src/frame.h

   1 /* Define frame-object for GNU Emacs.
   2    Copyright (C) 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   3
   4 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
   5
   6 GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
   9 any later version.
  10
  11 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  14 GNU General Public License for more details.
  15
  16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  17 along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
  18 the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  19 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
  20
  21 \f
  22 /* Miscellanea.  */
  23
  24 /* Nonzero means don't assume anything about current
  25    contents of actual terminal frame */
  26 extern int frame_garbaged;
  27
  28 /* Nonzero means FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF (selected_frame) is being used by
  29    print.  */
  30 extern int message_buf_print;
  31
  32 \f
  33 /* The structure representing a frame.  */
  34
  35 enum output_method
  36 { output_termcap, output_x_window, output_msdos_raw, output_w32 };
  37
  38 enum vertical_scroll_bar_type
  39 { vertical_scroll_bar_none, vertical_scroll_bar_left, vertical_scroll_bar_right };
  40
  41 struct frame
  42 {
  43   EMACS_INT size;
  44   struct Lisp_Vector *next;
  45
  46   /* All Lisp_Object components must come first.
  47      Only EMACS_INT values can be intermixed with them.
  48      That ensures they are all aligned normally.  */
  49
  50   /* Name of this frame: a Lisp string.  It is used for looking up resources,
  51      as well as for the title in some cases.  */
  52   Lisp_Object name;
  53
  54   /* The name to use for the icon, the last time
  55      it was refreshed.  nil means not explicitly specified.  */
  56   Lisp_Object icon_name;
  57
  58   /* This is the frame title specified explicitly, if any.
  59      Usually it is nil.  */
  60   Lisp_Object title;
  61
  62   /* The frame which should receive keystrokes that occur in this
  63      frame, or nil if they should go to the frame itself.  This is
  64      usually nil, but if the frame is minibufferless, we can use this
  65      to redirect keystrokes to a surrogate minibuffer frame when
  66      needed.
  67
  68      Note that a value of nil is different than having the field point
  69      to the frame itself.  Whenever the Fselect_frame function is used
  70      to shift from one frame to the other, any redirections to the
  71      original frame are shifted to the newly selected frame; if
  72      focus_frame is nil, Fselect_frame will leave it alone.  */
  73   Lisp_Object focus_frame;
  74
  75   /* This frame's root window.  Every frame has one.
  76      If the frame has only a minibuffer window, this is it.
  77      Otherwise, if the frame has a minibuffer window, this is its sibling.  */
  78   Lisp_Object root_window;
  79
  80   /* This frame's selected window.
  81      Each frame has its own window hierarchy
  82      and one of the windows in it is selected within the frame.
  83      The selected window of the selected frame is Emacs's selected window.  */
  84   Lisp_Object selected_window;
  85
  86   /* This frame's minibuffer window.
  87      Most frames have their own minibuffer windows,
  88      but only the selected frame's minibuffer window
  89      can actually appear to exist.  */
  90   Lisp_Object minibuffer_window;
  91
  92   /* Parameter alist of this frame.
  93      These are the parameters specified when creating the frame
  94      or modified with modify-frame-parameters.  */
  95   Lisp_Object param_alist;
  96
  97   /* List of scroll bars on this frame.
  98      Actually, we don't specify exactly what is stored here at all; the
  99      scroll bar implementation code can use it to store anything it likes.
 100      This field is marked by the garbage collector.  It is here
 101      instead of in the `display' structure so that the garbage
 102      collector doesn't need to look inside the window-system-dependent
 103      structure.  */
 104   Lisp_Object scroll_bars;
 105   Lisp_Object condemned_scroll_bars;
 106
 107   /* Vector describing the items to display in the menu bar.
 108      Each item has four elements in this vector.
 109      They are KEY, STRING, SUBMAP, and HPOS.
 110      (HPOS is not used in when the X toolkit is in use.)
 111      There are four additional elements of nil at the end, to terminate.  */
 112   Lisp_Object menu_bar_items;
 113
 114   /* Alist of elements (FACE-NAME . FACE-VECTOR-DATA).  */
 115   Lisp_Object face_alist;
 116
 117   /* A vector that records the entire structure of this frame's menu bar.
 118      For the format of the data, see extensive comments in xmenu.c.
 119      Only the X toolkit version uses this.  */
 120   Lisp_Object menu_bar_vector;
 121   /* Number of elements in the vector that have meaningful data.  */
 122   EMACS_INT menu_bar_items_used;
 123
 124   /* Predicate for selecting buffers for other-buffer.  */
 125   Lisp_Object buffer_predicate;
 126
 127   /* List of buffers viewed in this frame, for other-buffer.  */
 128   Lisp_Object buffer_list;
 129
 130   /* beyond here, there should be no more Lisp_Object components.  */
 131
 132
 133   /* A buffer to hold the frame's name.  We can't use the Lisp string's
 134      pointer (`name', above) because it might get relocated.  */
 135   char *namebuf;
 136
 137   /* glyphs as they appear on the frame */
 138   struct frame_glyphs *current_glyphs;
 139
 140   /* glyphs we'd like to appear on the frame */
 141   struct frame_glyphs *desired_glyphs;
 142
 143   /* See do_line_insertion_deletion_costs for info on these arrays. */
 144   /* Cost of inserting 1 line on this frame */
 145   int *insert_line_cost;
 146   /* Cost of deleting 1 line on this frame */
 147   int *delete_line_cost;
 148   /* Cost of inserting n lines on this frame */
 149   int *insert_n_lines_cost;
 150   /* Cost of deleting n lines on this frame */
 151   int *delete_n_lines_cost;
 152
 153   /* glyphs for the mode line */
 154   struct frame_glyphs *temp_glyphs;
 155
 156   /* Intended cursor position of this frame.
 157      Measured in characters, counting from upper left corner
 158      within the frame.  */
 159   int cursor_x;
 160   int cursor_y;
 161
 162   /* Actual cursor position of this frame, and the character under it.
 163      (Not used for terminal frames.)  */
 164   int phys_cursor_x;
 165   int phys_cursor_y;
 166   /* This is handy for undrawing the cursor, because current_glyphs is
 167      not always accurate when in do_scrolling.  */
 168   GLYPH phys_cursor_glyph;
 169   /* Nonzero means the cursor is displayed.  */
 170   int phys_cursor_on;
 171
 172   /* Size of this frame, in units of characters.  */
 173   EMACS_INT height;
 174   EMACS_INT width;
 175   EMACS_INT window_width;
 176
 177   /* New height and width for pending size change.  0 if no change pending.  */
 178   int new_height, new_width;
 179
 180   /* The output method says how the contents of this frame
 181      are displayed.  It could be using termcap, or using an X window.  */
 182   enum output_method output_method;
 183
 184   /* A structure of auxiliary data used for displaying the contents.
 185      struct x_output is used for X window frames;
 186      it is defined in xterm.h.
 187      struct w32_output is used for W32 window frames;
 188      it is defined in w32term.h.  */
 189   union output_data { struct x_output *x; struct w32_output *w32; int nothing; } output_data;
 190
 191 #ifdef MULTI_KBOARD
 192   /* A pointer to the kboard structure associated with this frame.
 193      For termcap frames, this points to initial_kboard.  For X frames,
 194      it will be the same as display.x->display_info->kboard.  */
 195   struct kboard *kboard;
 196 #endif
 197
 198   /* Number of lines of menu bar.  */
 199   int menu_bar_lines;
 200
 201 #if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (HAVE_NTGUI)
 202   /* Nonzero means using a menu bar that comes from the X toolkit.  */
 203   int external_menu_bar;
 204 #endif
 205
 206   /* Nonzero if last attempt at redisplay on this frame was preempted.  */
 207   char display_preempted;
 208
 209   /* visible is nonzero if the frame is currently displayed; we check
 210      it to see if we should bother updating the frame's contents.
 211      DON'T SET IT DIRECTLY; instead, use FRAME_SET_VISIBLE.
 212
 213      Note that, since invisible frames aren't updated, whenever a
 214      frame becomes visible again, it must be marked as garbaged.  The
 215      FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY macro takes care of this.
 216
 217      On Windows NT/9X, to avoid wasting effort updating visible frames
 218      that are actually completely obscured by other windows on the
 219      display, we bend the meaning of visible slightly: if greater than
 220      1, then the frame is obscured - we still consider it to be
 221      "visible" as seen from lisp, but we don't bother updating it.  We
 222      must take care to garbage the frame when it ceaces to be obscured
 223      though.  Note that these semantics are only used on NT/9X.
 224
 225      iconified is nonzero if the frame is currently iconified.
 226
 227      Asynchronous input handlers should NOT change these directly;
 228      instead, they should change async_visible or async_iconified, and
 229      let the FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY macro set visible and iconified
 230      at the next redisplay.
 231
 232      These should probably be considered read-only by everyone except
 233      FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY.
 234
 235      These two are mutually exclusive.  They might both be zero, if the
 236      frame has been made invisible without an icon.  */
 237   char visible, iconified;
 238
 239   /* Asynchronous input handlers change these, and
 240      FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY copies them into visible and iconified.
 241      See FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY, below.  */
 242 #ifdef __STDC__
 243   volatile
 244 #endif
 245   char async_visible, async_iconified;
 246
 247   /* Nonzero if this frame should be redrawn.  */
 248 #ifdef __STDC__
 249   volatile
 250 #endif
 251   char garbaged;
 252
 253   /* True if frame actually has a minibuffer window on it.
 254      0 if using a minibuffer window that isn't on this frame.  */
 255   char has_minibuffer;
 256
 257   /* 0 means, if this frame has just one window,
 258      show no modeline for that window.  */
 259   char wants_modeline;
 260
 261   /* Non-zero if the hardware device this frame is displaying on can
 262      support scroll bars.  */
 263   char can_have_scroll_bars;
 264
 265   /* If can_have_scroll_bars is non-zero, this is non-zero if we should
 266      actually display them on this frame.  */
 267   enum vertical_scroll_bar_type vertical_scroll_bar_type;
 268
 269   /* Non-0 means raise this frame to the top of the heap when selected.  */
 270   char auto_raise;
 271
 272   /* Non-0 means lower this frame to the bottom of the stack when left.  */
 273   char auto_lower;
 274
 275   /* True if frame's root window can't be split.  */
 276   char no_split;
 277
 278   /* If this is set, then Emacs won't change the frame name to indicate
 279      the current buffer, etcetera.  If the user explicitly sets the frame
 280      name, this gets set.  If the user sets the name to Qnil, this is
 281      cleared.  */
 282   char explicit_name;
 283
 284   /* Nonzero if size of some window on this frame has changed.  */
 285   char window_sizes_changed;
 286
 287   /* Storage for messages to this frame. */
 288   char *message_buf;
 289
 290   /* Nonnegative if current redisplay should not do scroll computation
 291      for lines beyond a certain vpos.  This is the vpos.  */
 292   int scroll_bottom_vpos;
 293
 294   /* Width of the scroll bar, in pixels and in characters.
 295      scroll_bar_cols tracks scroll_bar_pixel_width if the latter is positive;
 296      a zero value in scroll_bar_pixel_width means to compute the actual width
 297      on the fly, using scroll_bar_cols and the current font width.  */
 298   int scroll_bar_pixel_width;
 299   int scroll_bar_cols;
 300
 301   /* The baud rate that was used to calculate costs for this frame.  */
 302   int cost_calculation_baud_rate;
 303
 304   /* A pointer to the data structure containing all information of
 305      fontsets associated with this frame.  See the comments in
 306      fontset.h for more detail.  */
 307   struct fontset_data *fontset_data;
 308
 309   /* Nonzero if the mouse has moved on this display
 310      since the last time we checked.  */
 311   char mouse_moved;
 312 };
 313
 314 #ifdef MULTI_KBOARD
 315 #define FRAME_KBOARD(f) ((f)->kboard)
 316 #else
 317 #define FRAME_KBOARD(f) (&the_only_kboard)
 318 #endif
 319
 320 typedef struct frame *FRAME_PTR;
 321
 322 #define XFRAME(p) ((struct frame *) XPNTR (p))
 323 #define XSETFRAME(a, b) (XSETPSEUDOVECTOR (a, b, PVEC_FRAME))
 324
 325 #define WINDOW_FRAME(w) (w)->frame
 326
 327 #define FRAME_X_P(f) ((f)->output_method == output_x_window)
 328 #define FRAME_W32_P(f) ((f)->output_method == output_w32)
 329 #define FRAME_MSDOS_P(f) ((f)->output_method == output_msdos_raw)
 330
 331 /* FRAME_WINDOW_P tests whether the frame is a window, and is
 332    defined to be the predicate for the window system being used.  */
 333 #ifdef HAVE_X_WINDOWS
 334 #define FRAME_WINDOW_P(f) FRAME_X_P (f)
 335 #endif
 336 #ifdef HAVE_NTGUI
 337 #define FRAME_WINDOW_P(f) FRAME_W32_P (f)
 338 #endif
 339 #ifndef FRAME_WINDOW_P
 340 #define FRAME_WINDOW_P(f) (0)
 341 #endif
 342
 343 #define FRAME_LIVE_P(f) ((f)->output_data.nothing != 0)
 344 #define FRAME_TERMCAP_P(f) ((f)->output_method == output_termcap)
 345 #define FRAME_MINIBUF_ONLY_P(f) \
 346   EQ (FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW (f), FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (f))
 347 #define FRAME_HAS_MINIBUF_P(f) ((f)->has_minibuffer)
 348 #define FRAME_CURRENT_GLYPHS(f) (f)->current_glyphs
 349 #define FRAME_DESIRED_GLYPHS(f) (f)->desired_glyphs
 350 #define FRAME_TEMP_GLYPHS(f) (f)->temp_glyphs
 351 #define FRAME_HEIGHT(f) (f)->height
 352 #define FRAME_WIDTH(f) (f)->width
 353 #define FRAME_NEW_HEIGHT(f) (f)->new_height
 354 #define FRAME_NEW_WIDTH(f) (f)->new_width
 355 #define FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES(f) (f)->menu_bar_lines
 356 #if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (HAVE_NTGUI)
 357 #define FRAME_EXTERNAL_MENU_BAR(f) (f)->external_menu_bar
 358 #else
 359 #define FRAME_EXTERNAL_MENU_BAR(f) 0
 360 #endif
 361 #define FRAME_CURSOR_X(f) (f)->cursor_x
 362 #define FRAME_CURSOR_Y(f) (f)->cursor_y
 363 #define FRAME_VISIBLE_P(f) ((f)->visible != 0)
 364 #define FRAME_OBSCURED_P(f) ((f)->visible > 1)
 365 #define FRAME_SET_VISIBLE(f,p) \
 366   ((f)->async_visible = (p), FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY (f))
 367 #define SET_FRAME_GARBAGED(f) (frame_garbaged = 1, f->garbaged = 1)
 368 #define FRAME_GARBAGED_P(f) (f)->garbaged
 369 #define FRAME_NO_SPLIT_P(f) (f)->no_split
 370 #define FRAME_WANTS_MODELINE_P(f) (f)->wants_modeline
 371 #define FRAME_ICONIFIED_P(f) (f)->iconified
 372 #define FRAME_WINDOW_SIZES_CHANGED(f) (f)->window_sizes_changed
 373 #define FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW(f) (f)->minibuffer_window
 374 #define FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW(f) (f)->root_window
 375 #define FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW(f) (f)->selected_window
 376 #define SET_GLYPHS_FRAME(glyphs,frame) ((glyphs)->frame = (frame))
 377 #define FRAME_INSERT_COST(f) (f)->insert_line_cost
 378 #define FRAME_DELETE_COST(f) (f)->delete_line_cost
 379 #define FRAME_INSERTN_COST(f) (f)->insert_n_lines_cost
 380 #define FRAME_DELETEN_COST(f) (f)->delete_n_lines_cost
 381 #define FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF(f) (f)->message_buf
 382 #define FRAME_SCROLL_BOTTOM_VPOS(f) (f)->scroll_bottom_vpos
 383 #define FRAME_FOCUS_FRAME(f) (f)->focus_frame
 384 #define FRAME_CAN_HAVE_SCROLL_BARS(f) ((f)->can_have_scroll_bars)
 385 #define FRAME_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR_TYPE(f) ((f)->vertical_scroll_bar_type)
 386 #define FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS(f) \
 387      ((f)->vertical_scroll_bar_type != vertical_scroll_bar_none)
 388 #define FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS_ON_LEFT(f) \
 389      ((f)->vertical_scroll_bar_type == vertical_scroll_bar_left)
 390 #define FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS_ON_RIGHT(f) \
 391      ((f)->vertical_scroll_bar_type == vertical_scroll_bar_right)
 392 #define FRAME_SCROLL_BAR_PIXEL_WIDTH(f) ((f)->scroll_bar_pixel_width)
 393 #define FRAME_SCROLL_BAR_COLS(f) ((f)->scroll_bar_cols)
 394 #define FRAME_LEFT_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH(f) \
 395      (FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS_ON_LEFT (f) \
 396       ? FRAME_SCROLL_BAR_COLS (f) \
 397       : 0)
 398 #define FRAME_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH(f) \
 399      (FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS (f) \
 400       ? FRAME_SCROLL_BAR_COLS (f) \
 401       : 0)
 402 #define FRAME_WINDOW_WIDTH_ARG(f, width) \
 403      ((width) + FRAME_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH (f))
 404 #define FRAME_WINDOW_WIDTH(f) ((f)->window_width)
 405 #define SET_FRAME_WIDTH(f,val) ((f)->width = (val), (f)->window_width = FRAME_WINDOW_WIDTH_ARG (f, (f)->width))
 406 #define FRAME_SCROLL_BARS(f) ((f)->scroll_bars)
 407 #define FRAME_CONDEMNED_SCROLL_BARS(f) ((f)->condemned_scroll_bars)
 408 #define FRAME_MENU_BAR_ITEMS(f) ((f)->menu_bar_items)
 409 #define FRAME_COST_BAUD_RATE(f) ((f)->cost_calculation_baud_rate)
 410 #define FRAME_FONTSET_DATA(f) ((f)->fontset_data)
 411
 412 /* Return the size of message_buf of the frame F.  We multiply the
 413    width of the frame by 4 because multi-byte form may require at most
 414    4-byte for a character.  */
 415 #define FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF_SIZE(f) (((int) (f)->width) * 4)
 416
 417 /* Emacs's redisplay code could become confused if a frame's
 418    visibility changes at arbitrary times.  For example, if a frame is
 419    visible while the desired glyphs are being built, but becomes
 420    invisible before they are updated, then some rows of the
 421    desired_glyphs will be left marked as enabled after redisplay is
 422    complete, which should never happen.  The next time the frame
 423    becomes visible, redisplay will probably barf.
 424
 425    Currently, there are no similar situations involving iconified, but
 426    the principle is the same.
 427
 428    So instead of having asynchronous input handlers directly set and
 429    clear the frame's visibility and iconification flags, they just set
 430    the async_visible and async_iconified flags; the redisplay code
 431    calls the FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY macro before doing any redisplay,
 432    which sets visible and iconified from their asynchronous
 433    counterparts.
 434
 435    Synchronous code must use the FRAME_SET_VISIBLE macro.
 436
 437    Also, if a frame used to be invisible, but has just become visible,
 438    it must be marked as garbaged, since redisplay hasn't been keeping
 439    up its contents.  */
 440 #define FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY(f) \
 441   (((f)->async_visible && (f)->visible != (f)->async_visible) ? \
 442    SET_FRAME_GARBAGED (f) : 0, \
 443    (f)->visible = (f)->async_visible, \
 444    (f)->iconified = (f)->async_iconified)
 445
 446 #define CHECK_FRAME(x, i)                               \
 447   {                                                     \
 448     if (! FRAMEP (x))                                   \
 449       x = wrong_type_argument (Qframep, (x));           \
 450   }
 451
 452 #define CHECK_LIVE_FRAME(x, i)                          \
 453   {                                                     \
 454     if (! FRAMEP (x)                                    \
 455         || ! FRAME_LIVE_P (XFRAME (x)))         \
 456       x = wrong_type_argument (Qframe_live_p, (x));     \
 457   }
 458
 459 /* FOR_EACH_FRAME (LIST_VAR, FRAME_VAR) followed by a statement is a
 460    `for' loop which iterates over the elements of Vframe_list.  The
 461    loop will set FRAME_VAR, a Lisp_Object, to each frame in
 462    Vframe_list in succession and execute the statement.  LIST_VAR
 463    should be a Lisp_Object too; it is used to iterate through the
 464    Vframe_list.
 465
 466    This macro is a holdover from a time when multiple frames weren't always
 467    supported.  An alternate definition of the macro would expand to
 468    something which executes the statement once.  */
 469 #define FOR_EACH_FRAME(list_var, frame_var)                     \
 470   for ((list_var) = Vframe_list;                                \
 471        (CONSP (list_var)                                        \
 472         && (frame_var = XCONS (list_var)->car, 1));             \
 473        list_var = XCONS (list_var)->cdr)
 474
 475
 476 extern Lisp_Object Qframep, Qframe_live_p, Qicon;
 477
 478 extern struct frame *selected_frame;
 479 extern struct frame *last_nonminibuf_frame;
 480
 481 extern struct frame *make_terminal_frame P_ ((void));
 482 extern struct frame *make_frame P_ ((int));
 483 #ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
 484 extern struct frame *make_minibuffer_frame P_ ((void));
 485 extern struct frame *make_frame_without_minibuffer P_ ((Lisp_Object,
 486                                                         struct kboard *,
 487                                                         Lisp_Object));
 488 #endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */
 489 extern int other_visible_frames P_ ((struct frame *));
 490
 491 extern Lisp_Object Vframe_list;
 492 extern Lisp_Object Vdefault_frame_alist;
 493
 494 extern Lisp_Object Vterminal_frame;
 495 \f
 496 /* Device-independent scroll bar stuff.  */
 497
 498 /* Return the starting column (zero-based) of the vertical scroll bar
 499    for window W.  The column before this one is the last column we can
 500    use for text.  If the window touches the right edge of the frame,
 501    we have extra space allocated for it.  Otherwise, the scroll bar
 502    takes over the window's rightmost columns.  */
 503 #define WINDOW_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR_COLUMN(w) \
 504   (FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS_ON_RIGHT (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w))) ? \
 505     (((XINT ((w)->left) + XINT ((w)->width)) \
 506       < FRAME_WIDTH (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w)))) \
 507      ? (XINT ((w)->left) + XINT ((w)->width) \
 508        - FRAME_SCROLL_BAR_COLS (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w)))) \
 509      : FRAME_WIDTH (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w)))) \
 510   : XINT ((w)->left))
 511
 512 /* Return the height in lines of the vertical scroll bar in w.  If the
 513    window has a mode line, don't make the scroll bar extend that far.  */
 514 #define WINDOW_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR_HEIGHT(w) (window_internal_height (w))