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1 | @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
2 | @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2000, | |
3f548a7c | 3 | @c 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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4 | @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 | @node Frames, International, Windows, Top | |
6 | @chapter Frames and Graphical Displays | |
7 | @cindex frames | |
8 | ||
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9 | When using a graphical display, you can create multiple system-level |
10 | ``windows'' in a single Emacs session. We refer to these system-level | |
11 | windows as @dfn{frames}. A frame initially contains a single Emacs | |
12 | window; however, you can subdivide this Emacs window into smaller | |
13 | windows, all fitting into the same frame. Each frame normally | |
14 | contains its own echo area and minibuffer. | |
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15 | |
16 | To avoid confusion, we reserve the word ``window'' for the | |
17 | subdivisions that Emacs implements, and never use it to refer to a | |
18 | frame. | |
19 | ||
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20 | Any editing you do in one frame affects the other frames. For |
21 | instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank | |
22 | it in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one | |
23 | frame, it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use | |
24 | @kbd{C-x 5 0} (that is zero, not @kbd{o}). | |
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25 | |
26 | Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some windowing functionality, | |
27 | so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter. | |
28 | @iftex | |
29 | @xref{MS-DOS Mouse,,,emacs-xtra,Specialized Emacs Features}. | |
30 | @end iftex | |
31 | @ifnottex | |
32 | @xref{MS-DOS Mouse}. | |
33 | @end ifnottex | |
34 | ||
35 | @menu | |
36 | * Cut and Paste:: Mouse commands for cut and paste. | |
37 | * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list. | |
38 | * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus. | |
39 | * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line. | |
40 | * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents. | |
41 | * Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames. | |
42 | * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame. | |
43 | * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays. | |
44 | * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames. | |
45 | * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames. | |
46 | * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them. | |
47 | * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling. | |
48 | * Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text. | |
49 | * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar. | |
50 | * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar. | |
51 | * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes. | |
52 | * Tooltips:: Displaying information at the current mouse position. | |
53 | * Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way. | |
54 | * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one. | |
55 | * Text-Only Mouse:: Using the mouse in text-only terminals. | |
56 | @end menu | |
57 | ||
58 | @node Cut and Paste | |
59 | @section Killing and Yanking on Graphical Displays | |
60 | ||
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61 | This section describes commands for selecting a region, killing, and |
62 | yanking using the mouse. | |
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63 | |
64 | @menu | |
65 | * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse. | |
8cf51b2c | 66 | * Word and Line Mouse:: Mouse commands for selecting whole words or lines. |
2aee6012 | 67 | * Cut/Paste Other App:: Transfering text between Emacs and other apps. |
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68 | * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark. |
69 | * Clipboard:: Using the clipboard for selections. | |
70 | @end menu | |
71 | ||
72 | @node Mouse Commands | |
73 | @subsection Mouse Commands for Editing | |
74 | @cindex mouse buttons (what they do) | |
75 | ||
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76 | @kindex Mouse-1 |
77 | @kindex Mouse-2 | |
78 | @kindex Mouse-3 | |
2aee6012 | 79 | @table @key |
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80 | @item Mouse-1 |
81 | Move point to where you click (@code{mouse-set-point}). | |
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82 | |
83 | @item Drag-Mouse-1 | |
84 | Activate the region around the text selected by dragging, and copy it | |
85 | to the kill ring (@code{mouse-set-region}). | |
86 | ||
87 | @item Mouse-2 | |
88 | Yank the last killed text at the click position | |
89 | (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}). | |
90 | ||
91 | @item Mouse-3 | |
92 | If the region is active, move the nearer end of the region to the | |
93 | click position; otherwise, set mark at the current value of point and | |
94 | point at the click position. Save the resulting region in the kill | |
95 | ring; on a second click, kill it (@code{mouse-save-then-kill}). | |
96 | @end table | |
97 | ||
98 | @findex mouse-set-point | |
99 | The most basic mouse command is @code{mouse-set-point}, which is | |
100 | called by clicking with the left mouse button, @key{Mouse-1}, in the | |
101 | text area of a window. This moves point to the position where you | |
102 | clicked. | |
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103 | |
104 | @vindex x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position | |
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105 | Normally, Emacs does not distinguish between ordinary mouse clicks |
106 | and clicks that select a frame. When you click on a frame to select | |
107 | it, that also changes the selected window and cursor position | |
108 | according to the mouse click position. On the X window system, you | |
109 | can change this behavior by setting the variable | |
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110 | @code{x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position} to @code{t}. Then the |
111 | first click selects the frame, but does not affect the selected window | |
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112 | or cursor position. If you click again in the same place, that click |
113 | will be in the selected frame, so it will change the window or cursor | |
114 | position. | |
8cf51b2c | 115 | |
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116 | @findex mouse-set-region |
117 | @vindex mouse-drag-copy-region | |
118 | Holding down @key{Mouse-1} and ``dragging'' the mouse over a stretch | |
119 | of text activates the region around that text | |
120 | (@code{mouse-set-region}). @xref{Mark}. Emacs places the mark where | |
121 | you started holding down the mouse button, and point where you release | |
122 | it. In addition, the region is copied into the kill ring (@pxref{Kill | |
123 | Ring}). If you don't want Emacs to copy the region, change the | |
124 | variable @code{mouse-drag-copy-region} to @code{nil}. | |
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125 | |
126 | @vindex mouse-scroll-min-lines | |
2aee6012 | 127 | If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while |
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128 | dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse |
129 | back into the window. This way, you can select regions that don't fit | |
130 | entirely on the screen. The number of lines scrolled per step depends | |
131 | on how far away from the window edge the mouse has gone; the variable | |
132 | @code{mouse-scroll-min-lines} specifies a minimum step size. | |
133 | ||
2aee6012 | 134 | @findex mouse-yank-at-click |
8cf51b2c | 135 | @vindex mouse-yank-at-point |
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136 | Clicking with the middle mouse button, @key{Mouse-2}, moves point to |
137 | the position where you clicked and performs a yank | |
138 | (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}). @xref{Yanking}. If you change the | |
139 | variable @code{mouse-yank-at-point} to a non-@code{nil} value, | |
140 | @kbd{Mouse-2} does not move point. Then it does not matter where you | |
141 | click, or even which of the frame's windows you click on; the yank | |
142 | occurs at the existing point. This variable also affects yanking the | |
143 | primary and secondary selections (@pxref{Cut/Paste Other App}). | |
144 | ||
145 | @findex mouse-save-then-kill | |
146 | Clicking with the right mouse button, @key{Mouse-3}, runs the | |
147 | command @code{mouse-save-then-kill}. This performs several actions | |
148 | depending on where you click and the status of the region: | |
149 | ||
150 | @itemize @bullet | |
151 | @item | |
152 | If no region is active, clicking @key{Mouse-3} activates the region, | |
153 | placing the mark where point was and point at the clicked position. | |
154 | In addition, the text in the region is copied to the kill ring. | |
155 | ||
156 | @item | |
157 | If a region is active, clicking @key{Mouse-3} adjusts the nearer end | |
158 | of the region by moving it to the clicked position. The adjusted | |
159 | region's text is copied to the kill ring; if the text in the original | |
160 | region was already on the kill ring, it replaces it there. | |
161 | ||
162 | @item | |
163 | If you originally specified the region using a double or triple | |
164 | @key{Mouse-1}, so that the region is defined to consist of entire | |
165 | words or lines, then adjusting the region with @key{Mouse-3} also | |
166 | proceeds by entire words or lines. | |
167 | ||
168 | @item | |
169 | If you use @key{Mouse-3} a second time consecutively, at the same | |
170 | place, that kills the region already selected. Thus, the simplest way | |
171 | to kill text with the mouse is to click @key{Mouse-1} at one end, then | |
172 | click @key{Mouse-3} twice at the other end. To copy the text into the | |
173 | kill ring without deleting it from the buffer, press @key{Mouse-3} | |
174 | just once---or just drag across the text with @key{Mouse-1}. Then you | |
175 | can copy it elsewhere by yanking it. | |
176 | @end itemize | |
177 | ||
178 | Whenever you set the region using any of the mouse commands | |
179 | described above, the mark will be deactivated by any subsequent | |
180 | unshifted cursor motion command, in addition to the usual ways of | |
181 | deactivating the mark. @xref{Shift Selection}. While the region | |
182 | remains active, typing @key{Backspace} or @key{Delete} deletes the | |
183 | text in that region and deactivates the mark; this behavior follows a | |
184 | convention established by other graphical programs, and it does | |
185 | @emph{not} apply when you set the region any other way, including | |
186 | shift-selection (@pxref{Shift Selection}). | |
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187 | |
188 | @cindex Delete Selection mode | |
189 | @cindex mode, Delete Selection | |
190 | @findex delete-selection-mode | |
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191 | Many graphical applications also follow the convention that |
192 | insertion while text is selected deletes the selected text. You can | |
193 | make Emacs behave this way by typing @kbd{M-x delete-selection-mode}. | |
194 | This enables a minor mode named Delete Selection mode. Another effect | |
195 | of this mode is that some keys, such as @key{DEL} and @kbd{C-d}, | |
196 | always kill the region if one exists. | |
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197 | |
198 | @node Word and Line Mouse | |
199 | @subsection Mouse Commands for Words and Lines | |
200 | ||
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201 | These variants of @kbd{Mouse-1} select entire words or lines at a |
202 | time. Emacs activates the region around the selected text, which is | |
203 | also copied to the kill ring. | |
8cf51b2c | 204 | |
4fc2e5bf | 205 | @table @key |
8cf51b2c | 206 | @item Double-Mouse-1 |
2aee6012 | 207 | Select the text around the word which you click on. |
8cf51b2c | 208 | |
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209 | Double-clicking on a character with ``symbol'' syntax (such as |
210 | underscore, in C mode) selects the symbol surrounding that character. | |
211 | Double-clicking on a character with open- or close-parenthesis syntax | |
212 | selects the parenthetical grouping which that character starts or | |
213 | ends. Double-clicking on a character with string-delimiter syntax | |
214 | (such as a singlequote or doublequote in C) selects the string | |
215 | constant (Emacs uses heuristics to figure out whether that character | |
216 | is the beginning or the end of it). | |
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217 | |
218 | @item Double-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
2aee6012 | 219 | Select the text you drag across, in the form of whole words. |
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220 | |
221 | @item Triple-Mouse-1 | |
2aee6012 | 222 | Select the line you click on. |
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223 | |
224 | @item Triple-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
2aee6012 | 225 | Select the text you drag across, in the form of whole lines. |
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226 | @end table |
227 | ||
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228 | @node Cut/Paste Other App |
229 | @subsection Cut and Paste with Other Window Applications | |
230 | ||
231 | @cindex X cutting and pasting | |
232 | @cindex X selection | |
233 | @cindex primary selection | |
234 | @cindex selection, primary | |
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235 | When running Emacs under the X window system, you can easily |
236 | transfer text between Emacs and other X applications using the | |
237 | @dfn{primary selection} (also called the @dfn{X selection}). This is | |
238 | @emph{not} the same thing as the @dfn{clipboard}, which is a separate | |
239 | facility used on desktop environments such as Gnome, and on operating | |
240 | systems such as Microsoft Windows (@pxref{Clipboard}). | |
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241 | |
242 | Under X, whenever you select some text in Emacs by dragging or | |
243 | clicking the mouse (@pxref{Mouse Commands}), it is also saved in the | |
244 | primary selection. You can then @dfn{paste} that text into any other | |
245 | X application, usually by clicking @key{Mouse-2} in that application. | |
246 | Unlike the Emacs kill ring (@pxref{Kill Ring}), the primary selection | |
247 | has no ``memory'': each time you save something in the primary | |
248 | selection, either in Emacs or in another X application, the previous | |
249 | contents of the primary selection are lost. | |
250 | ||
251 | Whenever you kill some text using a command such as @kbd{C-w} | |
252 | (@code{kill-region}), or copy it into the kill ring using a command | |
253 | such as @kbd{M-w} (@code{kill-ring-save}), that text is also saved in | |
254 | the primary selection. @xref{Killing}. | |
255 | ||
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256 | @vindex select-active-regions |
257 | @vindex yank-pop-change-selection | |
2aee6012 | 258 | If you set the region using the keyboard, the text within the region |
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259 | is not normally saved to the primary selection. However, if you |
260 | change the variable @code{select-active-regions} to @code{t}, the | |
261 | region is saved to the primary selection each time you activate the | |
262 | mark (the primary selection is @emph{not} updated if you subsequently | |
263 | change the region by moving point). If you change the variable | |
264 | @code{yank-pop-change-selection} to @code{t}, rotating the kill ring | |
265 | with @kbd{M-y} (@code{yank-pop}) also saves the new yank to the | |
266 | primary selection (@pxref{Yanking}). | |
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267 | |
268 | @cindex cut buffer | |
269 | @vindex x-cut-buffer-max | |
270 | Whenever Emacs saves some text to the primary selection, it may also | |
271 | save it to the @dfn{cut buffer}. The cut buffer is an obsolete | |
272 | predecessor to the primary selection; most modern applications do not | |
273 | make use of it. Because saving text to the cut buffer is slow and | |
274 | inefficient, Emacs only does it if the text is shorter than the value | |
275 | of @code{x-cut-buffer-max} (the default is 20000 characters). | |
276 | ||
277 | You can yank the primary selection into Emacs using the usual yank | |
278 | commands, such as @kbd{C-y} (@code{yank}) and @key{Mouse-2} | |
279 | (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}). These commands actually check the | |
280 | primary selection before referring to the kill ring; if no primary | |
281 | selection is available, the kill ring contents are used. To prevent | |
282 | yank commands from accessing the primary selection, set the variable | |
283 | @code{x-select-enable-primary} to @code{nil}. | |
284 | ||
285 | The standard coding system for the primary selection is | |
286 | @code{compound-text-with-extensions}. You may find that the pasted | |
287 | text is not what you expected. In such a case, you can specify | |
288 | another coding system for the selection by typing @kbd{C-x @key{RET} | |
289 | x} or @kbd{C-x @key{RET} X}. Alternatively, you can request a | |
290 | different data type by modifying the variable | |
291 | @code{x-select-request-type}. @xref{Communication Coding}. | |
292 | ||
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293 | @node Secondary Selection |
294 | @subsection Secondary Selection | |
295 | @cindex secondary selection | |
296 | ||
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297 | In addition to the primary selection, the X Window System provides a |
298 | second similar facility known as the @dfn{secondary selection}. | |
299 | Nowadays, few X applications make use of the secondary selection, but | |
300 | you can access it using the following Emacs commands: | |
8cf51b2c | 301 | |
4fc2e5bf | 302 | @table @key |
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303 | @findex mouse-set-secondary |
304 | @kindex M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
4fc2e5bf | 305 | @item M-Drag-Mouse-1 |
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306 | Set the secondary selection, with one end at the place where you press |
307 | down the button, and the other end at the place where you release it | |
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308 | (@code{mouse-set-secondary}). The selected text is highlighted, using |
309 | the @code{secondary-selection} face, as you drag. The window scrolls | |
310 | automatically if you drag the mouse off the top or bottom of the | |
311 | window, just like @code{mouse-set-region} (@pxref{Mouse Commands}). | |
8cf51b2c | 312 | |
e9f5524e | 313 | This command does not alter the kill ring. |
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314 | |
315 | @findex mouse-start-secondary | |
316 | @kindex M-Mouse-1 | |
4fc2e5bf | 317 | @item M-Mouse-1 |
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318 | Set one endpoint for the @dfn{secondary selection} |
319 | (@code{mouse-start-secondary}). | |
320 | ||
321 | @findex mouse-secondary-save-then-kill | |
322 | @kindex M-Mouse-3 | |
4fc2e5bf | 323 | @item M-Mouse-3 |
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324 | Set the secondary selection, with one end at the position clicked and |
325 | the other at the position specified with @kbd{M-Mouse-1} | |
326 | (@code{mouse-secondary-save-then-kill}). This also puts the selected | |
327 | text in the kill ring. A second @kbd{M-@key{Mouse-3}} at the same | |
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328 | place kills the secondary selection just made. |
329 | ||
330 | @findex mouse-yank-secondary | |
331 | @kindex M-Mouse-2 | |
4fc2e5bf | 332 | @item M-Mouse-2 |
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333 | Insert the secondary selection where you click, placing point at the |
334 | end of the yanked text (@code{mouse-yank-secondary}). | |
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335 | @end table |
336 | ||
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337 | Double or triple clicking of @key{M-Mouse-1} operates on words and |
338 | lines, much like @key{Mouse-1}. | |
8cf51b2c | 339 | |
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340 | If @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @key{M-Mouse-2} yanks |
341 | at point. Then it does not matter precisely where you click, or even | |
342 | which of the frame's windows you click on. @xref{Mouse Commands}. | |
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343 | |
344 | @node Clipboard | |
345 | @subsection Using the Clipboard | |
346 | @cindex clipboard | |
8cf51b2c | 347 | |
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348 | In desktop environments such as Gnome, and operating systems such as |
349 | Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X, you can transfer data (usually text) | |
350 | between different applications using the @dfn{clipboard}. The | |
351 | clipboard is distinct from the primary selection and secondary | |
352 | selection discussed earlier. You can access the clipboard through the | |
353 | @samp{Edit} menu of the menu bar (@pxref{Menu Bar}). | |
8cf51b2c | 354 | |
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355 | @cindex cut |
356 | @findex clipboard-kill-region | |
357 | The command @code{clipboard-kill-region}, which is bound to the | |
358 | @code{Cut} menu item, kills the region and saves it in the clipboard. | |
8cf51b2c | 359 | |
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360 | @cindex copy |
361 | @findex clipboard-kill-ring-save | |
362 | The command @code{clipboard-kill-ring-save}, which is bound to the | |
363 | @code{Copy} menu item, copies the region to the kill ring and saves it | |
364 | in the clipboard. | |
365 | ||
366 | @cindex paste | |
367 | The @code{Paste} menu item in the Edit menu yanks the contents of | |
368 | the clipboard at point. | |
369 | ||
370 | @vindex x-select-enable-clipboard | |
371 | You can customize the variable @code{x-select-enable-clipboard} to | |
372 | make the Emacs yank functions consult the clipboard before the primary | |
8cf51b2c | 373 | selection, and to make the kill functions to store in the clipboard as |
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374 | well as the primary selection. Otherwise, these commands do not |
375 | access the clipboard at all. Using the clipboard is the default on | |
376 | MS-Windows and Mac OS, but not on other systems. | |
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377 | |
378 | @node Mouse References | |
379 | @section Following References with the Mouse | |
380 | @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(selection)} | |
381 | @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(selection)} | |
382 | ||
4fc2e5bf CY |
383 | @vindex mouse-highlight |
384 | Some Emacs buffers include @dfn{buttons} which perform some action, | |
385 | such as following a reference. A button is a stretch of text that | |
386 | usually stands out in some way; it may be underlined, or a box may be | |
387 | drawn around it. If you move the mouse over a button, the shape of | |
388 | the mouse cursor changes and the button lights up (if you change the | |
389 | variable @code{mouse-highlight} to @code{nil}, Emacs disables this | |
390 | highlighting). | |
391 | ||
392 | You can activate a button by moving point to it and typing | |
393 | @key{RET}, or by clicking either @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2} on the | |
394 | button. For example, typing @key{RET} or clicking on a file name in a | |
395 | Dired buffer visits that file (@pxref{Dired}). Doing it on an error | |
396 | message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer goes to the source code for | |
397 | that error message (@pxref{Compilation}). Doing it on a completion in | |
398 | the @samp{*Completions*} buffer chooses that completion | |
399 | (@pxref{Completion}). | |
400 | ||
401 | Although clicking @key{Mouse-1} on a button usually activates that | |
402 | button, if you hold the mouse button down for a short period of time | |
403 | before releasing it (specifically, for more than 450 milliseconds), | |
404 | then Emacs moves point where you clicked instead. This behavior | |
405 | allows you to use the mouse to move point over a button without | |
406 | following it. Dragging, meaning moving the mouse while it is held | |
407 | down, has its usual behavior of setting the region. | |
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408 | |
409 | @vindex mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows | |
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410 | Normally, clicking @key{Mouse-1} on a button activates the button |
411 | even if it is in an un-selected window. If you change the variable | |
412 | @code{mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows} to @code{nil}, clicking | |
413 | @key{Mouse-1} on a button in an un-selected window moves point to the | |
414 | clicked position and selects that window, without activating the | |
415 | button. | |
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416 | |
417 | @vindex mouse-1-click-follows-link | |
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418 | In Emacs versions before 22, only @kbd{Mouse-2} activates buttons |
419 | and @kbd{Mouse-1} always sets point. If you prefer this older | |
420 | behavior, set the variable @code{mouse-1-click-follows-link} to | |
421 | @code{nil}. This variable also lets you choose various other | |
422 | alternatives for following links with the mouse. Type @kbd{C-h v | |
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423 | mouse-1-click-follows-link @key{RET}} for more details. |
424 | ||
425 | @node Menu Mouse Clicks | |
426 | @section Mouse Clicks for Menus | |
427 | ||
428 | Several mouse clicks with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} modifiers | |
429 | bring up menus. | |
430 | ||
4fc2e5bf | 431 | @table @key |
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432 | @item C-Mouse-1 |
433 | @kindex C-Mouse-1 | |
434 | This menu is for selecting a buffer. | |
435 | ||
436 | The MSB (``mouse select buffer'') global minor mode makes this | |
437 | menu smarter and more customizable. @xref{Buffer Menus}. | |
438 | ||
439 | @item C-Mouse-2 | |
440 | @kindex C-Mouse-2 | |
441 | This menu is for specifying faces and other text properties | |
442 | for editing formatted text. @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
443 | ||
444 | @item C-Mouse-3 | |
445 | @kindex C-Mouse-3 | |
446 | This menu is mode-specific. For most modes if Menu-bar mode is on, | |
447 | this menu has the same items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus | |
448 | put together. Some modes may specify a different menu for this | |
449 | button.@footnote{Some systems use @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific | |
450 | menu. We took a survey of users, and found they preferred to keep | |
451 | @kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing regions. Hence the decision | |
452 | to use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu. To use @kbd{Mouse-3} instead, | |
453 | do @code{(global-set-key [mouse-3] 'mouse-popup-menubar-stuff)}.} If | |
454 | Menu-bar mode is off, this menu contains all the items which would be | |
455 | present in the menu bar---not just the mode-specific ones---so that | |
456 | you can access them without having to display the menu bar. | |
457 | ||
458 | @item S-Mouse-1 | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
459 | This menu is for changing the default face within the window's buffer. |
460 | @xref{Temporary Face Changes}. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
461 | @end table |
462 | ||
463 | @node Mode Line Mouse | |
464 | @section Mode Line Mouse Commands | |
465 | @cindex mode line, mouse | |
466 | @cindex mouse on mode line | |
467 | ||
468 | You can use mouse clicks on window mode lines to select and manipulate | |
469 | windows. | |
470 | ||
7b6be833 GM |
471 | Some areas of the mode line, such as the buffer name, and major and minor |
472 | mode names, have their own special mouse bindings. These areas are | |
8cf51b2c GM |
473 | highlighted when you hold the mouse over them, and information about |
474 | the special bindings will be displayed (@pxref{Tooltips}). This | |
475 | section's commands do not apply in those areas. | |
476 | ||
477 | @table @kbd | |
478 | @item Mouse-1 | |
479 | @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(mode line)} | |
480 | @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window it belongs to. By | |
481 | dragging @kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus | |
482 | changing the height of the windows above and below. Changing heights | |
483 | with the mouse in this way never deletes windows, it just refuses to | |
484 | make any window smaller than the minimum height. | |
485 | ||
486 | @item Mouse-2 | |
487 | @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(mode line)} | |
488 | @kbd{Mouse-2} on a mode line expands that window to fill its frame. | |
489 | ||
490 | @item Mouse-3 | |
491 | @kindex Mouse-3 @r{(mode line)} | |
492 | @kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window it belongs to. If the | |
493 | frame has only one window, it buries the current buffer instead, and | |
494 | switches to another buffer. | |
495 | ||
496 | @item C-Mouse-2 | |
497 | @kindex C-mouse-2 @r{(mode line)} | |
498 | @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits the window above | |
499 | horizontally, above the place in the mode line where you click. | |
500 | @end table | |
501 | ||
502 | @kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)} | |
503 | @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(scroll bar)} | |
504 | Using @kbd{Mouse-1} on the divider between two side-by-side mode | |
505 | lines, you can move the vertical boundary left or right. Using | |
506 | @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window | |
507 | vertically. @xref{Split Window}. | |
508 | ||
509 | @node Creating Frames | |
510 | @section Creating Frames | |
511 | @cindex creating frames | |
512 | ||
513 | @kindex C-x 5 | |
514 | The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}, with parallel | |
515 | subcommands. The difference is that @kbd{C-x 5} commands create a new | |
516 | frame rather than just a new window in the selected frame (@pxref{Pop | |
517 | Up Window}). If an existing visible or iconified frame already displays | |
518 | the requested material, these commands use the existing frame, after | |
519 | raising or deiconifying as necessary. | |
520 | ||
521 | The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the | |
522 | buffer to select: | |
523 | ||
524 | @table @kbd | |
525 | @item C-x 5 2 | |
526 | @kindex C-x 5 2 | |
527 | @findex make-frame-command | |
528 | Create a new frame (@code{make-frame-command}). | |
529 | @item C-x 5 b @var{bufname} @key{RET} | |
530 | Select buffer @var{bufname} in another frame. This runs | |
531 | @code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame}. | |
532 | @item C-x 5 f @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
533 | Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another frame. This | |
534 | runs @code{find-file-other-frame}. @xref{Visiting}. | |
535 | @item C-x 5 d @var{directory} @key{RET} | |
536 | Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another frame. | |
537 | This runs @code{dired-other-frame}. @xref{Dired}. | |
538 | @item C-x 5 m | |
539 | Start composing a mail message in another frame. This runs | |
540 | @code{mail-other-frame}. It is the other-frame variant of @kbd{C-x m}. | |
541 | @xref{Sending Mail}. | |
542 | @item C-x 5 . | |
543 | Find a tag in the current tag table in another frame. This runs | |
544 | @code{find-tag-other-frame}, the multiple-frame variant of @kbd{M-.}. | |
545 | @xref{Tags}. | |
546 | @item C-x 5 r @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
547 | @kindex C-x 5 r | |
548 | @findex find-file-read-only-other-frame | |
549 | Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another | |
550 | frame. This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-frame}. | |
551 | @xref{Visiting}. | |
552 | @end table | |
553 | ||
554 | @cindex default-frame-alist | |
555 | @cindex initial-frame-alist | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
556 | @cindex face customization, in init file |
557 | @cindex color customization, in init file | |
8cf51b2c GM |
558 | You can control the appearance of new frames you create by setting the |
559 | frame parameters in @code{default-frame-alist}. You can use the | |
560 | variable @code{initial-frame-alist} to specify parameters that affect | |
561 | only the initial frame. @xref{Initial Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs | |
562 | Lisp Reference Manual}, for more information. | |
563 | ||
564 | @cindex font (default) | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
565 | For instance, one way to specify the principal font for all your |
566 | Emacs frames is to modify @code{default-frame-alist} to specify the | |
567 | @code{font} parameter (@pxref{Font X}): | |
8cf51b2c GM |
568 | |
569 | @example | |
570 | (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "10x20")) | |
571 | @end example | |
572 | ||
573 | @noindent | |
574 | Here's a similar example for specifying a foreground color: | |
575 | ||
576 | @example | |
577 | (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(foreground-color . "blue")) | |
578 | @end example | |
579 | ||
580 | @noindent | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
581 | By putting such customizations in your init file, you can control the |
582 | appearance of all the frames Emacs creates, including the initial one. | |
583 | @xref{Init File}. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
584 | |
585 | @node Frame Commands | |
586 | @section Frame Commands | |
587 | ||
588 | The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames: | |
589 | ||
590 | @table @kbd | |
591 | @item C-z | |
592 | @kindex C-z @r{(X windows)} | |
593 | @findex iconify-or-deiconify-frame | |
594 | Iconify the selected Emacs frame (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}). | |
595 | When typed on an Emacs frame's icon, deiconify instead. | |
4fc2e5bf | 596 | @xref{Exiting}. |
8cf51b2c GM |
597 | |
598 | @item C-x 5 0 | |
599 | @kindex C-x 5 0 | |
600 | @findex delete-frame | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
601 | Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed |
602 | if there is only one frame. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
603 | |
604 | @item C-x 5 o | |
605 | @kindex C-x 5 o | |
606 | @findex other-frame | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
607 | Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it. If you |
608 | repeat this command, it cycles through all the frames on your | |
609 | terminal. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
610 | |
611 | @item C-x 5 1 | |
612 | @kindex C-x 5 1 | |
613 | @findex delete-other-frames | |
614 | Delete all frames except the selected one. | |
615 | @end table | |
616 | ||
617 | @vindex focus-follows-mouse | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
618 | To make the command @kbd{C-x 5 o} work properly, you should tell |
619 | Emacs how the system (or the window manager) handles focus-switching | |
620 | between windows. There are two possibilities: either simply moving | |
621 | the mouse onto a window selects it (gives it focus), or you have to | |
622 | click on it to do so. On X, this focus policy also affects whether | |
623 | the focus is given to a frame that Emacs raises. Unfortunately there | |
624 | is no way Emacs can find out automatically which way the system | |
625 | handles this, so you have to explicitly say, by setting the variable | |
626 | @code{focus-follows-mouse}. If just moving the mouse onto a window | |
627 | selects it, that variable should be @code{t}; if a click is necessary, | |
628 | the variable should be @code{nil}. The default is @code{t}. | |
629 | ||
630 | The window manager that is part of MS-Windows always gives focus to | |
631 | a frame that raises, so this variable has no effect in the native | |
8cf51b2c GM |
632 | MS-Windows build of Emacs. |
633 | ||
634 | @node Speedbar | |
635 | @section Speedbar Frames | |
636 | @cindex speedbar | |
637 | ||
638 | @cindex attached frame (of speedbar) | |
639 | The @dfn{speedbar} is a special frame for conveniently navigating in | |
640 | or operating on another frame. The speedbar, when it exists, is | |
641 | always associated with a specific frame, called its @dfn{attached | |
642 | frame}; all speedbar operations act on that frame. | |
643 | ||
644 | Type @kbd{M-x speedbar} to create the speedbar and associate it with | |
645 | the current frame. To dismiss the speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar} | |
646 | again, or select the speedbar and type @kbd{q}. (You can also delete | |
647 | the speedbar frame like any other Emacs frame.) If you wish to | |
648 | associate the speedbar with a different frame, dismiss it and call | |
649 | @kbd{M-x speedbar} from that frame. | |
650 | ||
651 | The speedbar can operate in various modes. Its default mode is | |
652 | @dfn{File Display} mode, which shows the files in the current | |
653 | directory of the selected window of the attached frame, one file per | |
654 | line. Clicking on a file name visits that file in the selected window | |
655 | of the attached frame, and clicking on a directory name shows that | |
656 | directory in the speedbar (@pxref{Mouse References}). Each line also | |
657 | has a box, @samp{[+]} or @samp{<+>}, that you can click on to | |
658 | @dfn{expand} the contents of that item. Expanding a directory adds | |
659 | the contents of that directory to the speedbar display, underneath the | |
660 | directory's own line. Expanding an ordinary file adds a list of the | |
661 | tags in that file to the speedbar display; you can click on a tag name | |
662 | to jump to that tag in the selected window of the attached frame. | |
663 | When a file or directory is expanded, the @samp{[+]} changes to | |
664 | @samp{[-]}; you can click on that box to @dfn{contract} the item, | |
665 | hiding its contents. | |
666 | ||
667 | You navigate through the speedbar using the keyboard, too. Typing | |
668 | @kbd{RET} while point is on a line in the speedbar is equivalent to | |
669 | clicking the item on the current line, and @kbd{SPC} expands or | |
670 | contracts the item. @kbd{U} displays the parent directory of the | |
671 | current directory. To copy, delete, or rename the file on the current | |
672 | line, type @kbd{C}, @kbd{D}, and @kbd{R} respectively. To create a | |
673 | new directory, type @kbd{M}. | |
674 | ||
675 | Another general-purpose speedbar mode is @dfn{Buffer Display} mode; | |
676 | in this mode, the speedbar displays a list of Emacs buffers. To | |
677 | switch to this mode, type @kbd{b} in the speedbar. To return to File | |
678 | Display mode, type @kbd{f}. You can also change the display mode by | |
679 | clicking @kbd{mouse-3} anywhere in the speedbar window (or | |
680 | @kbd{mouse-1} on the mode-line) and selecting @samp{Displays} in the | |
681 | pop-up menu. | |
682 | ||
683 | Some major modes, including Rmail mode, Info, and GUD, have | |
684 | specialized ways of putting useful items into the speedbar for you to | |
685 | select. For example, in Rmail mode, the speedbar shows a list of Rmail | |
686 | files, and lets you move the current message to another Rmail file by | |
687 | clicking on its @samp{<M>} box. | |
688 | ||
689 | For more details on using and programming the speedbar, @xref{Top, | |
690 | Speedbar,,speedbar, Speedbar Manual}. | |
691 | ||
692 | @node Multiple Displays | |
693 | @section Multiple Displays | |
694 | @cindex multiple displays | |
695 | ||
696 | A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display. Initially, Emacs | |
697 | uses just one display---the one specified with the @env{DISPLAY} | |
698 | environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option (@pxref{Initial | |
699 | Options}). To connect to another display, use the command | |
700 | @code{make-frame-on-display}: | |
701 | ||
702 | @findex make-frame-on-display | |
703 | @table @kbd | |
704 | @item M-x make-frame-on-display @key{RET} @var{display} @key{RET} | |
705 | Create a new frame on display @var{display}. | |
706 | @end table | |
707 | ||
708 | A single X server can handle more than one screen. When you open | |
709 | frames on two screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows they share a | |
710 | single keyboard, and it treats all the commands arriving from these | |
711 | screens as a single stream of input. | |
712 | ||
713 | When you open frames on different X servers, Emacs makes a separate | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
714 | input stream for each server. Each server also has its own selected |
715 | frame. The commands you enter with a particular X server apply to | |
716 | that server's selected frame. | |
8cf51b2c | 717 | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
718 | It is even possible to use this feature to let two or more users |
719 | type simultaneously on the two displays, within the same Emacs job. | |
720 | In practice, however, the different users can easily interfere with | |
721 | each others' edits if they are not careful. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
722 | |
723 | @node Special Buffer Frames | |
724 | @section Special Buffer Frames | |
725 | ||
726 | @vindex special-display-buffer-names | |
727 | You can make certain chosen buffers, which Emacs normally displays | |
728 | in ``another window,'' appear in special frames of their own. To do | |
729 | this, set the variable @code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list | |
730 | of buffer names; any buffer whose name is in that list automatically | |
731 | gets a special frame, when an Emacs command wants to display it ``in | |
732 | another window.'' | |
733 | ||
734 | For example, if you set the variable this way, | |
735 | ||
736 | @example | |
737 | (setq special-display-buffer-names | |
738 | '("*Completions*" "*grep*" "*tex-shell*")) | |
739 | @end example | |
740 | ||
741 | @noindent | |
742 | then completion lists, @code{grep} output and the @TeX{} mode shell | |
743 | buffer get individual frames of their own. These frames, and the | |
744 | windows in them, are never automatically split or reused for any other | |
745 | buffers. They continue to show the buffers they were created for, | |
746 | unless you alter them by hand. Killing the special buffer deletes its | |
747 | frame automatically. | |
748 | ||
749 | @vindex special-display-regexps | |
750 | More generally, you can set @code{special-display-regexps} to a list | |
751 | of regular expressions; then a buffer gets its own frame if its name | |
752 | matches any of those regular expressions. (Once again, this applies only | |
753 | to buffers that normally get displayed for you in ``another window.'') | |
754 | ||
755 | @vindex special-display-frame-alist | |
756 | The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame | |
757 | parameters for these frames. It has a default value, so you don't need | |
758 | to set it. | |
759 | ||
760 | For those who know Lisp, an element of | |
761 | @code{special-display-buffer-names} or @code{special-display-regexps} | |
762 | can also be a list. Then the first element is the buffer name or | |
763 | regular expression; the rest of the list specifies how to create the | |
764 | frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter | |
765 | values; these values take precedence over parameter values specified | |
766 | in @code{special-display-frame-alist}. If you specify the symbol | |
767 | @code{same-window} as a ``frame parameter'' in this list, with a | |
768 | non-@code{nil} value, that means to use the selected window if | |
769 | possible. If you use the symbol @code{same-frame} as a ``frame | |
770 | parameter'' in this list, with a non-@code{nil} value, that means to | |
771 | use the selected frame if possible. | |
772 | ||
773 | Alternatively, the value can have this form: | |
774 | ||
775 | @example | |
776 | (@var{function} @var{args}...) | |
777 | @end example | |
778 | ||
779 | @noindent | |
780 | where @var{function} is a symbol. Then the frame is constructed by | |
781 | calling @var{function}; its first argument is the buffer, and its | |
782 | remaining arguments are @var{args}. | |
783 | ||
784 | An analogous feature lets you specify buffers which should be | |
785 | displayed in the selected window. @xref{Force Same Window}. The | |
786 | same-window feature takes precedence over the special-frame feature; | |
787 | therefore, if you add a buffer name to | |
788 | @code{special-display-buffer-names} and it has no effect, check to see | |
789 | whether that feature is also in use for the same buffer name. | |
790 | ||
791 | @node Frame Parameters | |
792 | @section Setting Frame Parameters | |
793 | @cindex Auto-Raise mode | |
794 | @cindex Auto-Lower mode | |
795 | ||
8cf51b2c | 796 | These commands are available for controlling the window management |
4fc2e5bf | 797 | behavior of the selected frame: |
8cf51b2c GM |
798 | |
799 | @table @kbd | |
800 | @findex auto-raise-mode | |
801 | @item M-x auto-raise-mode | |
802 | Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-raise. Auto-raise | |
803 | means that every time you move the mouse onto the frame, it raises the | |
804 | frame. | |
805 | ||
806 | Some window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable | |
807 | auto-raise for Emacs frames in your window manager, it will work, but | |
808 | it is beyond Emacs' control, so @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect | |
809 | on it. | |
810 | ||
811 | @findex auto-lower-mode | |
812 | @item M-x auto-lower-mode | |
813 | Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-lower. | |
814 | Auto-lower means that every time you move the mouse off the frame, | |
815 | the frame moves to the bottom of the stack on the screen. | |
816 | ||
817 | The command @code{auto-lower-mode} has no effect on auto-lower | |
818 | implemented by the window manager. To control that, you must use the | |
819 | appropriate window manager features. | |
820 | @end table | |
821 | ||
822 | In Emacs versions that use an X toolkit, the color-setting and | |
823 | font-setting functions don't affect menus and the menu bar, since they | |
824 | are displayed by their own widget classes. To change the appearance of | |
825 | the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources}). | |
826 | @xref{Colors}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of | |
827 | font. | |
828 | ||
829 | Colors, fonts, and other attributes of the frame's display can also | |
830 | be customized by setting frame parameters in the variable | |
831 | @code{default-frame-alist} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). For a detailed | |
832 | description of frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame | |
833 | Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
834 | ||
835 | @node Scroll Bars | |
836 | @section Scroll Bars | |
837 | @cindex Scroll Bar mode | |
838 | @cindex mode, Scroll Bar | |
839 | ||
840 | On graphical displays, Emacs normally makes a @dfn{scroll bar} at | |
c5c040a7 | 841 | the left of each Emacs window, running the height of the |
4fc2e5bf CY |
842 | window.@footnote{Placing it at the left is usually more useful with |
843 | overlapping frames with text starting at the left margin.} | |
844 | ||
c5c040a7 | 845 | When Emacs is compiled with GTK+ support on the X window system, or |
4fc2e5bf CY |
846 | in operating systems such as Microsoft Windows or Mac OS, you can use |
847 | the scroll bar as you do in other graphical applications. If you | |
848 | click @key{Mouse-1} on the scroll bar's up and down buttons, that | |
849 | scrolls the window by one line at a time. Clicking @key{Mouse-1} | |
850 | above or below the scroll bar's inner box scrolls the window by nearly | |
851 | the entire height of the window, like @kbd{M-v} and @kbd{C-v} | |
852 | respectively (@pxref{Moving Point}). Dragging the inner box with | |
853 | @key{Mouse-1} scrolls the window continuously. | |
854 | ||
c5c040a7 CY |
855 | If Emacs is compiled without GTK+ support on the X window system, |
856 | the scroll bar behaves differently. The scroll bar's inner box is | |
857 | drawn to represent the portion of the buffer currently displayed, with | |
858 | the entire height of the scroll bar representing the entire length of | |
859 | the buffer. @key{Mouse-1} anywhere on the scroll bar scrolls forward | |
860 | like @kbd{C-v}, and @key{Mouse-3} scrolls backward like @kbd{M-v}. | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
861 | Clicking @key{Mouse-2} in the scroll bar lets you move or drag the |
862 | inner box up and down. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
863 | |
864 | You can also click @kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the scroll bar to split a | |
865 | window vertically. The split occurs on the line where you click. | |
866 | ||
867 | @findex scroll-bar-mode | |
868 | @vindex scroll-bar-mode | |
4fc2e5bf CY |
869 | You can toggle the use of the scroll bar with the command @kbd{M-x |
870 | scroll-bar-mode}. With a prefix argument, this command turns use of | |
871 | scroll bars on if and only if the argument is positive. This command | |
872 | applies to all frames, including frames yet to be created. Customize | |
873 | the variable @code{scroll-bar-mode} to control the use of scroll bars | |
874 | at startup. You can use it to specify that they are placed at the | |
875 | right of windows if you prefer that. You have to set this variable | |
876 | through the @samp{Customize} interface (@pxref{Easy Customization}), | |
877 | or it will not work properly. You can also use the X resource | |
878 | @samp{verticalScrollBars} to control the initial setting of Scroll Bar | |
879 | mode. @xref{Resources}. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
880 | |
881 | @findex toggle-scroll-bar | |
882 | To enable or disable scroll bars for just the selected frame, use the | |
883 | command @kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar}. | |
884 | ||
885 | @vindex scroll-bar-width | |
886 | @cindex width of the scroll bar | |
887 | You can control the scroll bar width by changing the value of the | |
888 | @code{scroll-bar-width} frame parameter. | |
889 | ||
890 | @node Wheeled Mice | |
891 | @section Scrolling With ``Wheeled'' Mice | |
892 | ||
893 | @cindex mouse wheel | |
894 | @cindex wheel, mouse | |
895 | @findex mouse-wheel-mode | |
896 | @cindex Mouse Wheel minor mode | |
897 | @cindex mode, Mouse Wheel | |
898 | Some mice have a ``wheel'' instead of a third button. You can | |
899 | usually click the wheel to act as either @kbd{Mouse-2} or | |
900 | @kbd{Mouse-3}, depending on the setup. You can also use the wheel to | |
901 | scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands. | |
902 | Mouse wheel support only works if the system generates appropriate | |
903 | events; whenever possible, it is turned on by default. To toggle this | |
904 | feature, use @kbd{M-x mouse-wheel-mode}. | |
905 | ||
906 | @vindex mouse-wheel-follow-mouse | |
907 | @vindex mouse-wheel-scroll-amount | |
908 | @vindex mouse-wheel-progressive-speed | |
909 | The two variables @code{mouse-wheel-follow-mouse} and | |
910 | @code{mouse-wheel-scroll-amount} determine where and by how much | |
911 | buffers are scrolled. The variable | |
912 | @code{mouse-wheel-progressive-speed} determines whether the scroll | |
913 | speed is linked to how fast you move the wheel. | |
914 | ||
915 | @node Drag and Drop | |
916 | @section Drag and Drop | |
917 | @cindex drag and drop | |
918 | ||
919 | Emacs supports @dfn{drag and drop} using the mouse. For instance, | |
920 | dropping text onto an Emacs frame inserts the text where it is dropped. | |
921 | Dropping a file onto an Emacs frame visits that file. As a special | |
922 | case, dropping the file on a Dired buffer moves or copies the file | |
923 | (according to the conventions of the application it came from) into the | |
924 | directory displayed in that buffer. | |
925 | ||
926 | @vindex dnd-open-file-other-window | |
927 | Dropping a file normally visits it in the window you drop it on. If | |
928 | you prefer to visit the file in a new window in such cases, customize | |
929 | the variable @code{dnd-open-file-other-window}. | |
930 | ||
931 | The XDND and Motif drag and drop protocols, and the old KDE 1.x | |
932 | protocol, are currently supported. | |
933 | ||
934 | @node Menu Bars | |
935 | @section Menu Bars | |
936 | @cindex Menu Bar mode | |
937 | @cindex mode, Menu Bar | |
938 | @findex menu-bar-mode | |
939 | @vindex menu-bar-mode | |
940 | ||
941 | You can turn display of menu bars on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
942 | menu-bar-mode} or by customizing the variable @code{menu-bar-mode}. | |
943 | With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a | |
944 | minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the | |
945 | argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. You can use | |
946 | the X resource @samp{menuBarLines} to control the initial setting of | |
947 | Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources}. | |
948 | ||
949 | @kindex C-Mouse-3 @r{(when menu bar is disabled)} | |
950 | Expert users often turn off the menu bar, especially on text-only | |
951 | terminals, where this makes one additional line available for text. | |
952 | If the menu bar is off, you can still pop up a menu of its contents | |
953 | with @kbd{C-Mouse-3} on a display which supports pop-up menus. | |
954 | @xref{Menu Mouse Clicks}. | |
955 | ||
956 | @xref{Menu Bar}, for information on how to invoke commands with the | |
957 | menu bar. @xref{X Resources}, for how to customize the menu bar | |
958 | menus' visual appearance. | |
959 | ||
960 | @node Tool Bars | |
961 | @section Tool Bars | |
962 | @cindex Tool Bar mode | |
963 | @cindex mode, Tool Bar | |
964 | @cindex icons, toolbar | |
965 | ||
966 | The @dfn{tool bar} is a line (or lines) of icons at the top of the | |
967 | Emacs window, just below the menu bar. You can click on these icons | |
968 | with the mouse to do various jobs. | |
969 | ||
970 | The global tool bar contains general commands. Some major modes | |
971 | define their own tool bars to replace it. A few ``special'' modes | |
972 | that are not designed for ordinary editing remove some items from the | |
973 | global tool bar. | |
974 | ||
975 | Tool bars work only on a graphical display. The tool bar uses colored | |
976 | XPM icons if Emacs was built with XPM support. Otherwise, the tool | |
977 | bar uses monochrome icons (PBM or XBM format). | |
978 | ||
979 | @findex tool-bar-mode | |
980 | @vindex tool-bar-mode | |
981 | You can turn display of tool bars on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
982 | tool-bar-mode} or by customizing the option @code{tool-bar-mode}. | |
983 | ||
984 | @node Dialog Boxes | |
985 | @section Using Dialog Boxes | |
986 | @cindex dialog boxes | |
987 | ||
988 | @vindex use-dialog-box | |
989 | A dialog box is a special kind of menu for asking you a yes-or-no | |
990 | question or some other special question. Many Emacs commands use a | |
991 | dialog box to ask a yes-or-no question, if you used the mouse to | |
c5c040a7 | 992 | invoke the command that led to the question. |
8cf51b2c | 993 | |
c5c040a7 CY |
994 | To disable the use of dialog boxes, change the variable |
995 | @code{use-dialog-box} to @code{nil}. In that case, Emacs always | |
996 | performs yes-or-no prompts using the echo area and keyboard input. | |
997 | This variable also controls whether to use file selection windows (but | |
998 | those are not supported on all platforms). | |
8cf51b2c GM |
999 | |
1000 | @vindex use-file-dialog | |
1001 | A file selection window is a special kind of dialog box for asking | |
1002 | for file names. You can customize the variable @code{use-file-dialog} | |
1003 | to suppress the use of file selection windows, even if you still want | |
1004 | other kinds of dialogs. This variable has no effect if you have | |
1005 | suppressed all dialog boxes with the variable @code{use-dialog-box}. | |
1006 | ||
1007 | @vindex x-gtk-show-hidden-files | |
8cf51b2c | 1008 | @vindex x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog |
8cf51b2c | 1009 | @vindex x-gtk-file-dialog-help-text |
c5c040a7 CY |
1010 | When Emacs is compiled with GTK+ support, it uses the GTK+ ``file |
1011 | chooser'' dialog. Emacs adds an additional toggle button to this | |
1012 | dialog, which you can use to enable or disable the display of hidden | |
1013 | files (files starting with a dot) in that dialog. If you want this | |
1014 | toggle to be activated by default, change the variable | |
1015 | @code{x-gtk-show-hidden-files} to @code{t}. In addition, Emacs adds | |
1016 | help text to the GTK+ file chooser dialog; to disable this help text, | |
1017 | change the variable @code{x-gtk-file-dialog-help-text} to @code{nil}. | |
1018 | ||
1019 | In GTK+ versions 2.4 through 2.10, you can choose to use an older | |
1020 | version of the GTK+ file dialog by setting the variable | |
1021 | @code{x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog} to a non-@code{nil} value. If Emacs | |
1022 | is built with a GTK+ version that has only one file dialog, this | |
1023 | variable has no effect. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1024 | |
1025 | @node Tooltips | |
1026 | @section Tooltips | |
1027 | @cindex tooltips | |
1028 | ||
1029 | @dfn{Tooltips} are small windows that display text information at the | |
1030 | current mouse position. They activate when there is a pause in mouse | |
1031 | movement. There are two types of tooltip: help tooltips and GUD | |
1032 | tooltips. | |
1033 | ||
1034 | @dfn{Help tooltips} typically display over text---including the mode | |
1035 | line---but are also available for other parts of the Emacs frame, such | |
1036 | as the tool bar and menu items. | |
1037 | ||
1038 | @findex tooltip-mode | |
1039 | You can toggle display of help tooltips (Tooltip mode) with the | |
1040 | command @kbd{M-x tooltip-mode}. When Tooltip mode is disabled, the | |
1041 | help text is displayed in the echo area instead. | |
1042 | ||
1043 | @dfn{GUD tooltips} show values of variables. They are useful when | |
1044 | you are debugging a program. @xref{Debugger Operation}. | |
1045 | ||
1046 | @vindex tooltip-delay | |
1047 | The variables @code{tooltip-delay} specifies how long Emacs should | |
1048 | wait before displaying a tooltip. For additional customization | |
1049 | options for displaying tooltips, use @kbd{M-x customize-group | |
1050 | @key{RET} tooltip @key{RET}}. @xref{X Resources}, for information on | |
1051 | customizing the windows that display tooltips. | |
1052 | ||
1053 | @node Mouse Avoidance | |
1054 | @section Mouse Avoidance | |
1055 | @cindex avoiding mouse in the way of your typing | |
1056 | @cindex mouse avoidance | |
1057 | ||
1058 | @vindex mouse-avoidance-mode | |
1059 | Mouse Avoidance mode keeps the mouse pointer away from point, to avoid | |
1060 | obscuring text you want to edit. Whenever it moves the mouse, it also | |
1061 | raises the frame. To use Mouse Avoidance mode, customize the variable | |
1062 | @code{mouse-avoidance-mode}. You can set this to various values to | |
1063 | move the mouse in several ways: | |
1064 | ||
1065 | @table @code | |
1066 | @item banish | |
1067 | Move the mouse to the upper-right corner on any key-press; | |
1068 | @item exile | |
1069 | Move the mouse to the corner only if the cursor gets too close, | |
1070 | and allow it to return once the cursor is out of the way; | |
1071 | @item jump | |
1072 | If the cursor gets too close to the mouse, displace the mouse | |
1073 | a random distance & direction; | |
1074 | @item animate | |
1075 | As @code{jump}, but shows steps along the way for illusion of motion; | |
1076 | @item cat-and-mouse | |
1077 | The same as @code{animate}; | |
1078 | @item proteus | |
1079 | As @code{animate}, but changes the shape of the mouse pointer too. | |
1080 | @end table | |
1081 | ||
1082 | @findex mouse-avoidance-mode | |
1083 | You can also use the command @kbd{M-x mouse-avoidance-mode} to enable | |
1084 | the mode. | |
1085 | ||
1086 | @node Non-Window Terminals | |
1087 | @section Non-Window Terminals | |
1088 | @cindex non-window terminals | |
1089 | @cindex single-frame terminals | |
1090 | ||
1091 | On a text-only terminal, Emacs can display only one Emacs frame at a | |
1092 | time. However, you can still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch | |
1093 | between them. Switching frames on these terminals is much like | |
1094 | switching between different window configurations. | |
1095 | ||
1096 | Use @kbd{C-x 5 2} to create a new frame and switch to it; use @kbd{C-x | |
1097 | 5 o} to cycle through the existing frames; use @kbd{C-x 5 0} to delete | |
1098 | the current frame. | |
1099 | ||
1100 | Each frame has a number to distinguish it. If your terminal can | |
1101 | display only one frame at a time, the selected frame's number @var{n} | |
1102 | appears near the beginning of the mode line, in the form | |
1103 | @samp{F@var{n}}. | |
1104 | ||
1105 | @findex set-frame-name | |
1106 | @findex select-frame-by-name | |
1107 | @samp{F@var{n}} is in fact the frame's initial name. You can give | |
1108 | frames more meaningful names if you wish, and you can select a frame | |
1109 | by its name. Use the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET} | |
1110 | @var{name} @key{RET}} to specify a new name for the selected frame, | |
1111 | and use @kbd{M-x select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} | |
1112 | to select a frame according to its name. The name you specify appears | |
1113 | in the mode line when the frame is selected. | |
1114 | ||
1115 | @node Text-Only Mouse | |
1116 | @section Using a Mouse in Terminal Emulators | |
1117 | @cindex mouse support | |
1118 | @cindex terminal emulators, mouse support | |
1119 | ||
c5c040a7 | 1120 | Some text-only terminals support mouse clicks in the terminal window. |
8cf51b2c GM |
1121 | |
1122 | @cindex xterm | |
1123 | In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @code{xterm}, | |
1124 | you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to give Emacs control over | |
1125 | simple use of the mouse---basically, only non-modified single clicks | |
1126 | are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse functionality for such | |
1127 | clicks is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key when you | |
1128 | press the mouse button. Xterm Mouse mode is a global minor mode | |
1129 | (@pxref{Minor Modes}). Repeating the command turns the mode off | |
1130 | again. | |
1131 | ||
c5c040a7 CY |
1132 | In the console on GNU/Linux, you can use @kbd{M-x t-mouse-mode} to |
1133 | enable terminal mouse support. You must have the gpm package | |
1134 | installed and running on your system in order for this to work. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
1135 | |
1136 | @ignore | |
1137 | arch-tag: 7dcf3a31-a43b-45d4-a900-445b10d77e49 | |
1138 | @end ignore |