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43335a6d | 1 | '\" t |
bfd6d01a | 2 | .\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
dcdd88e0 | 3 | .\" 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
b15a393b GM |
4 | .\" |
5 | .\" This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
6 | .\" | |
7 | .\" GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
8 | .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
fca4a5de | 9 | .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) |
b15a393b GM |
10 | .\" any later version. |
11 | .\" | |
12 | .\" GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
13 | .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
14 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
15 | .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
16 | .\" | |
17 | .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
18 | .\" along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the | |
364c38d3 LK |
19 | .\" Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, |
20 | .\" Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. | |
b15a393b | 21 | .\" |
177338c4 | 22 | '\" t |
20725dbb | 23 | .TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 22.1" |
43335a6d GM |
24 | . |
25 | . | |
a7bfd66f DL |
26 | .SH NAME |
27 | emacs \- GNU project Emacs | |
43335a6d GM |
28 | . |
29 | . | |
a7bfd66f DL |
30 | .SH SYNOPSIS |
31 | .B emacs | |
32 | [ | |
33 | .I command-line switches | |
34 | ] [ | |
43335a6d | 35 | .I files ...\& |
a7bfd66f | 36 | ] |
43335a6d GM |
37 | . |
38 | . | |
a7bfd66f DL |
39 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
40 | .I GNU Emacs | |
177c0ea7 | 41 | is a version of |
43335a6d | 42 | .IR Emacs , |
177c0ea7 | 43 | written by the author of the original (PDP-10) |
43335a6d | 44 | .IR Emacs , |
a7bfd66f DL |
45 | Richard Stallman. |
46 | .br | |
47 | The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual, | |
20725dbb | 48 | which you can read using Info, either from Emacs or as a standalone |
43335a6d GM |
49 | program. |
50 | Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation. | |
20725dbb GM |
51 | This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the |
52 | Emacs maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time | |
53 | this man page takes away from other more useful projects. | |
a7bfd66f DL |
54 | .br |
55 | The user functionality of GNU Emacs encompasses | |
177c0ea7 JB |
56 | everything other |
57 | .I Emacs | |
a7bfd66f DL |
58 | editors do, and it is easily extensible since its |
59 | editing commands are written in Lisp. | |
60 | .PP | |
61 | .I Emacs | |
62 | has an extensive interactive help facility, | |
63 | but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate | |
64 | .I Emacs | |
65 | windows and buffers. | |
43335a6d GM |
66 | CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility. |
67 | Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) starts an interactive tutorial which can | |
68 | teach beginners the fundamentals of | |
177c0ea7 | 69 | .I Emacs |
a7bfd66f DL |
70 | in a few minutes. |
71 | Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you | |
72 | find a command given its functionality, Help Character (CTRL-h c) | |
73 | describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f) | |
74 | describes a given Lisp function specified by name. | |
75 | .PP | |
43335a6d | 76 | .IR Emacs 's |
a7bfd66f DL |
77 | Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is |
78 | easy to recover from editing mistakes. | |
79 | .PP | |
43335a6d | 80 | .IR "GNU Emacs" 's |
a7bfd66f DL |
81 | many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail), |
82 | outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells | |
83 | within | |
84 | .I Emacs | |
85 | windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop | |
20725dbb | 86 | (Lisp-Interaction-Mode), automated psychotherapy (Doctor), and much more. |
a7bfd66f DL |
87 | .PP |
88 | There is an extensive reference manual, but | |
89 | users of other Emacses | |
90 | should have little trouble adapting even | |
43335a6d GM |
91 | without a copy. |
92 | Users new to | |
a7bfd66f DL |
93 | .I Emacs |
94 | will be able | |
95 | to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and | |
96 | using the self-documentation features. | |
43335a6d GM |
97 | . |
98 | .SS Emacs Options | |
a7bfd66f | 99 | The following options are of general interest: |
43335a6d | 100 | .RS |
a7bfd66f DL |
101 | .TP 8 |
102 | .I file | |
103 | Edit | |
43335a6d | 104 | .IR file . |
a7bfd66f | 105 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
106 | .BI \-\-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-find-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-visit " file" |
107 | The same as specifying | |
108 | .I file | |
109 | directly as an argument. | |
110 | .TP | |
111 | .BI + number | |
a7bfd66f DL |
112 | Go to the line specified by |
113 | .I number | |
114 | (do not insert a space between the "+" sign and | |
43335a6d GM |
115 | the number). |
116 | This applies only to the next file specified. | |
a7bfd66f | 117 | .TP |
43335a6d | 118 | .BI + line:column |
2398d10d EZ |
119 | Go to the specified |
120 | .I line | |
121 | and | |
43335a6d | 122 | .IR column . |
2398d10d | 123 | .TP |
43335a6d | 124 | .BR \-q ", " \-\-no\-init\-file |
a7bfd66f DL |
125 | Do not load an init file. |
126 | .TP | |
43335a6d | 127 | .B \-\-no\-site\-file |
2398d10d EZ |
128 | Do not load the site-wide startup file. |
129 | .TP | |
43335a6d GM |
130 | .B \-\-no\-desktop |
131 | Do not load a saved desktop. | |
132 | .TP | |
133 | .BR \-nl ", " \-\-no\-shared\-memory | |
134 | Do not use shared memory. | |
135 | .TP | |
136 | .BR \-Q ", " \-\-quick | |
137 | Equivalent to "\-q \-\-no\-site\-file \-\-no\-splash". | |
138 | .TP | |
139 | .B \-\-no\-splash | |
140 | Do not display a splash screen during start-up. | |
141 | .TP | |
142 | .B \-\-debug\-init | |
177c0ea7 | 143 | Enable |
2398d10d EZ |
144 | .I Emacs |
145 | Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file | |
43335a6d | 146 | .BR ~/.emacs . |
2398d10d EZ |
147 | This is useful for debugging problems in the init file. |
148 | .TP | |
43335a6d | 149 | .BI \-u " user\fR,\fP " \-\-user " user" |
a7bfd66f | 150 | Load |
43335a6d | 151 | .IR user 's |
a7bfd66f DL |
152 | init file. |
153 | .TP | |
43335a6d | 154 | .BI \-t " file\fR,\fP " \-\-terminal " file" |
a7bfd66f DL |
155 | Use specified |
156 | .I file | |
157 | as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout. | |
158 | This must be the first argument specified in the command line. | |
2398d10d | 159 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
160 | .BR \-\-multibyte ", " \-\-no-unibyte |
161 | Enable multibyte mode (enabled by default). | |
162 | .TP | |
163 | .BR \-\-unibyte ", " \-\-no-multibyte | |
164 | Enable unibyte mode. | |
165 | .TP | |
166 | .B \-\-version | |
2398d10d EZ |
167 | Display |
168 | .I Emacs | |
169 | version information and exit. | |
43335a6d GM |
170 | .TP |
171 | .B \-\-help | |
172 | Display this help and exit. | |
173 | .RE | |
a7bfd66f DL |
174 | .PP |
175 | The following options are lisp-oriented | |
176 | (these options are processed in the order encountered): | |
43335a6d | 177 | .RS |
a7bfd66f | 178 | .TP 8 |
43335a6d | 179 | .BI \-f " function\fR,\fP " \-\-funcall " function" |
a7bfd66f | 180 | Execute the lisp function |
43335a6d | 181 | .IR function . |
a7bfd66f | 182 | .TP |
43335a6d | 183 | .BI \-l " file\fR,\fP " \-\-load " file" |
a7bfd66f | 184 | Load the lisp code in the file |
43335a6d | 185 | .IR file . |
2398d10d | 186 | .TP |
43335a6d | 187 | .BI \-\-eval " expr\fR,\fP " \-\-execute " expr" |
2398d10d | 188 | Evaluate the Lisp expression |
43335a6d GM |
189 | .IR expr . |
190 | .RE | |
a7bfd66f DL |
191 | .PP |
192 | The following options are useful when running | |
193 | .I Emacs | |
194 | as a batch editor: | |
43335a6d | 195 | .RS |
a7bfd66f | 196 | .TP 8 |
43335a6d GM |
197 | .B \-\-batch |
198 | Edit in batch mode. | |
199 | The editor will send messages to stderr. | |
200 | This option must be the first in the argument list. | |
201 | You must use \-l and \-f options to specify files to execute | |
202 | and functions to call. | |
203 | .TP | |
204 | .BI \-\-script " file" | |
205 | Run | |
206 | .I file | |
207 | as an Emacs Lisp script. | |
a7bfd66f | 208 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
209 | .BI \-\-insert " file" |
210 | Insert contents of | |
211 | .I file | |
212 | into the current buffer. | |
213 | .TP | |
214 | .B \-\-kill | |
177c0ea7 JB |
215 | Exit |
216 | .I Emacs | |
a7bfd66f | 217 | while in batch mode. |
2398d10d | 218 | .TP |
43335a6d | 219 | .BI \-L " dir\fR,\fP " \-\-directory " dir" |
2398d10d | 220 | Add |
43335a6d | 221 | .I dir |
177c0ea7 | 222 | to the list of directories |
2398d10d EZ |
223 | .I Emacs |
224 | searches for Lisp files. | |
43335a6d GM |
225 | .RE |
226 | . | |
a7bfd66f | 227 | .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X |
43335a6d | 228 | .SS Using Emacs with X |
a7bfd66f DL |
229 | .I Emacs |
230 | has been tailored to work well with the X window system. | |
231 | If you run | |
232 | .I Emacs | |
233 | from under X windows, it will create its own X window to | |
43335a6d GM |
234 | display in. |
235 | You will probably want to start the editor as a background | |
236 | process so that you can continue using your original window. | |
a7bfd66f DL |
237 | .PP |
238 | .I Emacs | |
239 | can be started with the following X switches: | |
43335a6d | 240 | .RS |
a7bfd66f | 241 | .TP 8 |
43335a6d GM |
242 | .BI \-\-name " name" |
243 | Specify the name which should be assigned to the initial | |
a7bfd66f | 244 | .I Emacs |
43335a6d GM |
245 | window. |
246 | This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title. | |
247 | .TP | |
248 | .BI \-T " name\fR,\fP " \-\-title " name" | |
249 | Specify the title for the initial X window. | |
250 | .TP | |
251 | .BR \-r ", " \-rv ", " \-\-reverse\-video | |
a7bfd66f DL |
252 | Display the |
253 | .I Emacs | |
254 | window in reverse video. | |
255 | .TP | |
43335a6d | 256 | .BI \-fn " font\fR,\fP " \-\-font " font" |
a7bfd66f DL |
257 | Set the |
258 | .I Emacs | |
259 | window's font to that specified by | |
43335a6d | 260 | .IR font . |
a7bfd66f DL |
261 | You will find the various |
262 | .I X | |
263 | fonts in the | |
264 | .I /usr/lib/X11/fonts | |
265 | directory. | |
266 | Note that | |
267 | .I Emacs | |
268 | will only accept fixed width fonts. | |
269 | Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the | |
270 | value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed | |
43335a6d GM |
271 | width font. |
272 | Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form | |
a7bfd66f DL |
273 | .IR width x height |
274 | are generally fixed width, as is the font | |
275 | .IR fixed . | |
276 | See | |
43335a6d | 277 | .BR xlsfonts (1) |
a7bfd66f DL |
278 | for more information. |
279 | ||
280 | When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the | |
281 | switch and the font name. | |
282 | .TP | |
43335a6d GM |
283 | .BI \-\-xrm " resources" |
284 | Set additional X resources. | |
285 | .TP | |
286 | .BI "\-\-color\fR,\fP \-\-color=" mode | |
287 | Override color mode for character terminals; | |
288 | .I mode | |
289 | defaults to `auto', and can also be `never', `auto', `always', | |
290 | or a mode name like `ansi8'. | |
291 | .TP | |
292 | .BI \-bw " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-width " pixels" | |
a7bfd66f DL |
293 | Set the |
294 | .I Emacs | |
295 | window's border width to the number of pixels specified by | |
43335a6d | 296 | .IR pixels . |
a7bfd66f DL |
297 | Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window. |
298 | .TP | |
43335a6d | 299 | .BI \-ib " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-internal\-border " pixels" |
a7bfd66f | 300 | Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified |
177c0ea7 | 301 | by |
43335a6d | 302 | .IR pixels . |
a7bfd66f | 303 | Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window. |
43335a6d GM |
304 | .TP |
305 | .BI \-g " geometry\fR,\fP " \-\-geometry " geometry" | |
a7bfd66f DL |
306 | Set the |
307 | .I Emacs | |
43335a6d GM |
308 | window's width, height, and position as specified. |
309 | The geometry specification is in the standard X format; see | |
310 | .BR X (7) | |
a7bfd66f | 311 | for more information. |
43335a6d GM |
312 | The width and height are specified in characters; the default is |
313 | 80 by 24. | |
314 | See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position", | |
62022aad RS |
315 | for information on how window sizes interact |
316 | with selecting or deselecting the tool bar and menu bar. | |
43335a6d GM |
317 | .TP |
318 | .BI \-lsp " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-line\-spacing " pixels" | |
319 | Additional space to put between lines. | |
320 | .TP | |
321 | .BR \-vb ", " \-\-vertical\-scroll\-bars | |
322 | Enable vertical scrollbars. | |
323 | .TP | |
324 | .BR \-fh ", " \-\-fullheight | |
325 | Make the first frame as high as the screen. | |
326 | .TP | |
327 | .BR \-fs ", " \-\-fullscreen | |
328 | Make the first frame fullscreen. | |
329 | .TP | |
330 | .BR \-fw ", " \-\-fullwidth | |
331 | Make the first frame as wide as the screen. | |
332 | .TP | |
333 | .BI \-fg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-foreground\-color " color" | |
334 | On color displays, set the color of the text. | |
a7bfd66f | 335 | |
20725dbb | 336 | Use the command |
43335a6d GM |
337 | .I M\-x list\-colors\-display |
338 | for a list of valid color names. | |
a7bfd66f | 339 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
340 | .BI \-bg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-background\-color " color" |
341 | On color displays, set the color of the window's background. | |
a7bfd66f | 342 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
343 | .BI \-bd " color\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-color " color" |
344 | On color displays, set the color of the window's border. | |
a7bfd66f | 345 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
346 | .BI \-cr " color\fR,\fP " \-\-cursor\-color " color" |
347 | On color displays, set the color of the window's text cursor. | |
a7bfd66f | 348 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
349 | .BI \-ms " color\fR,\fP " \-\-mouse\-color " color" |
350 | On color displays, set the color of the window's mouse cursor. | |
a7bfd66f | 351 | .TP |
43335a6d | 352 | .BI \-d " displayname\fR,\fP " \-\-display " displayname" |
a7bfd66f DL |
353 | Create the |
354 | .I Emacs | |
355 | window on the display specified by | |
356 | .IR displayname . | |
357 | Must be the first option specified in the command line. | |
358 | .TP | |
43335a6d GM |
359 | .BR \-nbi ", " \-\-no\-bitmap\-icon |
360 | Do not use picture of gnu for Emacs icon. | |
361 | .TP | |
362 | .B \-\-iconic | |
363 | Start | |
a7bfd66f | 364 | .I Emacs |
43335a6d GM |
365 | in iconified state. |
366 | .TP | |
367 | .BR \-nbc ", " \-\-no\-blinking\-cursor | |
368 | Disable blinking cursor. | |
369 | .TP | |
370 | .BR \-nw ", " \-\-no\-window\-system | |
371 | Tell | |
372 | .I Emacs | |
373 | not to use its special interface to X. | |
374 | If you use this switch when invoking | |
a7bfd66f DL |
375 | .I Emacs |
376 | from an | |
43335a6d | 377 | .BR xterm (1) |
a7bfd66f | 378 | window, display is done in that window. |
43335a6d GM |
379 | .TP |
380 | .BR \-D ", " \-\-basic\-display | |
381 | This option disables many display features; use it for | |
382 | debugging Emacs. | |
383 | .RE | |
a7bfd66f DL |
384 | .PP |
385 | You can set | |
386 | .I X | |
387 | default values for your | |
388 | .I Emacs | |
389 | windows in your | |
390 | .I \.Xresources | |
391 | file (see | |
43335a6d | 392 | .BR xrdb (1)). |
a7bfd66f DL |
393 | Use the following format: |
394 | .IP | |
43335a6d | 395 | .RI emacs. keyword : value |
a7bfd66f DL |
396 | .PP |
397 | where | |
398 | .I value | |
399 | specifies the default value of | |
43335a6d | 400 | .IR keyword . |
a7bfd66f DL |
401 | .I Emacs |
402 | lets you set default values for the following keywords: | |
43335a6d | 403 | .RS |
a7bfd66f | 404 | .TP 8 |
43335a6d GM |
405 | .BR background " (class " Background ) |
406 | For color displays, | |
407 | sets the window's background color. | |
a7bfd66f | 408 | .TP |
43335a6d | 409 | .BR bitmapIcon " (class " BitmapIcon ) |
a7bfd66f | 410 | If |
43335a6d | 411 | .BR bitmapIcon 's |
a7bfd66f | 412 | value is set to |
43335a6d | 413 | .IR on , |
a7bfd66f DL |
414 | the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink." |
415 | .TP | |
43335a6d GM |
416 | .BR borderColor " (class " BorderColor ) |
417 | For color displays, | |
418 | sets the color of the window's border. | |
419 | .TP | |
420 | .BR borderWidth " (class " BorderWidth ) | |
a7bfd66f DL |
421 | Sets the window's border width in pixels. |
422 | .TP | |
43335a6d GM |
423 | .BR cursorColor " (class " Foreground ) |
424 | For color displays, | |
425 | sets the color of the window's text cursor. | |
a7bfd66f | 426 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
427 | .BR cursorBlink " (class " CursorBlink ) |
428 | Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. | |
429 | The default is | |
430 | .IR on . | |
431 | Use | |
432 | .I off | |
433 | or | |
434 | .I false | |
435 | to turn cursor blinking off. | |
436 | .TP | |
437 | .BR font " (class " Font ) | |
438 | Sets the window's text font. | |
439 | .TP | |
440 | .BR foreground " (class " Foreground ) | |
a7bfd66f DL |
441 | For color displays, |
442 | sets the window's text color. | |
443 | .TP | |
43335a6d GM |
444 | .BR fullscreen " (class " Fullscreen ) |
445 | The desired fullscreen size. | |
446 | The value can be one of | |
447 | .IR fullboth , | |
448 | .IR fullwidth , | |
449 | or | |
450 | .IR fullheight , | |
451 | which correspond to the command-line options `\-fs', `\-fw', and | |
452 | `\-fh', respectively. | |
453 | Note that this applies to the initial frame only. | |
454 | .TP | |
455 | .BR geometry " (class " Geometry ) | |
456 | Sets the geometry of the | |
457 | .I Emacs | |
458 | window (as described above). | |
a7bfd66f | 459 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
460 | .BR iconName " (class " Title ) |
461 | Sets the icon name for the | |
462 | .I Emacs | |
463 | window icon. | |
a7bfd66f | 464 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
465 | .BR internalBorder " (class " BorderWidth ) |
466 | Sets the window's internal border width in pixels. | |
a7bfd66f | 467 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
468 | .BR lineSpacing " (class " LineSpacing ) |
469 | Additional space ("leading") between lines, in pixels. | |
470 | .TP | |
471 | .BR menuBar " (class " MenuBar ) | |
472 | Gives frames menu bars if | |
473 | .IR on ; | |
474 | don't have menu bars if | |
475 | .IR off . | |
476 | See the Emacs manual, sections "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif | |
477 | Resources", for how to control the appearance of the menu bar | |
478 | if you have one. | |
479 | .TP | |
480 | .BR minibuffer " (class " Minibuffer ) | |
481 | If | |
482 | .IR none , | |
483 | don't make a minibuffer in this frame. | |
484 | It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. | |
485 | .TP | |
486 | .BR paneFont " (class " Font ) | |
487 | Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of | |
488 | .IR Emacs . | |
489 | .TP | |
490 | .BR pointerColor " (class " Foreground ) | |
a7bfd66f DL |
491 | For color displays, |
492 | sets the color of the window's mouse cursor. | |
493 | .TP | |
43335a6d GM |
494 | .BR privateColormap " (class " PrivateColormap ) |
495 | If | |
496 | .IR on , | |
497 | use a private color map, in the case where the "default | |
498 | visual" of class | |
499 | .B PseudoColor | |
500 | and | |
501 | .B Emacs | |
502 | is using it. | |
503 | .TP | |
504 | .BR reverseVideo " (class " ReverseVideo ) | |
505 | If | |
506 | .BR reverseVideo 's | |
507 | value is set to | |
508 | .IR on , | |
509 | the window will be displayed in reverse video. | |
510 | .TP | |
511 | .BR screenGamma " (class "ScreenGamma ) | |
512 | Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter | |
513 | `screen\-gamma'. | |
514 | .TP | |
515 | .BR scrollBarWidth " (class "ScrollBarWidth ) | |
516 | The scroll bar width in pixels, equivalent to the frame parameter | |
517 | `scroll\-bar\-width'. | |
a7bfd66f | 518 | .TP |
43335a6d GM |
519 | .BR selectionFont " (class " SelectionFont ) |
520 | Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of | |
521 | .IR Emacs . | |
522 | (For toolkit versions, see the Emacs manual, sections | |
523 | "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif Resources".) | |
524 | .TP | |
525 | .BR selectionTimeout " (class " SelectionTimeout ) | |
526 | Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply. | |
527 | A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary. | |
528 | .TP | |
529 | .BR synchronous " (class " Synchronous ) | |
530 | Run Emacs in synchronous mode if | |
531 | .IR on . | |
532 | Synchronous mode is useful for debugging X problems. | |
533 | .TP | |
534 | .BR title " (class " Title ) | |
a7bfd66f DL |
535 | Sets the title of the |
536 | .I Emacs | |
537 | window. | |
538 | .TP | |
43335a6d GM |
539 | .BR toolBar " (class " ToolBar ) |
540 | Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. | |
541 | .TP | |
542 | .BR useXIM " (class " UseXIM ) | |
543 | Turns off use of X input methods (XIM) if | |
544 | .I false | |
545 | or | |
546 | .IR off . | |
547 | .TP | |
548 | .BR verticalScrollBars " (class " ScrollBars ) | |
549 | Gives frames scroll bars if | |
550 | .IR on ; | |
551 | suppresses scroll bars if | |
552 | .IR off . | |
553 | .TP | |
554 | .BR visualClass " (class " VisualClass ) | |
555 | Specify the "visual" that X should use. | |
556 | This tells X how to handle colors. | |
557 | The value should start with one of | |
558 | .IR TrueColor , | |
559 | .IR PseudoColor , | |
560 | .IR DirectColor , | |
561 | .IR StaticColor , | |
562 | .IR GrayScale , | |
563 | and | |
564 | .IR StaticGray , | |
565 | followed by | |
566 | .BI \- depth\fR,\fP | |
567 | where | |
568 | .I depth | |
569 | is the number of color planes. | |
570 | .RE | |
a7bfd66f DL |
571 | .PP |
572 | If you try to set color values while using a black and white display, | |
573 | the window's characteristics will default as follows: | |
574 | the foreground color will be set to black, | |
575 | the background color will be set to white, | |
576 | the border color will be set to grey, | |
577 | and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black. | |
43335a6d GM |
578 | . |
579 | .SS Using the Mouse | |
a7bfd66f | 580 | .PP |
43335a6d | 581 | The following lists some of the mouse button bindings for the |
a7bfd66f DL |
582 | .I Emacs |
583 | window under X11. | |
43335a6d GM |
584 | . |
585 | .RS | |
177338c4 | 586 | .TS |
43335a6d GM |
587 | l l |
588 | - - | |
177338c4 | 589 | l l. |
a7bfd66f | 590 | MOUSE BUTTON FUNCTION |
a7bfd66f | 591 | left Set point. |
a7bfd66f | 592 | middle Paste text. |
a7bfd66f | 593 | right Cut text into X cut buffer. |
a7bfd66f | 594 | SHIFT-middle Cut text into X cut buffer. |
a7bfd66f | 595 | SHIFT-right Paste text. |
a7bfd66f | 596 | CTRL-middle Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it. |
177338c4 | 597 | CTRL-right T{ |
43335a6d GM |
598 | Select this window, then split it into two windows. |
599 | Same as typing CTRL\-x 2. | |
177338c4 | 600 | T} |
a7bfd66f | 601 | .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS |
177338c4 | 602 | CTRL-SHIFT-left T{ |
e74310ab | 603 | X buffer menu \(em hold the buttons and keys |
43335a6d GM |
604 | down, wait for menu to appear, select buffer, and release. |
605 | Move mouse out of menu and release to cancel. | |
606 | T} | |
607 | CTRL-SHIFT-middle T{ | |
608 | X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help. | |
177338c4 | 609 | T} |
a7bfd66f | 610 | .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS |
177338c4 | 611 | CTRL-SHIFT-right T{ |
43335a6d GM |
612 | Select window with mouse, and delete all other windows. |
613 | Same as typing CTRL\-x 1. | |
177338c4 | 614 | T} |
a7bfd66f | 615 | .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X |
177338c4 | 616 | .TE |
43335a6d GM |
617 | .RE |
618 | . | |
619 | . | |
a7bfd66f DL |
620 | .SH MANUALS |
621 | You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free | |
43335a6d GM |
622 | Software Foundation, which develops GNU software. |
623 | See the file ORDERS for ordering information. | |
a7bfd66f | 624 | .br |
43335a6d GM |
625 | Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available. |
626 | As with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted | |
627 | to make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual. | |
628 | The TeX source to the manual is also included in the Emacs source | |
629 | distribution. | |
630 | . | |
631 | . | |
a7bfd66f | 632 | .SH FILES |
43335a6d | 633 | /usr/local/share/info \(em files for the Info documentation browser. |
20725dbb | 634 | The complete text of the Emacs reference manual is included in a |
43335a6d GM |
635 | convenient tree structured form. |
636 | Also includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, useful to anyone | |
637 | wishing to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language. | |
a7bfd66f | 638 | |
43335a6d GM |
639 | /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp \(em Lisp source files and |
640 | compiled files that define most editing commands. | |
641 | Some are preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when | |
642 | used. | |
177c0ea7 | 643 | |
43335a6d | 644 | /usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH \(em various programs that are |
20725dbb GM |
645 | used with GNU Emacs. |
646 | ||
43335a6d | 647 | /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc \(em various files of information. |
a7bfd66f | 648 | |
43335a6d | 649 | /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* \(em contains the documentation |
a7bfd66f | 650 | strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions |
43335a6d GM |
651 | of GNU Emacs. |
652 | They are stored here to reduce the size of Emacs proper. | |
a7bfd66f | 653 | |
a7bfd66f DL |
654 | /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering |
655 | various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education, | |
656 | troubleshooting, porting and customization. | |
43335a6d GM |
657 | . |
658 | . | |
a7bfd66f | 659 | .SH BUGS |
dcdd88e0 | 660 | There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, for reporting Emacs |
43335a6d GM |
661 | bugs and fixes. |
662 | But before reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that | |
663 | it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a deliberate feature. | |
664 | We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs Bugs'' near the | |
665 | end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints on how and | |
666 | when to report bugs. | |
667 | Also, include the version number of the Emacs you are running in | |
668 | \fIevery\fR bug report that you send in. | |
a7bfd66f | 669 | |
43335a6d GM |
670 | Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. |
671 | The purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone | |
672 | in the next release, if possible. | |
a7bfd66f DL |
673 | For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for |
674 | a list of people who offer it. | |
675 | ||
676 | Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list. | |
dcdd88e0 | 677 | For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the |
43335a6d GM |
678 | file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. |
679 | Bugs tend actually to be fixed if they can be isolated, so it is | |
680 | in your interest to report them in such a way that they can be | |
681 | easily reproduced. | |
682 | . | |
683 | . | |
a7bfd66f | 684 | .SH UNRESTRICTIONS |
177c0ea7 JB |
685 | .I Emacs |
686 | is free; anyone may redistribute copies of | |
687 | .I Emacs | |
a7bfd66f | 688 | to |
177c0ea7 JB |
689 | anyone under the terms stated in the |
690 | .I Emacs | |
a7bfd66f | 691 | General Public License, |
177c0ea7 JB |
692 | a copy of which accompanies each copy of |
693 | .I Emacs | |
a7bfd66f DL |
694 | and which also |
695 | appears in the reference manual. | |
696 | .PP | |
697 | Copies of | |
698 | .I Emacs | |
699 | may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems, | |
700 | but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those | |
43335a6d GM |
701 | systems. |
702 | Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution is permitted. | |
703 | In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public License is to | |
704 | prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to | |
705 | redistribution of | |
706 | .IR Emacs . | |
a7bfd66f | 707 | .PP |
177c0ea7 | 708 | Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend |
43335a6d | 709 | .IR Emacs , |
a7bfd66f | 710 | and urges that |
43335a6d GM |
711 | you contribute your extensions to the GNU library. |
712 | Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement | |
713 | for Unix. | |
a7bfd66f | 714 | Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system. |
43335a6d GM |
715 | . |
716 | . | |
a7bfd66f | 717 | .SH SEE ALSO |
43335a6d GM |
718 | .BR emacsclient (1), |
719 | .BR etags (1), | |
720 | .BR X (7), | |
721 | .BR xlsfonts (1), | |
722 | .BR xterm (1), | |
723 | .BR xrdb (1) | |
724 | . | |
725 | . | |
a7bfd66f | 726 | .SH AUTHORS |
a7bfd66f DL |
727 | .I Emacs |
728 | was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation. | |
729 | Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features. | |
43335a6d GM |
730 | . |
731 | . | |
0096aed2 | 732 | .SH COPYING |
177c0ea7 | 733 | Copyright |
0096aed2 | 734 | .if t \(co |
20725dbb | 735 | .if n (C) |
5b0d63bc | 736 | 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, |
dcdd88e0 | 737 | 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
0096aed2 | 738 | .PP |
2398d10d EZ |
739 | Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this |
740 | document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are | |
741 | preserved on all copies. | |
742 | .PP | |
743 | Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of | |
744 | this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that | |
745 | the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of | |
746 | a permission notice identical to this one. | |
0096aed2 | 747 | .PP |
2398d10d EZ |
748 | Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this |
749 | document into another language, under the above conditions for | |
750 | modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated | |
751 | in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. | |
43335a6d | 752 | . |
ab5796a9 | 753 | .\" arch-tag: 04dfd376-b46e-4924-919a-cecc3b257eaa |