lisp/language/ethio-util.el

   1 ;;; ethio-util.el --- utilities for Ethiopic -*- coding: iso-2022-7bit; -*-
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 1997, 2001 Electrotechnical Laboratory, JAPAN.
   4 ;; Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
   5
   6 ;; Keywords: mule, multilingual, Ethiopic
   7
   8 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
   9
  10 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  12 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  13 ;; any later version.
  14
  15 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  16 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  17 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  18 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  19
  20 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  21 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
  22 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  23 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  24
  25 ;; Author: TAKAHASHI Naoto <ntakahas@m17n.org>
  26
  27 ;;; Commentary:
  28
  29 ;;; Code:
  30
  31 ;; Information for exiting Ethiopic environment.
  32 (defvar exit-ethiopic-environment-data nil)
  33
  34 ;;;###autoload
  35 (defun setup-ethiopic-environment-internal ()
  36   (let ((key-bindings '((" " . ethio-insert-space)
  37                         ([?\S- ] . ethio-insert-ethio-space)
  38                         ([?\C-'] . ethio-gemination)
  39
  40                         ;; these old bindings conflict
  41                         ;; with Emacs' binding policy
  42
  43                         ;; ([f2] . ethio-toggle-space)
  44                         ;; ([S-f2] . ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
  45                         ;; ([f3] . ethio-toggle-punctuation)
  46                         ;; ([f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
  47                         ;; ([S-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
  48                         ;; ([C-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
  49                         ;; ([f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
  50                         ;; ([S-f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
  51                         ;; ([C-f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
  52                         ;; ([f6] . ethio-modify-vowel)
  53                         ;; ([f7] . ethio-replace-space)
  54                         ;; ([f8] . ethio-input-special-character)
  55
  56                         ;; this is the rewritten bindings
  57
  58                         ([f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
  59                         ([S-f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
  60                         ([C-f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
  61                         ([f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
  62                         ([S-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
  63                         ([C-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
  64                         ([S-f5] . ethio-toggle-punctuation)
  65                         ([S-f6] . ethio-modify-vowel)
  66                         ([S-f7] . ethio-replace-space)
  67                         ([S-f8] . ethio-input-special-character)
  68                         ([C-f9] . ethio-toggle-space)
  69                         ([S-f9] . ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
  70                         ))
  71         kb)
  72     (while key-bindings
  73       (setq kb (car (car key-bindings)))
  74       (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  75             (cons (cons kb (global-key-binding kb))
  76                   exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
  77       (global-set-key kb (cdr (car key-bindings)))
  78       (setq key-bindings (cdr key-bindings))))
  79
  80   (add-hook 'quail-activate-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
  81   (add-hook 'find-file-hook 'ethio-find-file)
  82   (add-hook 'write-file-functions 'ethio-write-file)
  83   (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
  84
  85 (defun exit-ethiopic-environment ()
  86   "Exit Ethiopic language environment."
  87   (while exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  88     (global-set-key (car (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
  89                     (cdr (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
  90     (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  91           (cdr exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
  92
  93   (remove-hook 'quail-activate-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
  94   (remove-hook 'find-file-hook 'ethio-find-file)
  95   (remove-hook 'write-file-functions 'ethio-write-file)
  96   (remove-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
  97
  98 ;;
  99 ;; ETHIOPIC UTILITY FUNCTIONS
 100 ;;
 101
 102 ;; If the filename ends in ".sera", editing is done in fidel
 103 ;; but file I/O is done in SERA.
 104 ;;
 105 ;; If the filename ends in ".java", editing is done in fidel
 106 ;; but file I/O is done in the \uXXXX style, where XXXX is
 107 ;; the Unicode codepoint for the Ethiopic character.
 108 ;;
 109 ;; If the filename ends in ".tex", editing is done in fidel
 110 ;; but file I/O is done in EthioTeX format.
 111 ;;
 112 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when sending mail,
 113 ;;   (add-hook 'mail-send-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
 114 ;;
 115 ;; To automatically convert SERA format to Ethiopic when receiving mail,
 116 ;;   (add-hook 'rmail-show-message-hook 'ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail)
 117 ;;
 118 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when posting news,
 119 ;;   (add-hook 'news-inews-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
 120
 121 ;;
 122 ;; users' preference
 123 ;;
 124
 125 (defvar ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna
 126   "*Symbol that defines the primary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 127 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 128
 129 (defvar ethio-secondary-language 'english
 130   "*Symbol that defines the secondary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 131 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 132
 133 (defvar ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil
 134   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic colon.
 135 If nil, associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic word separator, i.e., two
 136 vertically stacked dots.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this
 137 variable.")
 138
 139 (defvar ethio-use-three-dot-question nil
 140   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic old style question mark (three vertically stacked dots).
 141 If nil, associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic stylised question
 142 mark.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this variable.")
 143
 144 (defvar ethio-quote-vowel-always nil
 145   "*Non-nil means always put an apostrophe before an isolated vowel (except at word initial) in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.
 146 If nil, put an apostrophe only between a sixth-form consonant and an
 147 isolated vowel.")
 148
 149 (defvar ethio-W-sixth-always nil
 150   "*Non-nil means convert the Wu-form of a 12-form consonant to \"W'\" instead of \"Wu\" in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.")
 151
 152 (defvar ethio-numeric-reduction 0
 153   "*Degree of reduction in converting Ethiopic digits into Arabic digits.
 154 Should be 0, 1 or 2.
 155 For example, ({10}{9}{100}{80}{7}) is converted into:
 156     `10`9`100`80`7  if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 0,
 157     `109100807      if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 1,
 158     `10900807       if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 2.")
 159
 160 (defvar ethio-implicit-period-conversion t
 161   "*Non-nil means replacing the Ethiopic dot at the end of an Ethiopic sentence
 162 with an Ethiopic full stop.")
 163
 164 (defvar ethio-java-save-lowercase nil
 165   "*Non-nil means save Ethiopic characters in lowercase hex numbers to Java files.
 166 If nil, use uppercases.")
 167
 168 ;;
 169 ;; SERA to FIDEL
 170 ;;
 171
 172 (defconst ethio-sera-to-fidel-table
 173   [
 174    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 175    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 176 ;;; SP
 177    (" "
 178     (?: (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 179         (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 180         (?- " \e$(3$m\e(B")
 181         (?: " \e$(3$i\e(B")
 182         (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B|" " \e$(3$h\e(B|")
 183             (?: " \e$(3$o\e(B"))))
 184
 185 ;;; !   "   #   $   %   &    '
 186    nil nil nil nil nil nil ("" (?' "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
 187 ;;; (   )   *   +    ,      -               .
 188    nil nil nil nil ("\e$(3$j\e(B") ("-" (?: "\e$(3$l\e(B")) ("\e$(3%u\e(B")
 189 ;;;  /   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
 190     nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 191 ;;; :
 192    ((if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 193     (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 194     (?- "\e$(3$m\e(B")
 195     (?: "\e$(3$i\e(B")
 196     (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B|" "\e$(3$h\e(B|")
 197         (?: "\e$(3$o\e(B")))
 198 ;;;  ;      <              =    >
 199    ("\e$(3$k\e(B") ("<" (?< "\e$(3%v\e(B")) nil (">" (?> "\e$(3%w\e(B"))
 200 ;;; ?
 201    ((if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3$n\e(B" "\e$(3%x\e(B"))
 202 ;;; @
 203     nil
 204 ;;; A
 205    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 206 ;;; B
 207    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 208          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 209 ;;; C
 210    ("\e$(3$4\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$/\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$0\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$1\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$2\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$3\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$5\e(B")
 211          (?W "\e$(3$6\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$6\e(B")
 212                   (?e "\e$(3$4%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$4%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$4%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$4%q\e(B")))
 213 ;;; D
 214    ("\e$(3#b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#]\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#^\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#_\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#`\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#a\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#c\e(B")
 215          (?W "\e$(3#d\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#d\e(B")
 216                   (?e "\e$(3#b%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#b%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#b%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#b%q\e(B")))
 217 ;;; E
 218    ("\e$(3"g\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#9\e(B"))
 219 ;;; F
 220    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 221          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 222          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 223 ;;; G
 224    ("\e$(3$$\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#}\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$!\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$"\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$#\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$%\e(B")
 225          (?W "\e$(3%c\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%c\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%S\e(B")))
 226 ;;; H
 227    ("\e$(3!6\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!2\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!3\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!4\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!5\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!7\e(B")
 228          (?W "\e$(3!8\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!8\e(B")
 229                   (?e "\e$(3!6%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!6%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!6%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!6%q\e(B")))
 230 ;;; I
 231    ("\e$(3"h\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#:\e(B"))
 232 ;;; J
 233    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 234          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 235                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 236 ;;; K
 237    ("\e$(3#"\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"{\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"|\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"}\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"~\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#!\e(B") (?o "\e$(3##\e(B")
 238          (?W "\e$(3#*\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#%\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#'\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#(\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#)\e(B")))
 239 ;;; L
 240    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 241          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 242                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 243 ;;; M
 244    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 245          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 246          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 247 ;;; N
 248    ("\e$(3"`\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"[\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"\\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"]\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"_\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"a\e(B")
 249          (?W "\e$(3"b\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"b\e(B")
 250                   (?e "\e$(3"`%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"`%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"`%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"`%q\e(B")))
 251 ;;; O
 252    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 253 ;;; P
 254    ("\e$(3$<\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$7\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$8\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$9\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$:\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$;\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$=\e(B")
 255          (?W "\e$(3$>\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$>\e(B")
 256                   (?e "\e$(3$<%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$<%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$<%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$<%q\e(B")))
 257 ;;; Q
 258    ("\e$(3!v\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!s\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!t\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!u\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!w\e(B")
 259          (?W "\e$(3!~\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!{\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!|\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!}\e(B")))
 260 ;;; R
 261    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 262          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 263                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 264          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 265 ;;; S
 266    ("\e$(3$D\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$?\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$@\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$B\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$C\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$E\e(B")
 267          (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 268                   (?e "\e$(3$D%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$D%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$D%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$D%q\e(B"))
 269          (?2 "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 270              (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 271              (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 272                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B"))))
 273 ;;; T
 274    ("\e$(3$,\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$'\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$(\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$)\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$+\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$-\e(B")
 275          (?W "\e$(3$.\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$.\e(B")
 276                   (?e "\e$(3$,%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$,%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$,%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$,%q\e(B")))
 277 ;;; U
 278    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 279 ;;; V
 280    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 281          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 282                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 283 ;;; W
 284    ("\e$(3%r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B"))
 285 ;;; X
 286    ("\e$(3%N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%O\e(B"))
 287 ;;; Y
 288    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 289          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 290                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 291 ;;; Z
 292    ("\e$(3#J\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#E\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#F\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#G\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#H\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#I\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#K\e(B")
 293          (?W "\e$(3#L\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#L\e(B")
 294                   (?e "\e$(3#J%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#J%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#J%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#J%q\e(B")))
 295 ;;; [   \   ]   ^   _
 296    nil nil nil nil nil
 297 ;;; `
 298    (""
 299     (?: "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 300     (?? (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3%x\e(B" "\e$(3$n\e(B"))
 301     (?! "\e$(3%t\e(B")
 302     (?e "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?U "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#7\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#8\e(B") (?A "\e$(3#8\e(B")
 303         (?E "\e$(3#9\e(B") (?I "\e$(3#:\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#;\e(B") (?O "\e$(3#;\e(B")
 304     (?g "\e$(3%^\e(B"
 305         (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B"))
 306     (?h "\e$(3"H\e(B"
 307         (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 308                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B")))
 309     (?k "\e$(3%>\e(B"
 310         (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B"))
 311     (?s "\e$(3!F\e(B"
 312         (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 313         (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 314                    (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B")))
 315     (?S "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 316         (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 317         (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 318                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B")))
 319     (?q "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 320 ;;; a
 321    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 322 ;;; b
 323    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 324          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 325 ;;; c
 326    ("\e$(3"@\e(B" (?e "\e$(3";\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"<\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"=\e(B") (?a "\e$(3">\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"?\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"A\e(B")
 327          (?W "\e$(3"B\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"B\e(B")
 328                   (?e "\e$(3"@%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"@%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"@%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"@%q\e(B")))
 329 ;;; d
 330    ("\e$(3#Z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#U\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#V\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#W\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#X\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Y\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#[\e(B")
 331          (?W "\e$(3#\\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#\\e(B")
 332                   (?e "\e$(3#Z%o\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#Z%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#Z%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Z%q\e(B")))
 333 ;;; e
 334    ("\e$(3"c\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"j\e(B"))
 335 ;;; f
 336    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 337          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 338          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 339 ;;; g
 340    ("\e$(3#r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#m\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#s\e(B")
 341          (?W "\e$(3#z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#u\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#w\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#x\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#y\e(B"))
 342          (?2 "\e$(3%^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B")))
 343 ;;; h
 344    ("\e$(3!&\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!!\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!"\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!#\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!$\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!%\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!'\e(B")
 345          (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))
 346          (?2 "\e$(3"H\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 347                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))))
 348 ;;; i
 349    ("\e$(3"e\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#7\e(B"))
 350 ;;; j
 351    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 352          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 353                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 354 ;;; k
 355    ("\e$(3"p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"k\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"l\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"m\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"n\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"o\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"q\e(B")
 356          (?W "\e$(3"x\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"s\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"x\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"u\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"v\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"w\e(B"))
 357          (?2 "\e$(3%>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B")))
 358 ;;; l
 359    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 360          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 361                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 362 ;;; m
 363    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 364          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 365          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 366 ;;; n
 367    ("\e$(3"X\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"S\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"T\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"U\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"W\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"Y\e(B")
 368          (?W "\e$(3"Z\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"Z\e(B")
 369                   (?e "\e$(3"X%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"X%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"X%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"X%q\e(B")))
 370 ;;; o
 371    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 372 ;;; p
 373    ("\e$(3$\\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$W\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$X\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Y\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$Z\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$[\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$]\e(B")
 374          (?W "\e$(3%e\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%e\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%U\e(B")))
 375 ;;; q
 376    ("\e$(3!f\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!a\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!c\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!d\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!e\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!g\e(B")
 377          (?W "\e$(3!n\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!i\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!k\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!l\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!m\e(B"))
 378          (?2 "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 379 ;;; r
 380    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 381          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 382                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 383          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 384 ;;; s
 385    ("\e$(3!V\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!R\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!S\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!T\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!U\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!W\e(B")
 386          (?W "\e$(3!X\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!X\e(B")
 387                   (?e "\e$(3!V%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!V%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!V%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!V%q\e(B"))
 388          (?2 "\e$(3!F\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 389                   (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 390                            (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B"))))
 391 ;;; t
 392    ("\e$(3"8\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"4\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"6\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"7\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"9\e(B")
 393          (?W "\e$(3":\e(B" (?a "\e$(3":\e(B")
 394                   (?e "\e$(3"8%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"8%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"8%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"8%q\e(B")))
 395 ;;; u
 396    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 397 ;;; v
 398    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 399          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 400                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 401 ;;; w
 402    ("\e$(3#2\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#-\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#.\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#/\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#0\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#1\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#3\e(B")
 403          (?W "\e$(3%p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B")))
 404 ;;; x
 405    ("\e$(3!^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3![\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!_\e(B")
 406          (?W "\e$(3!`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!`\e(B")
 407                   (?e "\e$(3!^%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!^%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!^%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!^%q\e(B")))
 408 ;;; y
 409    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 410          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 411                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 412 ;;; z
 413    ("\e$(3#B\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#=\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#>\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#?\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#A\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#C\e(B")
 414          (?W "\e$(3#D\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#D\e(B")
 415                   (?e "\e$(3#B%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#B%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#B%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#B%q\e(B")))
 416 ;;; {   |   }   ~  DEL
 417    nil nil nil nil nil
 418    ])
 419
 420 ;; To avoid byte-compiler warnings.  It should never be set globally.
 421 (defvar ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3)
 422
 423 ;;;###autoload
 424 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (beg end &optional secondary force)
 425   "Convert the characters in region from SERA to FIDEL.
 426 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary language
 427 and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 428
 429 If the 3rd parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, assume the region
 430 begins begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 431 language.
 432
 433 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, perform conversion
 434 even if the buffer is read-only.
 435
 436 See also the descriptions of the variables
 437 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 438 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 439
 440   (interactive "r\nP")
 441   (save-restriction
 442     (narrow-to-region beg end)
 443     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer secondary force)))
 444
 445 ;;;###autoload
 446 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer (&optional secondary force)
 447   "Convert the current buffer from SERA to FIDEL.
 448
 449 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 450 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 451
 452 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, assume the buffer
 453 begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 454 language.
 455
 456 If the 2nd optional parametr FORCE is non-nil, perform conversion even if the
 457 buffer is read-only.
 458
 459 See also the descriptions of the variables
 460 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 461 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 462
 463   (interactive "P")
 464
 465   (if (and buffer-read-only
 466            (not force)
 467            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 468       (error ""))
 469
 470   (let ((ethio-primary-language ethio-primary-language)
 471         (ethio-secondary-language ethio-secondary-language)
 472         (ethio-use-colon-for-colon ethio-use-colon-for-colon)
 473         (ethio-use-three-dot-question ethio-use-three-dot-question)
 474         ;; The above four variables may be changed temporary
 475         ;; by tilde escapes during conversion.  So we bind them to other
 476         ;; variables but of the same names.
 477         (buffer-read-only nil)
 478         (case-fold-search nil)
 479         current-language
 480         next-language)
 481
 482     (setq current-language
 483           (if secondary
 484               ethio-secondary-language
 485             ethio-primary-language))
 486
 487     (goto-char (point-min))
 488
 489     (while (not (eobp))
 490       (setq next-language
 491             (cond
 492              ((eq current-language 'english)
 493               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))
 494              ((eq current-language 'amharic)
 495               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'amharic))
 496              ((eq current-language 'tigrigna)
 497               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'tigrigna))
 498              (t                         ; we don't know what to do
 499               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))))
 500
 501       (setq current-language
 502             (cond
 503
 504              ;; when language tag is explicitly specified
 505              ((not (eq next-language 'toggle))
 506               next-language)
 507
 508              ;; found a toggle in a primary language section
 509              ((eq current-language ethio-primary-language)
 510               ethio-secondary-language)
 511
 512              ;; found a toggle in a secondary, third, fourth, ...
 513              ;; language section
 514              (t
 515               ethio-primary-language))))
 516
 517     ;; If ethio-implicit-period-conversion is non-nil, the
 518     ;; Ethiopic dot "\e$(3%u\e(B" at the end of an Ethiopic sentence is
 519     ;; replaced with the Ethiopic full stop "\e$(3$i\e(B".
 520     (if ethio-implicit-period-conversion
 521         (progn
 522           (goto-char (point-min))
 523           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B\\([ \t]\\)"
 524                                     nil t)
 525             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B\\2"))
 526           (goto-char (point-min))
 527           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B$" nil t)
 528             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B"))))
 529
 530     ;; gemination
 531     (goto-char (point-min))
 532     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
 533       (compose-region
 534        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
 535        (point)))
 536     ))
 537
 538 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-english nil
 539   "Handle English section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 540 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 541 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol."
 542   (let ((new-language nil))
 543
 544     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 545       (cond
 546
 547        ;; if no more "\", nothing to do.
 548        ((not (search-forward "\\" nil 0)))
 549
 550        ;; hereafter point is put after a "\".
 551        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars
 552
 553        ;; "\\" :  leave the second "\"
 554        ((progn
 555           (delete-backward-char 1)
 556           (= (following-char) ?\\ ))
 557         (forward-char 1))
 558
 559        ;; "\ " :  delete the following " "
 560        ((= (following-char) 32)
 561         (delete-char 1)
 562         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 563
 564        ;; a language flag
 565        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 566
 567        ;; just a "\" :  not special sequence.
 568        (t
 569         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 570
 571     new-language))
 572
 573 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio (lang)
 574   "Handle Ethiopic section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 575 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 576 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol.
 577
 578 The parameter LANG (symbol, either `amharic' or `tigrigna') affects
 579 the conversion of \"a\"."
 580
 581   (let ((new-language nil)
 582         (verbatim nil)
 583         start table table2 ch)
 584
 585     (setcar (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ?a)
 586             (if (eq lang 'tigrigna) "\e$(3"f\e(B" "\e$(3"c\e(B"))
 587
 588     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 589       (setq ch (following-char))
 590       (cond
 591
 592        ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if in w3-mode
 593        ((and (boundp 'ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3)
 594              ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3
 595              (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
 596         (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
 597                         nil 0))
 598
 599        ;; leave non-ASCII characters as they are
 600        ((>= ch 128)
 601         (forward-char 1))
 602
 603        ;; ethiopic digits
 604        ((looking-at "`[1-9][0-9]*")
 605         (delete-char 1)
 606         (ethio-convert-digit))
 607
 608        ;; if not seeing a "\", do sera to fidel conversion
 609        ((/= ch ?\\ )
 610         (setq start (point))
 611         (forward-char 1)
 612         (setq table (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ch))
 613         (while (setq table2 (cdr (assoc (following-char) table)))
 614           (setq table table2)
 615           (forward-char 1))
 616         (if (setq ch (car table))
 617             (progn
 618               (delete-region start (point))
 619               (if (stringp ch)
 620                   (insert ch)
 621                 (insert (eval ch))))))
 622
 623        ;; if control reaches here, we must be looking at a "\"
 624
 625        ;; verbatim mode
 626        (verbatim
 627         (if (looking-at "\\\\~! ?")
 628
 629             ;; "\~!" or "\~! ".  switch to non-verbatim mode
 630             (progn
 631               (replace-match "")
 632               (setq verbatim nil))
 633
 634           ;; "\" but not "\~!" nor "\~! ".  skip the current "\".
 635           (forward-char 1)))
 636
 637        ;; hereafter, non-verbatim mode and looking at a "\"
 638        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars.
 639
 640        ;; "\ " : delete the following " "
 641        ((progn
 642           (delete-char 1)
 643           (setq ch (following-char))
 644           (= ch 32))
 645         (delete-char 1)
 646         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 647
 648        ;; "\~!" or "\~! " : switch to verbatim mode
 649        ((looking-at "~! ?")
 650         (replace-match "")
 651         (setq verbatim t))
 652
 653        ;; a language flag
 654        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 655
 656        ;; "\~" but not "\~!" nor a language flag
 657        ((= ch ?~)
 658         (delete-char 1)
 659         (ethio-tilde-escape))
 660
 661        ;; ASCII punctuation escape.  skip
 662        ((looking-at "\\(,\\|\\.\\|;\\|:\\|'\\|`\\|\?\\|\\\\\\)+")
 663         (goto-char (match-end 0)))
 664
 665        ;; "\", but not special sequence
 666        (t
 667         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 668
 669     new-language))
 670
 671 (defun ethio-process-language-flag nil
 672   "Process a language flag of the form \"~lang\" or \"~lang1~lang2\".
 673
 674 If looking at \"~lang1~lang2\", set `ethio-primary-language' and
 675 `ethio-une-secondary-language' based on \"lang1\" and \"lang2\".
 676 Then delete the language flag \"~lang1~lang2\" from the buffer.
 677 Return value is the new primary language.
 678
 679 If looking at \"~lang\", delete that language flag \"~lang\" from the
 680 buffer and return that language.  In this case
 681 `ethio-primary-language' and `ethio-uni-secondary-language'
 682 are left unchanged.
 683
 684 If an unsupported language flag is found, just return nil without
 685 changing anything."
 686
 687   (let (lang1 lang2)
 688     (cond
 689
 690      ;; ~lang1~lang2
 691      ((and (looking-at
 692             "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 693            (setq lang1
 694                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 695                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
 696            (setq lang2
 697                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 698                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)))))
 699       (setq ethio-primary-language lang1
 700             ethio-secondary-language lang2)
 701       (delete-region (point) (match-end 2))
 702       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 703           (delete-char 1))
 704       ethio-primary-language)
 705
 706      ;; ~lang
 707      ((and (looking-at "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 708            (setq lang1
 709                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 710                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
 711       (delete-region (point) (match-end 1))
 712       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 713           (delete-char 1))
 714       lang1)
 715
 716      ;; otherwise
 717      (t
 718       nil))))
 719
 720 (defun ethio-tilde-escape nil
 721   "Handle a SERA tilde escape in Ethiopic section and delete it.
 722 Delete the escape even it is not recognised."
 723
 724   (let ((p (point)) command)
 725     (skip-chars-forward "^ \t\n\\\\")
 726     (setq command (buffer-substring p (point)))
 727     (delete-region p (point))
 728     (if (= (following-char) 32)
 729         (delete-char 1))
 730
 731     (cond
 732
 733      ;; \~-:
 734      ((string= command "-:")
 735       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon t))
 736
 737      ;; \~`:
 738      ((string= command "`:")
 739       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil))
 740
 741      ;; \~?
 742      ((string= command "?")
 743       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question nil))
 744
 745      ;; \~`|
 746      ((string= command "`|")
 747       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question t))
 748
 749      ;; \~e
 750      ((string= command "e")
 751       (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
 752
 753      ;; \~E
 754      ((string= command "E")
 755       (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
 756
 757      ;; \~a
 758      ((string= command "a")
 759       (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
 760
 761      ;; \~A
 762      ((string= command "A")
 763       (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
 764
 765      ;; \~X
 766      ((string= command "X")
 767       (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
 768
 769      ;; unsupported tilde escape
 770      (t
 771       nil))))
 772
 773 (defun ethio-flag-to-language (flag)
 774   (cond
 775    ((or (string= flag "en") (string= flag "eng")) 'english)
 776    ((or (string= flag "ti") (string= flag "tir")) 'tigrigna)
 777    ((or (string= flag "am") (string= flag "amh")) 'amharic)
 778    (t nil)))
 779
 780 (defun ethio-convert-digit nil
 781   "Convert Arabic digits to Ethiopic digits."
 782   (let (ch z)
 783     (while (and (>= (setq ch (following-char)) ?1)
 784                 (<= ch ?9))
 785       (delete-char 1)
 786
 787       ;; count up following zeros
 788       (setq z 0)
 789       (while (= (following-char) ?0)
 790         (delete-char 1)
 791         (setq z (1+ z)))
 792
 793       (cond
 794
 795        ;; first digit is 10, 20, ..., or 90
 796        ((= (mod z 2) 1)
 797         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$y\e(B ?\e$(3$z\e(B ?\e$(3${\e(B ?\e$(3$|\e(B ?\e$(3$}\e(B ?\e$(3$~\e(B ?\e$(3%!\e(B ?\e$(3%"\e(B ?\e$(3%#\e(B] (- ch ?1)))
 798         (setq z (1- z)))
 799
 800        ;; first digit is 2, 3, ..., or 9
 801        ((/= ch ?1)
 802         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$q\e(B ?\e$(3$r\e(B ?\e$(3$s\e(B ?\e$(3$t\e(B ?\e$(3$u\e(B ?\e$(3$v\e(B ?\e$(3$w\e(B ?\e$(3$x\e(B] (- ch ?2))))
 803
 804        ;; single 1
 805        ((= z 0)
 806         (insert "\e$(3$p\e(B")))
 807
 808       ;; 100
 809       (if (= (mod z 4) 2)
 810           (insert "\e$(3%$\e(B"))
 811
 812       ;; 10000
 813       (insert-char ?\e$(3%%\e(B (/ z 4)))))
 814
 815 ;;;###autoload
 816 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
 817   "Execute ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail or ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker depending on the current major mode.
 818 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
 819
 820   (interactive "P")
 821   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 822           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
 823       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (prefix-numeric-value arg))
 824     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker arg)))
 825
 826 ;;;###autoload
 827 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (&optional arg)
 828   "Convert SERA to FIDEL to read/write mail and news.
 829
 830 If the buffer contains the markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\",
 831 convert the segments between them into FIDEL.
 832
 833 If invoked interactively and there is no marker, convert the subject field
 834 and the body into FIDEL using `ethio-sera-to-fidel-region'."
 835
 836   (interactive "p")
 837   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
 838         border)
 839     (save-excursion
 840
 841       ;; follow RFC822 rules instead of looking for a fixed separator
 842       (rfc822-goto-eoh)
 843       (forward-line 1)
 844       (setq border (point))
 845
 846       ;; note that the point is placed at the border
 847       (if (or (re-search-forward "^<sera>$" nil t)
 848               (progn
 849                 (goto-char (point-min))
 850                 (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)))
 851
 852           ;; there are markers
 853           (progn
 854             ;; we start with the body so that the border will not change
 855             ;; use "^<sera>\n" instead of "^<sera>$" not to leave a blank line
 856             (goto-char border)
 857             (while (re-search-forward "^<sera>\n" nil t)
 858               (replace-match "")
 859               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 860                (point)
 861                (progn
 862                  (if (re-search-forward "^</sera>\n" nil 0)
 863                      (replace-match ""))
 864                  (point))))
 865             ;; now process the subject
 866             (goto-char (point-min))
 867             (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)
 868                 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 869                  (progn (delete-backward-char 6) (point))
 870                  (progn
 871                    (if (re-search-forward "</sera>$" (line-end-position) 0)
 872                        (replace-match ""))
 873                    (point)))))
 874
 875         ;; in case there are no marks but invoked interactively
 876         (if arg
 877             (progn
 878               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region border (point-max))
 879               (goto-char (point-min))
 880               (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
 881                   (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (point) (line-end-position))))))
 882
 883       ;; adjust the rmail marker
 884       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 885           (set-marker
 886            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
 887            (point-max))))))
 888
 889 ;;;###autoload
 890 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker (&optional force)
 891   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from SERA to FIDEL.
 892 Assume that each region begins with `ethio-primary-language'.
 893 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
 894   (interactive "P")
 895   (if (and buffer-read-only
 896            (not force)
 897            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 898       (error ""))
 899   (save-excursion
 900     (goto-char (point-min))
 901     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
 902       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 903        (point)
 904        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
 905            (match-beginning 0)
 906          (point-max))
 907        nil
 908        'force))))
 909
 910 ;;
 911 ;; FIDEL to SERA
 912 ;;
 913
 914 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-sera-map
 915  [ "he"  "hu"  "hi"  "ha"  "hE"  "h"  "ho"    ""       ;;   0 - 7
 916    "le"  "lu"  "li"  "la"  "lE"  "l"  "lo"  "lWa"      ;;   8
 917    "He"  "Hu"  "Hi"  "Ha"  "HE"  "H"  "Ho"  "HWa"      ;;  16
 918    "me"  "mu"  "mi"  "ma"  "mE"  "m"  "mo"  "mWa"      ;;  24
 919   "`se" "`su" "`si" "`sa" "`sE" "`s" "`so" "`sWa"      ;;  32
 920    "re"  "ru"  "ri"  "ra"  "rE"  "r"  "ro"  "rWa"      ;;  40
 921    "se"  "su"  "si"  "sa"  "sE"  "s"  "so"  "sWa"      ;;  48
 922    "xe"  "xu"  "xi"  "xa"  "xE"  "x"  "xo"  "xWa"      ;;  56
 923    "qe"  "qu"  "qi"  "qa"  "qE"  "q"  "qo"    ""       ;;  64
 924   "qWe"   ""  "qWi" "qWa" "qWE"  "qW'" ""     ""       ;;  72
 925    "Qe"  "Qu"  "Qi"  "Qa"  "QE"  "Q"  "Qo"    ""       ;;  80
 926   "QWe"   ""  "QWi" "QWa" "QWE"  "QW'" ""     ""       ;;  88
 927    "be"  "bu"  "bi"  "ba"  "bE"  "b"  "bo"  "bWa"      ;;  96
 928    "ve"  "vu"  "vi"  "va"  "vE"  "v"  "vo"  "vWa"      ;; 104
 929    "te"  "tu"  "ti"  "ta"  "tE"  "t"  "to"  "tWa"      ;; 112
 930    "ce"  "cu"  "ci"  "ca"  "cE"  "c"  "co"  "cWa"      ;; 120
 931   "`he" "`hu" "`hi" "`ha" "`hE" "`h" "`ho"    ""       ;; 128
 932   "hWe"   ""  "hWi" "hWa"  "hWE" "hW'" ""     ""       ;; 136
 933    "ne"  "nu"  "ni"  "na"  "nE"  "n"  "no"  "nWa"      ;; 144
 934    "Ne"  "Nu"  "Ni"  "Na"  "NE"  "N"  "No"  "NWa"      ;; 152
 935     "e"   "u"   "i"   "A"   "E"  "I"   "o"   "ea"      ;; 160
 936    "ke"  "ku"  "ki"  "ka"  "kE"  "k"  "ko"    ""       ;; 168
 937   "kWe"   ""  "kWi" "kWa" "kWE"  "kW'" ""     ""       ;; 176
 938    "Ke"  "Ku"  "Ki"  "Ka"  "KE"  "K"  "Ko"    ""       ;; 184
 939   "KWe"   ""  "KWi" "KWa" "KWE"  "KW'" ""     ""       ;; 192
 940    "we"  "wu"  "wi"  "wa"  "wE"  "w"  "wo"    ""       ;; 200
 941    "`e"  "`u"  "`i"  "`a"  "`E" "`I"  "`o"    ""       ;; 208
 942    "ze"  "zu"  "zi"  "za"  "zE"  "z"  "zo"  "zWa"      ;; 216
 943    "Ze"  "Zu"  "Zi"  "Za"  "ZE"  "Z"  "Zo"  "ZWa"      ;; 224
 944    "ye"  "yu"  "yi"  "ya"  "yE"  "y"  "yo"  "yWa"      ;; 232
 945    "de"  "du"  "di"  "da"  "dE"  "d"  "do"  "dWa"      ;; 240
 946    "De"  "Du"  "Di"  "Da"  "DE"  "D"  "Do"  "DWa"      ;; 248
 947    "je"  "ju"  "ji"  "ja"  "jE"  "j"  "jo"  "jWa"      ;; 256
 948    "ge"  "gu"  "gi"  "ga"  "gE"  "g"  "go"    ""       ;; 264
 949   "gWe"   ""  "gWi" "gWa" "gWE" "gW'"  ""     ""       ;; 272
 950    "Ge"  "Gu"  "Gi"  "Ga"  "GE"  "G"  "Go"  "GWa"      ;; 280
 951    "Te"  "Tu"  "Ti"  "Ta"  "TE"  "T"  "To"  "TWa"      ;; 288
 952    "Ce"  "Cu"  "Ci"  "Ca"  "CE"  "C"  "Co"  "CWa"      ;; 296
 953    "Pe"  "Pu"  "Pi"  "Pa"  "PE"  "P"  "Po"  "PWa"      ;; 304
 954    "Se"  "Su"  "Si"  "Sa"  "SE"  "S"  "So"  "SWa"      ;; 312
 955   "`Se" "`Su" "`Si" "`Sa" "`SE" "`S" "`So"    ""       ;; 320
 956    "fe"  "fu"  "fi"  "fa"  "fE"  "f"  "fo"  "fWa"      ;; 328
 957    "pe"  "pu"  "pi"  "pa"  "pE"  "p"  "po"  "pWa"      ;; 336
 958   "mYa" "rYa" "fYa"   ""    ""   ""    ""     ""       ;; 344
 959    " "  " : "  "::"  ","   ";"  "-:"  ":-"   "`?"      ;; 352
 960   ":|:"  "1"   "2"   "3"   "4"   "5"   "6"   "7"       ;; 360
 961    "8"   "9"   "10"  "20"  "30"  "40" "50"   "60"      ;; 368
 962    "70"  "80"  "90" "100" "10000" ""   ""     ""       ;; 376
 963   "`qe" "`qu" "`qi" "`qa" "`qE" "`q" "`qo"    ""       ;; 384
 964   "mWe" "bWe" "GWe" "fWe" "pWe"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 392
 965   "`ke" "`ku" "`ki" "`ka" "`kE" "`k" "`ko"    ""       ;; 400
 966   "mWi" "bWi" "GWi" "fWi" "pWi"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 408
 967    "Xe"  "Xu"  "Xi"  "Xa"  "XE"  "X"  "Xo"    ""       ;; 416
 968   "mWE" "bWE" "GWE" "fWE" "pWE"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 424
 969   "`ge" "`gu" "`gi" "`ga" "`gE" "`g" "`go"    ""       ;; 432
 970   "mW'" "bW'" "GW'" "fW'" "pW'"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 440
 971   "\\~X " "\\~e " "\\~E " "\\~a " "\\~A " "wWe" "wWi" "wWa" ;; 448
 972   "wWE" "wW'"  "''"  "`!"  "."  "<<"  ">>"   "?" ])    ;; 456
 973
 974 (defun ethio-prefer-amharic-p nil
 975   (or (eq ethio-primary-language 'amharic)
 976       (and (not (eq ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna))
 977            (eq ethio-secondary-language 'amharic))))
 978
 979 (defun ethio-language-to-flag (lang)
 980   (cond
 981    ((eq lang 'english) "eng")
 982    ((eq lang 'tigrigna) "tir")
 983    ((eq lang 'amharic) "amh")
 984    (t "")))
 985
 986 ;;;###autoload
 987 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-region (begin end &optional secondary force)
 988   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the region to the SERA format.
 989 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 990 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 991
 992 If the 3dr parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, try to convert
 993 the region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with
 994 the primary language.
 995
 996 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, convert even if the
 997 buffer is read-only.
 998
 999 See also the descriptions of the variables
1000 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
1001 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
1002
1003   (interactive "r\nP")
1004   (save-restriction
1005     (narrow-to-region begin end)
1006     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer secondary force)))
1007
1008 ;;;###autoload
1009 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer (&optional secondary force)
1010   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the current buffer to the SERA format.
1011 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
1012 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
1013
1014 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, try to convert the
1015 region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with the
1016 primary language.
1017
1018 If the 2nd optional parameter FORCE is non-nil, convert even if the
1019 buffer is read-only.
1020
1021 See also the descriptions of the variables
1022 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
1023 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
1024
1025   (interactive "P")
1026   (if (and buffer-read-only
1027            (not force)
1028            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1029       (error ""))
1030
1031   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1032         (case-fold-search nil)
1033         (lonec nil) ;; t means previous char was a lone consonant
1034         (fidel nil) ;; t means previous char was a FIDEL
1035         (digit nil) ;; t means previous char was an Ethiopic digit
1036         (flag (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir "))
1037         mode ch)
1038
1039     ;; user's preference in transcription
1040     (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon
1041         (progn
1042           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 "`:")
1043           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 ":"))
1044       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 " : ")
1045       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 "-:"))
1046
1047     (if ethio-use-three-dot-question
1048         (progn
1049           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "?")
1050           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "`?"))
1051       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "`?")
1052       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "?"))
1053
1054     (mapcar
1055      '(lambda (x)
1056         (aset (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map x)
1057               2
1058               (if ethio-W-sixth-always ?' ?u)))
1059      '(77 93 141 181 197 277 440 441 442 443 444 457))
1060
1061     (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1062         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "a")
1063       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "e"))
1064     ;; end of user's preference
1065
1066     ;; first, decompose geminated characters
1067     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1068
1069     ;; main conversion routine
1070     (goto-char (point-min))
1071     (while (not (eobp))
1072       (setq ch (following-char))
1073
1074       (cond                             ; ethiopic, english, neutral
1075
1076        ;; ethiopic character.  must go to ethiopic mode, if not in it.
1077        ((eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1078         (setq ch (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch))
1079         (delete-char 1)
1080         (if (not (eq mode 'ethiopic))
1081             (progn
1082               (insert flag)
1083               (setq mode 'ethiopic)))
1084
1085         (cond                           ; fidel, punc, digit
1086
1087          ;; fidels
1088          ((or (<= ch 346)               ;  he - fYa
1089               (and (>= ch 384) (<= ch 444)) ; `qe - pw
1090               (and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))) ; wWe - wW
1091           (if (and (memq ch '(160 161 162 163 164 166 167)) ; (e - ea)
1092                    (or lonec
1093                        (and ethio-quote-vowel-always
1094                             fidel)))
1095               (insert "'"))
1096           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1097           (setq lonec (ethio-lone-consonant-p ch)
1098                 fidel t
1099                 digit nil))
1100
1101          ;; punctuations or icons
1102          ((or (and (>= ch 353) (<= ch 360)) ;  : - :|:
1103               (>= ch 458)               ;  '' -  ?
1104               (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452))) ;  \~X \~e \~E \~a \~A
1105           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1106           (setq lonec nil
1107                 fidel nil
1108                 digit nil))
1109
1110          ;; now CH must be an ethiopic digit
1111
1112          ;; reduction = 0 or not preceded by Ethiopic number(s)
1113          ((or (= ethio-numeric-reduction 0)
1114               (not digit))
1115           (insert "`" (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1116           (setq lonec nil
1117                 fidel nil
1118                 digit t))
1119
1120          ;; reduction = 2 and following 10s, 100s, 10000s
1121          ((and (= ethio-numeric-reduction 2)
1122                (memq ch '(370 379 380)))
1123           (insert (substring (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch) 1))
1124           (setq lonec nil
1125                 fidel nil
1126                 digit t))
1127
1128          ;; ordinary following digits
1129          (t
1130           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1131           (setq lonec nil
1132                 fidel nil
1133                 digit t))))
1134
1135        ;; english character.  must go to english mode, if not in it.
1136        ((or (and (>= ch ?a) (<= ch ?z))
1137             (and (>= ch ?A) (<= ch ?Z)))
1138         (if (not (eq mode 'english))
1139             (insert "\\~eng "))
1140         (forward-char 1)
1141         (setq mode 'english
1142               lonec nil
1143               fidel nil
1144               digit nil))
1145
1146        ;; ch can appear both in ethiopic section and in english section.
1147        (t
1148
1149         ;; we must decide the mode, if not decided yet
1150         (if (null mode)
1151             (progn
1152               (setq mode
1153                     (if secondary
1154                         ethio-secondary-language
1155                       ethio-primary-language))
1156               (if (eq mode 'english)
1157                   (insert "\\~eng ")
1158                 (insert flag)
1159                 (setq mode 'ethiopic)))) ; tigrigna & amharic --> ethiopic
1160
1161         (cond                           ; \ , eng-mode , punc , w3 , other
1162
1163          ;; backslash is always quoted
1164          ((= ch ?\\ )
1165           (insert "\\")
1166           (forward-char 1))
1167
1168          ;; nothing to do if in english mode
1169          ((eq mode 'english)
1170           (forward-char 1))
1171
1172          ;; now we must be in ethiopic mode and seeing a non-"\"
1173
1174          ;; ascii punctuations in ethiopic mode
1175          ((looking-at "[,.;:'`?]+")
1176           (insert "\\")
1177           (goto-char (1+ (match-end 0)))) ; because we inserted one byte (\)
1178
1179          ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if called from w3
1180          ((and (boundp 'ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3)
1181                ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3
1182                (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
1183           (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
1184                           nil 0))
1185
1186          ;; neutral character.  no need to quote.  just skip it.
1187          (t
1188           (forward-char 1)))
1189
1190         (setq lonec nil
1191               fidel nil
1192               digit nil)))
1193     ;; end of main conversion routine
1194     )))
1195
1196 (defun ethio-lone-consonant-p (ethiocode)
1197   "If ETHIOCODE is an Ethiopic lone consonant, return t."
1198   (or (and (< ethiocode 344) (= (% ethiocode 8) 5))
1199
1200       ;;                     `q  `k   X  `g  mW  bW  GW  fW  pW  wW
1201       (memq ethiocode '(389 405 421 437 440 441 442 443 444 457))))
1202
1203 ;;;###autoload
1204 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
1205   "Execute ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail or ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker depending on the current major mode.
1206 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
1207
1208   (interactive "P")
1209   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1210           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
1211       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
1212     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker arg)))
1213
1214 ;;;###autoload
1215 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail nil
1216   "Convert FIDEL to SERA to read/write mail and news.
1217
1218 If the body contains at least one Ethiopic character,
1219  1) insert the string \"<sera>\" at the beginning of the body,
1220  2) insert \"</sera>\" at the end of the body, and
1221  3) convert the body into SERA.
1222
1223 The very same procedure applies to the subject field, too."
1224
1225   (interactive)
1226   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1227         border)
1228     (save-excursion
1229
1230       ;; follow RFC822 rules instead of looking for a fixed separator
1231       (rfc822-goto-eoh)
1232       (forward-line 1)
1233       (setq border (point))
1234
1235       ;; process body first not to change the border
1236       ;; note that the point is already at the border
1237       (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1238           (progn
1239             (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region border (point-max))
1240             (goto-char border)
1241             (insert "<sera>")
1242             (goto-char (point-max))
1243             (insert "</sera>")))
1244
1245       ;; process subject
1246       (goto-char (point-min))
1247       (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
1248           (let ((beg (point))
1249                 (end (line-end-position)))
1250             (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" end t)
1251                 (progn
1252                   (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region beg end)
1253                   (goto-char beg)
1254                   (insert "<sera>")
1255                   (end-of-line)
1256                   (insert "</sera>")))))
1257
1258       ;; adjust the rmail marker
1259       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1260           (set-marker
1261            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
1262            (point-max))))))
1263
1264 ;;;###autoload
1265 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker (&optional force)
1266   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from FIDEL to SERA.
1267 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
1268
1269   (interactive "P")
1270   (if (and buffer-read-only
1271            (not force)
1272            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1273       (error ""))
1274   (save-excursion
1275     (goto-char (point-min))
1276     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1277       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region
1278        (point)
1279        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
1280            (match-beginning 0)
1281          (point-max))
1282        nil
1283        'force))))
1284
1285 ;;
1286 ;; vowel modification
1287 ;;
1288
1289 ;;;###autoload
1290 (defun ethio-modify-vowel nil
1291   "Modify the vowel of the FIDEL that is under the cursor."
1292   (interactive)
1293   (let ((ch (following-char))
1294         (composite nil)                 ; geminated or not
1295         newch base vowel modulo)
1296
1297     (cond
1298      ;; in case of gemination
1299      ((eq (char-charset ch) 'composition)
1300       (setq ch (string-to-char (char-to-string ch))
1301             composite t))
1302      ;; neither gemination nor fidel
1303      ((not (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic))
1304       (error "Not a valid character")))
1305
1306     ;; set frequently referred character features
1307     (setq ch     (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch)
1308           base   (* (/ ch 8) 8)
1309           modulo (% ch 8))
1310
1311     (if (or (and (>= ch 344) (<= ch 380)) ;; mYa - `10000
1312             (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452)) ;; \~X - \~A
1313             (>= ch 458))                  ;; private punctuations
1314         (error "Not a valid character"))
1315
1316     (setq
1317      newch
1318      (cond
1319
1320       ;; first standalone vowels
1321       ((= base 160)
1322        (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1323            (message "Modify vowel to: [auiAEIoW\"] ")
1324          (message "Modify vowel to: [euiAEIoW\"] "))
1325        (setq vowel (read-char))
1326        (cond
1327         ((= vowel ?e) 160)
1328         ((= vowel ?u) 161)
1329         ((= vowel ?i) 162)
1330         ((= vowel ?A) 163)
1331         ((= vowel ?E) 164)
1332         ((= vowel ?I) 165)
1333         ((= vowel ?o) 166)
1334         ((= vowel ?W) 167)
1335         ((= vowel ?a) (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) 160 163))
1336         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1337         (t nil)))
1338
1339       ;; second standalone vowels
1340       ((= base 208)
1341        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaEIo\"] ")
1342        (setq vowel (read-char))
1343        (cond
1344         ((= vowel ?e) 208)
1345         ((= vowel ?u) 209)
1346         ((= vowel ?i) 210)
1347         ((= vowel ?a) 211)
1348         ((= vowel ?E) 212)
1349         ((= vowel ?I) 213)
1350         ((= vowel ?o) 214)
1351         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1352         (t nil)))
1353
1354       ;; 12-form consonants, *W* form
1355       ((memq base '(72 88 136 176 192 272)) ; qW QW hW kW KW gW
1356        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1357        (setq vowel (read-char))
1358        (cond
1359         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1360         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 5))
1361         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1362         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1363         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1364         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1365         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1366         (t nil)))
1367
1368       ;; extended 12-form consonants, mWa bWa GWa fWa pWa
1369       ((= ch 31)                        ; mWa
1370        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1371        (setq vowel (read-char))
1372        (cond
1373         ((= vowel ?e) 392)
1374         ((= vowel ?u) 440)
1375         ((= vowel ?i) 408)
1376         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1377         ((= vowel ?E) 424)
1378         ((= vowel ?') 440)
1379         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1380         (t nil)))
1381       ((= ch 103)                       ; bWa
1382        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1383        (setq vowel (read-char))
1384        (cond
1385         ((= vowel ?e) 393)
1386         ((= vowel ?u) 441)
1387         ((= vowel ?i) 409)
1388         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1389         ((= vowel ?E) 425)
1390         ((= vowel ?') 441)
1391         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1392         (t nil)))
1393       ((= ch 287)                       ; GWa
1394        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1395        (setq vowel (read-char))
1396        (cond
1397         ((= vowel ?e) 394)
1398         ((= vowel ?u) 442)
1399         ((= vowel ?i) 410)
1400         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1401         ((= vowel ?E) 426)
1402         ((= vowel ?') 442)
1403         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1404         (t nil)))
1405       ((= ch 335)                       ; fWa
1406        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1407        (setq vowel (read-char))
1408        (cond
1409         ((= vowel ?e) 395)
1410         ((= vowel ?u) 443)
1411         ((= vowel ?i) 411)
1412         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1413         ((= vowel ?E) 427)
1414         ((= vowel ?') 443)
1415         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1416         (t nil)))
1417       ((= ch 343)                       ; pWa
1418        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1419        (setq vowel (read-char))
1420        (cond
1421         ((= vowel ?e) 396)
1422         ((= vowel ?u) 444)
1423         ((= vowel ?i) 412)
1424         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1425         ((= vowel ?E) 428)
1426         ((= vowel ?') 444)
1427         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1428         (t nil)))
1429
1430       ;; extended 12-form consonatns, mW* bW* GW* fW* pW*
1431       ((memq base '(392 408 424 440))   ; *We *Wi *WE *W
1432        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiEau'\"] ")
1433        (setq vowel (read-char))
1434        (cond
1435         ((= vowel ?e) (+ 392 modulo))
1436         ((= vowel ?i) (+ 408 modulo))
1437         ((= vowel ?E) (+ 424 modulo))
1438         ((= vowel ?a) (cond
1439                        ((= modulo 0)  31) ; mWa
1440                        ((= modulo 1) 103) ; bWa
1441                        ((= modulo 2) 287) ; GWa
1442                        ((= modulo 3) 335) ; fWa
1443                        ((= modulo 4) 343) ; pWa
1444                        (t nil)))        ; never reach here
1445         ((= vowel ?') (+ 440 modulo))
1446         ((= vowel ?u) (+ 440 modulo))
1447         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1448         (t nil)))
1449
1450       ((and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))    ; wWe wWi wWa wWE wW
1451        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiaE'u\"] ")
1452        (setq vowel (read-char))
1453        (cond
1454         ((= vowel ?e) 453)
1455         ((= vowel ?i) 454)
1456         ((= vowel ?a) 455)
1457         ((= vowel ?E) 456)
1458         ((= vowel ?') 457)
1459         ((= vowel ?u) 457)
1460         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1461         (t nil)))
1462
1463       ;; 7-form consonants, or
1464       ;; first 7 of 8-form consonants
1465       ((<= modulo 6)
1466        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'o\"] ")
1467        (setq vowel (read-char))
1468        (cond
1469         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1470         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 1))
1471         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1472         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1473         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1474         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1475         ((= vowel ?o) (+ base 6))
1476         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1477         (t nil)))
1478
1479       ;; otherwise
1480       (t
1481        nil)))
1482
1483     (cond
1484
1485      ;; could not get new character
1486      ((null newch)
1487       (error "Invalid vowel"))
1488
1489      ;; vowel changed on a composite Fidel
1490      (composite
1491       (delete-char 1)
1492       (insert
1493        (compose-string
1494         (concat (char-to-string (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))        "\e$(3%s\e(B"))))
1495
1496      ;; simple vowel modification
1497      (t
1498       (delete-char 1)
1499       (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))))))
1500
1501 (defun ethio-ethiocode-to-char (ethiocode)
1502   (make-char
1503    'ethiopic
1504    (+ (/ ethiocode 94) 33)
1505    (+ (mod ethiocode 94) 33)))
1506
1507 (defun ethio-char-to-ethiocode (ch)
1508   (and (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1509        (let ((char-components (split-char ch)))
1510          (+ (* (- (nth 1 char-components) 33) 94)
1511             (- (nth 2 char-components) 33)))))
1512
1513 ;;
1514 ;; space replacement
1515 ;;
1516
1517 ;;;###autoload
1518 (defun ethio-replace-space (ch begin end)
1519   "Replace ASCII spaces with Ethiopic word separators in the region.
1520
1521 In the specified region, replace word separators surrounded by two
1522 Ethiopic characters, depending on the first parameter CH, which should
1523 be 1, 2, or 3.
1524
1525 If CH = 1, word separator will be replaced with an ASCII space.
1526 If CH = 2, with two ASCII spaces.
1527 If CH = 3, with the Ethiopic colon-like word separator.
1528
1529 The second and third parameters BEGIN and END specify the region."
1530
1531   (interactive "*cReplace spaces to: 1 (sg col), 2 (dbl col), 3 (Ethiopic)\nr")
1532   (if (not (memq ch '(?1 ?2 ?3)))
1533       (error ""))
1534   (save-excursion
1535     (save-restriction
1536       (narrow-to-region begin end)
1537
1538       (cond
1539        ((= ch ?1)
1540         ;; an Ethiopic word separator --> an ASCII space
1541         (goto-char (point-min))
1542         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1543           (replace-match " " nil t))
1544
1545         ;; two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters --> an ASCII space
1546         (goto-char (point-min))
1547         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1548           (replace-match "\\1 \\2")
1549           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1550
1551        ((= ch ?2)
1552         ;; An Ethiopic word separator --> two ASCII spaces
1553         (goto-char (point-min))
1554         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1555           (replace-match "  "))
1556
1557         ;; An ASCII space between Ethiopic characters --> two ASCII spaces
1558         (goto-char (point-min))
1559         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\) \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1560           (replace-match "\\1  \\2")
1561           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1562
1563        (t
1564         ;; One or two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1565         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator
1566         (goto-char (point-min))
1567         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  ?\\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1568           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1569           (goto-char (match-beginning 2)))
1570
1571         ;; Three or more ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1572         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator + (N - 2) ASCII spaces
1573         (goto-char (point-min))
1574         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\( *\\ce\\)" nil t)
1575           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1576           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))))))
1577
1578 ;;
1579 ;; special icons
1580 ;;
1581
1582 ;;;###autoload
1583 (defun ethio-input-special-character (arg)
1584   "Allow the user to input special characters."
1585   (interactive "*cInput number: 1.\e$(3%j\e(B  2.\e$(3%k\e(B  3.\e$(3%l\e(B  4.\e$(3%m\e(B  5.\e$(3%i\e(B")
1586   (cond
1587    ((= arg ?1)
1588     (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
1589    ((= arg ?2)
1590     (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
1591    ((= arg ?3)
1592     (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
1593    ((= arg ?4)
1594     (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
1595    ((= arg ?5)
1596     (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
1597    (t
1598     (error ""))))
1599
1600 ;;
1601 ;; TeX support
1602 ;;
1603
1604 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1605  [ "heG"  "huG"  "hiG"  "haG"  "hEG"   "hG"  "hoG"      ""     ;;   0 - 7
1606    "leG"  "luG"  "liG"  "laG"  "lEG"   "lG"  "loG"  "lWaG"     ;;   8
1607    "HeG"  "HuG"  "HiG"  "HaG"  "HEG"   "HG"  "HoG"  "HWaG"     ;;  16
1608    "meG"  "muG"  "miG"  "maG"  "mEG"   "mG"  "moG"  "mWaG"     ;;  24
1609   "sseG" "ssuG" "ssiG" "ssaG" "ssEG"  "ssG" "ssoG" "ssWaG"     ;;  32
1610    "reG"  "ruG"  "riG"  "raG"  "rEG"   "rG"  "roG"  "rWaG"     ;;  40
1611    "seG"  "suG"  "siG"  "saG"  "sEG"   "sG"  "soG"  "sWaG"     ;;  48
1612    "xeG"  "xuG"  "xiG"  "xaG"  "xEG"   "xG"  "xoG"  "xWaG"     ;;  56
1613    "qeG"  "quG"  "qiG"  "qaG"  "qEG"   "qG"  "qoG"      ""     ;;  64
1614   "qWeG"     "" "qWiG" "qWaG" "qWEG"  "qWG"     ""      ""     ;;  72
1615    "QeG"  "QuG"  "QiG"  "QaG"  "QEG"   "QG"  "QoG"      ""     ;;  80
1616   "QWeG"     "" "QWiG" "QWaG" "QWEG"  "QWG"     ""      ""     ;;  88
1617    "beG"  "buG"  "biG"  "baG"  "bEG"   "bG"  "boG"  "bWaG"     ;;  96
1618    "veG"  "vuG"  "viG"  "vaG"  "vEG"   "vG"  "voG"  "vWaG"     ;; 104
1619    "teG"  "tuG"  "tiG"  "taG"  "tEG"   "tG"  "toG"  "tWaG"     ;; 112
1620    "ceG"  "cuG"  "ciG"  "caG"  "cEG"   "cG"  "coG"  "cWaG"     ;; 120
1621   "hheG" "hhuG" "hhiG" "hhaG" "hhEG"  "hhG" "hhoG"      ""     ;; 128
1622   "hWeG"     "" "hWiG" "hWaG" "hWEG"  "hWG"     ""      ""     ;; 136
1623    "neG"  "nuG"  "niG"  "naG"  "nEG"   "nG"  "noG"  "nWaG"     ;; 144
1624    "NeG"  "NuG"  "NiG"  "NaG"  "NEG"   "NG"  "NoG"  "NWaG"     ;; 152
1625     "eG"   "uG"   "iG"   "AG"   "EG"   "IG"   "oG"   "eaG"     ;; 160
1626    "keG"  "kuG"  "kiG"  "kaG"  "kEG"   "kG"  "koG"      ""     ;; 168
1627   "kWeG"     "" "kWiG" "kWaG" "kWEG"  "kWG"     ""      ""     ;; 176
1628    "KeG"  "KuG"  "KiG"  "KaG"  "KEG"   "KG"  "KoG"      ""     ;; 184
1629   "KWeG"     "" "KWiG" "KWaG" "KWEG"  "KWG"     ""      ""     ;; 192
1630    "weG"  "wuG"  "wiG"  "waG"  "wEG"   "wG"  "woG"      ""     ;; 200
1631    "eeG"  "uuG"  "iiG"  "aaG"  "EEG"  "IIG"  "ooG"      ""     ;; 208
1632    "zeG"  "zuG"  "ziG"  "zaG"  "zEG"   "zG"  "zoG"  "zWaG"     ;; 216
1633    "ZeG"  "ZuG"  "ZiG"  "ZaG"  "ZEG"   "ZG"  "ZoG"  "ZWaG"     ;; 224
1634    "yeG"  "yuG"  "yiG"  "yaG"  "yEG"   "yG"  "yoG"  "yWaG"     ;; 232
1635    "deG"  "duG"  "diG"  "daG"  "dEG"   "dG" "doG"   "dWaG"     ;; 240
1636    "DeG"  "DuG"  "DiG"  "DaG"  "DEG"   "DG"  "DoG"  "DWaG"     ;; 248
1637    "jeG"  "juG"  "jiG"  "jaG"  "jEG"   "jG"  "joG"  "jWaG"     ;; 256
1638    "geG"  "guG"  "giG"  "gaG"  "gEG"   "gG"  "goG"     ""      ;; 264
1639   "gWeG"     "" "gWiG" "gWaG" "gWEG"  "gWG"     ""     ""      ;; 272
1640    "GeG"  "GuG"  "GiG"  "GaG"  "GEG"   "GG"  "GoG"  "GWaG"     ;; 280
1641    "TeG"  "TuG"  "TiG"  "TaG"  "TEG"   "TG"  "ToG"  "TWaG"     ;; 288
1642    "CeG"  "CuG"  "CiG"  "CaG"  "CEG"   "CG"  "CoG"  "CWaG"     ;; 296
1643    "PeG"  "PuG"  "PiG"  "PaG"  "PEG"   "PG"  "PoG"  "PWaG"     ;; 304
1644    "SeG"  "SuG"  "SiG"  "SaG"  "SEG"   "SG"  "SoG"  "SWaG"     ;; 312
1645   "SSeG" "SSuG" "SSiG" "SSaG" "SSEG"  "SSG" "SSoG"      ""     ;; 320
1646    "feG"  "fuG"  "fiG"  "faG"  "fEG"   "fG"  "foG"  "fWaG"     ;; 328
1647    "peG"  "puG"  "piG"  "paG"  "pEG"   "pG"  "poG"  "pWaG"     ;; 336
1648   "mYaG" "rYaG" "fYaG"     ""     ""     ""     ""      ""     ;; 344
1649       "" "spaceG" "periodG" "commaG"                           ;; 352
1650   "semicolonG" "colonG" "precolonG" "oldqmarkG"                ;; 356
1651   "pbreakG" "andG" "huletG" "sostG" "aratG" "amstG" "sadstG" "sabatG"  ;; 360
1652   "smntG" "zeteNG" "asrG" "heyaG" "selasaG" "arbaG" "hemsaG" "slsaG"   ;; 368
1653   "sebaG" "semanyaG" "zeTanaG" "metoG" "asrxiG" "" "" ""               ;; 376
1654   "qqeG" "qquG" "qqiG" "qqaG" "qqEG" "qqG" "qqoG"    ""      ;; 384
1655   "mWeG" "bWeG" "GWeG" "fWeG" "pWeG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 392
1656   "kkeG" "kkuG" "kkiG" "kkaG" "kkEG" "kkG" "kkoG"    ""      ;; 400
1657   "mWiG" "bWiG" "GWiG" "fWiG" "pWiG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 408
1658    "XeG"  "XuG" "GXiG"  "XaG"  "XEG"  "XG"  "XoG"    ""      ;; 416
1659   "mWEG" "bWEG" "GWEG" "fWEG" "pWEG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 424
1660   "ggeG" "gguG" "ggiG" "ggaG" "ggEG" "ggG" "ggoG"    ""      ;; 432
1661    "mWG" "bWG"   "GWG"  "fWG"  "pWG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 440
1662   "ornamentG" "flandG" "iflandG" "africaG"                       ;; 448
1663   "iafricaG" "wWeG" "wWiG" "wWaG"                            ;; 452
1664   "wWEG"  "wWG" "" "slaqG" "dotG" "lquoteG" "rquoteG" "qmarkG" ])  ;; 456
1665
1666 ;;
1667 ;; To make tex-to-fidel mapping.
1668 ;; The following code makes
1669 ;;     (get 'ethio-tex-command-he 'ethio-fidel-char)  ==>  ?\e$(3!!\e(B
1670 ;; etc.
1671 ;;
1672
1673 (let ((i 0) str)
1674   (while (< i (length ethio-fidel-to-tex-map))
1675     (setq str (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i))
1676     (if (not (string= str ""))
1677         (put
1678          (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-" (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i)))
1679          'ethio-fidel-char
1680          (ethio-ethiocode-to-char i)))
1681     (setq i (1+ i))))
1682
1683 ;;;###autoload
1684 (defun ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer nil
1685   "Convert each fidel characters in the current buffer into a fidel-tex command.
1686 Each command is always surrounded by braces."
1687   (interactive)
1688   (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
1689
1690     ;; Isolated gemination marks need special treatement
1691     (goto-char (point-min))
1692     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1693       (replace-match "\\geminateG{}" t t))
1694
1695     ;; First, decompose geminations
1696     ;; Here we assume that each composed character consists of
1697     ;; one Ethiopic character and the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1698     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1699
1700     ;; Special treatment for geminated characters
1701     ;; The geminated character (la'') will be "\geminateG{\la}".
1702     (goto-char (point-min))
1703     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1704       (delete-backward-char 1)
1705       (backward-char 1)
1706       (insert "\\geminateG")
1707       (forward-char 1))
1708
1709     ;; Ethiopic characters to TeX macros
1710     (goto-char (point-min))
1711     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1712       (insert
1713        "{\\"
1714        (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1715              (prog1 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))
1716                (backward-delete-char 1)))
1717        "}"))
1718     (goto-char (point-min))
1719     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1720
1721 ;;;###autoload
1722 (defun ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer nil
1723   "Convert fidel-tex commands in the current buffer into fidel chars."
1724   (interactive)
1725   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1726         (p) (ch))
1727
1728     ;; Special treatment for gemination
1729     ;; "\geminateG{\la}" or "\geminateG{{\la}}" will be "\la\e$(3%s\e(B"
1730     ;; "\geminateG{}" remains unchanged.
1731     (goto-char (point-min))
1732     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\geminateG{\\(\\\\[a-zA-Z]+\\)}" nil t)
1733       (replace-match "\\1\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1734
1735     ;; TeX macros to Ethiopic characters
1736     (goto-char (point-min))
1737     (while (search-forward "\\" nil t)
1738       (setq p (point))
1739       (skip-chars-forward "a-zA-Z")
1740       (setq ch
1741             (get (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-"
1742                                  (buffer-substring p (point))))
1743                  'ethio-fidel-char))
1744       (if ch
1745           (progn
1746             (delete-region (1- p) (point)) ; don't forget the preceding "\"
1747             (if (and (= (preceding-char) ?{)
1748                      (= (following-char) ?}))
1749                 (progn
1750                   (backward-delete-char 1)
1751                   (delete-char 1)))
1752             (insert ch))))
1753
1754     ;; compose geminated characters
1755     (goto-char (point-min))
1756     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1757       (compose-region
1758        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1759        (point)))
1760
1761     ;; Now it's time to convert isolated gemination marks.
1762     (goto-char (point-min))
1763     (while (search-forward "\\geminateG{}" nil t)
1764       (replace-match "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1765
1766     (goto-char (point-min))
1767     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1768
1769 ;;
1770 ;; Java support
1771 ;;
1772
1773 ;;;###autoload
1774 (defun ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer nil
1775   "Convert Ethiopic characters into the Java escape sequences.
1776
1777 Each escape sequence is of the form \uXXXX, where XXXX is the
1778 character's codepoint (in hex) in Unicode.
1779
1780 If `ethio-java-save-lowercase' is non-nil, use [0-9a-f].
1781 Otherwise, [0-9A-F]."
1782   (let ((ucode))
1783
1784     ;; first, decompose geminations
1785     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1786
1787     (goto-char (point-min))
1788     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1789       (setq ucode (+ ?\x1200 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))))
1790       (if (> ucode ?\x13bc)
1791           (setq ucode (+ ucode 59952)))
1792       (delete-backward-char 1)
1793       (if ethio-java-save-lowercase
1794           (insert (format "\\u%4x" ucode))
1795         (insert (upcase (format "\\u%4x" ucode)))))))
1796
1797 ;;;###autoload
1798 (defun ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer nil
1799   "Convert the Java escape sequences into corresponding Ethiopic characters."
1800   (let ((ucode))
1801     (goto-char (point-min))
1802     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\u\\([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]\\)" nil t)
1803       (setq ucode
1804             (read
1805              (concat
1806               "?\\x"
1807               (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
1808       (cond
1809        ((and (>= ucode ?\x1200) (<= ucode ?\x13bc))
1810         (replace-match "")
1811         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode ?\x1200))))
1812        ((and (>= ucode ?\xfdf1) (<= ucode ?\xfdff))
1813         (replace-match "")
1814         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode 64560))))
1815        (t
1816         nil)))
1817
1818     ;; gemination
1819     (goto-char (point-min))
1820     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1821       (compose-region
1822        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1823        (point)))
1824     ))
1825
1826 ;;
1827 ;; file I/O hooks
1828 ;;
1829
1830 ;;;###autoload
1831 (defun ethio-find-file nil
1832   "Transcribe file content into Ethiopic depending on filename suffix."
1833   (cond
1834
1835    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1836     (save-excursion
1837       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer nil 'force)
1838       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1839
1840    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1841     (let ((ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3 t))
1842       (save-excursion
1843         (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker 'force)
1844         (goto-char (point-min))
1845         (while (re-search-forward "&[lr]aquote;" nil t)
1846           (if (= (char-after (1+ (match-beginning 0))) ?l)
1847               (replace-match "\e$(3%v\e(B")
1848             (replace-match "\e$(3%w\e(B")))
1849         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1850
1851    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1852     (save-excursion
1853       (ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer)
1854       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1855
1856    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1857     (save-excursion
1858       (ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer)
1859       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1860
1861    (t
1862     nil)))
1863
1864 ;;;###autoload
1865 (defun ethio-write-file nil
1866   "Transcribe Ethiopic characters in ASCII depending on the file extension."
1867   (cond
1868
1869    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1870     (save-excursion
1871       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer nil 'force)
1872       (goto-char (point-min))
1873       (ethio-record-user-preference)
1874       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1875
1876    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1877     (save-excursion
1878       (let ((ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3 t)
1879             (lq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461))
1880             (rq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462)))
1881         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 "&laquote;")
1882         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 "&raquote;")
1883         (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker 'force)
1884         (goto-char (point-min))
1885         (if (search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1886             (ethio-record-user-preference))
1887         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 lq)
1888         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 rq)
1889         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1890
1891    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1892     (save-excursion
1893       (ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer)
1894       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1895
1896    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1897     (save-excursion
1898       (ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer)
1899       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1900
1901    (t
1902     nil)))
1903
1904 (defun ethio-record-user-preference nil
1905   (if (looking-at "\\\\~\\(tir?\\|amh?\\) ")
1906       (goto-char (match-end 0))
1907     (insert (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir ")))
1908   (insert (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\\~-: " "\\~`: ")
1909           (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\\~`| " "\\~`? ")))
1910
1911 ;;
1912 ;; Ethiopic word separator vs. ASCII space
1913 ;;
1914
1915 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-space t)
1916 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-space)
1917
1918 (defun ethio-toggle-space nil
1919   "Toggle ASCII space and Ethiopic separator for keyboard input."
1920   (interactive)
1921   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1922         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-space))
1923   (if (equal current-input-method "ethiopic")
1924       (setq current-input-method-title (quail-title)))
1925   (force-mode-line-update))
1926
1927 (defun ethio-insert-space (arg)
1928   "Insert ASCII spaces or Ethiopic word separators depending on context.
1929
1930 If the current word separator (indicated in mode-line) is the ASCII space,
1931 insert an ASCII space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1932
1933 If the current word separator is the colon-like Ethiopic word
1934 separator and the point is preceded by `an Ethiopic punctuation mark
1935 followed by zero or more ASCII spaces', then insert also an ASCII
1936 space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1937
1938 Otherwise, insert a colon-like Ethiopic word separator.  With ARG, insert that
1939 many Ethiopic word separators."
1940
1941   (interactive "*p")
1942   (cond
1943    (ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1944     (insert-char 32 arg))
1945    ((save-excursion
1946       (skip-chars-backward " ")
1947       (memq (preceding-char)
1948             '(?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\e$(3$l\e(B ?\e$(3$m\e(B ?\e$(3$n\e(B ?\e$(3$o\e(B ?\e$(3%t\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?\e$(3%v\e(B ?\e$(3%w\e(B ?\e$(3%x\e(B)))
1949     (insert-char 32 arg))
1950    (t
1951     (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))))
1952
1953 (defun ethio-insert-ethio-space (arg)
1954   "Insert the Ethiopic word delimiter (the colon-like character).
1955 With ARG, insert that many delimiters."
1956   (interactive "*p")
1957   (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))
1958
1959 ;;
1960 ;; Ethiopic punctuation vs. ASCII punctuation
1961 ;;
1962
1963 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation nil)
1964 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation)
1965
1966 (defun ethio-toggle-punctuation nil
1967   "Toggle Ethiopic punctuations and ASCII punctuations for keyboard input."
1968   (interactive)
1969   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1970         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation))
1971   (let* ((keys '("." ".." "..." "," ",," ";" ";;" ":" "::" ":::" "*" "**"))
1972          (puncs
1973           (if ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1974               '(?. [".."] ["..."] ?, [",,"] ?\; [";;"] ?: ["::"] [":::"] ?* ["**"])
1975             '(?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?. ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?, ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\; ?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?: ?* ?\e$(3$o\e(B))))
1976     (while keys
1977       (quail-defrule (car keys) (car puncs) "ethiopic")
1978       (setq keys (cdr keys)
1979             puncs (cdr puncs)))
1980     (if (equal current-input-method "ethiopic")
1981         (setq current-input-method-title (quail-title)))
1982     (force-mode-line-update)))
1983
1984 ;;
1985 ;; Gemination
1986 ;;
1987
1988 (defun ethio-gemination nil
1989   "Compose the character before the point with the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1990 If the character is already composed, decompose it and remove the gemination
1991 mark."
1992   (interactive "*")
1993   (cond
1994    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'ethiopic)
1995     (insert "\e$(3%s\e(B")
1996     (compose-region
1997      (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1998      (point))
1999     (forward-char 1))
2000    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'leading-code-composition)
2001     (decompose-region
2002      (save-excursion (backward-char 1) (point))
2003      (point))
2004     (delete-backward-char 1))
2005    (t
2006     (error ""))))
2007
2008 ;;
2009 (provide 'ethio-util)
2010
2011 ;;; arch-tag: c8feb3d6-39bf-4b0a-b6ef-26f03fbc8140
2012 ;;; ethio-util.el ends here