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1 | @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
2 | @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2000, | |
3f548a7c | 3 | @c 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
8cf51b2c GM |
4 | @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 | @node Frames, International, Windows, Top | |
6 | @chapter Frames and Graphical Displays | |
7 | @cindex frames | |
8 | ||
9 | When using a graphical display, you can create multiple windows at | |
10 | the system in a single Emacs session. Each system-level window that | |
11 | belongs to Emacs displays a @dfn{frame} which can contain one or | |
12 | several Emacs windows. A frame initially contains a single | |
13 | general-purpose Emacs window which you can subdivide vertically or | |
14 | horizontally into smaller windows. A frame normally contains its own | |
15 | echo area and minibuffer, but you can make frames that don't have | |
16 | these---they use the echo area and minibuffer of another frame. | |
17 | ||
18 | To avoid confusion, we reserve the word ``window'' for the | |
19 | subdivisions that Emacs implements, and never use it to refer to a | |
20 | frame. | |
21 | ||
22 | Editing you do in one frame affects the other frames. For | |
23 | instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank it | |
24 | in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one frame, | |
25 | it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use @kbd{C-x 5 | |
26 | 0} (that is zero, not @kbd{o}). | |
27 | ||
28 | Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some windowing functionality, | |
29 | so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter. | |
30 | @iftex | |
31 | @xref{MS-DOS Mouse,,,emacs-xtra,Specialized Emacs Features}. | |
32 | @end iftex | |
33 | @ifnottex | |
34 | @xref{MS-DOS Mouse}. | |
35 | @end ifnottex | |
36 | ||
37 | @menu | |
38 | * Cut and Paste:: Mouse commands for cut and paste. | |
39 | * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list. | |
40 | * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus. | |
41 | * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line. | |
42 | * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents. | |
43 | * Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames. | |
44 | * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame. | |
45 | * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays. | |
46 | * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames. | |
47 | * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames. | |
48 | * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them. | |
49 | * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling. | |
50 | * Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text. | |
51 | * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar. | |
52 | * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar. | |
53 | * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes. | |
54 | * Tooltips:: Displaying information at the current mouse position. | |
55 | * Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way. | |
56 | * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one. | |
57 | * Text-Only Mouse:: Using the mouse in text-only terminals. | |
58 | @end menu | |
59 | ||
60 | @node Cut and Paste | |
61 | @section Killing and Yanking on Graphical Displays | |
62 | ||
63 | This section describes facilities for selecting a region, killing, | |
64 | and yanking using the mouse. | |
65 | ||
66 | @menu | |
67 | * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse. | |
68 | * Cut/Paste Other App:: Transfering text between Emacs and other apps. | |
69 | * Word and Line Mouse:: Mouse commands for selecting whole words or lines. | |
70 | * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark. | |
71 | * Clipboard:: Using the clipboard for selections. | |
72 | @end menu | |
73 | ||
74 | @node Mouse Commands | |
75 | @subsection Mouse Commands for Editing | |
76 | @cindex mouse buttons (what they do) | |
77 | ||
78 | The mouse commands for selecting and copying a region are mostly | |
79 | compatible with the @code{xterm} program. You can use the same mouse | |
80 | commands for copying between Emacs and other window-based programs. | |
81 | Most of these commands also work in Emacs when you run it under an | |
82 | @code{xterm} terminal. | |
83 | ||
84 | @kindex DELETE @r{(and mouse selection)} | |
85 | If you select a region with any of these mouse commands, and then | |
86 | immediately afterward type the @key{DELETE} function key, it deletes the | |
87 | region that you selected. The @key{BACKSPACE} function key and the | |
88 | @acronym{ASCII} character @key{DEL} do not do this; if you type any other key | |
89 | in between the mouse command and @key{DELETE}, it does not do this. | |
90 | ||
91 | @findex mouse-set-region | |
92 | @findex mouse-set-point | |
93 | @findex mouse-yank-at-click | |
94 | @findex mouse-save-then-click | |
95 | @kindex Mouse-1 | |
96 | @kindex Mouse-2 | |
97 | @kindex Mouse-3 | |
98 | @table @kbd | |
99 | @item Mouse-1 | |
100 | Move point to where you click (@code{mouse-set-point}). | |
101 | This is normally the left button. | |
102 | ||
103 | @vindex x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position | |
104 | Normally, Emacs does not distinguish between ordinary mouse clicks and | |
105 | clicks that select a frame. When you click on a frame to select it, | |
106 | that also changes the selected window and cursor position according to | |
107 | the mouse click position. On the X window system, you can change this | |
108 | behavior by setting the variable | |
109 | @code{x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position} to @code{t}. Then the | |
110 | first click selects the frame, but does not affect the selected window | |
111 | or cursor position. If you click again in the same place, since that | |
112 | click will be in the selected frame, it will change the window or | |
113 | cursor position. | |
114 | ||
115 | @item Drag-Mouse-1 | |
116 | Set the region to the text you select by dragging, and copy it to the | |
117 | kill ring (@code{mouse-set-region}). You can specify both ends of the | |
118 | region with this single command. | |
119 | ||
120 | @vindex mouse-scroll-min-lines | |
121 | If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while | |
122 | dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse | |
123 | back into the window. This way, you can select regions that don't fit | |
124 | entirely on the screen. The number of lines scrolled per step depends | |
125 | on how far away from the window edge the mouse has gone; the variable | |
126 | @code{mouse-scroll-min-lines} specifies a minimum step size. | |
127 | ||
128 | @vindex mouse-drag-copy-region | |
129 | If the variable @code{mouse-drag-copy-region} is @code{nil}, this | |
130 | mouse command does not copy the selected region into the kill ring. | |
131 | ||
132 | @item Mouse-2 | |
133 | Yank the last killed text, where you click (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}). | |
134 | This is normally the middle button. | |
135 | ||
136 | @item Mouse-3 | |
137 | This command, @code{mouse-save-then-kill}, has several functions | |
138 | depending on where you click and the status of the region. | |
139 | ||
140 | The most basic case is when you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in one place and | |
141 | then @kbd{Mouse-3} in another. This selects the text between those two | |
142 | positions as the region. It also copies the new region to the kill | |
143 | ring, so that you can copy it to someplace else. | |
144 | ||
145 | If you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in the text, scroll with the scroll bar, and | |
146 | then click @kbd{Mouse-3}, it remembers where point was before scrolling | |
147 | (where you put it with @kbd{Mouse-1}), and uses that position as the | |
148 | other end of the region. This is so that you can select a region that | |
149 | doesn't fit entirely on the screen. | |
150 | ||
151 | More generally, if you do not have a highlighted region, @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
152 | selects the text between point and the click position as the region. It | |
153 | does this by setting the mark where point was, and moving point to where | |
154 | you click. | |
155 | ||
156 | If you have a highlighted region, or if the region was set just before | |
157 | by dragging button 1, @kbd{Mouse-3} adjusts the nearer end of the region | |
158 | by moving it to where you click. The adjusted region's text also | |
159 | replaces the old region's text in the kill ring. | |
160 | ||
161 | If you originally specified the region using a double or triple | |
162 | @kbd{Mouse-1}, so that the region is defined to consist of entire words | |
163 | or lines, then adjusting the region with @kbd{Mouse-3} also proceeds by | |
164 | entire words or lines. | |
165 | ||
166 | If you use @kbd{Mouse-3} a second time consecutively, at the same place, | |
167 | that kills the region already selected. | |
168 | @end table | |
169 | ||
170 | The simplest way to kill text with the mouse is to press @kbd{Mouse-1} | |
171 | at one end, then press @kbd{Mouse-3} twice at the other end. | |
172 | @xref{Killing}. To copy the text into the kill ring without deleting it | |
173 | from the buffer, press @kbd{Mouse-3} just once---or just drag across the | |
174 | text with @kbd{Mouse-1}. Then you can copy it elsewhere by yanking it. | |
175 | ||
176 | @vindex mouse-yank-at-point | |
177 | To yank the killed or copied text somewhere else, move the mouse there | |
178 | and press @kbd{Mouse-2}. @xref{Yanking}. However, if | |
179 | @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{Mouse-2} yanks at | |
180 | point. Then it does not matter where you click, or even which of the | |
181 | frame's windows you click on. The default value is @code{nil}. This | |
182 | variable also affects yanking the secondary selection. | |
183 | ||
184 | @cindex Delete Selection mode | |
185 | @cindex mode, Delete Selection | |
186 | @findex delete-selection-mode | |
a4fd86b1 CY |
187 | Many graphical applications follow the convention that insertion |
188 | while text is selected deletes the selected text. You can make Emacs | |
189 | behave this way by enabling Delete Selection mode---with @kbd{M-x | |
8cf51b2c | 190 | delete-selection-mode} or using Custom. Another effect of this mode |
a4fd86b1 CY |
191 | is that some keys, such as @key{DEL} and @kbd{C-d}, kill the region if |
192 | one exists. | |
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193 | |
194 | @node Cut/Paste Other App | |
195 | @subsection Cut and Paste with Other Window Applications | |
196 | ||
197 | @cindex cutting | |
198 | @cindex pasting | |
199 | @cindex X cutting and pasting | |
200 | To copy text to another windowing application, kill it or save it in | |
201 | the kill ring. Then use the ``paste'' or ``yank'' command of the | |
202 | other application to insert the text. | |
203 | ||
204 | To copy text from another windowing application, use its ``cut'' or | |
205 | ``copy'' command to select the text you want. Then yank it in Emacs | |
206 | with @kbd{C-y} or @kbd{Mouse-2}. | |
207 | ||
208 | @cindex primary selection | |
209 | @cindex cut buffer | |
210 | @cindex selection, primary | |
211 | @vindex x-cut-buffer-max | |
212 | When Emacs puts text into the kill ring, or rotates text to the | |
213 | front of the kill ring, it sets the @dfn{primary selection} in the | |
214 | window system. This is how other windowing applications can access | |
215 | the text. On the X Window System, emacs also stores the text in the | |
216 | cut buffer, but only if the text is short enough (the value of | |
217 | @code{x-cut-buffer-max} specifies the maximum number of characters); | |
218 | putting long strings in the cut buffer can be slow. | |
219 | ||
220 | The commands to yank the first entry in the kill ring actually check | |
221 | first for a primary selection in another program; after that, they check | |
222 | for text in the cut buffer. If neither of those sources provides text | |
223 | to yank, the kill ring contents are used. | |
224 | ||
225 | The standard coding system for X Window System selections is | |
6980182f KH |
226 | @code{compound-text-with-extensions}. You may find that the pasted |
227 | text is not what you expected. In such a case, you can specify | |
228 | another coding system for selections by @kbd{C-x @key{RET} x} or | |
229 | @kbd{C-x @key{RET} X}, or can request the different data type by | |
230 | modifying the variable @code{x-select-request-type}. | |
231 | @xref{Communication Coding}. | |
8cf51b2c GM |
232 | |
233 | @node Word and Line Mouse | |
234 | @subsection Mouse Commands for Words and Lines | |
235 | ||
236 | These variants of @kbd{Mouse-1} select entire words or lines at a time. | |
237 | ||
238 | @table @kbd | |
239 | @item Double-Mouse-1 | |
240 | This key sets the region around the word which you click on. If you | |
241 | click on a character with ``symbol'' syntax (such as underscore, in C | |
242 | mode), it sets the region around the symbol surrounding that character. | |
243 | ||
244 | If you click on a character with open-parenthesis or close-parenthesis | |
245 | syntax, it sets the region around the parenthetical grouping | |
246 | which that character starts or ends. If you click on a character with | |
247 | string-delimiter syntax (such as a singlequote or doublequote in C), it | |
248 | sets the region around the string constant (using heuristics to figure | |
249 | out whether that character is the beginning or the end of it). | |
250 | ||
251 | @item Double-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
252 | This key selects a region made up of the words you drag across. | |
253 | ||
254 | @item Triple-Mouse-1 | |
255 | This key sets the region around the line you click on. | |
256 | ||
257 | @item Triple-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
258 | This key selects a region made up of the lines you drag across. | |
259 | @end table | |
260 | ||
261 | @node Secondary Selection | |
262 | @subsection Secondary Selection | |
263 | @cindex secondary selection | |
264 | ||
265 | The @dfn{secondary selection} is another way of selecting text using | |
266 | the X Window System. It does not use point or the mark, so you can | |
267 | use it to kill text without setting point or the mark. | |
268 | ||
269 | @table @kbd | |
270 | @findex mouse-set-secondary | |
271 | @kindex M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
272 | @item M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
273 | Set the secondary selection, with one end at the place where you press | |
274 | down the button, and the other end at the place where you release it | |
275 | (@code{mouse-set-secondary}). The highlighting appears and changes as | |
276 | you drag. You can control the appearance of the highlighting by | |
277 | customizing the @code{secondary-selection} face (@pxref{Face | |
278 | Customization}). | |
279 | ||
280 | If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while | |
281 | dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse | |
282 | back into the window. This way, you can mark regions that don't fit | |
283 | entirely on the screen. | |
284 | ||
285 | This way of setting the secondary selection does not alter the kill ring. | |
286 | ||
287 | @findex mouse-start-secondary | |
288 | @kindex M-Mouse-1 | |
289 | @item M-Mouse-1 | |
290 | Set one endpoint for the @dfn{secondary selection} | |
291 | (@code{mouse-start-secondary}). | |
292 | ||
293 | @findex mouse-secondary-save-then-kill | |
294 | @kindex M-Mouse-3 | |
295 | @item M-Mouse-3 | |
296 | Make a secondary selection, using the place specified with @kbd{M-Mouse-1} | |
297 | as the other end (@code{mouse-secondary-save-then-kill}). This also | |
298 | puts the selected text in the kill ring. A second click at the same | |
299 | place kills the secondary selection just made. | |
300 | ||
301 | @findex mouse-yank-secondary | |
302 | @kindex M-Mouse-2 | |
303 | @item M-Mouse-2 | |
304 | Insert the secondary selection where you click | |
305 | (@code{mouse-yank-secondary}). This places point at the end of the | |
306 | yanked text. | |
307 | @end table | |
308 | ||
309 | Double or triple clicking of @kbd{M-Mouse-1} operates on words and | |
310 | lines, much like @kbd{Mouse-1}. | |
311 | ||
312 | If @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{M-Mouse-2} yanks | |
313 | at point. Then it does not matter precisely where you click, or even | |
314 | which of the frame's windows you click on. @xref{Mouse Commands}. | |
315 | ||
316 | @node Clipboard | |
317 | @subsection Using the Clipboard | |
318 | @cindex clipboard | |
319 | @vindex x-select-enable-clipboard | |
320 | @findex menu-bar-enable-clipboard | |
321 | @cindex OpenWindows | |
322 | @cindex Gnome | |
323 | ||
324 | Apart from the primary and secondary selection types, Emacs can | |
325 | handle the @dfn{clipboard} selection type which is used by some | |
326 | applications, particularly under OpenWindows and Gnome. | |
327 | ||
328 | The command @kbd{M-x menu-bar-enable-clipboard} makes the @code{Cut}, | |
329 | @code{Paste} and @code{Copy} menu items, as well as the keys of the same | |
330 | names, all use the clipboard. | |
331 | ||
332 | You can customize the variable @code{x-select-enable-clipboard} to make | |
333 | the Emacs yank functions consult the clipboard before the primary | |
334 | selection, and to make the kill functions to store in the clipboard as | |
335 | well as the primary selection. Otherwise they do not access the | |
336 | clipboard at all. Using the clipboard is the default on MS-Windows and Mac, | |
337 | but not on other systems. | |
338 | ||
339 | @node Mouse References | |
340 | @section Following References with the Mouse | |
341 | @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(selection)} | |
342 | @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(selection)} | |
343 | ||
344 | Some read-only Emacs buffers include references you can follow, or | |
345 | commands you can activate. These include names of files, of buffers, | |
346 | of possible completions, of matches for a pattern, as well as the | |
347 | buttons in Help buffers and customization buffers. You can follow the | |
348 | reference or activate the command by moving point to it and typing | |
349 | @key{RET}. You can also do this with the mouse, using either | |
350 | @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2}. | |
351 | ||
352 | Since yanking text into a read-only buffer is not allowed, these | |
353 | buffers generally define @kbd{Mouse-2} to follow a reference or | |
354 | activate a command. For example, if you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a file | |
355 | name in a Dired buffer, you visit that file. If you click | |
356 | @kbd{Mouse-2} on an error message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer, | |
357 | you go to the source code for that error message. If you click | |
358 | @kbd{Mouse-2} on a completion in the @samp{*Completions*} buffer, you | |
359 | choose that completion. | |
360 | ||
361 | However, most applications use @kbd{Mouse-1} to do this sort of | |
362 | thing, so Emacs implements this too. If you click @kbd{Mouse-1} | |
363 | quickly on a reference or button, it follows or activates. If you | |
364 | click slowly, it moves point as usual. Dragging, meaning moving the | |
365 | mouse while it is held down, also has its usual behavior of setting | |
366 | the region. | |
367 | ||
368 | @vindex mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows | |
369 | Normally, the @kbd{Mouse-1} click behavior is performed on links in | |
370 | any window. The variable @code{mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows} | |
371 | controls whether @kbd{Mouse-1} has this behavior even in non-selected | |
372 | windows, or only in the selected window. | |
373 | ||
374 | @vindex mouse-highlight | |
375 | You can usually tell when @kbd{Mouse-1} and @kbd{Mouse-2} have this | |
376 | special sort of meaning because the sensitive text highlights when you | |
377 | move the mouse over it. The variable @code{mouse-highlight} controls | |
378 | whether to do this highlighting always (even when such text appears | |
379 | where the mouse already is), never, or only immediately after you move | |
380 | the mouse. | |
381 | ||
382 | @vindex mouse-1-click-follows-link | |
383 | In Emacs versions before 22, only @kbd{Mouse-2} follows links and | |
384 | @kbd{Mouse-1} always sets point. If you prefer this older behavior, | |
385 | set the variable @code{mouse-1-click-follows-link} to @code{nil}. | |
386 | This variable also lets you choose various other alternatives for | |
387 | following links with the mouse. Type @kbd{C-h v | |
388 | mouse-1-click-follows-link @key{RET}} for more details. | |
389 | ||
390 | @node Menu Mouse Clicks | |
391 | @section Mouse Clicks for Menus | |
392 | ||
393 | Several mouse clicks with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} modifiers | |
394 | bring up menus. | |
395 | ||
396 | @table @kbd | |
397 | @item C-Mouse-1 | |
398 | @kindex C-Mouse-1 | |
399 | This menu is for selecting a buffer. | |
400 | ||
401 | The MSB (``mouse select buffer'') global minor mode makes this | |
402 | menu smarter and more customizable. @xref{Buffer Menus}. | |
403 | ||
404 | @item C-Mouse-2 | |
405 | @kindex C-Mouse-2 | |
406 | This menu is for specifying faces and other text properties | |
407 | for editing formatted text. @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
408 | ||
409 | @item C-Mouse-3 | |
410 | @kindex C-Mouse-3 | |
411 | This menu is mode-specific. For most modes if Menu-bar mode is on, | |
412 | this menu has the same items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus | |
413 | put together. Some modes may specify a different menu for this | |
414 | button.@footnote{Some systems use @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific | |
415 | menu. We took a survey of users, and found they preferred to keep | |
416 | @kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing regions. Hence the decision | |
417 | to use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu. To use @kbd{Mouse-3} instead, | |
418 | do @code{(global-set-key [mouse-3] 'mouse-popup-menubar-stuff)}.} If | |
419 | Menu-bar mode is off, this menu contains all the items which would be | |
420 | present in the menu bar---not just the mode-specific ones---so that | |
421 | you can access them without having to display the menu bar. | |
422 | ||
423 | @item S-Mouse-1 | |
424 | This menu is for specifying the frame's default font. | |
425 | @end table | |
426 | ||
427 | @node Mode Line Mouse | |
428 | @section Mode Line Mouse Commands | |
429 | @cindex mode line, mouse | |
430 | @cindex mouse on mode line | |
431 | ||
432 | You can use mouse clicks on window mode lines to select and manipulate | |
433 | windows. | |
434 | ||
7b6be833 GM |
435 | Some areas of the mode line, such as the buffer name, and major and minor |
436 | mode names, have their own special mouse bindings. These areas are | |
8cf51b2c GM |
437 | highlighted when you hold the mouse over them, and information about |
438 | the special bindings will be displayed (@pxref{Tooltips}). This | |
439 | section's commands do not apply in those areas. | |
440 | ||
441 | @table @kbd | |
442 | @item Mouse-1 | |
443 | @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(mode line)} | |
444 | @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window it belongs to. By | |
445 | dragging @kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus | |
446 | changing the height of the windows above and below. Changing heights | |
447 | with the mouse in this way never deletes windows, it just refuses to | |
448 | make any window smaller than the minimum height. | |
449 | ||
450 | @item Mouse-2 | |
451 | @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(mode line)} | |
452 | @kbd{Mouse-2} on a mode line expands that window to fill its frame. | |
453 | ||
454 | @item Mouse-3 | |
455 | @kindex Mouse-3 @r{(mode line)} | |
456 | @kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window it belongs to. If the | |
457 | frame has only one window, it buries the current buffer instead, and | |
458 | switches to another buffer. | |
459 | ||
460 | @item C-Mouse-2 | |
461 | @kindex C-mouse-2 @r{(mode line)} | |
462 | @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits the window above | |
463 | horizontally, above the place in the mode line where you click. | |
464 | @end table | |
465 | ||
466 | @kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)} | |
467 | @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(scroll bar)} | |
468 | Using @kbd{Mouse-1} on the divider between two side-by-side mode | |
469 | lines, you can move the vertical boundary left or right. Using | |
470 | @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window | |
471 | vertically. @xref{Split Window}. | |
472 | ||
473 | @node Creating Frames | |
474 | @section Creating Frames | |
475 | @cindex creating frames | |
476 | ||
477 | @kindex C-x 5 | |
478 | The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}, with parallel | |
479 | subcommands. The difference is that @kbd{C-x 5} commands create a new | |
480 | frame rather than just a new window in the selected frame (@pxref{Pop | |
481 | Up Window}). If an existing visible or iconified frame already displays | |
482 | the requested material, these commands use the existing frame, after | |
483 | raising or deiconifying as necessary. | |
484 | ||
485 | The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the | |
486 | buffer to select: | |
487 | ||
488 | @table @kbd | |
489 | @item C-x 5 2 | |
490 | @kindex C-x 5 2 | |
491 | @findex make-frame-command | |
492 | Create a new frame (@code{make-frame-command}). | |
493 | @item C-x 5 b @var{bufname} @key{RET} | |
494 | Select buffer @var{bufname} in another frame. This runs | |
495 | @code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame}. | |
496 | @item C-x 5 f @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
497 | Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another frame. This | |
498 | runs @code{find-file-other-frame}. @xref{Visiting}. | |
499 | @item C-x 5 d @var{directory} @key{RET} | |
500 | Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another frame. | |
501 | This runs @code{dired-other-frame}. @xref{Dired}. | |
502 | @item C-x 5 m | |
503 | Start composing a mail message in another frame. This runs | |
504 | @code{mail-other-frame}. It is the other-frame variant of @kbd{C-x m}. | |
505 | @xref{Sending Mail}. | |
506 | @item C-x 5 . | |
507 | Find a tag in the current tag table in another frame. This runs | |
508 | @code{find-tag-other-frame}, the multiple-frame variant of @kbd{M-.}. | |
509 | @xref{Tags}. | |
510 | @item C-x 5 r @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
511 | @kindex C-x 5 r | |
512 | @findex find-file-read-only-other-frame | |
513 | Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another | |
514 | frame. This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-frame}. | |
515 | @xref{Visiting}. | |
516 | @end table | |
517 | ||
518 | @cindex default-frame-alist | |
519 | @cindex initial-frame-alist | |
520 | @cindex face customization, in @file{~/.emacs} | |
521 | @cindex color customization, in @file{~/.emacs} | |
522 | You can control the appearance of new frames you create by setting the | |
523 | frame parameters in @code{default-frame-alist}. You can use the | |
524 | variable @code{initial-frame-alist} to specify parameters that affect | |
525 | only the initial frame. @xref{Initial Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs | |
526 | Lisp Reference Manual}, for more information. | |
527 | ||
528 | @cindex font (default) | |
529 | The easiest way to specify the principal font for all your Emacs | |
530 | frames is with an X resource (@pxref{Font X}), but you can also do it by | |
531 | modifying @code{default-frame-alist} to specify the @code{font} | |
532 | parameter, as shown here: | |
533 | ||
534 | @example | |
535 | (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "10x20")) | |
536 | @end example | |
537 | ||
538 | @noindent | |
539 | Here's a similar example for specifying a foreground color: | |
540 | ||
541 | @example | |
542 | (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(foreground-color . "blue")) | |
543 | @end example | |
544 | ||
545 | @noindent | |
546 | By putting such customizations in your @file{~/.emacs} init file, you | |
547 | can control the appearance of all the frames Emacs creates, including | |
548 | the initial one. | |
549 | ||
550 | @node Frame Commands | |
551 | @section Frame Commands | |
552 | ||
553 | The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames: | |
554 | ||
555 | @table @kbd | |
556 | @item C-z | |
557 | @kindex C-z @r{(X windows)} | |
558 | @findex iconify-or-deiconify-frame | |
559 | Iconify the selected Emacs frame (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}). | |
560 | When typed on an Emacs frame's icon, deiconify instead. | |
561 | ||
562 | The normal meaning of @kbd{C-z}, to suspend Emacs, is not useful under | |
563 | a graphical display that allows multiple applications to operate | |
564 | simultaneously in their own windows, so Emacs gives @kbd{C-z} a | |
565 | different binding in that case. | |
566 | ||
567 | @item C-x 5 0 | |
568 | @kindex C-x 5 0 | |
569 | @findex delete-frame | |
570 | Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed if | |
571 | there is only one frame. | |
572 | ||
573 | @item C-x 5 o | |
574 | @kindex C-x 5 o | |
575 | @findex other-frame | |
576 | Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it so that it | |
577 | stays selected. If you repeat this command, it cycles through all the | |
578 | frames on your terminal. | |
579 | ||
580 | @item C-x 5 1 | |
581 | @kindex C-x 5 1 | |
582 | @findex delete-other-frames | |
583 | Delete all frames except the selected one. | |
584 | @end table | |
585 | ||
586 | @vindex focus-follows-mouse | |
587 | To make the command @kbd{C-x 5 o} work properly, you must tell Emacs | |
588 | how the system (or the window manager) generally handles | |
589 | focus-switching between windows. There are two possibilities: either | |
590 | simply moving the mouse onto a window selects it (gives it focus), or | |
591 | you have to click on it in a suitable way to do so. On X, this focus | |
592 | policy also affects whether the focus is given to a frame that Emacs | |
593 | raises. Unfortunately there is no way Emacs can find out | |
594 | automatically which way the system handles this, so you have to | |
595 | explicitly say, by setting the variable @code{focus-follows-mouse}. | |
596 | If just moving the mouse onto a window selects it, that variable | |
597 | should be @code{t}; if a click is necessary, the variable should be | |
598 | @code{nil}. | |
599 | ||
600 | The window manager that is part of MS-Windows always gives focus to a | |
601 | frame that raises, so this variable has no effect in the native | |
602 | MS-Windows build of Emacs. | |
603 | ||
604 | @node Speedbar | |
605 | @section Speedbar Frames | |
606 | @cindex speedbar | |
607 | ||
608 | @cindex attached frame (of speedbar) | |
609 | The @dfn{speedbar} is a special frame for conveniently navigating in | |
610 | or operating on another frame. The speedbar, when it exists, is | |
611 | always associated with a specific frame, called its @dfn{attached | |
612 | frame}; all speedbar operations act on that frame. | |
613 | ||
614 | Type @kbd{M-x speedbar} to create the speedbar and associate it with | |
615 | the current frame. To dismiss the speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar} | |
616 | again, or select the speedbar and type @kbd{q}. (You can also delete | |
617 | the speedbar frame like any other Emacs frame.) If you wish to | |
618 | associate the speedbar with a different frame, dismiss it and call | |
619 | @kbd{M-x speedbar} from that frame. | |
620 | ||
621 | The speedbar can operate in various modes. Its default mode is | |
622 | @dfn{File Display} mode, which shows the files in the current | |
623 | directory of the selected window of the attached frame, one file per | |
624 | line. Clicking on a file name visits that file in the selected window | |
625 | of the attached frame, and clicking on a directory name shows that | |
626 | directory in the speedbar (@pxref{Mouse References}). Each line also | |
627 | has a box, @samp{[+]} or @samp{<+>}, that you can click on to | |
628 | @dfn{expand} the contents of that item. Expanding a directory adds | |
629 | the contents of that directory to the speedbar display, underneath the | |
630 | directory's own line. Expanding an ordinary file adds a list of the | |
631 | tags in that file to the speedbar display; you can click on a tag name | |
632 | to jump to that tag in the selected window of the attached frame. | |
633 | When a file or directory is expanded, the @samp{[+]} changes to | |
634 | @samp{[-]}; you can click on that box to @dfn{contract} the item, | |
635 | hiding its contents. | |
636 | ||
637 | You navigate through the speedbar using the keyboard, too. Typing | |
638 | @kbd{RET} while point is on a line in the speedbar is equivalent to | |
639 | clicking the item on the current line, and @kbd{SPC} expands or | |
640 | contracts the item. @kbd{U} displays the parent directory of the | |
641 | current directory. To copy, delete, or rename the file on the current | |
642 | line, type @kbd{C}, @kbd{D}, and @kbd{R} respectively. To create a | |
643 | new directory, type @kbd{M}. | |
644 | ||
645 | Another general-purpose speedbar mode is @dfn{Buffer Display} mode; | |
646 | in this mode, the speedbar displays a list of Emacs buffers. To | |
647 | switch to this mode, type @kbd{b} in the speedbar. To return to File | |
648 | Display mode, type @kbd{f}. You can also change the display mode by | |
649 | clicking @kbd{mouse-3} anywhere in the speedbar window (or | |
650 | @kbd{mouse-1} on the mode-line) and selecting @samp{Displays} in the | |
651 | pop-up menu. | |
652 | ||
653 | Some major modes, including Rmail mode, Info, and GUD, have | |
654 | specialized ways of putting useful items into the speedbar for you to | |
655 | select. For example, in Rmail mode, the speedbar shows a list of Rmail | |
656 | files, and lets you move the current message to another Rmail file by | |
657 | clicking on its @samp{<M>} box. | |
658 | ||
659 | For more details on using and programming the speedbar, @xref{Top, | |
660 | Speedbar,,speedbar, Speedbar Manual}. | |
661 | ||
662 | @node Multiple Displays | |
663 | @section Multiple Displays | |
664 | @cindex multiple displays | |
665 | ||
666 | A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display. Initially, Emacs | |
667 | uses just one display---the one specified with the @env{DISPLAY} | |
668 | environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option (@pxref{Initial | |
669 | Options}). To connect to another display, use the command | |
670 | @code{make-frame-on-display}: | |
671 | ||
672 | @findex make-frame-on-display | |
673 | @table @kbd | |
674 | @item M-x make-frame-on-display @key{RET} @var{display} @key{RET} | |
675 | Create a new frame on display @var{display}. | |
676 | @end table | |
677 | ||
678 | A single X server can handle more than one screen. When you open | |
679 | frames on two screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows they share a | |
680 | single keyboard, and it treats all the commands arriving from these | |
681 | screens as a single stream of input. | |
682 | ||
683 | When you open frames on different X servers, Emacs makes a separate | |
684 | input stream for each server. This way, two users can type | |
685 | simultaneously on the two displays, and Emacs will not garble their | |
686 | input. Each server also has its own selected frame. The commands you | |
687 | enter with a particular X server apply to that server's selected frame. | |
688 | ||
689 | Despite these features, people using the same Emacs job from different | |
690 | displays can still interfere with each other if they are not careful. | |
691 | For example, if any one types @kbd{C-x C-c}, that exits the Emacs job | |
692 | for all of them! | |
693 | ||
694 | @node Special Buffer Frames | |
695 | @section Special Buffer Frames | |
696 | ||
697 | @vindex special-display-buffer-names | |
698 | You can make certain chosen buffers, which Emacs normally displays | |
699 | in ``another window,'' appear in special frames of their own. To do | |
700 | this, set the variable @code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list | |
701 | of buffer names; any buffer whose name is in that list automatically | |
702 | gets a special frame, when an Emacs command wants to display it ``in | |
703 | another window.'' | |
704 | ||
705 | For example, if you set the variable this way, | |
706 | ||
707 | @example | |
708 | (setq special-display-buffer-names | |
709 | '("*Completions*" "*grep*" "*tex-shell*")) | |
710 | @end example | |
711 | ||
712 | @noindent | |
713 | then completion lists, @code{grep} output and the @TeX{} mode shell | |
714 | buffer get individual frames of their own. These frames, and the | |
715 | windows in them, are never automatically split or reused for any other | |
716 | buffers. They continue to show the buffers they were created for, | |
717 | unless you alter them by hand. Killing the special buffer deletes its | |
718 | frame automatically. | |
719 | ||
720 | @vindex special-display-regexps | |
721 | More generally, you can set @code{special-display-regexps} to a list | |
722 | of regular expressions; then a buffer gets its own frame if its name | |
723 | matches any of those regular expressions. (Once again, this applies only | |
724 | to buffers that normally get displayed for you in ``another window.'') | |
725 | ||
726 | @vindex special-display-frame-alist | |
727 | The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame | |
728 | parameters for these frames. It has a default value, so you don't need | |
729 | to set it. | |
730 | ||
731 | For those who know Lisp, an element of | |
732 | @code{special-display-buffer-names} or @code{special-display-regexps} | |
733 | can also be a list. Then the first element is the buffer name or | |
734 | regular expression; the rest of the list specifies how to create the | |
735 | frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter | |
736 | values; these values take precedence over parameter values specified | |
737 | in @code{special-display-frame-alist}. If you specify the symbol | |
738 | @code{same-window} as a ``frame parameter'' in this list, with a | |
739 | non-@code{nil} value, that means to use the selected window if | |
740 | possible. If you use the symbol @code{same-frame} as a ``frame | |
741 | parameter'' in this list, with a non-@code{nil} value, that means to | |
742 | use the selected frame if possible. | |
743 | ||
744 | Alternatively, the value can have this form: | |
745 | ||
746 | @example | |
747 | (@var{function} @var{args}...) | |
748 | @end example | |
749 | ||
750 | @noindent | |
751 | where @var{function} is a symbol. Then the frame is constructed by | |
752 | calling @var{function}; its first argument is the buffer, and its | |
753 | remaining arguments are @var{args}. | |
754 | ||
755 | An analogous feature lets you specify buffers which should be | |
756 | displayed in the selected window. @xref{Force Same Window}. The | |
757 | same-window feature takes precedence over the special-frame feature; | |
758 | therefore, if you add a buffer name to | |
759 | @code{special-display-buffer-names} and it has no effect, check to see | |
760 | whether that feature is also in use for the same buffer name. | |
761 | ||
762 | @node Frame Parameters | |
763 | @section Setting Frame Parameters | |
764 | @cindex Auto-Raise mode | |
765 | @cindex Auto-Lower mode | |
766 | ||
767 | @kindex S-Mouse-1 | |
768 | You can specify the font and colors used for text display, and the | |
769 | colors for the frame borders, the cursor, and the mouse cursor, by | |
770 | customizing the faces @code{default}, @code{border}, @code{cursor} and | |
771 | @code{mouse}. @xref{Face Customization}. You can also set a frame's | |
772 | default font through a pop-up menu. Press @kbd{S-Mouse-1} to activate | |
773 | this menu. | |
774 | ||
775 | These commands are available for controlling the window management | |
776 | behavior of the selected frame. | |
777 | ||
778 | @table @kbd | |
779 | @findex auto-raise-mode | |
780 | @item M-x auto-raise-mode | |
781 | Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-raise. Auto-raise | |
782 | means that every time you move the mouse onto the frame, it raises the | |
783 | frame. | |
784 | ||
785 | Some window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable | |
786 | auto-raise for Emacs frames in your window manager, it will work, but | |
787 | it is beyond Emacs' control, so @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect | |
788 | on it. | |
789 | ||
790 | @findex auto-lower-mode | |
791 | @item M-x auto-lower-mode | |
792 | Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-lower. | |
793 | Auto-lower means that every time you move the mouse off the frame, | |
794 | the frame moves to the bottom of the stack on the screen. | |
795 | ||
796 | The command @code{auto-lower-mode} has no effect on auto-lower | |
797 | implemented by the window manager. To control that, you must use the | |
798 | appropriate window manager features. | |
799 | @end table | |
800 | ||
801 | In Emacs versions that use an X toolkit, the color-setting and | |
802 | font-setting functions don't affect menus and the menu bar, since they | |
803 | are displayed by their own widget classes. To change the appearance of | |
804 | the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources}). | |
805 | @xref{Colors}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of | |
806 | font. | |
807 | ||
808 | Colors, fonts, and other attributes of the frame's display can also | |
809 | be customized by setting frame parameters in the variable | |
810 | @code{default-frame-alist} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). For a detailed | |
811 | description of frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame | |
812 | Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
813 | ||
814 | @node Scroll Bars | |
815 | @section Scroll Bars | |
816 | @cindex Scroll Bar mode | |
817 | @cindex mode, Scroll Bar | |
818 | ||
819 | On graphical displays, Emacs normally makes a @dfn{scroll bar} at | |
820 | the left of each Emacs window.@footnote{Placing it at the left is | |
821 | usually more useful with overlapping frames with text starting at the | |
822 | left margin.} The scroll bar runs the height of the window, and shows | |
823 | a moving rectangular inner box which represents the portion of the | |
824 | buffer currently displayed. The entire height of the scroll bar | |
825 | represents the entire length of the buffer. | |
826 | ||
827 | You can use @kbd{Mouse-2} (normally, the middle button) in the scroll | |
828 | bar to move or drag the inner box up and down. If you move it to the | |
829 | top of the scroll bar, you see the top of the buffer. If you move it to | |
830 | the bottom of the scroll bar, you see the bottom of the buffer. | |
831 | ||
832 | The left and right buttons in the scroll bar scroll by controlled | |
833 | increments. @kbd{Mouse-1} (normally, the left button) moves the line at | |
834 | the level where you click up to the top of the window. @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
835 | (normally, the right button) moves the line at the top of the window | |
836 | down to the level where you click. By clicking repeatedly in the same | |
837 | place, you can scroll by the same distance over and over. | |
838 | ||
839 | You can also click @kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the scroll bar to split a | |
840 | window vertically. The split occurs on the line where you click. | |
841 | ||
842 | @findex scroll-bar-mode | |
843 | @vindex scroll-bar-mode | |
844 | You can enable or disable Scroll Bar mode with the command @kbd{M-x | |
845 | scroll-bar-mode}. With no argument, it toggles the use of scroll | |
846 | bars. With an argument, it turns use of scroll bars on if and only if | |
847 | the argument is positive. This command applies to all frames, | |
848 | including frames yet to be created. Customize the variable | |
849 | @code{scroll-bar-mode} to control the use of scroll bars at startup. | |
850 | You can use it to specify that they are placed at the right of windows | |
851 | if you prefer that. You have to set this variable through the | |
852 | @samp{Customize} interface (@pxref{Easy Customization}), or it will | |
853 | not work properly. | |
854 | ||
855 | You can also use the X resource @samp{verticalScrollBars} to control | |
856 | the initial setting of Scroll Bar mode. @xref{Resources}. | |
857 | ||
858 | @findex toggle-scroll-bar | |
859 | To enable or disable scroll bars for just the selected frame, use the | |
860 | command @kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar}. | |
861 | ||
862 | @vindex scroll-bar-width | |
863 | @cindex width of the scroll bar | |
864 | You can control the scroll bar width by changing the value of the | |
865 | @code{scroll-bar-width} frame parameter. | |
866 | ||
867 | @node Wheeled Mice | |
868 | @section Scrolling With ``Wheeled'' Mice | |
869 | ||
870 | @cindex mouse wheel | |
871 | @cindex wheel, mouse | |
872 | @findex mouse-wheel-mode | |
873 | @cindex Mouse Wheel minor mode | |
874 | @cindex mode, Mouse Wheel | |
875 | Some mice have a ``wheel'' instead of a third button. You can | |
876 | usually click the wheel to act as either @kbd{Mouse-2} or | |
877 | @kbd{Mouse-3}, depending on the setup. You can also use the wheel to | |
878 | scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands. | |
879 | Mouse wheel support only works if the system generates appropriate | |
880 | events; whenever possible, it is turned on by default. To toggle this | |
881 | feature, use @kbd{M-x mouse-wheel-mode}. | |
882 | ||
883 | @vindex mouse-wheel-follow-mouse | |
884 | @vindex mouse-wheel-scroll-amount | |
885 | @vindex mouse-wheel-progressive-speed | |
886 | The two variables @code{mouse-wheel-follow-mouse} and | |
887 | @code{mouse-wheel-scroll-amount} determine where and by how much | |
888 | buffers are scrolled. The variable | |
889 | @code{mouse-wheel-progressive-speed} determines whether the scroll | |
890 | speed is linked to how fast you move the wheel. | |
891 | ||
892 | @node Drag and Drop | |
893 | @section Drag and Drop | |
894 | @cindex drag and drop | |
895 | ||
896 | Emacs supports @dfn{drag and drop} using the mouse. For instance, | |
897 | dropping text onto an Emacs frame inserts the text where it is dropped. | |
898 | Dropping a file onto an Emacs frame visits that file. As a special | |
899 | case, dropping the file on a Dired buffer moves or copies the file | |
900 | (according to the conventions of the application it came from) into the | |
901 | directory displayed in that buffer. | |
902 | ||
903 | @vindex dnd-open-file-other-window | |
904 | Dropping a file normally visits it in the window you drop it on. If | |
905 | you prefer to visit the file in a new window in such cases, customize | |
906 | the variable @code{dnd-open-file-other-window}. | |
907 | ||
908 | The XDND and Motif drag and drop protocols, and the old KDE 1.x | |
909 | protocol, are currently supported. | |
910 | ||
911 | @node Menu Bars | |
912 | @section Menu Bars | |
913 | @cindex Menu Bar mode | |
914 | @cindex mode, Menu Bar | |
915 | @findex menu-bar-mode | |
916 | @vindex menu-bar-mode | |
917 | ||
918 | You can turn display of menu bars on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
919 | menu-bar-mode} or by customizing the variable @code{menu-bar-mode}. | |
920 | With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a | |
921 | minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the | |
922 | argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. You can use | |
923 | the X resource @samp{menuBarLines} to control the initial setting of | |
924 | Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources}. | |
925 | ||
926 | @kindex C-Mouse-3 @r{(when menu bar is disabled)} | |
927 | Expert users often turn off the menu bar, especially on text-only | |
928 | terminals, where this makes one additional line available for text. | |
929 | If the menu bar is off, you can still pop up a menu of its contents | |
930 | with @kbd{C-Mouse-3} on a display which supports pop-up menus. | |
931 | @xref{Menu Mouse Clicks}. | |
932 | ||
933 | @xref{Menu Bar}, for information on how to invoke commands with the | |
934 | menu bar. @xref{X Resources}, for how to customize the menu bar | |
935 | menus' visual appearance. | |
936 | ||
937 | @node Tool Bars | |
938 | @section Tool Bars | |
939 | @cindex Tool Bar mode | |
940 | @cindex mode, Tool Bar | |
941 | @cindex icons, toolbar | |
942 | ||
943 | The @dfn{tool bar} is a line (or lines) of icons at the top of the | |
944 | Emacs window, just below the menu bar. You can click on these icons | |
945 | with the mouse to do various jobs. | |
946 | ||
947 | The global tool bar contains general commands. Some major modes | |
948 | define their own tool bars to replace it. A few ``special'' modes | |
949 | that are not designed for ordinary editing remove some items from the | |
950 | global tool bar. | |
951 | ||
952 | Tool bars work only on a graphical display. The tool bar uses colored | |
953 | XPM icons if Emacs was built with XPM support. Otherwise, the tool | |
954 | bar uses monochrome icons (PBM or XBM format). | |
955 | ||
956 | @findex tool-bar-mode | |
957 | @vindex tool-bar-mode | |
958 | You can turn display of tool bars on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
959 | tool-bar-mode} or by customizing the option @code{tool-bar-mode}. | |
960 | ||
961 | @node Dialog Boxes | |
962 | @section Using Dialog Boxes | |
963 | @cindex dialog boxes | |
964 | ||
965 | @vindex use-dialog-box | |
966 | A dialog box is a special kind of menu for asking you a yes-or-no | |
967 | question or some other special question. Many Emacs commands use a | |
968 | dialog box to ask a yes-or-no question, if you used the mouse to | |
969 | invoke the command to begin with. | |
970 | ||
971 | You can customize the variable @code{use-dialog-box} to suppress the | |
972 | use of dialog boxes. This also controls whether to use file selection | |
973 | windows (but those are not supported on all platforms). | |
974 | ||
975 | @vindex use-file-dialog | |
976 | A file selection window is a special kind of dialog box for asking | |
977 | for file names. You can customize the variable @code{use-file-dialog} | |
978 | to suppress the use of file selection windows, even if you still want | |
979 | other kinds of dialogs. This variable has no effect if you have | |
980 | suppressed all dialog boxes with the variable @code{use-dialog-box}. | |
981 | ||
982 | @vindex x-gtk-show-hidden-files | |
983 | For Gtk+ version 2.4 and newer, Emacs use the Gtk+ file chooser | |
984 | dialog. Emacs adds a toggle button that enables and disables showing | |
985 | of hidden files (files starting with a dot) in that dialog. The | |
986 | variable @code{x-gtk-show-hidden-files} controls whether to show | |
987 | hidden files by default. | |
988 | ||
989 | @vindex x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog | |
990 | For Gtk+ versions 2.4 through 2.10, you can select the old file | |
991 | dialog (@code{gtk-file-selector}) by setting the variable | |
992 | @code{x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog} to a non-@code{nil} value. If it is | |
993 | @code{nil}, Emacs uses @code{gtk-file-chooser}. If Emacs is built | |
994 | with a Gtk+ version that has only one file dialog, this variable has | |
995 | no effect. | |
996 | ||
997 | @vindex x-gtk-file-dialog-help-text | |
998 | Emacs adds help text to the Gtk+ file chooser dialog. The variable | |
999 | @code{x-gtk-file-dialog-help-text} specifies the text to add; if it is | |
1000 | @code{nil}, that disables the added text. | |
1001 | ||
1002 | @node Tooltips | |
1003 | @section Tooltips | |
1004 | @cindex tooltips | |
1005 | ||
1006 | @dfn{Tooltips} are small windows that display text information at the | |
1007 | current mouse position. They activate when there is a pause in mouse | |
1008 | movement. There are two types of tooltip: help tooltips and GUD | |
1009 | tooltips. | |
1010 | ||
1011 | @dfn{Help tooltips} typically display over text---including the mode | |
1012 | line---but are also available for other parts of the Emacs frame, such | |
1013 | as the tool bar and menu items. | |
1014 | ||
1015 | @findex tooltip-mode | |
1016 | You can toggle display of help tooltips (Tooltip mode) with the | |
1017 | command @kbd{M-x tooltip-mode}. When Tooltip mode is disabled, the | |
1018 | help text is displayed in the echo area instead. | |
1019 | ||
1020 | @dfn{GUD tooltips} show values of variables. They are useful when | |
1021 | you are debugging a program. @xref{Debugger Operation}. | |
1022 | ||
1023 | @vindex tooltip-delay | |
1024 | The variables @code{tooltip-delay} specifies how long Emacs should | |
1025 | wait before displaying a tooltip. For additional customization | |
1026 | options for displaying tooltips, use @kbd{M-x customize-group | |
1027 | @key{RET} tooltip @key{RET}}. @xref{X Resources}, for information on | |
1028 | customizing the windows that display tooltips. | |
1029 | ||
1030 | @node Mouse Avoidance | |
1031 | @section Mouse Avoidance | |
1032 | @cindex avoiding mouse in the way of your typing | |
1033 | @cindex mouse avoidance | |
1034 | ||
1035 | @vindex mouse-avoidance-mode | |
1036 | Mouse Avoidance mode keeps the mouse pointer away from point, to avoid | |
1037 | obscuring text you want to edit. Whenever it moves the mouse, it also | |
1038 | raises the frame. To use Mouse Avoidance mode, customize the variable | |
1039 | @code{mouse-avoidance-mode}. You can set this to various values to | |
1040 | move the mouse in several ways: | |
1041 | ||
1042 | @table @code | |
1043 | @item banish | |
1044 | Move the mouse to the upper-right corner on any key-press; | |
1045 | @item exile | |
1046 | Move the mouse to the corner only if the cursor gets too close, | |
1047 | and allow it to return once the cursor is out of the way; | |
1048 | @item jump | |
1049 | If the cursor gets too close to the mouse, displace the mouse | |
1050 | a random distance & direction; | |
1051 | @item animate | |
1052 | As @code{jump}, but shows steps along the way for illusion of motion; | |
1053 | @item cat-and-mouse | |
1054 | The same as @code{animate}; | |
1055 | @item proteus | |
1056 | As @code{animate}, but changes the shape of the mouse pointer too. | |
1057 | @end table | |
1058 | ||
1059 | @findex mouse-avoidance-mode | |
1060 | You can also use the command @kbd{M-x mouse-avoidance-mode} to enable | |
1061 | the mode. | |
1062 | ||
1063 | @node Non-Window Terminals | |
1064 | @section Non-Window Terminals | |
1065 | @cindex non-window terminals | |
1066 | @cindex single-frame terminals | |
1067 | ||
1068 | On a text-only terminal, Emacs can display only one Emacs frame at a | |
1069 | time. However, you can still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch | |
1070 | between them. Switching frames on these terminals is much like | |
1071 | switching between different window configurations. | |
1072 | ||
1073 | Use @kbd{C-x 5 2} to create a new frame and switch to it; use @kbd{C-x | |
1074 | 5 o} to cycle through the existing frames; use @kbd{C-x 5 0} to delete | |
1075 | the current frame. | |
1076 | ||
1077 | Each frame has a number to distinguish it. If your terminal can | |
1078 | display only one frame at a time, the selected frame's number @var{n} | |
1079 | appears near the beginning of the mode line, in the form | |
1080 | @samp{F@var{n}}. | |
1081 | ||
1082 | @findex set-frame-name | |
1083 | @findex select-frame-by-name | |
1084 | @samp{F@var{n}} is in fact the frame's initial name. You can give | |
1085 | frames more meaningful names if you wish, and you can select a frame | |
1086 | by its name. Use the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET} | |
1087 | @var{name} @key{RET}} to specify a new name for the selected frame, | |
1088 | and use @kbd{M-x select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} | |
1089 | to select a frame according to its name. The name you specify appears | |
1090 | in the mode line when the frame is selected. | |
1091 | ||
1092 | @node Text-Only Mouse | |
1093 | @section Using a Mouse in Terminal Emulators | |
1094 | @cindex mouse support | |
1095 | @cindex terminal emulators, mouse support | |
1096 | ||
1097 | Some terminal emulators support mouse clicks in the terminal window. | |
1098 | ||
1099 | @cindex xterm | |
1100 | In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @code{xterm}, | |
1101 | you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to give Emacs control over | |
1102 | simple use of the mouse---basically, only non-modified single clicks | |
1103 | are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse functionality for such | |
1104 | clicks is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key when you | |
1105 | press the mouse button. Xterm Mouse mode is a global minor mode | |
1106 | (@pxref{Minor Modes}). Repeating the command turns the mode off | |
1107 | again. | |
1108 | ||
1109 | In the console on GNU/Linux, you can use @kbd{M-x t-mouse-mode}. You | |
1110 | need to have the gpm package installed and running on your system in | |
1111 | order for this to work. | |
1112 | ||
1113 | @ignore | |
1114 | arch-tag: 7dcf3a31-a43b-45d4-a900-445b10d77e49 | |
1115 | @end ignore |