   +    ,      -               .
 188    nil nil nil nil ("\e$(3$j\e(B") ("-" (?: "\e$(3$l\e(B")) ("\e$(3%u\e(B")
 189 ;;;  /   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
 190     nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 191 ;;; :
 192    ((if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 193     (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 194     (?- "\e$(3$m\e(B")
 195     (?: "\e$(3$i\e(B")
 196     (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B|" "\e$(3$h\e(B|")
 197         (?: "\e$(3$o\e(B")))
 198 ;;;  ;      <              =    >
 199    ("\e$(3$k\e(B") ("<" (?< "\e$(3%v\e(B")) nil (">" (?> "\e$(3%w\e(B"))
 200 ;;; ?
 201    ((if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3$n\e(B" "\e$(3%x\e(B"))
 202 ;;; @
 203     nil
 204 ;;; A
 205    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 206 ;;; B
 207    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 208          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 209 ;;; C
 210    ("\e$(3$4\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$/\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$0\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$1\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$2\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$3\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$5\e(B")
 211          (?W "\e$(3$6\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$6\e(B")
 212                   (?e "\e$(3$4%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$4%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$4%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$4%q\e(B")))
 213 ;;; D
 214    ("\e$(3#b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#]\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#^\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#_\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#`\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#a\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#c\e(B")
 215          (?W "\e$(3#d\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#d\e(B")
 216                   (?e "\e$(3#b%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#b%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#b%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#b%q\e(B")))
 217 ;;; E
 218    ("\e$(3"g\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#9\e(B"))
 219 ;;; F
 220    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 221          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 222          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 223 ;;; G
 224    ("\e$(3$$\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#}\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$!\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$"\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$#\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$%\e(B")
 225          (?W "\e$(3%c\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%c\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%S\e(B")))
 226 ;;; H
 227    ("\e$(3!6\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!2\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!3\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!4\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!5\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!7\e(B")
 228          (?W "\e$(3!8\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!8\e(B")
 229                   (?e "\e$(3!6%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!6%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!6%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!6%q\e(B")))
 230 ;;; I
 231    ("\e$(3"h\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#:\e(B"))
 232 ;;; J
 233    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 234          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 235                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 236 ;;; K
 237    ("\e$(3#"\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"{\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"|\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"}\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"~\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#!\e(B") (?o "\e$(3##\e(B")
 238          (?W "\e$(3#*\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#%\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#'\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#(\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#)\e(B")))
 239 ;;; L
 240    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 241          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 242                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 243 ;;; M
 244    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 245          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 246          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 247 ;;; N
 248    ("\e$(3"`\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"[\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"\\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"]\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"_\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"a\e(B")
 249          (?W "\e$(3"b\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"b\e(B")
 250                   (?e "\e$(3"`%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"`%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"`%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"`%q\e(B")))
 251 ;;; O
 252    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 253 ;;; P
 254    ("\e$(3$<\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$7\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$8\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$9\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$:\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$;\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$=\e(B")
 255          (?W "\e$(3$>\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$>\e(B")
 256                   (?e "\e$(3$<%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$<%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$<%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$<%q\e(B")))
 257 ;;; Q
 258    ("\e$(3!v\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!s\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!t\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!u\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!w\e(B")
 259          (?W "\e$(3!~\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!{\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!|\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!}\e(B")))
 260 ;;; R
 261    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 262          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 263                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 264          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 265 ;;; S
 266    ("\e$(3$D\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$?\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$@\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$B\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$C\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$E\e(B")
 267          (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 268                   (?e "\e$(3$D%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$D%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$D%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$D%q\e(B"))
 269          (?2 "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 270              (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 271              (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 272                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B"))))
 273 ;;; T
 274    ("\e$(3$,\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$'\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$(\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$)\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$+\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$-\e(B")
 275          (?W "\e$(3$.\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$.\e(B")
 276                   (?e "\e$(3$,%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$,%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$,%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$,%q\e(B")))
 277 ;;; U
 278    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 279 ;;; V
 280    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 281          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 282                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 283 ;;; W
 284    ("\e$(3%r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B"))
 285 ;;; X
 286    ("\e$(3%N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%O\e(B"))
 287 ;;; Y
 288    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 289          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 290                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 291 ;;; Z
 292    ("\e$(3#J\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#E\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#F\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#G\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#H\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#I\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#K\e(B")
 293          (?W "\e$(3#L\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#L\e(B")
 294                   (?e "\e$(3#J%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#J%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#J%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#J%q\e(B")))
 295 ;;; [   \   ]   ^   _
 296    nil nil nil nil nil
 297 ;;; `
 298    (""
 299     (?: "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 300     (?? (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3%x\e(B" "\e$(3$n\e(B"))
 301     (?! "\e$(3%t\e(B")
 302     (?e "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?U "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#7\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#8\e(B") (?A "\e$(3#8\e(B")
 303         (?E "\e$(3#9\e(B") (?I "\e$(3#:\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#;\e(B") (?O "\e$(3#;\e(B")
 304     (?g "\e$(3%^\e(B"
 305         (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B"))
 306     (?h "\e$(3"H\e(B"
 307         (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 308                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B")))
 309     (?k "\e$(3%>\e(B"
 310         (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B"))
 311     (?s "\e$(3!F\e(B"
 312         (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 313         (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 314                    (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B")))
 315     (?S "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 316         (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 317         (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 318                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B")))
 319     (?q "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 320 ;;; a
 321    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 322 ;;; b
 323    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 324          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 325 ;;; c
 326    ("\e$(3"@\e(B" (?e "\e$(3";\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"<\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"=\e(B") (?a "\e$(3">\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"?\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"A\e(B")
 327          (?W "\e$(3"B\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"B\e(B")
 328                   (?e "\e$(3"@%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"@%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"@%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"@%q\e(B")))
 329 ;;; d
 330    ("\e$(3#Z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#U\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#V\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#W\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#X\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Y\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#[\e(B")
 331          (?W "\e$(3#\\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#\\e(B")
 332                   (?e "\e$(3#Z%o\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#Z%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#Z%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Z%q\e(B")))
 333 ;;; e
 334    ("\e$(3"c\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"j\e(B"))
 335 ;;; f
 336    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 337          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 338          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 339 ;;; g
 340    ("\e$(3#r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#m\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#s\e(B")
 341          (?W "\e$(3#z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#u\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#w\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#x\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#y\e(B"))
 342          (?2 "\e$(3%^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B")))
 343 ;;; h
 344    ("\e$(3!&\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!!\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!"\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!#\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!$\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!%\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!'\e(B")
 345          (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))
 346          (?2 "\e$(3"H\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 347                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))))
 348 ;;; i
 349    ("\e$(3"e\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#7\e(B"))
 350 ;;; j
 351    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 352          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 353                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 354 ;;; k
 355    ("\e$(3"p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"k\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"l\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"m\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"n\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"o\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"q\e(B")
 356          (?W "\e$(3"x\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"s\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"x\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"u\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"v\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"w\e(B"))
 357          (?2 "\e$(3%>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B")))
 358 ;;; l
 359    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 360          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 361                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 362 ;;; m
 363    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 364          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 365          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 366 ;;; n
 367    ("\e$(3"X\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"S\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"T\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"U\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"W\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"Y\e(B")
 368          (?W "\e$(3"Z\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"Z\e(B")
 369                   (?e "\e$(3"X%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"X%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"X%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"X%q\e(B")))
 370 ;;; o
 371    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 372 ;;; p
 373    ("\e$(3$\\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$W\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$X\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Y\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$Z\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$[\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$]\e(B")
 374          (?W "\e$(3%e\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%e\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%U\e(B")))
 375 ;;; q
 376    ("\e$(3!f\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!a\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!c\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!d\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!e\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!g\e(B")
 377          (?W "\e$(3!n\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!i\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!k\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!l\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!m\e(B"))
 378          (?2 "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 379 ;;; r
 380    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 381          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 382                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 383          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 384 ;;; s
 385    ("\e$(3!V\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!R\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!S\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!T\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!U\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!W\e(B")
 386          (?W "\e$(3!X\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!X\e(B")
 387                   (?e "\e$(3!V%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!V%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!V%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!V%q\e(B"))
 388          (?2 "\e$(3!F\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 389                   (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 390                            (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B"))))
 391 ;;; t
 392    ("\e$(3"8\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"4\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"6\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"7\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"9\e(B")
 393          (?W "\e$(3":\e(B" (?a "\e$(3":\e(B")
 394                   (?e "\e$(3"8%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"8%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"8%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"8%q\e(B")))
 395 ;;; u
 396    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 397 ;;; v
 398    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 399          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 400                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 401 ;;; w
 402    ("\e$(3#2\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#-\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#.\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#/\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#0\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#1\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#3\e(B")
 403          (?W "\e$(3%p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B")))
 404 ;;; x
 405    ("\e$(3!^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3![\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!_\e(B")
 406          (?W "\e$(3!`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!`\e(B")
 407                   (?e "\e$(3!^%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!^%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!^%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!^%q\e(B")))
 408 ;;; y
 409    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 410          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 411                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 412 ;;; z
 413    ("\e$(3#B\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#=\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#>\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#?\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#A\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#C\e(B")
 414          (?W "\e$(3#D\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#D\e(B")
 415                   (?e "\e$(3#B%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#B%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#B%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#B%q\e(B")))
 416 ;;; {   |   }   ~  DEL
 417    nil nil nil nil nil
 418    ])
 419
 420 ;;;###autoload
 421 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (beg end &optional secondary force)
 422   "Convert the characters in region from SERA to FIDEL.
 423 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary language
 424 and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 425
 426 If the 3rd parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, assume the region
 427 begins begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 428 language.
 429
 430 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, perform conversion
 431 even if the buffer is read-only.
 432
 433 See also the descriptions of the variables
 434 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 435 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 436
 437   (interactive "r\nP")
 438   (save-restriction
 439     (narrow-to-region beg end)
 440     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer secondary force)))
 441
 442 ;;;###autoload
 443 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer (&optional secondary force)
 444   "Convert the current buffer from SERA to FIDEL.
 445
 446 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 447 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 448
 449 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, assume the buffer
 450 begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 451 language.
 452
 453 If the 2nd optional parametr FORCE is non-nil, perform conversion even if the
 454 buffer is read-only.
 455
 456 See also the descriptions of the variables
 457 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 458 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 459
 460   (interactive "P")
 461
 462   (if (and buffer-read-only
 463            (not force)
 464            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 465       (error ""))
 466
 467   (let ((ethio-primary-language ethio-primary-language)
 468         (ethio-secondary-language ethio-secondary-language)
 469         (ethio-use-colon-for-colon ethio-use-colon-for-colon)
 470         (ethio-use-three-dot-question ethio-use-three-dot-question)
 471         ;; The above four variables may be changed temporary
 472         ;; by tilde escapes during conversion.  So we bind them to other
 473         ;; variables but of the same names.
 474         (buffer-read-only nil)
 475         (case-fold-search nil)
 476         current-language
 477         next-language)
 478
 479     (setq current-language
 480           (if secondary
 481               ethio-secondary-language
 482             ethio-primary-language))
 483
 484     (goto-char (point-min))
 485
 486     (while (not (eobp))
 487       (setq next-language
 488             (cond
 489              ((eq current-language 'english)
 490               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))
 491              ((eq current-language 'amharic)
 492               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'amharic))
 493              ((eq current-language 'tigrigna)
 494               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'tigrigna))
 495              (t                         ; we don't know what to do
 496               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))))
 497
 498       (setq current-language
 499             (cond
 500
 501              ;; when language tag is explicitly specified
 502              ((not (eq next-language 'toggle))
 503               next-language)
 504
 505              ;; found a toggle in a primary language section
 506              ((eq current-language ethio-primary-language)
 507               ethio-secondary-language)
 508
 509              ;; found a toggle in a secondary, third, fourth, ...
 510              ;; language section
 511              (t
 512               ethio-primary-language))))
 513
 514     ;; If ethio-implicit-period-conversion is non-nil, the
 515     ;; Ethiopic dot "\e$(3%u\e(B" at the end of an Ethiopic sentence is
 516     ;; replaced with the Ethiopic full stop "\e$(3$i\e(B".
 517     (if ethio-implicit-period-conversion
 518         (progn
 519           (goto-char (point-min))
 520           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B\\([ \t]\\)"
 521                                     nil t)
 522             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B\\2"))
 523           (goto-char (point-min))
 524           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B$" nil t)
 525             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B"))))
 526
 527     ;; gemination
 528     (goto-char (point-min))
 529     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
 530       (compose-region
 531        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
 532        (point)))
 533     ))
 534
 535 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-english nil
 536   "Handle English section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 537 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 538 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol."
 539   (let ((new-language nil))
 540
 541     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 542       (cond
 543
 544        ;; if no more "\", nothing to do.
 545        ((not (search-forward "\\" nil 0)))
 546
 547        ;; hereafter point is put after a "\".
 548        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars
 549
 550        ;; "\\" :  leave the second "\"
 551        ((progn
 552           (delete-backward-char 1)
 553           (= (following-char) ?\\ ))
 554         (forward-char 1))
 555
 556        ;; "\ " :  delete the following " "
 557        ((= (following-char) 32)
 558         (delete-char 1)
 559         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 560
 561        ;; a language flag
 562        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 563
 564        ;; just a "\" :  not special sequence.
 565        (t
 566         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 567
 568     new-language))
 569
 570 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio (lang)
 571   "Handle Ethiopic section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 572 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 573 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol.
 574
 575 The parameter LANG (symbol, either `amharic' or `tigrigna') affects
 576 the conversion of \"a\"."
 577
 578   (let ((new-language nil)
 579         (verbatim nil)
 580         start table table2 ch)
 581
 582     (setcar (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ?a)
 583             (if (eq lang 'tigrigna) "\e$(3"f\e(B" "\e$(3"c\e(B"))
 584
 585     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 586       (setq ch (following-char))
 587       (cond
 588
 589        ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if in w3-mode
 590        ((and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
 591              sera-being-called-by-w3
 592              (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
 593         (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
 594                         nil 0))
 595
 596        ;; leave non-ASCII characters as they are
 597        ((>= ch 128)
 598         (forward-char 1))
 599
 600        ;; ethiopic digits
 601        ((looking-at "`[1-9][0-9]*")
 602         (delete-char 1)
 603         (ethio-convert-digit))
 604
 605        ;; if not seeing a "\", do sera to fidel conversion
 606        ((/= ch ?\\ )
 607         (setq start (point))
 608         (forward-char 1)
 609         (setq table (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ch))
 610         (while (setq table2 (cdr (assoc (following-char) table)))
 611           (setq table table2)
 612           (forward-char 1))
 613         (if (setq ch (car table))
 614             (progn
 615               (delete-region start (point))
 616               (if (stringp ch)
 617                   (insert ch)
 618                 (insert (eval ch))))))
 619
 620        ;; if control reaches here, we must be looking at a "\"
 621
 622        ;; verbatim mode
 623        (verbatim
 624         (if (looking-at "\\\\~! ?")
 625
 626             ;; "\~!" or "\~! ".  switch to non-verbatim mode
 627             (progn
 628               (replace-match "")
 629               (setq verbatim nil))
 630
 631           ;; "\" but not "\~!" nor "\~! ".  skip the current "\".
 632           (forward-char 1)))
 633
 634        ;; hereafter, non-verbatim mode and looking at a "\"
 635        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars.
 636
 637        ;; "\ " : delete the following " "
 638        ((progn
 639           (delete-char 1)
 640           (setq ch (following-char))
 641           (= ch 32))
 642         (delete-char 1)
 643         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 644
 645        ;; "\~!" or "\~! " : switch to verbatim mode
 646        ((looking-at "~! ?")
 647         (replace-match "")
 648         (setq verbatim t))
 649
 650        ;; a language flag
 651        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 652
 653        ;; "\~" but not "\~!" nor a language flag
 654        ((= ch ?~)
 655         (delete-char 1)
 656         (ethio-tilde-escape))
 657
 658        ;; ASCII punctuation escape.  skip
 659        ((looking-at "\\(,\\|\\.\\|;\\|:\\|'\\|`\\|\?\\|\\\\\\)+")
 660         (goto-char (match-end 0)))
 661
 662        ;; "\", but not special sequence
 663        (t
 664         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 665
 666     new-language))
 667
 668 (defun ethio-process-language-flag nil
 669   "Process a language flag of the form \"~lang\" or \"~lang1~lang2\".
 670
 671 If looking at \"~lang1~lang2\", set `ethio-primary-language' and
 672 `ethio-une-secondary-language' based on \"lang1\" and \"lang2\".
 673 Then delete the language flag \"~lang1~lang2\" from the buffer.
 674 Return value is the new primary language.
 675
 676 If looking at \"~lang\", delete that language flag \"~lang\" from the
 677 buffer and return that language.  In this case
 678 `ethio-primary-language' and `ethio-uni-secondary-language'
 679 are left unchanged.
 680
 681 If an unsupported language flag is found, just return nil without
 682 changing anything."
 683
 684   (let (lang1 lang2)
 685     (cond
 686
 687      ;; ~lang1~lang2
 688      ((and (looking-at
 689             "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 690            (setq lang1
 691                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 692                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
 693            (setq lang2
 694                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 695                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)))))
 696       (setq ethio-primary-language lang1
 697             ethio-secondary-language lang2)
 698       (delete-region (point) (match-end 2))
 699       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 700           (delete-char 1))
 701       ethio-primary-language)
 702
 703      ;; ~lang
 704      ((and (looking-at "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 705            (setq lang1
 706                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 707                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
 708       (delete-region (point) (match-end 1))
 709       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 710           (delete-char 1))
 711       lang1)
 712
 713      ;; otherwise
 714      (t
 715       nil))))
 716
 717 (defun ethio-tilde-escape nil
 718   "Handle a SERA tilde escape in Ethiopic section and delete it.
 719 Delete the escape even it is not recognised."
 720
 721   (let ((p (point)) command)
 722     (skip-chars-forward "^ \t\n\\\\")
 723     (setq command (buffer-substring p (point)))
 724     (delete-region p (point))
 725     (if (= (following-char) 32)
 726         (delete-char 1))
 727
 728     (cond
 729
 730      ;; \~-:
 731      ((string= command "-:")
 732       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon t))
 733
 734      ;; \~`:
 735      ((string= command "`:")
 736       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil))
 737
 738      ;; \~?
 739      ((string= command "?")
 740       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question nil))
 741
 742      ;; \~`|
 743      ((string= command "`|")
 744       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question t))
 745
 746      ;; \~e
 747      ((string= command "e")
 748       (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
 749
 750      ;; \~E
 751      ((string= command "E")
 752       (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
 753
 754      ;; \~a
 755      ((string= command "a")
 756       (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
 757
 758      ;; \~A
 759      ((string= command "A")
 760       (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
 761
 762      ;; \~X
 763      ((string= command "X")
 764       (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
 765
 766      ;; unsupported tilde escape
 767      (t
 768       nil))))
 769
 770 (defun ethio-flag-to-language (flag)
 771   (cond
 772    ((or (string= flag "en") (string= flag "eng")) 'english)
 773    ((or (string= flag "ti") (string= flag "tir")) 'tigrigna)
 774    ((or (string= flag "am") (string= flag "amh")) 'amharic)
 775    (t nil)))
 776
 777 (defun ethio-convert-digit nil
 778   "Convert Arabic digits to Ethiopic digits."
 779   (let (ch z)
 780     (while (and (>= (setq ch (following-char)) ?1)
 781                 (<= ch ?9))
 782       (delete-char 1)
 783
 784       ;; count up following zeros
 785       (setq z 0)
 786       (while (= (following-char) ?0)
 787         (delete-char 1)
 788         (setq z (1+ z)))
 789
 790       (cond
 791
 792        ;; first digit is 10, 20, ..., or 90
 793        ((= (mod z 2) 1)
 794         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$y\e(B ?\e$(3$z\e(B ?\e$(3${\e(B ?\e$(3$|\e(B ?\e$(3$}\e(B ?\e$(3$~\e(B ?\e$(3%!\e(B ?\e$(3%"\e(B ?\e$(3%#\e(B] (- ch ?1)))
 795         (setq z (1- z)))
 796
 797        ;; first digit is 2, 3, ..., or 9
 798        ((/= ch ?1)
 799         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$q\e(B ?\e$(3$r\e(B ?\e$(3$s\e(B ?\e$(3$t\e(B ?\e$(3$u\e(B ?\e$(3$v\e(B ?\e$(3$w\e(B ?\e$(3$x\e(B] (- ch ?2))))
 800
 801        ;; single 1
 802        ((= z 0)
 803         (insert "\e$(3$p\e(B")))
 804
 805       ;; 100
 806       (if (= (mod z 4) 2)
 807           (insert "\e$(3%$\e(B"))
 808
 809       ;; 10000
 810       (insert-char ?\e$(3%%\e(B (/ z 4)))))
 811
 812 ;;;###autoload
 813 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
 814   "Execute ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail or ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker depending on the current major mode.
 815 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
 816
 817   (interactive "P")
 818   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 819           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
 820       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (prefix-numeric-value arg))
 821     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker arg)))
 822
 823 ;;;###autoload
 824 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (&optional arg)
 825   "Convert SERA to FIDEL to read/write mail and news.
 826
 827 If the buffer contains the markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\",
 828 convert the segments between them into FIDEL.
 829
 830 If invoked interactively and there is no marker, convert the subject field
 831 and the body into FIDEL using `ethio-sera-to-fidel-region'."
 832
 833   (interactive "p")
 834   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
 835         border)
 836     (save-excursion
 837
 838       ;; follow RFC822 rules instead of looking for a fixed separator
 839       (rfc822-goto-eoh)
 840       (forward-line 1)
 841       (setq border (point))
 842
 843       ;; note that the point is placed at the border
 844       (if (or (re-search-forward "^<sera>$" nil t)
 845               (progn
 846                 (goto-char (point-min))
 847                 (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)))
 848
 849           ;; there are markers
 850           (progn
 851             ;; we start with the body so that the border will not change
 852             ;; use "^<sera>\n" instead of "^<sera>$" not to leave a blank line
 853             (goto-char border)
 854             (while (re-search-forward "^<sera>\n" nil t)
 855               (replace-match "")
 856               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 857                (point)
 858                (progn
 859                  (if (re-search-forward "^</sera>\n" nil 0)
 860                      (replace-match ""))
 861                  (point))))
 862             ;; now process the subject
 863             (goto-char (point-min))
 864             (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)
 865                 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 866                  (progn (delete-backward-char 6) (point))
 867                  (progn
 868                    (if (re-search-forward "</sera>$" (line-end-position) 0)
 869                        (replace-match ""))
 870                    (point)))))
 871
 872         ;; in case there are no marks but invoked interactively
 873         (if arg
 874             (progn
 875               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region border (point-max))
 876               (goto-char (point-min))
 877               (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
 878                   (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (point) (line-end-position))))))
 879
 880       ;; adjust the rmail marker
 881       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 882           (set-marker
 883            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
 884            (point-max))))))
 885
 886 ;;;###autoload
 887 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker (&optional force)
 888   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from SERA to FIDEL.
 889 Assume that each region begins with `ethio-primary-language'.
 890 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
 891   (interactive "P")
 892   (if (and buffer-read-only
 893            (not force)
 894            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 895       (error ""))
 896   (save-excursion
 897     (goto-char (point-min))
 898     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
 899       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 900        (point)
 901        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
 902            (match-beginning 0)
 903          (point-max))
 904        nil
 905        'force))))
 906
 907 ;;
 908 ;; FIDEL to SERA
 909 ;;
 910
 911 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-sera-map
 912  [ "he"  "hu"  "hi"  "ha"  "hE"  "h"  "ho"    ""       ;;   0 - 7
 913    "le"  "lu"  "li"  "la"  "lE"  "l"  "lo"  "lWa"      ;;   8
 914    "He"  "Hu"  "Hi"  "Ha"  "HE"  "H"  "Ho"  "HWa"      ;;  16
 915    "me"  "mu"  "mi"  "ma"  "mE"  "m"  "mo"  "mWa"      ;;  24
 916   "`se" "`su" "`si" "`sa" "`sE" "`s" "`so" "`sWa"      ;;  32
 917    "re"  "ru"  "ri"  "ra"  "rE"  "r"  "ro"  "rWa"      ;;  40
 918    "se"  "su"  "si"  "sa"  "sE"  "s"  "so"  "sWa"      ;;  48
 919    "xe"  "xu"  "xi"  "xa"  "xE"  "x"  "xo"  "xWa"      ;;  56
 920    "qe"  "qu"  "qi"  "qa"  "qE"  "q"  "qo"    ""       ;;  64
 921   "qWe"   ""  "qWi" "qWa" "qWE"  "qW'" ""     ""       ;;  72
 922    "Qe"  "Qu"  "Qi"  "Qa"  "QE"  "Q"  "Qo"    ""       ;;  80
 923   "QWe"   ""  "QWi" "QWa" "QWE"  "QW'" ""     ""       ;;  88
 924    "be"  "bu"  "bi"  "ba"  "bE"  "b"  "bo"  "bWa"      ;;  96
 925    "ve"  "vu"  "vi"  "va"  "vE"  "v"  "vo"  "vWa"      ;; 104
 926    "te"  "tu"  "ti"  "ta"  "tE"  "t"  "to"  "tWa"      ;; 112
 927    "ce"  "cu"  "ci"  "ca"  "cE"  "c"  "co"  "cWa"      ;; 120
 928   "`he" "`hu" "`hi" "`ha" "`hE" "`h" "`ho"    ""       ;; 128
 929   "hWe"   ""  "hWi" "hWa"  "hWE" "hW'" ""     ""       ;; 136
 930    "ne"  "nu"  "ni"  "na"  "nE"  "n"  "no"  "nWa"      ;; 144
 931    "Ne"  "Nu"  "Ni"  "Na"  "NE"  "N"  "No"  "NWa"      ;; 152
 932     "e"   "u"   "i"   "A"   "E"  "I"   "o"   "ea"      ;; 160
 933    "ke"  "ku"  "ki"  "ka"  "kE"  "k"  "ko"    ""       ;; 168
 934   "kWe"   ""  "kWi" "kWa" "kWE"  "kW'" ""     ""       ;; 176
 935    "Ke"  "Ku"  "Ki"  "Ka"  "KE"  "K"  "Ko"    ""       ;; 184
 936   "KWe"   ""  "KWi" "KWa" "KWE"  "KW'" ""     ""       ;; 192
 937    "we"  "wu"  "wi"  "wa"  "wE"  "w"  "wo"    ""       ;; 200
 938    "`e"  "`u"  "`i"  "`a"  "`E" "`I"  "`o"    ""       ;; 208
 939    "ze"  "zu"  "zi"  "za"  "zE"  "z"  "zo"  "zWa"      ;; 216
 940    "Ze"  "Zu"  "Zi"  "Za"  "ZE"  "Z"  "Zo"  "ZWa"      ;; 224
 941    "ye"  "yu"  "yi"  "ya"  "yE"  "y"  "yo"  "yWa"      ;; 232
 942    "de"  "du"  "di"  "da"  "dE"  "d"  "do"  "dWa"      ;; 240
 943    "De"  "Du"  "Di"  "Da"  "DE"  "D"  "Do"  "DWa"      ;; 248
 944    "je"  "ju"  "ji"  "ja"  "jE"  "j"  "jo"  "jWa"      ;; 256
 945    "ge"  "gu"  "gi"  "ga"  "gE"  "g"  "go"    ""       ;; 264
 946   "gWe"   ""  "gWi" "gWa" "gWE" "gW'"  ""     ""       ;; 272
 947    "Ge"  "Gu"  "Gi"  "Ga"  "GE"  "G"  "Go"  "GWa"      ;; 280
 948    "Te"  "Tu"  "Ti"  "Ta"  "TE"  "T"  "To"  "TWa"      ;; 288
 949    "Ce"  "Cu"  "Ci"  "Ca"  "CE"  "C"  "Co"  "CWa"      ;; 296
 950    "Pe"  "Pu"  "Pi"  "Pa"  "PE"  "P"  "Po"  "PWa"      ;; 304
 951    "Se"  "Su"  "Si"  "Sa"  "SE"  "S"  "So"  "SWa"      ;; 312
 952   "`Se" "`Su" "`Si" "`Sa" "`SE" "`S" "`So"    ""       ;; 320
 953    "fe"  "fu"  "fi"  "fa"  "fE"  "f"  "fo"  "fWa"      ;; 328
 954    "pe"  "pu"  "pi"  "pa"  "pE"  "p"  "po"  "pWa"      ;; 336
 955   "mYa" "rYa" "fYa"   ""    ""   ""    ""     ""       ;; 344
 956    " "  " : "  "::"  ","   ";"  "-:"  ":-"   "`?"      ;; 352
 957   ":|:"  "1"   "2"   "3"   "4"   "5"   "6"   "7"       ;; 360
 958    "8"   "9"   "10"  "20"  "30"  "40" "50"   "60"      ;; 368
 959    "70"  "80"  "90" "100" "10000" ""   ""     ""       ;; 376
 960   "`qe" "`qu" "`qi" "`qa" "`qE" "`q" "`qo"    ""       ;; 384
 961   "mWe" "bWe" "GWe" "fWe" "pWe"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 392
 962   "`ke" "`ku" "`ki" "`ka" "`kE" "`k" "`ko"    ""       ;; 400
 963   "mWi" "bWi" "GWi" "fWi" "pWi"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 408
 964    "Xe"  "Xu"  "Xi"  "Xa"  "XE"  "X"  "Xo"    ""       ;; 416
 965   "mWE" "bWE" "GWE" "fWE" "pWE"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 424
 966   "`ge" "`gu" "`gi" "`ga" "`gE" "`g" "`go"    ""       ;; 432
 967   "mW'" "bW'" "GW'" "fW'" "pW'"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 440
 968   "\\~X " "\\~e " "\\~E " "\\~a " "\\~A " "wWe" "wWi" "wWa" ;; 448
 969   "wWE" "wW'"  "''"  "`!"  "."  "<<"  ">>"   "?" ])    ;; 456
 970
 971 (defun ethio-prefer-amharic-p nil
 972   (or (eq ethio-primary-language 'amharic)
 973       (and (not (eq ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna))
 974            (eq ethio-secondary-language 'amharic))))
 975
 976 (defun ethio-language-to-flag (lang)
 977   (cond
 978    ((eq lang 'english) "eng")
 979    ((eq lang 'tigrigna) "tir")
 980    ((eq lang 'amharic) "amh")
 981    (t "")))
 982
 983 ;;;###autoload
 984 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-region (begin end &optional secondary force)
 985   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the region to the SERA format.
 986 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 987 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 988
 989 If the 3dr parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, try to convert
 990 the region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with
 991 the primary language.
 992
 993 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, convert even if the
 994 buffer is read-only.
 995
 996 See also the descriptions of the variables
 997 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
 998 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
 999
1000   (interactive "r\nP")
1001   (save-restriction
1002     (narrow-to-region begin end)
1003     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer secondary force)))
1004
1005 ;;;###autoload
1006 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer (&optional secondary force)
1007   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the current buffer to the SERA format.
1008 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
1009 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
1010
1011 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, try to convert the
1012 region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with the
1013 primary language.
1014
1015 If the 2nd optional parameter FORCE is non-nil, convert even if the
1016 buffer is read-only.
1017
1018 See also the descriptions of the variables
1019 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
1020 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
1021
1022   (interactive "P")
1023   (if (and buffer-read-only
1024            (not force)
1025            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1026       (error ""))
1027
1028   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1029         (case-fold-search nil)
1030         (lonec nil) ;; t means previous char was a lone consonant
1031         (fidel nil) ;; t means previous char was a FIDEL
1032         (digit nil) ;; t means previous char was an Ethiopic digit
1033         (flag (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir "))
1034         mode ch)
1035
1036     ;; user's preference in transcription
1037     (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon
1038         (progn
1039           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 "`:")
1040           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 ":"))
1041       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 " : ")
1042       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 "-:"))
1043
1044     (if ethio-use-three-dot-question
1045         (progn
1046           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "?")
1047           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "`?"))
1048       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "`?")
1049       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "?"))
1050
1051     (mapcar
1052      '(lambda (x)
1053         (aset (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map x)
1054               2
1055               (if ethio-W-sixth-always ?' ?u)))
1056      '(77 93 141 181 197 277 440 441 442 443 444 457))
1057
1058     (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1059         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "a")
1060       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "e"))
1061     ;; end of user's preference
1062
1063     ;; first, decompose geminated characters
1064     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1065
1066     ;; main conversion routine
1067     (goto-char (point-min))
1068     (while (not (eobp))
1069       (setq ch (following-char))
1070
1071       (cond                             ; ethiopic, english, neutral
1072
1073        ;; ethiopic character.  must go to ethiopic mode, if not in it.
1074        ((eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1075         (setq ch (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch))
1076         (delete-char 1)
1077         (if (not (eq mode 'ethiopic))
1078             (progn
1079               (insert flag)
1080               (setq mode 'ethiopic)))
1081
1082         (cond                           ; fidel, punc, digit
1083
1084          ;; fidels
1085          ((or (<= ch 346)               ;  he - fYa
1086               (and (>= ch 384) (<= ch 444)) ; `qe - pw
1087               (and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))) ; wWe - wW
1088           (if (and (memq ch '(160 161 162 163 164 166 167)) ; (e - ea)
1089                    (or lonec
1090                        (and ethio-quote-vowel-always
1091                             fidel)))
1092               (insert "'"))
1093           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1094           (setq lonec (ethio-lone-consonant-p ch)
1095                 fidel t
1096                 digit nil))
1097
1098          ;; punctuations or icons
1099          ((or (and (>= ch 353) (<= ch 360)) ;  : - :|:
1100               (>= ch 458)               ;  '' -  ?
1101               (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452))) ;  \~X \~e \~E \~a \~A
1102           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1103           (setq lonec nil
1104                 fidel nil
1105                 digit nil))
1106
1107          ;; now CH must be an ethiopic digit
1108
1109          ;; reduction = 0 or not preceded by Ethiopic number(s)
1110          ((or (= ethio-numeric-reduction 0)
1111               (not digit))
1112           (insert "`" (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1113           (setq lonec nil
1114                 fidel nil
1115                 digit t))
1116
1117          ;; reduction = 2 and following 10s, 100s, 10000s
1118          ((and (= ethio-numeric-reduction 2)
1119                (memq ch '(370 379 380)))
1120           (insert (substring (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch) 1))
1121           (setq lonec nil
1122                 fidel nil
1123                 digit t))
1124
1125          ;; ordinary following digits
1126          (t
1127           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1128           (setq lonec nil
1129                 fidel nil
1130                 digit t))))
1131
1132        ;; english character.  must go to english mode, if not in it.
1133        ((or (and (>= ch ?a) (<= ch ?z))
1134             (and (>= ch ?A) (<= ch ?Z)))
1135         (if (not (eq mode 'english))
1136             (insert "\\~eng "))
1137         (forward-char 1)
1138         (setq mode 'english
1139               lonec nil
1140               fidel nil
1141               digit nil))
1142
1143        ;; ch can appear both in ethiopic section and in english section.
1144        (t
1145
1146         ;; we must decide the mode, if not decided yet
1147         (if (null mode)
1148             (progn
1149               (setq mode
1150                     (if secondary
1151                         ethio-secondary-language
1152                       ethio-primary-language))
1153               (if (eq mode 'english)
1154                   (insert "\\~eng ")
1155                 (insert flag)
1156                 (setq mode 'ethiopic)))) ; tigrigna & amharic --> ethiopic
1157
1158         (cond                           ; \ , eng-mode , punc , w3 , other
1159
1160          ;; backslash is always quoted
1161          ((= ch ?\\ )
1162           (insert "\\")
1163           (forward-char 1))
1164
1165          ;; nothing to do if in english mode
1166          ((eq mode 'english)
1167           (forward-char 1))
1168
1169          ;; now we must be in ethiopic mode and seeing a non-"\"
1170
1171          ;; ascii punctuations in ethiopic mode
1172          ((looking-at "[,.;:'`?]+")
1173           (insert "\\")
1174           (goto-char (1+ (match-end 0)))) ; because we inserted one byte (\)
1175
1176          ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if called from w3
1177          ((and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
1178                sera-being-called-by-w3
1179                (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
1180           (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
1181                           nil 0))
1182
1183          ;; neutral character.  no need to quote.  just skip it.
1184          (t
1185           (forward-char 1)))
1186
1187         (setq lonec nil
1188               fidel nil
1189               digit nil)))
1190     ;; end of main conversion routine
1191     )))
1192
1193 (defun ethio-lone-consonant-p (ethiocode)
1194   "If ETHIOCODE is an Ethiopic lone consonant, return t."
1195   (or (and (< ethiocode 344) (= (% ethiocode 8) 5))
1196
1197       ;;                     `q  `k   X  `g  mW  bW  GW  fW  pW  wW
1198       (memq ethiocode '(389 405 421 437 440 441 442 443 444 457))))
1199
1200 ;;;###autoload
1201 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
1202   "Execute ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail or ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker depending on the current major mode.
1203 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
1204
1205   (interactive "P")
1206   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1207           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
1208       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
1209     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker arg)))
1210
1211 ;;;###autoload
1212 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail nil
1213   "Convert FIDEL to SERA to read/write mail and news.
1214
1215 If the body contains at least one Ethiopic character,
1216  1) insert the string \"<sera>\" at the beginning of the body,
1217  2) insert \"</sera>\" at the end of the body, and
1218  3) convert the body into SERA.
1219
1220 The very same procedure applies to the subject field, too."
1221
1222   (interactive)
1223   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1224         border)
1225     (save-excursion
1226
1227       ;; follow RFC822 rules instead of looking for a fixed separator
1228       (rfc822-goto-eoh)
1229       (forward-line 1)
1230       (setq border (point))
1231
1232       ;; process body first not to change the border
1233       ;; note that the point is already at the border
1234       (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1235           (progn
1236             (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region border (point-max))
1237             (goto-char border)
1238             (insert "<sera>")
1239             (goto-char (point-max))
1240             (insert "</sera>")))
1241
1242       ;; process subject
1243       (goto-char (point-min))
1244       (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
1245           (let ((beg (point))
1246                 (end (line-end-position)))
1247             (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" end t)
1248                 (progn
1249                   (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region beg end)
1250                   (goto-char beg)
1251                   (insert "<sera>")
1252                   (end-of-line)
1253                   (insert "</sera>")))))
1254
1255       ;; adjust the rmail marker
1256       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1257           (set-marker
1258            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
1259            (point-max))))))
1260
1261 ;;;###autoload
1262 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker (&optional force)
1263   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from FIDEL to SERA.
1264 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
1265
1266   (interactive "P")
1267   (if (and buffer-read-only
1268            (not force)
1269            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1270       (error ""))
1271   (save-excursion
1272     (goto-char (point-min))
1273     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1274       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region
1275        (point)
1276        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
1277            (match-beginning 0)
1278          (point-max))
1279        nil
1280        'force))))
1281
1282 ;;
1283 ;; vowel modification
1284 ;;
1285
1286 ;;;###autoload
1287 (defun ethio-modify-vowel nil
1288   "Modify the vowel of the FIDEL that is under the cursor."
1289   (interactive)
1290   (let ((ch (following-char))
1291         (composite nil)                 ; geminated or not
1292         newch base vowel modulo)
1293
1294     (cond
1295      ;; in case of gemination
1296      ((eq (char-charset ch) 'composition)
1297       (setq ch (string-to-char (decompose-composite-char ch))
1298             composite t))
1299      ;; neither gemination nor fidel
1300      ((not (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic))
1301       (error "Not a valid character")))
1302
1303     ;; set frequently referred character features
1304     (setq ch     (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch)
1305           base   (* (/ ch 8) 8)
1306           modulo (% ch 8))
1307
1308     (if (or (and (>= ch 344) (<= ch 380)) ;; mYa - `10000
1309             (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452)) ;; \~X - \~A
1310             (>= ch 458))                  ;; private punctuations
1311         (error "Not a valid character"))
1312
1313     (setq
1314      newch
1315      (cond
1316
1317       ;; first standalone vowels
1318       ((= base 160)
1319        (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1320            (message "Modify vowel to: [auiAEIoW\"] ")
1321          (message "Modify vowel to: [euiAEIoW\"] "))
1322        (setq vowel (read-char))
1323        (cond
1324         ((= vowel ?e) 160)
1325         ((= vowel ?u) 161)
1326         ((= vowel ?i) 162)
1327         ((= vowel ?A) 163)
1328         ((= vowel ?E) 164)
1329         ((= vowel ?I) 165)
1330         ((= vowel ?o) 166)
1331         ((= vowel ?W) 167)
1332         ((= vowel ?a) (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) 160 163))
1333         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1334         (t nil)))
1335
1336       ;; second standalone vowels
1337       ((= base 208)
1338        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaEIo\"] ")
1339        (setq vowel (read-char))
1340        (cond
1341         ((= vowel ?e) 208)
1342         ((= vowel ?u) 209)
1343         ((= vowel ?i) 210)
1344         ((= vowel ?a) 211)
1345         ((= vowel ?E) 212)
1346         ((= vowel ?I) 213)
1347         ((= vowel ?o) 214)
1348         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1349         (t nil)))
1350
1351       ;; 12-form consonants, *W* form
1352       ((memq base '(72 88 136 176 192 272)) ; qW QW hW kW KW gW
1353        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1354        (setq vowel (read-char))
1355        (cond
1356         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1357         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 5))
1358         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1359         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1360         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1361         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1362         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1363         (t nil)))
1364
1365       ;; extended 12-form consonants, mWa bWa GWa fWa pWa
1366       ((= ch 31)                        ; mWa
1367        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1368        (setq vowel (read-char))
1369        (cond
1370         ((= vowel ?e) 392)
1371         ((= vowel ?u) 440)
1372         ((= vowel ?i) 408)
1373         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1374         ((= vowel ?E) 424)
1375         ((= vowel ?') 440)
1376         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1377         (t nil)))
1378       ((= ch 103)                       ; bWa
1379        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1380        (setq vowel (read-char))
1381        (cond
1382         ((= vowel ?e) 393)
1383         ((= vowel ?u) 441)
1384         ((= vowel ?i) 409)
1385         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1386         ((= vowel ?E) 425)
1387         ((= vowel ?') 441)
1388         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1389         (t nil)))
1390       ((= ch 287)                       ; GWa
1391        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1392        (setq vowel (read-char))
1393        (cond
1394         ((= vowel ?e) 394)
1395         ((= vowel ?u) 442)
1396         ((= vowel ?i) 410)
1397         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1398         ((= vowel ?E) 426)
1399         ((= vowel ?') 442)
1400         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1401         (t nil)))
1402       ((= ch 335)                       ; fWa
1403        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1404        (setq vowel (read-char))
1405        (cond
1406         ((= vowel ?e) 395)
1407         ((= vowel ?u) 443)
1408         ((= vowel ?i) 411)
1409         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1410         ((= vowel ?E) 427)
1411         ((= vowel ?') 443)
1412         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1413         (t nil)))
1414       ((= ch 343)                       ; pWa
1415        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1416        (setq vowel (read-char))
1417        (cond
1418         ((= vowel ?e) 396)
1419         ((= vowel ?u) 444)
1420         ((= vowel ?i) 412)
1421         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1422         ((= vowel ?E) 428)
1423         ((= vowel ?') 444)
1424         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1425         (t nil)))
1426
1427       ;; extended 12-form consonatns, mW* bW* GW* fW* pW*
1428       ((memq base '(392 408 424 440))   ; *We *Wi *WE *W
1429        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiEau'\"] ")
1430        (setq vowel (read-char))
1431        (cond
1432         ((= vowel ?e) (+ 392 modulo))
1433         ((= vowel ?i) (+ 408 modulo))
1434         ((= vowel ?E) (+ 424 modulo))
1435         ((= vowel ?a) (cond
1436                        ((= modulo 0)  31) ; mWa
1437                        ((= modulo 1) 103) ; bWa
1438                        ((= modulo 2) 287) ; GWa
1439                        ((= modulo 3) 335) ; fWa
1440                        ((= modulo 4) 343) ; pWa
1441                        (t nil)))        ; never reach here
1442         ((= vowel ?') (+ 440 modulo))
1443         ((= vowel ?u) (+ 440 modulo))
1444         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1445         (t nil)))
1446
1447       ((and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))    ; wWe wWi wWa wWE wW
1448        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiaE'u\"] ")
1449        (setq vowel (read-char))
1450        (cond
1451         ((= vowel ?e) 453)
1452         ((= vowel ?i) 454)
1453         ((= vowel ?a) 455)
1454         ((= vowel ?E) 456)
1455         ((= vowel ?') 457)
1456         ((= vowel ?u) 457)
1457         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1458         (t nil)))
1459
1460       ;; 7-form consonants, or
1461       ;; first 7 of 8-form consonants
1462       ((<= modulo 6)
1463        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'o\"] ")
1464        (setq vowel (read-char))
1465        (cond
1466         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1467         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 1))
1468         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1469         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1470         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1471         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1472         ((= vowel ?o) (+ base 6))
1473         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1474         (t nil)))
1475
1476       ;; otherwise
1477       (t
1478        nil)))
1479
1480     (cond
1481
1482      ;; could not get new character
1483      ((null newch)
1484       (error "Invalid vowel"))
1485
1486      ;; vowel changed on a composite Fidel
1487      (composite
1488       (delete-char 1)
1489       (insert
1490        (compose-string
1491         (concat (char-to-string (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))        "\e$(3%s\e(B"))))
1492
1493      ;; simple vowel modification
1494      (t
1495       (delete-char 1)
1496       (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))))))
1497
1498 (defun ethio-ethiocode-to-char (ethiocode)
1499   (make-char
1500    'ethiopic
1501    (+ (/ ethiocode 94) 33)
1502    (+ (mod ethiocode 94) 33)))
1503
1504 (defun ethio-char-to-ethiocode (ch)
1505   (and (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1506        (let ((char-components (split-char ch)))
1507          (+ (* (- (nth 1 char-components) 33) 94)
1508             (- (nth 2 char-components) 33)))))
1509
1510 ;;
1511 ;; space replacement
1512 ;;
1513
1514 ;;;###autoload
1515 (defun ethio-replace-space (ch begin end)
1516   "Replace ASCII spaces with Ethiopic word separators in the region.
1517
1518 In the specified region, replace word separators surrounded by two
1519 Ethiopic characters, depending on the first parameter CH, which should
1520 be 1, 2, or 3.
1521
1522 If CH = 1, word separator will be replaced with an ASCII space.
1523 If CH = 2, with two ASCII spaces.
1524 If CH = 3, with the Ethiopic colon-like word separator.
1525
1526 The second and third parameters BEGIN and END specify the region."
1527
1528   (interactive "*cReplace spaces to: 1 (sg col), 2 (dbl col), 3 (Ethiopic)\nr")
1529   (if (not (memq ch '(?1 ?2 ?3)))
1530       (error ""))
1531   (save-excursion
1532     (save-restriction
1533       (narrow-to-region begin end)
1534
1535       (cond
1536        ((= ch ?1)
1537         ;; an Ethiopic word separator --> an ASCII space
1538         (goto-char (point-min))
1539         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1540           (replace-match " " nil t))
1541
1542         ;; two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters --> an ASCII space
1543         (goto-char (point-min))
1544         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1545           (replace-match "\\1 \\2")
1546           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1547
1548        ((= ch ?2)
1549         ;; An Ethiopic word separator --> two ASCII spaces
1550         (goto-char (point-min))
1551         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1552           (replace-match "  "))
1553
1554         ;; An ASCII space between Ethiopic characters --> two ASCII spaces
1555         (goto-char (point-min))
1556         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\) \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1557           (replace-match "\\1  \\2")
1558           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1559
1560        (t
1561         ;; One or two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1562         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator
1563         (goto-char (point-min))
1564         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  ?\\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1565           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1566           (goto-char (match-beginning 2)))
1567
1568         ;; Three or more ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1569         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator + (N - 2) ASCII spaces
1570         (goto-char (point-min))
1571         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\( *\\ce\\)" nil t)
1572           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1573           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))))))
1574
1575 ;;
1576 ;; special icons
1577 ;;
1578
1579 ;;;###autoload
1580 (defun ethio-input-special-character (arg)
1581   "Allow the user to input special characters."
1582   (interactive "*cInput number: 1.\e$(3%j\e(B  2.\e$(3%k\e(B  3.\e$(3%l\e(B  4.\e$(3%m\e(B  5.\e$(3%i\e(B")
1583   (cond
1584    ((= arg ?1)
1585     (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
1586    ((= arg ?2)
1587     (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
1588    ((= arg ?3)
1589     (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
1590    ((= arg ?4)
1591     (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
1592    ((= arg ?5)
1593     (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
1594    (t
1595     (error ""))))
1596
1597 ;;
1598 ;; TeX support
1599 ;;
1600
1601 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1602  [ "heG"  "huG"  "hiG"  "haG"  "hEG"   "hG"  "hoG"      ""     ;;   0 - 7
1603    "leG"  "luG"  "liG"  "laG"  "lEG"   "lG"  "loG"  "lWaG"     ;;   8
1604    "HeG"  "HuG"  "HiG"  "HaG"  "HEG"   "HG"  "HoG"  "HWaG"     ;;  16
1605    "meG"  "muG"  "miG"  "maG"  "mEG"   "mG"  "moG"  "mWaG"     ;;  24
1606   "sseG" "ssuG" "ssiG" "ssaG" "ssEG"  "ssG" "ssoG" "ssWaG"     ;;  32
1607    "reG"  "ruG"  "riG"  "raG"  "rEG"   "rG"  "roG"  "rWaG"     ;;  40
1608    "seG"  "suG"  "siG"  "saG"  "sEG"   "sG"  "soG"  "sWaG"     ;;  48
1609    "xeG"  "xuG"  "xiG"  "xaG"  "xEG"   "xG"  "xoG"  "xWaG"     ;;  56
1610    "qeG"  "quG"  "qiG"  "qaG"  "qEG"   "qG"  "qoG"      ""     ;;  64
1611   "qWeG"     "" "qWiG" "qWaG" "qWEG"  "qWG"     ""      ""     ;;  72
1612    "QeG"  "QuG"  "QiG"  "QaG"  "QEG"   "QG"  "QoG"      ""     ;;  80
1613   "QWeG"     "" "QWiG" "QWaG" "QWEG"  "QWG"     ""      ""     ;;  88
1614    "beG"  "buG"  "biG"  "baG"  "bEG"   "bG"  "boG"  "bWaG"     ;;  96
1615    "veG"  "vuG"  "viG"  "vaG"  "vEG"   "vG"  "voG"  "vWaG"     ;; 104
1616    "teG"  "tuG"  "tiG"  "taG"  "tEG"   "tG"  "toG"  "tWaG"     ;; 112
1617    "ceG"  "cuG"  "ciG"  "caG"  "cEG"   "cG"  "coG"  "cWaG"     ;; 120
1618   "hheG" "hhuG" "hhiG" "hhaG" "hhEG"  "hhG" "hhoG"      ""     ;; 128
1619   "hWeG"     "" "hWiG" "hWaG" "hWEG"  "hWG"     ""      ""     ;; 136
1620    "neG"  "nuG"  "niG"  "naG"  "nEG"   "nG"  "noG"  "nWaG"     ;; 144
1621    "NeG"  "NuG"  "NiG"  "NaG"  "NEG"   "NG"  "NoG"  "NWaG"     ;; 152
1622     "eG"   "uG"   "iG"   "AG"   "EG"   "IG"   "oG"   "eaG"     ;; 160
1623    "keG"  "kuG"  "kiG"  "kaG"  "kEG"   "kG"  "koG"      ""     ;; 168
1624   "kWeG"     "" "kWiG" "kWaG" "kWEG"  "kWG"     ""      ""     ;; 176
1625    "KeG"  "KuG"  "KiG"  "KaG"  "KEG"   "KG"  "KoG"      ""     ;; 184
1626   "KWeG"     "" "KWiG" "KWaG" "KWEG"  "KWG"     ""      ""     ;; 192
1627    "weG"  "wuG"  "wiG"  "waG"  "wEG"   "wG"  "woG"      ""     ;; 200
1628    "eeG"  "uuG"  "iiG"  "aaG"  "EEG"  "IIG"  "ooG"      ""     ;; 208
1629    "zeG"  "zuG"  "ziG"  "zaG"  "zEG"   "zG"  "zoG"  "zWaG"     ;; 216
1630    "ZeG"  "ZuG"  "ZiG"  "ZaG"  "ZEG"   "ZG"  "ZoG"  "ZWaG"     ;; 224
1631    "yeG"  "yuG"  "yiG"  "yaG"  "yEG"   "yG"  "yoG"  "yWaG"     ;; 232
1632    "deG"  "duG"  "diG"  "daG"  "dEG"   "dG" "doG"   "dWaG"     ;; 240
1633    "DeG"  "DuG"  "DiG"  "DaG"  "DEG"   "DG"  "DoG"  "DWaG"     ;; 248
1634    "jeG"  "juG"  "jiG"  "jaG"  "jEG"   "jG"  "joG"  "jWaG"     ;; 256
1635    "geG"  "guG"  "giG"  "gaG"  "gEG"   "gG"  "goG"     ""      ;; 264
1636   "gWeG"     "" "gWiG" "gWaG" "gWEG"  "gWG"     ""     ""      ;; 272
1637    "GeG"  "GuG"  "GiG"  "GaG"  "GEG"   "GG"  "GoG"  "GWaG"     ;; 280
1638    "TeG"  "TuG"  "TiG"  "TaG"  "TEG"   "TG"  "ToG"  "TWaG"     ;; 288
1639    "CeG"  "CuG"  "CiG"  "CaG"  "CEG"   "CG"  "CoG"  "CWaG"     ;; 296
1640    "PeG"  "PuG"  "PiG"  "PaG"  "PEG"   "PG"  "PoG"  "PWaG"     ;; 304
1641    "SeG"  "SuG"  "SiG"  "SaG"  "SEG"   "SG"  "SoG"  "SWaG"     ;; 312
1642   "SSeG" "SSuG" "SSiG" "SSaG" "SSEG"  "SSG" "SSoG"      ""     ;; 320
1643    "feG"  "fuG"  "fiG"  "faG"  "fEG"   "fG"  "foG"  "fWaG"     ;; 328
1644    "peG"  "puG"  "piG"  "paG"  "pEG"   "pG"  "poG"  "pWaG"     ;; 336
1645   "mYaG" "rYaG" "fYaG"     ""     ""     ""     ""      ""     ;; 344
1646       "" "spaceG" "periodG" "commaG"                           ;; 352
1647   "semicolonG" "colonG" "precolonG" "oldqmarkG"                ;; 356
1648   "pbreakG" "andG" "huletG" "sostG" "aratG" "amstG" "sadstG" "sabatG"  ;; 360
1649   "smntG" "zeteNG" "asrG" "heyaG" "selasaG" "arbaG" "hemsaG" "slsaG"   ;; 368
1650   "sebaG" "semanyaG" "zeTanaG" "metoG" "asrxiG" "" "" ""               ;; 376
1651   "qqeG" "qquG" "qqiG" "qqaG" "qqEG" "qqG" "qqoG"    ""      ;; 384
1652   "mWeG" "bWeG" "GWeG" "fWeG" "pWeG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 392
1653   "kkeG" "kkuG" "kkiG" "kkaG" "kkEG" "kkG" "kkoG"    ""      ;; 400
1654   "mWiG" "bWiG" "GWiG" "fWiG" "pWiG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 408
1655    "XeG"  "XuG" "GXiG"  "XaG"  "XEG"  "XG"  "XoG"    ""      ;; 416
1656   "mWEG" "bWEG" "GWEG" "fWEG" "pWEG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 424
1657   "ggeG" "gguG" "ggiG" "ggaG" "ggEG" "ggG" "ggoG"    ""      ;; 432
1658    "mWG" "bWG"   "GWG"  "fWG"  "pWG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 440
1659   "ornamentG" "flandG" "iflandG" "africaG"                       ;; 448
1660   "iafricaG" "wWeG" "wWiG" "wWaG"                            ;; 452
1661   "wWEG"  "wWG" "" "slaqG" "dotG" "lquoteG" "rquoteG" "qmarkG" ])  ;; 456
1662
1663 ;;
1664 ;; To make tex-to-fidel mapping.
1665 ;; The following code makes
1666 ;;     (get 'ethio-tex-command-he 'ethio-fidel-char)  ==>  ?\e$(3!!\e(B
1667 ;; etc.
1668 ;;
1669
1670 (let ((i 0) str)
1671   (while (< i (length ethio-fidel-to-tex-map))
1672     (setq str (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i))
1673     (if (not (string= str ""))
1674         (put
1675          (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-" (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i)))
1676          'ethio-fidel-char
1677          (ethio-ethiocode-to-char i)))
1678     (setq i (1+ i))))
1679
1680 ;;;###autoload
1681 (defun ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer nil
1682   "Convert each fidel characters in the current buffer into a fidel-tex command.
1683 Each command is always surrounded by braces."
1684   (interactive)
1685   (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
1686
1687     ;; Isolated gemination marks need special treatement
1688     (goto-char (point-min))
1689     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1690       (replace-match "\\geminateG{}" t t))
1691
1692     ;; First, decompose geminations
1693     ;; Here we assume that each composed character consists of
1694     ;; one Ethiopic character and the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1695     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1696
1697     ;; Special treatment for geminated characters
1698     ;; The geminated character (la'') will be "\geminateG{\la}".
1699     (goto-char (point-min))
1700     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1701       (delete-backward-char 1)
1702       (backward-char 1)
1703       (insert "\\geminateG")
1704       (forward-char 1))
1705
1706     ;; Ethiopic characters to TeX macros
1707     (goto-char (point-min))
1708     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1709       (insert
1710        "{\\"
1711        (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1712              (prog1 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))
1713                (backward-delete-char 1)))
1714        "}"))
1715     (goto-char (point-min))
1716     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1717
1718 ;;;###autoload
1719 (defun ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer nil
1720   "Convert fidel-tex commands in the current buffer into fidel chars."
1721   (interactive)
1722   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1723         (p) (ch))
1724
1725     ;; Special treatment for gemination
1726     ;; "\geminateG{\la}" or "\geminateG{{\la}}" will be "\la\e$(3%s\e(B"
1727     ;; "\geminateG{}" remains unchanged.
1728     (goto-char (point-min))
1729     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\geminateG{\\(\\\\[a-zA-Z]+\\)}" nil t)
1730       (replace-match "\\1\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1731
1732     ;; TeX macros to Ethiopic characters
1733     (goto-char (point-min))
1734     (while (search-forward "\\" nil t)
1735       (setq p (point))
1736       (skip-chars-forward "a-zA-Z")
1737       (setq ch
1738             (get (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-"
1739                                  (buffer-substring p (point))))
1740                  'ethio-fidel-char))
1741       (if ch
1742           (progn
1743             (delete-region (1- p) (point)) ; don't forget the preceding "\"
1744             (if (and (= (preceding-char) ?{)
1745                      (= (following-char) ?}))
1746                 (progn
1747                   (backward-delete-char 1)
1748                   (delete-char 1)))
1749             (insert ch))))
1750
1751     ;; compose geminated characters
1752     (goto-char (point-min))
1753     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1754       (compose-region
1755        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1756        (point)))
1757
1758     ;; Now it's time to convert isolated gemination marks.
1759     (goto-char (point-min))
1760     (while (search-forward "\\geminateG{}" nil t)
1761       (replace-match "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1762
1763     (goto-char (point-min))
1764     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1765
1766 ;;
1767 ;; Java support
1768 ;;
1769
1770 ;;;###autoload
1771 (defun ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer nil
1772   "Convert Ethiopic characters into the Java escape sequences.
1773
1774 Each escape sequence is of the form \uXXXX, where XXXX is the
1775 character's codepoint (in hex) in Unicode.
1776
1777 If `ethio-java-save-lowercase' is non-nil, use [0-9a-f].
1778 Otherwise, [0-9A-F]."
1779   (let ((ucode))
1780
1781     ;; first, decompose geminations
1782     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1783
1784     (goto-char (point-min))
1785     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1786       (setq ucode (+ ?\x1200 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))))
1787       (if (> ucode ?\x13bc)
1788           (setq ucode (+ ucode 59952)))
1789       (delete-backward-char 1)
1790       (if ethio-java-save-lowercase
1791           (insert (format "\\u%4x" ucode))
1792         (insert (upcase (format "\\u%4x" ucode)))))))
1793
1794 ;;;###autoload
1795 (defun ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer nil
1796   "Convert the Java escape sequences into corresponding Ethiopic characters."
1797   (let ((ucode))
1798     (goto-char (point-min))
1799     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\u\\([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]\\)" nil t)
1800       (setq ucode
1801             (read
1802              (concat
1803               "?\\x"
1804               (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
1805       (cond
1806        ((and (>= ucode ?\x1200) (<= ucode ?\x13bc))
1807         (replace-match "")
1808         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode ?\x1200))))
1809        ((and (>= ucode ?\xfdf1) (<= ucode ?\xfdff))
1810         (replace-match "")
1811         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode 64560))))
1812        (t
1813         nil)))
1814
1815     ;; gemination
1816     (goto-char (point-min))
1817     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1818       (compose-region
1819        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1820        (point)))
1821     ))
1822
1823 ;;
1824 ;; file I/O hooks
1825 ;;
1826
1827 ;;;###autoload
1828 (defun ethio-find-file nil
1829   "Transcribe file content into Ethiopic dependig on filename suffix."
1830   (cond
1831
1832    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1833     (save-excursion
1834       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer nil 'force)
1835       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1836
1837    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1838     (let ((sera-being-called-by-w3 t))
1839       (save-excursion
1840         (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker 'force)
1841         (goto-char (point-min))
1842         (while (re-search-forward "&[lr]aquote;" nil t)
1843           (if (= (char-after (1+ (match-beginning 0))) ?l)
1844               (replace-match "\e$(3%v\e(B")
1845             (replace-match "\e$(3%w\e(B")))
1846         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1847
1848    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1849     (save-excursion
1850       (ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer)
1851       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1852
1853    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1854     (save-excursion
1855       (ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer)
1856       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1857
1858    (t
1859     nil)))
1860
1861 ;;;###autoload
1862 (defun ethio-write-file nil
1863   "Transcribe Ethiopic characters in ASCII depending on the file extension."
1864   (cond
1865
1866    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1867     (save-excursion
1868       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer nil 'force)
1869       (goto-char (point-min))
1870       (ethio-record-user-preference)
1871       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1872
1873    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1874     (save-excursion
1875       (let ((sera-being-called-by-w3 t)
1876             (lq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461))
1877             (rq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462)))
1878         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 "&laquote;")
1879         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 "&raquote;")
1880         (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker 'force)
1881         (goto-char (point-min))
1882         (if (search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1883             (ethio-record-user-preference))
1884         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 lq)
1885         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 rq)
1886         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1887
1888    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1889     (save-excursion
1890       (ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer)
1891       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1892
1893    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1894     (save-excursion
1895       (ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer)
1896       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1897
1898    (t
1899     nil)))
1900
1901 (defun ethio-record-user-preference nil
1902   (if (looking-at "\\\\~\\(tir?\\|amh?\\) ")
1903       (goto-char (match-end 0))
1904     (insert (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir ")))
1905   (insert (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\\~-: " "\\~`: ")
1906           (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\\~`| " "\\~`? ")))
1907
1908 ;;
1909 ;; Ethiopic word separator vs. ASCII space
1910 ;;
1911
1912 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-space t)
1913 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-space)
1914
1915 (defun ethio-toggle-space nil
1916   "Toggle ASCII space and Ethiopic separator for keyboard input."
1917   (interactive)
1918   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1919         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-space))
1920   (if (equal current-input-method "ethiopic")
1921       (setq current-input-method-title (quail-title)))
1922   (force-mode-line-update))
1923
1924 (defun ethio-insert-space (arg)
1925   "Insert ASCII spaces or Ethiopic word separators depending on context.
1926
1927 If the current word separator (indicated in mode-line) is the ASCII space,
1928 insert an ASCII space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1929
1930 If the current word separator is the colon-like Ethiopic word
1931 separator and the point is preceded by `an Ethiopic punctuation mark
1932 followed by zero or more ASCII spaces', then insert also an ASCII
1933 space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1934
1935 Otherwise, insert a colon-like Ethiopic word separator.  With ARG, insert that
1936 many Ethiopic word separators."
1937
1938   (interactive "*p")
1939   (cond
1940    (ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1941     (insert-char 32 arg))
1942    ((save-excursion
1943       (skip-chars-backward " ")
1944       (memq (preceding-char)
1945             '(?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\e$(3$l\e(B ?\e$(3$m\e(B ?\e$(3$n\e(B ?\e$(3$o\e(B ?\e$(3%t\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?\e$(3%v\e(B ?\e$(3%w\e(B ?\e$(3%x\e(B)))
1946     (insert-char 32 arg))
1947    (t
1948     (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))))
1949
1950 (defun ethio-insert-ethio-space (arg)
1951   "Insert the Ethiopic word delimiter (the colon-like character).
1952 With ARG, insert that many delimiters."
1953   (interactive "*p")
1954   (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))
1955
1956 ;;
1957 ;; Ethiopic punctuation vs. ASCII punctuation
1958 ;;
1959
1960 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation nil)
1961 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation)
1962
1963 (defun ethio-toggle-punctuation nil
1964   "Toggle Ethiopic punctuations and ASCII punctuations for keyboard input."
1965   (interactive)
1966   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1967         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation))
1968   (let* ((keys '("." ".." "..." "," ",," ";" ";;" ":" "::" ":::" "*" "**"))
1969          (puncs
1970           (if ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1971               '(?. [".."] ["..."] ?, [",,"] ?\; [";;"] ?: ["::"] [":::"] ?* ["**"])
1972             '(?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?. ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?, ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\; ?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?: ?* ?\e$(3$o\e(B))))
1973     (while keys
1974       (quail-defrule (car keys) (car puncs) "ethiopic")
1975       (setq keys (cdr keys)
1976             puncs (cdr puncs)))
1977     (if (equal current-input-method "ethiopic")
1978         (setq current-input-method-title (quail-title)))
1979     (force-mode-line-update)))
1980
1981 ;;
1982 ;; Gemination
1983 ;;
1984
1985 (defun ethio-gemination nil
1986   "Compose the character before the point with the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1987 If the characater is already composed, decompose it and remove the gemination
1988 mark."
1989   (interactive "*")
1990   (cond
1991    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'ethiopic)
1992     (insert "\e$(3%s\e(B")
1993     (compose-region
1994      (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1995      (point))
1996     (forward-char 1))
1997    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'leading-code-composition)
1998     (decompose-region
1999      (save-excursion (backward-char 1) (point))
2000      (point))
2001     (delete-backward-char 1))
2002    (t
2003     (error ""))))
2004
2005 ;;
2006 (provide 'ethio-util)
2007
2008 ;;; ethio-util.el ends here