lisp/calc/README

   1 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
   2   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   3 See the end of the file for license conditions.
   4
   5
   6 This directory contains Calc, an advanced desk calculator for GNU
   7 Emacs.
   8
   9 "Calc"  Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
  10    2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  11
  12 Written by:
  13         Dave Gillespie
  14         c/o Synaptics, Inc.
  15         2698 Orchard Parkway
  16         San Jose CA 95134
  17         daveg@synaptics.com, uunet!synaptx!daveg
  18
  19 Currently maintained by:
  20      Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
  21
  22 From the introduction to the manual:
  23
  24   "Calc" is an advanced calculator and mathematical tool that runs as
  25   part of the GNU Emacs environment.  Very roughly based on the HP-28/48
  26   series of calculators, its many features include:
  27
  28     * Choice of algebraic or RPN (stack-based) entry of calculations.
  29
  30     * Arbitrary precision integers and floating-point numbers.
  31
  32     * Arithmetic on rational numbers, complex numbers (rectangular and
  33       polar), error forms with standard deviations, open and closed
  34       intervals, vectors and matrices, dates and times, infinities,
  35       sets, quantities with units, and algebraic formulas.
  36
  37     * Mathematical operations such as logarithms and trigonometric functions.
  38
  39     * Programmer's features (bitwise operations, non-decimal numbers).
  40
  41     * Financial functions such as future value and internal rate of return.
  42
  43     * Number theoretical features such as prime factorization and
  44       arithmetic modulo M for any M.
  45
  46     * Algebraic manipulation features, including symbolic calculus.
  47
  48     * Moving data to and from regular editing buffers.
  49
  50     * "Embedded mode" for manipulating Calc formulas and data directly
  51       inside any editing buffer.
  52
  53     * Graphics using GNUPLOT, a versatile (and free) plotting program.
  54
  55     * Easy programming using keyboard macros, algebraic formulas,
  56       algebraic rewrite rules, or extended Emacs Lisp.
  57
  58
  59 Calc is written entirely in Emacs Lisp, for maximum portability.
  60
  61 I am anxious to hear about your experiences using Calc.  Send mail to
  62 "jay.p.belanger@gmail.com".  A bug report is most useful if you include the
  63 exact input and output that occurred, any modes in effect (such as the
  64 current precision), and so on.  If you find Calc is difficult to operate
  65 in any way, or if you have other suggestions, don't hesitate to let me
  66 know.  If you find errors (including simple typos) in the manual, let
  67 me know.  Even if you find no bugs at all I would love to hear your
  68 opinions.
  69
  70
  71
  72 Summary of changes to "Calc"
  73 ------- -- ------- --  ----
  74
  75 Emacs 24.1
  76
  77 * Gave `calc-histogram' the option of using a vector to determine the bins.
  78
  79 * Added "O" option prefix.
  80
  81 * Used "O" prefix to "d r" (`calc-radix') to turn on twos-complement mode.
  82
  83 Emacs 23.2
  84
  85 * Added twos-complement display.
  86
  87 Emacs 23.1:
  88
  89 * Gave `j *' (cal-sel-mult-both-sides) an option to expand the
  90   denominator.
  91
  92 * Use `calc-embedded-word-regexp' for finding words in
  93   `calc-embedded-word' in place of delimiters.
  94
  95 * Remove version numbering; use Emacs version for reference.
  96
  97 * Added support for using registers.
  98
  99 * Added support for Yacas, Maxima and Giac languages.
 100
 101 * Added a menu.
 102
 103 * Added logistic non-linear curves to curve-fitting.
 104
 105 * Added option of plotting data points and curve when curve-fitting.
 106
 107 * Made unit conversions exact when possible.
 108
 109 * Lowered the precedence of negation.
 110
 111 Version 2.1:
 112
 113 * New matrix mode for square matrices.  Improved handling of
 114   non-commutative products.
 115
 116 * New functions: powerexpand and ldiv.
 117
 118 * Added new functions: sec, csc, cot, sech, csch, coth.
 119
 120 * 0^0 now evaluates to 1.
 121
 122 * Added a new language mode for LaTeX.
 123
 124 * Calc now tries to use an appropriate language mode in embedded mode.
 125
 126 * Calc now restores original modes when leaving embedded mode.
 127
 128 * User settable variables which are not set with keystrokes are now
 129   customizable.
 130
 131 * Made ~/.calc.el the default Calc settings file.
 132
 133 * Miscellaneous updates and bugfixes.
 134
 135 \f
 136 Version 2.02f:
 137
 138  * Fixed a bug which broke `I', `H', `K' prefix keys in recent Emacs.
 139
 140  * Fixed a bug in calc.texinfo which prevented "make tex2" from working.
 141
 142  * Updated `C-y' (calc-yank) to understand Emacs 19 generalized kill ring.
 143
 144  * Added a copy of "calccard.tex", the Calc quick reference card.
 145
 146 \f
 147 Version 2.02e:
 148
 149  * Fixed an installation bug caused by recent changes to `write-region'.
 150
 151 \f
 152 Version 2.02d:
 153
 154  * Fixed a minor installation problem with a Emacs 19.29 byte-compiler bug.
 155
 156  * Removed archaic "macedit" package (superseded by "edmacro").
 157
 158 \f
 159 Version 2.02c:
 160
 161  * Patch to port Calc to Lucid Emacs 19; still works with GNU 18 and GNU 19.
 162
 163  * Fixed a bug that broke `C-x C-c' after Calc graphics had been used.
 164
 165 \f
 166 Version 2.02b:
 167
 168  * Minor patch to port Calc to GNU Emacs 19.  Will be superseded by Calc 3.00.
 169
 170 \f
 171 Version 2.02:
 172
 173  * Revamped the manual a bit; rearranged some sections.
 174
 175  * Added marginal notes for Key/Function Index refs in printed manual.
 176
 177  * Changed `M-# r' to deal more gracefully with blank lines.
 178
 179  * Made reductions like `V R +' and `M-# :' considerably faster.
 180
 181  * Improved parsing and display of cases like "[a + b]".
 182
 183  * Added `t +' and `t -' for doing business date arithmetic.
 184
 185  * Added "syntax tables," the opposite of compositions.
 186
 187  * Added another Rewrites Tutorial exercise.
 188
 189  * Added the "vmatches" function.
 190
 191  * Added the `Modes' variable and `m g' command.
 192
 193  * Improved `u s' to cancel, e.g., "11 mph hr / yd" to get a number.
 194
 195  * Added "quick units" commands "u 0" through "u 9".
 196
 197  * Moved `M-%' to calc.el to avoid autoloading problems.
 198
 199  * Added `M-=' during algebraic entry, acts like `RET ='.
 200
 201  * Made `LFD' prevent evaluation when finishing a calc-edit command.
 202
 203  * Changed calc-store commands to use `t .' mode for trail display.
 204
 205  * Improved integrator to understand forms involving "erf".
 206
 207  * Fixed parser to make sense of "[1....1e2]" input.
 208
 209  * Fixed FORTRAN parser to treat a(i,j) as a_i_j if a is declared matrix.
 210
 211  * Got rid of some version number stamps to reduce size of patches.
 212
 213  * Fixed a bug in defmath treating "<=" and ">=" predicates.
 214
 215  * Fixed a bug in which Calc crashed multiplying two date forms.
 216
 217  * Fixed a bug in line breaker that crashed for large, nested formulas.
 218
 219  * Fixed a bug using ` to edit string("foo").
 220
 221  * Fixed a bug where `M-# y' in Big mode copied stack level number.
 222
 223  * Fixed a bug where `g O' used wrong default directory, no completion.
 224
 225  * Fixed a bug where "foo_bar(i)" parsed in C mode but showed as foo#bar.
 226
 227  * Fixed several bugs where large calculations got "computation too long."
 228
 229 \f
 230 Version 2.01:
 231
 232  * Added percentage commands `M-%', `b %', and `c %'.
 233
 234  * Changed Big mode to force radix-10 in superscripts.
 235
 236  * Improved display of fractions in various language modes.
 237
 238  * Changed `a n' to work properly with equations and inequalities.
 239
 240  * The problem with cross references to Index nodes in TeX has been fixed.
 241
 242  * Fixed a bug where recursive esc-maps make calc-ext/-aent unloadable.
 243
 244  * Fixed a bug in `M-# k', then `OFF' right away, with fresh Emacs.
 245
 246  * Fixed a bug in which "S_i_j" was formatted wrong after `j s'.
 247
 248  * Fixed a bug in which `h k u c' positioned cursor on wrong line.
 249
 250  * Fixed a bug where `z ?' crashed if `z %' was defined.
 251
 252  * Fixed a bug in `j O' (calc-select-once-maybe).
 253
 254  * Fixed "make private" not to ask "Delete excess versions" and crash.
 255
 256 \f
 257 Version 2.00:
 258
 259  * First complete posting of Calc since 1.01.
 260
 261  * Most parts of Calc have seen changes since version 1.07.  See
 262    section "New for Calc 2.00" in the manual for a summary.  In
 263    the FTP version of the Calc distribution, the file README.prev
 264    contains a detailed change history from 1.00 up to 2.00.
 265
 266 \f
 267 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
 268
 269 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 270 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 271 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 272 (at your option) any later version.
 273
 274 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 275 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 276 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 277 GNU General Public License for more details.
 278
 279 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 280 along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.