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1 | \input texinfo |
2 | ||
db78a8cb | 3 | @setfilename ../../info/gnus |
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4 | @settitle Gnus Manual |
5 | @syncodeindex fn cp | |
6 | @syncodeindex vr cp | |
7 | @syncodeindex pg cp | |
8 | ||
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9 | @documentencoding ISO-8859-1 |
10 | ||
4009494e | 11 | @copying |
e3e955fe | 12 | Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, |
c57008f6 | 13 | 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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14 | |
15 | @quotation | |
16 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
6a2c4aec | 17 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or |
4009494e | 18 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
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19 | Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual'', |
20 | and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license | |
21 | is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. | |
4009494e | 22 | |
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23 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and |
24 | modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in | |
25 | developing GNU and promoting software freedom.'' | |
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26 | @end quotation |
27 | @end copying | |
28 | ||
29 | @iftex | |
30 | @iflatex | |
31 | \documentclass[twoside,a4paper,openright,11pt]{book} | |
32 | \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} | |
33 | \usepackage{pagestyle} | |
34 | \usepackage{epsfig} | |
35 | \usepackage{pixidx} | |
36 | \input{gnusconfig.tex} | |
37 | ||
38 | \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined | |
39 | \else | |
40 | \usepackage[pdftex,bookmarks,colorlinks=true]{hyperref} | |
41 | \usepackage{thumbpdf} | |
42 | \pdfcompresslevel=9 | |
43 | \fi | |
44 | ||
45 | \makeindex | |
46 | \begin{document} | |
47 | ||
48 | % Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change the following line: | |
c7ff939a | 49 | \newcommand{\gnusversionname}{Gnus v5.13} |
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50 | \newcommand{\gnuschaptername}{} |
51 | \newcommand{\gnussectionname}{} | |
52 | ||
53 | \newcommand{\gnusbackslash}{/} | |
54 | ||
55 | \newcommand{\gnusref}[1]{``#1'' on page \pageref{#1}} | |
56 | \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined | |
57 | \newcommand{\gnusuref}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
58 | \else | |
59 | \newcommand{\gnusuref}[1]{\href{#1}{\gnustt{#1}}} | |
60 | \fi | |
61 | \newcommand{\gnusxref}[1]{See ``#1'' on page \pageref{#1}} | |
62 | \newcommand{\gnuspxref}[1]{see ``#1'' on page \pageref{#1}} | |
63 | ||
64 | \newcommand{\gnuskindex}[1]{\index{#1}} | |
65 | \newcommand{\gnusindex}[1]{\index{#1}} | |
66 | ||
67 | \newcommand{\gnustt}[1]{{\gnusselectttfont{}#1}} | |
68 | \newcommand{\gnuscode}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
69 | \newcommand{\gnusasis}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
70 | \newcommand{\gnusurl}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
71 | \newcommand{\gnuscommand}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
72 | \newcommand{\gnusenv}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
73 | \newcommand{\gnussamp}[1]{``{\fontencoding{OT1}\gnusselectttfont{}#1}''} | |
74 | \newcommand{\gnuslisp}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
75 | \newcommand{\gnuskbd}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'} | |
76 | \newcommand{\gnuskey}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'} | |
77 | \newcommand{\gnusfile}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'} | |
78 | \newcommand{\gnusdfn}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
79 | \newcommand{\gnusi}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
80 | \newcommand{\gnusr}[1]{\textrm{#1}} | |
81 | \newcommand{\gnusstrong}[1]{\textbf{#1}} | |
82 | \newcommand{\gnusemph}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
83 | \newcommand{\gnusvar}[1]{{\fontsize{10pt}{10}\selectfont\textsl{\textsf{#1}}}} | |
84 | \newcommand{\gnussc}[1]{\textsc{#1}} | |
85 | \newcommand{\gnustitle}[1]{{\huge\textbf{#1}}} | |
86 | \newcommand{\gnusversion}[1]{{\small\textit{#1}}} | |
87 | \newcommand{\gnusauthor}[1]{{\large\textbf{#1}}} | |
88 | \newcommand{\gnusresult}[1]{\gnustt{=> #1}} | |
89 | \newcommand{\gnusacronym}[1]{\textsc{#1}} | |
90 | \newcommand{\gnusemail}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
91 | ||
92 | \newcommand{\gnusbullet}{{${\bullet}$}} | |
93 | \newcommand{\gnusdollar}{\$} | |
94 | \newcommand{\gnusampersand}{\&} | |
95 | \newcommand{\gnuspercent}{\%} | |
96 | \newcommand{\gnushash}{\#} | |
97 | \newcommand{\gnushat}{\symbol{"5E}} | |
98 | \newcommand{\gnusunderline}{\symbol{"5F}} | |
99 | \newcommand{\gnusnot}{$\neg$} | |
100 | \newcommand{\gnustilde}{\symbol{"7E}} | |
101 | \newcommand{\gnusless}{{$<$}} | |
102 | \newcommand{\gnusgreater}{{$>$}} | |
103 | \newcommand{\gnusbraceleft}{{$>$}} | |
104 | \newcommand{\gnusbraceright}{{$>$}} | |
105 | ||
106 | \newcommand{\gnushead}{\raisebox{-1cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-head,height=1cm}}} | |
107 | \newcommand{\gnusinteresting}{ | |
108 | \marginpar[\mbox{}\hfill\gnushead]{\gnushead} | |
109 | } | |
110 | ||
111 | \newcommand{\gnuscleardoublepage}{\ifodd\count0\mbox{}\clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}\mbox{}\clearpage\else\clearpage\fi} | |
112 | ||
113 | \newcommand{\gnuspagechapter}[1]{ | |
114 | {\mbox{}} | |
115 | } | |
116 | ||
117 | \newdimen{\gnusdimen} | |
118 | \gnusdimen 0pt | |
119 | ||
120 | \newcommand{\gnuschapter}[2]{ | |
121 | \gnuscleardoublepage | |
122 | \ifdim \gnusdimen = 0pt\setcounter{page}{1}\pagestyle{gnus}\pagenumbering{arabic} \gnusdimen 1pt\fi | |
123 | \chapter{#2} | |
124 | \renewcommand{\gnussectionname}{} | |
125 | \renewcommand{\gnuschaptername}{#2} | |
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130 | \put(40,300){\makebox(500,50)[bl]{{\Huge\bf{#2}}}} | |
131 | \end{picture} | |
132 | \clearpage | |
133 | } | |
134 | ||
135 | \newcommand{\gnusfigure}[3]{ | |
136 | \begin{figure} | |
137 | \mbox{}\ifodd\count0\hspace*{-0.8cm}\else\hspace*{-3cm}\fi\begin{picture}(440,#2) | |
138 | #3 | |
139 | \end{picture} | |
140 | \caption{#1} | |
141 | \end{figure} | |
142 | } | |
143 | ||
144 | \newcommand{\gnusicon}[1]{ | |
145 | \marginpar[\mbox{}\hfill\raisebox{-1.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/#1-up,height=1.5cm}}]{\raisebox{-1cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/#1-up,height=1cm}}} | |
146 | } | |
147 | ||
148 | \newcommand{\gnuspicon}[1]{ | |
149 | \margindex{\epsfig{figure=#1,width=2cm}} | |
150 | } | |
151 | ||
152 | \newcommand{\gnusxface}[2]{ | |
153 | \margindex{\epsfig{figure=#1,width=1cm}\epsfig{figure=#2,width=1cm}} | |
154 | } | |
155 | ||
156 | \newcommand{\gnussmiley}[2]{ | |
157 | \margindex{\makebox[2cm]{\hfill\epsfig{figure=#1,width=0.5cm}\hfill\epsfig{figure=#2,width=0.5cm}\hfill}} | |
158 | } | |
159 | ||
160 | \newcommand{\gnusitemx}[1]{\mbox{}\vspace*{-\itemsep}\vspace*{-\parsep}\item#1} | |
161 | ||
162 | \newcommand{\gnussection}[1]{ | |
163 | \renewcommand{\gnussectionname}{#1} | |
164 | \section{#1} | |
165 | } | |
166 | ||
167 | \newenvironment{codelist}% | |
168 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
169 | } | |
170 | }{\end{list}} | |
171 | ||
172 | \newenvironment{asislist}% | |
173 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
174 | } | |
175 | }{\end{list}} | |
176 | ||
177 | \newenvironment{kbdlist}% | |
178 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
179 | \labelwidth=0cm | |
180 | } | |
181 | }{\end{list}} | |
182 | ||
183 | \newenvironment{dfnlist}% | |
184 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
185 | } | |
186 | }{\end{list}} | |
187 | ||
188 | \newenvironment{stronglist}% | |
189 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
190 | } | |
191 | }{\end{list}} | |
192 | ||
193 | \newenvironment{samplist}% | |
194 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
195 | } | |
196 | }{\end{list}} | |
197 | ||
198 | \newenvironment{varlist}% | |
199 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
200 | } | |
201 | }{\end{list}} | |
202 | ||
203 | \newenvironment{emphlist}% | |
204 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
205 | } | |
206 | }{\end{list}} | |
207 | ||
208 | \newlength\gnusheadtextwidth | |
209 | \setlength{\gnusheadtextwidth}{\headtextwidth} | |
210 | \addtolength{\gnusheadtextwidth}{1cm} | |
211 | ||
212 | \newpagestyle{gnuspreamble}% | |
213 | { | |
214 | { | |
215 | \ifodd\count0 | |
216 | { | |
217 | \hspace*{-0.23cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\mbox{}}\textbf{\hfill\roman{page}}} | |
218 | } | |
219 | \else | |
220 | { | |
221 | \hspace*{-3.25cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\roman{page}\hfill\mbox{}}} | |
222 | } | |
223 | } | |
224 | \fi | |
225 | } | |
226 | } | |
227 | { | |
228 | \ifodd\count0 | |
229 | \mbox{} \hfill | |
230 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
231 | \else | |
232 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
233 | \hfill \mbox{} | |
234 | \fi | |
235 | } | |
236 | ||
237 | \newpagestyle{gnusindex}% | |
238 | { | |
239 | { | |
240 | \ifodd\count0 | |
241 | { | |
242 | \hspace*{-0.23cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\gnuschaptername\hfill\arabic{page}}}} | |
243 | } | |
244 | \else | |
245 | { | |
246 | \hspace*{-3.25cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\arabic{page}\hfill\gnuschaptername}}} | |
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248 | \fi | |
249 | } | |
250 | } | |
251 | { | |
252 | \ifodd\count0 | |
253 | \mbox{} \hfill | |
254 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
255 | \else | |
256 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
257 | \hfill \mbox{} | |
258 | \fi | |
259 | } | |
260 | ||
261 | \newpagestyle{gnus}% | |
262 | { | |
263 | { | |
264 | \ifodd\count0 | |
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269 | { | |
270 | \makebox[12cm]{\hspace*{-2.95cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\arabic{page}\hfill\gnuschaptername}}}} | |
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272 | \fi | |
273 | } | |
274 | } | |
275 | { | |
276 | \ifodd\count0 | |
277 | \mbox{} \hfill | |
278 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
279 | \else | |
280 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
281 | \hfill \mbox{} | |
282 | \fi | |
283 | } | |
284 | ||
285 | \pagenumbering{roman} | |
286 | \pagestyle{gnuspreamble} | |
287 | ||
288 | @end iflatex | |
289 | @end iftex | |
290 | ||
291 | @iftex | |
292 | @iflatex | |
293 | ||
294 | \begin{titlepage} | |
295 | { | |
296 | ||
297 | %\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-5cm} | |
298 | %\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-5cm} | |
299 | \parindent=0cm | |
300 | \addtolength{\textheight}{2cm} | |
301 | ||
302 | \gnustitle{\gnustitlename}\hfill\gnusversion{\gnusversionname}\\ | |
303 | \rule{15cm}{1mm}\\ | |
304 | \vfill | |
305 | \hspace*{0cm}\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=15cm} | |
306 | \vfill | |
307 | \rule{15cm}{1mm}\\ | |
308 | \gnusauthor{by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen} | |
309 | \newpage | |
310 | } | |
311 | ||
312 | \mbox{} | |
313 | \vfill | |
314 | ||
315 | \thispagestyle{empty} | |
316 | ||
317 | @c @insertcopying | |
318 | \newpage | |
319 | \end{titlepage} | |
320 | @end iflatex | |
321 | @end iftex | |
322 | ||
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323 | @dircategory Emacs |
324 | @direntry | |
62e034c2 | 325 | * Gnus: (gnus). The newsreader Gnus. |
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326 | @end direntry |
327 | @iftex | |
328 | @finalout | |
329 | @end iftex | |
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330 | |
331 | ||
332 | @titlepage | |
333 | @title Gnus Manual | |
334 | ||
335 | @author by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen | |
336 | @page | |
337 | @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
338 | @insertcopying | |
339 | @end titlepage | |
340 | ||
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341 | @summarycontents |
342 | @contents | |
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343 | |
344 | @node Top | |
345 | @top The Gnus Newsreader | |
346 | ||
347 | @ifinfo | |
348 | ||
349 | You can read news (and mail) from within Emacs by using Gnus. The news | |
350 | can be gotten by any nefarious means you can think of---@acronym{NNTP}, local | |
351 | spool or your mbox file. All at the same time, if you want to push your | |
352 | luck. | |
353 | ||
354 | @c Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change the following line: | |
c7ff939a | 355 | This manual corresponds to Gnus v5.13 |
4009494e | 356 | |
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357 | @ifnottex |
358 | @insertcopying | |
359 | @end ifnottex | |
360 | ||
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361 | @end ifinfo |
362 | ||
363 | @iftex | |
364 | ||
365 | @iflatex | |
366 | \tableofcontents | |
367 | \gnuscleardoublepage | |
368 | @end iflatex | |
369 | ||
370 | Gnus is the advanced, self-documenting, customizable, extensible | |
371 | unreal-time newsreader for GNU Emacs. | |
372 | ||
373 | Oops. That sounds oddly familiar, so let's start over again to avoid | |
374 | being accused of plagiarism: | |
375 | ||
376 | Gnus is a message-reading laboratory. It will let you look at just | |
377 | about anything as if it were a newsgroup. You can read mail with it, | |
378 | you can browse directories with it, you can @code{ftp} with it---you | |
379 | can even read news with it! | |
380 | ||
381 | Gnus tries to empower people who read news the same way Emacs empowers | |
382 | people who edit text. Gnus sets no limits to what the user should be | |
383 | allowed to do. Users are encouraged to extend Gnus to make it behave | |
384 | like they want it to behave. A program should not control people; | |
385 | people should be empowered to do what they want by using (or abusing) | |
386 | the program. | |
387 | ||
9b3ebcb6 | 388 | @c Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change the following line: |
2e4089ab | 389 | This manual corresponds to Gnus v5.13 |
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390 | |
391 | @heading Other related manuals | |
392 | @itemize | |
393 | @item Message manual: Composing messages | |
394 | @item Emacs-MIME: Composing messages; @acronym{MIME}-specific parts. | |
395 | @item Sieve: Managing Sieve scripts in Emacs. | |
396 | @item PGG: @acronym{PGP/MIME} with Gnus. | |
2e4089ab | 397 | @item SASL: @acronym{SASL} authentication in Emacs. |
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398 | @end itemize |
399 | ||
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400 | @end iftex |
401 | ||
402 | @menu | |
403 | * Starting Up:: Finding news can be a pain. | |
404 | * Group Buffer:: Selecting, subscribing and killing groups. | |
405 | * Summary Buffer:: Reading, saving and posting articles. | |
406 | * Article Buffer:: Displaying and handling articles. | |
407 | * Composing Messages:: Information on sending mail and news. | |
408 | * Select Methods:: Gnus reads all messages from various select methods. | |
409 | * Scoring:: Assigning values to articles. | |
410 | * Various:: General purpose settings. | |
411 | * The End:: Farewell and goodbye. | |
412 | * Appendices:: Terminology, Emacs intro, @acronym{FAQ}, History, Internals. | |
413 | * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. | |
414 | * Index:: Variable, function and concept index. | |
415 | * Key Index:: Key Index. | |
416 | ||
417 | Other related manuals | |
418 | ||
419 | * Message:(message). Composing messages. | |
420 | * Emacs-MIME:(emacs-mime). Composing messages; @acronym{MIME}-specific parts. | |
421 | * Sieve:(sieve). Managing Sieve scripts in Emacs. | |
422 | * PGG:(pgg). @acronym{PGP/MIME} with Gnus. | |
01c52d31 | 423 | * SASL:(sasl). @acronym{SASL} authentication in Emacs. |
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424 | |
425 | @detailmenu | |
426 | --- The Detailed Node Listing --- | |
427 | ||
428 | Starting Gnus | |
429 | ||
430 | * Finding the News:: Choosing a method for getting news. | |
431 | * The First Time:: What does Gnus do the first time you start it? | |
432 | * The Server is Down:: How can I read my mail then? | |
433 | * Slave Gnusae:: You can have more than one Gnus active at a time. | |
434 | * Fetching a Group:: Starting Gnus just to read a group. | |
435 | * New Groups:: What is Gnus supposed to do with new groups? | |
436 | * Changing Servers:: You may want to move from one server to another. | |
437 | * Startup Files:: Those pesky startup files---@file{.newsrc}. | |
438 | * Auto Save:: Recovering from a crash. | |
439 | * The Active File:: Reading the active file over a slow line Takes Time. | |
440 | * Startup Variables:: Other variables you might change. | |
441 | ||
442 | New Groups | |
443 | ||
444 | * Checking New Groups:: Determining what groups are new. | |
445 | * Subscription Methods:: What Gnus should do with new groups. | |
446 | * Filtering New Groups:: Making Gnus ignore certain new groups. | |
447 | ||
448 | Group Buffer | |
449 | ||
450 | * Group Buffer Format:: Information listed and how you can change it. | |
451 | * Group Maneuvering:: Commands for moving in the group buffer. | |
452 | * Selecting a Group:: Actually reading news. | |
453 | * Subscription Commands:: Unsubscribing, killing, subscribing. | |
454 | * Group Data:: Changing the info for a group. | |
455 | * Group Levels:: Levels? What are those, then? | |
456 | * Group Score:: A mechanism for finding out what groups you like. | |
457 | * Marking Groups:: You can mark groups for later processing. | |
458 | * Foreign Groups:: Creating and editing groups. | |
459 | * Group Parameters:: Each group may have different parameters set. | |
460 | * Listing Groups:: Gnus can list various subsets of the groups. | |
461 | * Sorting Groups:: Re-arrange the group order. | |
462 | * Group Maintenance:: Maintaining a tidy @file{.newsrc} file. | |
463 | * Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer. | |
464 | * Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done. | |
465 | * Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics. | |
01c52d31 | 466 | * Non-ASCII Group Names:: Accessing groups of non-English names. |
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467 | * Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do. |
468 | ||
469 | Group Buffer Format | |
470 | ||
471 | * Group Line Specification:: Deciding how the group buffer is to look. | |
472 | * Group Mode Line Specification:: The group buffer mode line. | |
473 | * Group Highlighting:: Having nice colors in the group buffer. | |
474 | ||
475 | Group Topics | |
476 | ||
477 | * Topic Commands:: Interactive E-Z commands. | |
478 | * Topic Variables:: How to customize the topics the Lisp Way. | |
479 | * Topic Sorting:: Sorting each topic individually. | |
480 | * Topic Topology:: A map of the world. | |
481 | * Topic Parameters:: Parameters that apply to all groups in a topic. | |
482 | ||
483 | Misc Group Stuff | |
484 | ||
485 | * Scanning New Messages:: Asking Gnus to see whether new messages have arrived. | |
486 | * Group Information:: Information and help on groups and Gnus. | |
487 | * Group Timestamp:: Making Gnus keep track of when you last read a group. | |
488 | * File Commands:: Reading and writing the Gnus files. | |
489 | * Sieve Commands:: Managing Sieve scripts. | |
490 | ||
491 | Summary Buffer | |
492 | ||
493 | * Summary Buffer Format:: Deciding how the summary buffer is to look. | |
494 | * Summary Maneuvering:: Moving around the summary buffer. | |
495 | * Choosing Articles:: Reading articles. | |
496 | * Paging the Article:: Scrolling the current article. | |
497 | * Reply Followup and Post:: Posting articles. | |
498 | * Delayed Articles:: Send articles at a later time. | |
499 | * Marking Articles:: Marking articles as read, expirable, etc. | |
500 | * Limiting:: You can limit the summary buffer. | |
501 | * Threading:: How threads are made. | |
502 | * Sorting the Summary Buffer:: How articles and threads are sorted. | |
503 | * Asynchronous Fetching:: Gnus might be able to pre-fetch articles. | |
504 | * Article Caching:: You may store articles in a cache. | |
505 | * Persistent Articles:: Making articles expiry-resistant. | |
01c52d31 | 506 | * Sticky Articles:: Article buffers that are not reused. |
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507 | * Article Backlog:: Having already read articles hang around. |
508 | * Saving Articles:: Ways of customizing article saving. | |
509 | * Decoding Articles:: Gnus can treat series of (uu)encoded articles. | |
510 | * Article Treatment:: The article buffer can be mangled at will. | |
511 | * MIME Commands:: Doing MIMEy things with the articles. | |
512 | * Charsets:: Character set issues. | |
513 | * Article Commands:: Doing various things with the article buffer. | |
514 | * Summary Sorting:: Sorting the summary buffer in various ways. | |
515 | * Finding the Parent:: No child support? Get the parent. | |
516 | * Alternative Approaches:: Reading using non-default summaries. | |
517 | * Tree Display:: A more visual display of threads. | |
518 | * Mail Group Commands:: Some commands can only be used in mail groups. | |
519 | * Various Summary Stuff:: What didn't fit anywhere else. | |
520 | * Exiting the Summary Buffer:: Returning to the Group buffer, | |
521 | or reselecting the current group. | |
522 | * Crosspost Handling:: How crossposted articles are dealt with. | |
523 | * Duplicate Suppression:: An alternative when crosspost handling fails. | |
524 | * Security:: Decrypt and Verify. | |
525 | * Mailing List:: Mailing list minor mode. | |
526 | ||
527 | Summary Buffer Format | |
528 | ||
529 | * Summary Buffer Lines:: You can specify how summary lines should look. | |
530 | * To From Newsgroups:: How to not display your own name. | |
531 | * Summary Buffer Mode Line:: You can say how the mode line should look. | |
532 | * Summary Highlighting:: Making the summary buffer all pretty and nice. | |
533 | ||
534 | Choosing Articles | |
535 | ||
536 | * Choosing Commands:: Commands for choosing articles. | |
537 | * Choosing Variables:: Variables that influence these commands. | |
538 | ||
539 | Reply, Followup and Post | |
540 | ||
541 | * Summary Mail Commands:: Sending mail. | |
542 | * Summary Post Commands:: Sending news. | |
543 | * Summary Message Commands:: Other Message-related commands. | |
544 | * Canceling and Superseding:: | |
545 | ||
546 | Marking Articles | |
547 | ||
548 | * Unread Articles:: Marks for unread articles. | |
549 | * Read Articles:: Marks for read articles. | |
550 | * Other Marks:: Marks that do not affect readedness. | |
551 | * Setting Marks:: How to set and remove marks. | |
552 | * Generic Marking Commands:: How to customize the marking. | |
553 | * Setting Process Marks:: How to mark articles for later processing. | |
554 | ||
555 | Threading | |
556 | ||
557 | * Customizing Threading:: Variables you can change to affect the threading. | |
558 | * Thread Commands:: Thread based commands in the summary buffer. | |
559 | ||
560 | Customizing Threading | |
561 | ||
562 | * Loose Threads:: How Gnus gathers loose threads into bigger threads. | |
563 | * Filling In Threads:: Making the threads displayed look fuller. | |
564 | * More Threading:: Even more variables for fiddling with threads. | |
565 | * Low-Level Threading:: You thought it was over@dots{} but you were wrong! | |
566 | ||
567 | Decoding Articles | |
568 | ||
569 | * Uuencoded Articles:: Uudecode articles. | |
570 | * Shell Archives:: Unshar articles. | |
571 | * PostScript Files:: Split PostScript. | |
572 | * Other Files:: Plain save and binhex. | |
573 | * Decoding Variables:: Variables for a happy decoding. | |
574 | * Viewing Files:: You want to look at the result of the decoding? | |
575 | ||
576 | Decoding Variables | |
577 | ||
578 | * Rule Variables:: Variables that say how a file is to be viewed. | |
579 | * Other Decode Variables:: Other decode variables. | |
580 | * Uuencoding and Posting:: Variables for customizing uuencoding. | |
581 | ||
582 | Article Treatment | |
583 | ||
584 | * Article Highlighting:: You want to make the article look like fruit salad. | |
585 | * Article Fontisizing:: Making emphasized text look nice. | |
586 | * Article Hiding:: You also want to make certain info go away. | |
587 | * Article Washing:: Lots of way-neat functions to make life better. | |
588 | * Article Header:: Doing various header transformations. | |
589 | * Article Buttons:: Click on URLs, Message-IDs, addresses and the like. | |
590 | * Article Button Levels:: Controlling appearance of buttons. | |
591 | * Article Date:: Grumble, UT! | |
61b1af82 | 592 | * Article Display:: Display various stuff---X-Face, Picons, Smileys, Gravatars |
4009494e GM |
593 | * Article Signature:: What is a signature? |
594 | * Article Miscellanea:: Various other stuff. | |
595 | ||
596 | Alternative Approaches | |
597 | ||
598 | * Pick and Read:: First mark articles and then read them. | |
599 | * Binary Groups:: Auto-decode all articles. | |
600 | ||
601 | Various Summary Stuff | |
602 | ||
603 | * Summary Group Information:: Information oriented commands. | |
604 | * Searching for Articles:: Multiple article commands. | |
605 | * Summary Generation Commands:: | |
606 | * Really Various Summary Commands:: Those pesky non-conformant commands. | |
607 | ||
608 | Article Buffer | |
609 | ||
610 | * Hiding Headers:: Deciding what headers should be displayed. | |
611 | * Using MIME:: Pushing articles through @acronym{MIME} before reading them. | |
612 | * Customizing Articles:: Tailoring the look of the articles. | |
613 | * Article Keymap:: Keystrokes available in the article buffer. | |
614 | * Misc Article:: Other stuff. | |
615 | ||
616 | Composing Messages | |
617 | ||
618 | * Mail:: Mailing and replying. | |
619 | * Posting Server:: What server should you post and mail via? | |
620 | * POP before SMTP:: You cannot send a mail unless you read a mail. | |
621 | * Mail and Post:: Mailing and posting at the same time. | |
622 | * Archived Messages:: Where Gnus stores the messages you've sent. | |
623 | * Posting Styles:: An easier way to specify who you are. | |
624 | * Drafts:: Postponing messages and rejected messages. | |
625 | * Rejected Articles:: What happens if the server doesn't like your article? | |
626 | * Signing and encrypting:: How to compose secure messages. | |
627 | ||
628 | Select Methods | |
629 | ||
630 | * Server Buffer:: Making and editing virtual servers. | |
631 | * Getting News:: Reading USENET news with Gnus. | |
229b59da | 632 | * Using IMAP:: Reading mail from @acronym{IMAP}. |
4009494e GM |
633 | * Getting Mail:: Reading your personal mail with Gnus. |
634 | * Browsing the Web:: Getting messages from a plethora of Web sources. | |
c4d82de8 | 635 | * Other Sources:: Reading directories, files. |
4009494e GM |
636 | * Combined Groups:: Combining groups into one group. |
637 | * Email Based Diary:: Using mails to manage diary events in Gnus. | |
638 | * Gnus Unplugged:: Reading news and mail offline. | |
639 | ||
640 | Server Buffer | |
641 | ||
642 | * Server Buffer Format:: You can customize the look of this buffer. | |
643 | * Server Commands:: Commands to manipulate servers. | |
644 | * Example Methods:: Examples server specifications. | |
645 | * Creating a Virtual Server:: An example session. | |
646 | * Server Variables:: Which variables to set. | |
647 | * Servers and Methods:: You can use server names as select methods. | |
648 | * Unavailable Servers:: Some servers you try to contact may be down. | |
649 | ||
650 | Getting News | |
651 | ||
652 | * NNTP:: Reading news from an @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
653 | * News Spool:: Reading news from the local spool. | |
654 | ||
655 | @acronym{NNTP} | |
656 | ||
657 | * Direct Functions:: Connecting directly to the server. | |
658 | * Indirect Functions:: Connecting indirectly to the server. | |
659 | * Common Variables:: Understood by several connection functions. | |
01c52d31 | 660 | * NNTP marks:: Storing marks for @acronym{NNTP} servers. |
4009494e GM |
661 | |
662 | Getting Mail | |
663 | ||
664 | * Mail in a Newsreader:: Important introductory notes. | |
665 | * Getting Started Reading Mail:: A simple cookbook example. | |
666 | * Splitting Mail:: How to create mail groups. | |
667 | * Mail Sources:: How to tell Gnus where to get mail from. | |
668 | * Mail Back End Variables:: Variables for customizing mail handling. | |
669 | * Fancy Mail Splitting:: Gnus can do hairy splitting of incoming mail. | |
670 | * Group Mail Splitting:: Use group customize to drive mail splitting. | |
671 | * Incorporating Old Mail:: What about the old mail you have? | |
672 | * Expiring Mail:: Getting rid of unwanted mail. | |
673 | * Washing Mail:: Removing cruft from the mail you get. | |
674 | * Duplicates:: Dealing with duplicated mail. | |
675 | * Not Reading Mail:: Using mail back ends for reading other files. | |
676 | * Choosing a Mail Back End:: Gnus can read a variety of mail formats. | |
677 | ||
678 | Mail Sources | |
679 | ||
680 | * Mail Source Specifiers:: How to specify what a mail source is. | |
681 | * Mail Source Customization:: Some variables that influence things. | |
682 | * Fetching Mail:: Using the mail source specifiers. | |
683 | ||
684 | Choosing a Mail Back End | |
685 | ||
686 | * Unix Mail Box:: Using the (quite) standard Un*x mbox. | |
bc79f9ab | 687 | * Babyl:: Babyl was used by older versions of Rmail. |
4009494e GM |
688 | * Mail Spool:: Store your mail in a private spool? |
689 | * MH Spool:: An mhspool-like back end. | |
690 | * Maildir:: Another one-file-per-message format. | |
691 | * Mail Folders:: Having one file for each group. | |
692 | * Comparing Mail Back Ends:: An in-depth looks at pros and cons. | |
693 | ||
694 | Browsing the Web | |
695 | ||
696 | * Archiving Mail:: | |
697 | * Web Searches:: Creating groups from articles that match a string. | |
4009494e GM |
698 | * RSS:: Reading RDF site summary. |
699 | * Customizing W3:: Doing stuff to Emacs/W3 from Gnus. | |
700 | ||
4009494e GM |
701 | Other Sources |
702 | ||
703 | * Directory Groups:: You can read a directory as if it was a newsgroup. | |
704 | * Anything Groups:: Dired? Who needs dired? | |
705 | * Document Groups:: Single files can be the basis of a group. | |
4009494e GM |
706 | * Mail-To-News Gateways:: Posting articles via mail-to-news gateways. |
707 | ||
708 | Document Groups | |
709 | ||
710 | * Document Server Internals:: How to add your own document types. | |
711 | ||
4009494e GM |
712 | Combined Groups |
713 | ||
714 | * Virtual Groups:: Combining articles from many groups. | |
4009494e GM |
715 | |
716 | Email Based Diary | |
717 | ||
718 | * The NNDiary Back End:: Basic setup and usage. | |
719 | * The Gnus Diary Library:: Utility toolkit on top of nndiary. | |
720 | * Sending or Not Sending:: A final note on sending diary messages. | |
721 | ||
722 | The NNDiary Back End | |
723 | ||
724 | * Diary Messages:: What makes a message valid for nndiary. | |
725 | * Running NNDiary:: NNDiary has two modes of operation. | |
726 | * Customizing NNDiary:: Bells and whistles. | |
727 | ||
728 | The Gnus Diary Library | |
729 | ||
730 | * Diary Summary Line Format:: A nicer summary buffer line format. | |
731 | * Diary Articles Sorting:: A nicer way to sort messages. | |
732 | * Diary Headers Generation:: Not doing it manually. | |
733 | * Diary Group Parameters:: Not handling them manually. | |
734 | ||
735 | Gnus Unplugged | |
736 | ||
737 | * Agent Basics:: How it all is supposed to work. | |
738 | * Agent Categories:: How to tell the Gnus Agent what to download. | |
739 | * Agent Commands:: New commands for all the buffers. | |
740 | * Agent Visuals:: Ways that the agent may effect your summary buffer. | |
741 | * Agent as Cache:: The Agent is a big cache too. | |
742 | * Agent Expiry:: How to make old articles go away. | |
743 | * Agent Regeneration:: How to recover from lost connections and other accidents. | |
01c52d31 | 744 | * Agent and flags:: How the Agent maintains flags. |
4009494e GM |
745 | * Agent and IMAP:: How to use the Agent with @acronym{IMAP}. |
746 | * Outgoing Messages:: What happens when you post/mail something? | |
747 | * Agent Variables:: Customizing is fun. | |
748 | * Example Setup:: An example @file{~/.gnus.el} file for offline people. | |
749 | * Batching Agents:: How to fetch news from a @code{cron} job. | |
750 | * Agent Caveats:: What you think it'll do and what it does. | |
751 | ||
752 | Agent Categories | |
753 | ||
754 | * Category Syntax:: What a category looks like. | |
755 | * Category Buffer:: A buffer for maintaining categories. | |
756 | * Category Variables:: Customize'r'Us. | |
757 | ||
758 | Agent Commands | |
759 | ||
760 | * Group Agent Commands:: Configure groups and fetch their contents. | |
761 | * Summary Agent Commands:: Manually select then fetch specific articles. | |
762 | * Server Agent Commands:: Select the servers that are supported by the agent. | |
763 | ||
764 | Scoring | |
765 | ||
766 | * Summary Score Commands:: Adding score entries for the current group. | |
767 | * Group Score Commands:: General score commands. | |
768 | * Score Variables:: Customize your scoring. (My, what terminology). | |
769 | * Score File Format:: What a score file may contain. | |
770 | * Score File Editing:: You can edit score files by hand as well. | |
771 | * Adaptive Scoring:: Big Sister Gnus knows what you read. | |
772 | * Home Score File:: How to say where new score entries are to go. | |
773 | * Followups To Yourself:: Having Gnus notice when people answer you. | |
774 | * Scoring On Other Headers:: Scoring on non-standard headers. | |
775 | * Scoring Tips:: How to score effectively. | |
776 | * Reverse Scoring:: That problem child of old is not problem. | |
777 | * Global Score Files:: Earth-spanning, ear-splitting score files. | |
778 | * Kill Files:: They are still here, but they can be ignored. | |
779 | * Converting Kill Files:: Translating kill files to score files. | |
4009494e GM |
780 | * Advanced Scoring:: Using logical expressions to build score rules. |
781 | * Score Decays:: It can be useful to let scores wither away. | |
782 | ||
4009494e GM |
783 | Advanced Scoring |
784 | ||
785 | * Advanced Scoring Syntax:: A definition. | |
786 | * Advanced Scoring Examples:: What they look like. | |
787 | * Advanced Scoring Tips:: Getting the most out of it. | |
788 | ||
789 | Various | |
790 | ||
791 | * Process/Prefix:: A convention used by many treatment commands. | |
792 | * Interactive:: Making Gnus ask you many questions. | |
793 | * Symbolic Prefixes:: How to supply some Gnus functions with options. | |
794 | * Formatting Variables:: You can specify what buffers should look like. | |
795 | * Window Layout:: Configuring the Gnus buffer windows. | |
796 | * Faces and Fonts:: How to change how faces look. | |
797 | * Compilation:: How to speed Gnus up. | |
798 | * Mode Lines:: Displaying information in the mode lines. | |
799 | * Highlighting and Menus:: Making buffers look all nice and cozy. | |
800 | * Buttons:: Get tendinitis in ten easy steps! | |
801 | * Daemons:: Gnus can do things behind your back. | |
4009494e GM |
802 | * Undo:: Some actions can be undone. |
803 | * Predicate Specifiers:: Specifying predicates. | |
804 | * Moderation:: What to do if you're a moderator. | |
805 | * Image Enhancements:: Modern versions of Emacs/XEmacs can display images. | |
806 | * Fuzzy Matching:: What's the big fuzz? | |
807 | * Thwarting Email Spam:: Simple ways to avoid unsolicited commercial email. | |
808 | * Spam Package:: A package for filtering and processing spam. | |
64763fe3 | 809 | * The Gnus Registry:: A package for tracking messages by Message-ID. |
4009494e GM |
810 | * Other modes:: Interaction with other modes. |
811 | * Various Various:: Things that are really various. | |
812 | ||
813 | Formatting Variables | |
814 | ||
815 | * Formatting Basics:: A formatting variable is basically a format string. | |
816 | * Mode Line Formatting:: Some rules about mode line formatting variables. | |
817 | * Advanced Formatting:: Modifying output in various ways. | |
818 | * User-Defined Specs:: Having Gnus call your own functions. | |
819 | * Formatting Fonts:: Making the formatting look colorful and nice. | |
820 | * Positioning Point:: Moving point to a position after an operation. | |
821 | * Tabulation:: Tabulating your output. | |
822 | * Wide Characters:: Dealing with wide characters. | |
823 | ||
824 | Image Enhancements | |
825 | ||
826 | * X-Face:: Display a funky, teensy black-and-white image. | |
827 | * Face:: Display a funkier, teensier colored image. | |
828 | * Smileys:: Show all those happy faces the way they were | |
829 | meant to be shown. | |
830 | * Picons:: How to display pictures of what you're reading. | |
831 | * XVarious:: Other XEmacsy Gnusey variables. | |
832 | ||
833 | Thwarting Email Spam | |
834 | ||
835 | * The problem of spam:: Some background, and some solutions | |
836 | * Anti-Spam Basics:: Simple steps to reduce the amount of spam. | |
837 | * SpamAssassin:: How to use external anti-spam tools. | |
838 | * Hashcash:: Reduce spam by burning CPU time. | |
839 | ||
840 | Spam Package | |
841 | ||
842 | * Spam Package Introduction:: | |
843 | * Filtering Incoming Mail:: | |
844 | * Detecting Spam in Groups:: | |
845 | * Spam and Ham Processors:: | |
846 | * Spam Package Configuration Examples:: | |
847 | * Spam Back Ends:: | |
848 | * Extending the Spam package:: | |
849 | * Spam Statistics Package:: | |
850 | ||
851 | Spam Statistics Package | |
852 | ||
853 | * Creating a spam-stat dictionary:: | |
854 | * Splitting mail using spam-stat:: | |
855 | * Low-level interface to the spam-stat dictionary:: | |
856 | ||
857 | Appendices | |
858 | ||
859 | * XEmacs:: Requirements for installing under XEmacs. | |
860 | * History:: How Gnus got where it is today. | |
861 | * On Writing Manuals:: Why this is not a beginner's guide. | |
862 | * Terminology:: We use really difficult, like, words here. | |
863 | * Customization:: Tailoring Gnus to your needs. | |
864 | * Troubleshooting:: What you might try if things do not work. | |
865 | * Gnus Reference Guide:: Rilly, rilly technical stuff. | |
866 | * Emacs for Heathens:: A short introduction to Emacsian terms. | |
867 | * Frequently Asked Questions:: The Gnus FAQ | |
868 | ||
869 | History | |
870 | ||
871 | * Gnus Versions:: What Gnus versions have been released. | |
872 | * Other Gnus Versions:: Other Gnus versions that also have been released. | |
873 | * Why?:: What's the point of Gnus? | |
874 | * Compatibility:: Just how compatible is Gnus with @sc{gnus}? | |
875 | * Conformity:: Gnus tries to conform to all standards. | |
876 | * Emacsen:: Gnus can be run on a few modern Emacsen. | |
877 | * Gnus Development:: How Gnus is developed. | |
878 | * Contributors:: Oodles of people. | |
879 | * New Features:: Pointers to some of the new stuff in Gnus. | |
880 | ||
881 | New Features | |
882 | ||
883 | * ding Gnus:: New things in Gnus 5.0/5.1, the first new Gnus. | |
884 | * September Gnus:: The Thing Formally Known As Gnus 5.2/5.3. | |
885 | * Red Gnus:: Third time best---Gnus 5.4/5.5. | |
886 | * Quassia Gnus:: Two times two is four, or Gnus 5.6/5.7. | |
887 | * Pterodactyl Gnus:: Pentad also starts with P, AKA Gnus 5.8/5.9. | |
888 | * Oort Gnus:: It's big. It's far out. Gnus 5.10/5.11. | |
01c52d31 | 889 | * No Gnus:: Very punny. |
4009494e GM |
890 | |
891 | Customization | |
892 | ||
893 | * Slow/Expensive Connection:: You run a local Emacs and get the news elsewhere. | |
894 | * Slow Terminal Connection:: You run a remote Emacs. | |
895 | * Little Disk Space:: You feel that having large setup files is icky. | |
896 | * Slow Machine:: You feel like buying a faster machine. | |
897 | ||
898 | Gnus Reference Guide | |
899 | ||
900 | * Gnus Utility Functions:: Common functions and variable to use. | |
901 | * Back End Interface:: How Gnus communicates with the servers. | |
902 | * Score File Syntax:: A BNF definition of the score file standard. | |
903 | * Headers:: How Gnus stores headers internally. | |
904 | * Ranges:: A handy format for storing mucho numbers. | |
905 | * Group Info:: The group info format. | |
906 | * Extended Interactive:: Symbolic prefixes and stuff. | |
907 | * Emacs/XEmacs Code:: Gnus can be run under all modern Emacsen. | |
908 | * Various File Formats:: Formats of files that Gnus use. | |
909 | ||
910 | Back End Interface | |
911 | ||
912 | * Required Back End Functions:: Functions that must be implemented. | |
913 | * Optional Back End Functions:: Functions that need not be implemented. | |
914 | * Error Messaging:: How to get messages and report errors. | |
915 | * Writing New Back Ends:: Extending old back ends. | |
916 | * Hooking New Back Ends Into Gnus:: What has to be done on the Gnus end. | |
917 | * Mail-like Back Ends:: Some tips on mail back ends. | |
918 | ||
919 | Various File Formats | |
920 | ||
921 | * Active File Format:: Information on articles and groups available. | |
922 | * Newsgroups File Format:: Group descriptions. | |
923 | ||
924 | Emacs for Heathens | |
925 | ||
926 | * Keystrokes:: Entering text and executing commands. | |
927 | * Emacs Lisp:: The built-in Emacs programming language. | |
928 | ||
929 | @end detailmenu | |
930 | @end menu | |
931 | ||
932 | @node Starting Up | |
933 | @chapter Starting Gnus | |
934 | @cindex starting up | |
935 | ||
936 | If you haven't used Emacs much before using Gnus, read @ref{Emacs for | |
937 | Heathens} first. | |
938 | ||
939 | @kindex M-x gnus | |
940 | @findex gnus | |
941 | If your system administrator has set things up properly, starting Gnus | |
942 | and reading news is extremely easy---you just type @kbd{M-x gnus} in | |
943 | your Emacs. If not, you should customize the variable | |
944 | @code{gnus-select-method} as described in @ref{Finding the News}. For a | |
945 | minimal setup for posting should also customize the variables | |
946 | @code{user-full-name} and @code{user-mail-address}. | |
947 | ||
948 | @findex gnus-other-frame | |
949 | @kindex M-x gnus-other-frame | |
950 | If you want to start Gnus in a different frame, you can use the command | |
951 | @kbd{M-x gnus-other-frame} instead. | |
952 | ||
953 | If things do not go smoothly at startup, you have to twiddle some | |
954 | variables in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file. This file is similar to | |
955 | @file{~/.emacs}, but is read when Gnus starts. | |
956 | ||
957 | If you puzzle at any terms used in this manual, please refer to the | |
958 | terminology section (@pxref{Terminology}). | |
959 | ||
960 | @menu | |
961 | * Finding the News:: Choosing a method for getting news. | |
962 | * The First Time:: What does Gnus do the first time you start it? | |
963 | * The Server is Down:: How can I read my mail then? | |
964 | * Slave Gnusae:: You can have more than one Gnus active at a time. | |
965 | * New Groups:: What is Gnus supposed to do with new groups? | |
966 | * Changing Servers:: You may want to move from one server to another. | |
967 | * Startup Files:: Those pesky startup files---@file{.newsrc}. | |
968 | * Auto Save:: Recovering from a crash. | |
969 | * The Active File:: Reading the active file over a slow line Takes Time. | |
970 | * Startup Variables:: Other variables you might change. | |
971 | @end menu | |
972 | ||
973 | ||
974 | @node Finding the News | |
975 | @section Finding the News | |
976 | @cindex finding news | |
977 | ||
357e2d8e KY |
978 | First of all, you should know that there is a special buffer called |
979 | @code{*Server*} that lists all the servers Gnus knows about. You can | |
980 | press @kbd{^} from the Group buffer to see it. In the Server buffer, | |
981 | you can press @kbd{RET} on a defined server to see all the groups it | |
982 | serves (subscribed or not!). You can also add or delete servers, edit | |
983 | a foreign server's definition, agentize or de-agentize a server, and | |
984 | do many other neat things. @xref{Server Buffer}. | |
985 | @xref{Foreign Groups}. @xref{Agent Basics}. | |
986 | ||
4009494e GM |
987 | @vindex gnus-select-method |
988 | @c @head | |
989 | The @code{gnus-select-method} variable says where Gnus should look for | |
990 | news. This variable should be a list where the first element says | |
991 | @dfn{how} and the second element says @dfn{where}. This method is your | |
992 | native method. All groups not fetched with this method are | |
993 | foreign groups. | |
994 | ||
995 | For instance, if the @samp{news.somewhere.edu} @acronym{NNTP} server is where | |
996 | you want to get your daily dosage of news from, you'd say: | |
997 | ||
998 | @lisp | |
999 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.somewhere.edu")) | |
1000 | @end lisp | |
1001 | ||
1002 | If you want to read directly from the local spool, say: | |
1003 | ||
1004 | @lisp | |
1005 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) | |
1006 | @end lisp | |
1007 | ||
1008 | If you can use a local spool, you probably should, as it will almost | |
1009 | certainly be much faster. But do not use the local spool if your | |
1010 | server is running Leafnode (which is a simple, standalone private news | |
1011 | server); in this case, use @code{(nntp "localhost")}. | |
1012 | ||
1013 | @vindex gnus-nntpserver-file | |
1014 | @cindex NNTPSERVER | |
1015 | @cindex @acronym{NNTP} server | |
1016 | If this variable is not set, Gnus will take a look at the | |
1017 | @env{NNTPSERVER} environment variable. If that variable isn't set, | |
1018 | Gnus will see whether @code{gnus-nntpserver-file} | |
1019 | (@file{/etc/nntpserver} by default) has any opinions on the matter. | |
1020 | If that fails as well, Gnus will try to use the machine running Emacs | |
1021 | as an @acronym{NNTP} server. That's a long shot, though. | |
1022 | ||
1023 | @vindex gnus-nntp-server | |
1024 | If @code{gnus-nntp-server} is set, this variable will override | |
1025 | @code{gnus-select-method}. You should therefore set | |
1026 | @code{gnus-nntp-server} to @code{nil}, which is what it is by default. | |
1027 | ||
1028 | @vindex gnus-secondary-servers | |
1029 | @vindex gnus-nntp-server | |
1030 | You can also make Gnus prompt you interactively for the name of an | |
1031 | @acronym{NNTP} server. If you give a non-numerical prefix to @code{gnus} | |
1032 | (i.e., @kbd{C-u M-x gnus}), Gnus will let you choose between the servers | |
1033 | in the @code{gnus-secondary-servers} list (if any). You can also just | |
1034 | type in the name of any server you feel like visiting. (Note that this | |
1035 | will set @code{gnus-nntp-server}, which means that if you then @kbd{M-x | |
1036 | gnus} later in the same Emacs session, Gnus will contact the same | |
1037 | server.) | |
1038 | ||
1039 | @findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server | |
1040 | @kindex B (Group) | |
1041 | However, if you use one @acronym{NNTP} server regularly and are just | |
1042 | interested in a couple of groups from a different server, you would be | |
1043 | better served by using the @kbd{B} command in the group buffer. It will | |
1044 | let you have a look at what groups are available, and you can subscribe | |
1045 | to any of the groups you want to. This also makes @file{.newsrc} | |
1046 | maintenance much tidier. @xref{Foreign Groups}. | |
1047 | ||
1048 | @vindex gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
1049 | @c @head | |
1050 | A slightly different approach to foreign groups is to set the | |
1051 | @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods} variable. The select methods | |
1052 | listed in this variable are in many ways just as native as the | |
1053 | @code{gnus-select-method} server. They will also be queried for active | |
1054 | files during startup (if that's required), and new newsgroups that | |
1055 | appear on these servers will be subscribed (or not) just as native | |
1056 | groups are. | |
1057 | ||
1058 | For instance, if you use the @code{nnmbox} back end to read your mail, | |
1059 | you would typically set this variable to | |
1060 | ||
1061 | @lisp | |
1062 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnmbox ""))) | |
1063 | @end lisp | |
1064 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
1065 | Note: the @acronym{NNTP} back end stores marks in marks files |
1066 | (@pxref{NNTP marks}). This feature makes it easy to share marks between | |
1067 | several Gnus installations, but may slow down things a bit when fetching | |
1068 | new articles. @xref{NNTP marks}, for more information. | |
1069 | ||
4009494e GM |
1070 | |
1071 | @node The First Time | |
1072 | @section The First Time | |
1073 | @cindex first time usage | |
1074 | ||
1075 | If no startup files exist (@pxref{Startup Files}), Gnus will try to | |
1076 | determine what groups should be subscribed by default. | |
1077 | ||
1078 | @vindex gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups | |
1079 | If the variable @code{gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups} is set, Gnus | |
1080 | will subscribe you to just those groups in that list, leaving the rest | |
1081 | killed. Your system administrator should have set this variable to | |
1082 | something useful. | |
1083 | ||
1084 | Since she hasn't, Gnus will just subscribe you to a few arbitrarily | |
1085 | picked groups (i.e., @samp{*.newusers}). (@dfn{Arbitrary} is defined | |
1086 | here as @dfn{whatever Lars thinks you should read}.) | |
1087 | ||
1088 | You'll also be subscribed to the Gnus documentation group, which should | |
1089 | help you with most common problems. | |
1090 | ||
1091 | If @code{gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups} is @code{t}, Gnus will just | |
1092 | use the normal functions for handling new groups, and not do anything | |
1093 | special. | |
1094 | ||
1095 | ||
1096 | @node The Server is Down | |
1097 | @section The Server is Down | |
1098 | @cindex server errors | |
1099 | ||
1100 | If the default server is down, Gnus will understandably have some | |
1101 | problems starting. However, if you have some mail groups in addition to | |
1102 | the news groups, you may want to start Gnus anyway. | |
1103 | ||
1104 | Gnus, being the trusting sort of program, will ask whether to proceed | |
1105 | without a native select method if that server can't be contacted. This | |
1106 | will happen whether the server doesn't actually exist (i.e., you have | |
1107 | given the wrong address) or the server has just momentarily taken ill | |
1108 | for some reason or other. If you decide to continue and have no foreign | |
1109 | groups, you'll find it difficult to actually do anything in the group | |
1110 | buffer. But, hey, that's your problem. Blllrph! | |
1111 | ||
1112 | @findex gnus-no-server | |
1113 | @kindex M-x gnus-no-server | |
1114 | @c @head | |
1115 | If you know that the server is definitely down, or you just want to read | |
1116 | your mail without bothering with the server at all, you can use the | |
1117 | @code{gnus-no-server} command to start Gnus. That might come in handy | |
1118 | if you're in a hurry as well. This command will not attempt to contact | |
1119 | your primary server---instead, it will just activate all groups on level | |
1120 | 1 and 2. (You should preferably keep no native groups on those two | |
1121 | levels.) Also @pxref{Group Levels}. | |
1122 | ||
1123 | ||
1124 | @node Slave Gnusae | |
1125 | @section Slave Gnusae | |
1126 | @cindex slave | |
1127 | ||
1128 | You might want to run more than one Emacs with more than one Gnus at the | |
1129 | same time. If you are using different @file{.newsrc} files (e.g., if you | |
1130 | are using the two different Gnusae to read from two different servers), | |
1131 | that is no problem whatsoever. You just do it. | |
1132 | ||
1133 | The problem appears when you want to run two Gnusae that use the same | |
1134 | @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1135 | ||
1136 | To work around that problem some, we here at the Think-Tank at the Gnus | |
1137 | Towers have come up with a new concept: @dfn{Masters} and | |
1138 | @dfn{slaves}. (We have applied for a patent on this concept, and have | |
1139 | taken out a copyright on those words. If you wish to use those words in | |
1140 | conjunction with each other, you have to send $1 per usage instance to | |
1141 | me. Usage of the patent (@dfn{Master/Slave Relationships In Computer | |
1142 | Applications}) will be much more expensive, of course.) | |
1143 | ||
1144 | @findex gnus-slave | |
1145 | Anyway, you start one Gnus up the normal way with @kbd{M-x gnus} (or | |
1146 | however you do it). Each subsequent slave Gnusae should be started with | |
1147 | @kbd{M-x gnus-slave}. These slaves won't save normal @file{.newsrc} | |
1148 | files, but instead save @dfn{slave files} that contain information only | |
1149 | on what groups have been read in the slave session. When a master Gnus | |
1150 | starts, it will read (and delete) these slave files, incorporating all | |
1151 | information from them. (The slave files will be read in the sequence | |
1152 | they were created, so the latest changes will have precedence.) | |
1153 | ||
1154 | Information from the slave files has, of course, precedence over the | |
1155 | information in the normal (i.e., master) @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1156 | ||
1157 | If the @file{.newsrc*} files have not been saved in the master when the | |
1158 | slave starts, you may be prompted as to whether to read an auto-save | |
1159 | file. If you answer ``yes'', the unsaved changes to the master will be | |
1160 | incorporated into the slave. If you answer ``no'', the slave may see some | |
1161 | messages as unread that have been read in the master. | |
1162 | ||
1163 | ||
1164 | ||
1165 | @node New Groups | |
1166 | @section New Groups | |
1167 | @cindex new groups | |
1168 | @cindex subscription | |
1169 | ||
1170 | @vindex gnus-check-new-newsgroups | |
1171 | If you are satisfied that you really never want to see any new groups, | |
1172 | you can set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{nil}. This will | |
1173 | also save you some time at startup. Even if this variable is | |
1174 | @code{nil}, you can always subscribe to the new groups just by pressing | |
1175 | @kbd{U} in the group buffer (@pxref{Group Maintenance}). This variable | |
1176 | is @code{ask-server} by default. If you set this variable to | |
1177 | @code{always}, then Gnus will query the back ends for new groups even | |
1178 | when you do the @kbd{g} command (@pxref{Scanning New Messages}). | |
1179 | ||
1180 | @menu | |
1181 | * Checking New Groups:: Determining what groups are new. | |
1182 | * Subscription Methods:: What Gnus should do with new groups. | |
1183 | * Filtering New Groups:: Making Gnus ignore certain new groups. | |
1184 | @end menu | |
1185 | ||
1186 | ||
1187 | @node Checking New Groups | |
1188 | @subsection Checking New Groups | |
1189 | ||
1190 | Gnus normally determines whether a group is new or not by comparing the | |
1191 | list of groups from the active file(s) with the lists of subscribed and | |
1192 | dead groups. This isn't a particularly fast method. If | |
1193 | @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} is @code{ask-server}, Gnus will ask the | |
1194 | server for new groups since the last time. This is both faster and | |
1195 | cheaper. This also means that you can get rid of the list of killed | |
1196 | groups altogether, so you may set @code{gnus-save-killed-list} to | |
1197 | @code{nil}, which will save time both at startup, at exit, and all over. | |
1198 | Saves disk space, too. Why isn't this the default, then? | |
1199 | Unfortunately, not all servers support this command. | |
1200 | ||
1201 | I bet I know what you're thinking now: How do I find out whether my | |
1202 | server supports @code{ask-server}? No? Good, because I don't have a | |
1203 | fail-safe answer. I would suggest just setting this variable to | |
1204 | @code{ask-server} and see whether any new groups appear within the next | |
1205 | few days. If any do, then it works. If none do, then it doesn't | |
1206 | work. I could write a function to make Gnus guess whether the server | |
1207 | supports @code{ask-server}, but it would just be a guess. So I won't. | |
1208 | You could @code{telnet} to the server and say @code{HELP} and see | |
1209 | whether it lists @samp{NEWGROUPS} among the commands it understands. If | |
1210 | it does, then it might work. (But there are servers that lists | |
1211 | @samp{NEWGROUPS} without supporting the function properly.) | |
1212 | ||
1213 | This variable can also be a list of select methods. If so, Gnus will | |
1214 | issue an @code{ask-server} command to each of the select methods, and | |
1215 | subscribe them (or not) using the normal methods. This might be handy | |
1216 | if you are monitoring a few servers for new groups. A side effect is | |
1217 | that startup will take much longer, so you can meditate while waiting. | |
1218 | Use the mantra ``dingnusdingnusdingnus'' to achieve permanent bliss. | |
1219 | ||
1220 | ||
1221 | @node Subscription Methods | |
1222 | @subsection Subscription Methods | |
1223 | ||
1224 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method | |
1225 | What Gnus does when it encounters a new group is determined by the | |
1226 | @code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method} variable. | |
1227 | ||
1228 | This variable should contain a function. This function will be called | |
1229 | with the name of the new group as the only parameter. | |
1230 | ||
1231 | Some handy pre-fab functions are: | |
1232 | ||
1233 | @table @code | |
1234 | ||
1235 | @item gnus-subscribe-zombies | |
1236 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-zombies | |
1237 | Make all new groups zombies. This is the default. You can browse the | |
1238 | zombies later (with @kbd{A z}) and either kill them all off properly | |
1239 | (with @kbd{S z}), or subscribe to them (with @kbd{u}). | |
1240 | ||
1241 | @item gnus-subscribe-randomly | |
1242 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-randomly | |
1243 | Subscribe all new groups in arbitrary order. This really means that all | |
1244 | new groups will be added at ``the top'' of the group buffer. | |
1245 | ||
1246 | @item gnus-subscribe-alphabetically | |
1247 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-alphabetically | |
1248 | Subscribe all new groups in alphabetical order. | |
1249 | ||
1250 | @item gnus-subscribe-hierarchically | |
1251 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-hierarchically | |
1252 | Subscribe all new groups hierarchically. The difference between this | |
1253 | function and @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically} is slight. | |
1254 | @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically} will subscribe new groups in a strictly | |
1255 | alphabetical fashion, while this function will enter groups into its | |
1256 | hierarchy. So if you want to have the @samp{rec} hierarchy before the | |
1257 | @samp{comp} hierarchy, this function will not mess that configuration | |
1258 | up. Or something like that. | |
1259 | ||
1260 | @item gnus-subscribe-interactively | |
1261 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-interactively | |
1262 | Subscribe new groups interactively. This means that Gnus will ask | |
1263 | you about @strong{all} new groups. The groups you choose to subscribe | |
1264 | to will be subscribed hierarchically. | |
1265 | ||
1266 | @item gnus-subscribe-killed | |
1267 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-killed | |
1268 | Kill all new groups. | |
1269 | ||
1270 | @item gnus-subscribe-topics | |
1271 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-topics | |
1272 | Put the groups into the topic that has a matching @code{subscribe} topic | |
1273 | parameter (@pxref{Topic Parameters}). For instance, a @code{subscribe} | |
1274 | topic parameter that looks like | |
1275 | ||
1276 | @example | |
77ae8989 | 1277 | "nnml" |
4009494e GM |
1278 | @end example |
1279 | ||
1280 | will mean that all groups that match that regex will be subscribed under | |
1281 | that topic. | |
1282 | ||
1283 | If no topics match the groups, the groups will be subscribed in the | |
1284 | top-level topic. | |
1285 | ||
1286 | @end table | |
1287 | ||
1288 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive | |
1289 | A closely related variable is | |
1290 | @code{gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive}. (That's quite a | |
1291 | mouthful.) If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will ask you in a | |
1292 | hierarchical fashion whether to subscribe to new groups or not. Gnus | |
1293 | will ask you for each sub-hierarchy whether you want to descend the | |
1294 | hierarchy or not. | |
1295 | ||
1296 | One common mistake is to set the variable a few paragraphs above | |
1297 | (@code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method}) to | |
1298 | @code{gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive}. This is an error. This | |
1299 | will not work. This is ga-ga. So don't do it. | |
1300 | ||
1301 | ||
1302 | @node Filtering New Groups | |
1303 | @subsection Filtering New Groups | |
1304 | ||
1305 | A nice and portable way to control which new newsgroups should be | |
1306 | subscribed (or ignored) is to put an @dfn{options} line at the start of | |
1307 | the @file{.newsrc} file. Here's an example: | |
1308 | ||
1309 | @example | |
1310 | options -n !alt.all !rec.all sci.all | |
1311 | @end example | |
1312 | ||
1313 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method | |
1314 | This line obviously belongs to a serious-minded intellectual scientific | |
1315 | person (or she may just be plain old boring), because it says that all | |
1316 | groups that have names beginning with @samp{alt} and @samp{rec} should | |
1317 | be ignored, and all groups with names beginning with @samp{sci} should | |
1318 | be subscribed. Gnus will not use the normal subscription method for | |
1319 | subscribing these groups. | |
1320 | @code{gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method} is used instead. This | |
1321 | variable defaults to @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically}. | |
1322 | ||
1323 | @vindex gnus-options-not-subscribe | |
1324 | @vindex gnus-options-subscribe | |
1325 | If you don't want to mess with your @file{.newsrc} file, you can just | |
1326 | set the two variables @code{gnus-options-subscribe} and | |
1327 | @code{gnus-options-not-subscribe}. These two variables do exactly the | |
1328 | same as the @file{.newsrc} @samp{options -n} trick. Both are regexps, | |
1329 | and if the new group matches the former, it will be unconditionally | |
1330 | subscribed, and if it matches the latter, it will be ignored. | |
1331 | ||
1332 | @vindex gnus-auto-subscribed-groups | |
1333 | Yet another variable that meddles here is | |
1334 | @code{gnus-auto-subscribed-groups}. It works exactly like | |
1335 | @code{gnus-options-subscribe}, and is therefore really superfluous, | |
1336 | but I thought it would be nice to have two of these. This variable is | |
1337 | more meant for setting some ground rules, while the other variable is | |
1338 | used more for user fiddling. By default this variable makes all new | |
1339 | groups that come from mail back ends (@code{nnml}, @code{nnbabyl}, | |
1340 | @code{nnfolder}, @code{nnmbox}, @code{nnmh}, and @code{nnmaildir}) | |
1341 | subscribed. If you don't like that, just set this variable to | |
1342 | @code{nil}. | |
1343 | ||
1344 | New groups that match this regexp are subscribed using | |
1345 | @code{gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method}. | |
1346 | ||
1347 | ||
1348 | @node Changing Servers | |
1349 | @section Changing Servers | |
1350 | @cindex changing servers | |
1351 | ||
1352 | Sometimes it is necessary to move from one @acronym{NNTP} server to another. | |
1353 | This happens very rarely, but perhaps you change jobs, or one server is | |
1354 | very flaky and you want to use another. | |
1355 | ||
1356 | Changing the server is pretty easy, right? You just change | |
1357 | @code{gnus-select-method} to point to the new server? | |
1358 | ||
1359 | @emph{Wrong!} | |
1360 | ||
1361 | Article numbers are not (in any way) kept synchronized between different | |
1362 | @acronym{NNTP} servers, and the only way Gnus keeps track of what articles | |
1363 | you have read is by keeping track of article numbers. So when you | |
1364 | change @code{gnus-select-method}, your @file{.newsrc} file becomes | |
1365 | worthless. | |
1366 | ||
4009494e GM |
1367 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups |
1368 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
f02566ce KY |
1369 | You can use the @kbd{M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups} |
1370 | command to clear out all data that you have on your native groups. | |
1371 | Use with caution. | |
4009494e GM |
1372 | |
1373 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data | |
1374 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data | |
1375 | Clear the data from the current group only---nix out marks and the | |
1376 | list of read articles (@code{gnus-group-clear-data}). | |
1377 | ||
1378 | After changing servers, you @strong{must} move the cache hierarchy away, | |
1379 | since the cached articles will have wrong article numbers, which will | |
1380 | affect which articles Gnus thinks are read. | |
1381 | @code{gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups} will ask you if you want | |
1382 | to have it done automatically; for @code{gnus-group-clear-data}, you | |
1383 | can use @kbd{M-x gnus-cache-move-cache} (but beware, it will move the | |
1384 | cache for all groups). | |
1385 | ||
1386 | ||
1387 | @node Startup Files | |
1388 | @section Startup Files | |
1389 | @cindex startup files | |
1390 | @cindex .newsrc | |
1391 | @cindex .newsrc.el | |
1392 | @cindex .newsrc.eld | |
1393 | ||
1394 | Most common Unix news readers use a shared startup file called | |
1395 | @file{.newsrc}. This file contains all the information about what | |
1396 | groups are subscribed, and which articles in these groups have been | |
1397 | read. | |
1398 | ||
1399 | Things got a bit more complicated with @sc{gnus}. In addition to | |
1400 | keeping the @file{.newsrc} file updated, it also used a file called | |
1401 | @file{.newsrc.el} for storing all the information that didn't fit into | |
1402 | the @file{.newsrc} file. (Actually, it also duplicated everything in | |
1403 | the @file{.newsrc} file.) @sc{gnus} would read whichever one of these | |
1404 | files was the most recently saved, which enabled people to swap between | |
1405 | @sc{gnus} and other newsreaders. | |
1406 | ||
1407 | That was kinda silly, so Gnus went one better: In addition to the | |
1408 | @file{.newsrc} and @file{.newsrc.el} files, Gnus also has a file called | |
1409 | @file{.newsrc.eld}. It will read whichever of these files that are most | |
1410 | recent, but it will never write a @file{.newsrc.el} file. You should | |
1411 | never delete the @file{.newsrc.eld} file---it contains much information | |
1412 | not stored in the @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1413 | ||
1414 | @vindex gnus-save-newsrc-file | |
1415 | @vindex gnus-read-newsrc-file | |
1416 | You can turn off writing the @file{.newsrc} file by setting | |
1417 | @code{gnus-save-newsrc-file} to @code{nil}, which means you can delete | |
1418 | the file and save some space, as well as exiting from Gnus faster. | |
1419 | However, this will make it impossible to use other newsreaders than | |
1420 | Gnus. But hey, who would want to, right? Similarly, setting | |
1421 | @code{gnus-read-newsrc-file} to @code{nil} makes Gnus ignore the | |
1422 | @file{.newsrc} file and any @file{.newsrc-SERVER} files, which can be | |
1423 | convenient if you use a different news reader occasionally, and you | |
1424 | want to read a different subset of the available groups with that | |
1425 | news reader. | |
1426 | ||
1427 | @vindex gnus-save-killed-list | |
1428 | If @code{gnus-save-killed-list} (default @code{t}) is @code{nil}, Gnus | |
1429 | will not save the list of killed groups to the startup file. This will | |
1430 | save both time (when starting and quitting) and space (on disk). It | |
1431 | will also mean that Gnus has no record of what groups are new or old, | |
1432 | so the automatic new groups subscription methods become meaningless. | |
1433 | You should always set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{nil} or | |
1434 | @code{ask-server} if you set this variable to @code{nil} (@pxref{New | |
1435 | Groups}). This variable can also be a regular expression. If that's | |
1436 | the case, remove all groups that do not match this regexp before | |
1437 | saving. This can be useful in certain obscure situations that involve | |
1438 | several servers where not all servers support @code{ask-server}. | |
1439 | ||
1440 | @vindex gnus-startup-file | |
1441 | @vindex gnus-backup-startup-file | |
1442 | @vindex version-control | |
1443 | The @code{gnus-startup-file} variable says where the startup files are. | |
1444 | The default value is @file{~/.newsrc}, with the Gnus (El Dingo) startup | |
1445 | file being whatever that one is, with a @samp{.eld} appended. | |
1446 | If you want version control for this file, set | |
1447 | @code{gnus-backup-startup-file}. It respects the same values as the | |
1448 | @code{version-control} variable. | |
1449 | ||
1450 | @vindex gnus-save-newsrc-hook | |
1451 | @vindex gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook | |
1452 | @vindex gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook | |
1453 | @code{gnus-save-newsrc-hook} is called before saving any of the newsrc | |
1454 | files, while @code{gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook} is called just before | |
1455 | saving the @file{.newsrc.eld} file, and | |
1456 | @code{gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook} is called just before saving the | |
1457 | @file{.newsrc} file. The latter two are commonly used to turn version | |
1458 | control on or off. Version control is on by default when saving the | |
1459 | startup files. If you want to turn backup creation off, say something like: | |
1460 | ||
1461 | @lisp | |
1462 | (defun turn-off-backup () | |
1463 | (set (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited) t)) | |
1464 | ||
1465 | (add-hook 'gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook 'turn-off-backup) | |
1466 | (add-hook 'gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook 'turn-off-backup) | |
1467 | @end lisp | |
1468 | ||
1469 | @vindex gnus-init-file | |
1470 | @vindex gnus-site-init-file | |
1471 | When Gnus starts, it will read the @code{gnus-site-init-file} | |
1472 | (@file{.../site-lisp/gnus-init} by default) and @code{gnus-init-file} | |
1473 | (@file{~/.gnus} by default) files. These are normal Emacs Lisp files | |
1474 | and can be used to avoid cluttering your @file{~/.emacs} and | |
1475 | @file{site-init} files with Gnus stuff. Gnus will also check for files | |
1476 | with the same names as these, but with @file{.elc} and @file{.el} | |
1477 | suffixes. In other words, if you have set @code{gnus-init-file} to | |
1478 | @file{~/.gnus}, it will look for @file{~/.gnus.elc}, @file{~/.gnus.el}, | |
1479 | and finally @file{~/.gnus} (in this order). If Emacs was invoked with | |
1480 | the @option{-q} or @option{--no-init-file} options (@pxref{Initial | |
1481 | Options, ,Initial Options, emacs, The Emacs Manual}), Gnus doesn't read | |
1482 | @code{gnus-init-file}. | |
1483 | ||
1484 | ||
1485 | @node Auto Save | |
1486 | @section Auto Save | |
1487 | @cindex dribble file | |
1488 | @cindex auto-save | |
1489 | ||
1490 | Whenever you do something that changes the Gnus data (reading articles, | |
1491 | catching up, killing/subscribing groups), the change is added to a | |
1492 | special @dfn{dribble buffer}. This buffer is auto-saved the normal | |
1493 | Emacs way. If your Emacs should crash before you have saved the | |
1494 | @file{.newsrc} files, all changes you have made can be recovered from | |
1495 | this file. | |
1496 | ||
1497 | If Gnus detects this file at startup, it will ask the user whether to | |
1498 | read it. The auto save file is deleted whenever the real startup file is | |
1499 | saved. | |
1500 | ||
1501 | @vindex gnus-use-dribble-file | |
1502 | If @code{gnus-use-dribble-file} is @code{nil}, Gnus won't create and | |
1503 | maintain a dribble buffer. The default is @code{t}. | |
1504 | ||
1505 | @vindex gnus-dribble-directory | |
1506 | Gnus will put the dribble file(s) in @code{gnus-dribble-directory}. If | |
1507 | this variable is @code{nil}, which it is by default, Gnus will dribble | |
1508 | into the directory where the @file{.newsrc} file is located. (This is | |
1509 | normally the user's home directory.) The dribble file will get the same | |
1510 | file permissions as the @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1511 | ||
1512 | @vindex gnus-always-read-dribble-file | |
1513 | If @code{gnus-always-read-dribble-file} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will | |
1514 | read the dribble file on startup without querying the user. | |
1515 | ||
1516 | ||
1517 | @node The Active File | |
1518 | @section The Active File | |
1519 | @cindex active file | |
1520 | @cindex ignored groups | |
1521 | ||
1522 | When Gnus starts, or indeed whenever it tries to determine whether new | |
1523 | articles have arrived, it reads the active file. This is a very large | |
1524 | file that lists all the active groups and articles on the server. | |
1525 | ||
1526 | @vindex gnus-ignored-newsgroups | |
1527 | Before examining the active file, Gnus deletes all lines that match the | |
1528 | regexp @code{gnus-ignored-newsgroups}. This is done primarily to reject | |
1529 | any groups with bogus names, but you can use this variable to make Gnus | |
1530 | ignore hierarchies you aren't ever interested in. However, this is not | |
1531 | recommended. In fact, it's highly discouraged. Instead, @pxref{New | |
1532 | Groups} for an overview of other variables that can be used instead. | |
1533 | ||
1534 | @c This variable is | |
1535 | @c @code{nil} by default, and will slow down active file handling somewhat | |
1536 | @c if you set it to anything else. | |
1537 | ||
1538 | @vindex gnus-read-active-file | |
1539 | @c @head | |
1540 | The active file can be rather Huge, so if you have a slow network, you | |
1541 | can set @code{gnus-read-active-file} to @code{nil} to prevent Gnus from | |
1542 | reading the active file. This variable is @code{some} by default. | |
1543 | ||
1544 | Gnus will try to make do by getting information just on the groups that | |
1545 | you actually subscribe to. | |
1546 | ||
1547 | Note that if you subscribe to lots and lots of groups, setting this | |
1548 | variable to @code{nil} will probably make Gnus slower, not faster. At | |
1549 | present, having this variable @code{nil} will slow Gnus down | |
1550 | considerably, unless you read news over a 2400 baud modem. | |
1551 | ||
1552 | This variable can also have the value @code{some}. Gnus will then | |
1553 | attempt to read active info only on the subscribed groups. On some | |
1554 | servers this is quite fast (on sparkling, brand new INN servers that | |
1555 | support the @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command), on others this isn't fast | |
1556 | at all. In any case, @code{some} should be faster than @code{nil}, and | |
1557 | is certainly faster than @code{t} over slow lines. | |
1558 | ||
1559 | Some news servers (old versions of Leafnode and old versions of INN, for | |
1560 | instance) do not support the @code{LIST ACTIVE group}. For these | |
1561 | servers, @code{nil} is probably the most efficient value for this | |
1562 | variable. | |
1563 | ||
1564 | If this variable is @code{nil}, Gnus will ask for group info in total | |
1565 | lock-step, which isn't very fast. If it is @code{some} and you use an | |
1566 | @acronym{NNTP} server, Gnus will pump out commands as fast as it can, and | |
1567 | read all the replies in one swoop. This will normally result in better | |
1568 | performance, but if the server does not support the aforementioned | |
1569 | @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command, this isn't very nice to the server. | |
1570 | ||
1571 | If you think that starting up Gnus takes too long, try all the three | |
1572 | different values for this variable and see what works best for you. | |
1573 | ||
1574 | In any case, if you use @code{some} or @code{nil}, you should definitely | |
1575 | kill all groups that you aren't interested in to speed things up. | |
1576 | ||
1577 | Note that this variable also affects active file retrieval from | |
1578 | secondary select methods. | |
1579 | ||
1580 | ||
1581 | @node Startup Variables | |
1582 | @section Startup Variables | |
1583 | ||
1584 | @table @code | |
1585 | ||
1586 | @item gnus-load-hook | |
1587 | @vindex gnus-load-hook | |
1588 | A hook run while Gnus is being loaded. Note that this hook will | |
1589 | normally be run just once in each Emacs session, no matter how many | |
1590 | times you start Gnus. | |
1591 | ||
1592 | @item gnus-before-startup-hook | |
1593 | @vindex gnus-before-startup-hook | |
e3e955fe | 1594 | A hook called as the first thing when Gnus is started. |
4009494e GM |
1595 | |
1596 | @item gnus-startup-hook | |
1597 | @vindex gnus-startup-hook | |
1598 | A hook run as the very last thing after starting up Gnus | |
1599 | ||
1600 | @item gnus-started-hook | |
1601 | @vindex gnus-started-hook | |
1602 | A hook that is run as the very last thing after starting up Gnus | |
1603 | successfully. | |
1604 | ||
1605 | @item gnus-setup-news-hook | |
1606 | @vindex gnus-setup-news-hook | |
1607 | A hook that is run after reading the @file{.newsrc} file(s), but before | |
1608 | generating the group buffer. | |
1609 | ||
1610 | @item gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups | |
1611 | @vindex gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups | |
1612 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will check for and delete all bogus groups at | |
1613 | startup. A @dfn{bogus group} is a group that you have in your | |
1614 | @file{.newsrc} file, but doesn't exist on the news server. Checking for | |
1615 | bogus groups can take quite a while, so to save time and resources it's | |
1616 | best to leave this option off, and do the checking for bogus groups once | |
1617 | in a while from the group buffer instead (@pxref{Group Maintenance}). | |
1618 | ||
1619 | @item gnus-inhibit-startup-message | |
1620 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-startup-message | |
1621 | If non-@code{nil}, the startup message won't be displayed. That way, | |
1622 | your boss might not notice as easily that you are reading news instead | |
1623 | of doing your job. Note that this variable is used before | |
1624 | @file{~/.gnus.el} is loaded, so it should be set in @file{.emacs} instead. | |
1625 | ||
1626 | @item gnus-no-groups-message | |
1627 | @vindex gnus-no-groups-message | |
1628 | Message displayed by Gnus when no groups are available. | |
1629 | ||
b1ae92ba G |
1630 | @item gnus-use-backend-marks |
1631 | @vindex gnus-use-backend-marks | |
1632 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will store article marks both in the | |
1633 | @file{.newsrc.eld} file and in the backends. This will slow down | |
1634 | group operation some. | |
1635 | ||
4009494e GM |
1636 | @end table |
1637 | ||
1638 | ||
1639 | @node Group Buffer | |
1640 | @chapter Group Buffer | |
1641 | @cindex group buffer | |
1642 | ||
1643 | @c Alex Schroeder suggests to rearrange this as follows: | |
1644 | @c | |
1645 | @c <kensanata> ok, just save it for reference. I'll go to bed in a minute. | |
1646 | @c 1. Selecting a Group, 2. (new) Finding a Group, 3. Group Levels, | |
1647 | @c 4. Subscription Commands, 5. Group Maneuvering, 6. Group Data, | |
1648 | @c 7. Group Score, 8. Group Buffer Format | |
1649 | @c <kensanata> Group Levels should have more information on levels 5 to 9. I | |
1650 | @c suggest to split the 4th paragraph ("Gnus considers groups...") as follows: | |
1651 | @c <kensanata> First, "Gnus considers groups... (default 9)." | |
1652 | @c <kensanata> New, a table summarizing what levels 1 to 9 mean. | |
1653 | @c <kensanata> Third, "Gnus treats subscribed ... reasons of efficiency" | |
1654 | @c <kensanata> Then expand the next paragraph or add some more to it. | |
1655 | @c This short one sentence explains levels 1 and 2, therefore I understand | |
1656 | @c that I should keep important news at 3 and boring news at 4. | |
1657 | @c Say so! Then go on to explain why I should bother with levels 6 to 9. | |
1658 | @c Maybe keep those that you don't want to read temporarily at 6, | |
1659 | @c those that you never want to read at 8, those that offend your | |
1660 | @c human rights at 9... | |
1661 | ||
1662 | ||
1663 | The @dfn{group buffer} lists all (or parts) of the available groups. It | |
1664 | is the first buffer shown when Gnus starts, and will never be killed as | |
1665 | long as Gnus is active. | |
1666 | ||
1667 | @iftex | |
1668 | @iflatex | |
1669 | \gnusfigure{The Group Buffer}{320}{ | |
1670 | \put(75,50){\epsfig{figure=ps/group,height=9cm}} | |
1671 | \put(120,37){\makebox(0,0)[t]{Buffer name}} | |
1672 | \put(120,38){\vector(1,2){10}} | |
1673 | \put(40,60){\makebox(0,0)[r]{Mode line}} | |
1674 | \put(40,58){\vector(1,0){30}} | |
1675 | \put(200,28){\makebox(0,0)[t]{Native select method}} | |
1676 | \put(200,26){\vector(-1,2){15}} | |
1677 | } | |
1678 | @end iflatex | |
1679 | @end iftex | |
1680 | ||
1681 | @menu | |
1682 | * Group Buffer Format:: Information listed and how you can change it. | |
1683 | * Group Maneuvering:: Commands for moving in the group buffer. | |
1684 | * Selecting a Group:: Actually reading news. | |
1685 | * Subscription Commands:: Unsubscribing, killing, subscribing. | |
1686 | * Group Data:: Changing the info for a group. | |
1687 | * Group Levels:: Levels? What are those, then? | |
1688 | * Group Score:: A mechanism for finding out what groups you like. | |
1689 | * Marking Groups:: You can mark groups for later processing. | |
1690 | * Foreign Groups:: Creating and editing groups. | |
1691 | * Group Parameters:: Each group may have different parameters set. | |
1692 | * Listing Groups:: Gnus can list various subsets of the groups. | |
1693 | * Sorting Groups:: Re-arrange the group order. | |
1694 | * Group Maintenance:: Maintaining a tidy @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1695 | * Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer. | |
1696 | * Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done. | |
1697 | * Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics. | |
01c52d31 | 1698 | * Non-ASCII Group Names:: Accessing groups of non-English names. |
e6d2d263 | 1699 | * Searching:: Mail search engines. |
4009494e GM |
1700 | * Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do. |
1701 | @end menu | |
1702 | ||
1703 | ||
1704 | @node Group Buffer Format | |
1705 | @section Group Buffer Format | |
1706 | ||
1707 | @menu | |
1708 | * Group Line Specification:: Deciding how the group buffer is to look. | |
1709 | * Group Mode Line Specification:: The group buffer mode line. | |
1710 | * Group Highlighting:: Having nice colors in the group buffer. | |
1711 | @end menu | |
1712 | ||
1713 | You can customize the Group Mode tool bar, see @kbd{M-x | |
1714 | customize-apropos RET gnus-group-tool-bar}. This feature is only | |
1715 | available in Emacs. | |
1716 | ||
1717 | The tool bar icons are now (de)activated correctly depending on the | |
1718 | cursor position. Therefore, moving around in the Group Buffer is | |
1719 | slower. You can disable this via the variable | |
1720 | @code{gnus-group-update-tool-bar}. Its default value depends on your | |
1721 | Emacs version. | |
1722 | ||
1723 | @node Group Line Specification | |
1724 | @subsection Group Line Specification | |
1725 | @cindex group buffer format | |
1726 | ||
1727 | The default format of the group buffer is nice and dull, but you can | |
1728 | make it as exciting and ugly as you feel like. | |
1729 | ||
1730 | Here's a couple of example group lines: | |
1731 | ||
1732 | @example | |
1733 | 25: news.announce.newusers | |
1734 | * 0: alt.fan.andrea-dworkin | |
1735 | @end example | |
1736 | ||
1737 | Quite simple, huh? | |
1738 | ||
1739 | You can see that there are 25 unread articles in | |
1740 | @samp{news.announce.newusers}. There are no unread articles, but some | |
1741 | ticked articles, in @samp{alt.fan.andrea-dworkin} (see that little | |
1742 | asterisk at the beginning of the line?). | |
1743 | ||
1744 | @vindex gnus-group-line-format | |
1745 | You can change that format to whatever you want by fiddling with the | |
1746 | @code{gnus-group-line-format} variable. This variable works along the | |
1747 | lines of a @code{format} specification, which is pretty much the same as | |
1748 | a @code{printf} specifications, for those of you who use (feh!) C. | |
1749 | @xref{Formatting Variables}. | |
1750 | ||
1751 | @samp{%M%S%5y:%B%(%g%)\n} is the value that produced those lines above. | |
1752 | ||
1753 | There should always be a colon on the line; the cursor always moves to | |
1754 | the colon after performing an operation. @xref{Positioning | |
1755 | Point}. Nothing else is required---not even the group name. All | |
1756 | displayed text is just window dressing, and is never examined by Gnus. | |
1757 | Gnus stores all real information it needs using text properties. | |
1758 | ||
1759 | (Note that if you make a really strange, wonderful, spreadsheet-like | |
1760 | layout, everybody will believe you are hard at work with the accounting | |
1761 | instead of wasting time reading news.) | |
1762 | ||
1763 | Here's a list of all available format characters: | |
1764 | ||
1765 | @table @samp | |
1766 | ||
1767 | @item M | |
1768 | An asterisk if the group only has marked articles. | |
1769 | ||
1770 | @item S | |
1771 | Whether the group is subscribed. | |
1772 | ||
1773 | @item L | |
1774 | Level of subscribedness. | |
1775 | ||
1776 | @item N | |
1777 | Number of unread articles. | |
1778 | ||
1779 | @item I | |
1780 | Number of dormant articles. | |
1781 | ||
1782 | @item T | |
1783 | Number of ticked articles. | |
1784 | ||
1785 | @item R | |
1786 | Number of read articles. | |
1787 | ||
1788 | @item U | |
1789 | Number of unseen articles. | |
1790 | ||
1791 | @item t | |
1792 | Estimated total number of articles. (This is really @var{max-number} | |
1793 | minus @var{min-number} plus 1.) | |
1794 | ||
1795 | Gnus uses this estimation because the @acronym{NNTP} protocol provides | |
1796 | efficient access to @var{max-number} and @var{min-number} but getting | |
1797 | the true unread message count is not possible efficiently. For | |
1798 | hysterical raisins, even the mail back ends, where the true number of | |
1799 | unread messages might be available efficiently, use the same limited | |
1800 | interface. To remove this restriction from Gnus means that the back | |
01c52d31 MB |
1801 | end interface has to be changed, which is not an easy job. |
1802 | ||
1803 | The nnml backend (@pxref{Mail Spool}) has a feature called ``group | |
1804 | compaction'' which circumvents this deficiency: the idea is to | |
1805 | renumber all articles from 1, removing all gaps between numbers, hence | |
1806 | getting a correct total count. Other backends may support this in the | |
1807 | future. In order to keep your total article count relatively up to | |
1808 | date, you might want to compact your groups (or even directly your | |
1809 | server) from time to time. @xref{Misc Group Stuff}, @xref{Server Commands}. | |
4009494e GM |
1810 | |
1811 | @item y | |
1812 | Number of unread, unticked, non-dormant articles. | |
1813 | ||
1814 | @item i | |
1815 | Number of ticked and dormant articles. | |
1816 | ||
1817 | @item g | |
1818 | Full group name. | |
1819 | ||
1820 | @item G | |
1821 | Group name. | |
1822 | ||
1823 | @item C | |
1824 | Group comment (@pxref{Group Parameters}) or group name if there is no | |
1825 | comment element in the group parameters. | |
1826 | ||
1827 | @item D | |
1828 | Newsgroup description. You need to read the group descriptions | |
1829 | before these will appear, and to do that, you either have to set | |
1830 | @code{gnus-read-active-file} or use the group buffer @kbd{M-d} | |
1831 | command. | |
1832 | ||
1833 | @item o | |
1834 | @samp{m} if moderated. | |
1835 | ||
1836 | @item O | |
1837 | @samp{(m)} if moderated. | |
1838 | ||
1839 | @item s | |
1840 | Select method. | |
1841 | ||
1842 | @item B | |
1843 | If the summary buffer for the group is open or not. | |
1844 | ||
1845 | @item n | |
1846 | Select from where. | |
1847 | ||
1848 | @item z | |
1849 | A string that looks like @samp{<%s:%n>} if a foreign select method is | |
1850 | used. | |
1851 | ||
1852 | @item P | |
1853 | Indentation based on the level of the topic (@pxref{Group Topics}). | |
1854 | ||
1855 | @item c | |
1856 | @vindex gnus-group-uncollapsed-levels | |
1857 | Short (collapsed) group name. The @code{gnus-group-uncollapsed-levels} | |
1858 | variable says how many levels to leave at the end of the group name. | |
1859 | The default is 1---this will mean that group names like | |
1860 | @samp{gnu.emacs.gnus} will be shortened to @samp{g.e.gnus}. | |
1861 | ||
1862 | @item m | |
1863 | @vindex gnus-new-mail-mark | |
1864 | @cindex % | |
1865 | @samp{%} (@code{gnus-new-mail-mark}) if there has arrived new mail to | |
1866 | the group lately. | |
1867 | ||
1868 | @item p | |
1869 | @samp{#} (@code{gnus-process-mark}) if the group is process marked. | |
1870 | ||
1871 | @item d | |
1872 | A string that says when you last read the group (@pxref{Group | |
1873 | Timestamp}). | |
1874 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
1875 | @item F |
1876 | The disk space used by the articles fetched by both the cache and | |
1877 | agent. The value is automatically scaled to bytes(B), kilobytes(K), | |
1878 | megabytes(M), or gigabytes(G) to minimize the column width. A format | |
1879 | of %7F is sufficient for a fixed-width column. | |
1880 | ||
4009494e GM |
1881 | @item u |
1882 | User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should | |
1883 | be a letter. Gnus will call the function | |
1884 | @code{gnus-user-format-function-}@samp{X}, where @samp{X} is the letter | |
1885 | following @samp{%u}. The function will be passed a single dummy | |
1886 | parameter as argument. The function should return a string, which will | |
1887 | be inserted into the buffer just like information from any other | |
1888 | specifier. | |
1889 | @end table | |
1890 | ||
1891 | @cindex * | |
1892 | All the ``number-of'' specs will be filled with an asterisk (@samp{*}) | |
1893 | if no info is available---for instance, if it is a non-activated foreign | |
1894 | group, or a bogus native group. | |
1895 | ||
1896 | ||
1897 | @node Group Mode Line Specification | |
1898 | @subsection Group Mode Line Specification | |
1899 | @cindex group mode line | |
1900 | ||
1901 | @vindex gnus-group-mode-line-format | |
1902 | The mode line can be changed by setting | |
1903 | @code{gnus-group-mode-line-format} (@pxref{Mode Line Formatting}). It | |
1904 | doesn't understand that many format specifiers: | |
1905 | ||
1906 | @table @samp | |
1907 | @item S | |
1908 | The native news server. | |
1909 | @item M | |
1910 | The native select method. | |
1911 | @end table | |
1912 | ||
1913 | ||
1914 | @node Group Highlighting | |
1915 | @subsection Group Highlighting | |
1916 | @cindex highlighting | |
1917 | @cindex group highlighting | |
1918 | ||
1919 | @vindex gnus-group-highlight | |
1920 | Highlighting in the group buffer is controlled by the | |
1921 | @code{gnus-group-highlight} variable. This is an alist with elements | |
1922 | that look like @code{(@var{form} . @var{face})}. If @var{form} evaluates to | |
1923 | something non-@code{nil}, the @var{face} will be used on the line. | |
1924 | ||
1925 | Here's an example value for this variable that might look nice if the | |
1926 | background is dark: | |
1927 | ||
1928 | @lisp | |
1929 | (cond (window-system | |
1930 | (setq custom-background-mode 'light) | |
1931 | (defface my-group-face-1 | |
1932 | '((t (:foreground "Red" :bold t))) "First group face") | |
1933 | (defface my-group-face-2 | |
1934 | '((t (:foreground "DarkSeaGreen4" :bold t))) | |
1935 | "Second group face") | |
1936 | (defface my-group-face-3 | |
1937 | '((t (:foreground "Green4" :bold t))) "Third group face") | |
1938 | (defface my-group-face-4 | |
1939 | '((t (:foreground "SteelBlue" :bold t))) "Fourth group face") | |
1940 | (defface my-group-face-5 | |
1941 | '((t (:foreground "Blue" :bold t))) "Fifth group face"))) | |
1942 | ||
1943 | (setq gnus-group-highlight | |
1944 | '(((> unread 200) . my-group-face-1) | |
1945 | ((and (< level 3) (zerop unread)) . my-group-face-2) | |
1946 | ((< level 3) . my-group-face-3) | |
1947 | ((zerop unread) . my-group-face-4) | |
1948 | (t . my-group-face-5))) | |
1949 | @end lisp | |
1950 | ||
1951 | Also @pxref{Faces and Fonts}. | |
1952 | ||
1953 | Variables that are dynamically bound when the forms are evaluated | |
1954 | include: | |
1955 | ||
1956 | @table @code | |
1957 | @item group | |
1958 | The group name. | |
1959 | @item unread | |
1960 | The number of unread articles in the group. | |
1961 | @item method | |
1962 | The select method. | |
1963 | @item mailp | |
1964 | Whether the group is a mail group. | |
1965 | @item level | |
1966 | The level of the group. | |
1967 | @item score | |
1968 | The score of the group. | |
1969 | @item ticked | |
1970 | The number of ticked articles in the group. | |
1971 | @item total | |
1972 | The total number of articles in the group. Or rather, | |
1973 | @var{max-number} minus @var{min-number} plus one. | |
1974 | @item topic | |
1975 | When using the topic minor mode, this variable is bound to the current | |
1976 | topic being inserted. | |
1977 | @end table | |
1978 | ||
1979 | When the forms are @code{eval}ed, point is at the beginning of the line | |
1980 | of the group in question, so you can use many of the normal Gnus | |
1981 | functions for snarfing info on the group. | |
1982 | ||
1983 | @vindex gnus-group-update-hook | |
1984 | @findex gnus-group-highlight-line | |
1985 | @code{gnus-group-update-hook} is called when a group line is changed. | |
b069e5a6 | 1986 | It will not be called when @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. |
4009494e GM |
1987 | |
1988 | ||
1989 | @node Group Maneuvering | |
1990 | @section Group Maneuvering | |
1991 | @cindex group movement | |
1992 | ||
1993 | All movement commands understand the numeric prefix and will behave as | |
1994 | expected, hopefully. | |
1995 | ||
1996 | @table @kbd | |
1997 | ||
1998 | @item n | |
1999 | @kindex n (Group) | |
2000 | @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group | |
2001 | Go to the next group that has unread articles | |
2002 | (@code{gnus-group-next-unread-group}). | |
2003 | ||
2004 | @item p | |
2005 | @itemx DEL | |
2006 | @kindex DEL (Group) | |
2007 | @kindex p (Group) | |
2008 | @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group | |
2009 | Go to the previous group that has unread articles | |
2010 | (@code{gnus-group-prev-unread-group}). | |
2011 | ||
2012 | @item N | |
2013 | @kindex N (Group) | |
2014 | @findex gnus-group-next-group | |
2015 | Go to the next group (@code{gnus-group-next-group}). | |
2016 | ||
2017 | @item P | |
2018 | @kindex P (Group) | |
2019 | @findex gnus-group-prev-group | |
2020 | Go to the previous group (@code{gnus-group-prev-group}). | |
2021 | ||
2022 | @item M-n | |
2023 | @kindex M-n (Group) | |
2024 | @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level | |
2025 | Go to the next unread group on the same (or lower) level | |
2026 | (@code{gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level}). | |
2027 | ||
2028 | @item M-p | |
2029 | @kindex M-p (Group) | |
2030 | @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level | |
2031 | Go to the previous unread group on the same (or lower) level | |
2032 | (@code{gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level}). | |
2033 | @end table | |
2034 | ||
2035 | Three commands for jumping to groups: | |
2036 | ||
2037 | @table @kbd | |
2038 | ||
2039 | @item j | |
2040 | @kindex j (Group) | |
2041 | @findex gnus-group-jump-to-group | |
2042 | Jump to a group (and make it visible if it isn't already) | |
2043 | (@code{gnus-group-jump-to-group}). Killed groups can be jumped to, just | |
2044 | like living groups. | |
2045 | ||
2046 | @item , | |
2047 | @kindex , (Group) | |
2048 | @findex gnus-group-best-unread-group | |
2049 | Jump to the unread group with the lowest level | |
2050 | (@code{gnus-group-best-unread-group}). | |
2051 | ||
2052 | @item . | |
2053 | @kindex . (Group) | |
2054 | @findex gnus-group-first-unread-group | |
2055 | Jump to the first group with unread articles | |
2056 | (@code{gnus-group-first-unread-group}). | |
2057 | @end table | |
2058 | ||
2059 | @vindex gnus-group-goto-unread | |
2060 | If @code{gnus-group-goto-unread} is @code{nil}, all the movement | |
2061 | commands will move to the next group, not the next unread group. Even | |
2062 | the commands that say they move to the next unread group. The default | |
2063 | is @code{t}. | |
2064 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
2065 | @vindex gnus-summary-next-group-on-exit |
2066 | If @code{gnus-summary-next-group-on-exit} is @code{t}, when a summary is | |
2067 | exited, the point in the group buffer is moved to the next unread group. | |
2068 | Otherwise, the point is set to the group just exited. The default is | |
2069 | @code{t}. | |
4009494e GM |
2070 | |
2071 | @node Selecting a Group | |
2072 | @section Selecting a Group | |
2073 | @cindex group selection | |
2074 | ||
2075 | @table @kbd | |
2076 | ||
2077 | @item SPACE | |
2078 | @kindex SPACE (Group) | |
2079 | @findex gnus-group-read-group | |
2080 | Select the current group, switch to the summary buffer and display the | |
2081 | first unread article (@code{gnus-group-read-group}). If there are no | |
2082 | unread articles in the group, or if you give a non-numerical prefix to | |
2083 | this command, Gnus will offer to fetch all the old articles in this | |
2084 | group from the server. If you give a numerical prefix @var{n}, @var{n} | |
2085 | determines the number of articles Gnus will fetch. If @var{n} is | |
2086 | positive, Gnus fetches the @var{n} newest articles, if @var{n} is | |
2087 | negative, Gnus fetches the @code{abs(@var{n})} oldest articles. | |
2088 | ||
2089 | Thus, @kbd{SPC} enters the group normally, @kbd{C-u SPC} offers old | |
2090 | articles, @kbd{C-u 4 2 SPC} fetches the 42 newest articles, and @kbd{C-u | |
2091 | - 4 2 SPC} fetches the 42 oldest ones. | |
2092 | ||
2093 | When you are in the group (in the Summary buffer), you can type | |
2094 | @kbd{M-g} to fetch new articles, or @kbd{C-u M-g} to also show the old | |
2095 | ones. | |
2096 | ||
2097 | @item RET | |
2098 | @kindex RET (Group) | |
2099 | @findex gnus-group-select-group | |
2100 | Select the current group and switch to the summary buffer | |
2101 | (@code{gnus-group-select-group}). Takes the same arguments as | |
2102 | @code{gnus-group-read-group}---the only difference is that this command | |
2103 | does not display the first unread article automatically upon group | |
2104 | entry. | |
2105 | ||
2106 | @item M-RET | |
2107 | @kindex M-RET (Group) | |
2108 | @findex gnus-group-quick-select-group | |
2109 | This does the same as the command above, but tries to do it with the | |
2110 | minimum amount of fuzz (@code{gnus-group-quick-select-group}). No | |
2111 | scoring/killing will be performed, there will be no highlights and no | |
2112 | expunging. This might be useful if you're in a real hurry and have to | |
2113 | enter some humongous group. If you give a 0 prefix to this command | |
2114 | (i.e., @kbd{0 M-RET}), Gnus won't even generate the summary buffer, | |
2115 | which is useful if you want to toggle threading before generating the | |
2116 | summary buffer (@pxref{Summary Generation Commands}). | |
2117 | ||
2118 | @item M-SPACE | |
2119 | @kindex M-SPACE (Group) | |
2120 | @findex gnus-group-visible-select-group | |
2121 | This is yet one more command that does the same as the @kbd{RET} | |
2122 | command, but this one does it without expunging and hiding dormants | |
2123 | (@code{gnus-group-visible-select-group}). | |
2124 | ||
2125 | @item C-M-RET | |
2126 | @kindex C-M-RET (Group) | |
2127 | @findex gnus-group-select-group-ephemerally | |
2128 | Finally, this command selects the current group ephemerally without | |
2129 | doing any processing of its contents | |
2130 | (@code{gnus-group-select-group-ephemerally}). Even threading has been | |
2131 | turned off. Everything you do in the group after selecting it in this | |
2132 | manner will have no permanent effects. | |
2133 | ||
2134 | @end table | |
2135 | ||
2136 | @vindex gnus-large-newsgroup | |
2137 | The @code{gnus-large-newsgroup} variable says what Gnus should | |
2138 | consider to be a big group. If it is @code{nil}, no groups are | |
2139 | considered big. The default value is 200. If the group has more | |
2140 | (unread and/or ticked) articles than this, Gnus will query the user | |
2141 | before entering the group. The user can then specify how many | |
2142 | articles should be fetched from the server. If the user specifies a | |
2143 | negative number (@var{-n}), the @var{n} oldest articles will be | |
2144 | fetched. If it is positive, the @var{n} articles that have arrived | |
2145 | most recently will be fetched. | |
2146 | ||
2147 | @vindex gnus-large-ephemeral-newsgroup | |
2148 | @code{gnus-large-ephemeral-newsgroup} is the same as | |
2149 | @code{gnus-large-newsgroup}, but is only used for ephemeral | |
2150 | newsgroups. | |
2151 | ||
4b70e299 | 2152 | @vindex gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles |
4009494e GM |
2153 | In groups in some news servers, there might be a big gap between a few |
2154 | very old articles that will never be expired and the recent ones. In | |
2155 | such a case, the server will return the data like @code{(1 . 30000000)} | |
2156 | for the @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command, for example. Even if there | |
2157 | are actually only the articles 1-10 and 29999900-30000000, Gnus doesn't | |
2158 | know it at first and prepares for getting 30000000 articles. However, | |
2159 | it will consume hundreds megabytes of memories and might make Emacs get | |
2160 | stuck as the case may be. If you use such news servers, set the | |
4b70e299 MB |
2161 | variable @code{gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles} to a positive number. |
2162 | The value means that Gnus ignores articles other than this number of the | |
2163 | latest ones in every group. For instance, the value 10000 makes Gnus | |
2164 | get only the articles 29990001-30000000 (if the latest article number is | |
2165 | 30000000 in a group). Note that setting this variable to a number might | |
2166 | prevent you from reading very old articles. The default value of the | |
2167 | variable @code{gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles} is @code{nil}, which | |
2168 | means Gnus never ignores old articles. | |
4009494e GM |
2169 | |
2170 | @vindex gnus-select-group-hook | |
2171 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-first | |
2172 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-subject | |
2173 | If @code{gnus-auto-select-first} is non-@code{nil}, select an article | |
2174 | automatically when entering a group with the @kbd{SPACE} command. | |
867d4bb3 | 2175 | Which article this is controlled by the |
4009494e GM |
2176 | @code{gnus-auto-select-subject} variable. Valid values for this |
2177 | variable are: | |
2178 | ||
2179 | @table @code | |
2180 | ||
2181 | @item unread | |
2182 | Place point on the subject line of the first unread article. | |
2183 | ||
2184 | @item first | |
2185 | Place point on the subject line of the first article. | |
2186 | ||
2187 | @item unseen | |
2188 | Place point on the subject line of the first unseen article. | |
2189 | ||
2190 | @item unseen-or-unread | |
2191 | Place point on the subject line of the first unseen article, and if | |
2192 | there is no such article, place point on the subject line of the first | |
2193 | unread article. | |
2194 | ||
2195 | @item best | |
2196 | Place point on the subject line of the highest-scored unread article. | |
2197 | ||
2198 | @end table | |
2199 | ||
2200 | This variable can also be a function. In that case, that function | |
2201 | will be called to place point on a subject line. | |
2202 | ||
2203 | If you want to prevent automatic selection in some group (say, in a | |
2204 | binary group with Huge articles) you can set the | |
2205 | @code{gnus-auto-select-first} variable to @code{nil} in | |
2206 | @code{gnus-select-group-hook}, which is called when a group is | |
2207 | selected. | |
2208 | ||
2209 | ||
2210 | @node Subscription Commands | |
2211 | @section Subscription Commands | |
2212 | @cindex subscription | |
2213 | ||
2214 | @table @kbd | |
2215 | ||
2216 | @item S t | |
2217 | @itemx u | |
2218 | @kindex S t (Group) | |
2219 | @kindex u (Group) | |
2220 | @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group | |
2221 | @c @icon{gnus-group-unsubscribe} | |
2222 | Toggle subscription to the current group | |
2223 | (@code{gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group}). | |
2224 | ||
2225 | @item S s | |
2226 | @itemx U | |
2227 | @kindex S s (Group) | |
2228 | @kindex U (Group) | |
2229 | @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-group | |
2230 | Prompt for a group to subscribe, and then subscribe it. If it was | |
2231 | subscribed already, unsubscribe it instead | |
2232 | (@code{gnus-group-unsubscribe-group}). | |
2233 | ||
2234 | @item S k | |
2235 | @itemx C-k | |
2236 | @kindex S k (Group) | |
2237 | @kindex C-k (Group) | |
2238 | @findex gnus-group-kill-group | |
2239 | @c @icon{gnus-group-kill-group} | |
2240 | Kill the current group (@code{gnus-group-kill-group}). | |
2241 | ||
2242 | @item S y | |
2243 | @itemx C-y | |
2244 | @kindex S y (Group) | |
2245 | @kindex C-y (Group) | |
2246 | @findex gnus-group-yank-group | |
2247 | Yank the last killed group (@code{gnus-group-yank-group}). | |
2248 | ||
2249 | @item C-x C-t | |
2250 | @kindex C-x C-t (Group) | |
2251 | @findex gnus-group-transpose-groups | |
2252 | Transpose two groups (@code{gnus-group-transpose-groups}). This isn't | |
2253 | really a subscription command, but you can use it instead of a | |
2254 | kill-and-yank sequence sometimes. | |
2255 | ||
2256 | @item S w | |
2257 | @itemx C-w | |
2258 | @kindex S w (Group) | |
2259 | @kindex C-w (Group) | |
2260 | @findex gnus-group-kill-region | |
2261 | Kill all groups in the region (@code{gnus-group-kill-region}). | |
2262 | ||
2263 | @item S z | |
2264 | @kindex S z (Group) | |
2265 | @findex gnus-group-kill-all-zombies | |
2266 | Kill all zombie groups (@code{gnus-group-kill-all-zombies}). | |
2267 | ||
2268 | @item S C-k | |
2269 | @kindex S C-k (Group) | |
2270 | @findex gnus-group-kill-level | |
2271 | Kill all groups on a certain level (@code{gnus-group-kill-level}). | |
2272 | These groups can't be yanked back after killing, so this command should | |
2273 | be used with some caution. The only time where this command comes in | |
2274 | really handy is when you have a @file{.newsrc} with lots of unsubscribed | |
2275 | groups that you want to get rid off. @kbd{S C-k} on level 7 will | |
2276 | kill off all unsubscribed groups that do not have message numbers in the | |
2277 | @file{.newsrc} file. | |
2278 | ||
2279 | @end table | |
2280 | ||
2281 | Also @pxref{Group Levels}. | |
2282 | ||
2283 | ||
2284 | @node Group Data | |
2285 | @section Group Data | |
2286 | ||
2287 | @table @kbd | |
2288 | ||
2289 | @item c | |
2290 | @kindex c (Group) | |
2291 | @findex gnus-group-catchup-current | |
2292 | @vindex gnus-group-catchup-group-hook | |
2293 | @c @icon{gnus-group-catchup-current} | |
2294 | Mark all unticked articles in this group as read | |
2295 | (@code{gnus-group-catchup-current}). | |
2296 | @code{gnus-group-catchup-group-hook} is called when catching up a group from | |
2297 | the group buffer. | |
2298 | ||
2299 | @item C | |
2300 | @kindex C (Group) | |
2301 | @findex gnus-group-catchup-current-all | |
2302 | Mark all articles in this group, even the ticked ones, as read | |
2303 | (@code{gnus-group-catchup-current-all}). | |
2304 | ||
2305 | @item M-c | |
2306 | @kindex M-c (Group) | |
2307 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data | |
2308 | Clear the data from the current group---nix out marks and the list of | |
2309 | read articles (@code{gnus-group-clear-data}). | |
2310 | ||
2311 | @item M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2312 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2313 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2314 | If you have switched from one @acronym{NNTP} server to another, all your marks | |
2315 | and read ranges have become worthless. You can use this command to | |
2316 | clear out all data that you have on your native groups. Use with | |
2317 | caution. | |
2318 | ||
2319 | @end table | |
2320 | ||
2321 | ||
2322 | @node Group Levels | |
2323 | @section Group Levels | |
2324 | @cindex group level | |
2325 | @cindex level | |
2326 | ||
2327 | All groups have a level of @dfn{subscribedness}. For instance, if a | |
2328 | group is on level 2, it is more subscribed than a group on level 5. You | |
2329 | can ask Gnus to just list groups on a given level or lower | |
2330 | (@pxref{Listing Groups}), or to just check for new articles in groups on | |
2331 | a given level or lower (@pxref{Scanning New Messages}). | |
2332 | ||
2333 | Remember: The higher the level of the group, the less important it is. | |
2334 | ||
2335 | @table @kbd | |
2336 | ||
2337 | @item S l | |
2338 | @kindex S l (Group) | |
2339 | @findex gnus-group-set-current-level | |
2340 | Set the level of the current group. If a numeric prefix is given, the | |
2341 | next @var{n} groups will have their levels set. The user will be | |
2342 | prompted for a level. | |
2343 | @end table | |
2344 | ||
2345 | @vindex gnus-level-killed | |
2346 | @vindex gnus-level-zombie | |
2347 | @vindex gnus-level-unsubscribed | |
2348 | @vindex gnus-level-subscribed | |
2349 | Gnus considers groups from levels 1 to | |
2350 | @code{gnus-level-subscribed} (inclusive) (default 5) to be subscribed, | |
2351 | @code{gnus-level-subscribed} (exclusive) and | |
2352 | @code{gnus-level-unsubscribed} (inclusive) (default 7) to be | |
2353 | unsubscribed, @code{gnus-level-zombie} to be zombies (walking dead) | |
2354 | (default 8) and @code{gnus-level-killed} to be killed (completely dead) | |
2355 | (default 9). Gnus treats subscribed and unsubscribed groups exactly the | |
2356 | same, but zombie and killed groups have no information on what articles | |
2357 | you have read, etc, stored. This distinction between dead and living | |
2358 | groups isn't done because it is nice or clever, it is done purely for | |
2359 | reasons of efficiency. | |
2360 | ||
2361 | It is recommended that you keep all your mail groups (if any) on quite | |
2362 | low levels (e.g. 1 or 2). | |
2363 | ||
2364 | Maybe the following description of the default behavior of Gnus helps to | |
2365 | understand what these levels are all about. By default, Gnus shows you | |
2366 | subscribed nonempty groups, but by hitting @kbd{L} you can have it show | |
2367 | empty subscribed groups and unsubscribed groups, too. Type @kbd{l} to | |
2368 | go back to showing nonempty subscribed groups again. Thus, unsubscribed | |
2369 | groups are hidden, in a way. | |
2370 | ||
2371 | Zombie and killed groups are similar to unsubscribed groups in that they | |
2372 | are hidden by default. But they are different from subscribed and | |
2373 | unsubscribed groups in that Gnus doesn't ask the news server for | |
2374 | information (number of messages, number of unread messages) on zombie | |
2375 | and killed groups. Normally, you use @kbd{C-k} to kill the groups you | |
2376 | aren't interested in. If most groups are killed, Gnus is faster. | |
2377 | ||
2378 | Why does Gnus distinguish between zombie and killed groups? Well, when | |
2379 | a new group arrives on the server, Gnus by default makes it a zombie | |
2380 | group. This means that you are normally not bothered with new groups, | |
2381 | but you can type @kbd{A z} to get a list of all new groups. Subscribe | |
2382 | the ones you like and kill the ones you don't want. (@kbd{A k} shows a | |
2383 | list of killed groups.) | |
2384 | ||
2385 | If you want to play with the level variables, you should show some care. | |
2386 | Set them once, and don't touch them ever again. Better yet, don't touch | |
2387 | them at all unless you know exactly what you're doing. | |
2388 | ||
2389 | @vindex gnus-level-default-unsubscribed | |
2390 | @vindex gnus-level-default-subscribed | |
2391 | Two closely related variables are @code{gnus-level-default-subscribed} | |
2392 | (default 3) and @code{gnus-level-default-unsubscribed} (default 6), | |
2393 | which are the levels that new groups will be put on if they are | |
2394 | (un)subscribed. These two variables should, of course, be inside the | |
2395 | relevant valid ranges. | |
2396 | ||
2397 | @vindex gnus-keep-same-level | |
2398 | If @code{gnus-keep-same-level} is non-@code{nil}, some movement commands | |
2399 | will only move to groups of the same level (or lower). In | |
2400 | particular, going from the last article in one group to the next group | |
2401 | will go to the next group of the same level (or lower). This might be | |
2402 | handy if you want to read the most important groups before you read the | |
2403 | rest. | |
2404 | ||
2405 | If this variable is @code{best}, Gnus will make the next newsgroup the | |
2406 | one with the best level. | |
2407 | ||
2408 | @vindex gnus-group-default-list-level | |
2409 | All groups with a level less than or equal to | |
2410 | @code{gnus-group-default-list-level} will be listed in the group buffer | |
2411 | by default. | |
2412 | ||
2413 | @vindex gnus-group-list-inactive-groups | |
2414 | If @code{gnus-group-list-inactive-groups} is non-@code{nil}, non-active | |
2415 | groups will be listed along with the unread groups. This variable is | |
2416 | @code{t} by default. If it is @code{nil}, inactive groups won't be | |
2417 | listed. | |
2418 | ||
2419 | @vindex gnus-group-use-permanent-levels | |
2420 | If @code{gnus-group-use-permanent-levels} is non-@code{nil}, once you | |
2421 | give a level prefix to @kbd{g} or @kbd{l}, all subsequent commands will | |
2422 | use this level as the ``work'' level. | |
2423 | ||
2424 | @vindex gnus-activate-level | |
2425 | Gnus will normally just activate (i. e., query the server about) groups | |
2426 | on level @code{gnus-activate-level} or less. If you don't want to | |
2427 | activate unsubscribed groups, for instance, you might set this variable | |
2428 | to 5. The default is 6. | |
2429 | ||
2430 | ||
2431 | @node Group Score | |
2432 | @section Group Score | |
2433 | @cindex group score | |
2434 | @cindex group rank | |
2435 | @cindex rank | |
2436 | ||
2437 | You would normally keep important groups on high levels, but that scheme | |
2438 | is somewhat restrictive. Don't you wish you could have Gnus sort the | |
2439 | group buffer according to how often you read groups, perhaps? Within | |
2440 | reason? | |
2441 | ||
2442 | This is what @dfn{group score} is for. You can have Gnus assign a score | |
2443 | to each group through the mechanism described below. You can then sort | |
2444 | the group buffer based on this score. Alternatively, you can sort on | |
2445 | score and then level. (Taken together, the level and the score is | |
2446 | called the @dfn{rank} of the group. A group that is on level 4 and has | |
2447 | a score of 1 has a higher rank than a group on level 5 that has a score | |
2448 | of 300. (The level is the most significant part and the score is the | |
2449 | least significant part.)) | |
2450 | ||
2451 | @findex gnus-summary-bubble-group | |
2452 | If you want groups you read often to get higher scores than groups you | |
2453 | read seldom you can add the @code{gnus-summary-bubble-group} function to | |
2454 | the @code{gnus-summary-exit-hook} hook. This will result (after | |
2455 | sorting) in a bubbling sort of action. If you want to see that in | |
2456 | action after each summary exit, you can add | |
2457 | @code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank} or | |
2458 | @code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score} to the same hook, but that will | |
2459 | slow things down somewhat. | |
2460 | ||
2461 | ||
2462 | @node Marking Groups | |
2463 | @section Marking Groups | |
2464 | @cindex marking groups | |
2465 | ||
2466 | If you want to perform some command on several groups, and they appear | |
2467 | subsequently in the group buffer, you would normally just give a | |
2468 | numerical prefix to the command. Most group commands will then do your | |
2469 | bidding on those groups. | |
2470 | ||
2471 | However, if the groups are not in sequential order, you can still | |
2472 | perform a command on several groups. You simply mark the groups first | |
2473 | with the process mark and then execute the command. | |
2474 | ||
2475 | @table @kbd | |
2476 | ||
2477 | @item # | |
2478 | @kindex # (Group) | |
2479 | @itemx M m | |
2480 | @kindex M m (Group) | |
2481 | @findex gnus-group-mark-group | |
2482 | Set the mark on the current group (@code{gnus-group-mark-group}). | |
2483 | ||
2484 | @item M-# | |
2485 | @kindex M-# (Group) | |
2486 | @itemx M u | |
2487 | @kindex M u (Group) | |
2488 | @findex gnus-group-unmark-group | |
2489 | Remove the mark from the current group | |
2490 | (@code{gnus-group-unmark-group}). | |
2491 | ||
2492 | @item M U | |
2493 | @kindex M U (Group) | |
2494 | @findex gnus-group-unmark-all-groups | |
2495 | Remove the mark from all groups (@code{gnus-group-unmark-all-groups}). | |
2496 | ||
2497 | @item M w | |
2498 | @kindex M w (Group) | |
2499 | @findex gnus-group-mark-region | |
2500 | Mark all groups between point and mark (@code{gnus-group-mark-region}). | |
2501 | ||
2502 | @item M b | |
2503 | @kindex M b (Group) | |
2504 | @findex gnus-group-mark-buffer | |
2505 | Mark all groups in the buffer (@code{gnus-group-mark-buffer}). | |
2506 | ||
2507 | @item M r | |
2508 | @kindex M r (Group) | |
2509 | @findex gnus-group-mark-regexp | |
2510 | Mark all groups that match some regular expression | |
2511 | (@code{gnus-group-mark-regexp}). | |
2512 | @end table | |
2513 | ||
2514 | Also @pxref{Process/Prefix}. | |
2515 | ||
2516 | @findex gnus-group-universal-argument | |
2517 | If you want to execute some command on all groups that have been marked | |
2518 | with the process mark, you can use the @kbd{M-&} | |
2519 | (@code{gnus-group-universal-argument}) command. It will prompt you for | |
2520 | the command to be executed. | |
2521 | ||
2522 | ||
2523 | @node Foreign Groups | |
2524 | @section Foreign Groups | |
2525 | @cindex foreign groups | |
2526 | ||
2527 | Below are some group mode commands for making and editing general foreign | |
2528 | groups, as well as commands to ease the creation of a few | |
2529 | special-purpose groups. All these commands insert the newly created | |
2530 | groups under point---@code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method} is not | |
2531 | consulted. | |
2532 | ||
2533 | Changes from the group editing commands are stored in | |
2534 | @file{~/.newsrc.eld} (@code{gnus-startup-file}). An alternative is the | |
2535 | variable @code{gnus-parameters}, @xref{Group Parameters}. | |
2536 | ||
2537 | @table @kbd | |
2538 | ||
2539 | @item G m | |
2540 | @kindex G m (Group) | |
2541 | @findex gnus-group-make-group | |
2542 | @cindex making groups | |
2543 | Make a new group (@code{gnus-group-make-group}). Gnus will prompt you | |
2544 | for a name, a method and possibly an @dfn{address}. For an easier way | |
2545 | to subscribe to @acronym{NNTP} groups (@pxref{Browse Foreign Server}). | |
2546 | ||
2547 | @item G M | |
2548 | @kindex G M (Group) | |
2549 | @findex gnus-group-read-ephemeral-group | |
2550 | Make an ephemeral group (@code{gnus-group-read-ephemeral-group}). Gnus | |
2551 | will prompt you for a name, a method and an @dfn{address}. | |
2552 | ||
2553 | @item G r | |
2554 | @kindex G r (Group) | |
2555 | @findex gnus-group-rename-group | |
2556 | @cindex renaming groups | |
2557 | Rename the current group to something else | |
2558 | (@code{gnus-group-rename-group}). This is valid only on some | |
2559 | groups---mail groups mostly. This command might very well be quite slow | |
2560 | on some back ends. | |
2561 | ||
2562 | @item G c | |
2563 | @kindex G c (Group) | |
2564 | @cindex customizing | |
2565 | @findex gnus-group-customize | |
2566 | Customize the group parameters (@code{gnus-group-customize}). | |
2567 | ||
2568 | @item G e | |
2569 | @kindex G e (Group) | |
2570 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group-method | |
2571 | @cindex renaming groups | |
2572 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the select method of the current | |
2573 | group (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-method}). | |
2574 | ||
2575 | @item G p | |
2576 | @kindex G p (Group) | |
2577 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group-parameters | |
2578 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the group parameters | |
2579 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-parameters}). | |
2580 | ||
2581 | @item G E | |
2582 | @kindex G E (Group) | |
2583 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group | |
2584 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the group info | |
2585 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group}). | |
2586 | ||
2587 | @item G d | |
2588 | @kindex G d (Group) | |
2589 | @findex gnus-group-make-directory-group | |
2590 | @cindex nndir | |
2591 | Make a directory group (@pxref{Directory Groups}). You will be prompted | |
2592 | for a directory name (@code{gnus-group-make-directory-group}). | |
2593 | ||
2594 | @item G h | |
2595 | @kindex G h (Group) | |
2596 | @cindex help group | |
2597 | @findex gnus-group-make-help-group | |
2598 | Make the Gnus help group (@code{gnus-group-make-help-group}). | |
2599 | ||
4009494e GM |
2600 | @item G D |
2601 | @kindex G D (Group) | |
2602 | @findex gnus-group-enter-directory | |
2603 | @cindex nneething | |
2604 | Read an arbitrary directory as if it were a newsgroup with the | |
2605 | @code{nneething} back end (@code{gnus-group-enter-directory}). | |
2606 | @xref{Anything Groups}. | |
2607 | ||
2608 | @item G f | |
2609 | @kindex G f (Group) | |
2610 | @findex gnus-group-make-doc-group | |
2611 | @cindex ClariNet Briefs | |
2612 | @cindex nndoc | |
2613 | Make a group based on some file or other | |
2614 | (@code{gnus-group-make-doc-group}). If you give a prefix to this | |
2615 | command, you will be prompted for a file name and a file type. | |
2616 | Currently supported types are @code{mbox}, @code{babyl}, | |
2617 | @code{digest}, @code{news}, @code{rnews}, @code{mmdf}, @code{forward}, | |
2618 | @code{rfc934}, @code{rfc822-forward}, @code{mime-parts}, | |
2619 | @code{standard-digest}, @code{slack-digest}, @code{clari-briefs}, | |
2620 | @code{nsmail}, @code{outlook}, @code{oe-dbx}, and @code{mailman}. If | |
2621 | you run this command without a prefix, Gnus will guess at the file | |
2622 | type. @xref{Document Groups}. | |
2623 | ||
2624 | @item G u | |
2625 | @kindex G u (Group) | |
2626 | @vindex gnus-useful-groups | |
2627 | @findex gnus-group-make-useful-group | |
2628 | Create one of the groups mentioned in @code{gnus-useful-groups} | |
2629 | (@code{gnus-group-make-useful-group}). | |
2630 | ||
2631 | @item G w | |
2632 | @kindex G w (Group) | |
2633 | @findex gnus-group-make-web-group | |
2634 | @cindex Google | |
2635 | @cindex nnweb | |
2636 | @cindex gmane | |
2637 | Make an ephemeral group based on a web search | |
2638 | (@code{gnus-group-make-web-group}). If you give a prefix to this | |
2639 | command, make a solid group instead. You will be prompted for the | |
2640 | search engine type and the search string. Valid search engine types | |
2641 | include @code{google}, @code{dejanews}, and @code{gmane}. | |
2642 | @xref{Web Searches}. | |
2643 | ||
2644 | If you use the @code{google} search engine, you can limit the search | |
2645 | to a particular group by using a match string like | |
2646 | @samp{shaving group:alt.sysadmin.recovery}. | |
2647 | ||
2648 | @item G R | |
2649 | @kindex G R (Group) | |
2650 | @findex gnus-group-make-rss-group | |
2651 | Make a group based on an @acronym{RSS} feed | |
2652 | (@code{gnus-group-make-rss-group}). You will be prompted for an URL. | |
2653 | @xref{RSS}. | |
2654 | ||
2655 | @item G DEL | |
2656 | @kindex G DEL (Group) | |
2657 | @findex gnus-group-delete-group | |
2658 | This function will delete the current group | |
2659 | (@code{gnus-group-delete-group}). If given a prefix, this function will | |
2660 | actually delete all the articles in the group, and forcibly remove the | |
2661 | group itself from the face of the Earth. Use a prefix only if you are | |
2662 | absolutely sure of what you are doing. This command can't be used on | |
2663 | read-only groups (like @code{nntp} groups), though. | |
2664 | ||
2665 | @item G V | |
2666 | @kindex G V (Group) | |
2667 | @findex gnus-group-make-empty-virtual | |
2668 | Make a new, fresh, empty @code{nnvirtual} group | |
2669 | (@code{gnus-group-make-empty-virtual}). @xref{Virtual Groups}. | |
2670 | ||
2671 | @item G v | |
2672 | @kindex G v (Group) | |
2673 | @findex gnus-group-add-to-virtual | |
2674 | Add the current group to an @code{nnvirtual} group | |
2675 | (@code{gnus-group-add-to-virtual}). Uses the process/prefix convention. | |
2676 | @end table | |
2677 | ||
2678 | @xref{Select Methods}, for more information on the various select | |
2679 | methods. | |
2680 | ||
2681 | @vindex gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups | |
2682 | If @code{gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups} is a positive number, | |
2683 | Gnus will check all foreign groups with this level or lower at startup. | |
2684 | This might take quite a while, especially if you subscribe to lots of | |
2685 | groups from different @acronym{NNTP} servers. Also @pxref{Group Levels}; | |
2686 | @code{gnus-activate-level} also affects activation of foreign | |
2687 | newsgroups. | |
2688 | ||
2689 | ||
9b3ebcb6 MB |
2690 | The following commands create ephemeral groups. They can be called not |
2691 | only from the Group buffer, but in any Gnus buffer. | |
2692 | ||
2693 | @table @code | |
2694 | @item gnus-read-ephemeral-gmane-group | |
2695 | @findex gnus-read-ephemeral-gmane-group | |
2696 | @vindex gnus-gmane-group-download-format | |
2697 | Read an ephemeral group on Gmane.org. The articles are downloaded via | |
2698 | HTTP using the URL specified by @code{gnus-gmane-group-download-format}. | |
2699 | Gnus will prompt you for a group name, the start article number and an | |
2700 | the article range. | |
2701 | ||
2702 | @item gnus-read-ephemeral-gmane-group-url | |
2703 | @findex gnus-read-ephemeral-gmane-group-url | |
2704 | This command is similar to @code{gnus-read-ephemeral-gmane-group}, but | |
2705 | the group name and the article number and range are constructed from a | |
2706 | given @acronym{URL}. Supported @acronym{URL} formats include e.g. | |
2707 | @url{http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.foo.bar/12300/focus=12399}, | |
2708 | @url{http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.foo.bar/12345/}, | |
2709 | @url{http://article.gmane.org/gmane.foo.bar/12345/}, | |
2710 | @url{http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.foo.bar/12345/}, and | |
2711 | @url{http://news.gmane.org/group/gmane.foo.bar/thread=12345}. | |
2712 | ||
2713 | @item gnus-read-ephemeral-emacs-bug-group | |
2714 | @findex gnus-read-ephemeral-emacs-bug-group | |
2715 | Read an Emacs bug report in an ephemeral group. Gnus will prompt for a | |
2716 | bug number. The default is the number at point. The @acronym{URL} is | |
2717 | specified in @code{gnus-bug-group-download-format-alist}. | |
2718 | ||
2719 | @item gnus-read-ephemeral-debian-bug-group | |
2720 | @findex gnus-read-ephemeral-debian-bug-group | |
2721 | Read a Debian bug report in an ephemeral group. Analog to | |
2722 | @code{gnus-read-ephemeral-emacs-bug-group}. | |
2723 | @end table | |
2724 | ||
2725 | Some of these command are also useful for article buttons, @xref{Article | |
2726 | Buttons}. | |
2727 | ||
2728 | Here is an example: | |
2729 | @lisp | |
2730 | (require 'gnus-art) | |
2731 | (add-to-list | |
2732 | 'gnus-button-alist | |
2733 | '("#\\([0-9]+\\)\\>" 1 | |
2734 | (string-match "\\<emacs\\>" (or gnus-newsgroup-name "")) | |
2735 | gnus-read-ephemeral-emacs-bug-group 1)) | |
2736 | @end lisp | |
2737 | ||
2738 | ||
4009494e GM |
2739 | @node Group Parameters |
2740 | @section Group Parameters | |
2741 | @cindex group parameters | |
2742 | ||
2743 | The group parameters store information local to a particular group. | |
87035689 MB |
2744 | |
2745 | Use the @kbd{G p} or the @kbd{G c} command to edit group parameters of a | |
2746 | group. (@kbd{G p} presents you with a Lisp-based interface, @kbd{G c} | |
2747 | presents you with a Customize-like interface. The latter helps avoid | |
2748 | silly Lisp errors.) You might also be interested in reading about topic | |
2749 | parameters (@pxref{Topic Parameters}). | |
2750 | Additionally, you can set group parameters via the | |
2751 | @code{gnus-parameters} variable, see below. | |
2752 | ||
4009494e GM |
2753 | Here's an example group parameter list: |
2754 | ||
2755 | @example | |
2756 | ((to-address . "ding@@gnus.org") | |
2757 | (auto-expire . t)) | |
2758 | @end example | |
2759 | ||
2760 | We see that each element consists of a ``dotted pair''---the thing before | |
2761 | the dot is the key, while the thing after the dot is the value. All the | |
2762 | parameters have this form @emph{except} local variable specs, which are | |
2763 | not dotted pairs, but proper lists. | |
2764 | ||
2765 | Some parameters have correspondent customizable variables, each of which | |
2766 | is an alist of regexps and values. | |
2767 | ||
2768 | The following group parameters can be used: | |
2769 | ||
2770 | @table @code | |
2771 | @item to-address | |
2772 | @cindex to-address | |
2773 | Address used by when doing followups and new posts. | |
2774 | ||
2775 | @example | |
2776 | (to-address . "some@@where.com") | |
2777 | @end example | |
2778 | ||
2779 | This is primarily useful in mail groups that represent closed mailing | |
2780 | lists---mailing lists where it's expected that everybody that writes to | |
2781 | the mailing list is subscribed to it. Since using this parameter | |
2782 | ensures that the mail only goes to the mailing list itself, it means | |
2783 | that members won't receive two copies of your followups. | |
2784 | ||
2785 | Using @code{to-address} will actually work whether the group is foreign | |
2786 | or not. Let's say there's a group on the server that is called | |
2787 | @samp{fa.4ad-l}. This is a real newsgroup, but the server has gotten | |
2788 | the articles from a mail-to-news gateway. Posting directly to this | |
2789 | group is therefore impossible---you have to send mail to the mailing | |
2790 | list address instead. | |
2791 | ||
2792 | See also @code{gnus-parameter-to-address-alist}. | |
2793 | ||
2794 | @item to-list | |
2795 | @cindex to-list | |
2796 | Address used when doing @kbd{a} in that group. | |
2797 | ||
2798 | @example | |
2799 | (to-list . "some@@where.com") | |
2800 | @end example | |
2801 | ||
2802 | It is totally ignored | |
2803 | when doing a followup---except that if it is present in a news group, | |
2804 | you'll get mail group semantics when doing @kbd{f}. | |
2805 | ||
2806 | If you do an @kbd{a} command in a mail group and you have neither a | |
2807 | @code{to-list} group parameter nor a @code{to-address} group parameter, | |
2808 | then a @code{to-list} group parameter will be added automatically upon | |
2809 | sending the message if @code{gnus-add-to-list} is set to @code{t}. | |
2810 | @vindex gnus-add-to-list | |
2811 | ||
2812 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-mode | |
2813 | @cindex mail list groups | |
2814 | If this variable is set, @code{gnus-mailing-list-mode} is turned on when | |
2815 | entering summary buffer. | |
2816 | ||
2817 | See also @code{gnus-parameter-to-list-alist}. | |
2818 | ||
2819 | @anchor{subscribed} | |
2820 | @item subscribed | |
2821 | @cindex subscribed | |
2822 | @cindex Mail-Followup-To | |
2823 | @findex gnus-find-subscribed-addresses | |
2824 | If this parameter is set to @code{t}, Gnus will consider the | |
2825 | to-address and to-list parameters for this group as addresses of | |
2826 | mailing lists you are subscribed to. Giving Gnus this information is | |
2827 | (only) a first step in getting it to generate correct Mail-Followup-To | |
2828 | headers for your posts to these lists. The second step is to put the | |
2829 | following in your @file{.gnus.el} | |
2830 | ||
2831 | @lisp | |
2832 | (setq message-subscribed-address-functions | |
2833 | '(gnus-find-subscribed-addresses)) | |
2834 | @end lisp | |
2835 | ||
2836 | @xref{Mailing Lists, ,Mailing Lists, message, The Message Manual}, for | |
2837 | a complete treatment of available MFT support. | |
2838 | ||
2839 | @item visible | |
2840 | @cindex visible | |
2841 | If the group parameter list has the element @code{(visible . t)}, | |
2842 | that group will always be visible in the Group buffer, regardless | |
2843 | of whether it has any unread articles. | |
2844 | ||
2845 | This parameter cannot be set via @code{gnus-parameters}. See | |
2846 | @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} as an alternative. | |
2847 | ||
2848 | @item broken-reply-to | |
2849 | @cindex broken-reply-to | |
2850 | Elements like @code{(broken-reply-to . t)} signals that @code{Reply-To} | |
2851 | headers in this group are to be ignored, and for the header to be hidden | |
2852 | if @code{reply-to} is part of @code{gnus-boring-article-headers}. This | |
2853 | can be useful if you're reading a mailing list group where the listserv | |
2854 | has inserted @code{Reply-To} headers that point back to the listserv | |
2855 | itself. That is broken behavior. So there! | |
2856 | ||
2857 | @item to-group | |
2858 | @cindex to-group | |
2859 | Elements like @code{(to-group . "some.group.name")} means that all | |
2860 | posts in that group will be sent to @code{some.group.name}. | |
2861 | ||
2862 | @item newsgroup | |
2863 | @cindex newsgroup | |
2864 | If you have @code{(newsgroup . t)} in the group parameter list, Gnus | |
2865 | will treat all responses as if they were responses to news articles. | |
2866 | This can be useful if you have a mail group that's really a mirror of a | |
2867 | news group. | |
2868 | ||
2869 | @item gcc-self | |
2870 | @cindex gcc-self | |
2871 | If @code{(gcc-self . t)} is present in the group parameter list, newly | |
2872 | composed messages will be @code{Gcc}'d to the current group. If | |
2873 | @code{(gcc-self . none)} is present, no @code{Gcc:} header will be | |
2874 | generated, if @code{(gcc-self . "string")} is present, this string will | |
2875 | be inserted literally as a @code{gcc} header. This parameter takes | |
2876 | precedence over any default @code{Gcc} rules as described later | |
2877 | (@pxref{Archived Messages}). | |
2878 | ||
2879 | @strong{Caveat}: Adding @code{(gcc-self . t)} to the parameter list of | |
2880 | @code{nntp} groups (or the like) isn't valid. An @code{nntp} server | |
2881 | doesn't accept articles. | |
2882 | ||
2883 | @item auto-expire | |
2884 | @cindex auto-expire | |
2885 | @cindex expiring mail | |
2886 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like @code{(auto-expire | |
2887 | . t)}, all articles read will be marked as expirable. For an | |
2888 | alternative approach, @pxref{Expiring Mail}. | |
2889 | ||
2890 | See also @code{gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups}. | |
2891 | ||
2892 | @item total-expire | |
2893 | @cindex total-expire | |
2894 | @cindex expiring mail | |
2895 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like | |
2896 | @code{(total-expire . t)}, all read articles will be put through the | |
2897 | expiry process, even if they are not marked as expirable. Use with | |
2898 | caution. Unread, ticked and dormant articles are not eligible for | |
2899 | expiry. | |
2900 | ||
2901 | See also @code{gnus-total-expirable-newsgroups}. | |
2902 | ||
2903 | @item expiry-wait | |
2904 | @cindex expiry-wait | |
2905 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-wait-function | |
2906 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like | |
2907 | @code{(expiry-wait . 10)}, this value will override any | |
2908 | @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} and @code{nnmail-expiry-wait-function} | |
2909 | (@pxref{Expiring Mail}) when expiring expirable messages. The value | |
2910 | can either be a number of days (not necessarily an integer) or the | |
2911 | symbols @code{never} or @code{immediate}. | |
2912 | ||
2913 | @item expiry-target | |
2914 | @cindex expiry-target | |
2915 | Where expired messages end up. This parameter overrides | |
2916 | @code{nnmail-expiry-target}. | |
2917 | ||
2918 | @item score-file | |
2919 | @cindex score file group parameter | |
2920 | Elements that look like @code{(score-file . "file")} will make | |
2921 | @file{file} into the current score file for the group in question. All | |
2922 | interactive score entries will be put into this file. | |
2923 | ||
2924 | @item adapt-file | |
2925 | @cindex adapt file group parameter | |
2926 | Elements that look like @code{(adapt-file . "file")} will make | |
2927 | @file{file} into the current adaptive file for the group in question. | |
2928 | All adaptive score entries will be put into this file. | |
2929 | ||
2930 | @item admin-address | |
2931 | @cindex admin-address | |
2932 | When unsubscribing from a mailing list you should never send the | |
2933 | unsubscription notice to the mailing list itself. Instead, you'd send | |
2934 | messages to the administrative address. This parameter allows you to | |
2935 | put the admin address somewhere convenient. | |
2936 | ||
2937 | @item display | |
2938 | @cindex display | |
2939 | Elements that look like @code{(display . MODE)} say which articles to | |
2940 | display on entering the group. Valid values are: | |
2941 | ||
2942 | @table @code | |
2943 | @item all | |
2944 | Display all articles, both read and unread. | |
2945 | ||
2946 | @item an integer | |
2947 | Display the last @var{integer} articles in the group. This is the same as | |
2948 | entering the group with @kbd{C-u @var{integer}}. | |
2949 | ||
2950 | @item default | |
2951 | Display the default visible articles, which normally includes unread and | |
2952 | ticked articles. | |
2953 | ||
2954 | @item an array | |
2955 | Display articles that satisfy a predicate. | |
2956 | ||
2957 | Here are some examples: | |
2958 | ||
2959 | @table @code | |
2960 | @item [unread] | |
2961 | Display only unread articles. | |
2962 | ||
2963 | @item [not expire] | |
2964 | Display everything except expirable articles. | |
2965 | ||
2966 | @item [and (not reply) (not expire)] | |
2967 | Display everything except expirable and articles you've already | |
2968 | responded to. | |
2969 | @end table | |
2970 | ||
2971 | The available operators are @code{not}, @code{and} and @code{or}. | |
2972 | Predicates include @code{tick}, @code{unsend}, @code{undownload}, | |
2973 | @code{unread}, @code{dormant}, @code{expire}, @code{reply}, | |
2974 | @code{killed}, @code{bookmark}, @code{score}, @code{save}, | |
2975 | @code{cache}, @code{forward}, @code{unseen} and @code{recent}. | |
2976 | ||
2977 | @end table | |
2978 | ||
2979 | The @code{display} parameter works by limiting the summary buffer to | |
2980 | the subset specified. You can pop the limit by using the @kbd{/ w} | |
2981 | command (@pxref{Limiting}). | |
2982 | ||
2983 | @item comment | |
2984 | @cindex comment | |
2985 | Elements that look like @code{(comment . "This is a comment")} are | |
2986 | arbitrary comments on the group. You can display comments in the | |
2987 | group line (@pxref{Group Line Specification}). | |
2988 | ||
2989 | @item charset | |
2990 | @cindex charset | |
2991 | Elements that look like @code{(charset . iso-8859-1)} will make | |
2992 | @code{iso-8859-1} the default charset; that is, the charset that will be | |
2993 | used for all articles that do not specify a charset. | |
2994 | ||
2995 | See also @code{gnus-group-charset-alist}. | |
2996 | ||
2997 | @item ignored-charsets | |
2998 | @cindex ignored-charset | |
2999 | Elements that look like @code{(ignored-charsets x-unknown iso-8859-1)} | |
3000 | will make @code{iso-8859-1} and @code{x-unknown} ignored; that is, the | |
3001 | default charset will be used for decoding articles. | |
3002 | ||
3003 | See also @code{gnus-group-ignored-charsets-alist}. | |
3004 | ||
3005 | @item posting-style | |
3006 | @cindex posting-style | |
3007 | You can store additional posting style information for this group | |
3008 | here (@pxref{Posting Styles}). The format is that of an entry in the | |
3009 | @code{gnus-posting-styles} alist, except that there's no regexp matching | |
3010 | the group name (of course). Style elements in this group parameter will | |
3011 | take precedence over the ones found in @code{gnus-posting-styles}. | |
3012 | ||
3013 | For instance, if you want a funky name and signature in this group only, | |
3014 | instead of hacking @code{gnus-posting-styles}, you could put something | |
3015 | like this in the group parameters: | |
3016 | ||
3017 | @example | |
3018 | (posting-style | |
3019 | (name "Funky Name") | |
3020 | ("X-My-Header" "Funky Value") | |
3021 | (signature "Funky Signature")) | |
3022 | @end example | |
3023 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
3024 | If you're using topics to organize your group buffer |
3025 | (@pxref{Group Topics}), note that posting styles can also be set in | |
3026 | the topics parameters. Posting styles in topic parameters apply to all | |
3027 | groups in this topic. More precisely, the posting-style settings for a | |
3028 | group result from the hierarchical merging of all posting-style | |
3029 | entries in the parameters of this group and all the topics it belongs | |
3030 | to. | |
3031 | ||
3032 | ||
4009494e GM |
3033 | @item post-method |
3034 | @cindex post-method | |
3035 | If it is set, the value is used as the method for posting message | |
3036 | instead of @code{gnus-post-method}. | |
3037 | ||
a1da1e37 MB |
3038 | @item mail-source |
3039 | @cindex mail-source | |
3040 | If it is set, and the setting of @code{mail-sources} includes a | |
3041 | @code{group} mail source (@pxref{Mail Sources}), the value is a | |
3042 | mail source for this group. | |
3043 | ||
4009494e GM |
3044 | @item banner |
3045 | @cindex banner | |
3046 | An item like @code{(banner . @var{regexp})} causes any part of an article | |
3047 | that matches the regular expression @var{regexp} to be stripped. Instead of | |
3048 | @var{regexp}, you can also use the symbol @code{signature} which strips the | |
3049 | last signature or any of the elements of the alist | |
3050 | @code{gnus-article-banner-alist}. | |
3051 | ||
3052 | @item sieve | |
3053 | @cindex sieve | |
3054 | This parameter contains a Sieve test that should match incoming mail | |
3055 | that should be placed in this group. From this group parameter, a | |
3056 | Sieve @samp{IF} control structure is generated, having the test as the | |
3057 | condition and @samp{fileinto "group.name";} as the body. | |
3058 | ||
3059 | For example, if the @samp{INBOX.list.sieve} group has the @code{(sieve | |
3060 | address "sender" "sieve-admin@@extundo.com")} group parameter, when | |
3061 | translating the group parameter into a Sieve script (@pxref{Sieve | |
3062 | Commands}) the following Sieve code is generated: | |
3063 | ||
3064 | @example | |
01c52d31 MB |
3065 | if address "sender" "sieve-admin@@extundo.com" @{ |
3066 | fileinto "INBOX.list.sieve"; | |
3067 | @} | |
3068 | @end example | |
3069 | ||
3070 | To generate tests for multiple email-addresses use a group parameter | |
3071 | like @code{(sieve address "sender" ("name@@one.org" else@@two.org"))}. | |
3072 | When generating a sieve script (@pxref{Sieve Commands}) Sieve code | |
3073 | like the following is generated: | |
3074 | ||
3075 | @example | |
3076 | if address "sender" ["name@@one.org", "else@@two.org"] @{ | |
3077 | fileinto "INBOX.list.sieve"; | |
4009494e GM |
3078 | @} |
3079 | @end example | |
3080 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
3081 | See @pxref{Sieve Commands} for commands and variables that might be of |
3082 | interest in relation to the sieve parameter. | |
3083 | ||
4009494e GM |
3084 | The Sieve language is described in RFC 3028. @xref{Top, Emacs Sieve, |
3085 | Top, sieve, Emacs Sieve}. | |
3086 | ||
3087 | @item (agent parameters) | |
3088 | If the agent has been enabled, you can set any of the its parameters | |
3089 | to control the behavior of the agent in individual groups. See Agent | |
3090 | Parameters in @ref{Category Syntax}. Most users will choose to set | |
3091 | agent parameters in either an agent category or group topic to | |
3092 | minimize the configuration effort. | |
3093 | ||
3094 | @item (@var{variable} @var{form}) | |
3095 | You can use the group parameters to set variables local to the group you | |
3096 | are entering. If you want to turn threading off in @samp{news.answers}, | |
3097 | you could put @code{(gnus-show-threads nil)} in the group parameters of | |
3098 | that group. @code{gnus-show-threads} will be made into a local variable | |
3099 | in the summary buffer you enter, and the form @code{nil} will be | |
3100 | @code{eval}ed there. | |
3101 | ||
e3e955fe MB |
3102 | Note that this feature sets the variable locally to the summary buffer |
3103 | if and only if @var{variable} has been bound as a variable. Otherwise, | |
3104 | only evaluating the form will take place. So, you may want to bind the | |
3105 | variable in advance using @code{defvar} or other if the result of the | |
3106 | form needs to be set to it. | |
3107 | ||
4009494e GM |
3108 | But some variables are evaluated in the article buffer, or in the |
3109 | message buffer (of a reply or followup or otherwise newly created | |
3110 | message). As a workaround, it might help to add the variable in | |
3111 | question to @code{gnus-newsgroup-variables}. @xref{Various Summary | |
3112 | Stuff}. So if you want to set @code{message-from-style} via the group | |
3113 | parameters, then you may need the following statement elsewhere in your | |
e6d2d263 | 3114 | @file{~/.gnus.el} file: |
4009494e GM |
3115 | |
3116 | @lisp | |
3117 | (add-to-list 'gnus-newsgroup-variables 'message-from-style) | |
3118 | @end lisp | |
3119 | ||
3120 | @vindex gnus-list-identifiers | |
3121 | A use for this feature is to remove a mailing list identifier tag in | |
3122 | the subject fields of articles. E.g. if the news group | |
3123 | ||
3124 | @example | |
3125 | nntp+news.gnus.org:gmane.text.docbook.apps | |
3126 | @end example | |
3127 | ||
3128 | has the tag @samp{DOC-BOOK-APPS:} in the subject of all articles, this | |
3129 | tag can be removed from the article subjects in the summary buffer for | |
3130 | the group by putting @code{(gnus-list-identifiers "DOCBOOK-APPS:")} | |
3131 | into the group parameters for the group. | |
3132 | ||
3133 | This can also be used as a group-specific hook function. If you want to | |
3134 | hear a beep when you enter a group, you could put something like | |
e3e955fe MB |
3135 | @code{(dummy-variable (ding))} in the parameters of that group. If |
3136 | @code{dummy-variable} has been bound (see above), it will be set to the | |
3137 | (meaningless) result of the @code{(ding)} form. | |
4009494e GM |
3138 | |
3139 | Alternatively, since the VARIABLE becomes local to the group, this | |
3140 | pattern can be used to temporarily change a hook. For example, if the | |
3141 | following is added to a group parameter | |
3142 | ||
3143 | @lisp | |
3144 | (gnus-summary-prepared-hook | |
3145 | '(lambda nil (local-set-key "d" (local-key-binding "n")))) | |
3146 | @end lisp | |
3147 | ||
3148 | when the group is entered, the 'd' key will not mark the article as | |
3149 | expired. | |
3150 | ||
3151 | @end table | |
3152 | ||
4009494e GM |
3153 | @vindex gnus-parameters |
3154 | Group parameters can be set via the @code{gnus-parameters} variable too. | |
3155 | But some variables, such as @code{visible}, have no effect (For this | |
3156 | case see @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} as an alternative.). | |
3157 | For example: | |
3158 | ||
3159 | @lisp | |
3160 | (setq gnus-parameters | |
3161 | '(("mail\\..*" | |
3162 | (gnus-show-threads nil) | |
3163 | (gnus-use-scoring nil) | |
3164 | (gnus-summary-line-format | |
3165 | "%U%R%z%I%(%[%d:%ub%-23,23f%]%) %s\n") | |
3166 | (gcc-self . t) | |
3167 | (display . all)) | |
3168 | ||
3169 | ("^nnimap:\\(foo.bar\\)$" | |
3170 | (to-group . "\\1")) | |
3171 | ||
3172 | ("mail\\.me" | |
3173 | (gnus-use-scoring t)) | |
3174 | ||
3175 | ("list\\..*" | |
3176 | (total-expire . t) | |
3177 | (broken-reply-to . t)))) | |
3178 | @end lisp | |
3179 | ||
3180 | String value of parameters will be subjected to regexp substitution, as | |
3181 | the @code{to-group} example shows. | |
3182 | ||
3183 | @vindex gnus-parameters-case-fold-search | |
3184 | By default, whether comparing the group name and one of those regexps | |
3185 | specified in @code{gnus-parameters} is done in a case-sensitive manner | |
3186 | or a case-insensitive manner depends on the value of | |
3187 | @code{case-fold-search} at the time when the comparison is done. The | |
3188 | value of @code{case-fold-search} is typically @code{t}; it means, for | |
3189 | example, the element @code{("INBOX\\.FOO" (total-expire . t))} might be | |
3190 | applied to both the @samp{INBOX.FOO} group and the @samp{INBOX.foo} | |
3191 | group. If you want to make those regexps always case-sensitive, set the | |
3192 | value of the @code{gnus-parameters-case-fold-search} variable to | |
3193 | @code{nil}. Otherwise, set it to @code{t} if you want to compare them | |
3194 | always in a case-insensitive manner. | |
3195 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
3196 | You can define different sorting to different groups via |
3197 | @code{gnus-parameters}. Here is an example to sort an @acronym{NNTP} | |
3198 | group by reverse date to see the latest news at the top and an | |
3199 | @acronym{RSS} group by subject. In this example, the first group is the | |
3200 | Debian daily news group @code{gmane.linux.debian.user.news} from | |
3201 | news.gmane.org. The @acronym{RSS} group corresponds to the Debian | |
3202 | weekly news RSS feed | |
3203 | @url{http://packages.debian.org/unstable/newpkg_main.en.rdf}, | |
3204 | @xref{RSS}. | |
3205 | ||
3206 | @lisp | |
3207 | (setq | |
3208 | gnus-parameters | |
3209 | '(("nntp.*gmane\\.debian\\.user\\.news" | |
3210 | (gnus-show-threads nil) | |
3211 | (gnus-article-sort-functions '((not gnus-article-sort-by-date))) | |
3212 | (gnus-use-adaptive-scoring nil) | |
3213 | (gnus-use-scoring nil)) | |
3214 | ("nnrss.*debian" | |
3215 | (gnus-show-threads nil) | |
3216 | (gnus-article-sort-functions 'gnus-article-sort-by-subject) | |
3217 | (gnus-use-adaptive-scoring nil) | |
3218 | (gnus-use-scoring t) | |
3219 | (gnus-score-find-score-files-function 'gnus-score-find-single) | |
3220 | (gnus-summary-line-format "%U%R%z%d %I%(%[ %s %]%)\n")))) | |
3221 | @end lisp | |
3222 | ||
4009494e GM |
3223 | |
3224 | @node Listing Groups | |
3225 | @section Listing Groups | |
3226 | @cindex group listing | |
3227 | ||
3228 | These commands all list various slices of the groups available. | |
3229 | ||
3230 | @table @kbd | |
3231 | ||
3232 | @item l | |
3233 | @itemx A s | |
3234 | @kindex A s (Group) | |
3235 | @kindex l (Group) | |
3236 | @findex gnus-group-list-groups | |
3237 | List all groups that have unread articles | |
3238 | (@code{gnus-group-list-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, this | |
3239 | command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, it | |
3240 | only lists groups of level five (i.e., | |
3241 | @code{gnus-group-default-list-level}) or lower (i.e., just subscribed | |
3242 | groups). | |
3243 | ||
3244 | @item L | |
3245 | @itemx A u | |
3246 | @kindex A u (Group) | |
3247 | @kindex L (Group) | |
3248 | @findex gnus-group-list-all-groups | |
3249 | List all groups, whether they have unread articles or not | |
3250 | (@code{gnus-group-list-all-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, | |
3251 | this command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, | |
3252 | it lists groups of level seven or lower (i.e., just subscribed and | |
3253 | unsubscribed groups). | |
3254 | ||
3255 | @item A l | |
3256 | @kindex A l (Group) | |
3257 | @findex gnus-group-list-level | |
3258 | List all unread groups on a specific level | |
3259 | (@code{gnus-group-list-level}). If given a prefix, also list the groups | |
3260 | with no unread articles. | |
3261 | ||
3262 | @item A k | |
3263 | @kindex A k (Group) | |
3264 | @findex gnus-group-list-killed | |
3265 | List all killed groups (@code{gnus-group-list-killed}). If given a | |
3266 | prefix argument, really list all groups that are available, but aren't | |
3267 | currently (un)subscribed. This could entail reading the active file | |
3268 | from the server. | |
3269 | ||
3270 | @item A z | |
3271 | @kindex A z (Group) | |
3272 | @findex gnus-group-list-zombies | |
3273 | List all zombie groups (@code{gnus-group-list-zombies}). | |
3274 | ||
3275 | @item A m | |
3276 | @kindex A m (Group) | |
3277 | @findex gnus-group-list-matching | |
3278 | List all unread, subscribed groups with names that match a regexp | |
3279 | (@code{gnus-group-list-matching}). | |
3280 | ||
3281 | @item A M | |
3282 | @kindex A M (Group) | |
3283 | @findex gnus-group-list-all-matching | |
3284 | List groups that match a regexp (@code{gnus-group-list-all-matching}). | |
3285 | ||
3286 | @item A A | |
3287 | @kindex A A (Group) | |
3288 | @findex gnus-group-list-active | |
3289 | List absolutely all groups in the active file(s) of the | |
3290 | server(s) you are connected to (@code{gnus-group-list-active}). This | |
3291 | might very well take quite a while. It might actually be a better idea | |
3292 | to do a @kbd{A M} to list all matching, and just give @samp{.} as the | |
3293 | thing to match on. Also note that this command may list groups that | |
3294 | don't exist (yet)---these will be listed as if they were killed groups. | |
3295 | Take the output with some grains of salt. | |
3296 | ||
3297 | @item A a | |
3298 | @kindex A a (Group) | |
3299 | @findex gnus-group-apropos | |
3300 | List all groups that have names that match a regexp | |
3301 | (@code{gnus-group-apropos}). | |
3302 | ||
3303 | @item A d | |
3304 | @kindex A d (Group) | |
3305 | @findex gnus-group-description-apropos | |
3306 | List all groups that have names or descriptions that match a regexp | |
3307 | (@code{gnus-group-description-apropos}). | |
3308 | ||
3309 | @item A c | |
3310 | @kindex A c (Group) | |
3311 | @findex gnus-group-list-cached | |
3312 | List all groups with cached articles (@code{gnus-group-list-cached}). | |
3313 | ||
3314 | @item A ? | |
3315 | @kindex A ? (Group) | |
3316 | @findex gnus-group-list-dormant | |
3317 | List all groups with dormant articles (@code{gnus-group-list-dormant}). | |
3318 | ||
3319 | @item A / | |
3320 | @kindex A / (Group) | |
3321 | @findex gnus-group-list-limit | |
3322 | List groups limited within the current selection | |
3323 | (@code{gnus-group-list-limit}). | |
3324 | ||
3325 | @item A f | |
3326 | @kindex A f (Group) | |
3327 | @findex gnus-group-list-flush | |
3328 | Flush groups from the current selection (@code{gnus-group-list-flush}). | |
3329 | ||
3330 | @item A p | |
3331 | @kindex A p (Group) | |
3332 | @findex gnus-group-list-plus | |
3333 | List groups plus the current selection (@code{gnus-group-list-plus}). | |
3334 | ||
3335 | @end table | |
3336 | ||
3337 | @vindex gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
3338 | @cindex visible group parameter | |
3339 | Groups that match the @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} regexp will | |
3340 | always be shown, whether they have unread articles or not. You can also | |
3341 | add the @code{visible} element to the group parameters in question to | |
3342 | get the same effect. | |
3343 | ||
3344 | @vindex gnus-list-groups-with-ticked-articles | |
3345 | Groups that have just ticked articles in it are normally listed in the | |
3346 | group buffer. If @code{gnus-list-groups-with-ticked-articles} is | |
3347 | @code{nil}, these groups will be treated just like totally empty | |
3348 | groups. It is @code{t} by default. | |
3349 | ||
3350 | ||
3351 | @node Sorting Groups | |
3352 | @section Sorting Groups | |
3353 | @cindex sorting groups | |
3354 | ||
3355 | @kindex C-c C-s (Group) | |
3356 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups | |
3357 | @vindex gnus-group-sort-function | |
3358 | The @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups}) command sorts the | |
3359 | group buffer according to the function(s) given by the | |
3360 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} variable. Available sorting functions | |
3361 | include: | |
3362 | ||
3363 | @table @code | |
3364 | ||
3365 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet | |
3366 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet | |
3367 | Sort the group names alphabetically. This is the default. | |
3368 | ||
3369 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-real-name | |
3370 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-real-name | |
3371 | Sort the group alphabetically on the real (unprefixed) group names. | |
3372 | ||
3373 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-level | |
3374 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-level | |
3375 | Sort by group level. | |
3376 | ||
3377 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-score | |
3378 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-score | |
3379 | Sort by group score. @xref{Group Score}. | |
3380 | ||
3381 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-rank | |
3382 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-rank | |
3383 | Sort by group score and then the group level. The level and the score | |
3384 | are, when taken together, the group's @dfn{rank}. @xref{Group Score}. | |
3385 | ||
3386 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-unread | |
3387 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-unread | |
3388 | Sort by number of unread articles. | |
3389 | ||
3390 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-method | |
3391 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-method | |
3392 | Sort alphabetically on the select method. | |
3393 | ||
3394 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-server | |
3395 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-server | |
3396 | Sort alphabetically on the Gnus server name. | |
3397 | ||
3398 | ||
3399 | @end table | |
3400 | ||
3401 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} can also be a list of sorting | |
3402 | functions. In that case, the most significant sort key function must be | |
3403 | the last one. | |
3404 | ||
3405 | ||
3406 | There are also a number of commands for sorting directly according to | |
3407 | some sorting criteria: | |
3408 | ||
3409 | @table @kbd | |
3410 | @item G S a | |
3411 | @kindex G S a (Group) | |
3412 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-alphabet | |
3413 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by group name | |
3414 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
3415 | ||
3416 | @item G S u | |
3417 | @kindex G S u (Group) | |
3418 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-unread | |
3419 | Sort the group buffer by the number of unread articles | |
3420 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-unread}). | |
3421 | ||
3422 | @item G S l | |
3423 | @kindex G S l (Group) | |
3424 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-level | |
3425 | Sort the group buffer by group level | |
3426 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-level}). | |
3427 | ||
3428 | @item G S v | |
3429 | @kindex G S v (Group) | |
3430 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score | |
3431 | Sort the group buffer by group score | |
3432 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3433 | ||
3434 | @item G S r | |
3435 | @kindex G S r (Group) | |
3436 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank | |
3437 | Sort the group buffer by group rank | |
3438 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3439 | ||
3440 | @item G S m | |
3441 | @kindex G S m (Group) | |
3442 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method | |
3443 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by back end name@* | |
3444 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method}). | |
3445 | ||
3446 | @item G S n | |
3447 | @kindex G S n (Group) | |
3448 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-real-name | |
3449 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by real (unprefixed) group name | |
3450 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-real-name}). | |
3451 | ||
3452 | @end table | |
3453 | ||
3454 | All the commands below obey the process/prefix convention | |
3455 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3456 | ||
3457 | When given a symbolic prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}), all these | |
3458 | commands will sort in reverse order. | |
3459 | ||
3460 | You can also sort a subset of the groups: | |
3461 | ||
3462 | @table @kbd | |
3463 | @item G P a | |
3464 | @kindex G P a (Group) | |
3465 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-alphabet | |
3466 | Sort the groups alphabetically by group name | |
3467 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
3468 | ||
3469 | @item G P u | |
3470 | @kindex G P u (Group) | |
3471 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-unread | |
3472 | Sort the groups by the number of unread articles | |
3473 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-unread}). | |
3474 | ||
3475 | @item G P l | |
3476 | @kindex G P l (Group) | |
3477 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-level | |
3478 | Sort the groups by group level | |
3479 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-level}). | |
3480 | ||
3481 | @item G P v | |
3482 | @kindex G P v (Group) | |
3483 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-score | |
3484 | Sort the groups by group score | |
3485 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3486 | ||
3487 | @item G P r | |
3488 | @kindex G P r (Group) | |
3489 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-rank | |
3490 | Sort the groups by group rank | |
3491 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3492 | ||
3493 | @item G P m | |
3494 | @kindex G P m (Group) | |
3495 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method | |
3496 | Sort the groups alphabetically by back end name@* | |
3497 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method}). | |
3498 | ||
3499 | @item G P n | |
3500 | @kindex G P n (Group) | |
3501 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-real-name | |
3502 | Sort the groups alphabetically by real (unprefixed) group name | |
3503 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-real-name}). | |
3504 | ||
3505 | @item G P s | |
3506 | @kindex G P s (Group) | |
3507 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups | |
3508 | Sort the groups according to @code{gnus-group-sort-function}. | |
3509 | ||
3510 | @end table | |
3511 | ||
3512 | And finally, note that you can use @kbd{C-k} and @kbd{C-y} to manually | |
3513 | move groups around. | |
3514 | ||
3515 | ||
3516 | @node Group Maintenance | |
3517 | @section Group Maintenance | |
3518 | @cindex bogus groups | |
3519 | ||
3520 | @table @kbd | |
3521 | @item b | |
3522 | @kindex b (Group) | |
3523 | @findex gnus-group-check-bogus-groups | |
3524 | Find bogus groups and delete them | |
3525 | (@code{gnus-group-check-bogus-groups}). | |
3526 | ||
3527 | @item F | |
3528 | @kindex F (Group) | |
3529 | @findex gnus-group-find-new-groups | |
3530 | Find new groups and process them (@code{gnus-group-find-new-groups}). | |
3531 | With 1 @kbd{C-u}, use the @code{ask-server} method to query the server | |
3532 | for new groups. With 2 @kbd{C-u}'s, use most complete method possible | |
3533 | to query the server for new groups, and subscribe the new groups as | |
3534 | zombies. | |
3535 | ||
3536 | @item C-c C-x | |
3537 | @kindex C-c C-x (Group) | |
3538 | @findex gnus-group-expire-articles | |
3539 | @cindex expiring mail | |
3540 | Run all expirable articles in the current group through the expiry | |
3541 | process (if any) (@code{gnus-group-expire-articles}). That is, delete | |
3542 | all expirable articles in the group that have been around for a while. | |
3543 | (@pxref{Expiring Mail}). | |
3544 | ||
3545 | @item C-c C-M-x | |
3546 | @kindex C-c C-M-x (Group) | |
3547 | @findex gnus-group-expire-all-groups | |
3548 | @cindex expiring mail | |
3549 | Run all expirable articles in all groups through the expiry process | |
3550 | (@code{gnus-group-expire-all-groups}). | |
3551 | ||
3552 | @end table | |
3553 | ||
3554 | ||
3555 | @node Browse Foreign Server | |
3556 | @section Browse Foreign Server | |
3557 | @cindex foreign servers | |
3558 | @cindex browsing servers | |
3559 | ||
3560 | @table @kbd | |
3561 | @item B | |
3562 | @kindex B (Group) | |
3563 | @findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server | |
3564 | You will be queried for a select method and a server name. Gnus will | |
3565 | then attempt to contact this server and let you browse the groups there | |
3566 | (@code{gnus-group-browse-foreign-server}). | |
3567 | @end table | |
3568 | ||
3569 | @findex gnus-browse-mode | |
3570 | A new buffer with a list of available groups will appear. This buffer | |
3571 | will use the @code{gnus-browse-mode}. This buffer looks a bit (well, | |
3572 | a lot) like a normal group buffer. | |
3573 | ||
3574 | Here's a list of keystrokes available in the browse mode: | |
3575 | ||
3576 | @table @kbd | |
3577 | @item n | |
3578 | @kindex n (Browse) | |
3579 | @findex gnus-group-next-group | |
3580 | Go to the next group (@code{gnus-group-next-group}). | |
3581 | ||
3582 | @item p | |
3583 | @kindex p (Browse) | |
3584 | @findex gnus-group-prev-group | |
3585 | Go to the previous group (@code{gnus-group-prev-group}). | |
3586 | ||
3587 | @item SPACE | |
3588 | @kindex SPACE (Browse) | |
3589 | @findex gnus-browse-read-group | |
3590 | Enter the current group and display the first article | |
3591 | (@code{gnus-browse-read-group}). | |
3592 | ||
3593 | @item RET | |
3594 | @kindex RET (Browse) | |
3595 | @findex gnus-browse-select-group | |
3596 | Enter the current group (@code{gnus-browse-select-group}). | |
3597 | ||
3598 | @item u | |
3599 | @kindex u (Browse) | |
3600 | @findex gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group | |
8ccbef23 | 3601 | @vindex gnus-browse-subscribe-newsgroup-method |
4009494e | 3602 | Unsubscribe to the current group, or, as will be the case here, |
8ccbef23 G |
3603 | subscribe to it (@code{gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group}). You |
3604 | can affect the way the new group is entered into the Group buffer | |
3605 | using the variable @code{gnus-browse-subscribe-newsgroup-method}. See | |
3606 | @pxref{Subscription Methods} for available options. | |
4009494e GM |
3607 | |
3608 | @item l | |
3609 | @itemx q | |
3610 | @kindex q (Browse) | |
3611 | @kindex l (Browse) | |
3612 | @findex gnus-browse-exit | |
3613 | Exit browse mode (@code{gnus-browse-exit}). | |
3614 | ||
3615 | @item d | |
3616 | @kindex d (Browse) | |
3617 | @findex gnus-browse-describe-group | |
3618 | Describe the current group (@code{gnus-browse-describe-group}). | |
3619 | ||
3620 | @item ? | |
3621 | @kindex ? (Browse) | |
3622 | @findex gnus-browse-describe-briefly | |
3623 | Describe browse mode briefly (well, there's not much to describe, is | |
3624 | there) (@code{gnus-browse-describe-briefly}). | |
3625 | @end table | |
3626 | ||
3627 | ||
3628 | @node Exiting Gnus | |
3629 | @section Exiting Gnus | |
3630 | @cindex exiting Gnus | |
3631 | ||
3632 | Yes, Gnus is ex(c)iting. | |
3633 | ||
3634 | @table @kbd | |
3635 | @item z | |
3636 | @kindex z (Group) | |
3637 | @findex gnus-group-suspend | |
3638 | Suspend Gnus (@code{gnus-group-suspend}). This doesn't really exit Gnus, | |
3639 | but it kills all buffers except the Group buffer. I'm not sure why this | |
3640 | is a gain, but then who am I to judge? | |
3641 | ||
3642 | @item q | |
3643 | @kindex q (Group) | |
3644 | @findex gnus-group-exit | |
3645 | @c @icon{gnus-group-exit} | |
3646 | Quit Gnus (@code{gnus-group-exit}). | |
3647 | ||
3648 | @item Q | |
3649 | @kindex Q (Group) | |
3650 | @findex gnus-group-quit | |
3651 | Quit Gnus without saving the @file{.newsrc} files (@code{gnus-group-quit}). | |
3652 | The dribble file will be saved, though (@pxref{Auto Save}). | |
3653 | @end table | |
3654 | ||
3655 | @vindex gnus-exit-gnus-hook | |
3656 | @vindex gnus-suspend-gnus-hook | |
3657 | @vindex gnus-after-exiting-gnus-hook | |
3658 | @code{gnus-suspend-gnus-hook} is called when you suspend Gnus and | |
3659 | @code{gnus-exit-gnus-hook} is called when you quit Gnus, while | |
3660 | @code{gnus-after-exiting-gnus-hook} is called as the final item when | |
3661 | exiting Gnus. | |
3662 | ||
3663 | Note: | |
3664 | ||
3665 | @quotation | |
3666 | Miss Lisa Cannifax, while sitting in English class, felt her feet go | |
3667 | numbly heavy and herself fall into a hazy trance as the boy sitting | |
3668 | behind her drew repeated lines with his pencil across the back of her | |
3669 | plastic chair. | |
3670 | @end quotation | |
3671 | ||
3672 | ||
3673 | @node Group Topics | |
3674 | @section Group Topics | |
3675 | @cindex topics | |
3676 | ||
3677 | If you read lots and lots of groups, it might be convenient to group | |
3678 | them hierarchically according to topics. You put your Emacs groups over | |
3679 | here, your sex groups over there, and the rest (what, two groups or so?) | |
3680 | you put in some misc section that you never bother with anyway. You can | |
3681 | even group the Emacs sex groups as a sub-topic to either the Emacs | |
3682 | groups or the sex groups---or both! Go wild! | |
3683 | ||
3684 | @iftex | |
3685 | @iflatex | |
3686 | \gnusfigure{Group Topics}{400}{ | |
3687 | \put(75,50){\epsfig{figure=ps/group-topic,height=9cm}} | |
3688 | } | |
3689 | @end iflatex | |
3690 | @end iftex | |
3691 | ||
3692 | Here's an example: | |
3693 | ||
3694 | @example | |
3695 | Gnus | |
3696 | Emacs -- I wuw it! | |
3697 | 3: comp.emacs | |
3698 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
3699 | Naughty Emacs | |
3700 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
3701 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
3702 | Misc | |
3703 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
3704 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
3705 | @end example | |
3706 | ||
3707 | @findex gnus-topic-mode | |
3708 | @kindex t (Group) | |
3709 | To get this @emph{fab} functionality you simply turn on (ooh!) the | |
3710 | @code{gnus-topic} minor mode---type @kbd{t} in the group buffer. (This | |
3711 | is a toggling command.) | |
3712 | ||
3713 | Go ahead, just try it. I'll still be here when you get back. La de | |
3714 | dum@dots{} Nice tune, that@dots{} la la la@dots{} What, you're back? | |
3715 | Yes, and now press @kbd{l}. There. All your groups are now listed | |
3716 | under @samp{misc}. Doesn't that make you feel all warm and fuzzy? | |
3717 | Hot and bothered? | |
3718 | ||
3719 | If you want this permanently enabled, you should add that minor mode to | |
3720 | the hook for the group mode. Put the following line in your | |
3721 | @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
3722 | ||
3723 | @lisp | |
3724 | (add-hook 'gnus-group-mode-hook 'gnus-topic-mode) | |
3725 | @end lisp | |
3726 | ||
3727 | @menu | |
3728 | * Topic Commands:: Interactive E-Z commands. | |
3729 | * Topic Variables:: How to customize the topics the Lisp Way. | |
3730 | * Topic Sorting:: Sorting each topic individually. | |
3731 | * Topic Topology:: A map of the world. | |
3732 | * Topic Parameters:: Parameters that apply to all groups in a topic. | |
3733 | @end menu | |
3734 | ||
3735 | ||
3736 | @node Topic Commands | |
3737 | @subsection Topic Commands | |
3738 | @cindex topic commands | |
3739 | ||
3740 | When the topic minor mode is turned on, a new @kbd{T} submap will be | |
3741 | available. In addition, a few of the standard keys change their | |
3742 | definitions slightly. | |
3743 | ||
3744 | In general, the following kinds of operations are possible on topics. | |
3745 | First of all, you want to create topics. Secondly, you want to put | |
3746 | groups in topics and to move them around until you have an order you | |
3747 | like. The third kind of operation is to show/hide parts of the whole | |
3748 | shebang. You might want to hide a topic including its subtopics and | |
3749 | groups, to get a better overview of the other groups. | |
3750 | ||
3751 | Here is a list of the basic keys that you might need to set up topics | |
3752 | the way you like. | |
3753 | ||
3754 | @table @kbd | |
3755 | ||
3756 | @item T n | |
3757 | @kindex T n (Topic) | |
3758 | @findex gnus-topic-create-topic | |
3759 | Prompt for a new topic name and create it | |
3760 | (@code{gnus-topic-create-topic}). | |
3761 | ||
3762 | @item T TAB | |
3763 | @itemx TAB | |
3764 | @kindex T TAB (Topic) | |
3765 | @kindex TAB (Topic) | |
3766 | @findex gnus-topic-indent | |
3767 | ``Indent'' the current topic so that it becomes a sub-topic of the | |
3768 | previous topic (@code{gnus-topic-indent}). If given a prefix, | |
3769 | ``un-indent'' the topic instead. | |
3770 | ||
3771 | @item M-TAB | |
3772 | @kindex M-TAB (Topic) | |
3773 | @findex gnus-topic-unindent | |
3774 | ``Un-indent'' the current topic so that it becomes a sub-topic of the | |
3775 | parent of its current parent (@code{gnus-topic-unindent}). | |
3776 | ||
3777 | @end table | |
3778 | ||
3779 | The following two keys can be used to move groups and topics around. | |
3780 | They work like the well-known cut and paste. @kbd{C-k} is like cut and | |
3781 | @kbd{C-y} is like paste. Of course, this being Emacs, we use the terms | |
3782 | kill and yank rather than cut and paste. | |
3783 | ||
3784 | @table @kbd | |
3785 | ||
3786 | @item C-k | |
3787 | @kindex C-k (Topic) | |
3788 | @findex gnus-topic-kill-group | |
3789 | Kill a group or topic (@code{gnus-topic-kill-group}). All groups in the | |
3790 | topic will be removed along with the topic. | |
3791 | ||
3792 | @item C-y | |
3793 | @kindex C-y (Topic) | |
3794 | @findex gnus-topic-yank-group | |
3795 | Yank the previously killed group or topic | |
3796 | (@code{gnus-topic-yank-group}). Note that all topics will be yanked | |
3797 | before all groups. | |
3798 | ||
3799 | So, to move a topic to the beginning of the list of topics, just hit | |
3800 | @kbd{C-k} on it. This is like the ``cut'' part of cut and paste. Then, | |
3801 | move the cursor to the beginning of the buffer (just below the ``Gnus'' | |
3802 | topic) and hit @kbd{C-y}. This is like the ``paste'' part of cut and | |
3803 | paste. Like I said -- E-Z. | |
3804 | ||
3805 | You can use @kbd{C-k} and @kbd{C-y} on groups as well as on topics. So | |
3806 | you can move topics around as well as groups. | |
3807 | ||
3808 | @end table | |
3809 | ||
3810 | After setting up the topics the way you like them, you might wish to | |
3811 | hide a topic, or to show it again. That's why we have the following | |
3812 | key. | |
3813 | ||
3814 | @table @kbd | |
3815 | ||
3816 | @item RET | |
3817 | @kindex RET (Topic) | |
3818 | @findex gnus-topic-select-group | |
3819 | @itemx SPACE | |
3820 | Either select a group or fold a topic (@code{gnus-topic-select-group}). | |
3821 | When you perform this command on a group, you'll enter the group, as | |
3822 | usual. When done on a topic line, the topic will be folded (if it was | |
3823 | visible) or unfolded (if it was folded already). So it's basically a | |
3824 | toggling command on topics. In addition, if you give a numerical | |
3825 | prefix, group on that level (and lower) will be displayed. | |
3826 | ||
3827 | @end table | |
3828 | ||
3829 | Now for a list of other commands, in no particular order. | |
3830 | ||
3831 | @table @kbd | |
3832 | ||
3833 | @item T m | |
3834 | @kindex T m (Topic) | |
3835 | @findex gnus-topic-move-group | |
3836 | Move the current group to some other topic | |
3837 | (@code{gnus-topic-move-group}). This command uses the process/prefix | |
3838 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3839 | ||
3840 | @item T j | |
3841 | @kindex T j (Topic) | |
3842 | @findex gnus-topic-jump-to-topic | |
3843 | Go to a topic (@code{gnus-topic-jump-to-topic}). | |
3844 | ||
3845 | @item T c | |
3846 | @kindex T c (Topic) | |
3847 | @findex gnus-topic-copy-group | |
3848 | Copy the current group to some other topic | |
3849 | (@code{gnus-topic-copy-group}). This command uses the process/prefix | |
3850 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3851 | ||
3852 | @item T h | |
3853 | @kindex T h (Topic) | |
3854 | @findex gnus-topic-hide-topic | |
3855 | Hide the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-hide-topic}). If given | |
3856 | a prefix, hide the topic permanently. | |
3857 | ||
3858 | @item T s | |
3859 | @kindex T s (Topic) | |
3860 | @findex gnus-topic-show-topic | |
3861 | Show the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-show-topic}). If given | |
3862 | a prefix, show the topic permanently. | |
3863 | ||
3864 | @item T D | |
3865 | @kindex T D (Topic) | |
3866 | @findex gnus-topic-remove-group | |
3867 | Remove a group from the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-remove-group}). | |
3868 | This command is mainly useful if you have the same group in several | |
3869 | topics and wish to remove it from one of the topics. You may also | |
3870 | remove a group from all topics, but in that case, Gnus will add it to | |
3871 | the root topic the next time you start Gnus. In fact, all new groups | |
3872 | (which, naturally, don't belong to any topic) will show up in the root | |
3873 | topic. | |
3874 | ||
3875 | This command uses the process/prefix convention | |
3876 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3877 | ||
3878 | @item T M | |
3879 | @kindex T M (Topic) | |
3880 | @findex gnus-topic-move-matching | |
3881 | Move all groups that match some regular expression to a topic | |
3882 | (@code{gnus-topic-move-matching}). | |
3883 | ||
3884 | @item T C | |
3885 | @kindex T C (Topic) | |
3886 | @findex gnus-topic-copy-matching | |
3887 | Copy all groups that match some regular expression to a topic | |
3888 | (@code{gnus-topic-copy-matching}). | |
3889 | ||
3890 | @item T H | |
3891 | @kindex T H (Topic) | |
3892 | @findex gnus-topic-toggle-display-empty-topics | |
3893 | Toggle hiding empty topics | |
3894 | (@code{gnus-topic-toggle-display-empty-topics}). | |
3895 | ||
3896 | @item T # | |
3897 | @kindex T # (Topic) | |
3898 | @findex gnus-topic-mark-topic | |
3899 | Mark all groups in the current topic with the process mark | |
3900 | (@code{gnus-topic-mark-topic}). This command works recursively on | |
3901 | sub-topics unless given a prefix. | |
3902 | ||
3903 | @item T M-# | |
3904 | @kindex T M-# (Topic) | |
3905 | @findex gnus-topic-unmark-topic | |
3906 | Remove the process mark from all groups in the current topic | |
3907 | (@code{gnus-topic-unmark-topic}). This command works recursively on | |
3908 | sub-topics unless given a prefix. | |
3909 | ||
3910 | @item C-c C-x | |
3911 | @kindex C-c C-x (Topic) | |
3912 | @findex gnus-topic-expire-articles | |
3913 | @cindex expiring mail | |
3914 | Run all expirable articles in the current group or topic through the | |
3915 | expiry process (if any) | |
3916 | (@code{gnus-topic-expire-articles}). (@pxref{Expiring Mail}). | |
3917 | ||
3918 | @item T r | |
3919 | @kindex T r (Topic) | |
3920 | @findex gnus-topic-rename | |
3921 | Rename a topic (@code{gnus-topic-rename}). | |
3922 | ||
3923 | @item T DEL | |
3924 | @kindex T DEL (Topic) | |
3925 | @findex gnus-topic-delete | |
3926 | Delete an empty topic (@code{gnus-topic-delete}). | |
3927 | ||
3928 | @item A T | |
3929 | @kindex A T (Topic) | |
3930 | @findex gnus-topic-list-active | |
3931 | List all groups that Gnus knows about in a topics-ified way | |
3932 | (@code{gnus-topic-list-active}). | |
3933 | ||
3934 | @item T M-n | |
3935 | @kindex T M-n (Topic) | |
3936 | @findex gnus-topic-goto-next-topic | |
3937 | Go to the next topic (@code{gnus-topic-goto-next-topic}). | |
3938 | ||
3939 | @item T M-p | |
3940 | @kindex T M-p (Topic) | |
3941 | @findex gnus-topic-goto-previous-topic | |
01c52d31 | 3942 | Go to the previous topic (@code{gnus-topic-goto-previous-topic}). |
4009494e GM |
3943 | |
3944 | @item G p | |
3945 | @kindex G p (Topic) | |
3946 | @findex gnus-topic-edit-parameters | |
3947 | @cindex group parameters | |
3948 | @cindex topic parameters | |
3949 | @cindex parameters | |
3950 | Edit the topic parameters (@code{gnus-topic-edit-parameters}). | |
3951 | @xref{Topic Parameters}. | |
3952 | ||
3953 | @end table | |
3954 | ||
3955 | ||
3956 | @node Topic Variables | |
3957 | @subsection Topic Variables | |
3958 | @cindex topic variables | |
3959 | ||
3960 | The previous section told you how to tell Gnus which topics to display. | |
3961 | This section explains how to tell Gnus what to display about each topic. | |
3962 | ||
3963 | @vindex gnus-topic-line-format | |
3964 | The topic lines themselves are created according to the | |
3965 | @code{gnus-topic-line-format} variable (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). | |
3966 | Valid elements are: | |
3967 | ||
3968 | @table @samp | |
3969 | @item i | |
3970 | Indentation. | |
3971 | @item n | |
3972 | Topic name. | |
3973 | @item v | |
3974 | Visibility. | |
3975 | @item l | |
3976 | Level. | |
3977 | @item g | |
3978 | Number of groups in the topic. | |
3979 | @item a | |
3980 | Number of unread articles in the topic. | |
3981 | @item A | |
3982 | Number of unread articles in the topic and all its subtopics. | |
3983 | @end table | |
3984 | ||
3985 | @vindex gnus-topic-indent-level | |
3986 | Each sub-topic (and the groups in the sub-topics) will be indented with | |
3987 | @code{gnus-topic-indent-level} times the topic level number of spaces. | |
3988 | The default is 2. | |
3989 | ||
3990 | @vindex gnus-topic-mode-hook | |
3991 | @code{gnus-topic-mode-hook} is called in topic minor mode buffers. | |
3992 | ||
3993 | @vindex gnus-topic-display-empty-topics | |
3994 | The @code{gnus-topic-display-empty-topics} says whether to display even | |
3995 | topics that have no unread articles in them. The default is @code{t}. | |
3996 | ||
3997 | ||
3998 | @node Topic Sorting | |
3999 | @subsection Topic Sorting | |
4000 | @cindex topic sorting | |
4001 | ||
4002 | You can sort the groups in each topic individually with the following | |
4003 | commands: | |
4004 | ||
4005 | ||
4006 | @table @kbd | |
4007 | @item T S a | |
4008 | @kindex T S a (Topic) | |
4009 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-alphabet | |
4010 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by group name | |
4011 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
4012 | ||
4013 | @item T S u | |
4014 | @kindex T S u (Topic) | |
4015 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-unread | |
4016 | Sort the current topic by the number of unread articles | |
4017 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-unread}). | |
4018 | ||
4019 | @item T S l | |
4020 | @kindex T S l (Topic) | |
4021 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-level | |
4022 | Sort the current topic by group level | |
4023 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-level}). | |
4024 | ||
4025 | @item T S v | |
4026 | @kindex T S v (Topic) | |
4027 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-score | |
4028 | Sort the current topic by group score | |
4029 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
4030 | ||
4031 | @item T S r | |
4032 | @kindex T S r (Topic) | |
4033 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-rank | |
4034 | Sort the current topic by group rank | |
4035 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
4036 | ||
4037 | @item T S m | |
4038 | @kindex T S m (Topic) | |
4039 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-method | |
4040 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by back end name | |
4041 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-method}). | |
4042 | ||
4043 | @item T S e | |
4044 | @kindex T S e (Topic) | |
4045 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-server | |
4046 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by server name | |
4047 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-server}). | |
4048 | ||
4049 | @item T S s | |
4050 | @kindex T S s (Topic) | |
4051 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups | |
4052 | Sort the current topic according to the function(s) given by the | |
4053 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} variable | |
4054 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups}). | |
4055 | ||
4056 | @end table | |
4057 | ||
4058 | When given a prefix argument, all these commands will sort in reverse | |
4059 | order. @xref{Sorting Groups}, for more information about group | |
4060 | sorting. | |
4061 | ||
4062 | ||
4063 | @node Topic Topology | |
4064 | @subsection Topic Topology | |
4065 | @cindex topic topology | |
4066 | @cindex topology | |
4067 | ||
4068 | So, let's have a look at an example group buffer: | |
4069 | ||
4070 | @example | |
4071 | @group | |
4072 | Gnus | |
4073 | Emacs -- I wuw it! | |
4074 | 3: comp.emacs | |
4075 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
4076 | Naughty Emacs | |
4077 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
4078 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
4079 | Misc | |
4080 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
4081 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
4082 | @end group | |
4083 | @end example | |
4084 | ||
4085 | So, here we have one top-level topic (@samp{Gnus}), two topics under | |
4086 | that, and one sub-topic under one of the sub-topics. (There is always | |
4087 | just one (1) top-level topic). This topology can be expressed as | |
4088 | follows: | |
4089 | ||
4090 | @lisp | |
4091 | (("Gnus" visible) | |
4092 | (("Emacs -- I wuw it!" visible) | |
4093 | (("Naughty Emacs" visible))) | |
4094 | (("Misc" visible))) | |
4095 | @end lisp | |
4096 | ||
4097 | @vindex gnus-topic-topology | |
4098 | This is in fact how the variable @code{gnus-topic-topology} would look | |
4099 | for the display above. That variable is saved in the @file{.newsrc.eld} | |
4100 | file, and shouldn't be messed with manually---unless you really want | |
4101 | to. Since this variable is read from the @file{.newsrc.eld} file, | |
4102 | setting it in any other startup files will have no effect. | |
4103 | ||
4104 | This topology shows what topics are sub-topics of what topics (right), | |
4105 | and which topics are visible. Two settings are currently | |
4106 | allowed---@code{visible} and @code{invisible}. | |
4107 | ||
4108 | ||
4109 | @node Topic Parameters | |
4110 | @subsection Topic Parameters | |
4111 | @cindex topic parameters | |
4112 | ||
4113 | All groups in a topic will inherit group parameters from the parent | |
4114 | (and ancestor) topic parameters. All valid group parameters are valid | |
4115 | topic parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}). When the agent is | |
4116 | enabled, all agent parameters (See Agent Parameters in @ref{Category | |
4117 | Syntax}) are also valid topic parameters. | |
4118 | ||
4119 | In addition, the following parameters are only valid as topic | |
4120 | parameters: | |
4121 | ||
4122 | @table @code | |
4123 | @item subscribe | |
4124 | When subscribing new groups by topic (@pxref{Subscription Methods}), the | |
4125 | @code{subscribe} topic parameter says what groups go in what topic. Its | |
4126 | value should be a regexp to match the groups that should go in that | |
4127 | topic. | |
4128 | ||
4129 | @item subscribe-level | |
4130 | When subscribing new groups by topic (see the @code{subscribe} parameter), | |
4131 | the group will be subscribed with the level specified in the | |
4132 | @code{subscribe-level} instead of @code{gnus-level-default-subscribed}. | |
4133 | ||
4134 | @end table | |
4135 | ||
4136 | Group parameters (of course) override topic parameters, and topic | |
4137 | parameters in sub-topics override topic parameters in super-topics. You | |
4138 | know. Normal inheritance rules. (@dfn{Rules} is here a noun, not a | |
4139 | verb, although you may feel free to disagree with me here.) | |
4140 | ||
4141 | @example | |
4142 | @group | |
4143 | Gnus | |
4144 | Emacs | |
4145 | 3: comp.emacs | |
4146 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
4147 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
4148 | Relief | |
4149 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
4150 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
4151 | Misc | |
4152 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
4153 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
4154 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
4155 | @end group | |
4156 | @end example | |
4157 | ||
4158 | The @samp{Emacs} topic has the topic parameter @code{(score-file | |
4159 | . "emacs.SCORE")}; the @samp{Relief} topic has the topic parameter | |
4160 | @code{(score-file . "relief.SCORE")}; and the @samp{Misc} topic has the | |
4161 | topic parameter @code{(score-file . "emacs.SCORE")}. In addition, | |
4162 | @* @samp{alt.religion.emacs} has the group parameter @code{(score-file | |
4163 | . "religion.SCORE")}. | |
4164 | ||
4165 | Now, when you enter @samp{alt.sex.emacs} in the @samp{Relief} topic, you | |
4166 | will get the @file{relief.SCORE} home score file. If you enter the same | |
4167 | group in the @samp{Emacs} topic, you'll get the @file{emacs.SCORE} home | |
4168 | score file. If you enter the group @samp{alt.religion.emacs}, you'll | |
4169 | get the @file{religion.SCORE} home score file. | |
4170 | ||
4171 | This seems rather simple and self-evident, doesn't it? Well, yes. But | |
4172 | there are some problems, especially with the @code{total-expiry} | |
4173 | parameter. Say you have a mail group in two topics; one with | |
4174 | @code{total-expiry} and one without. What happens when you do @kbd{M-x | |
4175 | gnus-expire-all-expirable-groups}? Gnus has no way of telling which one | |
4176 | of these topics you mean to expire articles from, so anything may | |
4177 | happen. In fact, I hereby declare that it is @dfn{undefined} what | |
4178 | happens. You just have to be careful if you do stuff like that. | |
4179 | ||
4180 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
4181 | @node Non-ASCII Group Names |
4182 | @section Accessing groups of non-English names | |
4183 | @cindex non-ascii group names | |
4184 | ||
4185 | There are some news servers that provide groups of which the names are | |
4186 | expressed with their native languages in the world. For instance, in a | |
4187 | certain news server there are some newsgroups of which the names are | |
4188 | spelled in Chinese, where people are talking in Chinese. You can, of | |
4189 | course, subscribe to such news groups using Gnus. Currently Gnus | |
4190 | supports non-@acronym{ASCII} group names not only with the @code{nntp} | |
4191 | back end but also with the @code{nnml} back end and the @code{nnrss} | |
4192 | back end. | |
4193 | ||
4194 | Every such group name is encoded by a certain charset in the server | |
4195 | side (in an @acronym{NNTP} server its administrator determines the | |
4196 | charset, but for groups in the other back ends it is determined by you). | |
4197 | Gnus has to display the decoded ones for you in the group buffer and the | |
4198 | article buffer, and needs to use the encoded ones when communicating | |
4199 | with servers. However, Gnus doesn't know what charset is used for each | |
4200 | non-@acronym{ASCII} group name. The following two variables are just | |
4201 | the ones for telling Gnus what charset should be used for each group: | |
4202 | ||
4203 | @table @code | |
4204 | @item gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist | |
4205 | @vindex gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist | |
4206 | An alist of select methods and charsets. The default value is | |
4207 | @code{nil}. The names of groups in the server specified by that select | |
4208 | method are all supposed to use the corresponding charset. For example: | |
4209 | ||
4210 | @lisp | |
4211 | (setq gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist | |
4212 | '(((nntp "news.com.cn") . cn-gb-2312))) | |
4213 | @end lisp | |
4214 | ||
4215 | Charsets specified for groups with this variable are preferred to the | |
4216 | ones specified for the same groups with the | |
4217 | @code{gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist} variable (see below). | |
4218 | ||
4219 | A select method can be very long, like: | |
4220 | ||
4221 | @lisp | |
4222 | (nntp "gmane" | |
4223 | (nntp-address "news.gmane.org") | |
4224 | (nntp-end-of-line "\n") | |
4225 | (nntp-open-connection-function | |
4226 | nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet) | |
4227 | (nntp-via-rlogin-command "ssh") | |
4228 | (nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches | |
4229 | ("-C" "-t" "-e" "none")) | |
4230 | (nntp-via-address @dots{})) | |
4231 | @end lisp | |
4232 | ||
4233 | In that case, you can truncate it into @code{(nntp "gmane")} in this | |
4234 | variable. That is, it is enough to contain only the back end name and | |
4235 | the server name. | |
4236 | ||
4237 | @item gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
4238 | @cindex UTF-8 group names | |
4239 | @vindex gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
4240 | An alist of regexp of group name and the charset for group names. | |
4241 | @code{((".*" . utf-8))} is the default value if UTF-8 is supported, | |
4242 | otherwise the default is @code{nil}. For example: | |
4243 | ||
4244 | @lisp | |
4245 | (setq gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
4246 | '(("\\.com\\.cn:" . cn-gb-2312) | |
4247 | (".*" . utf-8))) | |
4248 | @end lisp | |
4249 | ||
4250 | Note that this variable is ignored if the match is made with | |
4251 | @code{gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist}. | |
4252 | @end table | |
4253 | ||
4254 | Those two variables are used also to determine the charset for encoding | |
4255 | and decoding non-@acronym{ASCII} group names that are in the back ends | |
4256 | other than @code{nntp}. It means that it is you who determine it. If | |
4257 | you do nothing, the charset used for group names in those back ends will | |
4258 | all be @code{utf-8} because of the last element of | |
4259 | @code{gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist}. | |
4260 | ||
4261 | There is one more important variable for non-@acronym{ASCII} group | |
26b9f88d | 4262 | names: |
01c52d31 MB |
4263 | |
4264 | @table @code | |
4265 | @item nnmail-pathname-coding-system | |
26b9f88d MB |
4266 | @vindex nnmail-pathname-coding-system |
4267 | The value of this variable should be a coding system or @code{nil}. The | |
4268 | default is @code{nil} in Emacs, or is the aliasee of the coding system | |
4269 | named @code{file-name} (a certain coding system of which an alias is | |
4270 | @code{file-name}) in XEmacs. | |
4271 | ||
4272 | The @code{nnml} back end, the @code{nnrss} back end, the @acronym{NNTP} | |
4273 | marks feature (@pxref{NNTP marks}), the agent, and the cache use | |
4274 | non-@acronym{ASCII} group names in those files and directories. This | |
4275 | variable overrides the value of @code{file-name-coding-system} which | |
4276 | specifies the coding system used when encoding and decoding those file | |
4277 | names and directory names. | |
01c52d31 MB |
4278 | |
4279 | In XEmacs (with the @code{mule} feature), @code{file-name-coding-system} | |
4280 | is the only means to specify the coding system used to encode and decode | |
26b9f88d | 4281 | file names. On the other hand, Emacs uses the value of |
01c52d31 | 4282 | @code{default-file-name-coding-system} if @code{file-name-coding-system} |
26b9f88d MB |
4283 | is @code{nil} or it is bound to the value of |
4284 | @code{nnmail-pathname-coding-system} which is @code{nil}. | |
4285 | ||
4286 | Normally the value of @code{default-file-name-coding-system} in Emacs or | |
4287 | @code{nnmail-pathname-coding-system} in XEmacs is initialized according | |
4288 | to the locale, so you will need to do nothing if the value is suitable | |
4289 | to encode and decode non-@acronym{ASCII} group names. | |
01c52d31 MB |
4290 | |
4291 | The value of this variable (or @code{default-file-name-coding-system}) | |
4292 | does not necessarily need to be the same value that is determined by | |
4293 | @code{gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist} and | |
4294 | @code{gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist}. | |
4295 | ||
26b9f88d MB |
4296 | If @code{default-file-name-coding-system} or this variable is |
4297 | initialized by default to @code{iso-latin-1} for example, although you | |
4298 | want to subscribe to the groups spelled in Chinese, that is the most | |
4299 | typical case where you have to customize | |
4300 | @code{nnmail-pathname-coding-system}. The @code{utf-8} coding system is | |
4301 | a good candidate for it. Otherwise, you may change the locale in your | |
4302 | system so that @code{default-file-name-coding-system} or this variable | |
4303 | may be initialized to an appropriate value. | |
01c52d31 MB |
4304 | @end table |
4305 | ||
4306 | Note that when you copy or move articles from a non-@acronym{ASCII} | |
4307 | group to another group, the charset used to encode and decode group | |
4308 | names should be the same in both groups. Otherwise the Newsgroups | |
4309 | header will be displayed incorrectly in the article buffer. | |
4310 | ||
4311 | ||
e6d2d263 MB |
4312 | @node Searching |
4313 | @section Searching | |
4314 | ||
4315 | @menu | |
4316 | * nnir:: Searching on IMAP, with swish, namazu, etc. | |
4317 | * nnmairix:: Searching maildir, MH or mbox with Mairix. | |
4318 | @end menu | |
4319 | ||
4320 | @cindex Searching | |
4321 | ||
4322 | FIXME: This node is a stub. | |
4323 | ||
4324 | FIXME: Add a brief overview of Gnus search capabilities. A brief | |
4325 | comparison of nnir, nnmairix, contrib/gnus-namazu would be nice | |
4326 | as well. | |
4327 | ||
4328 | FIXME: Explain difference to @ref{Searching for Articles}, add reference | |
4329 | and back-reference. | |
4330 | ||
4331 | @node nnir | |
4332 | @subsection nnir | |
4333 | ||
4334 | FIXME: As a first step, convert the commentary of @file{nnir} to texi. | |
4335 | @cindex nnir | |
4336 | ||
4337 | @node nnmairix | |
4338 | @subsection nnmairix | |
4339 | ||
867d4bb3 | 4340 | @cindex mairix |
e6d2d263 MB |
4341 | @cindex nnmairix |
4342 | This paragraph describes how to set up mairix and the back end | |
4343 | @code{nnmairix} for indexing and searching your mail from within | |
4344 | Gnus. Additionally, you can create permanent ``smart'' groups which are | |
4345 | bound to mairix searches and are automatically updated. | |
4346 | ||
4347 | @menu | |
4348 | * About mairix:: About the mairix mail search engine | |
4349 | * nnmairix requirements:: What you will need for using nnmairix | |
4350 | * What nnmairix does:: What does nnmairix actually do? | |
4351 | * Setting up mairix:: Set up your mairix installation | |
4352 | * Configuring nnmairix:: Set up the nnmairix back end | |
4353 | * nnmairix keyboard shortcuts:: List of available keyboard shortcuts | |
4354 | * Propagating marks:: How to propagate marks from nnmairix groups | |
4355 | * nnmairix tips and tricks:: Some tips, tricks and examples | |
4356 | * nnmairix caveats:: Some more stuff you might want to know | |
4357 | @end menu | |
4358 | ||
2b968687 MB |
4359 | @c FIXME: The markup in this section might need improvement. |
4360 | @c E.g. adding @samp, @var, @file, @command, etc. | |
4361 | @c Cf. (info "(texinfo)Indicating") | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4362 | |
4363 | @node About mairix | |
4364 | @subsubsection About mairix | |
4365 | ||
4366 | Mairix is a tool for indexing and searching words in locally stored | |
4367 | mail. It was written by Richard Curnow and is licensed under the | |
4368 | GPL. Mairix comes with most popular GNU/Linux distributions, but it also | |
4369 | runs under Windows (with cygwin), Mac OS X and Solaris. The homepage can | |
4370 | be found at | |
4371 | @uref{http://www.rpcurnow.force9.co.uk/mairix/index.html} | |
4372 | ||
4373 | Though mairix might not be as flexible as other search tools like | |
4374 | swish++ or namazu, which you can use via the @code{nnir} back end, it | |
4375 | has the prime advantage of being incredibly fast. On current systems, it | |
4376 | can easily search through headers and message bodies of thousands and | |
4377 | thousands of mails in well under a second. Building the database | |
4378 | necessary for searching might take a minute or two, but only has to be | |
4379 | done once fully. Afterwards, the updates are done incrementally and | |
4380 | therefore are really fast, too. Additionally, mairix is very easy to set | |
4381 | up. | |
4382 | ||
4383 | For maximum speed though, mairix should be used with mails stored in | |
4384 | @code{Maildir} or @code{MH} format (this includes the @code{nnml} back | |
4385 | end), although it also works with mbox. Mairix presents the search | |
4386 | results by populating a @emph{virtual} maildir/MH folder with symlinks | |
4387 | which point to the ``real'' message files (if mbox is used, copies are | |
4388 | made). Since mairix already presents search results in such a virtual | |
4389 | mail folder, it is very well suited for using it as an external program | |
4390 | for creating @emph{smart} mail folders, which represent certain mail | |
f7362445 | 4391 | searches. |
e6d2d263 MB |
4392 | |
4393 | @node nnmairix requirements | |
4394 | @subsubsection nnmairix requirements | |
4395 | ||
2b968687 | 4396 | Mairix searches local mail---that means, mairix absolutely must have |
e6d2d263 MB |
4397 | direct access to your mail folders. If your mail resides on another |
4398 | server (e.g. an @acronym{IMAP} server) and you happen to have shell | |
4399 | access, @code{nnmairix} supports running mairix remotely, e.g. via ssh. | |
4400 | ||
4401 | Additionally, @code{nnmairix} only supports the following Gnus back | |
2b968687 MB |
4402 | ends: @code{nnml}, @code{nnmaildir}, and @code{nnimap}. You must use |
4403 | one of these back ends for using @code{nnmairix}. Other back ends, like | |
4404 | @code{nnmbox}, @code{nnfolder} or @code{nnmh}, won't work. | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4405 | |
4406 | If you absolutely must use mbox and still want to use @code{nnmairix}, | |
4407 | you can set up a local @acronym{IMAP} server, which you then access via | |
4408 | @code{nnimap}. This is a rather massive setup for accessing some mbox | |
030cca00 MB |
4409 | files, so just change to MH or Maildir already... However, if you're |
4410 | really, really passionate about using mbox, you might want to look into | |
4411 | the package @file{mairix.el}, which comes with Emacs 23. | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4412 | |
4413 | @node What nnmairix does | |
4414 | @subsubsection What nnmairix does | |
4415 | ||
4416 | The back end @code{nnmairix} enables you to call mairix from within Gnus, | |
4417 | either to query mairix with a search term or to update the | |
4418 | database. While visiting a message in the summary buffer, you can use | |
4419 | several pre-defined shortcuts for calling mairix, e.g. to quickly | |
4420 | search for all mails from the sender of the current message or to | |
4421 | display the whole thread associated with the message, even if the | |
4422 | mails are in different folders. | |
4423 | ||
4424 | Additionally, you can create permanent @code{nnmairix} groups which are bound | |
4425 | to certain mairix searches. This way, you can easily create a group | |
4426 | containing mails from a certain sender, with a certain subject line or | |
4427 | even for one specific thread based on the Message-ID. If you check for | |
4428 | new mail in these folders (e.g. by pressing @kbd{g} or @kbd{M-g}), they | |
867d4bb3 | 4429 | automatically update themselves by calling mairix. |
e6d2d263 MB |
4430 | |
4431 | You might ask why you need @code{nnmairix} at all, since mairix already | |
4432 | creates the group, populates it with links to the mails so that you can | |
030cca00 | 4433 | then access it with Gnus, right? Well, this @emph{might} work, but often |
2b968687 | 4434 | does not---at least not without problems. Most probably you will get |
e6d2d263 MB |
4435 | strange article counts, and sometimes you might see mails which Gnus |
4436 | claims have already been canceled and are inaccessible. This is due to | |
4437 | the fact that Gnus isn't really amused when things are happening behind | |
4438 | its back. Another problem can be the mail back end itself, e.g. if you | |
4439 | use mairix with an @acronym{IMAP} server (I had Dovecot complaining | |
4440 | about corrupt index files when mairix changed the contents of the search | |
4441 | group). Using @code{nnmairix} should circumvent these problems. | |
4442 | ||
030cca00 MB |
4443 | @code{nnmairix} is not really a mail back end---it's actually more like |
4444 | a wrapper, sitting between a ``real'' mail back end where mairix stores | |
4445 | the searches and the Gnus front end. You can choose between three | |
4446 | different mail back ends for the mairix folders: @code{nnml}, | |
4447 | @code{nnmaildir} or @code{nnimap}. @code{nnmairix} will call the mairix | |
4448 | binary so that the search results are stored in folders named | |
e6d2d263 | 4449 | @code{zz_mairix-<NAME>-<NUMBER>} on this mail back end, but it will |
030cca00 MB |
4450 | present these folders in the Gnus front end only with @code{<NAME>}. |
4451 | You can use an existing mail back end where you already store your mail, | |
4452 | but if you're uncomfortable with @code{nnmairix} creating new mail | |
4453 | groups alongside your other mail, you can also create e.g. a new | |
4454 | @code{nnmaildir} or @code{nnml} server exclusively for mairix, but then | |
4455 | make sure those servers do not accidentally receive your new mail | |
4456 | (@pxref{nnmairix caveats}). A special case exists if you want to use | |
4457 | mairix remotely on an IMAP server with @code{nnimap}---here the mairix | |
4458 | folders and your other mail must be on the same @code{nnimap} back end. | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4459 | |
4460 | @node Setting up mairix | |
4461 | @subsubsection Setting up mairix | |
4462 | ||
4463 | First: create a backup of your mail folders (@pxref{nnmairix caveats}). | |
4464 | ||
4465 | Setting up mairix is easy: simply create a @file{.mairixrc} file with | |
4466 | (at least) the following entries: | |
4467 | ||
4468 | @example | |
4469 | # Your Maildir/MH base folder | |
4470 | base=~/Maildir | |
4471 | @end example | |
4472 | ||
2b968687 MB |
4473 | This is the base folder for your mails. All the following directories |
4474 | are relative to this base folder. If you want to use @code{nnmairix} | |
4475 | with @code{nnimap}, this base directory has to point to the mail | |
4476 | directory where the @acronym{IMAP} server stores the mail folders! | |
e6d2d263 | 4477 | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4478 | @example |
4479 | maildir= ... your maildir folders which should be indexed ... | |
4480 | mh= ... your nnml/mh folders which should be indexed ... | |
4481 | mbox = ... your mbox files which should be indexed ... | |
4482 | @end example | |
4483 | ||
9e601b8d MB |
4484 | This specifies all your mail folders and mbox files (relative to the |
4485 | base directory!) you want to index with mairix. Note that the | |
4486 | @code{nnml} back end saves mails in MH format, so you have to put those | |
4487 | directories in the @code{mh} line. See the example at the end of this | |
4488 | section and mairixrc's man-page for further details. | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4489 | |
4490 | @example | |
4491 | omit=zz_mairix-* | |
4492 | @end example | |
4493 | ||
4494 | @vindex nnmairix-group-prefix | |
4495 | This should make sure that you don't accidentally index the mairix | |
4496 | search results. You can change the prefix of these folders with the | |
4497 | variable @code{nnmairix-group-prefix}. | |
4498 | ||
e6d2d263 MB |
4499 | @example |
4500 | mformat= ... 'maildir' or 'mh' ... | |
4501 | database= ... location of database file ... | |
4502 | @end example | |
4503 | ||
4504 | The @code{format} setting specifies the output format for the mairix | |
4505 | search folder. Set this to @code{mh} if you want to access search results | |
4506 | with @code{nnml}. Otherwise choose @code{maildir}. | |
4507 | ||
2b968687 MB |
4508 | To summarize, here is my shortened @file{.mairixrc} file as an example: |
4509 | ||
4510 | @example | |
4511 | base=~/Maildir | |
4512 | maildir=.personal:.work:.logcheck:.sent | |
4513 | mh=../Mail/nnml/*... | |
4514 | mbox=../mboxmail/mailarchive_year* | |
4515 | mformat=maildir | |
4516 | omit=zz_mairix-* | |
4517 | database=~/.mairixdatabase | |
4518 | @end example | |
4519 | ||
4520 | In this case, the base directory is @file{~/Maildir}, where all my Maildir | |
4521 | folders are stored. As you can see, the folders are separated by | |
4522 | colons. If you wonder why every folder begins with a dot: this is | |
4523 | because I use Dovecot as @acronym{IMAP} server, which again uses | |
4524 | @code{Maildir++} folders. For testing nnmairix, I also have some | |
4525 | @code{nnml} mail, which is saved in @file{~/Mail/nnml}. Since this has | |
4526 | to be specified relative to the @code{base} directory, the @code{../Mail} | |
4527 | notation is needed. Note that the line ends in @code{*...}, which means | |
4528 | to recursively scan all files under this directory. Without the three | |
4529 | dots, the wildcard @code{*} will not work recursively. I also have some | |
4530 | old mbox files with archived mail lying around in @file{~/mboxmail}. | |
4531 | The other lines should be obvious. | |
4532 | ||
4533 | See the man page for @code{mairixrc} for details and further options, | |
4534 | especially regarding wildcard usage, which may be a little different | |
4535 | than you are used to. | |
4536 | ||
4537 | Now simply call @code{mairix} to create the index for the first time. | |
4538 | Note that this may take a few minutes, but every following index will do | |
4539 | the updates incrementally and hence is very fast. | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4540 | |
4541 | @node Configuring nnmairix | |
4542 | @subsubsection Configuring nnmairix | |
4543 | ||
4544 | In group mode, type @kbd{G b c} | |
4545 | (@code{nnmairix-create-server-and-default-group}). This will ask you for all | |
4546 | necessary information and create a @code{nnmairix} server as a foreign | |
4547 | server. You will have to specify the following: | |
4548 | ||
4549 | @itemize @bullet | |
4550 | ||
4551 | @item | |
2b968687 | 4552 | The @strong{name} of the @code{nnmairix} server---choose whatever you |
e6d2d263 MB |
4553 | want. |
4554 | ||
4555 | @item | |
9e601b8d MB |
4556 | The name of the @strong{back end server} where mairix should store its |
4557 | searches. This must be a full server name, like @code{nnml:mymail}. | |
4558 | Just hit @kbd{TAB} to see the available servers. Currently, servers | |
4559 | which are accessed through @code{nnmaildir}, @code{nnimap} and | |
4560 | @code{nnml} are supported. As explained above, for locally stored | |
4561 | mails, this can be an existing server where you store your mails. | |
030cca00 MB |
4562 | However, you can also create e.g. a new @code{nnmaildir} or @code{nnml} |
4563 | server exclusively for @code{nnmairix} in your secondary select methods | |
4564 | (@pxref{Finding the News}). If you use a secondary @code{nnml} server | |
4565 | just for mairix, make sure that you explicitly set the server variable | |
4566 | @code{nnml-get-new-mail} to @code{nil}, or you might loose mail | |
4567 | (@pxref{nnmairix caveats}). If you want to use mairix remotely on an | |
9e601b8d MB |
4568 | @acronym{IMAP} server, you have to choose the corresponding |
4569 | @code{nnimap} server here. | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4570 | |
4571 | @item | |
4572 | @vindex nnmairix-mairix-search-options | |
4573 | The @strong{command} to call the mairix binary. This will usually just | |
4574 | be @code{mairix}, but you can also choose something like @code{ssh | |
4575 | SERVER mairix} if you want to call mairix remotely, e.g. on your | |
4576 | @acronym{IMAP} server. If you want to add some default options to | |
4577 | mairix, you could do this here, but better use the variable | |
4578 | @code{nnmairix-mairix-search-options} instead. | |
4579 | ||
4580 | @item | |
4581 | The name of the @strong{default search group}. This will be the group | |
4582 | where all temporary mairix searches are stored, i.e. all searches which | |
4583 | are not bound to permanent @code{nnmairix} groups. Choose whatever you | |
4584 | like. | |
4585 | ||
4586 | @item | |
4587 | If the mail back end is @code{nnimap} or @code{nnmaildir}, you will be | |
4588 | asked if you work with @strong{Maildir++}, i.e. with hidden maildir | |
4589 | folders (=beginning with a dot). For example, you have to answer | |
4590 | @samp{yes} here if you work with the Dovecot @acronym{IMAP} | |
4591 | server. Otherwise, you should answer @samp{no} here. | |
4592 | ||
4593 | @end itemize | |
4594 | ||
4595 | @node nnmairix keyboard shortcuts | |
4596 | @subsubsection nnmairix keyboard shortcuts | |
4597 | ||
4598 | In group mode: | |
4599 | ||
4600 | @table @kbd | |
4601 | ||
4602 | @item G b c | |
4603 | @kindex G b c (Group) | |
4604 | @findex nnmairix-create-server-and-default-group | |
4605 | Creates @code{nnmairix} server and default search group for this server | |
4606 | (@code{nnmairix-create-server-and-default-group}). You should have done | |
4607 | this by now (@pxref{Configuring nnmairix}). | |
4608 | ||
4609 | @item G b s | |
4610 | @kindex G b s (Group) | |
4611 | @findex nnmairix-search | |
4612 | Prompts for query which is then sent to the mairix binary. Search | |
4613 | results are put into the default search group which is automatically | |
4614 | displayed (@code{nnmairix-search}). | |
4615 | ||
4616 | @item G b m | |
4617 | @kindex G b m (Group) | |
4618 | @findex nnmairix-widget-search | |
4619 | Allows you to create a mairix search or a permanent group more | |
4620 | comfortably using graphical widgets, similar to a customization | |
4621 | group. Just try it to see how it works (@code{nnmairix-widget-search}). | |
4622 | ||
4623 | @item G b i | |
4624 | @kindex G b i (Group) | |
4625 | @findex nnmairix-search-interactive | |
4626 | Another command for creating a mairix query more comfortably, but uses | |
4627 | only the minibuffer (@code{nnmairix-search-interactive}). | |
4628 | ||
4629 | @item G b g | |
4630 | @kindex G b g (Group) | |
4631 | @findex nnmairix-create-search-group | |
4632 | Creates a permanent group which is associated with a search query | |
4633 | (@code{nnmairix-create-search-group}). The @code{nnmairix} back end | |
4634 | automatically calls mairix when you update this group with @kbd{g} or | |
4635 | @kbd{M-g}. | |
4636 | ||
4637 | @item G b q | |
4638 | @kindex G b q (Group) | |
4639 | @findex nnmairix-group-change-query-this-group | |
4640 | Changes the search query for the @code{nnmairix} group under cursor | |
4641 | (@code{nnmairix-group-change-query-this-group}). | |
4642 | ||
4643 | @item G b t | |
4644 | @kindex G b t (Group) | |
4645 | @findex nnmairix-group-toggle-threads-this-group | |
4646 | Toggles the 'threads' parameter for the @code{nnmairix} group under cursor, | |
4647 | i.e. if you want see the whole threads of the found messages | |
4648 | (@code{nnmairix-group-toggle-threads-this-group}). | |
4649 | ||
4650 | @item G b u | |
4651 | @kindex G b u (Group) | |
4652 | @findex nnmairix-update-database | |
4653 | @vindex nnmairix-mairix-update-options | |
4654 | Calls mairix binary for updating the database | |
4655 | (@code{nnmairix-update-database}). The default parameters are @code{-F} | |
4656 | and @code{-Q} for making this as fast as possible (see variable | |
4657 | @code{nnmairix-mairix-update-options} for defining these default | |
4658 | options). | |
4659 | ||
4660 | @item G b r | |
4661 | @kindex G b r (Group) | |
4662 | @findex nnmairix-group-toggle-readmarks-this-group | |
4663 | Keep articles in this @code{nnmairix} group always read or unread, or leave the | |
4664 | marks unchanged (@code{nnmairix-group-toggle-readmarks-this-group}). | |
4665 | ||
4666 | @item G b d | |
4667 | @kindex G b d (Group) | |
4668 | @findex nnmairix-group-delete-recreate-this-group | |
4669 | Recreate @code{nnmairix} group on the ``real'' mail back end | |
4670 | (@code{nnmairix-group-delete-recreate-this-group}). You can do this if | |
4671 | you always get wrong article counts with a @code{nnmairix} group. | |
4672 | ||
4673 | @item G b a | |
4674 | @kindex G b a (Group) | |
4675 | @findex nnmairix-group-toggle-allowfast-this-group | |
4676 | Toggles the @code{allow-fast} parameters for group under cursor | |
4677 | (@code{nnmairix-group-toggle-allowfast-this-group}). The default | |
4678 | behavior of @code{nnmairix} is to do a mairix search every time you | |
4679 | update or enter the group. With the @code{allow-fast} parameter set, | |
4680 | mairix will only be called when you explicitly update the group, but not | |
4681 | upon entering. This makes entering the group faster, but it may also | |
4682 | lead to dangling symlinks if something changed between updating and | |
4683 | entering the group which is not yet in the mairix database. | |
4684 | ||
4685 | @item G b p | |
4686 | @kindex G b p (Group) | |
4687 | @findex nnmairix-group-toggle-propmarks-this-group | |
4688 | Toggle marks propagation for this group | |
4689 | (@code{nnmairix-group-toggle-propmarks-this-group}). (@pxref{Propagating | |
4690 | marks}). | |
4691 | ||
4692 | @item G b o | |
4693 | @kindex G b o (Group) | |
4694 | @findex nnmairix-propagate-marks | |
4695 | Manually propagate marks (@code{nnmairix-propagate-marks}); needed only when | |
4696 | @code{nnmairix-propagate-marks-upon-close} is set to @code{nil}. | |
4697 | ||
4698 | @end table | |
4699 | ||
4700 | In summary mode: | |
4701 | ||
4702 | @table @kbd | |
4703 | ||
4704 | @item $ m | |
4705 | @kindex $ m (Summary) | |
4706 | @findex nnmairix-widget-search-from-this-article | |
4707 | Allows you to create a mairix query or group based on the current | |
4708 | message using graphical widgets (same as @code{nnmairix-widget-search}) | |
4709 | (@code{nnmairix-widget-search-from-this-article}). | |
4710 | ||
4711 | @item $ g | |
4712 | @kindex $ g (Summary) | |
4713 | @findex nnmairix-create-search-group-from-message | |
4714 | Interactively creates a new search group with query based on the current | |
4715 | message, but uses the minibuffer instead of graphical widgets | |
4716 | (@code{nnmairix-create-search-group-from-message}). | |
4717 | ||
4718 | @item $ t | |
4719 | @kindex $ t (Summary) | |
4720 | @findex nnmairix-search-thread-this-article | |
4721 | Searches thread for the current article | |
4722 | (@code{nnmairix-search-thread-this-article}). This is effectively a | |
4723 | shortcut for calling @code{nnmairix-search} with @samp{m:msgid} of the | |
4724 | current article and enabled threads. | |
4725 | ||
4726 | @item $ f | |
4727 | @kindex $ f (Summary) | |
4728 | @findex nnmairix-search-from-this-article | |
4729 | Searches all messages from sender of the current article | |
4730 | (@code{nnmairix-search-from-this-article}). This is a shortcut for | |
4731 | calling @code{nnmairix-search} with @samp{f:From}. | |
4732 | ||
4733 | @item $ o | |
4734 | @kindex $ o (Summary) | |
4735 | @findex nnmairix-goto-original-article | |
4736 | (Only in @code{nnmairix} groups!) Tries determine the group this article | |
4737 | originally came from and displays the article in this group, so that | |
4738 | e.g. replying to this article the correct posting styles/group | |
4739 | parameters are applied (@code{nnmairix-goto-original-article}). This | |
4740 | function will use the registry if available, but can also parse the | |
2b968687 | 4741 | article file name as a fallback method. |
e6d2d263 MB |
4742 | |
4743 | @item $ u | |
4744 | @kindex $ u (Summary) | |
4745 | @findex nnmairix-remove-tick-mark-original-article | |
4746 | Remove possibly existing tick mark from original article | |
4747 | (@code{nnmairix-remove-tick-mark-original-article}). (@pxref{nnmairix | |
4748 | tips and tricks}). | |
4749 | ||
4750 | @end table | |
4751 | ||
4752 | @node Propagating marks | |
4753 | @subsubsection Propagating marks | |
4754 | ||
4755 | First of: you really need a patched mairix binary for using the marks | |
4756 | propagation feature efficiently. Otherwise, you would have to update | |
4757 | the mairix database all the time. You can get the patch at | |
4758 | ||
030cca00 | 4759 | @uref{http://www.randomsample.de/mairix-maildir-patch.tar} |
e6d2d263 MB |
4760 | |
4761 | You need the mairix v0.21 source code for this patch; everything else | |
4762 | is explained in the accompanied readme file. If you don't want to use | |
4763 | marks propagation, you don't have to apply these patches, but they also | |
4764 | fix some annoyances regarding changing maildir flags, so it might still | |
4765 | be useful to you. | |
4766 | ||
4767 | With the patched mairix binary, you can use @code{nnmairix} as an | |
4768 | alternative to mail splitting (@pxref{Fancy Mail Splitting}). For | |
4769 | example, instead of splitting all mails from @samp{david@@foobar.com} | |
4770 | into a group, you can simply create a search group with the query | |
4771 | @samp{f:david@@foobar.com}. This is actually what ``smart folders'' are | |
4772 | all about: simply put everything in one mail folder and dynamically | |
4773 | create searches instead of splitting. This is more flexible, since you | |
4774 | can dynamically change your folders any time you want to. This also | |
4775 | implies that you will usually read your mails in the @code{nnmairix} | |
4776 | groups instead of your ``real'' mail groups. | |
4777 | ||
4778 | There is one problem, though: say you got a new mail from | |
2b968687 | 4779 | @samp{david@@foobar.com}; it will now show up in two groups, the |
e6d2d263 MB |
4780 | ``real'' group (your INBOX, for example) and in the @code{nnmairix} |
4781 | search group (provided you have updated the mairix database). Now you | |
4782 | enter the @code{nnmairix} group and read the mail. The mail will be | |
2b968687 | 4783 | marked as read, but only in the @code{nnmairix} group---in the ``real'' |
e6d2d263 MB |
4784 | mail group it will be still shown as unread. |
4785 | ||
4786 | You could now catch up the mail group (@pxref{Group Data}), but this is | |
4787 | tedious and error prone, since you may overlook mails you don't have | |
4788 | created @code{nnmairix} groups for. Of course, you could first use | |
4789 | @code{nnmairix-goto-original-article} (@pxref{nnmairix keyboard | |
4790 | shortcuts}) and then read the mail in the original group, but that's | |
4791 | even more cumbersome. | |
4792 | ||
4793 | Clearly, the easiest way would be if marks could somehow be | |
4794 | automatically set for the original article. This is exactly what | |
4795 | @emph{marks propagation} is about. | |
4796 | ||
4797 | Marks propagation is deactivated by default. You can activate it for a | |
4798 | certain @code{nnmairix} group with | |
4799 | @code{nnmairix-group-toggle-propmarks-this-group} (bound to @kbd{G b | |
4800 | p}). This function will warn you if you try to use it with your default | |
4801 | search group; the reason is that the default search group is used for | |
4802 | temporary searches, and it's easy to accidentally propagate marks from | |
4803 | this group. However, you can ignore this warning if you really want to. | |
4804 | ||
4805 | With marks propagation enabled, all the marks you set in a @code{nnmairix} | |
4806 | group should now be propagated to the original article. For example, | |
4807 | you can now tick an article (by default with @kbd{!}) and this mark should | |
4808 | magically be set for the original article, too. | |
4809 | ||
4810 | A few more remarks which you may or may not want to know: | |
4811 | ||
4812 | @vindex nnmairix-propagate-marks-upon-close | |
4813 | Marks will not be set immediately, but only upon closing a group. This | |
4814 | not only makes marks propagation faster, it also avoids problems with | |
4815 | dangling symlinks when dealing with maildir files (since changing flags | |
4816 | will change the file name). You can also control when to propagate marks | |
4817 | via @code{nnmairix-propagate-marks-upon-close} (see the doc-string for | |
4818 | details). | |
4819 | ||
4820 | Obviously, @code{nnmairix} will have to look up the original group for every | |
4821 | article you want to set marks for. If available, @code{nnmairix} will first use | |
4822 | the registry for determining the original group. The registry is very | |
4823 | fast, hence you should really, really enable the registry when using | |
4824 | marks propagation. If you don't have to worry about RAM and disc space, | |
4825 | set @code{gnus-registry-max-entries} to a large enough value; to be on | |
4826 | the safe side, choose roughly the amount of mails you index with mairix. | |
4827 | ||
4828 | @vindex nnmairix-only-use-registry | |
4829 | If you don't want to use the registry or the registry hasn't seen the | |
2b968687 MB |
4830 | original article yet, @code{nnmairix} will use an additional mairix |
4831 | search for determining the file name of the article. This, of course, is | |
4832 | way slower than the registry---if you set hundreds or even thousands of | |
4833 | marks this way, it might take some time. You can avoid this situation by | |
4834 | setting @code{nnmairix-only-use-registry} to t. | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4835 | |
4836 | Maybe you also want to propagate marks the other way round, i.e. if you | |
4837 | tick an article in a "real" mail group, you'd like to have the same | |
4838 | article in a @code{nnmairix} group ticked, too. For several good | |
4839 | reasons, this can only be done efficiently if you use maildir. To | |
4840 | immediately contradict myself, let me mention that it WON'T work with | |
4841 | @code{nnmaildir}, since @code{nnmaildir} stores the marks externally and | |
4842 | not in the file name. Therefore, propagating marks to @code{nnmairix} | |
4843 | groups will usually only work if you use an IMAP server which uses | |
4844 | maildir as its file format. | |
4845 | ||
4846 | @vindex nnmairix-propagate-marks-to-nnmairix-groups | |
4847 | If you work with this setup, just set | |
4848 | @code{nnmairix-propagate-marks-to-nnmairix-groups} to @code{t} and see what | |
4849 | happens. If you don't like what you see, just set it to @code{nil} again. One | |
4850 | problem might be that you get a wrong number of unread articles; this | |
4851 | usually happens when you delete or expire articles in the original | |
4852 | groups. When this happens, you can recreate the @code{nnmairix} group on the | |
4853 | back end using @kbd{G b d}. | |
4854 | ||
4855 | @node nnmairix tips and tricks | |
4856 | @subsubsection nnmairix tips and tricks | |
4857 | ||
4858 | @itemize | |
4859 | @item | |
4860 | Checking Mail | |
4861 | ||
4862 | @findex nnmairix-update-groups | |
4863 | I put all my important mail groups at group level 1. The mairix groups | |
4864 | have group level 5, so they do not get checked at start up (@pxref{Group | |
4865 | Levels}). | |
4866 | ||
4867 | I use the following to check for mails: | |
4868 | ||
4869 | @lisp | |
4870 | (defun my-check-mail-mairix-update (level) | |
4871 | (interactive "P") | |
4872 | ;; if no prefix given, set level=1 | |
4873 | (gnus-group-get-new-news (or level 1)) | |
4874 | (nnmairix-update-groups "mairixsearch" t t) | |
4875 | (gnus-group-list-groups)) | |
4876 | ||
4877 | (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "g" 'my-check-mail-mairix-update) | |
4878 | @end lisp | |
4879 | ||
4880 | Instead of @samp{"mairixsearch"} use the name of your @code{nnmairix} | |
4881 | server. See the doc string for @code{nnmairix-update-groups} for | |
4882 | details. | |
4883 | ||
4884 | @item | |
4885 | Example: search group for ticked articles | |
4886 | ||
4887 | For example, you can create a group for all ticked articles, where the | |
4888 | articles always stay unread: | |
4889 | ||
4890 | Hit @kbd{G b g}, enter group name (e.g. @samp{important}), use | |
4891 | @samp{F:f} as query and do not include threads. | |
4892 | ||
4893 | Now activate marks propagation for this group by using @kbd{G b p}. Then | |
4894 | activate the always-unread feature by using @kbd{G b r} twice. | |
4895 | ||
2b968687 | 4896 | So far so good---but how do you remove the tick marks in the @code{nnmairix} |
e6d2d263 MB |
4897 | group? There are two options: You may simply use |
4898 | @code{nnmairix-remove-tick-mark-original-article} (bound to @kbd{$ u}) to remove | |
4899 | tick marks from the original article. The other possibility is to set | |
4900 | @code{nnmairix-propagate-marks-to-nnmairix-groups} to @code{t}, but see the above | |
4901 | comments about this option. If it works for you, the tick marks should | |
4902 | also exist in the @code{nnmairix} group and you can remove them as usual, | |
4903 | e.g. by marking an article as read. | |
4904 | ||
4905 | When you have removed a tick mark from the original article, this | |
4906 | article should vanish from the @code{nnmairix} group after you have updated the | |
4907 | mairix database and updated the group. Fortunately, there is a function | |
4908 | for doing exactly that: @code{nnmairix-update-groups}. See the previous code | |
4909 | snippet and the doc string for details. | |
4910 | ||
4911 | @item | |
4912 | Dealing with auto-subscription of mail groups | |
4913 | ||
4914 | As described before, all @code{nnmairix} groups are in fact stored on | |
4915 | the mail back end in the form @samp{zz_mairix-<NAME>-<NUMBER>}. You can | |
4916 | see them when you enter the back end server in the server buffer. You | |
4917 | should not subscribe these groups! Unfortunately, these groups will | |
2b968687 | 4918 | usually get @emph{auto-subscribed} when you use @code{nnmaildir} or |
e6d2d263 MB |
4919 | @code{nnml}, i.e. you will suddenly see groups of the form |
4920 | @samp{zz_mairix*} pop up in your group buffer. If this happens to you, | |
4921 | simply kill these groups with C-k. For avoiding this, turn off | |
4922 | auto-subscription completely by setting the variable | |
4923 | @code{gnus-auto-subscribed-groups} to @code{nil} (@pxref{Filtering New | |
4924 | Groups}), or if you like to keep this feature use the following kludge | |
4925 | for turning it off for all groups beginning with @samp{zz_}: | |
4926 | ||
4927 | @lisp | |
4928 | (setq gnus-auto-subscribed-groups | |
4929 | "^\\(nnml\\|nnfolder\\|nnmbox\\|nnmh\\|nnbabyl\\|nnmaildir\\).*:\\([^z]\\|z$\\|\\z[^z]\\|zz$\\|zz[^_]\\|zz_$\\).*") | |
4930 | @end lisp | |
4931 | ||
4932 | @end itemize | |
4933 | ||
4934 | @node nnmairix caveats | |
4935 | @subsubsection nnmairix caveats | |
4936 | ||
4937 | @itemize | |
4938 | @item | |
030cca00 MB |
4939 | You can create a secondary @code{nnml} server just for nnmairix, but then |
4940 | you have to explicitly set the corresponding server variable | |
4941 | @code{nnml-get-new-mail} to @code{nil}. Otherwise, new mail might get | |
4942 | put into this secondary server (and would never show up again). Here's | |
4943 | an example server definition: | |
4944 | ||
4945 | @lisp | |
4946 | (nnml "mairix" (nnml-directory "mairix") (nnml-get-new-mail nil)) | |
4947 | @end lisp | |
4948 | ||
4949 | (The @code{nnmaildir} back end also has a server variabe | |
4950 | @code{get-new-mail}, but its default value is @code{nil}, so you don't | |
4951 | have to explicitly set it if you use a @code{nnmaildir} server just for | |
4952 | mairix.) | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4953 | |
4954 | @item | |
4955 | If you use the Gnus registry: don't use the registry with | |
4956 | @code{nnmairix} groups (put them in | |
2b968687 MB |
4957 | @code{gnus-registry-unfollowed-groups}). Be @emph{extra careful} if |
4958 | you use @code{gnus-registry-split-fancy-with-parent}; mails which are | |
e6d2d263 MB |
4959 | split into @code{nnmairix} groups are usually gone for good as soon as |
4960 | you check the group for new mail (yes, it has happened to me...). | |
4961 | ||
4962 | @item | |
2b968687 | 4963 | Therefore: @emph{Never ever} put ``real'' mails into @code{nnmairix} |
e6d2d263 MB |
4964 | groups (you shouldn't be able to, anyway). |
4965 | ||
030cca00 MB |
4966 | @item |
4967 | If you use the Gnus agent (@pxref{Gnus Unplugged}): don't agentize | |
4968 | @code{nnmairix} groups (though I have no idea what happens if you do). | |
4969 | ||
e6d2d263 MB |
4970 | @item |
4971 | mairix does only support us-ascii characters. | |
4972 | ||
4973 | @item | |
4974 | @code{nnmairix} uses a rather brute force method to force Gnus to | |
4975 | completely reread the group on the mail back end after mairix was | |
2b968687 | 4976 | called---it simply deletes and re-creates the group on the mail |
e6d2d263 MB |
4977 | back end. So far, this has worked for me without any problems, and I |
4978 | don't see how @code{nnmairix} could delete other mail groups than its | |
4979 | own, but anyway: you really should have a backup of your mail | |
4980 | folders. | |
4981 | ||
4982 | @item | |
4983 | All necessary information is stored in the group parameters | |
4984 | (@pxref{Group Parameters}). This has the advantage that no active file | |
4985 | is needed, but also implies that when you kill a @code{nnmairix} group, | |
4986 | it is gone for good. | |
4987 | ||
4988 | @item | |
4989 | @findex nnmairix-purge-old-groups | |
4990 | If you create and kill a lot of @code{nnmairix} groups, the | |
4991 | ``zz_mairix-*'' groups will accumulate on the mail back end server. To | |
4992 | delete old groups which are no longer needed, call | |
4993 | @code{nnmairix-purge-old-groups}. Note that this assumes that you don't | |
4994 | save any ``real'' mail in folders of the form | |
4995 | @code{zz_mairix-<NAME>-<NUMBER>}. You can change the prefix of | |
4996 | @code{nnmairix} groups by changing the variable | |
4997 | @code{nnmairix-group-prefix}. | |
4998 | ||
4999 | @item | |
2b968687 | 5000 | The following only applies if you @emph{don't} use the mentioned patch |
e6d2d263 MB |
5001 | for mairix (@pxref{Propagating marks}): |
5002 | ||
5003 | A problem can occur when using @code{nnmairix} with maildir folders and | |
5004 | comes with the fact that maildir stores mail flags like @samp{Seen} or | |
5005 | @samp{Replied} by appending chars @samp{S} and @samp{R} to the message | |
5006 | file name, respectively. This implies that currently you would have to | |
5007 | update the mairix database not only when new mail arrives, but also when | |
5008 | mail flags are changing. The same applies to new mails which are indexed | |
5009 | while they are still in the @samp{new} folder but then get moved to | |
5010 | @samp{cur} when Gnus has seen the mail. If you don't update the database | |
5011 | after this has happened, a mairix query can lead to symlinks pointing to | |
5012 | non-existing files. In Gnus, these messages will usually appear with | |
5013 | ``(none)'' entries in the header and can't be accessed. If this happens | |
5014 | to you, using @kbd{G b u} and updating the group will usually fix this. | |
5015 | ||
5016 | @end itemize | |
5017 | ||
4009494e GM |
5018 | @node Misc Group Stuff |
5019 | @section Misc Group Stuff | |
5020 | ||
5021 | @menu | |
5022 | * Scanning New Messages:: Asking Gnus to see whether new messages have arrived. | |
5023 | * Group Information:: Information and help on groups and Gnus. | |
5024 | * Group Timestamp:: Making Gnus keep track of when you last read a group. | |
5025 | * File Commands:: Reading and writing the Gnus files. | |
5026 | * Sieve Commands:: Managing Sieve scripts. | |
5027 | @end menu | |
5028 | ||
5029 | @table @kbd | |
5030 | ||
5031 | @item v | |
5032 | @kindex v (Group) | |
5033 | @cindex keys, reserved for users (Group) | |
5034 | The key @kbd{v} is reserved for users. You can bind it to some | |
5035 | command or better use it as a prefix key. For example: | |
5036 | ||
5037 | @lisp | |
5038 | (define-key gnus-group-mode-map (kbd "v j d") | |
5039 | (lambda () | |
5040 | (interactive) | |
5041 | (gnus-group-jump-to-group "nndraft:drafts"))) | |
5042 | @end lisp | |
5043 | ||
5044 | On keys reserved for users in Emacs and on keybindings in general | |
5045 | @xref{Keymaps, Keymaps, , emacs, The Emacs Editor}. | |
5046 | ||
5047 | @item ^ | |
5048 | @kindex ^ (Group) | |
5049 | @findex gnus-group-enter-server-mode | |
5050 | Enter the server buffer (@code{gnus-group-enter-server-mode}). | |
5051 | @xref{Server Buffer}. | |
5052 | ||
5053 | @item a | |
5054 | @kindex a (Group) | |
5055 | @findex gnus-group-post-news | |
5056 | Start composing a message (a news by default) | |
5057 | (@code{gnus-group-post-news}). If given a prefix, post to the group | |
5058 | under the point. If the prefix is 1, prompt for a group to post to. | |
5059 | Contrary to what the name of this function suggests, the prepared | |
5060 | article might be a mail instead of a news, if a mail group is specified | |
5061 | with the prefix argument. @xref{Composing Messages}. | |
5062 | ||
5063 | @item m | |
5064 | @kindex m (Group) | |
5065 | @findex gnus-group-mail | |
5066 | Mail a message somewhere (@code{gnus-group-mail}). If given a prefix, | |
5067 | use the posting style of the group under the point. If the prefix is 1, | |
5068 | prompt for a group name to find the posting style. | |
5069 | @xref{Composing Messages}. | |
5070 | ||
5071 | @item i | |
5072 | @kindex i (Group) | |
5073 | @findex gnus-group-news | |
5074 | Start composing a news (@code{gnus-group-news}). If given a prefix, | |
5075 | post to the group under the point. If the prefix is 1, prompt | |
5076 | for group to post to. @xref{Composing Messages}. | |
5077 | ||
5078 | This function actually prepares a news even when using mail groups. | |
5079 | This is useful for ``posting'' messages to mail groups without actually | |
5080 | sending them over the network: they're just saved directly to the group | |
5081 | in question. The corresponding back end must have a request-post method | |
5082 | for this to work though. | |
5083 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
5084 | @item G z |
5085 | @kindex G z (Group) | |
5086 | @findex gnus-group-compact-group | |
5087 | ||
5088 | Compact the group under point (@code{gnus-group-compact-group}). | |
5089 | Currently implemented only in nnml (@pxref{Mail Spool}). This removes | |
5090 | gaps between article numbers, hence getting a correct total article | |
5091 | count. | |
5092 | ||
4009494e GM |
5093 | @end table |
5094 | ||
5095 | Variables for the group buffer: | |
5096 | ||
5097 | @table @code | |
5098 | ||
5099 | @item gnus-group-mode-hook | |
5100 | @vindex gnus-group-mode-hook | |
5101 | is called after the group buffer has been | |
5102 | created. | |
5103 | ||
5104 | @item gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
5105 | @vindex gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
5106 | is called after the group buffer is | |
5107 | generated. It may be used to modify the buffer in some strange, | |
5108 | unnatural way. | |
5109 | ||
5110 | @item gnus-group-prepared-hook | |
5111 | @vindex gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
5112 | is called as the very last thing after the group buffer has been | |
5113 | generated. It may be used to move point around, for instance. | |
5114 | ||
5115 | @item gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
5116 | @vindex gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
5117 | Groups matching this regexp will always be listed in the group buffer, | |
5118 | whether they are empty or not. | |
5119 | ||
4009494e GM |
5120 | @end table |
5121 | ||
5122 | @node Scanning New Messages | |
5123 | @subsection Scanning New Messages | |
5124 | @cindex new messages | |
5125 | @cindex scanning new news | |
5126 | ||
5127 | @table @kbd | |
5128 | ||
5129 | @item g | |
5130 | @kindex g (Group) | |
5131 | @findex gnus-group-get-new-news | |
5132 | @c @icon{gnus-group-get-new-news} | |
5133 | Check the server(s) for new articles. If the numerical prefix is used, | |
5134 | this command will check only groups of level @var{arg} and lower | |
5135 | (@code{gnus-group-get-new-news}). If given a non-numerical prefix, this | |
5136 | command will force a total re-reading of the active file(s) from the | |
5137 | back end(s). | |
5138 | ||
5139 | @item M-g | |
5140 | @kindex M-g (Group) | |
5141 | @findex gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group | |
5142 | @vindex gnus-goto-next-group-when-activating | |
5143 | @c @icon{gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group} | |
5144 | Check whether new articles have arrived in the current group | |
5145 | (@code{gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group}). | |
5146 | @code{gnus-goto-next-group-when-activating} says whether this command is | |
5147 | to move point to the next group or not. It is @code{t} by default. | |
5148 | ||
5149 | @findex gnus-activate-all-groups | |
5150 | @cindex activating groups | |
5151 | @item C-c M-g | |
5152 | @kindex C-c M-g (Group) | |
5153 | Activate absolutely all groups (@code{gnus-activate-all-groups}). | |
5154 | ||
5155 | @item R | |
5156 | @kindex R (Group) | |
5157 | @cindex restarting | |
5158 | @findex gnus-group-restart | |
5159 | Restart Gnus (@code{gnus-group-restart}). This saves the @file{.newsrc} | |
5160 | file(s), closes the connection to all servers, clears up all run-time | |
5161 | Gnus variables, and then starts Gnus all over again. | |
5162 | ||
5163 | @end table | |
5164 | ||
5165 | @vindex gnus-get-new-news-hook | |
5166 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook} is run just before checking for new news. | |
5167 | ||
5168 | @vindex gnus-after-getting-new-news-hook | |
5169 | @code{gnus-after-getting-new-news-hook} is run after checking for new | |
5170 | news. | |
5171 | ||
5172 | ||
5173 | @node Group Information | |
5174 | @subsection Group Information | |
5175 | @cindex group information | |
5176 | @cindex information on groups | |
5177 | ||
5178 | @table @kbd | |
5179 | ||
5180 | ||
5181 | @item H f | |
5182 | @kindex H f (Group) | |
5183 | @findex gnus-group-fetch-faq | |
5184 | @vindex gnus-group-faq-directory | |
5185 | @cindex FAQ | |
5186 | @cindex ange-ftp | |
5187 | Try to fetch the @acronym{FAQ} for the current group | |
5188 | (@code{gnus-group-fetch-faq}). Gnus will try to get the @acronym{FAQ} | |
5189 | from @code{gnus-group-faq-directory}, which is usually a directory on | |
5190 | a remote machine. This variable can also be a list of directories. | |
5191 | In that case, giving a prefix to this command will allow you to choose | |
5192 | between the various sites. @code{ange-ftp} (or @code{efs}) will be | |
5193 | used for fetching the file. | |
5194 | ||
5195 | If fetching from the first site is unsuccessful, Gnus will attempt to go | |
5196 | through @code{gnus-group-faq-directory} and try to open them one by one. | |
5197 | ||
4009494e GM |
5198 | @item H C |
5199 | @kindex H C (Group) | |
5200 | @findex gnus-group-fetch-control | |
5201 | @vindex gnus-group-fetch-control-use-browse-url | |
5202 | @cindex control message | |
5203 | Fetch the control messages for the group from the archive at | |
5204 | @code{ftp.isc.org} (@code{gnus-group-fetch-control}). Query for a | |
5205 | group if given a prefix argument. | |
5206 | ||
5207 | If @code{gnus-group-fetch-control-use-browse-url} is non-@code{nil}, | |
5208 | Gnus will open the control messages in a browser using | |
5209 | @code{browse-url}. Otherwise they are fetched using @code{ange-ftp} | |
5210 | and displayed in an ephemeral group. | |
5211 | ||
5212 | Note that the control messages are compressed. To use this command | |
5213 | you need to turn on @code{auto-compression-mode} (@pxref{Compressed | |
5214 | Files, ,Compressed Files, emacs, The Emacs Manual}). | |
5215 | ||
5216 | @item H d | |
5217 | @itemx C-c C-d | |
5218 | @c @icon{gnus-group-describe-group} | |
5219 | @kindex H d (Group) | |
5220 | @kindex C-c C-d (Group) | |
5221 | @cindex describing groups | |
5222 | @cindex group description | |
5223 | @findex gnus-group-describe-group | |
5224 | Describe the current group (@code{gnus-group-describe-group}). If given | |
5225 | a prefix, force Gnus to re-read the description from the server. | |
5226 | ||
5227 | @item M-d | |
5228 | @kindex M-d (Group) | |
5229 | @findex gnus-group-describe-all-groups | |
5230 | Describe all groups (@code{gnus-group-describe-all-groups}). If given a | |
5231 | prefix, force Gnus to re-read the description file from the server. | |
5232 | ||
5233 | @item H v | |
5234 | @itemx V | |
5235 | @kindex V (Group) | |
5236 | @kindex H v (Group) | |
5237 | @cindex version | |
5238 | @findex gnus-version | |
5239 | Display current Gnus version numbers (@code{gnus-version}). | |
5240 | ||
5241 | @item ? | |
5242 | @kindex ? (Group) | |
5243 | @findex gnus-group-describe-briefly | |
5244 | Give a very short help message (@code{gnus-group-describe-briefly}). | |
5245 | ||
5246 | @item C-c C-i | |
5247 | @kindex C-c C-i (Group) | |
5248 | @cindex info | |
5249 | @cindex manual | |
5250 | @findex gnus-info-find-node | |
5251 | Go to the Gnus info node (@code{gnus-info-find-node}). | |
5252 | @end table | |
5253 | ||
5254 | ||
5255 | @node Group Timestamp | |
5256 | @subsection Group Timestamp | |
5257 | @cindex timestamps | |
5258 | @cindex group timestamps | |
5259 | ||
5260 | It can be convenient to let Gnus keep track of when you last read a | |
5261 | group. To set the ball rolling, you should add | |
5262 | @code{gnus-group-set-timestamp} to @code{gnus-select-group-hook}: | |
5263 | ||
5264 | @lisp | |
5265 | (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook 'gnus-group-set-timestamp) | |
5266 | @end lisp | |
5267 | ||
5268 | After doing this, each time you enter a group, it'll be recorded. | |
5269 | ||
5270 | This information can be displayed in various ways---the easiest is to | |
5271 | use the @samp{%d} spec in the group line format: | |
5272 | ||
5273 | @lisp | |
5274 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
5275 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %d\n") | |
5276 | @end lisp | |
5277 | ||
5278 | This will result in lines looking like: | |
5279 | ||
5280 | @example | |
5281 | * 0: mail.ding 19961002T012943 | |
5282 | 0: custom 19961002T012713 | |
5283 | @end example | |
5284 | ||
5285 | As you can see, the date is displayed in compact ISO 8601 format. This | |
5286 | may be a bit too much, so to just display the date, you could say | |
5287 | something like: | |
5288 | ||
5289 | @lisp | |
5290 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
5291 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %6,6~(cut 2)d\n") | |
5292 | @end lisp | |
5293 | ||
5294 | If you would like greater control of the time format, you can use a | |
5295 | user-defined format spec. Something like the following should do the | |
5296 | trick: | |
5297 | ||
5298 | @lisp | |
5299 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
5300 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %ud\n") | |
5301 | (defun gnus-user-format-function-d (headers) | |
5302 | (let ((time (gnus-group-timestamp gnus-tmp-group))) | |
5303 | (if time | |
5304 | (format-time-string "%b %d %H:%M" time) | |
5305 | ""))) | |
5306 | @end lisp | |
5307 | ||
5308 | ||
5309 | @node File Commands | |
5310 | @subsection File Commands | |
5311 | @cindex file commands | |
5312 | ||
5313 | @table @kbd | |
5314 | ||
5315 | @item r | |
5316 | @kindex r (Group) | |
5317 | @findex gnus-group-read-init-file | |
5318 | @vindex gnus-init-file | |
5319 | @cindex reading init file | |
5320 | Re-read the init file (@code{gnus-init-file}, which defaults to | |
5321 | @file{~/.gnus.el}) (@code{gnus-group-read-init-file}). | |
5322 | ||
5323 | @item s | |
5324 | @kindex s (Group) | |
5325 | @findex gnus-group-save-newsrc | |
5326 | @cindex saving .newsrc | |
5327 | Save the @file{.newsrc.eld} file (and @file{.newsrc} if wanted) | |
5328 | (@code{gnus-group-save-newsrc}). If given a prefix, force saving the | |
5329 | file(s) whether Gnus thinks it is necessary or not. | |
5330 | ||
5331 | @c @item Z | |
5332 | @c @kindex Z (Group) | |
5333 | @c @findex gnus-group-clear-dribble | |
5334 | @c Clear the dribble buffer (@code{gnus-group-clear-dribble}). | |
5335 | ||
5336 | @end table | |
5337 | ||
5338 | ||
5339 | @node Sieve Commands | |
5340 | @subsection Sieve Commands | |
5341 | @cindex group sieve commands | |
5342 | ||
5343 | Sieve is a server-side mail filtering language. In Gnus you can use | |
5344 | the @code{sieve} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) to specify | |
5345 | sieve rules that should apply to each group. Gnus provides two | |
5346 | commands to translate all these group parameters into a proper Sieve | |
5347 | script that can be transfered to the server somehow. | |
5348 | ||
5349 | @vindex gnus-sieve-file | |
5350 | @vindex gnus-sieve-region-start | |
5351 | @vindex gnus-sieve-region-end | |
5352 | The generated Sieve script is placed in @code{gnus-sieve-file} (by | |
5353 | default @file{~/.sieve}). The Sieve code that Gnus generate is placed | |
5354 | between two delimiters, @code{gnus-sieve-region-start} and | |
5355 | @code{gnus-sieve-region-end}, so you may write additional Sieve code | |
5356 | outside these delimiters that will not be removed the next time you | |
5357 | regenerate the Sieve script. | |
5358 | ||
5359 | @vindex gnus-sieve-crosspost | |
5360 | The variable @code{gnus-sieve-crosspost} controls how the Sieve script | |
5361 | is generated. If it is non-@code{nil} (the default) articles is | |
5362 | placed in all groups that have matching rules, otherwise the article | |
5363 | is only placed in the group with the first matching rule. For | |
5364 | example, the group parameter @samp{(sieve address "sender" | |
5365 | "owner-ding@@hpc.uh.edu")} will generate the following piece of Sieve | |
5366 | code if @code{gnus-sieve-crosspost} is @code{nil}. (When | |
5367 | @code{gnus-sieve-crosspost} is non-@code{nil}, it looks the same | |
5368 | except that the line containing the call to @code{stop} is removed.) | |
5369 | ||
5370 | @example | |
5371 | if address "sender" "owner-ding@@hpc.uh.edu" @{ | |
5372 | fileinto "INBOX.ding"; | |
5373 | stop; | |
5374 | @} | |
5375 | @end example | |
5376 | ||
5377 | @xref{Top, Emacs Sieve, Top, sieve, Emacs Sieve}. | |
5378 | ||
5379 | @table @kbd | |
5380 | ||
5381 | @item D g | |
5382 | @kindex D g (Group) | |
5383 | @findex gnus-sieve-generate | |
5384 | @vindex gnus-sieve-file | |
5385 | @cindex generating sieve script | |
5386 | Regenerate a Sieve script from the @code{sieve} group parameters and | |
5387 | put you into the @code{gnus-sieve-file} without saving it. | |
5388 | ||
5389 | @item D u | |
5390 | @kindex D u (Group) | |
5391 | @findex gnus-sieve-update | |
5392 | @vindex gnus-sieve-file | |
5393 | @cindex updating sieve script | |
5394 | Regenerates the Gnus managed part of @code{gnus-sieve-file} using the | |
5395 | @code{sieve} group parameters, save the file and upload it to the | |
5396 | server using the @code{sieveshell} program. | |
5397 | ||
5398 | @end table | |
5399 | ||
5400 | ||
5401 | @node Summary Buffer | |
5402 | @chapter Summary Buffer | |
5403 | @cindex summary buffer | |
5404 | ||
5405 | A line for each article is displayed in the summary buffer. You can | |
5406 | move around, read articles, post articles and reply to articles. | |
5407 | ||
5408 | The most common way to a summary buffer is to select a group from the | |
5409 | group buffer (@pxref{Selecting a Group}). | |
5410 | ||
5411 | You can have as many summary buffers open as you wish. | |
5412 | ||
5413 | You can customize the Summary Mode tool bar, see @kbd{M-x | |
5414 | customize-apropos RET gnus-summary-tool-bar}. This feature is only | |
5415 | available in Emacs. | |
5416 | ||
5417 | @kindex v (Summary) | |
5418 | @cindex keys, reserved for users (Summary) | |
5419 | The key @kbd{v} is reserved for users. You can bind it to some | |
5420 | command or better use it as a prefix key. For example: | |
5421 | @lisp | |
5422 | (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map (kbd "v -") "LrS") ;; lower subthread | |
5423 | @end lisp | |
5424 | ||
5425 | @menu | |
5426 | * Summary Buffer Format:: Deciding how the summary buffer is to look. | |
5427 | * Summary Maneuvering:: Moving around the summary buffer. | |
5428 | * Choosing Articles:: Reading articles. | |
5429 | * Paging the Article:: Scrolling the current article. | |
5430 | * Reply Followup and Post:: Posting articles. | |
5431 | * Delayed Articles:: Send articles at a later time. | |
5432 | * Marking Articles:: Marking articles as read, expirable, etc. | |
5433 | * Limiting:: You can limit the summary buffer. | |
5434 | * Threading:: How threads are made. | |
5435 | * Sorting the Summary Buffer:: How articles and threads are sorted. | |
5436 | * Asynchronous Fetching:: Gnus might be able to pre-fetch articles. | |
5437 | * Article Caching:: You may store articles in a cache. | |
5438 | * Persistent Articles:: Making articles expiry-resistant. | |
01c52d31 | 5439 | * Sticky Articles:: Article buffers that are not reused. |
4009494e GM |
5440 | * Article Backlog:: Having already read articles hang around. |
5441 | * Saving Articles:: Ways of customizing article saving. | |
5442 | * Decoding Articles:: Gnus can treat series of (uu)encoded articles. | |
5443 | * Article Treatment:: The article buffer can be mangled at will. | |
5444 | * MIME Commands:: Doing MIMEy things with the articles. | |
5445 | * Charsets:: Character set issues. | |
5446 | * Article Commands:: Doing various things with the article buffer. | |
5447 | * Summary Sorting:: Sorting the summary buffer in various ways. | |
5448 | * Finding the Parent:: No child support? Get the parent. | |
5449 | * Alternative Approaches:: Reading using non-default summaries. | |
5450 | * Tree Display:: A more visual display of threads. | |
5451 | * Mail Group Commands:: Some commands can only be used in mail groups. | |
5452 | * Various Summary Stuff:: What didn't fit anywhere else. | |
5453 | * Exiting the Summary Buffer:: Returning to the Group buffer, | |
5454 | or reselecting the current group. | |
5455 | * Crosspost Handling:: How crossposted articles are dealt with. | |
5456 | * Duplicate Suppression:: An alternative when crosspost handling fails. | |
5457 | * Security:: Decrypt and Verify. | |
5458 | * Mailing List:: Mailing list minor mode. | |
5459 | @end menu | |
5460 | ||
5461 | ||
5462 | @node Summary Buffer Format | |
5463 | @section Summary Buffer Format | |
5464 | @cindex summary buffer format | |
5465 | ||
5466 | @iftex | |
5467 | @iflatex | |
5468 | \gnusfigure{The Summary Buffer}{180}{ | |
5469 | \put(0,0){\epsfig{figure=ps/summary,width=7.5cm}} | |
5470 | \put(445,0){\makebox(0,0)[br]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-article,width=7.5cm}}} | |
5471 | } | |
5472 | @end iflatex | |
5473 | @end iftex | |
5474 | ||
5475 | @menu | |
5476 | * Summary Buffer Lines:: You can specify how summary lines should look. | |
5477 | * To From Newsgroups:: How to not display your own name. | |
5478 | * Summary Buffer Mode Line:: You can say how the mode line should look. | |
5479 | * Summary Highlighting:: Making the summary buffer all pretty and nice. | |
5480 | @end menu | |
5481 | ||
5482 | @findex mail-extract-address-components | |
5483 | @findex gnus-extract-address-components | |
5484 | @vindex gnus-extract-address-components | |
5485 | Gnus will use the value of the @code{gnus-extract-address-components} | |
5486 | variable as a function for getting the name and address parts of a | |
5487 | @code{From} header. Two pre-defined functions exist: | |
5488 | @code{gnus-extract-address-components}, which is the default, quite | |
5489 | fast, and too simplistic solution; and | |
5490 | @code{mail-extract-address-components}, which works very nicely, but is | |
5491 | slower. The default function will return the wrong answer in 5% of the | |
5492 | cases. If this is unacceptable to you, use the other function instead: | |
5493 | ||
5494 | @lisp | |
5495 | (setq gnus-extract-address-components | |
5496 | 'mail-extract-address-components) | |
5497 | @end lisp | |
5498 | ||
5499 | @vindex gnus-summary-same-subject | |
5500 | @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} is a string indicating that the current | |
5501 | article has the same subject as the previous. This string will be used | |
5502 | with those specs that require it. The default is @code{""}. | |
5503 | ||
5504 | ||
5505 | @node Summary Buffer Lines | |
5506 | @subsection Summary Buffer Lines | |
5507 | ||
5508 | @vindex gnus-summary-line-format | |
5509 | You can change the format of the lines in the summary buffer by changing | |
5510 | the @code{gnus-summary-line-format} variable. It works along the same | |
5511 | lines as a normal @code{format} string, with some extensions | |
5512 | (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). | |
5513 | ||
5514 | There should always be a colon or a point position marker on the line; | |
5515 | the cursor always moves to the point position marker or the colon after | |
5516 | performing an operation. (Of course, Gnus wouldn't be Gnus if it wasn't | |
5517 | possible to change this. Just write a new function | |
5518 | @code{gnus-goto-colon} which does whatever you like with the cursor.) | |
5519 | @xref{Positioning Point}. | |
5520 | ||
5521 | The default string is @samp{%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-23,23f%]%) %s\n}. | |
5522 | ||
5523 | The following format specification characters and extended format | |
5524 | specification(s) are understood: | |
5525 | ||
5526 | @table @samp | |
5527 | @item N | |
5528 | Article number. | |
5529 | @item S | |
5530 | Subject string. List identifiers stripped, | |
5531 | @code{gnus-list-identifiers}. @xref{Article Hiding}. | |
5532 | @item s | |
5533 | Subject if the article is the root of the thread or the previous article | |
5534 | had a different subject, @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} otherwise. | |
5535 | (@code{gnus-summary-same-subject} defaults to @code{""}.) | |
5536 | @item F | |
5537 | Full @code{From} header. | |
5538 | @item n | |
5539 | The name (from the @code{From} header). | |
5540 | @item f | |
5541 | The name, @code{To} header or the @code{Newsgroups} header (@pxref{To | |
5542 | From Newsgroups}). | |
5543 | @item a | |
5544 | The name (from the @code{From} header). This differs from the @code{n} | |
5545 | spec in that it uses the function designated by the | |
5546 | @code{gnus-extract-address-components} variable, which is slower, but | |
5547 | may be more thorough. | |
5548 | @item A | |
5549 | The address (from the @code{From} header). This works the same way as | |
5550 | the @code{a} spec. | |
5551 | @item L | |
5552 | Number of lines in the article. | |
5553 | @item c | |
5554 | Number of characters in the article. This specifier is not supported | |
5555 | in some methods (like nnfolder). | |
5556 | @item k | |
5557 | Pretty-printed version of the number of characters in the article; | |
5558 | for example, @samp{1.2k} or @samp{0.4M}. | |
5559 | @item I | |
5560 | Indentation based on thread level (@pxref{Customizing Threading}). | |
5561 | @item B | |
5562 | A complex trn-style thread tree, showing response-connecting trace | |
5563 | lines. A thread could be drawn like this: | |
5564 | ||
5565 | @example | |
5566 | > | |
5567 | +-> | |
5568 | | +-> | |
5569 | | | \-> | |
5570 | | | \-> | |
5571 | | \-> | |
5572 | +-> | |
5573 | \-> | |
5574 | @end example | |
5575 | ||
5576 | You can customize the appearance with the following options. Note | |
5577 | that it is possible to make the thread display look really neat by | |
5578 | replacing the default @acronym{ASCII} characters with graphic | |
5579 | line-drawing glyphs. | |
5580 | @table @code | |
5581 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-root | |
5582 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-root | |
5583 | Used for the root of a thread. If @code{nil}, use subject | |
5584 | instead. The default is @samp{> }. | |
5585 | ||
5586 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-false-root | |
5587 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-false-root | |
5588 | Used for the false root of a thread (@pxref{Loose Threads}). If | |
5589 | @code{nil}, use subject instead. The default is @samp{> }. | |
5590 | ||
5591 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-indent | |
5592 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-indent | |
5593 | Used for a thread with just one message. If @code{nil}, use subject | |
5594 | instead. The default is @samp{}. | |
5595 | ||
5596 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-vertical | |
5597 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-vertical | |
5598 | Used for drawing a vertical line. The default is @samp{| }. | |
5599 | ||
5600 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-indent | |
5601 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-indent | |
5602 | Used for indenting. The default is @samp{ }. | |
5603 | ||
5604 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-leaf-with-other | |
5605 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-leaf-with-other | |
5606 | Used for a leaf with brothers. The default is @samp{+-> }. | |
5607 | ||
5608 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-leaf | |
5609 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-leaf | |
5610 | Used for a leaf without brothers. The default is @samp{\-> } | |
5611 | ||
5612 | @end table | |
5613 | ||
5614 | @item T | |
5615 | Nothing if the article is a root and lots of spaces if it isn't (it | |
5616 | pushes everything after it off the screen). | |
5617 | @item [ | |
5618 | Opening bracket, which is normally @samp{[}, but can also be @samp{<} | |
5619 | for adopted articles (@pxref{Customizing Threading}). | |
5620 | @item ] | |
5621 | Closing bracket, which is normally @samp{]}, but can also be @samp{>} | |
5622 | for adopted articles. | |
5623 | @item > | |
5624 | One space for each thread level. | |
5625 | @item < | |
5626 | Twenty minus thread level spaces. | |
5627 | @item U | |
5628 | Unread. @xref{Read Articles}. | |
5629 | ||
5630 | @item R | |
5631 | This misleadingly named specifier is the @dfn{secondary mark}. This | |
5632 | mark will say whether the article has been replied to, has been cached, | |
5633 | or has been saved. @xref{Other Marks}. | |
5634 | ||
5635 | @item i | |
5636 | Score as a number (@pxref{Scoring}). | |
5637 | @item z | |
5638 | @vindex gnus-summary-zcore-fuzz | |
5639 | Zcore, @samp{+} if above the default level and @samp{-} if below the | |
5640 | default level. If the difference between | |
5641 | @code{gnus-summary-default-score} and the score is less than | |
5642 | @code{gnus-summary-zcore-fuzz}, this spec will not be used. | |
5643 | @item V | |
5644 | Total thread score. | |
5645 | @item x | |
5646 | @code{Xref}. | |
5647 | @item D | |
5648 | @code{Date}. | |
5649 | @item d | |
5650 | The @code{Date} in @code{DD-MMM} format. | |
5651 | @item o | |
5652 | The @code{Date} in @var{YYYYMMDD}@code{T}@var{HHMMSS} format. | |
5653 | @item M | |
5654 | @code{Message-ID}. | |
5655 | @item r | |
5656 | @code{References}. | |
5657 | @item t | |
5658 | Number of articles in the current sub-thread. Using this spec will slow | |
5659 | down summary buffer generation somewhat. | |
5660 | @item e | |
5661 | An @samp{=} (@code{gnus-not-empty-thread-mark}) will be displayed if the | |
5662 | article has any children. | |
5663 | @item P | |
5664 | The line number. | |
5665 | @item O | |
5666 | Download mark. | |
5667 | @item * | |
5668 | Desired cursor position (instead of after first colon). | |
5669 | @item &user-date; | |
5670 | Age sensitive date format. Various date format is defined in | |
5671 | @code{gnus-user-date-format-alist}. | |
5672 | @item u | |
5673 | User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should | |
5674 | be a letter. Gnus will call the function | |
5675 | @code{gnus-user-format-function-@var{x}}, where @var{x} is the letter | |
5676 | following @samp{%u}. The function will be passed the current header as | |
5677 | argument. The function should return a string, which will be inserted | |
5678 | into the summary just like information from any other summary specifier. | |
5679 | @end table | |
5680 | ||
5681 | Text between @samp{%(} and @samp{%)} will be highlighted with | |
5682 | @code{gnus-mouse-face} when the mouse point is placed inside the area. | |
5683 | There can only be one such area. | |
5684 | ||
5685 | The @samp{%U} (status), @samp{%R} (replied) and @samp{%z} (zcore) specs | |
5686 | have to be handled with care. For reasons of efficiency, Gnus will | |
5687 | compute what column these characters will end up in, and ``hard-code'' | |
5688 | that. This means that it is invalid to have these specs after a | |
5689 | variable-length spec. Well, you might not be arrested, but your summary | |
5690 | buffer will look strange, which is bad enough. | |
5691 | ||
5692 | The smart choice is to have these specs as far to the left as possible. | |
5693 | (Isn't that the case with everything, though? But I digress.) | |
5694 | ||
5695 | This restriction may disappear in later versions of Gnus. | |
5696 | ||
5697 | ||
5698 | @node To From Newsgroups | |
5699 | @subsection To From Newsgroups | |
5700 | @cindex To | |
5701 | @cindex Newsgroups | |
5702 | ||
5703 | In some groups (particularly in archive groups), the @code{From} header | |
5704 | isn't very interesting, since all the articles there are written by | |
5705 | you. To display the information in the @code{To} or @code{Newsgroups} | |
5706 | headers instead, you need to decide three things: What information to | |
5707 | gather; where to display it; and when to display it. | |
5708 | ||
5709 | @enumerate | |
5710 | @item | |
5711 | @vindex gnus-extra-headers | |
5712 | The reading of extra header information is controlled by the | |
5713 | @code{gnus-extra-headers}. This is a list of header symbols. For | |
5714 | instance: | |
5715 | ||
5716 | @lisp | |
5717 | (setq gnus-extra-headers | |
5718 | '(To Newsgroups X-Newsreader)) | |
5719 | @end lisp | |
5720 | ||
5721 | This will result in Gnus trying to obtain these three headers, and | |
5722 | storing it in header structures for later easy retrieval. | |
5723 | ||
5724 | @item | |
5725 | @findex gnus-extra-header | |
5726 | The value of these extra headers can be accessed via the | |
5727 | @code{gnus-extra-header} function. Here's a format line spec that will | |
5728 | access the @code{X-Newsreader} header: | |
5729 | ||
5730 | @example | |
5731 | "%~(form (gnus-extra-header 'X-Newsreader))@@" | |
5732 | @end example | |
5733 | ||
5734 | @item | |
5735 | @vindex gnus-ignored-from-addresses | |
5736 | The @code{gnus-ignored-from-addresses} variable says when the @samp{%f} | |
5737 | summary line spec returns the @code{To}, @code{Newsreader} or | |
5738 | @code{From} header. If this regexp matches the contents of the | |
5739 | @code{From} header, the value of the @code{To} or @code{Newsreader} | |
5740 | headers are used instead. | |
5741 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
5742 | To distinguish regular articles from those where the @code{From} field |
5743 | has been swapped, a string is prefixed to the @code{To} or | |
5744 | @code{Newsgroups} header in the summary line. By default the string is | |
5745 | @samp{-> } for @code{To} and @samp{=> } for @code{Newsgroups}, you can | |
5746 | customize these strings with @code{gnus-summary-to-prefix} and | |
5747 | @code{gnus-summary-newsgroup-prefix}. | |
5748 | ||
4009494e GM |
5749 | @end enumerate |
5750 | ||
5751 | @vindex nnmail-extra-headers | |
5752 | A related variable is @code{nnmail-extra-headers}, which controls when | |
5753 | to include extra headers when generating overview (@acronym{NOV}) files. | |
5754 | If you have old overview files, you should regenerate them after | |
5755 | changing this variable, by entering the server buffer using @kbd{^}, | |
5756 | and then @kbd{g} on the appropriate mail server (e.g. nnml) to cause | |
5757 | regeneration. | |
5758 | ||
5759 | @vindex gnus-summary-line-format | |
5760 | You also have to instruct Gnus to display the data by changing the | |
5761 | @code{%n} spec to the @code{%f} spec in the | |
5762 | @code{gnus-summary-line-format} variable. | |
5763 | ||
5764 | In summary, you'd typically put something like the following in | |
5765 | @file{~/.gnus.el}: | |
5766 | ||
5767 | @lisp | |
5768 | (setq gnus-extra-headers | |
5769 | '(To Newsgroups)) | |
5770 | (setq nnmail-extra-headers gnus-extra-headers) | |
5771 | (setq gnus-summary-line-format | |
5772 | "%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-23,23f%]%) %s\n") | |
5773 | (setq gnus-ignored-from-addresses | |
5774 | "Your Name Here") | |
5775 | @end lisp | |
5776 | ||
5777 | (The values listed above are the default values in Gnus. Alter them | |
5778 | to fit your needs.) | |
5779 | ||
5780 | A note for news server administrators, or for users who wish to try to | |
5781 | convince their news server administrator to provide some additional | |
5782 | support: | |
5783 | ||
5784 | The above is mostly useful for mail groups, where you have control over | |
5785 | the @acronym{NOV} files that are created. However, if you can persuade your | |
5786 | nntp admin to add (in the usual implementation, notably INN): | |
5787 | ||
5788 | @example | |
5789 | Newsgroups:full | |
5790 | @end example | |
5791 | ||
5792 | to the end of her @file{overview.fmt} file, then you can use that just | |
5793 | as you would the extra headers from the mail groups. | |
5794 | ||
5795 | ||
5796 | @node Summary Buffer Mode Line | |
5797 | @subsection Summary Buffer Mode Line | |
5798 | ||
5799 | @vindex gnus-summary-mode-line-format | |
5800 | You can also change the format of the summary mode bar (@pxref{Mode Line | |
5801 | Formatting}). Set @code{gnus-summary-mode-line-format} to whatever you | |
5802 | like. The default is @samp{Gnus: %%b [%A] %Z}. | |
5803 | ||
5804 | Here are the elements you can play with: | |
5805 | ||
5806 | @table @samp | |
5807 | @item G | |
5808 | Group name. | |
5809 | @item p | |
5810 | Unprefixed group name. | |
5811 | @item A | |
5812 | Current article number. | |
5813 | @item z | |
5814 | Current article score. | |
5815 | @item V | |
5816 | Gnus version. | |
5817 | @item U | |
5818 | Number of unread articles in this group. | |
5819 | @item e | |
5820 | Number of unread articles in this group that aren't displayed in the | |
5821 | summary buffer. | |
5822 | @item Z | |
5823 | A string with the number of unread and unselected articles represented | |
5824 | either as @samp{<%U(+%e) more>} if there are both unread and unselected | |
5825 | articles, and just as @samp{<%U more>} if there are just unread articles | |
5826 | and no unselected ones. | |
5827 | @item g | |
5828 | Shortish group name. For instance, @samp{rec.arts.anime} will be | |
5829 | shortened to @samp{r.a.anime}. | |
5830 | @item S | |
5831 | Subject of the current article. | |
5832 | @item u | |
5833 | User-defined spec (@pxref{User-Defined Specs}). | |
5834 | @item s | |
5835 | Name of the current score file (@pxref{Scoring}). | |
5836 | @item d | |
5837 | Number of dormant articles (@pxref{Unread Articles}). | |
5838 | @item t | |
5839 | Number of ticked articles (@pxref{Unread Articles}). | |
5840 | @item r | |
5841 | Number of articles that have been marked as read in this session. | |
5842 | @item E | |
5843 | Number of articles expunged by the score files. | |
5844 | @end table | |
5845 | ||
5846 | ||
5847 | @node Summary Highlighting | |
5848 | @subsection Summary Highlighting | |
5849 | ||
5850 | @table @code | |
5851 | ||
5852 | @item gnus-visual-mark-article-hook | |
5853 | @vindex gnus-visual-mark-article-hook | |
5854 | This hook is run after selecting an article. It is meant to be used for | |
5855 | highlighting the article in some way. It is not run if | |
5856 | @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. | |
5857 | ||
5858 | @item gnus-summary-update-hook | |
5859 | @vindex gnus-summary-update-hook | |
5860 | This hook is called when a summary line is changed. It is not run if | |
5861 | @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. | |
5862 | ||
5863 | @item gnus-summary-selected-face | |
5864 | @vindex gnus-summary-selected-face | |
5865 | This is the face (or @dfn{font} as some people call it) used to | |
5866 | highlight the current article in the summary buffer. | |
5867 | ||
5868 | @item gnus-summary-highlight | |
5869 | @vindex gnus-summary-highlight | |
5870 | Summary lines are highlighted according to this variable, which is a | |
5871 | list where the elements are of the format @code{(@var{form} | |
5872 | . @var{face})}. If you would, for instance, like ticked articles to be | |
5873 | italic and high-scored articles to be bold, you could set this variable | |
5874 | to something like | |
5875 | @lisp | |
5876 | (((eq mark gnus-ticked-mark) . italic) | |
5877 | ((> score default) . bold)) | |
5878 | @end lisp | |
5879 | As you may have guessed, if @var{form} returns a non-@code{nil} value, | |
5880 | @var{face} will be applied to the line. | |
5881 | @end table | |
5882 | ||
5883 | ||
5884 | @node Summary Maneuvering | |
5885 | @section Summary Maneuvering | |
5886 | @cindex summary movement | |
5887 | ||
5888 | All the straight movement commands understand the numeric prefix and | |
5889 | behave pretty much as you'd expect. | |
5890 | ||
5891 | None of these commands select articles. | |
5892 | ||
5893 | @table @kbd | |
5894 | @item G M-n | |
5895 | @itemx M-n | |
5896 | @kindex M-n (Summary) | |
5897 | @kindex G M-n (Summary) | |
5898 | @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-subject | |
5899 | Go to the next summary line of an unread article | |
5900 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-unread-subject}). | |
5901 | ||
5902 | @item G M-p | |
5903 | @itemx M-p | |
5904 | @kindex M-p (Summary) | |
5905 | @kindex G M-p (Summary) | |
5906 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject | |
5907 | Go to the previous summary line of an unread article | |
5908 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject}). | |
5909 | ||
5910 | @item G g | |
5911 | @kindex G g (Summary) | |
5912 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-subject | |
5913 | Ask for an article number and then go to the summary line of that article | |
5914 | without displaying the article (@code{gnus-summary-goto-subject}). | |
5915 | @end table | |
5916 | ||
5917 | If Gnus asks you to press a key to confirm going to the next group, you | |
5918 | can use the @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} keys to move around the group | |
5919 | buffer, searching for the next group to read without actually returning | |
5920 | to the group buffer. | |
5921 | ||
5922 | Variables related to summary movement: | |
5923 | ||
5924 | @table @code | |
5925 | ||
5926 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-next | |
5927 | @item gnus-auto-select-next | |
5928 | If you issue one of the movement commands (like @kbd{n}) and there are | |
5929 | no more unread articles after the current one, Gnus will offer to go to | |
5930 | the next group. If this variable is @code{t} and the next group is | |
5931 | empty, Gnus will exit summary mode and return to the group buffer. If | |
5932 | this variable is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, Gnus will select the | |
5933 | next group with unread articles. As a special case, if this variable | |
5934 | is @code{quietly}, Gnus will select the next group without asking for | |
5935 | confirmation. If this variable is @code{almost-quietly}, the same | |
5936 | will happen only if you are located on the last article in the group. | |
5937 | Finally, if this variable is @code{slightly-quietly}, the @kbd{Z n} | |
5938 | command will go to the next group without confirmation. Also | |
5939 | @pxref{Group Levels}. | |
5940 | ||
5941 | @item gnus-auto-select-same | |
5942 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-same | |
5943 | If non-@code{nil}, all the movement commands will try to go to the next | |
5944 | article with the same subject as the current. (@dfn{Same} here might | |
5945 | mean @dfn{roughly equal}. See @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit} | |
5946 | for details (@pxref{Customizing Threading}).) If there are no more | |
5947 | articles with the same subject, go to the first unread article. | |
5948 | ||
5949 | This variable is not particularly useful if you use a threaded display. | |
5950 | ||
5951 | @item gnus-summary-check-current | |
5952 | @vindex gnus-summary-check-current | |
5953 | If non-@code{nil}, all the ``unread'' movement commands will not proceed | |
5954 | to the next (or previous) article if the current article is unread. | |
5955 | Instead, they will choose the current article. | |
5956 | ||
5957 | @item gnus-auto-center-summary | |
5958 | @vindex gnus-auto-center-summary | |
5959 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will keep the point in the summary buffer | |
5960 | centered at all times. This makes things quite tidy, but if you have a | |
5961 | slow network connection, or simply do not like this un-Emacsism, you can | |
5962 | set this variable to @code{nil} to get the normal Emacs scrolling | |
5963 | action. This will also inhibit horizontal re-centering of the summary | |
5964 | buffer, which might make it more inconvenient to read extremely long | |
5965 | threads. | |
5966 | ||
5967 | This variable can also be a number. In that case, center the window at | |
5968 | the given number of lines from the top. | |
5969 | ||
85115796 KY |
5970 | @item gnus-summary-stop-at-end-of-message |
5971 | @vindex gnus-summary-stop-at-end-of-message | |
5972 | If non-@code{nil}, don't go to the next article when hitting | |
5973 | @kbd{SPC}, and you're at the end of the article. | |
5974 | ||
4009494e GM |
5975 | @end table |
5976 | ||
5977 | ||
5978 | @node Choosing Articles | |
5979 | @section Choosing Articles | |
5980 | @cindex selecting articles | |
5981 | ||
5982 | @menu | |
5983 | * Choosing Commands:: Commands for choosing articles. | |
5984 | * Choosing Variables:: Variables that influence these commands. | |
5985 | @end menu | |
5986 | ||
5987 | ||
5988 | @node Choosing Commands | |
5989 | @subsection Choosing Commands | |
5990 | ||
5991 | None of the following movement commands understand the numeric prefix, | |
5992 | and they all select and display an article. | |
5993 | ||
5994 | If you want to fetch new articles or redisplay the group, see | |
5995 | @ref{Exiting the Summary Buffer}. | |
5996 | ||
5997 | @table @kbd | |
5998 | @item SPACE | |
5999 | @kindex SPACE (Summary) | |
6000 | @findex gnus-summary-next-page | |
6001 | Select the current article, or, if that one's read already, the next | |
6002 | unread article (@code{gnus-summary-next-page}). | |
6003 | ||
6004 | If you have an article window open already and you press @kbd{SPACE} | |
6005 | again, the article will be scrolled. This lets you conveniently | |
6006 | @kbd{SPACE} through an entire newsgroup. @xref{Paging the Article}. | |
6007 | ||
6008 | @item G n | |
6009 | @itemx n | |
6010 | @kindex n (Summary) | |
6011 | @kindex G n (Summary) | |
6012 | @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-article | |
6013 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-next-unread} | |
6014 | Go to next unread article (@code{gnus-summary-next-unread-article}). | |
6015 | ||
6016 | @item G p | |
6017 | @itemx p | |
6018 | @kindex p (Summary) | |
6019 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-article | |
6020 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-prev-unread} | |
6021 | Go to previous unread article (@code{gnus-summary-prev-unread-article}). | |
6022 | ||
6023 | @item G N | |
6024 | @itemx N | |
6025 | @kindex N (Summary) | |
6026 | @kindex G N (Summary) | |
6027 | @findex gnus-summary-next-article | |
6028 | Go to the next article (@code{gnus-summary-next-article}). | |
6029 | ||
6030 | @item G P | |
6031 | @itemx P | |
6032 | @kindex P (Summary) | |
6033 | @kindex G P (Summary) | |
6034 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-article | |
6035 | Go to the previous article (@code{gnus-summary-prev-article}). | |
6036 | ||
6037 | @item G C-n | |
6038 | @kindex G C-n (Summary) | |
6039 | @findex gnus-summary-next-same-subject | |
6040 | Go to the next article with the same subject | |
6041 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-same-subject}). | |
6042 | ||
6043 | @item G C-p | |
6044 | @kindex G C-p (Summary) | |
6045 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-same-subject | |
6046 | Go to the previous article with the same subject | |
6047 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-same-subject}). | |
6048 | ||
6049 | @item G f | |
6050 | @itemx . | |
6051 | @kindex G f (Summary) | |
6052 | @kindex . (Summary) | |
6053 | @findex gnus-summary-first-unread-article | |
6054 | Go to the first unread article | |
6055 | (@code{gnus-summary-first-unread-article}). | |
6056 | ||
6057 | @item G b | |
6058 | @itemx , | |
6059 | @kindex G b (Summary) | |
6060 | @kindex , (Summary) | |
6061 | @findex gnus-summary-best-unread-article | |
6062 | Go to the unread article with the highest score | |
6063 | (@code{gnus-summary-best-unread-article}). If given a prefix argument, | |
6064 | go to the first unread article that has a score over the default score. | |
6065 | ||
6066 | @item G l | |
6067 | @itemx l | |
6068 | @kindex l (Summary) | |
6069 | @kindex G l (Summary) | |
6070 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-last-article | |
6071 | Go to the previous article read (@code{gnus-summary-goto-last-article}). | |
6072 | ||
6073 | @item G o | |
6074 | @kindex G o (Summary) | |
6075 | @findex gnus-summary-pop-article | |
6076 | @cindex history | |
6077 | @cindex article history | |
6078 | Pop an article off the summary history and go to this article | |
6079 | (@code{gnus-summary-pop-article}). This command differs from the | |
6080 | command above in that you can pop as many previous articles off the | |
6081 | history as you like, while @kbd{l} toggles the two last read articles. | |
6082 | For a somewhat related issue (if you use these commands a lot), | |
6083 | @pxref{Article Backlog}. | |
6084 | ||
6085 | @item G j | |
6086 | @itemx j | |
6087 | @kindex j (Summary) | |
6088 | @kindex G j (Summary) | |
6089 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-article | |
6090 | Ask for an article number or @code{Message-ID}, and then go to that | |
6091 | article (@code{gnus-summary-goto-article}). | |
6092 | ||
6093 | @end table | |
6094 | ||
6095 | ||
6096 | @node Choosing Variables | |
6097 | @subsection Choosing Variables | |
6098 | ||
6099 | Some variables relevant for moving and selecting articles: | |
6100 | ||
6101 | @table @code | |
6102 | @item gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup | |
6103 | @vindex gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup | |
6104 | All the movement commands will try to go to the previous (or next) | |
6105 | article, even if that article isn't displayed in the Summary buffer if | |
6106 | this variable is non-@code{nil}. Gnus will then fetch the article from | |
6107 | the server and display it in the article buffer. | |
6108 | ||
6109 | @item gnus-select-article-hook | |
6110 | @vindex gnus-select-article-hook | |
6111 | This hook is called whenever an article is selected. The default is | |
6112 | @code{nil}. If you would like each article to be saved in the Agent as | |
6113 | you read it, putting @code{gnus-agent-fetch-selected-article} on this | |
6114 | hook will do so. | |
6115 | ||
6116 | @item gnus-mark-article-hook | |
6117 | @vindex gnus-mark-article-hook | |
6118 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read | |
6119 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read | |
6120 | @findex gnus-unread-mark | |
6121 | This hook is called whenever an article is selected. It is intended to | |
6122 | be used for marking articles as read. The default value is | |
6123 | @code{gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read}, and will change the | |
6124 | mark of almost any article you read to @code{gnus-read-mark}. The only | |
6125 | articles not affected by this function are ticked, dormant, and | |
6126 | expirable articles. If you'd instead like to just have unread articles | |
6127 | marked as read, you can use @code{gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read} | |
6128 | instead. It will leave marks like @code{gnus-low-score-mark}, | |
6129 | @code{gnus-del-mark} (and so on) alone. | |
6130 | ||
6131 | @end table | |
6132 | ||
6133 | ||
6134 | @node Paging the Article | |
6135 | @section Scrolling the Article | |
6136 | @cindex article scrolling | |
6137 | ||
6138 | @table @kbd | |
6139 | ||
6140 | @item SPACE | |
6141 | @kindex SPACE (Summary) | |
6142 | @findex gnus-summary-next-page | |
6143 | Pressing @kbd{SPACE} will scroll the current article forward one page, | |
6144 | or, if you have come to the end of the current article, will choose the | |
6145 | next article (@code{gnus-summary-next-page}). | |
6146 | ||
6147 | @vindex gnus-article-boring-faces | |
6148 | @vindex gnus-article-skip-boring | |
6149 | If @code{gnus-article-skip-boring} is non-@code{nil} and the rest of | |
6150 | the article consists only of citations and signature, then it will be | |
6151 | skipped; the next article will be shown instead. You can customize | |
6152 | what is considered uninteresting with | |
6153 | @code{gnus-article-boring-faces}. You can manually view the article's | |
6154 | pages, no matter how boring, using @kbd{C-M-v}. | |
6155 | ||
6156 | @item DEL | |
6157 | @kindex DEL (Summary) | |
6158 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-page | |
6159 | Scroll the current article back one page (@code{gnus-summary-prev-page}). | |
6160 | ||
6161 | @item RET | |
6162 | @kindex RET (Summary) | |
6163 | @findex gnus-summary-scroll-up | |
6164 | Scroll the current article one line forward | |
6165 | (@code{gnus-summary-scroll-up}). | |
6166 | ||
6167 | @item M-RET | |
6168 | @kindex M-RET (Summary) | |
6169 | @findex gnus-summary-scroll-down | |
6170 | Scroll the current article one line backward | |
6171 | (@code{gnus-summary-scroll-down}). | |
6172 | ||
6173 | @item A g | |
6174 | @itemx g | |
6175 | @kindex A g (Summary) | |
6176 | @kindex g (Summary) | |
6177 | @findex gnus-summary-show-article | |
6178 | @vindex gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist | |
6179 | (Re)fetch the current article (@code{gnus-summary-show-article}). If | |
6180 | given a prefix, fetch the current article, but don't run any of the | |
6181 | article treatment functions. This will give you a ``raw'' article, just | |
6182 | the way it came from the server. | |
6183 | ||
e3e955fe | 6184 | @cindex charset, view article with different charset |
4009494e GM |
6185 | If given a numerical prefix, you can do semi-manual charset stuff. |
6186 | @kbd{C-u 0 g cn-gb-2312 RET} will decode the message as if it were | |
6187 | encoded in the @code{cn-gb-2312} charset. If you have | |
6188 | ||
6189 | @lisp | |
6190 | (setq gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist | |
6191 | '((1 . cn-gb-2312) | |
6192 | (2 . big5))) | |
6193 | @end lisp | |
6194 | ||
6195 | then you can say @kbd{C-u 1 g} to get the same effect. | |
6196 | ||
6197 | @item A < | |
6198 | @itemx < | |
6199 | @kindex < (Summary) | |
6200 | @kindex A < (Summary) | |
6201 | @findex gnus-summary-beginning-of-article | |
6202 | Scroll to the beginning of the article | |
6203 | (@code{gnus-summary-beginning-of-article}). | |
6204 | ||
6205 | @item A > | |
6206 | @itemx > | |
6207 | @kindex > (Summary) | |
6208 | @kindex A > (Summary) | |
6209 | @findex gnus-summary-end-of-article | |
6210 | Scroll to the end of the article (@code{gnus-summary-end-of-article}). | |
6211 | ||
6212 | @item A s | |
6213 | @itemx s | |
6214 | @kindex A s (Summary) | |
6215 | @kindex s (Summary) | |
6216 | @findex gnus-summary-isearch-article | |
6217 | Perform an isearch in the article buffer | |
6218 | (@code{gnus-summary-isearch-article}). | |
6219 | ||
6220 | @item h | |
6221 | @kindex h (Summary) | |
6222 | @findex gnus-summary-select-article-buffer | |
6223 | Select the article buffer (@code{gnus-summary-select-article-buffer}). | |
6224 | ||
6225 | @end table | |
6226 | ||
6227 | ||
6228 | @node Reply Followup and Post | |
6229 | @section Reply, Followup and Post | |
6230 | ||
6231 | @menu | |
6232 | * Summary Mail Commands:: Sending mail. | |
6233 | * Summary Post Commands:: Sending news. | |
6234 | * Summary Message Commands:: Other Message-related commands. | |
6235 | * Canceling and Superseding:: | |
6236 | @end menu | |
6237 | ||
6238 | ||
6239 | @node Summary Mail Commands | |
6240 | @subsection Summary Mail Commands | |
6241 | @cindex mail | |
6242 | @cindex composing mail | |
6243 | ||
6244 | Commands for composing a mail message: | |
6245 | ||
6246 | @table @kbd | |
6247 | ||
6248 | @item S r | |
6249 | @itemx r | |
6250 | @kindex S r (Summary) | |
6251 | @kindex r (Summary) | |
6252 | @findex gnus-summary-reply | |
6253 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-reply} | |
6254 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-reply} | |
6255 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article | |
6256 | (@code{gnus-summary-reply}). | |
6257 | ||
6258 | @item S R | |
6259 | @itemx R | |
6260 | @kindex R (Summary) | |
6261 | @kindex S R (Summary) | |
6262 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-with-original | |
6263 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-reply-with-original} | |
6264 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article and include the | |
6265 | original message (@code{gnus-summary-reply-with-original}). This | |
6266 | command uses the process/prefix convention. | |
6267 | ||
6268 | @item S w | |
6269 | @kindex S w (Summary) | |
6270 | @findex gnus-summary-wide-reply | |
6271 | Mail a wide reply to the author of the current article | |
6272 | (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply}). A @dfn{wide reply} is a reply that | |
6273 | goes out to all people listed in the @code{To}, @code{From} (or | |
6274 | @code{Reply-to}) and @code{Cc} headers. If @code{Mail-Followup-To} is | |
6275 | present, that's used instead. | |
6276 | ||
6277 | @item S W | |
6278 | @kindex S W (Summary) | |
6279 | @findex gnus-summary-wide-reply-with-original | |
6280 | Mail a wide reply to the current article and include the original | |
6281 | message (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply-with-original}). This command uses | |
b0e4f3fc KY |
6282 | the process/prefix convention, but only uses the headers from the |
6283 | first article to determine the recipients. | |
4009494e GM |
6284 | |
6285 | @item S v | |
6286 | @kindex S v (Summary) | |
6287 | @findex gnus-summary-very-wide-reply | |
6288 | Mail a very wide reply to the author of the current article | |
6289 | (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply}). A @dfn{very wide reply} is a reply | |
6290 | that goes out to all people listed in the @code{To}, @code{From} (or | |
6291 | @code{Reply-to}) and @code{Cc} headers in all the process/prefixed | |
6292 | articles. This command uses the process/prefix convention. | |
6293 | ||
6294 | @item S V | |
6295 | @kindex S V (Summary) | |
6296 | @findex gnus-summary-very-wide-reply-with-original | |
6297 | Mail a very wide reply to the author of the current article and include the | |
6298 | original message (@code{gnus-summary-very-wide-reply-with-original}). This | |
6299 | command uses the process/prefix convention. | |
6300 | ||
6301 | @item S B r | |
6302 | @kindex S B r (Summary) | |
6303 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to | |
6304 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article but ignore the | |
6305 | @code{Reply-To} field (@code{gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to}). | |
6306 | If you need this because a mailing list incorrectly sets a | |
6307 | @code{Reply-To} header pointing to the list, you probably want to set | |
6308 | the @code{broken-reply-to} group parameter instead, so things will work | |
6309 | correctly. @xref{Group Parameters}. | |
6310 | ||
6311 | @item S B R | |
6312 | @kindex S B R (Summary) | |
6313 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to-with-original | |
6314 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article and include the | |
6315 | original message but ignore the @code{Reply-To} field | |
6316 | (@code{gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to-with-original}). | |
6317 | ||
6318 | @item S o m | |
6319 | @itemx C-c C-f | |
6320 | @kindex S o m (Summary) | |
6321 | @kindex C-c C-f (Summary) | |
6322 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-forward | |
6323 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-forward} | |
6324 | Forward the current article to some other person | |
6325 | (@code{gnus-summary-mail-forward}). If no prefix is given, the message | |
6326 | is forwarded according to the value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}) | |
6327 | and (@code{message-forward-show-mml}); if the prefix is 1, decode the | |
6328 | message and forward directly inline; if the prefix is 2, forward message | |
6329 | as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 3, decode message and | |
6330 | forward as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 4, forward message | |
6331 | directly inline; otherwise, the message is forwarded as no prefix given | |
6332 | but use the flipped value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}). By | |
6333 | default, the message is decoded and forwarded as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} | |
6334 | section. | |
6335 | ||
6336 | @item S m | |
6337 | @itemx m | |
6338 | @kindex m (Summary) | |
6339 | @kindex S m (Summary) | |
6340 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-other-window | |
6341 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-originate} | |
6342 | Prepare a mail (@code{gnus-summary-mail-other-window}). By default, use | |
6343 | the posting style of the current group. If given a prefix, disable that. | |
6344 | If the prefix is 1, prompt for a group name to find the posting style. | |
6345 | ||
6346 | @item S i | |
4009494e GM |
6347 | @kindex S i (Summary) |
6348 | @findex gnus-summary-news-other-window | |
6349 | Prepare a news (@code{gnus-summary-news-other-window}). By default, | |
6350 | post to the current group. If given a prefix, disable that. If the | |
6351 | prefix is 1, prompt for a group to post to. | |
6352 | ||
6353 | This function actually prepares a news even when using mail groups. | |
6354 | This is useful for ``posting'' messages to mail groups without actually | |
6355 | sending them over the network: they're just saved directly to the group | |
6356 | in question. The corresponding back end must have a request-post method | |
6357 | for this to work though. | |
6358 | ||
6359 | @item S D b | |
6360 | @kindex S D b (Summary) | |
6361 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-bounced-mail | |
6362 | @cindex bouncing mail | |
6363 | If you have sent a mail, but the mail was bounced back to you for some | |
6364 | reason (wrong address, transient failure), you can use this command to | |
6365 | resend that bounced mail (@code{gnus-summary-resend-bounced-mail}). You | |
6366 | will be popped into a mail buffer where you can edit the headers before | |
6367 | sending the mail off again. If you give a prefix to this command, and | |
6368 | the bounced mail is a reply to some other mail, Gnus will try to fetch | |
6369 | that mail and display it for easy perusal of its headers. This might | |
6370 | very well fail, though. | |
6371 | ||
6372 | @item S D r | |
6373 | @kindex S D r (Summary) | |
6374 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-message | |
6375 | Not to be confused with the previous command, | |
6376 | @code{gnus-summary-resend-message} will prompt you for an address to | |
6377 | send the current message off to, and then send it to that place. The | |
6378 | headers of the message won't be altered---but lots of headers that say | |
6379 | @code{Resent-To}, @code{Resent-From} and so on will be added. This | |
6380 | means that you actually send a mail to someone that has a @code{To} | |
6381 | header that (probably) points to yourself. This will confuse people. | |
6382 | So, natcherly you'll only do that if you're really eVIl. | |
6383 | ||
6384 | This command is mainly used if you have several accounts and want to | |
6385 | ship a mail to a different account of yours. (If you're both | |
6386 | @code{root} and @code{postmaster} and get a mail for @code{postmaster} | |
6387 | to the @code{root} account, you may want to resend it to | |
6388 | @code{postmaster}. Ordnung muss sein! | |
6389 | ||
6390 | This command understands the process/prefix convention | |
6391 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
6392 | ||
6393 | @item S D e | |
6394 | @kindex S D e (Summary) | |
6395 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-message-edit | |
6396 | ||
6397 | Like the previous command, but will allow you to edit the message as | |
6398 | if it were a new message before resending. | |
6399 | ||
6400 | @item S O m | |
6401 | @kindex S O m (Summary) | |
6402 | @findex gnus-uu-digest-mail-forward | |
6403 | Digest the current series (@pxref{Decoding Articles}) and forward the | |
6404 | result using mail (@code{gnus-uu-digest-mail-forward}). This command | |
6405 | uses the process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
6406 | ||
6407 | @item S M-c | |
6408 | @kindex S M-c (Summary) | |
6409 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-crosspost-complaint | |
6410 | @cindex crossposting | |
6411 | @cindex excessive crossposting | |
6412 | Send a complaint about excessive crossposting to the author of the | |
6413 | current article (@code{gnus-summary-mail-crosspost-complaint}). | |
6414 | ||
6415 | @findex gnus-crosspost-complaint | |
6416 | This command is provided as a way to fight back against the current | |
6417 | crossposting pandemic that's sweeping Usenet. It will compose a reply | |
6418 | using the @code{gnus-crosspost-complaint} variable as a preamble. This | |
6419 | command understands the process/prefix convention | |
6420 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}) and will prompt you before sending each mail. | |
6421 | ||
6422 | @end table | |
6423 | ||
6424 | Also @xref{Header Commands, ,Header Commands, message, The Message | |
6425 | Manual}, for more information. | |
6426 | ||
6427 | ||
6428 | @node Summary Post Commands | |
6429 | @subsection Summary Post Commands | |
6430 | @cindex post | |
6431 | @cindex composing news | |
6432 | ||
6433 | Commands for posting a news article: | |
6434 | ||
6435 | @table @kbd | |
6436 | @item S p | |
6437 | @itemx a | |
6438 | @kindex a (Summary) | |
6439 | @kindex S p (Summary) | |
6440 | @findex gnus-summary-post-news | |
6441 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-post-news} | |
6442 | Prepare for posting an article (@code{gnus-summary-post-news}). By | |
6443 | default, post to the current group. If given a prefix, disable that. | |
6444 | If the prefix is 1, prompt for another group instead. | |
6445 | ||
6446 | @item S f | |
6447 | @itemx f | |
6448 | @kindex f (Summary) | |
6449 | @kindex S f (Summary) | |
6450 | @findex gnus-summary-followup | |
6451 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-followup} | |
6452 | Post a followup to the current article (@code{gnus-summary-followup}). | |
6453 | ||
6454 | @item S F | |
6455 | @itemx F | |
6456 | @kindex S F (Summary) | |
6457 | @kindex F (Summary) | |
6458 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-followup-with-original} | |
6459 | @findex gnus-summary-followup-with-original | |
6460 | Post a followup to the current article and include the original message | |
6461 | (@code{gnus-summary-followup-with-original}). This command uses the | |
6462 | process/prefix convention. | |
6463 | ||
6464 | @item S n | |
6465 | @kindex S n (Summary) | |
6466 | @findex gnus-summary-followup-to-mail | |
6467 | Post a followup to the current article via news, even if you got the | |
6468 | message through mail (@code{gnus-summary-followup-to-mail}). | |
6469 | ||
6470 | @item S N | |
6471 | @kindex S N (Summary) | |
6472 | @findex gnus-summary-followup-to-mail-with-original | |
6473 | Post a followup to the current article via news, even if you got the | |
6474 | message through mail and include the original message | |
6475 | (@code{gnus-summary-followup-to-mail-with-original}). This command uses | |
6476 | the process/prefix convention. | |
6477 | ||
6478 | @item S o p | |
6479 | @kindex S o p (Summary) | |
6480 | @findex gnus-summary-post-forward | |
6481 | Forward the current article to a newsgroup | |
6482 | (@code{gnus-summary-post-forward}). | |
6483 | If no prefix is given, the message is forwarded according to the value | |
6484 | of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}) and | |
6485 | (@code{message-forward-show-mml}); if the prefix is 1, decode the | |
6486 | message and forward directly inline; if the prefix is 2, forward message | |
6487 | as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 3, decode message and | |
6488 | forward as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 4, forward message | |
6489 | directly inline; otherwise, the message is forwarded as no prefix given | |
6490 | but use the flipped value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}). By | |
6491 | default, the message is decoded and forwarded as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section. | |
6492 | ||
6493 | @item S O p | |
6494 | @kindex S O p (Summary) | |
6495 | @findex gnus-uu-digest-post-forward | |
6496 | @cindex digests | |
6497 | @cindex making digests | |
6498 | Digest the current series and forward the result to a newsgroup | |
6499 | (@code{gnus-uu-digest-post-forward}). This command uses the | |
6500 | process/prefix convention. | |
6501 | ||
6502 | @item S u | |
6503 | @kindex S u (Summary) | |
6504 | @findex gnus-uu-post-news | |
6505 | @c @icon{gnus-uu-post-news} | |
6506 | Uuencode a file, split it into parts, and post it as a series | |
6507 | (@code{gnus-uu-post-news}). (@pxref{Uuencoding and Posting}). | |
6508 | @end table | |
6509 | ||
6510 | Also @xref{Header Commands, ,Header Commands, message, The Message | |
6511 | Manual}, for more information. | |
6512 | ||
6513 | ||
6514 | @node Summary Message Commands | |
6515 | @subsection Summary Message Commands | |
6516 | ||
6517 | @table @kbd | |
6518 | @item S y | |
6519 | @kindex S y (Summary) | |
6520 | @findex gnus-summary-yank-message | |
6521 | Yank the current article into an already existing Message composition | |
6522 | buffer (@code{gnus-summary-yank-message}). This command prompts for | |
6523 | what message buffer you want to yank into, and understands the | |
6524 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
6525 | ||
6526 | @end table | |
6527 | ||
6528 | ||
6529 | @node Canceling and Superseding | |
6530 | @subsection Canceling Articles | |
6531 | @cindex canceling articles | |
6532 | @cindex superseding articles | |
6533 | ||
6534 | Have you ever written something, and then decided that you really, | |
6535 | really, really wish you hadn't posted that? | |
6536 | ||
6537 | Well, you can't cancel mail, but you can cancel posts. | |
6538 | ||
6539 | @findex gnus-summary-cancel-article | |
6540 | @kindex C (Summary) | |
6541 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-cancel-article} | |
6542 | Find the article you wish to cancel (you can only cancel your own | |
6543 | articles, so don't try any funny stuff). Then press @kbd{C} or @kbd{S | |
6544 | c} (@code{gnus-summary-cancel-article}). Your article will be | |
6545 | canceled---machines all over the world will be deleting your article. | |
6546 | This command uses the process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
6547 | ||
6548 | Be aware, however, that not all sites honor cancels, so your article may | |
6549 | live on here and there, while most sites will delete the article in | |
6550 | question. | |
6551 | ||
6552 | Gnus will use the ``current'' select method when canceling. If you | |
6553 | want to use the standard posting method, use the @samp{a} symbolic | |
6554 | prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}). | |
6555 | ||
6556 | Gnus ensures that only you can cancel your own messages using a | |
6557 | @code{Cancel-Lock} header (@pxref{Canceling News, Canceling News, , | |
6558 | message, Message Manual}). | |
6559 | ||
6560 | If you discover that you have made some mistakes and want to do some | |
6561 | corrections, you can post a @dfn{superseding} article that will replace | |
6562 | your original article. | |
6563 | ||
6564 | @findex gnus-summary-supersede-article | |
6565 | @kindex S (Summary) | |
6566 | Go to the original article and press @kbd{S s} | |
6567 | (@code{gnus-summary-supersede-article}). You will be put in a buffer | |
6568 | where you can edit the article all you want before sending it off the | |
6569 | usual way. | |
6570 | ||
6571 | The same goes for superseding as for canceling, only more so: Some | |
6572 | sites do not honor superseding. On those sites, it will appear that you | |
6573 | have posted almost the same article twice. | |
6574 | ||
6575 | If you have just posted the article, and change your mind right away, | |
6576 | there is a trick you can use to cancel/supersede the article without | |
6577 | waiting for the article to appear on your site first. You simply return | |
6578 | to the post buffer (which is called @code{*sent ...*}). There you will | |
6579 | find the article you just posted, with all the headers intact. Change | |
6580 | the @code{Message-ID} header to a @code{Cancel} or @code{Supersedes} | |
6581 | header by substituting one of those words for the word | |
6582 | @code{Message-ID}. Then just press @kbd{C-c C-c} to send the article as | |
6583 | you would do normally. The previous article will be | |
6584 | canceled/superseded. | |
6585 | ||
6586 | Just remember, kids: There is no 'c' in 'supersede'. | |
6587 | ||
6588 | @node Delayed Articles | |
6589 | @section Delayed Articles | |
6590 | @cindex delayed sending | |
6591 | @cindex send delayed | |
6592 | ||
6593 | Sometimes, you might wish to delay the sending of a message. For | |
6594 | example, you might wish to arrange for a message to turn up just in time | |
6595 | to remind your about the birthday of your Significant Other. For this, | |
6596 | there is the @code{gnus-delay} package. Setup is simple: | |
6597 | ||
6598 | @lisp | |
6599 | (gnus-delay-initialize) | |
6600 | @end lisp | |
6601 | ||
6602 | @findex gnus-delay-article | |
6603 | Normally, to send a message you use the @kbd{C-c C-c} command from | |
6604 | Message mode. To delay a message, use @kbd{C-c C-j} | |
6605 | (@code{gnus-delay-article}) instead. This will ask you for how long the | |
6606 | message should be delayed. Possible answers are: | |
6607 | ||
6608 | @itemize @bullet | |
6609 | @item | |
6610 | A time span. Consists of an integer and a letter. For example, | |
6611 | @code{42d} means to delay for 42 days. Available letters are @code{m} | |
6612 | (minutes), @code{h} (hours), @code{d} (days), @code{w} (weeks), @code{M} | |
6613 | (months) and @code{Y} (years). | |
6614 | ||
6615 | @item | |
6616 | A specific date. Looks like @code{YYYY-MM-DD}. The message will be | |
6617 | delayed until that day, at a specific time (eight o'clock by default). | |
6618 | See also @code{gnus-delay-default-hour}. | |
6619 | ||
6620 | @item | |
6621 | A specific time of day. Given in @code{hh:mm} format, 24h, no am/pm | |
6622 | stuff. The deadline will be at that time today, except if that time has | |
6623 | already passed, then it's at the given time tomorrow. So if it's ten | |
6624 | o'clock in the morning and you specify @code{11:15}, then the deadline | |
6625 | is one hour and fifteen minutes hence. But if you specify @code{9:20}, | |
6626 | that means a time tomorrow. | |
6627 | @end itemize | |
6628 | ||
6629 | The action of the @code{gnus-delay-article} command is influenced by a | |
6630 | couple of variables: | |
6631 | ||
6632 | @table @code | |
6633 | @item gnus-delay-default-hour | |
6634 | @vindex gnus-delay-default-hour | |
6635 | When you specify a specific date, the message will be due on that hour | |
6636 | on the given date. Possible values are integers 0 through 23. | |
6637 | ||
6638 | @item gnus-delay-default-delay | |
6639 | @vindex gnus-delay-default-delay | |
6640 | This is a string and gives the default delay. It can be of any of the | |
6641 | formats described above. | |
6642 | ||
6643 | @item gnus-delay-group | |
6644 | @vindex gnus-delay-group | |
6645 | Delayed articles will be kept in this group on the drafts server until | |
6646 | they are due. You probably don't need to change this. The default | |
6647 | value is @code{"delayed"}. | |
6648 | ||
6649 | @item gnus-delay-header | |
6650 | @vindex gnus-delay-header | |
6651 | The deadline for each article will be stored in a header. This variable | |
6652 | is a string and gives the header name. You probably don't need to | |
6653 | change this. The default value is @code{"X-Gnus-Delayed"}. | |
6654 | @end table | |
6655 | ||
6656 | The way delaying works is like this: when you use the | |
6657 | @code{gnus-delay-article} command, you give a certain delay. Gnus | |
6658 | calculates the deadline of the message and stores it in the | |
6659 | @code{X-Gnus-Delayed} header and puts the message in the | |
6660 | @code{nndraft:delayed} group. | |
6661 | ||
6662 | @findex gnus-delay-send-queue | |
6663 | And whenever you get new news, Gnus looks through the group for articles | |
6664 | which are due and sends them. It uses the @code{gnus-delay-send-queue} | |
6665 | function for this. By default, this function is added to the hook | |
6666 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook}. But of course, you can change this. | |
6667 | Maybe you want to use the demon to send drafts? Just tell the demon to | |
6668 | execute the @code{gnus-delay-send-queue} function. | |
6669 | ||
6670 | @table @code | |
6671 | @item gnus-delay-initialize | |
6672 | @findex gnus-delay-initialize | |
6673 | By default, this function installs @code{gnus-delay-send-queue} in | |
6674 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook}. But it accepts the optional second | |
6675 | argument @code{no-check}. If it is non-@code{nil}, | |
6676 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook} is not changed. The optional first | |
6677 | argument is ignored. | |
6678 | ||
6679 | For example, @code{(gnus-delay-initialize nil t)} means to do nothing. | |
6680 | Presumably, you want to use the demon for sending due delayed articles. | |
6681 | Just don't forget to set that up :-) | |
6682 | @end table | |
6683 | ||
e7842e69 KY |
6684 | When delaying an article with @kbd{C-c C-j}, Message mode will |
6685 | automatically add a @code{"Date"} header with the current time. In | |
6686 | many cases you probably want the @code{"Date"} header to reflect the | |
6687 | time the message is sent instead. To do this, you have to delete | |
6688 | @code{Date} from @code{message-draft-headers}. | |
6689 | ||
4009494e GM |
6690 | |
6691 | @node Marking Articles | |
6692 | @section Marking Articles | |
6693 | @cindex article marking | |
6694 | @cindex article ticking | |
6695 | @cindex marks | |
6696 | ||
6697 | There are several marks you can set on an article. | |
6698 | ||
6699 | You have marks that decide the @dfn{readedness} (whoo, neato-keano | |
6700 | neologism ohoy!) of the article. Alphabetic marks generally mean | |
6701 | @dfn{read}, while non-alphabetic characters generally mean @dfn{unread}. | |
6702 | ||
6703 | In addition, you also have marks that do not affect readedness. | |
6704 | ||
6705 | @ifinfo | |
6706 | There's a plethora of commands for manipulating these marks. | |
6707 | @end ifinfo | |
6708 | ||
6709 | @menu | |
6710 | * Unread Articles:: Marks for unread articles. | |
6711 | * Read Articles:: Marks for read articles. | |
6712 | * Other Marks:: Marks that do not affect readedness. | |
6713 | * Setting Marks:: How to set and remove marks. | |
6714 | * Generic Marking Commands:: How to customize the marking. | |
6715 | * Setting Process Marks:: How to mark articles for later processing. | |
6716 | @end menu | |
6717 | ||
6718 | ||
6719 | @node Unread Articles | |
6720 | @subsection Unread Articles | |
6721 | ||
6722 | The following marks mark articles as (kinda) unread, in one form or | |
6723 | other. | |
6724 | ||
6725 | @table @samp | |
6726 | @item ! | |
6727 | @vindex gnus-ticked-mark | |
6728 | Marked as ticked (@code{gnus-ticked-mark}). | |
6729 | ||
6730 | @dfn{Ticked articles} are articles that will remain visible always. If | |
6731 | you see an article that you find interesting, or you want to put off | |
6732 | reading it, or replying to it, until sometime later, you'd typically | |
6733 | tick it. However, articles can be expired (from news servers by the | |
6734 | news server software, Gnus itself never expires ticked messages), so if | |
6735 | you want to keep an article forever, you'll have to make it persistent | |
6736 | (@pxref{Persistent Articles}). | |
6737 | ||
6738 | @item ? | |
6739 | @vindex gnus-dormant-mark | |
6740 | Marked as dormant (@code{gnus-dormant-mark}). | |
6741 | ||
6742 | @dfn{Dormant articles} will only appear in the summary buffer if there | |
6743 | are followups to it. If you want to see them even if they don't have | |
6744 | followups, you can use the @kbd{/ D} command (@pxref{Limiting}). | |
6745 | Otherwise (except for the visibility issue), they are just like ticked | |
6746 | messages. | |
6747 | ||
6748 | @item SPACE | |
6749 | @vindex gnus-unread-mark | |
6750 | Marked as unread (@code{gnus-unread-mark}). | |
6751 | ||
6752 | @dfn{Unread articles} are articles that haven't been read at all yet. | |
6753 | @end table | |
6754 | ||
6755 | ||
6756 | @node Read Articles | |
6757 | @subsection Read Articles | |
6758 | @cindex expirable mark | |
6759 | ||
6760 | All the following marks mark articles as read. | |
6761 | ||
6762 | @table @samp | |
6763 | ||
6764 | @item r | |
6765 | @vindex gnus-del-mark | |
6766 | These are articles that the user has marked as read with the @kbd{d} | |
6767 | command manually, more or less (@code{gnus-del-mark}). | |
6768 | ||
6769 | @item R | |
6770 | @vindex gnus-read-mark | |
6771 | Articles that have actually been read (@code{gnus-read-mark}). | |
6772 | ||
6773 | @item O | |
6774 | @vindex gnus-ancient-mark | |
6775 | Articles that were marked as read in previous sessions and are now | |
6776 | @dfn{old} (@code{gnus-ancient-mark}). | |
6777 | ||
6778 | @item K | |
6779 | @vindex gnus-killed-mark | |
6780 | Marked as killed (@code{gnus-killed-mark}). | |
6781 | ||
6782 | @item X | |
6783 | @vindex gnus-kill-file-mark | |
6784 | Marked as killed by kill files (@code{gnus-kill-file-mark}). | |
6785 | ||
6786 | @item Y | |
6787 | @vindex gnus-low-score-mark | |
6788 | Marked as read by having too low a score (@code{gnus-low-score-mark}). | |
6789 | ||
6790 | @item C | |
6791 | @vindex gnus-catchup-mark | |
6792 | Marked as read by a catchup (@code{gnus-catchup-mark}). | |
6793 | ||
6794 | @item G | |
6795 | @vindex gnus-canceled-mark | |
6796 | Canceled article (@code{gnus-canceled-mark}) | |
6797 | ||
4009494e GM |
6798 | @item Q |
6799 | @vindex gnus-sparse-mark | |
6800 | Sparsely reffed article (@code{gnus-sparse-mark}). @xref{Customizing | |
6801 | Threading}. | |
6802 | ||
6803 | @item M | |
6804 | @vindex gnus-duplicate-mark | |
6805 | Article marked as read by duplicate suppression | |
6806 | (@code{gnus-duplicate-mark}). @xref{Duplicate Suppression}. | |
6807 | ||
6808 | @end table | |
6809 | ||
6810 | All these marks just mean that the article is marked as read, really. | |
6811 | They are interpreted differently when doing adaptive scoring, though. | |
6812 | ||
6813 | One more special mark, though: | |
6814 | ||
6815 | @table @samp | |
6816 | @item E | |
6817 | @vindex gnus-expirable-mark | |
6818 | Marked as expirable (@code{gnus-expirable-mark}). | |
6819 | ||
6820 | Marking articles as @dfn{expirable} (or have them marked as such | |
6821 | automatically) doesn't make much sense in normal groups---a user doesn't | |
6822 | control expiring of news articles, but in mail groups, for instance, | |
6823 | articles marked as @dfn{expirable} can be deleted by Gnus at | |
6824 | any time. | |
6825 | @end table | |
6826 | ||
6827 | ||
6828 | @node Other Marks | |
6829 | @subsection Other Marks | |
6830 | @cindex process mark | |
6831 | @cindex bookmarks | |
6832 | ||
6833 | There are some marks that have nothing to do with whether the article is | |
6834 | read or not. | |
6835 | ||
6836 | @itemize @bullet | |
6837 | ||
6838 | @item | |
6839 | You can set a bookmark in the current article. Say you are reading a | |
6840 | long thesis on cats' urinary tracts, and have to go home for dinner | |
6841 | before you've finished reading the thesis. You can then set a bookmark | |
6842 | in the article, and Gnus will jump to this bookmark the next time it | |
6843 | encounters the article. @xref{Setting Marks}. | |
6844 | ||
6845 | @item | |
6846 | @vindex gnus-replied-mark | |
6847 | All articles that you have replied to or made a followup to (i.e., have | |
6848 | answered) will be marked with an @samp{A} in the second column | |
6849 | (@code{gnus-replied-mark}). | |
6850 | ||
6851 | @item | |
6852 | @vindex gnus-forwarded-mark | |
6853 | All articles that you have forwarded will be marked with an @samp{F} in | |
6854 | the second column (@code{gnus-forwarded-mark}). | |
6855 | ||
6856 | @item | |
6857 | @vindex gnus-cached-mark | |
6858 | Articles stored in the article cache will be marked with an @samp{*} in | |
6859 | the second column (@code{gnus-cached-mark}). @xref{Article Caching}. | |
6860 | ||
6861 | @item | |
6862 | @vindex gnus-saved-mark | |
6863 | Articles ``saved'' (in some manner or other; not necessarily | |
6864 | religiously) are marked with an @samp{S} in the second column | |
6865 | (@code{gnus-saved-mark}). | |
6866 | ||
6867 | @item | |
6868 | @vindex gnus-recent-mark | |
6869 | Articles that according to the server haven't been shown to the user | |
6870 | before are marked with a @samp{N} in the second column | |
6871 | (@code{gnus-recent-mark}). Note that not all servers support this | |
6872 | mark, in which case it simply never appears. Compare with | |
6873 | @code{gnus-unseen-mark}. | |
6874 | ||
6875 | @item | |
6876 | @vindex gnus-unseen-mark | |
6877 | Articles that haven't been seen before in Gnus by the user are marked | |
6878 | with a @samp{.} in the second column (@code{gnus-unseen-mark}). | |
6879 | Compare with @code{gnus-recent-mark}. | |
6880 | ||
6881 | @item | |
6882 | @vindex gnus-downloaded-mark | |
6883 | When using the Gnus agent (@pxref{Agent Basics}), articles may be | |
6884 | downloaded for unplugged (offline) viewing. If you are using the | |
6885 | @samp{%O} spec, these articles get the @samp{+} mark in that spec. | |
6886 | (The variable @code{gnus-downloaded-mark} controls which character to | |
6887 | use.) | |
6888 | ||
6889 | @item | |
6890 | @vindex gnus-undownloaded-mark | |
6891 | When using the Gnus agent (@pxref{Agent Basics}), some articles might | |
6892 | not have been downloaded. Such articles cannot be viewed while you | |
6893 | are unplugged (offline). If you are using the @samp{%O} spec, these | |
6894 | articles get the @samp{-} mark in that spec. (The variable | |
6895 | @code{gnus-undownloaded-mark} controls which character to use.) | |
6896 | ||
6897 | @item | |
6898 | @vindex gnus-downloadable-mark | |
6899 | The Gnus agent (@pxref{Agent Basics}) downloads some articles | |
6900 | automatically, but it is also possible to explicitly mark articles for | |
6901 | download, even if they would not be downloaded automatically. Such | |
6902 | explicitly-marked articles get the @samp{%} mark in the first column. | |
6903 | (The variable @code{gnus-downloadable-mark} controls which character to | |
6904 | use.) | |
6905 | ||
6906 | @item | |
6907 | @vindex gnus-not-empty-thread-mark | |
6908 | @vindex gnus-empty-thread-mark | |
6909 | If the @samp{%e} spec is used, the presence of threads or not will be | |
6910 | marked with @code{gnus-not-empty-thread-mark} and | |
6911 | @code{gnus-empty-thread-mark} in the third column, respectively. | |
6912 | ||
6913 | @item | |
6914 | @vindex gnus-process-mark | |
6915 | Finally we have the @dfn{process mark} (@code{gnus-process-mark}). A | |
6916 | variety of commands react to the presence of the process mark. For | |
6917 | instance, @kbd{X u} (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu}) will uudecode and view | |
6918 | all articles that have been marked with the process mark. Articles | |
6919 | marked with the process mark have a @samp{#} in the second column. | |
6920 | ||
6921 | @end itemize | |
6922 | ||
6923 | You might have noticed that most of these ``non-readedness'' marks | |
6924 | appear in the second column by default. So if you have a cached, saved, | |
6925 | replied article that you have process-marked, what will that look like? | |
6926 | ||
6927 | Nothing much. The precedence rules go as follows: process -> cache -> | |
6928 | replied -> saved. So if the article is in the cache and is replied, | |
6929 | you'll only see the cache mark and not the replied mark. | |
6930 | ||
6931 | ||
6932 | @node Setting Marks | |
6933 | @subsection Setting Marks | |
6934 | @cindex setting marks | |
6935 | ||
6936 | All the marking commands understand the numeric prefix. | |
6937 | ||
6938 | @table @kbd | |
6939 | @item M c | |
6940 | @itemx M-u | |
6941 | @kindex M c (Summary) | |
6942 | @kindex M-u (Summary) | |
6943 | @findex gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward | |
6944 | @cindex mark as unread | |
6945 | Clear all readedness-marks from the current article | |
6946 | (@code{gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward}). In other words, mark the | |
6947 | article as unread. | |
6948 | ||
6949 | @item M t | |
6950 | @itemx ! | |
6951 | @kindex ! (Summary) | |
6952 | @kindex M t (Summary) | |
6953 | @findex gnus-summary-tick-article-forward | |
6954 | Tick the current article (@code{gnus-summary-tick-article-forward}). | |
6955 | @xref{Article Caching}. | |
6956 | ||
6957 | @item M ? | |
6958 | @itemx ? | |
6959 | @kindex ? (Summary) | |
6960 | @kindex M ? (Summary) | |
6961 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant | |
6962 | Mark the current article as dormant | |
6963 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant}). @xref{Article Caching}. | |
6964 | ||
6965 | @item M d | |
6966 | @itemx d | |
6967 | @kindex M d (Summary) | |
6968 | @kindex d (Summary) | |
6969 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward | |
6970 | Mark the current article as read | |
6971 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward}). | |
6972 | ||
6973 | @item D | |
6974 | @kindex D (Summary) | |
6975 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward | |
6976 | Mark the current article as read and move point to the previous line | |
6977 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward}). | |
6978 | ||
6979 | @item M k | |
6980 | @itemx k | |
6981 | @kindex k (Summary) | |
6982 | @kindex M k (Summary) | |
6983 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select | |
6984 | Mark all articles that have the same subject as the current one as read, | |
6985 | and then select the next unread article | |
6986 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select}). | |
6987 | ||
6988 | @item M K | |
6989 | @itemx C-k | |
6990 | @kindex M K (Summary) | |
6991 | @kindex C-k (Summary) | |
6992 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-same-subject | |
6993 | Mark all articles that have the same subject as the current one as read | |
6994 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-same-subject}). | |
6995 | ||
6996 | @item M C | |
6997 | @kindex M C (Summary) | |
6998 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup | |
6999 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-catchup} | |
7000 | Mark all unread articles as read (@code{gnus-summary-catchup}). | |
7001 | ||
7002 | @item M C-c | |
7003 | @kindex M C-c (Summary) | |
7004 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-all | |
7005 | Mark all articles in the group as read---even the ticked and dormant | |
7006 | articles (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-all}). | |
7007 | ||
7008 | @item M H | |
7009 | @kindex M H (Summary) | |
7010 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-to-here | |
7011 | Catchup the current group to point (before the point) | |
7012 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-to-here}). | |
7013 | ||
7014 | @item M h | |
7015 | @kindex M h (Summary) | |
7016 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-from-here | |
7017 | Catchup the current group from point (after the point) | |
7018 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-from-here}). | |
7019 | ||
7020 | @item C-w | |
7021 | @kindex C-w (Summary) | |
7022 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-region-as-read | |
7023 | Mark all articles between point and mark as read | |
7024 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-region-as-read}). | |
7025 | ||
7026 | @item M V k | |
7027 | @kindex M V k (Summary) | |
7028 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-below | |
7029 | Kill all articles with scores below the default score (or below the | |
7030 | numeric prefix) (@code{gnus-summary-kill-below}). | |
7031 | ||
7032 | @item M e | |
7033 | @itemx E | |
7034 | @kindex M e (Summary) | |
7035 | @kindex E (Summary) | |
7036 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable | |
7037 | Mark the current article as expirable | |
7038 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable}). | |
7039 | ||
7040 | @item M b | |
7041 | @kindex M b (Summary) | |
7042 | @findex gnus-summary-set-bookmark | |
7043 | Set a bookmark in the current article | |
7044 | (@code{gnus-summary-set-bookmark}). | |
7045 | ||
7046 | @item M B | |
7047 | @kindex M B (Summary) | |
7048 | @findex gnus-summary-remove-bookmark | |
7049 | Remove the bookmark from the current article | |
7050 | (@code{gnus-summary-remove-bookmark}). | |
7051 | ||
7052 | @item M V c | |
7053 | @kindex M V c (Summary) | |
7054 | @findex gnus-summary-clear-above | |
7055 | Clear all marks from articles with scores over the default score (or | |
7056 | over the numeric prefix) (@code{gnus-summary-clear-above}). | |
7057 | ||
7058 | @item M V u | |
7059 | @kindex M V u (Summary) | |
7060 | @findex gnus-summary-tick-above | |
7061 | Tick all articles with scores over the default score (or over the | |
7062 | numeric prefix) (@code{gnus-summary-tick-above}). | |
7063 | ||
7064 | @item M V m | |
7065 | @kindex M V m (Summary) | |
7066 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-above | |
7067 | Prompt for a mark, and mark all articles with scores over the default | |
7068 | score (or over the numeric prefix) with this mark | |
7069 | (@code{gnus-summary-clear-above}). | |
7070 | @end table | |
7071 | ||
7072 | @vindex gnus-summary-goto-unread | |
7073 | The @code{gnus-summary-goto-unread} variable controls what action should | |
7074 | be taken after setting a mark. If non-@code{nil}, point will move to | |
7075 | the next/previous unread article. If @code{nil}, point will just move | |
7076 | one line up or down. As a special case, if this variable is | |
7077 | @code{never}, all the marking commands as well as other commands (like | |
7078 | @kbd{SPACE}) will move to the next article, whether it is unread or not. | |
7079 | The default is @code{t}. | |
7080 | ||
7081 | ||
7082 | @node Generic Marking Commands | |
7083 | @subsection Generic Marking Commands | |
7084 | ||
7085 | Some people would like the command that ticks an article (@kbd{!}) go to | |
7086 | the next article. Others would like it to go to the next unread | |
7087 | article. Yet others would like it to stay on the current article. And | |
7088 | even though I haven't heard of anybody wanting it to go to the | |
7089 | previous (unread) article, I'm sure there are people that want that as | |
7090 | well. | |
7091 | ||
7092 | Multiply these five behaviors with five different marking commands, and | |
7093 | you get a potentially complex set of variable to control what each | |
7094 | command should do. | |
7095 | ||
7096 | To sidestep that mess, Gnus provides commands that do all these | |
7097 | different things. They can be found on the @kbd{M M} map in the summary | |
7098 | buffer. Type @kbd{M M C-h} to see them all---there are too many of them | |
7099 | to list in this manual. | |
7100 | ||
7101 | While you can use these commands directly, most users would prefer | |
7102 | altering the summary mode keymap. For instance, if you would like the | |
7103 | @kbd{!} command to go to the next article instead of the next unread | |
7104 | article, you could say something like: | |
7105 | ||
7106 | @lisp | |
7107 | @group | |
7108 | (add-hook 'gnus-summary-mode-hook 'my-alter-summary-map) | |
7109 | (defun my-alter-summary-map () | |
7110 | (local-set-key "!" 'gnus-summary-put-mark-as-ticked-next)) | |
7111 | @end group | |
7112 | @end lisp | |
7113 | ||
7114 | @noindent | |
7115 | or | |
7116 | ||
7117 | @lisp | |
7118 | (defun my-alter-summary-map () | |
7119 | (local-set-key "!" "MM!n")) | |
7120 | @end lisp | |
7121 | ||
7122 | ||
7123 | @node Setting Process Marks | |
7124 | @subsection Setting Process Marks | |
7125 | @cindex setting process marks | |
7126 | ||
7127 | Process marks are displayed as @code{#} in the summary buffer, and are | |
7128 | used for marking articles in such a way that other commands will | |
7129 | process these articles. For instance, if you process mark four | |
7130 | articles and then use the @kbd{*} command, Gnus will enter these four | |
7131 | articles into the cache. For more information, | |
7132 | @pxref{Process/Prefix}. | |
7133 | ||
7134 | @table @kbd | |
7135 | ||
7136 | @item M P p | |
7137 | @itemx # | |
7138 | @kindex # (Summary) | |
7139 | @kindex M P p (Summary) | |
7140 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-processable | |
7141 | Mark the current article with the process mark | |
7142 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-processable}). | |
7143 | @findex gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable | |
7144 | ||
7145 | @item M P u | |
7146 | @itemx M-# | |
7147 | @kindex M P u (Summary) | |
7148 | @kindex M-# (Summary) | |
7149 | Remove the process mark, if any, from the current article | |
7150 | (@code{gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable}). | |
7151 | ||
7152 | @item M P U | |
7153 | @kindex M P U (Summary) | |
7154 | @findex gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable | |
7155 | Remove the process mark from all articles | |
7156 | (@code{gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable}). | |
7157 | ||
7158 | @item M P i | |
7159 | @kindex M P i (Summary) | |
7160 | @findex gnus-uu-invert-processable | |
7161 | Invert the list of process marked articles | |
7162 | (@code{gnus-uu-invert-processable}). | |
7163 | ||
7164 | @item M P R | |
7165 | @kindex M P R (Summary) | |
7166 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-by-regexp | |
7167 | Mark articles that have a @code{Subject} header that matches a regular | |
7168 | expression (@code{gnus-uu-mark-by-regexp}). | |
7169 | ||
7170 | @item M P G | |
7171 | @kindex M P G (Summary) | |
7172 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-by-regexp | |
7173 | Unmark articles that have a @code{Subject} header that matches a regular | |
7174 | expression (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-by-regexp}). | |
7175 | ||
7176 | @item M P r | |
7177 | @kindex M P r (Summary) | |
7178 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-region | |
7179 | Mark articles in region (@code{gnus-uu-mark-region}). | |
7180 | ||
7181 | @item M P g | |
7182 | @kindex M P g (Summary) | |
7183 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-region | |
7184 | Unmark articles in region (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-region}). | |
7185 | ||
7186 | @item M P t | |
7187 | @kindex M P t (Summary) | |
7188 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-thread | |
7189 | Mark all articles in the current (sub)thread | |
7190 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-thread}). | |
7191 | ||
7192 | @item M P T | |
7193 | @kindex M P T (Summary) | |
7194 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-thread | |
7195 | Unmark all articles in the current (sub)thread | |
7196 | (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-thread}). | |
7197 | ||
7198 | @item M P v | |
7199 | @kindex M P v (Summary) | |
7200 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-over | |
7201 | Mark all articles that have a score above the prefix argument | |
7202 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-over}). | |
7203 | ||
7204 | @item M P s | |
7205 | @kindex M P s (Summary) | |
7206 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-series | |
7207 | Mark all articles in the current series (@code{gnus-uu-mark-series}). | |
7208 | ||
7209 | @item M P S | |
7210 | @kindex M P S (Summary) | |
7211 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-sparse | |
7212 | Mark all series that have already had some articles marked | |
7213 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-sparse}). | |
7214 | ||
7215 | @item M P a | |
7216 | @kindex M P a (Summary) | |
7217 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-all | |
7218 | Mark all articles in series order (@code{gnus-uu-mark-all}). | |
7219 | ||
7220 | @item M P b | |
7221 | @kindex M P b (Summary) | |
7222 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-buffer | |
7223 | Mark all articles in the buffer in the order they appear | |
7224 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-buffer}). | |
7225 | ||
7226 | @item M P k | |
7227 | @kindex M P k (Summary) | |
7228 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-process-mark | |
7229 | Push the current process mark set onto the stack and unmark all articles | |
7230 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-process-mark}). | |
7231 | ||
7232 | @item M P y | |
7233 | @kindex M P y (Summary) | |
7234 | @findex gnus-summary-yank-process-mark | |
7235 | Pop the previous process mark set from the stack and restore it | |
7236 | (@code{gnus-summary-yank-process-mark}). | |
7237 | ||
7238 | @item M P w | |
7239 | @kindex M P w (Summary) | |
7240 | @findex gnus-summary-save-process-mark | |
7241 | Push the current process mark set onto the stack | |
7242 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-process-mark}). | |
7243 | ||
7244 | @end table | |
7245 | ||
7246 | Also see the @kbd{&} command in @ref{Searching for Articles}, for how to | |
7247 | set process marks based on article body contents. | |
7248 | ||
7249 | ||
7250 | @node Limiting | |
7251 | @section Limiting | |
7252 | @cindex limiting | |
7253 | ||
7254 | It can be convenient to limit the summary buffer to just show some | |
7255 | subset of the articles currently in the group. The effect most limit | |
7256 | commands have is to remove a few (or many) articles from the summary | |
7257 | buffer. | |
7258 | ||
26b9f88d MB |
7259 | Limiting commands work on subsets of the articles already fetched from |
7260 | the servers. These commands don't query the server for additional | |
7261 | articles. | |
4009494e GM |
7262 | |
7263 | @table @kbd | |
7264 | ||
7265 | @item / / | |
7266 | @itemx / s | |
7267 | @kindex / / (Summary) | |
7268 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-subject | |
7269 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some subject | |
7270 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-subject}). If given a prefix, exclude | |
7271 | matching articles. | |
7272 | ||
7273 | @item / a | |
7274 | @kindex / a (Summary) | |
7275 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-author | |
7276 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some author | |
7277 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-author}). If given a prefix, exclude | |
7278 | matching articles. | |
7279 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
7280 | @item / R |
7281 | @kindex / R (Summary) | |
7282 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-recipient | |
7283 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some recipient | |
7284 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-recipient}). If given a prefix, exclude | |
7285 | matching articles. | |
7286 | ||
7287 | @item / A | |
7288 | @kindex / A (Summary) | |
7289 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-address | |
7290 | Limit the summary buffer to articles in which contents of From, To or Cc | |
7291 | header match a given address (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-address}). If | |
7292 | given a prefix, exclude matching articles. | |
7293 | ||
7294 | @item / S | |
7295 | @kindex / S (Summary) | |
7296 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-singletons | |
7297 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that aren't part of any displayed | |
7298 | threads (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-singletons}). If given a prefix, | |
7299 | limit to articles that are part of displayed threads. | |
7300 | ||
4009494e GM |
7301 | @item / x |
7302 | @kindex / x (Summary) | |
7303 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-extra | |
7304 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match one of the ``extra'' | |
7305 | headers (@pxref{To From Newsgroups}) | |
7306 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-extra}). If given a prefix, exclude | |
7307 | matching articles. | |
7308 | ||
7309 | @item / u | |
7310 | @itemx x | |
7311 | @kindex / u (Summary) | |
7312 | @kindex x (Summary) | |
7313 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-unread | |
7314 | Limit the summary buffer to articles not marked as read | |
7315 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-unread}). If given a prefix, limit the | |
7316 | buffer to articles strictly unread. This means that ticked and | |
7317 | dormant articles will also be excluded. | |
7318 | ||
7319 | @item / m | |
7320 | @kindex / m (Summary) | |
7321 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-marks | |
7322 | Ask for a mark and then limit to all articles that have been marked | |
7323 | with that mark (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-marks}). | |
7324 | ||
7325 | @item / t | |
7326 | @kindex / t (Summary) | |
7327 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-age | |
7328 | Ask for a number and then limit the summary buffer to articles older than (or equal to) that number of days | |
7329 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-age}). If given a prefix, limit to | |
7330 | articles younger than that number of days. | |
7331 | ||
7332 | @item / n | |
7333 | @kindex / n (Summary) | |
7334 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-articles | |
7335 | With prefix @samp{n}, limit the summary buffer to the next @samp{n} | |
7336 | articles. If not given a prefix, use the process marked articles | |
7337 | instead. (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-articles}). | |
7338 | ||
7339 | @item / w | |
7340 | @kindex / w (Summary) | |
7341 | @findex gnus-summary-pop-limit | |
7342 | Pop the previous limit off the stack and restore it | |
7343 | (@code{gnus-summary-pop-limit}). If given a prefix, pop all limits off | |
7344 | the stack. | |
7345 | ||
7346 | @item / . | |
7347 | @kindex / . (Summary) | |
7348 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-unseen | |
7349 | Limit the summary buffer to the unseen articles | |
7350 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-unseen}). | |
7351 | ||
7352 | @item / v | |
7353 | @kindex / v (Summary) | |
7354 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-score | |
7355 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that have a score at or above some | |
7356 | score (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-score}). | |
7357 | ||
7358 | @item / p | |
7359 | @kindex / p (Summary) | |
7360 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-display-predicate | |
7361 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that satisfy the @code{display} | |
7362 | group parameter predicate | |
7363 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-display-predicate}). @xref{Group | |
7364 | Parameters}, for more on this predicate. | |
7365 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
7366 | @item / r |
7367 | @kindex / r (Summary) | |
7368 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-replied | |
7369 | Limit the summary buffer to replied articles | |
7370 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-replied}). If given a prefix, exclude | |
7371 | replied articles. | |
7372 | ||
4009494e GM |
7373 | @item / E |
7374 | @itemx M S | |
7375 | @kindex M S (Summary) | |
7376 | @kindex / E (Summary) | |
7377 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-expunged | |
7378 | Include all expunged articles in the limit | |
7379 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-include-expunged}). | |
7380 | ||
7381 | @item / D | |
7382 | @kindex / D (Summary) | |
7383 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-dormant | |
7384 | Include all dormant articles in the limit | |
7385 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-include-dormant}). | |
7386 | ||
7387 | @item / * | |
7388 | @kindex / * (Summary) | |
7389 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-cached | |
7390 | Include all cached articles in the limit | |
7391 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-include-cached}). | |
7392 | ||
7393 | @item / d | |
7394 | @kindex / d (Summary) | |
7395 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-exclude-dormant | |
7396 | Exclude all dormant articles from the limit | |
7397 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-exclude-dormant}). | |
7398 | ||
7399 | @item / M | |
7400 | @kindex / M (Summary) | |
7401 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-exclude-marks | |
7402 | Exclude all marked articles (@code{gnus-summary-limit-exclude-marks}). | |
7403 | ||
7404 | @item / T | |
7405 | @kindex / T (Summary) | |
7406 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-thread | |
7407 | Include all the articles in the current thread in the limit. | |
7408 | ||
7409 | @item / c | |
7410 | @kindex / c (Summary) | |
7411 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-exclude-childless-dormant | |
7412 | Exclude all dormant articles that have no children from the limit@* | |
7413 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-exclude-childless-dormant}). | |
7414 | ||
7415 | @item / C | |
7416 | @kindex / C (Summary) | |
7417 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-mark-excluded-as-read | |
7418 | Mark all excluded unread articles as read | |
7419 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-mark-excluded-as-read}). If given a prefix, | |
7420 | also mark excluded ticked and dormant articles as read. | |
7421 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
7422 | @item / b |
7423 | @kindex / b (Summary) | |
7424 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-bodies | |
7425 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that have bodies that match a | |
7426 | certain regexp (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-bodies}). If given a | |
7427 | prefix, reverse the limit. This command is quite slow since it | |
7428 | requires selecting each article to find the matches. | |
7429 | ||
7430 | @item / h | |
7431 | @kindex / h (Summary) | |
7432 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-headers | |
7433 | Like the previous command, only limit to headers instead | |
7434 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-headers}). | |
7435 | ||
4009494e GM |
7436 | @end table |
7437 | ||
7438 | ||
26b9f88d MB |
7439 | The following commands aren't limiting commands, but use the @kbd{/} |
7440 | prefix as well. | |
7441 | ||
7442 | @table @kbd | |
7443 | @item / N | |
7444 | @kindex / N (Summary) | |
7445 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-new-articles | |
7446 | Insert all new articles in the summary buffer. It scans for new emails | |
7447 | if @var{back-end}@code{-get-new-mail} is non-@code{nil}. | |
7448 | ||
7449 | @item / o | |
7450 | @kindex / o (Summary) | |
7451 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-old-articles | |
7452 | Insert all old articles in the summary buffer. If given a numbered | |
7453 | prefix, fetch this number of articles. | |
7454 | ||
7455 | @end table | |
7456 | ||
7457 | ||
4009494e GM |
7458 | @node Threading |
7459 | @section Threading | |
7460 | @cindex threading | |
7461 | @cindex article threading | |
7462 | ||
7463 | Gnus threads articles by default. @dfn{To thread} is to put responses | |
7464 | to articles directly after the articles they respond to---in a | |
7465 | hierarchical fashion. | |
7466 | ||
7467 | Threading is done by looking at the @code{References} headers of the | |
7468 | articles. In a perfect world, this would be enough to build pretty | |
7469 | trees, but unfortunately, the @code{References} header is often broken | |
7470 | or simply missing. Weird news propagation exacerbates the problem, | |
7471 | so one has to employ other heuristics to get pleasing results. A | |
7472 | plethora of approaches exists, as detailed in horrible detail in | |
7473 | @ref{Customizing Threading}. | |
7474 | ||
7475 | First, a quick overview of the concepts: | |
7476 | ||
7477 | @table @dfn | |
7478 | @item root | |
7479 | The top-most article in a thread; the first article in the thread. | |
7480 | ||
7481 | @item thread | |
7482 | A tree-like article structure. | |
7483 | ||
7484 | @item sub-thread | |
7485 | A small(er) section of this tree-like structure. | |
7486 | ||
7487 | @item loose threads | |
7488 | Threads often lose their roots due to article expiry, or due to the root | |
7489 | already having been read in a previous session, and not displayed in the | |
7490 | summary buffer. We then typically have many sub-threads that really | |
7491 | belong to one thread, but are without connecting roots. These are | |
7492 | called loose threads. | |
7493 | ||
7494 | @item thread gathering | |
7495 | An attempt to gather loose threads into bigger threads. | |
7496 | ||
7497 | @item sparse threads | |
7498 | A thread where the missing articles have been ``guessed'' at, and are | |
7499 | displayed as empty lines in the summary buffer. | |
7500 | ||
7501 | @end table | |
7502 | ||
7503 | ||
7504 | @menu | |
7505 | * Customizing Threading:: Variables you can change to affect the threading. | |
7506 | * Thread Commands:: Thread based commands in the summary buffer. | |
7507 | @end menu | |
7508 | ||
7509 | ||
7510 | @node Customizing Threading | |
7511 | @subsection Customizing Threading | |
7512 | @cindex customizing threading | |
7513 | ||
7514 | @menu | |
7515 | * Loose Threads:: How Gnus gathers loose threads into bigger threads. | |
7516 | * Filling In Threads:: Making the threads displayed look fuller. | |
7517 | * More Threading:: Even more variables for fiddling with threads. | |
7518 | * Low-Level Threading:: You thought it was over@dots{} but you were wrong! | |
7519 | @end menu | |
7520 | ||
7521 | ||
7522 | @node Loose Threads | |
7523 | @subsubsection Loose Threads | |
7524 | @cindex < | |
7525 | @cindex > | |
7526 | @cindex loose threads | |
7527 | ||
7528 | @table @code | |
7529 | @item gnus-summary-make-false-root | |
7530 | @vindex gnus-summary-make-false-root | |
7531 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will gather all loose subtrees into one big tree | |
7532 | and create a dummy root at the top. (Wait a minute. Root at the top? | |
7533 | Yup.) Loose subtrees occur when the real root has expired, or you've | |
7534 | read or killed the root in a previous session. | |
7535 | ||
7536 | When there is no real root of a thread, Gnus will have to fudge | |
7537 | something. This variable says what fudging method Gnus should use. | |
7538 | There are four possible values: | |
7539 | ||
7540 | @iftex | |
7541 | @iflatex | |
7542 | \gnusfigure{The Summary Buffer}{390}{ | |
7543 | \put(0,0){\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-adopt,width=7.5cm}} | |
7544 | \put(445,0){\makebox(0,0)[br]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-empty,width=7.5cm}}} | |
7545 | \put(0,400){\makebox(0,0)[tl]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-none,width=7.5cm}}} | |
7546 | \put(445,400){\makebox(0,0)[tr]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-dummy,width=7.5cm}}} | |
7547 | } | |
7548 | @end iflatex | |
7549 | @end iftex | |
7550 | ||
7551 | @cindex adopting articles | |
7552 | ||
7553 | @table @code | |
7554 | ||
7555 | @item adopt | |
7556 | Gnus will make the first of the orphaned articles the parent. This | |
7557 | parent will adopt all the other articles. The adopted articles will be | |
7558 | marked as such by pointy brackets (@samp{<>}) instead of the standard | |
7559 | square brackets (@samp{[]}). This is the default method. | |
7560 | ||
7561 | @item dummy | |
7562 | @vindex gnus-summary-dummy-line-format | |
7563 | @vindex gnus-summary-make-false-root-always | |
7564 | Gnus will create a dummy summary line that will pretend to be the | |
7565 | parent. This dummy line does not correspond to any real article, so | |
7566 | selecting it will just select the first real article after the dummy | |
7567 | article. @code{gnus-summary-dummy-line-format} is used to specify the | |
7568 | format of the dummy roots. It accepts only one format spec: @samp{S}, | |
7569 | which is the subject of the article. @xref{Formatting Variables}. | |
7570 | If you want all threads to have a dummy root, even the non-gathered | |
7571 | ones, set @code{gnus-summary-make-false-root-always} to @code{t}. | |
7572 | ||
7573 | @item empty | |
7574 | Gnus won't actually make any article the parent, but simply leave the | |
7575 | subject field of all orphans except the first empty. (Actually, it will | |
7576 | use @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} as the subject (@pxref{Summary | |
7577 | Buffer Format}).) | |
7578 | ||
7579 | @item none | |
7580 | Don't make any article parent at all. Just gather the threads and | |
7581 | display them after one another. | |
7582 | ||
7583 | @item nil | |
7584 | Don't gather loose threads. | |
7585 | @end table | |
7586 | ||
7587 | @item gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit | |
7588 | @vindex gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit | |
7589 | Loose threads are gathered by comparing subjects of articles. If this | |
7590 | variable is @code{nil}, Gnus requires an exact match between the | |
7591 | subjects of the loose threads before gathering them into one big | |
7592 | super-thread. This might be too strict a requirement, what with the | |
7593 | presence of stupid newsreaders that chop off long subject lines. If | |
7594 | you think so, set this variable to, say, 20 to require that only the | |
7595 | first 20 characters of the subjects have to match. If you set this | |
7596 | variable to a really low number, you'll find that Gnus will gather | |
7597 | everything in sight into one thread, which isn't very helpful. | |
7598 | ||
7599 | @cindex fuzzy article gathering | |
7600 | If you set this variable to the special value @code{fuzzy}, Gnus will | |
7601 | use a fuzzy string comparison algorithm on the subjects (@pxref{Fuzzy | |
7602 | Matching}). | |
7603 | ||
7604 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy-regexp | |
7605 | @vindex gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy-regexp | |
7606 | This can either be a regular expression or list of regular expressions | |
7607 | that match strings that will be removed from subjects if fuzzy subject | |
7608 | simplification is used. | |
7609 | ||
7610 | @item gnus-simplify-ignored-prefixes | |
7611 | @vindex gnus-simplify-ignored-prefixes | |
7612 | If you set @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit} to something as low | |
7613 | as 10, you might consider setting this variable to something sensible: | |
7614 | ||
7615 | @c Written by Michael Ernst <mernst@cs.rice.edu> | |
7616 | @lisp | |
7617 | (setq gnus-simplify-ignored-prefixes | |
7618 | (concat | |
7619 | "\\`\\[?\\(" | |
7620 | (mapconcat | |
7621 | 'identity | |
7622 | '("looking" | |
7623 | "wanted" "followup" "summary\\( of\\)?" | |
7624 | "help" "query" "problem" "question" | |
7625 | "answer" "reference" "announce" | |
7626 | "How can I" "How to" "Comparison of" | |
7627 | ;; ... | |
7628 | ) | |
7629 | "\\|") | |
7630 | "\\)\\s *\\(" | |
7631 | (mapconcat 'identity | |
7632 | '("for" "for reference" "with" "about") | |
7633 | "\\|") | |
7634 | "\\)?\\]?:?[ \t]*")) | |
7635 | @end lisp | |
7636 | ||
7637 | All words that match this regexp will be removed before comparing two | |
7638 | subjects. | |
7639 | ||
7640 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-functions | |
7641 | @vindex gnus-simplify-subject-functions | |
7642 | If non-@code{nil}, this variable overrides | |
7643 | @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit}. This variable should be a | |
7644 | list of functions to apply to the @code{Subject} string iteratively to | |
7645 | arrive at the simplified version of the string. | |
7646 | ||
7647 | Useful functions to put in this list include: | |
7648 | ||
7649 | @table @code | |
7650 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-re | |
7651 | @findex gnus-simplify-subject-re | |
7652 | Strip the leading @samp{Re:}. | |
7653 | ||
7654 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy | |
7655 | @findex gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy | |
7656 | Simplify fuzzily. | |
7657 | ||
7658 | @item gnus-simplify-whitespace | |
7659 | @findex gnus-simplify-whitespace | |
7660 | Remove excessive whitespace. | |
7661 | ||
7662 | @item gnus-simplify-all-whitespace | |
7663 | @findex gnus-simplify-all-whitespace | |
7664 | Remove all whitespace. | |
7665 | @end table | |
7666 | ||
7667 | You may also write your own functions, of course. | |
7668 | ||
7669 | ||
7670 | @item gnus-summary-gather-exclude-subject | |
7671 | @vindex gnus-summary-gather-exclude-subject | |
7672 | Since loose thread gathering is done on subjects only, that might lead | |
7673 | to many false hits, especially with certain common subjects like | |
7674 | @samp{} and @samp{(none)}. To make the situation slightly better, | |
7675 | you can use the regexp @code{gnus-summary-gather-exclude-subject} to say | |
7676 | what subjects should be excluded from the gathering process.@* | |
7677 | The default is @samp{^ *$\\|^(none)$}. | |
7678 | ||
7679 | @item gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
7680 | @vindex gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
7681 | Gnus gathers threads by looking at @code{Subject} headers. This means | |
7682 | that totally unrelated articles may end up in the same ``thread'', which | |
7683 | is confusing. An alternate approach is to look at all the | |
7684 | @code{Message-ID}s in all the @code{References} headers to find matches. | |
7685 | This will ensure that no gathered threads ever include unrelated | |
7686 | articles, but it also means that people who have posted with broken | |
7687 | newsreaders won't be gathered properly. The choice is yours---plague or | |
7688 | cholera: | |
7689 | ||
7690 | @table @code | |
7691 | @item gnus-gather-threads-by-subject | |
7692 | @findex gnus-gather-threads-by-subject | |
7693 | This function is the default gathering function and looks at | |
7694 | @code{Subject}s exclusively. | |
7695 | ||
7696 | @item gnus-gather-threads-by-references | |
7697 | @findex gnus-gather-threads-by-references | |
7698 | This function looks at @code{References} headers exclusively. | |
7699 | @end table | |
7700 | ||
7701 | If you want to test gathering by @code{References}, you could say | |
7702 | something like: | |
7703 | ||
7704 | @lisp | |
7705 | (setq gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
7706 | 'gnus-gather-threads-by-references) | |
7707 | @end lisp | |
7708 | ||
7709 | @end table | |
7710 | ||
7711 | ||
7712 | @node Filling In Threads | |
7713 | @subsubsection Filling In Threads | |
7714 | ||
7715 | @table @code | |
7716 | @item gnus-fetch-old-headers | |
7717 | @vindex gnus-fetch-old-headers | |
7718 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will attempt to build old threads by fetching | |
7719 | more old headers---headers to articles marked as read. If you would | |
7720 | like to display as few summary lines as possible, but still connect as | |
7721 | many loose threads as possible, you should set this variable to | |
7722 | @code{some} or a number. If you set it to a number, no more than that | |
7723 | number of extra old headers will be fetched. In either case, fetching | |
7724 | old headers only works if the back end you are using carries overview | |
7725 | files---this would normally be @code{nntp}, @code{nnspool}, | |
7726 | @code{nnml}, and @code{nnmaildir}. Also remember that if the root of | |
7727 | the thread has been expired by the server, there's not much Gnus can | |
7728 | do about that. | |
7729 | ||
7730 | This variable can also be set to @code{invisible}. This won't have any | |
7731 | visible effects, but is useful if you use the @kbd{A T} command a lot | |
7732 | (@pxref{Finding the Parent}). | |
7733 | ||
f394fa25 MB |
7734 | The server has to support @acronym{NOV} for any of this to work. |
7735 | ||
7736 | @cindex Gmane, gnus-fetch-old-headers | |
7737 | This feature can seriously impact performance it ignores all locally | |
7738 | cached header entries. Setting it to @code{t} for groups for a server | |
7739 | that doesn't expire articles (such as news.gmane.org), leads to very | |
7740 | slow summary generation. | |
7741 | ||
4009494e GM |
7742 | @item gnus-fetch-old-ephemeral-headers |
7743 | @vindex gnus-fetch-old-ephemeral-headers | |
7744 | Same as @code{gnus-fetch-old-headers}, but only used for ephemeral | |
7745 | newsgroups. | |
7746 | ||
7747 | @item gnus-build-sparse-threads | |
7748 | @vindex gnus-build-sparse-threads | |
7749 | Fetching old headers can be slow. A low-rent similar effect can be | |
7750 | gotten by setting this variable to @code{some}. Gnus will then look at | |
7751 | the complete @code{References} headers of all articles and try to string | |
7752 | together articles that belong in the same thread. This will leave | |
7753 | @dfn{gaps} in the threading display where Gnus guesses that an article | |
7754 | is missing from the thread. (These gaps appear like normal summary | |
7755 | lines. If you select a gap, Gnus will try to fetch the article in | |
7756 | question.) If this variable is @code{t}, Gnus will display all these | |
7757 | ``gaps'' without regard for whether they are useful for completing the | |
7758 | thread or not. Finally, if this variable is @code{more}, Gnus won't cut | |
7759 | off sparse leaf nodes that don't lead anywhere. This variable is | |
7760 | @code{nil} by default. | |
7761 | ||
7762 | @item gnus-read-all-available-headers | |
7763 | @vindex gnus-read-all-available-headers | |
7764 | This is a rather obscure variable that few will find useful. It's | |
7765 | intended for those non-news newsgroups where the back end has to fetch | |
7766 | quite a lot to present the summary buffer, and where it's impossible to | |
7767 | go back to parents of articles. This is mostly the case in the | |
c4d82de8 | 7768 | web-based groups. |
4009494e GM |
7769 | |
7770 | If you don't use those, then it's safe to leave this as the default | |
7771 | @code{nil}. If you want to use this variable, it should be a regexp | |
7772 | that matches the group name, or @code{t} for all groups. | |
7773 | ||
7774 | @end table | |
7775 | ||
7776 | ||
7777 | @node More Threading | |
7778 | @subsubsection More Threading | |
7779 | ||
7780 | @table @code | |
7781 | @item gnus-show-threads | |
7782 | @vindex gnus-show-threads | |
7783 | If this variable is @code{nil}, no threading will be done, and all of | |
7784 | the rest of the variables here will have no effect. Turning threading | |
7785 | off will speed group selection up a bit, but it is sure to make reading | |
7786 | slower and more awkward. | |
7787 | ||
7788 | @item gnus-thread-hide-subtree | |
7789 | @vindex gnus-thread-hide-subtree | |
7790 | If non-@code{nil}, all threads will be hidden when the summary buffer is | |
7791 | generated. | |
7792 | ||
7793 | This can also be a predicate specifier (@pxref{Predicate Specifiers}). | |
7794 | Available predicates are @code{gnus-article-unread-p} and | |
7795 | @code{gnus-article-unseen-p}. | |
7796 | ||
7797 | Here's an example: | |
7798 | ||
7799 | @lisp | |
7800 | (setq gnus-thread-hide-subtree | |
7801 | '(or gnus-article-unread-p | |
7802 | gnus-article-unseen-p)) | |
7803 | @end lisp | |
7804 | ||
7805 | (It's a pretty nonsensical example, since all unseen articles are also | |
7806 | unread, but you get my drift.) | |
7807 | ||
7808 | ||
7809 | @item gnus-thread-expunge-below | |
7810 | @vindex gnus-thread-expunge-below | |
7811 | All threads that have a total score (as defined by | |
7812 | @code{gnus-thread-score-function}) less than this number will be | |
7813 | expunged. This variable is @code{nil} by default, which means that no | |
7814 | threads are expunged. | |
7815 | ||
7816 | @item gnus-thread-hide-killed | |
7817 | @vindex gnus-thread-hide-killed | |
7818 | if you kill a thread and this variable is non-@code{nil}, the subtree | |
7819 | will be hidden. | |
7820 | ||
7821 | @item gnus-thread-ignore-subject | |
7822 | @vindex gnus-thread-ignore-subject | |
7823 | Sometimes somebody changes the subject in the middle of a thread. If | |
7824 | this variable is non-@code{nil}, which is the default, the subject | |
7825 | change is ignored. If it is @code{nil}, a change in the subject will | |
7826 | result in a new thread. | |
7827 | ||
7828 | @item gnus-thread-indent-level | |
7829 | @vindex gnus-thread-indent-level | |
7830 | This is a number that says how much each sub-thread should be indented. | |
7831 | The default is 4. | |
7832 | ||
7833 | @item gnus-sort-gathered-threads-function | |
7834 | @vindex gnus-sort-gathered-threads-function | |
7835 | Sometimes, particularly with mailing lists, the order in which mails | |
7836 | arrive locally is not necessarily the same as the order in which they | |
7837 | arrived on the mailing list. Consequently, when sorting sub-threads | |
7838 | using the default @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-number}, responses can end | |
7839 | up appearing before the article to which they are responding to. | |
7840 | Setting this variable to an alternate value | |
7841 | (e.g. @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-date}), in a group's parameters or in an | |
7842 | appropriate hook (e.g. @code{gnus-summary-generate-hook}) can produce a | |
7843 | more logical sub-thread ordering in such instances. | |
7844 | ||
7845 | @end table | |
7846 | ||
7847 | ||
7848 | @node Low-Level Threading | |
7849 | @subsubsection Low-Level Threading | |
7850 | ||
7851 | @table @code | |
7852 | ||
7853 | @item gnus-parse-headers-hook | |
7854 | @vindex gnus-parse-headers-hook | |
7855 | Hook run before parsing any headers. | |
7856 | ||
7857 | @item gnus-alter-header-function | |
7858 | @vindex gnus-alter-header-function | |
7859 | If non-@code{nil}, this function will be called to allow alteration of | |
7860 | article header structures. The function is called with one parameter, | |
7861 | the article header vector, which it may alter in any way. For instance, | |
7862 | if you have a mail-to-news gateway which alters the @code{Message-ID}s | |
7863 | in systematic ways (by adding prefixes and such), you can use this | |
7864 | variable to un-scramble the @code{Message-ID}s so that they are more | |
7865 | meaningful. Here's one example: | |
7866 | ||
7867 | @lisp | |
7868 | (setq gnus-alter-header-function 'my-alter-message-id) | |
7869 | ||
7870 | (defun my-alter-message-id (header) | |
7871 | (let ((id (mail-header-id header))) | |
7872 | (when (string-match | |
7873 | "\\(<[^<>@@]*\\)\\.?cygnus\\..*@@\\([^<>@@]*>\\)" id) | |
7874 | (mail-header-set-id | |
7875 | (concat (match-string 1 id) "@@" (match-string 2 id)) | |
7876 | header)))) | |
7877 | @end lisp | |
7878 | ||
7879 | @end table | |
7880 | ||
7881 | ||
7882 | @node Thread Commands | |
7883 | @subsection Thread Commands | |
7884 | @cindex thread commands | |
7885 | ||
7886 | @table @kbd | |
7887 | ||
7888 | @item T k | |
7889 | @itemx C-M-k | |
7890 | @kindex T k (Summary) | |
7891 | @kindex C-M-k (Summary) | |
7892 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-thread | |
7893 | Mark all articles in the current (sub-)thread as read | |
7894 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-thread}). If the prefix argument is positive, | |
7895 | remove all marks instead. If the prefix argument is negative, tick | |
7896 | articles instead. | |
7897 | ||
7898 | @item T l | |
7899 | @itemx C-M-l | |
7900 | @kindex T l (Summary) | |
7901 | @kindex C-M-l (Summary) | |
7902 | @findex gnus-summary-lower-thread | |
7903 | Lower the score of the current (sub-)thread | |
7904 | (@code{gnus-summary-lower-thread}). | |
7905 | ||
7906 | @item T i | |
7907 | @kindex T i (Summary) | |
7908 | @findex gnus-summary-raise-thread | |
7909 | Increase the score of the current (sub-)thread | |
7910 | (@code{gnus-summary-raise-thread}). | |
7911 | ||
7912 | @item T # | |
7913 | @kindex T # (Summary) | |
7914 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-thread | |
7915 | Set the process mark on the current (sub-)thread | |
7916 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-thread}). | |
7917 | ||
7918 | @item T M-# | |
7919 | @kindex T M-# (Summary) | |
7920 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-thread | |
7921 | Remove the process mark from the current (sub-)thread | |
7922 | (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-thread}). | |
7923 | ||
7924 | @item T T | |
7925 | @kindex T T (Summary) | |
7926 | @findex gnus-summary-toggle-threads | |
7927 | Toggle threading (@code{gnus-summary-toggle-threads}). | |
7928 | ||
7929 | @item T s | |
7930 | @kindex T s (Summary) | |
7931 | @findex gnus-summary-show-thread | |
7932 | Expose the (sub-)thread hidden under the current article, if any@* | |
7933 | (@code{gnus-summary-show-thread}). | |
7934 | ||
7935 | @item T h | |
7936 | @kindex T h (Summary) | |
7937 | @findex gnus-summary-hide-thread | |
7938 | Hide the current (sub-)thread (@code{gnus-summary-hide-thread}). | |
7939 | ||
7940 | @item T S | |
7941 | @kindex T S (Summary) | |
7942 | @findex gnus-summary-show-all-threads | |
7943 | Expose all hidden threads (@code{gnus-summary-show-all-threads}). | |
7944 | ||
7945 | @item T H | |
7946 | @kindex T H (Summary) | |
7947 | @findex gnus-summary-hide-all-threads | |
7948 | Hide all threads (@code{gnus-summary-hide-all-threads}). | |
7949 | ||
7950 | @item T t | |
7951 | @kindex T t (Summary) | |
7952 | @findex gnus-summary-rethread-current | |
7953 | Re-thread the current article's thread | |
7954 | (@code{gnus-summary-rethread-current}). This works even when the | |
7955 | summary buffer is otherwise unthreaded. | |
7956 | ||
7957 | @item T ^ | |
7958 | @kindex T ^ (Summary) | |
7959 | @findex gnus-summary-reparent-thread | |
7960 | Make the current article the child of the marked (or previous) article | |
7961 | (@code{gnus-summary-reparent-thread}). | |
7962 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
7963 | @item T M-^ |
7964 | @kindex T M-^ (Summary) | |
7965 | @findex gnus-summary-reparent-children | |
7966 | Make the current article the parent of the marked articles | |
7967 | (@code{gnus-summary-reparent-children}). | |
7968 | ||
4009494e GM |
7969 | @end table |
7970 | ||
7971 | The following commands are thread movement commands. They all | |
7972 | understand the numeric prefix. | |
7973 | ||
7974 | @table @kbd | |
7975 | ||
7976 | @item T n | |
7977 | @kindex T n (Summary) | |
7978 | @itemx C-M-f | |
7979 | @kindex C-M-n (Summary) | |
7980 | @itemx M-down | |
7981 | @kindex M-down (Summary) | |
7982 | @findex gnus-summary-next-thread | |
7983 | Go to the next thread (@code{gnus-summary-next-thread}). | |
7984 | ||
7985 | @item T p | |
7986 | @kindex T p (Summary) | |
7987 | @itemx C-M-b | |
7988 | @kindex C-M-p (Summary) | |
7989 | @itemx M-up | |
7990 | @kindex M-up (Summary) | |
7991 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-thread | |
7992 | Go to the previous thread (@code{gnus-summary-prev-thread}). | |
7993 | ||
7994 | @item T d | |
7995 | @kindex T d (Summary) | |
7996 | @findex gnus-summary-down-thread | |
7997 | Descend the thread (@code{gnus-summary-down-thread}). | |
7998 | ||
7999 | @item T u | |
8000 | @kindex T u (Summary) | |
8001 | @findex gnus-summary-up-thread | |
8002 | Ascend the thread (@code{gnus-summary-up-thread}). | |
8003 | ||
8004 | @item T o | |
8005 | @kindex T o (Summary) | |
8006 | @findex gnus-summary-top-thread | |
8007 | Go to the top of the thread (@code{gnus-summary-top-thread}). | |
8008 | @end table | |
8009 | ||
8010 | @vindex gnus-thread-operation-ignore-subject | |
8011 | If you ignore subject while threading, you'll naturally end up with | |
8012 | threads that have several different subjects in them. If you then issue | |
8013 | a command like @kbd{T k} (@code{gnus-summary-kill-thread}) you might not | |
8014 | wish to kill the entire thread, but just those parts of the thread that | |
8015 | have the same subject as the current article. If you like this idea, | |
8016 | you can fiddle with @code{gnus-thread-operation-ignore-subject}. If it | |
8017 | is non-@code{nil} (which it is by default), subjects will be ignored | |
8018 | when doing thread commands. If this variable is @code{nil}, articles in | |
8019 | the same thread with different subjects will not be included in the | |
8020 | operation in question. If this variable is @code{fuzzy}, only articles | |
8021 | that have subjects fuzzily equal will be included (@pxref{Fuzzy | |
8022 | Matching}). | |
8023 | ||
8024 | ||
8025 | @node Sorting the Summary Buffer | |
8026 | @section Sorting the Summary Buffer | |
8027 | ||
8028 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score | |
8029 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-date | |
8030 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-score | |
8031 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-subject | |
8032 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-author | |
01c52d31 | 8033 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-recipient |
4009494e GM |
8034 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-number |
8035 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-random | |
8036 | @vindex gnus-thread-sort-functions | |
8037 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-number | |
8038 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-date | |
8039 | If you are using a threaded summary display, you can sort the threads by | |
8040 | setting @code{gnus-thread-sort-functions}, which can be either a single | |
8041 | function, a list of functions, or a list containing functions and | |
8042 | @code{(not some-function)} elements. | |
8043 | ||
8044 | By default, sorting is done on article numbers. Ready-made sorting | |
8045 | predicate functions include @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-number}, | |
01c52d31 MB |
8046 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-author}, @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-recipient}, |
8047 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-subject}, | |
8048 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-date}, | |
8049 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-score}, | |
4009494e GM |
8050 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-number}, |
8051 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-date}, | |
8052 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-random} and | |
8053 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score}. | |
8054 | ||
8055 | Each function takes two threads and returns non-@code{nil} if the first | |
8056 | thread should be sorted before the other. Note that sorting really is | |
8057 | normally done by looking only at the roots of each thread. | |
8058 | ||
8059 | If you use more than one function, the primary sort key should be the | |
8060 | last function in the list. You should probably always include | |
8061 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-number} in the list of sorting | |
8062 | functions---preferably first. This will ensure that threads that are | |
8063 | equal with respect to the other sort criteria will be displayed in | |
8064 | ascending article order. | |
8065 | ||
8066 | If you would like to sort by reverse score, then by subject, and finally | |
8067 | by number, you could do something like: | |
8068 | ||
8069 | @lisp | |
8070 | (setq gnus-thread-sort-functions | |
8071 | '(gnus-thread-sort-by-number | |
8072 | gnus-thread-sort-by-subject | |
8073 | (not gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score))) | |
8074 | @end lisp | |
8075 | ||
8076 | The threads that have highest score will be displayed first in the | |
8077 | summary buffer. When threads have the same score, they will be sorted | |
8078 | alphabetically. The threads that have the same score and the same | |
8079 | subject will be sorted by number, which is (normally) the sequence in | |
8080 | which the articles arrived. | |
8081 | ||
8082 | If you want to sort by score and then reverse arrival order, you could | |
8083 | say something like: | |
8084 | ||
8085 | @lisp | |
8086 | (setq gnus-thread-sort-functions | |
01c52d31 | 8087 | '((not gnus-thread-sort-by-number) |
4009494e GM |
8088 | gnus-thread-sort-by-score)) |
8089 | @end lisp | |
8090 | ||
8091 | @vindex gnus-thread-score-function | |
8092 | The function in the @code{gnus-thread-score-function} variable (default | |
8093 | @code{+}) is used for calculating the total score of a thread. Useful | |
8094 | functions might be @code{max}, @code{min}, or squared means, or whatever | |
8095 | tickles your fancy. | |
8096 | ||
8097 | @findex gnus-article-sort-functions | |
8098 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-date | |
6ecfe5c2 | 8099 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-most-recent-date |
4009494e GM |
8100 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-score |
8101 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-subject | |
8102 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-author | |
8103 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-random | |
8104 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-number | |
6ecfe5c2 | 8105 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-most-recent-number |
4009494e GM |
8106 | If you are using an unthreaded display for some strange reason or |
8107 | other, you have to fiddle with the @code{gnus-article-sort-functions} | |
8108 | variable. It is very similar to the | |
8109 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-functions}, except that it uses slightly | |
8110 | different functions for article comparison. Available sorting | |
8111 | predicate functions are @code{gnus-article-sort-by-number}, | |
8112 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-author}, | |
8113 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-subject}, @code{gnus-article-sort-by-date}, | |
8114 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-random}, and | |
8115 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-score}. | |
8116 | ||
8117 | If you want to sort an unthreaded summary display by subject, you could | |
8118 | say something like: | |
8119 | ||
8120 | @lisp | |
8121 | (setq gnus-article-sort-functions | |
8122 | '(gnus-article-sort-by-number | |
8123 | gnus-article-sort-by-subject)) | |
8124 | @end lisp | |
8125 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
8126 | You can define group specific sorting via @code{gnus-parameters}, |
8127 | @xref{Group Parameters}. | |
4009494e GM |
8128 | |
8129 | ||
8130 | @node Asynchronous Fetching | |
8131 | @section Asynchronous Article Fetching | |
8132 | @cindex asynchronous article fetching | |
8133 | @cindex article pre-fetch | |
8134 | @cindex pre-fetch | |
8135 | ||
8136 | If you read your news from an @acronym{NNTP} server that's far away, the | |
8137 | network latencies may make reading articles a chore. You have to wait | |
8138 | for a while after pressing @kbd{n} to go to the next article before the | |
8139 | article appears. Why can't Gnus just go ahead and fetch the article | |
8140 | while you are reading the previous one? Why not, indeed. | |
8141 | ||
8142 | First, some caveats. There are some pitfalls to using asynchronous | |
8143 | article fetching, especially the way Gnus does it. | |
8144 | ||
8145 | Let's say you are reading article 1, which is short, and article 2 is | |
8146 | quite long, and you are not interested in reading that. Gnus does not | |
8147 | know this, so it goes ahead and fetches article 2. You decide to read | |
8148 | article 3, but since Gnus is in the process of fetching article 2, the | |
8149 | connection is blocked. | |
8150 | ||
8151 | To avoid these situations, Gnus will open two (count 'em two) | |
8152 | connections to the server. Some people may think this isn't a very nice | |
8153 | thing to do, but I don't see any real alternatives. Setting up that | |
8154 | extra connection takes some time, so Gnus startup will be slower. | |
8155 | ||
8156 | Gnus will fetch more articles than you will read. This will mean that | |
8157 | the link between your machine and the @acronym{NNTP} server will become more | |
8158 | loaded than if you didn't use article pre-fetch. The server itself will | |
8159 | also become more loaded---both with the extra article requests, and the | |
8160 | extra connection. | |
8161 | ||
8162 | Ok, so now you know that you shouldn't really use this thing@dots{} unless | |
8163 | you really want to. | |
8164 | ||
8165 | @vindex gnus-asynchronous | |
8166 | Here's how: Set @code{gnus-asynchronous} to @code{t}. The rest should | |
8167 | happen automatically. | |
8168 | ||
8169 | @vindex gnus-use-article-prefetch | |
8170 | You can control how many articles are to be pre-fetched by setting | |
8171 | @code{gnus-use-article-prefetch}. This is 30 by default, which means | |
8172 | that when you read an article in the group, the back end will pre-fetch | |
8173 | the next 30 articles. If this variable is @code{t}, the back end will | |
8174 | pre-fetch all the articles it can without bound. If it is | |
8175 | @code{nil}, no pre-fetching will be done. | |
8176 | ||
8177 | @vindex gnus-async-prefetch-article-p | |
8178 | @findex gnus-async-unread-p | |
8179 | There are probably some articles that you don't want to pre-fetch---read | |
8180 | articles, for instance. The @code{gnus-async-prefetch-article-p} | |
8181 | variable controls whether an article is to be pre-fetched. This | |
8182 | function should return non-@code{nil} when the article in question is | |
8183 | to be pre-fetched. The default is @code{gnus-async-unread-p}, which | |
8184 | returns @code{nil} on read articles. The function is called with an | |
8185 | article data structure as the only parameter. | |
8186 | ||
8187 | If, for instance, you wish to pre-fetch only unread articles shorter | |
8188 | than 100 lines, you could say something like: | |
8189 | ||
8190 | @lisp | |
8191 | (defun my-async-short-unread-p (data) | |
8192 | "Return non-nil for short, unread articles." | |
8193 | (and (gnus-data-unread-p data) | |
8194 | (< (mail-header-lines (gnus-data-header data)) | |
8195 | 100))) | |
8196 | ||
8197 | (setq gnus-async-prefetch-article-p 'my-async-short-unread-p) | |
8198 | @end lisp | |
8199 | ||
8200 | These functions will be called many, many times, so they should | |
8201 | preferably be short and sweet to avoid slowing down Gnus too much. | |
8202 | It's probably a good idea to byte-compile things like this. | |
8203 | ||
85115796 KY |
8204 | @vindex gnus-async-post-fetch-function |
8205 | @findex gnus-html-prefetch-images | |
8206 | After an article has been prefetched, this | |
8207 | @code{gnus-async-post-fetch-function} will be called. The buffer will | |
8208 | be narrowed to the region of the article that was fetched. A useful | |
8209 | value would be @code{gnus-html-prefetch-images}, which will prefetch | |
8210 | and store images referenced in the article, so that you don't have to | |
8211 | wait for them to be fetched when you read the article. This is useful | |
8212 | for @acronym{HTML} messages that have external images. | |
8213 | ||
4009494e GM |
8214 | @vindex gnus-prefetched-article-deletion-strategy |
8215 | Articles have to be removed from the asynch buffer sooner or later. The | |
8216 | @code{gnus-prefetched-article-deletion-strategy} says when to remove | |
8217 | articles. This is a list that may contain the following elements: | |
8218 | ||
8219 | @table @code | |
8220 | @item read | |
8221 | Remove articles when they are read. | |
8222 | ||
8223 | @item exit | |
8224 | Remove articles when exiting the group. | |
8225 | @end table | |
8226 | ||
8227 | The default value is @code{(read exit)}. | |
8228 | ||
8229 | @c @vindex gnus-use-header-prefetch | |
8230 | @c If @code{gnus-use-header-prefetch} is non-@code{nil}, prefetch articles | |
8231 | @c from the next group. | |
8232 | ||
8233 | ||
8234 | @node Article Caching | |
8235 | @section Article Caching | |
8236 | @cindex article caching | |
8237 | @cindex caching | |
8238 | ||
8239 | If you have an @emph{extremely} slow @acronym{NNTP} connection, you may | |
8240 | consider turning article caching on. Each article will then be stored | |
8241 | locally under your home directory. As you may surmise, this could | |
8242 | potentially use @emph{huge} amounts of disk space, as well as eat up all | |
8243 | your inodes so fast it will make your head swim. In vodka. | |
8244 | ||
8245 | Used carefully, though, it could be just an easier way to save articles. | |
8246 | ||
8247 | @vindex gnus-use-long-file-name | |
8248 | @vindex gnus-cache-directory | |
8249 | @vindex gnus-use-cache | |
8250 | To turn caching on, set @code{gnus-use-cache} to @code{t}. By default, | |
8251 | all articles ticked or marked as dormant will then be copied | |
8252 | over to your local cache (@code{gnus-cache-directory}). Whether this | |
8253 | cache is flat or hierarchical is controlled by the | |
8254 | @code{gnus-use-long-file-name} variable, as usual. | |
8255 | ||
8256 | When re-selecting a ticked or dormant article, it will be fetched from the | |
8257 | cache instead of from the server. As articles in your cache will never | |
8258 | expire, this might serve as a method of saving articles while still | |
8259 | keeping them where they belong. Just mark all articles you want to save | |
8260 | as dormant, and don't worry. | |
8261 | ||
8262 | When an article is marked as read, is it removed from the cache. | |
8263 | ||
8264 | @vindex gnus-cache-remove-articles | |
8265 | @vindex gnus-cache-enter-articles | |
8266 | The entering/removal of articles from the cache is controlled by the | |
8267 | @code{gnus-cache-enter-articles} and @code{gnus-cache-remove-articles} | |
8268 | variables. Both are lists of symbols. The first is @code{(ticked | |
8269 | dormant)} by default, meaning that ticked and dormant articles will be | |
8270 | put in the cache. The latter is @code{(read)} by default, meaning that | |
8271 | articles marked as read are removed from the cache. Possibly | |
8272 | symbols in these two lists are @code{ticked}, @code{dormant}, | |
8273 | @code{unread} and @code{read}. | |
8274 | ||
8275 | @findex gnus-jog-cache | |
8276 | So where does the massive article-fetching and storing come into the | |
8277 | picture? The @code{gnus-jog-cache} command will go through all | |
8278 | subscribed newsgroups, request all unread articles, score them, and | |
8279 | store them in the cache. You should only ever, ever ever ever, use this | |
8280 | command if 1) your connection to the @acronym{NNTP} server is really, really, | |
8281 | really slow and 2) you have a really, really, really huge disk. | |
8282 | Seriously. One way to cut down on the number of articles downloaded is | |
8283 | to score unwanted articles down and have them marked as read. They will | |
8284 | not then be downloaded by this command. | |
8285 | ||
8286 | @vindex gnus-uncacheable-groups | |
8287 | @vindex gnus-cacheable-groups | |
8288 | It is likely that you do not want caching on all groups. For instance, | |
8289 | if your @code{nnml} mail is located under your home directory, it makes no | |
8290 | sense to cache it somewhere else under your home directory. Unless you | |
8291 | feel that it's neat to use twice as much space. | |
8292 | ||
8293 | To limit the caching, you could set @code{gnus-cacheable-groups} to a | |
8294 | regexp of groups to cache, @samp{^nntp} for instance, or set the | |
8295 | @code{gnus-uncacheable-groups} regexp to @samp{^nnml}, for instance. | |
8296 | Both variables are @code{nil} by default. If a group matches both | |
8297 | variables, the group is not cached. | |
8298 | ||
8299 | @findex gnus-cache-generate-nov-databases | |
8300 | @findex gnus-cache-generate-active | |
8301 | @vindex gnus-cache-active-file | |
8302 | The cache stores information on what articles it contains in its active | |
8303 | file (@code{gnus-cache-active-file}). If this file (or any other parts | |
8304 | of the cache) becomes all messed up for some reason or other, Gnus | |
8305 | offers two functions that will try to set things right. @kbd{M-x | |
8306 | gnus-cache-generate-nov-databases} will (re)build all the @acronym{NOV} | |
8307 | files, and @kbd{gnus-cache-generate-active} will (re)generate the active | |
8308 | file. | |
8309 | ||
8310 | @findex gnus-cache-move-cache | |
8311 | @code{gnus-cache-move-cache} will move your whole | |
8312 | @code{gnus-cache-directory} to some other location. You get asked to | |
8313 | where, isn't that cool? | |
8314 | ||
8315 | @node Persistent Articles | |
8316 | @section Persistent Articles | |
8317 | @cindex persistent articles | |
8318 | ||
8319 | Closely related to article caching, we have @dfn{persistent articles}. | |
8320 | In fact, it's just a different way of looking at caching, and much more | |
8321 | useful in my opinion. | |
8322 | ||
8323 | Say you're reading a newsgroup, and you happen on to some valuable gem | |
8324 | that you want to keep and treasure forever. You'd normally just save it | |
8325 | (using one of the many saving commands) in some file. The problem with | |
8326 | that is that it's just, well, yucky. Ideally you'd prefer just having | |
8327 | the article remain in the group where you found it forever; untouched by | |
8328 | the expiry going on at the news server. | |
8329 | ||
8330 | This is what a @dfn{persistent article} is---an article that just won't | |
8331 | be deleted. It's implemented using the normal cache functions, but | |
8332 | you use two explicit commands for managing persistent articles: | |
8333 | ||
8334 | @table @kbd | |
8335 | ||
8336 | @item * | |
8337 | @kindex * (Summary) | |
8338 | @findex gnus-cache-enter-article | |
8339 | Make the current article persistent (@code{gnus-cache-enter-article}). | |
8340 | ||
8341 | @item M-* | |
8342 | @kindex M-* (Summary) | |
8343 | @findex gnus-cache-remove-article | |
8344 | Remove the current article from the persistent articles | |
8345 | (@code{gnus-cache-remove-article}). This will normally delete the | |
8346 | article. | |
8347 | @end table | |
8348 | ||
8349 | Both these commands understand the process/prefix convention. | |
8350 | ||
8351 | To avoid having all ticked articles (and stuff) entered into the cache, | |
8352 | you should set @code{gnus-use-cache} to @code{passive} if you're just | |
8353 | interested in persistent articles: | |
8354 | ||
8355 | @lisp | |
8356 | (setq gnus-use-cache 'passive) | |
8357 | @end lisp | |
8358 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
8359 | @node Sticky Articles |
8360 | @section Sticky Articles | |
8361 | @cindex sticky articles | |
8362 | ||
8363 | When you select an article the current article buffer will be reused | |
8364 | according to the value of the variable | |
8365 | @code{gnus-single-article-buffer}. If its value is non-@code{nil} (the | |
8366 | default) all articles reuse the same article buffer. Else each group | |
8367 | has its own article buffer. | |
8368 | ||
8369 | This implies that it's not possible to have more than one article buffer | |
8370 | in a group at a time. But sometimes you might want to display all the | |
8371 | latest emails from your mother, your father, your aunt, your uncle and | |
8372 | your 17 cousins to coordinate the next christmas party. | |
8373 | ||
8374 | That's where sticky articles come in handy. A sticky article buffer | |
8375 | basically is a normal article buffer, but it won't be reused when you | |
8376 | select another article. You can make an article sticky with: | |
8377 | ||
8378 | @table @kbd | |
8379 | @item A S | |
8380 | @kindex A S (Summary) | |
8381 | @findex gnus-sticky-article | |
8382 | Make the current article sticky. If a prefix arg is given, ask for a | |
8383 | name for this sticky article buffer. | |
8384 | @end table | |
8385 | ||
8386 | To close a sticky article buffer you can use these commands: | |
8387 | ||
8388 | @table @kbd | |
8389 | @item q | |
8390 | @kindex q (Article) | |
8391 | @findex bury-buffer | |
8392 | Puts this sticky article buffer at the end of the list of all buffers. | |
8393 | ||
8394 | @item k | |
8395 | @kindex k (Article) | |
8396 | @findex gnus-kill-sticky-article-buffer | |
8397 | Kills this sticky article buffer. | |
8398 | @end table | |
8399 | ||
8400 | To kill all sticky article buffers you can use: | |
8401 | ||
8402 | @defun gnus-kill-sticky-article-buffers ARG | |
8403 | Kill all sticky article buffers. | |
8404 | If a prefix ARG is given, ask for confirmation. | |
8405 | @end defun | |
4009494e GM |
8406 | |
8407 | @node Article Backlog | |
8408 | @section Article Backlog | |
8409 | @cindex backlog | |
8410 | @cindex article backlog | |
8411 | ||
8412 | If you have a slow connection, but the idea of using caching seems | |
8413 | unappealing to you (and it is, really), you can help the situation some | |
8414 | by switching on the @dfn{backlog}. This is where Gnus will buffer | |
8415 | already read articles so that it doesn't have to re-fetch articles | |
8416 | you've already read. This only helps if you are in the habit of | |
8417 | re-selecting articles you've recently read, of course. If you never do | |
8418 | that, turning the backlog on will slow Gnus down a little bit, and | |
8419 | increase memory usage some. | |
8420 | ||
8421 | @vindex gnus-keep-backlog | |
8422 | If you set @code{gnus-keep-backlog} to a number @var{n}, Gnus will store | |
8423 | at most @var{n} old articles in a buffer for later re-fetching. If this | |
8424 | variable is non-@code{nil} and is not a number, Gnus will store | |
8425 | @emph{all} read articles, which means that your Emacs will grow without | |
8426 | bound before exploding and taking your machine down with you. I put | |
8427 | that in there just to keep y'all on your toes. | |
8428 | ||
8429 | The default value is 20. | |
8430 | ||
8431 | ||
8432 | @node Saving Articles | |
8433 | @section Saving Articles | |
8434 | @cindex saving articles | |
8435 | ||
8436 | Gnus can save articles in a number of ways. Below is the documentation | |
8437 | for saving articles in a fairly straight-forward fashion (i.e., little | |
8438 | processing of the article is done before it is saved). For a different | |
8439 | approach (uudecoding, unsharing) you should use @code{gnus-uu} | |
8440 | (@pxref{Decoding Articles}). | |
8441 | ||
8442 | For the commands listed here, the target is a file. If you want to | |
8443 | save to a group, see the @kbd{B c} (@code{gnus-summary-copy-article}) | |
8444 | command (@pxref{Mail Group Commands}). | |
8445 | ||
8446 | @vindex gnus-save-all-headers | |
8447 | If @code{gnus-save-all-headers} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will not delete | |
8448 | unwanted headers before saving the article. | |
8449 | ||
8450 | @vindex gnus-saved-headers | |
8451 | If the preceding variable is @code{nil}, all headers that match the | |
8452 | @code{gnus-saved-headers} regexp will be kept, while the rest will be | |
8453 | deleted before saving. | |
8454 | ||
8455 | @table @kbd | |
8456 | ||
8457 | @item O o | |
8458 | @itemx o | |
8459 | @kindex O o (Summary) | |
8460 | @kindex o (Summary) | |
8461 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article | |
8462 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-save-article} | |
8463 | Save the current article using the default article saver | |
8464 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article}). | |
8465 | ||
8466 | @item O m | |
8467 | @kindex O m (Summary) | |
8468 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-mail | |
8469 | Save the current article in a Unix mail box (mbox) file | |
8470 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-mail}). | |
8471 | ||
8472 | @item O r | |
8473 | @kindex O r (Summary) | |
8474 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-rmail | |
8475 | Save the current article in Rmail format | |
bc79f9ab GM |
8476 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-rmail}). This is mbox since Emacs 23, |
8477 | Babyl in older versions. | |
4009494e GM |
8478 | |
8479 | @item O f | |
8480 | @kindex O f (Summary) | |
8481 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-file | |
8482 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-save-article-file} | |
8483 | Save the current article in plain file format | |
8484 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-file}). | |
8485 | ||
8486 | @item O F | |
8487 | @kindex O F (Summary) | |
8488 | @findex gnus-summary-write-article-file | |
8489 | Write the current article in plain file format, overwriting any previous | |
8490 | file contents (@code{gnus-summary-write-article-file}). | |
8491 | ||
8492 | @item O b | |
8493 | @kindex O b (Summary) | |
8494 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-body-file | |
8495 | Save the current article body in plain file format | |
8496 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-body-file}). | |
8497 | ||
8498 | @item O h | |
8499 | @kindex O h (Summary) | |
8500 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-folder | |
8501 | Save the current article in mh folder format | |
8502 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-folder}). | |
8503 | ||
8504 | @item O v | |
8505 | @kindex O v (Summary) | |
8506 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-vm | |
8507 | Save the current article in a VM folder | |
8508 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-vm}). | |
8509 | ||
8510 | @item O p | |
8511 | @itemx | | |
8512 | @kindex O p (Summary) | |
8513 | @kindex | (Summary) | |
8514 | @findex gnus-summary-pipe-output | |
89167438 | 8515 | @vindex gnus-summary-pipe-output-default-command |
4009494e GM |
8516 | Save the current article in a pipe. Uhm, like, what I mean is---Pipe |
8517 | the current article to a process (@code{gnus-summary-pipe-output}). | |
8518 | If given a symbolic prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}), include the | |
6ecfe5c2 MB |
8519 | complete headers in the piped output. The symbolic prefix @code{r} is |
8520 | special; it lets this command pipe a raw article including all headers. | |
8521 | The @code{gnus-summary-pipe-output-default-command} variable can be set | |
8522 | to a string containing the default command and options (default | |
8523 | @code{nil}). | |
4009494e GM |
8524 | |
8525 | @item O P | |
8526 | @kindex O P (Summary) | |
8527 | @findex gnus-summary-muttprint | |
8528 | @vindex gnus-summary-muttprint-program | |
8529 | Save the current article into muttprint. That is, print it using the | |
8530 | external program @uref{http://muttprint.sourceforge.net/, | |
8531 | Muttprint}. The program name and options to use is controlled by the | |
8532 | variable @code{gnus-summary-muttprint-program}. | |
8533 | (@code{gnus-summary-muttprint}). | |
8534 | ||
8535 | @end table | |
8536 | ||
8537 | @vindex gnus-prompt-before-saving | |
8538 | All these commands use the process/prefix convention | |
8539 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). If you save bunches of articles using these | |
8540 | functions, you might get tired of being prompted for files to save each | |
8541 | and every article in. The prompting action is controlled by | |
8542 | the @code{gnus-prompt-before-saving} variable, which is @code{always} by | |
8543 | default, giving you that excessive prompting action you know and | |
8544 | loathe. If you set this variable to @code{t} instead, you'll be prompted | |
8545 | just once for each series of articles you save. If you like to really | |
8546 | have Gnus do all your thinking for you, you can even set this variable | |
8547 | to @code{nil}, which means that you will never be prompted for files to | |
8548 | save articles in. Gnus will simply save all the articles in the default | |
8549 | files. | |
8550 | ||
8551 | ||
8552 | @vindex gnus-default-article-saver | |
8553 | You can customize the @code{gnus-default-article-saver} variable to make | |
8554 | Gnus do what you want it to. You can use any of the eight ready-made | |
8555 | functions below, or you can create your own. | |
8556 | ||
8557 | @table @code | |
8558 | ||
8559 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-rmail | |
8560 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-rmail | |
8561 | @vindex gnus-rmail-save-name | |
8562 | @findex gnus-plain-save-name | |
bc79f9ab GM |
8563 | This is the default format, that used by the Rmail package. Since Emacs |
8564 | 23, Rmail uses standard mbox format. Before this, it used the | |
8565 | @dfn{Babyl} format. Accordingly, this command writes mbox format since | |
8566 | Emacs 23, unless appending to an existing Babyl file. In older versions | |
8567 | of Emacs, it always uses Babyl format. Uses the function in the | |
4009494e GM |
8568 | @code{gnus-rmail-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the |
8569 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-plain-save-name}. | |
8570 | ||
8571 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-mail | |
8572 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-mail | |
8573 | @vindex gnus-mail-save-name | |
8574 | Save in a Unix mail (mbox) file. Uses the function in the | |
8575 | @code{gnus-mail-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
8576 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-plain-save-name}. | |
8577 | ||
8578 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-file | |
8579 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-file | |
8580 | @vindex gnus-file-save-name | |
8581 | @findex gnus-numeric-save-name | |
8582 | Append the article straight to an ordinary file. Uses the function in | |
8583 | the @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
8584 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
8585 | ||
8586 | @item gnus-summary-write-to-file | |
8587 | @findex gnus-summary-write-to-file | |
8588 | Write the article straight to an ordinary file. The file is | |
8589 | overwritten if it exists. Uses the function in the | |
8590 | @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
8591 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
8592 | ||
8593 | @item gnus-summary-save-body-in-file | |
8594 | @findex gnus-summary-save-body-in-file | |
8595 | Append the article body to an ordinary file. Uses the function in the | |
8596 | @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
8597 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
8598 | ||
8599 | @item gnus-summary-write-body-to-file | |
8600 | @findex gnus-summary-write-body-to-file | |
8601 | Write the article body straight to an ordinary file. The file is | |
8602 | overwritten if it exists. Uses the function in the | |
8603 | @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
8604 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
8605 | ||
8606 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-folder | |
8607 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-folder | |
8608 | @findex gnus-folder-save-name | |
8609 | @findex gnus-Folder-save-name | |
8610 | @vindex gnus-folder-save-name | |
8611 | @cindex rcvstore | |
8612 | @cindex MH folders | |
8613 | Save the article to an MH folder using @code{rcvstore} from the MH | |
8614 | library. Uses the function in the @code{gnus-folder-save-name} variable | |
8615 | to get a file name to save the article in. The default is | |
8616 | @code{gnus-folder-save-name}, but you can also use | |
8617 | @code{gnus-Folder-save-name}, which creates capitalized names. | |
8618 | ||
8619 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-vm | |
8620 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-vm | |
8621 | Save the article in a VM folder. You have to have the VM mail | |
8622 | reader to use this setting. | |
89167438 MB |
8623 | |
8624 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-pipe | |
8625 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-pipe | |
d62672f3 MB |
8626 | Pipe the article to a shell command. This function takes optional two |
8627 | arguments COMMAND and RAW. Valid values for COMMAND include: | |
8628 | ||
8629 | @itemize @bullet | |
8630 | @item a string@* | |
8631 | The executable command name and possibly arguments. | |
8632 | @item @code{nil}@* | |
8633 | You will be prompted for the command in the minibuffer. | |
8634 | @item the symbol @code{default}@* | |
8635 | It will be replaced with the command which the variable | |
8636 | @code{gnus-summary-pipe-output-default-command} holds or the command | |
8637 | last used for saving. | |
8638 | @end itemize | |
8639 | ||
8640 | Non-@code{nil} value for RAW overrides @code{:decode} and | |
8641 | @code{:headers} properties (see below) and the raw article including all | |
8642 | headers will be piped. | |
4009494e GM |
8643 | @end table |
8644 | ||
8645 | The symbol of each function may have the following properties: | |
8646 | ||
8647 | @table @code | |
8648 | @item :decode | |
8649 | The value non-@code{nil} means save decoded articles. This is | |
8650 | meaningful only with @code{gnus-summary-save-in-file}, | |
8651 | @code{gnus-summary-save-body-in-file}, | |
89167438 MB |
8652 | @code{gnus-summary-write-to-file}, |
8653 | @code{gnus-summary-write-body-to-file}, and | |
8654 | @code{gnus-summary-save-in-pipe}. | |
4009494e GM |
8655 | |
8656 | @item :function | |
8657 | The value specifies an alternative function which appends, not | |
8658 | overwrites, articles to a file. This implies that when saving many | |
8659 | articles at a time, @code{gnus-prompt-before-saving} is bound to | |
8660 | @code{t} and all articles are saved in a single file. This is | |
8661 | meaningful only with @code{gnus-summary-write-to-file} and | |
8662 | @code{gnus-summary-write-body-to-file}. | |
8663 | ||
8664 | @item :headers | |
8665 | The value specifies the symbol of a variable of which the value | |
8666 | specifies headers to be saved. If it is omitted, | |
8667 | @code{gnus-save-all-headers} and @code{gnus-saved-headers} control what | |
8668 | headers should be saved. | |
8669 | @end table | |
8670 | ||
8671 | @vindex gnus-article-save-directory | |
8672 | All of these functions, except for the last one, will save the article | |
8673 | in the @code{gnus-article-save-directory}, which is initialized from the | |
8674 | @env{SAVEDIR} environment variable. This is @file{~/News/} by | |
8675 | default. | |
8676 | ||
8677 | As you can see above, the functions use different functions to find a | |
8678 | suitable name of a file to save the article in. Below is a list of | |
8679 | available functions that generate names: | |
8680 | ||
8681 | @table @code | |
8682 | ||
8683 | @item gnus-Numeric-save-name | |
8684 | @findex gnus-Numeric-save-name | |
8685 | File names like @file{~/News/Alt.andrea-dworkin/45}. | |
8686 | ||
8687 | @item gnus-numeric-save-name | |
8688 | @findex gnus-numeric-save-name | |
8689 | File names like @file{~/News/alt.andrea-dworkin/45}. | |
8690 | ||
8691 | @item gnus-Plain-save-name | |
8692 | @findex gnus-Plain-save-name | |
8693 | File names like @file{~/News/Alt.andrea-dworkin}. | |
8694 | ||
8695 | @item gnus-plain-save-name | |
8696 | @findex gnus-plain-save-name | |
8697 | File names like @file{~/News/alt.andrea-dworkin}. | |
8698 | ||
8699 | @item gnus-sender-save-name | |
8700 | @findex gnus-sender-save-name | |
8701 | File names like @file{~/News/larsi}. | |
8702 | @end table | |
8703 | ||
8704 | @vindex gnus-split-methods | |
8705 | You can have Gnus suggest where to save articles by plonking a regexp into | |
8706 | the @code{gnus-split-methods} alist. For instance, if you would like to | |
8707 | save articles related to Gnus in the file @file{gnus-stuff}, and articles | |
8708 | related to VM in @file{vm-stuff}, you could set this variable to something | |
8709 | like: | |
8710 | ||
8711 | @lisp | |
8712 | (("^Subject:.*gnus\\|^Newsgroups:.*gnus" "gnus-stuff") | |
8713 | ("^Subject:.*vm\\|^Xref:.*vm" "vm-stuff") | |
8714 | (my-choosing-function "../other-dir/my-stuff") | |
8715 | ((equal gnus-newsgroup-name "mail.misc") "mail-stuff")) | |
8716 | @end lisp | |
8717 | ||
8718 | We see that this is a list where each element is a list that has two | |
8719 | elements---the @dfn{match} and the @dfn{file}. The match can either be | |
8720 | a string (in which case it is used as a regexp to match on the article | |
8721 | head); it can be a symbol (which will be called as a function with the | |
8722 | group name as a parameter); or it can be a list (which will be | |
8723 | @code{eval}ed). If any of these actions have a non-@code{nil} result, | |
8724 | the @dfn{file} will be used as a default prompt. In addition, the | |
8725 | result of the operation itself will be used if the function or form | |
8726 | called returns a string or a list of strings. | |
8727 | ||
8728 | You basically end up with a list of file names that might be used when | |
8729 | saving the current article. (All ``matches'' will be used.) You will | |
8730 | then be prompted for what you really want to use as a name, with file | |
8731 | name completion over the results from applying this variable. | |
8732 | ||
8733 | This variable is @code{((gnus-article-archive-name))} by default, which | |
8734 | means that Gnus will look at the articles it saves for an | |
8735 | @code{Archive-name} line and use that as a suggestion for the file | |
8736 | name. | |
8737 | ||
8738 | Here's an example function to clean up file names somewhat. If you have | |
8739 | lots of mail groups called things like | |
8740 | @samp{nnml:mail.whatever}, you may want to chop off the beginning of | |
8741 | these group names before creating the file name to save to. The | |
8742 | following will do just that: | |
8743 | ||
8744 | @lisp | |
8745 | (defun my-save-name (group) | |
8746 | (when (string-match "^nnml:mail." group) | |
8747 | (substring group (match-end 0)))) | |
8748 | ||
8749 | (setq gnus-split-methods | |
8750 | '((gnus-article-archive-name) | |
8751 | (my-save-name))) | |
8752 | @end lisp | |
8753 | ||
8754 | ||
8755 | @vindex gnus-use-long-file-name | |
8756 | Finally, you have the @code{gnus-use-long-file-name} variable. If it is | |
8757 | @code{nil}, all the preceding functions will replace all periods | |
8758 | (@samp{.}) in the group names with slashes (@samp{/})---which means that | |
8759 | the functions will generate hierarchies of directories instead of having | |
8760 | all the files in the top level directory | |
8761 | (@file{~/News/alt/andrea-dworkin} instead of | |
8762 | @file{~/News/alt.andrea-dworkin}.) This variable is @code{t} by default | |
8763 | on most systems. However, for historical reasons, this is @code{nil} on | |
8764 | Xenix and usg-unix-v machines by default. | |
8765 | ||
8766 | This function also affects kill and score file names. If this variable | |
8767 | is a list, and the list contains the element @code{not-score}, long file | |
8768 | names will not be used for score files, if it contains the element | |
8769 | @code{not-save}, long file names will not be used for saving, and if it | |
8770 | contains the element @code{not-kill}, long file names will not be used | |
8771 | for kill files. | |
8772 | ||
8773 | If you'd like to save articles in a hierarchy that looks something like | |
8774 | a spool, you could | |
8775 | ||
8776 | @lisp | |
8777 | (setq gnus-use-long-file-name '(not-save)) ; @r{to get a hierarchy} | |
8778 | (setq gnus-default-article-saver | |
8779 | 'gnus-summary-save-in-file) ; @r{no encoding} | |
8780 | @end lisp | |
8781 | ||
8782 | Then just save with @kbd{o}. You'd then read this hierarchy with | |
8783 | ephemeral @code{nneething} groups---@kbd{G D} in the group buffer, and | |
8784 | the top level directory as the argument (@file{~/News/}). Then just walk | |
8785 | around to the groups/directories with @code{nneething}. | |
8786 | ||
8787 | ||
8788 | @node Decoding Articles | |
8789 | @section Decoding Articles | |
8790 | @cindex decoding articles | |
8791 | ||
8792 | Sometime users post articles (or series of articles) that have been | |
8793 | encoded in some way or other. Gnus can decode them for you. | |
8794 | ||
8795 | @menu | |
8796 | * Uuencoded Articles:: Uudecode articles. | |
8797 | * Shell Archives:: Unshar articles. | |
8798 | * PostScript Files:: Split PostScript. | |
8799 | * Other Files:: Plain save and binhex. | |
8800 | * Decoding Variables:: Variables for a happy decoding. | |
8801 | * Viewing Files:: You want to look at the result of the decoding? | |
8802 | @end menu | |
8803 | ||
8804 | @cindex series | |
8805 | @cindex article series | |
8806 | All these functions use the process/prefix convention | |
8807 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}) for finding out what articles to work on, with | |
8808 | the extension that a ``single article'' means ``a single series''. Gnus | |
8809 | can find out by itself what articles belong to a series, decode all the | |
8810 | articles and unpack/view/save the resulting file(s). | |
8811 | ||
8812 | Gnus guesses what articles are in the series according to the following | |
8813 | simplish rule: The subjects must be (nearly) identical, except for the | |
8814 | last two numbers of the line. (Spaces are largely ignored, however.) | |
8815 | ||
8816 | For example: If you choose a subject called @samp{cat.gif (2/3)}, Gnus | |
8817 | will find all the articles that match the regexp @samp{^cat.gif | |
8818 | ([0-9]+/[0-9]+).*$}. | |
8819 | ||
8820 | Subjects that are non-standard, like @samp{cat.gif (2/3) Part 6 of a | |
8821 | series}, will not be properly recognized by any of the automatic viewing | |
8822 | commands, and you have to mark the articles manually with @kbd{#}. | |
8823 | ||
8824 | ||
8825 | @node Uuencoded Articles | |
8826 | @subsection Uuencoded Articles | |
8827 | @cindex uudecode | |
8828 | @cindex uuencoded articles | |
8829 | ||
8830 | @table @kbd | |
8831 | ||
8832 | @item X u | |
8833 | @kindex X u (Summary) | |
8834 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu | |
8835 | @c @icon{gnus-uu-decode-uu} | |
8836 | Uudecodes the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu}). | |
8837 | ||
8838 | @item X U | |
8839 | @kindex X U (Summary) | |
8840 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save | |
8841 | Uudecodes and saves the current series | |
8842 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save}). | |
8843 | ||
8844 | @item X v u | |
8845 | @kindex X v u (Summary) | |
8846 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu-view | |
8847 | Uudecodes and views the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-view}). | |
8848 | ||
8849 | @item X v U | |
8850 | @kindex X v U (Summary) | |
8851 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save-view | |
8852 | Uudecodes, views and saves the current series | |
8853 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save-view}). | |
8854 | ||
8855 | @end table | |
8856 | ||
8857 | Remember that these all react to the presence of articles marked with | |
8858 | the process mark. If, for instance, you'd like to decode and save an | |
8859 | entire newsgroup, you'd typically do @kbd{M P a} | |
8860 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-all}) and then @kbd{X U} | |
8861 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save}). | |
8862 | ||
8863 | All this is very much different from how @code{gnus-uu} worked with | |
8864 | @sc{gnus 4.1}, where you had explicit keystrokes for everything under | |
8865 | the sun. This version of @code{gnus-uu} generally assumes that you mark | |
8866 | articles in some way (@pxref{Setting Process Marks}) and then press | |
8867 | @kbd{X u}. | |
8868 | ||
8869 | @vindex gnus-uu-notify-files | |
8870 | Note: When trying to decode articles that have names matching | |
8871 | @code{gnus-uu-notify-files}, which is hard-coded to | |
8872 | @samp{[Cc][Ii][Nn][Dd][Yy][0-9]+.\\(gif\\|jpg\\)}, @code{gnus-uu} will | |
8873 | automatically post an article on @samp{comp.unix.wizards} saying that | |
8874 | you have just viewed the file in question. This feature can't be turned | |
8875 | off. | |
8876 | ||
8877 | ||
8878 | @node Shell Archives | |
8879 | @subsection Shell Archives | |
8880 | @cindex unshar | |
8881 | @cindex shell archives | |
8882 | @cindex shared articles | |
8883 | ||
8884 | Shell archives (``shar files'') used to be a popular way to distribute | |
8885 | sources, but it isn't used all that much today. In any case, we have | |
8886 | some commands to deal with these: | |
8887 | ||
8888 | @table @kbd | |
8889 | ||
8890 | @item X s | |
8891 | @kindex X s (Summary) | |
8892 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar | |
8893 | Unshars the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar}). | |
8894 | ||
8895 | @item X S | |
8896 | @kindex X S (Summary) | |
8897 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save | |
8898 | Unshars and saves the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save}). | |
8899 | ||
8900 | @item X v s | |
8901 | @kindex X v s (Summary) | |
8902 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar-view | |
8903 | Unshars and views the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar-view}). | |
8904 | ||
8905 | @item X v S | |
8906 | @kindex X v S (Summary) | |
8907 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save-view | |
8908 | Unshars, views and saves the current series | |
8909 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save-view}). | |
8910 | @end table | |
8911 | ||
8912 | ||
8913 | @node PostScript Files | |
8914 | @subsection PostScript Files | |
8915 | @cindex PostScript | |
8916 | ||
8917 | @table @kbd | |
8918 | ||
8919 | @item X p | |
8920 | @kindex X p (Summary) | |
8921 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript | |
8922 | Unpack the current PostScript series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript}). | |
8923 | ||
8924 | @item X P | |
8925 | @kindex X P (Summary) | |
8926 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save | |
8927 | Unpack and save the current PostScript series | |
8928 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save}). | |
8929 | ||
8930 | @item X v p | |
8931 | @kindex X v p (Summary) | |
8932 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript-view | |
8933 | View the current PostScript series | |
8934 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript-view}). | |
8935 | ||
8936 | @item X v P | |
8937 | @kindex X v P (Summary) | |
8938 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save-view | |
8939 | View and save the current PostScript series | |
8940 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save-view}). | |
8941 | @end table | |
8942 | ||
8943 | ||
8944 | @node Other Files | |
8945 | @subsection Other Files | |
8946 | ||
8947 | @table @kbd | |
8948 | @item X o | |
8949 | @kindex X o (Summary) | |
8950 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-save | |
8951 | Save the current series | |
8952 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-save}). | |
8953 | ||
8954 | @item X b | |
8955 | @kindex X b (Summary) | |
8956 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-binhex | |
8957 | Unbinhex the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-binhex}). This | |
8958 | doesn't really work yet. | |
b890d447 MB |
8959 | |
8960 | @item X Y | |
8961 | @kindex X Y (Summary) | |
8962 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-yenc | |
8963 | yEnc-decode the current series and save it (@code{gnus-uu-decode-yenc}). | |
4009494e GM |
8964 | @end table |
8965 | ||
8966 | ||
8967 | @node Decoding Variables | |
8968 | @subsection Decoding Variables | |
8969 | ||
8970 | Adjective, not verb. | |
8971 | ||
8972 | @menu | |
8973 | * Rule Variables:: Variables that say how a file is to be viewed. | |
8974 | * Other Decode Variables:: Other decode variables. | |
8975 | * Uuencoding and Posting:: Variables for customizing uuencoding. | |
8976 | @end menu | |
8977 | ||
8978 | ||
8979 | @node Rule Variables | |
8980 | @subsubsection Rule Variables | |
8981 | @cindex rule variables | |
8982 | ||
8983 | Gnus uses @dfn{rule variables} to decide how to view a file. All these | |
8984 | variables are of the form | |
8985 | ||
8986 | @lisp | |
8987 | (list '(regexp1 command2) | |
8988 | '(regexp2 command2) | |
8989 | ...) | |
8990 | @end lisp | |
8991 | ||
8992 | @table @code | |
8993 | ||
8994 | @item gnus-uu-user-view-rules | |
8995 | @vindex gnus-uu-user-view-rules | |
8996 | @cindex sox | |
8997 | This variable is consulted first when viewing files. If you wish to use, | |
8998 | for instance, @code{sox} to convert an @file{.au} sound file, you could | |
8999 | say something like: | |
9000 | @lisp | |
9001 | (setq gnus-uu-user-view-rules | |
9002 | (list '("\\\\.au$" "sox %s -t .aiff > /dev/audio"))) | |
9003 | @end lisp | |
9004 | ||
9005 | @item gnus-uu-user-view-rules-end | |
9006 | @vindex gnus-uu-user-view-rules-end | |
9007 | This variable is consulted if Gnus couldn't make any matches from the | |
9008 | user and default view rules. | |
9009 | ||
9010 | @item gnus-uu-user-archive-rules | |
9011 | @vindex gnus-uu-user-archive-rules | |
9012 | This variable can be used to say what commands should be used to unpack | |
9013 | archives. | |
9014 | @end table | |
9015 | ||
9016 | ||
9017 | @node Other Decode Variables | |
9018 | @subsubsection Other Decode Variables | |
9019 | ||
9020 | @table @code | |
9021 | @vindex gnus-uu-grabbed-file-functions | |
9022 | ||
9023 | @item gnus-uu-grabbed-file-functions | |
9024 | All functions in this list will be called right after each file has been | |
9025 | successfully decoded---so that you can move or view files right away, | |
9026 | and don't have to wait for all files to be decoded before you can do | |
9027 | anything. Ready-made functions you can put in this list are: | |
9028 | ||
9029 | @table @code | |
9030 | ||
9031 | @item gnus-uu-grab-view | |
9032 | @findex gnus-uu-grab-view | |
9033 | View the file. | |
9034 | ||
9035 | @item gnus-uu-grab-move | |
9036 | @findex gnus-uu-grab-move | |
9037 | Move the file (if you're using a saving function.) | |
9038 | @end table | |
9039 | ||
9040 | @item gnus-uu-be-dangerous | |
9041 | @vindex gnus-uu-be-dangerous | |
9042 | Specifies what to do if unusual situations arise during decoding. If | |
9043 | @code{nil}, be as conservative as possible. If @code{t}, ignore things | |
9044 | that didn't work, and overwrite existing files. Otherwise, ask each | |
9045 | time. | |
9046 | ||
9047 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-name | |
9048 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-name | |
9049 | Files with name matching this regular expression won't be viewed. | |
9050 | ||
9051 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-type | |
9052 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-type | |
9053 | Files with a @acronym{MIME} type matching this variable won't be viewed. | |
9054 | Note that Gnus tries to guess what type the file is based on the name. | |
9055 | @code{gnus-uu} is not a @acronym{MIME} package (yet), so this is slightly | |
9056 | kludgey. | |
9057 | ||
9058 | @item gnus-uu-tmp-dir | |
9059 | @vindex gnus-uu-tmp-dir | |
9060 | Where @code{gnus-uu} does its work. | |
9061 | ||
9062 | @item gnus-uu-do-not-unpack-archives | |
9063 | @vindex gnus-uu-do-not-unpack-archives | |
9064 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} won't peek inside archives | |
9065 | looking for files to display. | |
9066 | ||
9067 | @item gnus-uu-view-and-save | |
9068 | @vindex gnus-uu-view-and-save | |
9069 | Non-@code{nil} means that the user will always be asked to save a file | |
9070 | after viewing it. | |
9071 | ||
9072 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-default-view-rules | |
9073 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-default-view-rules | |
9074 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ignore the default viewing | |
9075 | rules. | |
9076 | ||
9077 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-default-archive-rules | |
9078 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-default-archive-rules | |
9079 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ignore the default archive | |
9080 | unpacking commands. | |
9081 | ||
9082 | @item gnus-uu-kill-carriage-return | |
9083 | @vindex gnus-uu-kill-carriage-return | |
9084 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will strip all carriage returns | |
9085 | from articles. | |
9086 | ||
9087 | @item gnus-uu-unmark-articles-not-decoded | |
9088 | @vindex gnus-uu-unmark-articles-not-decoded | |
9089 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will mark unsuccessfully | |
9090 | decoded articles as unread. | |
9091 | ||
9092 | @item gnus-uu-correct-stripped-uucode | |
9093 | @vindex gnus-uu-correct-stripped-uucode | |
9094 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will @emph{try} to fix | |
9095 | uuencoded files that have had trailing spaces deleted. | |
9096 | ||
9097 | @item gnus-uu-pre-uudecode-hook | |
9098 | @vindex gnus-uu-pre-uudecode-hook | |
9099 | Hook run before sending a message to @code{uudecode}. | |
9100 | ||
9101 | @item gnus-uu-view-with-metamail | |
9102 | @vindex gnus-uu-view-with-metamail | |
9103 | @cindex metamail | |
9104 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ignore the viewing | |
9105 | commands defined by the rule variables and just fudge a @acronym{MIME} | |
9106 | content type based on the file name. The result will be fed to | |
9107 | @code{metamail} for viewing. | |
9108 | ||
9109 | @item gnus-uu-save-in-digest | |
9110 | @vindex gnus-uu-save-in-digest | |
9111 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu}, when asked to save without | |
9112 | decoding, will save in digests. If this variable is @code{nil}, | |
9113 | @code{gnus-uu} will just save everything in a file without any | |
9114 | embellishments. The digesting almost conforms to RFC 1153---no easy way | |
9115 | to specify any meaningful volume and issue numbers were found, so I | |
9116 | simply dropped them. | |
9117 | ||
9118 | @end table | |
9119 | ||
9120 | ||
9121 | @node Uuencoding and Posting | |
9122 | @subsubsection Uuencoding and Posting | |
9123 | ||
9124 | @table @code | |
9125 | ||
9126 | @item gnus-uu-post-include-before-composing | |
9127 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-include-before-composing | |
9128 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ask for a file to encode | |
9129 | before you compose the article. If this variable is @code{t}, you can | |
9130 | either include an encoded file with @kbd{C-c C-i} or have one included | |
9131 | for you when you post the article. | |
9132 | ||
9133 | @item gnus-uu-post-length | |
9134 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-length | |
9135 | Maximum length of an article. The encoded file will be split into how | |
9136 | many articles it takes to post the entire file. | |
9137 | ||
9138 | @item gnus-uu-post-threaded | |
9139 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-threaded | |
9140 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will post the encoded file in a | |
9141 | thread. This may not be smart, as no other decoder I have seen is able | |
9142 | to follow threads when collecting uuencoded articles. (Well, I have | |
9143 | seen one package that does that---@code{gnus-uu}, but somehow, I don't | |
9144 | think that counts@dots{}) Default is @code{nil}. | |
9145 | ||
9146 | @item gnus-uu-post-separate-description | |
9147 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-separate-description | |
9148 | Non-@code{nil} means that the description will be posted in a separate | |
9149 | article. The first article will typically be numbered (0/x). If this | |
9150 | variable is @code{nil}, the description the user enters will be included | |
9151 | at the beginning of the first article, which will be numbered (1/x). | |
9152 | Default is @code{t}. | |
9153 | ||
9154 | @end table | |
9155 | ||
9156 | ||
9157 | @node Viewing Files | |
9158 | @subsection Viewing Files | |
9159 | @cindex viewing files | |
9160 | @cindex pseudo-articles | |
9161 | ||
9162 | After decoding, if the file is some sort of archive, Gnus will attempt | |
9163 | to unpack the archive and see if any of the files in the archive can be | |
9164 | viewed. For instance, if you have a gzipped tar file @file{pics.tar.gz} | |
9165 | containing the files @file{pic1.jpg} and @file{pic2.gif}, Gnus will | |
9166 | uncompress and de-tar the main file, and then view the two pictures. | |
9167 | This unpacking process is recursive, so if the archive contains archives | |
9168 | of archives, it'll all be unpacked. | |
9169 | ||
9170 | Finally, Gnus will normally insert a @dfn{pseudo-article} for each | |
9171 | extracted file into the summary buffer. If you go to these | |
9172 | ``articles'', you will be prompted for a command to run (usually Gnus | |
9173 | will make a suggestion), and then the command will be run. | |
9174 | ||
9175 | @vindex gnus-view-pseudo-asynchronously | |
9176 | If @code{gnus-view-pseudo-asynchronously} is @code{nil}, Emacs will wait | |
9177 | until the viewing is done before proceeding. | |
9178 | ||
9179 | @vindex gnus-view-pseudos | |
9180 | If @code{gnus-view-pseudos} is @code{automatic}, Gnus will not insert | |
9181 | the pseudo-articles into the summary buffer, but view them | |
9182 | immediately. If this variable is @code{not-confirm}, the user won't even | |
9183 | be asked for a confirmation before viewing is done. | |
9184 | ||
9185 | @vindex gnus-view-pseudos-separately | |
9186 | If @code{gnus-view-pseudos-separately} is non-@code{nil}, one | |
9187 | pseudo-article will be created for each file to be viewed. If | |
9188 | @code{nil}, all files that use the same viewing command will be given as | |
9189 | a list of parameters to that command. | |
9190 | ||
9191 | @vindex gnus-insert-pseudo-articles | |
9192 | If @code{gnus-insert-pseudo-articles} is non-@code{nil}, insert | |
9193 | pseudo-articles when decoding. It is @code{t} by default. | |
9194 | ||
9195 | So; there you are, reading your @emph{pseudo-articles} in your | |
9196 | @emph{virtual newsgroup} from the @emph{virtual server}; and you think: | |
9197 | Why isn't anything real anymore? How did we get here? | |
9198 | ||
9199 | ||
9200 | @node Article Treatment | |
9201 | @section Article Treatment | |
9202 | ||
9203 | Reading through this huge manual, you may have quite forgotten that the | |
9204 | object of newsreaders is to actually, like, read what people have | |
9205 | written. Reading articles. Unfortunately, people are quite bad at | |
9206 | writing, so there are tons of functions and variables to make reading | |
9207 | these articles easier. | |
9208 | ||
9209 | @menu | |
9210 | * Article Highlighting:: You want to make the article look like fruit salad. | |
9211 | * Article Fontisizing:: Making emphasized text look nice. | |
9212 | * Article Hiding:: You also want to make certain info go away. | |
9213 | * Article Washing:: Lots of way-neat functions to make life better. | |
9214 | * Article Header:: Doing various header transformations. | |
9215 | * Article Buttons:: Click on URLs, Message-IDs, addresses and the like. | |
9216 | * Article Button Levels:: Controlling appearance of buttons. | |
9217 | * Article Date:: Grumble, UT! | |
61b1af82 G |
9218 | * Article Display:: Display various stuff: |
9219 | X-Face, Picons, Gravatars, Smileys. | |
4009494e GM |
9220 | * Article Signature:: What is a signature? |
9221 | * Article Miscellanea:: Various other stuff. | |
9222 | @end menu | |
9223 | ||
9224 | ||
9225 | @node Article Highlighting | |
9226 | @subsection Article Highlighting | |
9227 | @cindex highlighting | |
9228 | ||
9229 | Not only do you want your article buffer to look like fruit salad, but | |
9230 | you want it to look like technicolor fruit salad. | |
9231 | ||
9232 | @table @kbd | |
9233 | ||
9234 | @item W H a | |
9235 | @kindex W H a (Summary) | |
9236 | @findex gnus-article-highlight | |
9237 | @findex gnus-article-maybe-highlight | |
9238 | Do much highlighting of the current article | |
9239 | (@code{gnus-article-highlight}). This function highlights header, cited | |
9240 | text, the signature, and adds buttons to the body and the head. | |
9241 | ||
9242 | @item W H h | |
9243 | @kindex W H h (Summary) | |
9244 | @findex gnus-article-highlight-headers | |
9245 | @vindex gnus-header-face-alist | |
9246 | Highlight the headers (@code{gnus-article-highlight-headers}). The | |
9247 | highlighting will be done according to the @code{gnus-header-face-alist} | |
9248 | variable, which is a list where each element has the form | |
9249 | @code{(@var{regexp} @var{name} @var{content})}. | |
9250 | @var{regexp} is a regular expression for matching the | |
9251 | header, @var{name} is the face used for highlighting the header name | |
9252 | (@pxref{Faces and Fonts}) and @var{content} is the face for highlighting | |
9253 | the header value. The first match made will be used. Note that | |
9254 | @var{regexp} shouldn't have @samp{^} prepended---Gnus will add one. | |
9255 | ||
9256 | @item W H c | |
9257 | @kindex W H c (Summary) | |
9258 | @findex gnus-article-highlight-citation | |
9259 | Highlight cited text (@code{gnus-article-highlight-citation}). | |
9260 | ||
9261 | Some variables to customize the citation highlights: | |
9262 | ||
9263 | @table @code | |
9264 | @vindex gnus-cite-parse-max-size | |
9265 | ||
9266 | @item gnus-cite-parse-max-size | |
9267 | If the article size in bytes is bigger than this variable (which is | |
9268 | 25000 by default), no citation highlighting will be performed. | |
9269 | ||
9270 | @item gnus-cite-max-prefix | |
9271 | @vindex gnus-cite-max-prefix | |
9272 | Maximum possible length for a citation prefix (default 20). | |
9273 | ||
9274 | @item gnus-cite-face-list | |
9275 | @vindex gnus-cite-face-list | |
9276 | List of faces used for highlighting citations (@pxref{Faces and Fonts}). | |
9277 | When there are citations from multiple articles in the same message, | |
9278 | Gnus will try to give each citation from each article its own face. | |
9279 | This should make it easier to see who wrote what. | |
9280 | ||
9281 | @item gnus-supercite-regexp | |
9282 | @vindex gnus-supercite-regexp | |
9283 | Regexp matching normal Supercite attribution lines. | |
9284 | ||
9285 | @item gnus-supercite-secondary-regexp | |
9286 | @vindex gnus-supercite-secondary-regexp | |
9287 | Regexp matching mangled Supercite attribution lines. | |
9288 | ||
9289 | @item gnus-cite-minimum-match-count | |
9290 | @vindex gnus-cite-minimum-match-count | |
9291 | Minimum number of identical prefixes we have to see before we believe | |
9292 | that it's a citation. | |
9293 | ||
9294 | @item gnus-cite-attribution-prefix | |
9295 | @vindex gnus-cite-attribution-prefix | |
9296 | Regexp matching the beginning of an attribution line. | |
9297 | ||
9298 | @item gnus-cite-attribution-suffix | |
9299 | @vindex gnus-cite-attribution-suffix | |
9300 | Regexp matching the end of an attribution line. | |
9301 | ||
9302 | @item gnus-cite-attribution-face | |
9303 | @vindex gnus-cite-attribution-face | |
9304 | Face used for attribution lines. It is merged with the face for the | |
9305 | cited text belonging to the attribution. | |
9306 | ||
9307 | @item gnus-cite-ignore-quoted-from | |
9308 | @vindex gnus-cite-ignore-quoted-from | |
9309 | If non-@code{nil}, no citation highlighting will be performed on lines | |
9310 | beginning with @samp{>From }. Those lines may have been quoted by MTAs | |
9311 | in order not to mix up with the envelope From line. The default value | |
9312 | is @code{t}. | |
9313 | ||
9314 | @end table | |
9315 | ||
9316 | ||
9317 | @item W H s | |
9318 | @kindex W H s (Summary) | |
9319 | @vindex gnus-signature-separator | |
9320 | @vindex gnus-signature-face | |
9321 | @findex gnus-article-highlight-signature | |
9322 | Highlight the signature (@code{gnus-article-highlight-signature}). | |
9323 | Everything after @code{gnus-signature-separator} (@pxref{Article | |
9324 | Signature}) in an article will be considered a signature and will be | |
9325 | highlighted with @code{gnus-signature-face}, which is @code{italic} by | |
9326 | default. | |
9327 | ||
9328 | @end table | |
9329 | ||
9330 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to highlight articles automatically. | |
9331 | ||
9332 | ||
9333 | @node Article Fontisizing | |
9334 | @subsection Article Fontisizing | |
9335 | @cindex emphasis | |
9336 | @cindex article emphasis | |
9337 | ||
9338 | @findex gnus-article-emphasize | |
9339 | @kindex W e (Summary) | |
9340 | People commonly add emphasis to words in news articles by writing things | |
9341 | like @samp{_this_} or @samp{*this*} or @samp{/this/}. Gnus can make | |
9342 | this look nicer by running the article through the @kbd{W e} | |
9343 | (@code{gnus-article-emphasize}) command. | |
9344 | ||
9345 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-alist | |
9346 | How the emphasis is computed is controlled by the | |
9347 | @code{gnus-emphasis-alist} variable. This is an alist where the first | |
9348 | element is a regular expression to be matched. The second is a number | |
9349 | that says what regular expression grouping is used to find the entire | |
9350 | emphasized word. The third is a number that says what regexp grouping | |
9351 | should be displayed and highlighted. (The text between these two | |
9352 | groupings will be hidden.) The fourth is the face used for | |
9353 | highlighting. | |
9354 | ||
9355 | @lisp | |
9356 | (setq gnus-emphasis-alist | |
9357 | '(("_\\(\\w+\\)_" 0 1 gnus-emphasis-underline) | |
9358 | ("\\*\\(\\w+\\)\\*" 0 1 gnus-emphasis-bold))) | |
9359 | @end lisp | |
9360 | ||
9361 | @cindex slash | |
9362 | @cindex asterisk | |
9363 | @cindex underline | |
9364 | @cindex / | |
9365 | @cindex * | |
9366 | ||
9367 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline | |
9368 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-bold | |
9369 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-italic | |
9370 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline-bold | |
9371 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline-italic | |
9372 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-bold-italic | |
9373 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline-bold-italic | |
9374 | By default, there are seven rules, and they use the following faces: | |
9375 | @code{gnus-emphasis-bold}, @code{gnus-emphasis-italic}, | |
9376 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline}, @code{gnus-emphasis-bold-italic}, | |
9377 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline-italic}, | |
9378 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline-bold}, and | |
9379 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline-bold-italic}. | |
9380 | ||
9381 | If you want to change these faces, you can either use @kbd{M-x | |
9382 | customize}, or you can use @code{copy-face}. For instance, if you want | |
9383 | to make @code{gnus-emphasis-italic} use a red face instead, you could | |
9384 | say something like: | |
9385 | ||
9386 | @lisp | |
9387 | (copy-face 'red 'gnus-emphasis-italic) | |
9388 | @end lisp | |
9389 | ||
9390 | @vindex gnus-group-highlight-words-alist | |
9391 | ||
9392 | If you want to highlight arbitrary words, you can use the | |
9393 | @code{gnus-group-highlight-words-alist} variable, which uses the same | |
9394 | syntax as @code{gnus-emphasis-alist}. The @code{highlight-words} group | |
9395 | parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) can also be used. | |
9396 | ||
9397 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to fontize articles automatically. | |
9398 | ||
9399 | ||
9400 | @node Article Hiding | |
9401 | @subsection Article Hiding | |
9402 | @cindex article hiding | |
9403 | ||
9404 | Or rather, hiding certain things in each article. There usually is much | |
9405 | too much cruft in most articles. | |
9406 | ||
9407 | @table @kbd | |
9408 | ||
9409 | @item W W a | |
9410 | @kindex W W a (Summary) | |
9411 | @findex gnus-article-hide | |
9412 | Do quite a lot of hiding on the article buffer | |
9413 | (@kbd{gnus-article-hide}). In particular, this function will hide | |
9414 | headers, @acronym{PGP}, cited text and the signature. | |
9415 | ||
9416 | @item W W h | |
9417 | @kindex W W h (Summary) | |
9418 | @findex gnus-article-hide-headers | |
9419 | Hide headers (@code{gnus-article-hide-headers}). @xref{Hiding | |
9420 | Headers}. | |
9421 | ||
9422 | @item W W b | |
9423 | @kindex W W b (Summary) | |
9424 | @findex gnus-article-hide-boring-headers | |
9425 | Hide headers that aren't particularly interesting | |
9426 | (@code{gnus-article-hide-boring-headers}). @xref{Hiding Headers}. | |
9427 | ||
9428 | @item W W s | |
9429 | @kindex W W s (Summary) | |
9430 | @findex gnus-article-hide-signature | |
9431 | Hide signature (@code{gnus-article-hide-signature}). @xref{Article | |
9432 | Signature}. | |
9433 | ||
9434 | @item W W l | |
9435 | @kindex W W l (Summary) | |
9436 | @findex gnus-article-hide-list-identifiers | |
9437 | @vindex gnus-list-identifiers | |
9438 | Strip list identifiers specified in @code{gnus-list-identifiers}. These | |
9439 | are strings some mailing list servers add to the beginning of all | |
9440 | @code{Subject} headers---for example, @samp{[zebra 4711]}. Any leading | |
9441 | @samp{Re: } is skipped before stripping. @code{gnus-list-identifiers} | |
9442 | may not contain @code{\\(..\\)}. | |
9443 | ||
9444 | @table @code | |
9445 | ||
9446 | @item gnus-list-identifiers | |
9447 | @vindex gnus-list-identifiers | |
9448 | A regular expression that matches list identifiers to be removed from | |
9449 | subject. This can also be a list of regular expressions. | |
9450 | ||
9451 | @end table | |
9452 | ||
9453 | @item W W P | |
9454 | @kindex W W P (Summary) | |
9455 | @findex gnus-article-hide-pem | |
9456 | Hide @acronym{PEM} (privacy enhanced messages) cruft | |
9457 | (@code{gnus-article-hide-pem}). | |
9458 | ||
9459 | @item W W B | |
9460 | @kindex W W B (Summary) | |
9461 | @findex gnus-article-strip-banner | |
9462 | @vindex gnus-article-banner-alist | |
9463 | @vindex gnus-article-address-banner-alist | |
9464 | @cindex banner | |
9465 | @cindex OneList | |
9466 | @cindex stripping advertisements | |
9467 | @cindex advertisements | |
9468 | Strip the banner specified by the @code{banner} group parameter | |
9469 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-banner}). This is mainly used to hide those | |
9470 | annoying banners and/or signatures that some mailing lists and moderated | |
9471 | groups adds to all the messages. The way to use this function is to add | |
9472 | the @code{banner} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) to the | |
9473 | group you want banners stripped from. The parameter either be a string, | |
9474 | which will be interpreted as a regular expression matching text to be | |
9475 | removed, or the symbol @code{signature}, meaning that the (last) | |
9476 | signature should be removed, or other symbol, meaning that the | |
9477 | corresponding regular expression in @code{gnus-article-banner-alist} is | |
9478 | used. | |
9479 | ||
a3f57c41 G |
9480 | For instance: |
9481 | ||
9482 | @lisp | |
9483 | (setq gnus-article-banner-alist | |
9484 | ((googleGroups . | |
9485 | "^\n*--~--~---------\\(.+\n\\)+"))) | |
9486 | @end lisp | |
9487 | ||
4009494e GM |
9488 | Regardless of a group, you can hide things like advertisements only when |
9489 | the sender of an article has a certain mail address specified in | |
9490 | @code{gnus-article-address-banner-alist}. | |
9491 | ||
9492 | @table @code | |
9493 | ||
9494 | @item gnus-article-address-banner-alist | |
9495 | @vindex gnus-article-address-banner-alist | |
9496 | Alist of mail addresses and banners. Each element has the form | |
9497 | @code{(@var{address} . @var{banner})}, where @var{address} is a regexp | |
9498 | matching a mail address in the From header, @var{banner} is one of a | |
9499 | symbol @code{signature}, an item in @code{gnus-article-banner-alist}, | |
9500 | a regexp and @code{nil}. If @var{address} matches author's mail | |
9501 | address, it will remove things like advertisements. For example, if a | |
9502 | sender has the mail address @samp{hail@@yoo-hoo.co.jp} and there is a | |
9503 | banner something like @samp{Do You Yoo-hoo!?} in all articles he | |
9504 | sends, you can use the following element to remove them: | |
9505 | ||
9506 | @lisp | |
9507 | ("@@yoo-hoo\\.co\\.jp\\'" . | |
9508 | "\n_+\nDo You Yoo-hoo!\\?\n.*\n.*\n") | |
9509 | @end lisp | |
9510 | ||
9511 | @end table | |
9512 | ||
9513 | @item W W c | |
9514 | @kindex W W c (Summary) | |
9515 | @findex gnus-article-hide-citation | |
9516 | Hide citation (@code{gnus-article-hide-citation}). Some variables for | |
9517 | customizing the hiding: | |
9518 | ||
9519 | @table @code | |
9520 | ||
9521 | @item gnus-cited-opened-text-button-line-format | |
9522 | @itemx gnus-cited-closed-text-button-line-format | |
9523 | @vindex gnus-cited-closed-text-button-line-format | |
9524 | @vindex gnus-cited-opened-text-button-line-format | |
9525 | Gnus adds buttons to show where the cited text has been hidden, and to | |
9526 | allow toggle hiding the text. The format of the variable is specified | |
9527 | by these format-like variable (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). These | |
9528 | specs are valid: | |
9529 | ||
9530 | @table @samp | |
9531 | @item b | |
9532 | Starting point of the hidden text. | |
9533 | @item e | |
9534 | Ending point of the hidden text. | |
9535 | @item l | |
9536 | Number of characters in the hidden region. | |
9537 | @item n | |
9538 | Number of lines of hidden text. | |
9539 | @end table | |
9540 | ||
9541 | @item gnus-cited-lines-visible | |
9542 | @vindex gnus-cited-lines-visible | |
9543 | The number of lines at the beginning of the cited text to leave | |
9544 | shown. This can also be a cons cell with the number of lines at the top | |
9545 | and bottom of the text, respectively, to remain visible. | |
9546 | ||
9547 | @end table | |
9548 | ||
9549 | @item W W C-c | |
9550 | @kindex W W C-c (Summary) | |
9551 | @findex gnus-article-hide-citation-maybe | |
9552 | ||
9553 | Hide citation (@code{gnus-article-hide-citation-maybe}) depending on the | |
9554 | following two variables: | |
9555 | ||
9556 | @table @code | |
9557 | @item gnus-cite-hide-percentage | |
9558 | @vindex gnus-cite-hide-percentage | |
9559 | If the cited text is of a bigger percentage than this variable (default | |
9560 | 50), hide the cited text. | |
9561 | ||
9562 | @item gnus-cite-hide-absolute | |
9563 | @vindex gnus-cite-hide-absolute | |
9564 | The cited text must have at least this length (default 10) before it | |
9565 | is hidden. | |
9566 | @end table | |
9567 | ||
9568 | @item W W C | |
9569 | @kindex W W C (Summary) | |
9570 | @findex gnus-article-hide-citation-in-followups | |
9571 | Hide cited text in articles that aren't roots | |
9572 | (@code{gnus-article-hide-citation-in-followups}). This isn't very | |
9573 | useful as an interactive command, but might be a handy function to stick | |
9574 | have happen automatically (@pxref{Customizing Articles}). | |
9575 | ||
9576 | @end table | |
9577 | ||
9578 | All these ``hiding'' commands are toggles, but if you give a negative | |
9579 | prefix to these commands, they will show what they have previously | |
9580 | hidden. If you give a positive prefix, they will always hide. | |
9581 | ||
9582 | Also @pxref{Article Highlighting} for further variables for | |
9583 | citation customization. | |
9584 | ||
9585 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to hide article elements | |
9586 | automatically. | |
9587 | ||
9588 | ||
9589 | @node Article Washing | |
9590 | @subsection Article Washing | |
9591 | @cindex washing | |
9592 | @cindex article washing | |
9593 | ||
9594 | We call this ``article washing'' for a really good reason. Namely, the | |
9595 | @kbd{A} key was taken, so we had to use the @kbd{W} key instead. | |
9596 | ||
9597 | @dfn{Washing} is defined by us as ``changing something from something to | |
9598 | something else'', but normally results in something looking better. | |
9599 | Cleaner, perhaps. | |
9600 | ||
9601 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, if you want to change how Gnus displays | |
9602 | articles by default. | |
9603 | ||
9604 | @table @kbd | |
9605 | ||
9606 | @item C-u g | |
9607 | This is not really washing, it's sort of the opposite of washing. If | |
9608 | you type this, you see the article exactly as it exists on disk or on | |
9609 | the server. | |
9610 | ||
9611 | @item g | |
9612 | Force redisplaying of the current article | |
9613 | (@code{gnus-summary-show-article}). This is also not really washing. | |
9614 | If you type this, you see the article without any previously applied | |
9615 | interactive Washing functions but with all default treatments | |
9616 | (@pxref{Customizing Articles}). | |
9617 | ||
9618 | @item W l | |
9619 | @kindex W l (Summary) | |
9620 | @findex gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking | |
9621 | Remove page breaks from the current article | |
9622 | (@code{gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking}). @xref{Misc Article}, for page | |
9623 | delimiters. | |
9624 | ||
9625 | @item W r | |
9626 | @kindex W r (Summary) | |
9627 | @findex gnus-summary-caesar-message | |
9628 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-caesar-message} | |
9629 | Do a Caesar rotate (rot13) on the article buffer | |
9630 | (@code{gnus-summary-caesar-message}). | |
9631 | Unreadable articles that tell you to read them with Caesar rotate or rot13. | |
9632 | (Typically offensive jokes and such.) | |
9633 | ||
9634 | It's commonly called ``rot13'' because each letter is rotated 13 | |
9635 | positions in the alphabet, e. g. @samp{B} (letter #2) -> @samp{O} (letter | |
9636 | #15). It is sometimes referred to as ``Caesar rotate'' because Caesar | |
9637 | is rumored to have employed this form of, uh, somewhat weak encryption. | |
9638 | ||
9639 | @item W m | |
9640 | @kindex W m (Summary) | |
9641 | @findex gnus-summary-morse-message | |
9642 | Morse decode the article buffer (@code{gnus-summary-morse-message}). | |
9643 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
9644 | @item W i |
9645 | @kindex W i (Summary) | |
9646 | @findex gnus-summary-idna-message | |
9647 | Decode IDNA encoded domain names in the current articles. IDNA | |
9648 | encoded domain names looks like @samp{xn--bar}. If a string remain | |
9649 | unencoded after running invoking this, it is likely an invalid IDNA | |
9650 | string (@samp{xn--bar} is invalid). You must have GNU Libidn | |
9651 | (@url{http://www.gnu.org/software/libidn/}) installed for this command | |
9652 | to work. | |
9653 | ||
4009494e GM |
9654 | @item W t |
9655 | @item t | |
9656 | @kindex W t (Summary) | |
9657 | @kindex t (Summary) | |
9658 | @findex gnus-summary-toggle-header | |
9659 | Toggle whether to display all headers in the article buffer | |
9660 | (@code{gnus-summary-toggle-header}). | |
9661 | ||
9662 | @item W v | |
9663 | @kindex W v (Summary) | |
9664 | @findex gnus-summary-verbose-headers | |
9665 | Toggle whether to display all headers in the article buffer permanently | |
9666 | (@code{gnus-summary-verbose-headers}). | |
9667 | ||
9668 | @item W o | |
9669 | @kindex W o (Summary) | |
9670 | @findex gnus-article-treat-overstrike | |
9671 | Treat overstrike (@code{gnus-article-treat-overstrike}). | |
9672 | ||
9673 | @item W d | |
9674 | @kindex W d (Summary) | |
9675 | @findex gnus-article-treat-dumbquotes | |
9676 | @vindex gnus-article-dumbquotes-map | |
9677 | @cindex Smartquotes | |
9678 | @cindex M****s*** sm*rtq**t*s | |
9679 | @cindex Latin 1 | |
9680 | Treat M****s*** sm*rtq**t*s according to | |
9681 | @code{gnus-article-dumbquotes-map} | |
9682 | (@code{gnus-article-treat-dumbquotes}). Note that this function guesses | |
9683 | whether a character is a sm*rtq**t* or not, so it should only be used | |
9684 | interactively. | |
9685 | ||
9686 | Sm*rtq**t*s are M****s***'s unilateral extension to the character map in | |
9687 | an attempt to provide more quoting characters. If you see something | |
9688 | like @code{\222} or @code{\264} where you're expecting some kind of | |
9689 | apostrophe or quotation mark, then try this wash. | |
9690 | ||
9691 | @item W Y f | |
9692 | @kindex W Y f (Summary) | |
9693 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-deuglify-article | |
9694 | @cindex Outlook Express | |
9695 | Full deuglify of broken Outlook (Express) articles: Treat dumbquotes, | |
9696 | unwrap lines, repair attribution and rearrange citation. | |
9697 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-deuglify-article}). | |
9698 | ||
9699 | @item W Y u | |
9700 | @kindex W Y u (Summary) | |
9701 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-unwrap-lines | |
9702 | @vindex gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-min | |
9703 | @vindex gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-max | |
9704 | Unwrap lines that appear to be wrapped citation lines. You can control | |
9705 | what lines will be unwrapped by frobbing | |
9706 | @code{gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-min} and | |
9707 | @code{gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-max}, indicating the minimum and | |
9708 | maximum length of an unwrapped citation line. | |
9709 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-unwrap-lines}). | |
9710 | ||
9711 | @item W Y a | |
9712 | @kindex W Y a (Summary) | |
9713 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution | |
9714 | Repair a broken attribution line.@* | |
9715 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution}). | |
9716 | ||
9717 | @item W Y c | |
9718 | @kindex W Y c (Summary) | |
9719 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-rearrange-citation | |
9720 | Repair broken citations by rearranging the text. | |
9721 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-rearrange-citation}). | |
9722 | ||
9723 | @item W w | |
9724 | @kindex W w (Summary) | |
9725 | @findex gnus-article-fill-cited-article | |
9726 | Do word wrap (@code{gnus-article-fill-cited-article}). | |
9727 | ||
9728 | You can give the command a numerical prefix to specify the width to use | |
9729 | when filling. | |
9730 | ||
9731 | @item W Q | |
9732 | @kindex W Q (Summary) | |
9733 | @findex gnus-article-fill-long-lines | |
9734 | Fill long lines (@code{gnus-article-fill-long-lines}). | |
9735 | ||
9736 | @item W C | |
9737 | @kindex W C (Summary) | |
9738 | @findex gnus-article-capitalize-sentences | |
9739 | Capitalize the first word in each sentence | |
9740 | (@code{gnus-article-capitalize-sentences}). | |
9741 | ||
9742 | @item W c | |
9743 | @kindex W c (Summary) | |
9744 | @findex gnus-article-remove-cr | |
9745 | Translate CRLF pairs (i. e., @samp{^M}s on the end of the lines) into LF | |
9746 | (this takes care of DOS line endings), and then translate any remaining | |
9747 | CRs into LF (this takes care of Mac line endings) | |
9748 | (@code{gnus-article-remove-cr}). | |
9749 | ||
9750 | @item W q | |
9751 | @kindex W q (Summary) | |
9752 | @findex gnus-article-de-quoted-unreadable | |
9753 | Treat quoted-printable (@code{gnus-article-de-quoted-unreadable}). | |
9754 | Quoted-Printable is one common @acronym{MIME} encoding employed when | |
9755 | sending non-@acronym{ASCII} (i.e., 8-bit) articles. It typically | |
01c52d31 MB |
9756 | makes strings like @samp{d@'ej@`a vu} look like @samp{d=E9j=E0 vu}, |
9757 | which doesn't look very readable to me. Note that this is usually | |
9758 | done automatically by Gnus if the message in question has a | |
4009494e GM |
9759 | @code{Content-Transfer-Encoding} header that says that this encoding |
9760 | has been done. If a prefix is given, a charset will be asked for. | |
9761 | ||
9762 | @item W 6 | |
9763 | @kindex W 6 (Summary) | |
9764 | @findex gnus-article-de-base64-unreadable | |
9765 | Treat base64 (@code{gnus-article-de-base64-unreadable}). Base64 is | |
9766 | one common @acronym{MIME} encoding employed when sending | |
9767 | non-@acronym{ASCII} (i.e., 8-bit) articles. Note that this is | |
9768 | usually done automatically by Gnus if the message in question has a | |
9769 | @code{Content-Transfer-Encoding} header that says that this encoding | |
9770 | has been done. If a prefix is given, a charset will be asked for. | |
9771 | ||
9772 | @item W Z | |
9773 | @kindex W Z (Summary) | |
9774 | @findex gnus-article-decode-HZ | |
9775 | Treat HZ or HZP (@code{gnus-article-decode-HZ}). HZ (or HZP) is one | |
9776 | common encoding employed when sending Chinese articles. It typically | |
9777 | makes strings look like @samp{~@{<:Ky2;S@{#,NpJ)l6HK!#~@}}. | |
9778 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
9779 | @item W A |
9780 | @kindex W A (Summary) | |
9781 | @findex gnus-article-treat-ansi-sequences | |
9782 | @cindex @acronym{ANSI} control sequences | |
9783 | Translate @acronym{ANSI} SGR control sequences into overlays or | |
9784 | extents (@code{gnus-article-treat-ansi-sequences}). @acronym{ANSI} | |
9785 | sequences are used in some Chinese hierarchies for highlighting. | |
9786 | ||
4009494e GM |
9787 | @item W u |
9788 | @kindex W u (Summary) | |
9789 | @findex gnus-article-unsplit-urls | |
9790 | Remove newlines from within URLs. Some mailers insert newlines into | |
9791 | outgoing email messages to keep lines short. This reformatting can | |
9792 | split long URLs onto multiple lines. Repair those URLs by removing | |
9793 | the newlines (@code{gnus-article-unsplit-urls}). | |
9794 | ||
9795 | @item W h | |
9796 | @kindex W h (Summary) | |
9797 | @findex gnus-article-wash-html | |
9798 | Treat @acronym{HTML} (@code{gnus-article-wash-html}). Note that this is | |
9799 | usually done automatically by Gnus if the message in question has a | |
9800 | @code{Content-Type} header that says that the message is @acronym{HTML}. | |
9801 | ||
9802 | If a prefix is given, a charset will be asked for. If it is a number, | |
9803 | the charset defined in @code{gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist} | |
9804 | (@pxref{Paging the Article}) will be used. | |
9805 | ||
9806 | @vindex gnus-article-wash-function | |
9807 | The default is to use the function specified by | |
9808 | @code{mm-text-html-renderer} (@pxref{Display Customization, ,Display | |
9809 | Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME Manual}) to convert the | |
9810 | @acronym{HTML}, but this is controlled by the | |
9811 | @code{gnus-article-wash-function} variable. Pre-defined functions you | |
9812 | can use include: | |
9813 | ||
9814 | @table @code | |
0e6b7ca0 JD |
9815 | @item gnus-article-html |
9816 | Use Gnus rendered based on w3m. | |
9817 | ||
4009494e GM |
9818 | @item w3 |
9819 | Use Emacs/W3. | |
9820 | ||
9821 | @item w3m | |
9822 | Use @uref{http://emacs-w3m.namazu.org/, emacs-w3m}. | |
9823 | ||
9824 | @item w3m-standalone | |
9825 | Use @uref{http://w3m.sourceforge.net/, w3m}. | |
9826 | ||
9827 | @item links | |
9828 | Use @uref{http://links.sf.net/, Links}. | |
9829 | ||
9830 | @item lynx | |
9831 | Use @uref{http://lynx.isc.org/, Lynx}. | |
9832 | ||
9833 | @item html2text | |
9834 | Use html2text---a simple @acronym{HTML} converter included with Gnus. | |
9835 | ||
9836 | @end table | |
9837 | ||
9838 | @item W b | |
9839 | @kindex W b (Summary) | |
9840 | @findex gnus-article-add-buttons | |
9841 | Add clickable buttons to the article (@code{gnus-article-add-buttons}). | |
9842 | @xref{Article Buttons}. | |
9843 | ||
9844 | @item W B | |
9845 | @kindex W B (Summary) | |
9846 | @findex gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head | |
9847 | Add clickable buttons to the article headers | |
9848 | (@code{gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head}). | |
9849 | ||
9850 | @item W p | |
9851 | @kindex W p (Summary) | |
9852 | @findex gnus-article-verify-x-pgp-sig | |
9853 | Verify a signed control message | |
9854 | (@code{gnus-article-verify-x-pgp-sig}). Control messages such as | |
9855 | @code{newgroup} and @code{checkgroups} are usually signed by the | |
9856 | hierarchy maintainer. You need to add the @acronym{PGP} public key of | |
9857 | the maintainer to your keyring to verify the | |
9858 | message.@footnote{@acronym{PGP} keys for many hierarchies are | |
9859 | available at @uref{ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/README.html}} | |
9860 | ||
9861 | @item W s | |
9862 | @kindex W s (Summary) | |
9863 | @findex gnus-summary-force-verify-and-decrypt | |
9864 | Verify a signed (@acronym{PGP}, @acronym{PGP/MIME} or | |
9865 | @acronym{S/MIME}) message | |
9866 | (@code{gnus-summary-force-verify-and-decrypt}). @xref{Security}. | |
9867 | ||
9868 | @item W a | |
9869 | @kindex W a (Summary) | |
9870 | @findex gnus-article-strip-headers-in-body | |
9871 | Strip headers like the @code{X-No-Archive} header from the beginning of | |
9872 | article bodies (@code{gnus-article-strip-headers-in-body}). | |
9873 | ||
9874 | @item W E l | |
9875 | @kindex W E l (Summary) | |
9876 | @findex gnus-article-strip-leading-blank-lines | |
9877 | Remove all blank lines from the beginning of the article | |
9878 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-leading-blank-lines}). | |
9879 | ||
9880 | @item W E m | |
9881 | @kindex W E m (Summary) | |
9882 | @findex gnus-article-strip-multiple-blank-lines | |
9883 | Replace all blank lines with empty lines and then all multiple empty | |
9884 | lines with a single empty line. | |
9885 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-multiple-blank-lines}). | |
9886 | ||
9887 | @item W E t | |
9888 | @kindex W E t (Summary) | |
9889 | @findex gnus-article-remove-trailing-blank-lines | |
9890 | Remove all blank lines at the end of the article | |
9891 | (@code{gnus-article-remove-trailing-blank-lines}). | |
9892 | ||
9893 | @item W E a | |
9894 | @kindex W E a (Summary) | |
9895 | @findex gnus-article-strip-blank-lines | |
9896 | Do all the three commands above | |
9897 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-blank-lines}). | |
9898 | ||
9899 | @item W E A | |
9900 | @kindex W E A (Summary) | |
9901 | @findex gnus-article-strip-all-blank-lines | |
9902 | Remove all blank lines | |
9903 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-all-blank-lines}). | |
9904 | ||
9905 | @item W E s | |
9906 | @kindex W E s (Summary) | |
9907 | @findex gnus-article-strip-leading-space | |
9908 | Remove all white space from the beginning of all lines of the article | |
9909 | body (@code{gnus-article-strip-leading-space}). | |
9910 | ||
9911 | @item W E e | |
9912 | @kindex W E e (Summary) | |
9913 | @findex gnus-article-strip-trailing-space | |
9914 | Remove all white space from the end of all lines of the article | |
9915 | body (@code{gnus-article-strip-trailing-space}). | |
9916 | ||
9917 | @end table | |
9918 | ||
9919 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to wash articles automatically. | |
9920 | ||
9921 | ||
9922 | @node Article Header | |
9923 | @subsection Article Header | |
9924 | ||
9925 | These commands perform various transformations of article header. | |
9926 | ||
9927 | @table @kbd | |
9928 | ||
9929 | @item W G u | |
9930 | @kindex W G u (Summary) | |
9931 | @findex gnus-article-treat-unfold-headers | |
9932 | Unfold folded header lines (@code{gnus-article-treat-unfold-headers}). | |
9933 | ||
9934 | @item W G n | |
9935 | @kindex W G n (Summary) | |
9936 | @findex gnus-article-treat-fold-newsgroups | |
9937 | Fold the @code{Newsgroups} and @code{Followup-To} headers | |
9938 | (@code{gnus-article-treat-fold-newsgroups}). | |
9939 | ||
9940 | @item W G f | |
9941 | @kindex W G f (Summary) | |
9942 | @findex gnus-article-treat-fold-headers | |
9943 | Fold all the message headers | |
9944 | (@code{gnus-article-treat-fold-headers}). | |
9945 | ||
9946 | @item W E w | |
9947 | @kindex W E w (Summary) | |
9948 | @findex gnus-article-remove-leading-whitespace | |
9949 | Remove excessive whitespace from all headers | |
9950 | (@code{gnus-article-remove-leading-whitespace}). | |
9951 | ||
9952 | @end table | |
9953 | ||
9954 | ||
9955 | @node Article Buttons | |
9956 | @subsection Article Buttons | |
9957 | @cindex buttons | |
9958 | ||
9959 | People often include references to other stuff in articles, and it would | |
9960 | be nice if Gnus could just fetch whatever it is that people talk about | |
9961 | with the minimum of fuzz when you hit @kbd{RET} or use the middle mouse | |
9962 | button on these references. | |
9963 | ||
9964 | @vindex gnus-button-man-handler | |
9965 | Gnus adds @dfn{buttons} to certain standard references by default: | |
9966 | Well-formed URLs, mail addresses, Message-IDs, Info links, man pages and | |
9967 | Emacs or Gnus related references. This is controlled by two variables, | |
9968 | one that handles article bodies and one that handles article heads: | |
9969 | ||
9970 | @table @code | |
9971 | ||
9972 | @item gnus-button-alist | |
9973 | @vindex gnus-button-alist | |
9974 | This is an alist where each entry has this form: | |
9975 | ||
9976 | @lisp | |
9977 | (@var{regexp} @var{button-par} @var{use-p} @var{function} @var{data-par}) | |
9978 | @end lisp | |
9979 | ||
9980 | @table @var | |
9981 | ||
9982 | @item regexp | |
9983 | All text that match this regular expression (case insensitive) will be | |
9984 | considered an external reference. Here's a typical regexp that matches | |
9985 | embedded URLs: @samp{<URL:\\([^\n\r>]*\\)>}. This can also be a | |
9986 | variable containing a regexp, useful variables to use include | |
9987 | @code{gnus-button-url-regexp} and @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-regexp}. | |
9988 | ||
9989 | @item button-par | |
9990 | Gnus has to know which parts of the matches is to be highlighted. This | |
9991 | is a number that says what sub-expression of the regexp is to be | |
9992 | highlighted. If you want it all highlighted, you use 0 here. | |
9993 | ||
9994 | @item use-p | |
9995 | This form will be @code{eval}ed, and if the result is non-@code{nil}, | |
9996 | this is considered a match. This is useful if you want extra sifting to | |
9997 | avoid false matches. Often variables named | |
9998 | @code{gnus-button-@var{*}-level} are used here, @xref{Article Button | |
9999 | Levels}, but any other form may be used too. | |
10000 | ||
10001 | @c @code{use-p} is @code{eval}ed only if @code{regexp} matches. | |
10002 | ||
10003 | @item function | |
10004 | This function will be called when you click on this button. | |
10005 | ||
10006 | @item data-par | |
10007 | As with @var{button-par}, this is a sub-expression number, but this one | |
10008 | says which part of the match is to be sent as data to @var{function}. | |
10009 | ||
10010 | @end table | |
10011 | ||
10012 | So the full entry for buttonizing URLs is then | |
10013 | ||
10014 | @lisp | |
10015 | ("<URL:\\([^\n\r>]*\\)>" 0 t gnus-button-url 1) | |
10016 | @end lisp | |
10017 | ||
10018 | @item gnus-header-button-alist | |
10019 | @vindex gnus-header-button-alist | |
10020 | This is just like the other alist, except that it is applied to the | |
10021 | article head only, and that each entry has an additional element that is | |
10022 | used to say what headers to apply the buttonize coding to: | |
10023 | ||
10024 | @lisp | |
10025 | (@var{header} @var{regexp} @var{button-par} @var{use-p} @var{function} @var{data-par}) | |
10026 | @end lisp | |
10027 | ||
10028 | @var{header} is a regular expression. | |
10029 | @end table | |
10030 | ||
10031 | @subsubsection Related variables and functions | |
10032 | ||
10033 | @table @code | |
10034 | @item gnus-button-@var{*}-level | |
10035 | @xref{Article Button Levels}. | |
10036 | ||
10037 | @c Stuff related to gnus-button-browse-level | |
10038 | ||
10039 | @item gnus-button-url-regexp | |
10040 | @vindex gnus-button-url-regexp | |
10041 | A regular expression that matches embedded URLs. It is used in the | |
10042 | default values of the variables above. | |
10043 | ||
10044 | @c Stuff related to gnus-button-man-level | |
10045 | ||
10046 | @item gnus-button-man-handler | |
10047 | @vindex gnus-button-man-handler | |
10048 | The function to use for displaying man pages. It must take at least one | |
10049 | argument with a string naming the man page. | |
10050 | ||
10051 | @c Stuff related to gnus-button-message-level | |
10052 | ||
10053 | @item gnus-button-mid-or-mail-regexp | |
10054 | @vindex gnus-button-mid-or-mail-regexp | |
10055 | Regular expression that matches a message ID or a mail address. | |
10056 | ||
10057 | @item gnus-button-prefer-mid-or-mail | |
10058 | @vindex gnus-button-prefer-mid-or-mail | |
10059 | This variable determines what to do when the button on a string as | |
10060 | @samp{foo123@@bar.invalid} is pushed. Strings like this can be either a | |
10061 | message ID or a mail address. If it is one of the symbols @code{mid} or | |
10062 | @code{mail}, Gnus will always assume that the string is a message ID or | |
10063 | a mail address, respectively. If this variable is set to the symbol | |
10064 | @code{ask}, always query the user what to do. If it is a function, this | |
10065 | function will be called with the string as its only argument. The | |
10066 | function must return @code{mid}, @code{mail}, @code{invalid} or | |
10067 | @code{ask}. The default value is the function | |
10068 | @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic}. | |
10069 | ||
10070 | @item gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic | |
10071 | @findex gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic | |
10072 | Function that guesses whether its argument is a message ID or a mail | |
10073 | address. Returns @code{mid} if it's a message IDs, @code{mail} if | |
10074 | it's a mail address, @code{ask} if unsure and @code{invalid} if the | |
10075 | string is invalid. | |
10076 | ||
10077 | @item gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic-alist | |
10078 | @vindex gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic-alist | |
10079 | An alist of @code{(RATE . REGEXP)} pairs used by the function | |
10080 | @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic}. | |
10081 | ||
4009494e GM |
10082 | @c Misc stuff |
10083 | ||
10084 | @item gnus-article-button-face | |
10085 | @vindex gnus-article-button-face | |
10086 | Face used on buttons. | |
10087 | ||
10088 | @item gnus-article-mouse-face | |
10089 | @vindex gnus-article-mouse-face | |
10090 | Face used when the mouse cursor is over a button. | |
10091 | ||
10092 | @end table | |
10093 | ||
10094 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to buttonize articles automatically. | |
10095 | ||
10096 | ||
10097 | @node Article Button Levels | |
10098 | @subsection Article button levels | |
10099 | @cindex button levels | |
10100 | The higher the value of the variables @code{gnus-button-@var{*}-level}, | |
10101 | the more buttons will appear. If the level is zero, no corresponding | |
10102 | buttons are displayed. With the default value (which is 5) you should | |
10103 | already see quite a lot of buttons. With higher levels, you will see | |
10104 | more buttons, but you may also get more false positives. To avoid them, | |
10105 | you can set the variables @code{gnus-button-@var{*}-level} local to | |
10106 | specific groups (@pxref{Group Parameters}). Here's an example for the | |
10107 | variable @code{gnus-parameters}: | |
10108 | ||
10109 | @lisp | |
10110 | ;; @r{increase @code{gnus-button-*-level} in some groups:} | |
10111 | (setq gnus-parameters | |
10112 | '(("\\<\\(emacs\\|gnus\\)\\>" (gnus-button-emacs-level 10)) | |
10113 | ("\\<unix\\>" (gnus-button-man-level 10)) | |
10114 | ("\\<tex\\>" (gnus-button-tex-level 10)))) | |
10115 | @end lisp | |
10116 | ||
10117 | @table @code | |
10118 | ||
10119 | @item gnus-button-browse-level | |
10120 | @vindex gnus-button-browse-level | |
10121 | Controls the display of references to message IDs, mail addresses and | |
10122 | news URLs. Related variables and functions include | |
10123 | @code{gnus-button-url-regexp}, @code{browse-url}, and | |
10124 | @code{browse-url-browser-function}. | |
10125 | ||
10126 | @item gnus-button-emacs-level | |
10127 | @vindex gnus-button-emacs-level | |
10128 | Controls the display of Emacs or Gnus references. Related functions are | |
10129 | @code{gnus-button-handle-custom}, | |
10130 | @code{gnus-button-handle-describe-function}, | |
10131 | @code{gnus-button-handle-describe-variable}, | |
10132 | @code{gnus-button-handle-symbol}, | |
10133 | @code{gnus-button-handle-describe-key}, | |
10134 | @code{gnus-button-handle-apropos}, | |
10135 | @code{gnus-button-handle-apropos-command}, | |
10136 | @code{gnus-button-handle-apropos-variable}, | |
10137 | @code{gnus-button-handle-apropos-documentation}, and | |
10138 | @code{gnus-button-handle-library}. | |
10139 | ||
10140 | @item gnus-button-man-level | |
10141 | @vindex gnus-button-man-level | |
10142 | Controls the display of references to (Unix) man pages. | |
10143 | See @code{gnus-button-man-handler}. | |
10144 | ||
10145 | @item gnus-button-message-level | |
10146 | @vindex gnus-button-message-level | |
10147 | Controls the display of message IDs, mail addresses and news URLs. | |
10148 | Related variables and functions include | |
10149 | @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-regexp}, | |
10150 | @code{gnus-button-prefer-mid-or-mail}, | |
10151 | @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic}, and | |
10152 | @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic-alist}. | |
10153 | ||
4009494e GM |
10154 | @end table |
10155 | ||
10156 | ||
10157 | @node Article Date | |
10158 | @subsection Article Date | |
10159 | ||
10160 | The date is most likely generated in some obscure timezone you've never | |
10161 | heard of, so it's quite nice to be able to find out what the time was | |
10162 | when the article was sent. | |
10163 | ||
10164 | @table @kbd | |
10165 | ||
10166 | @item W T u | |
10167 | @kindex W T u (Summary) | |
10168 | @findex gnus-article-date-ut | |
10169 | Display the date in UT (aka. GMT, aka ZULU) | |
10170 | (@code{gnus-article-date-ut}). | |
10171 | ||
10172 | @item W T i | |
10173 | @kindex W T i (Summary) | |
10174 | @findex gnus-article-date-iso8601 | |
10175 | @cindex ISO 8601 | |
10176 | Display the date in international format, aka. ISO 8601 | |
10177 | (@code{gnus-article-date-iso8601}). | |
10178 | ||
10179 | @item W T l | |
10180 | @kindex W T l (Summary) | |
10181 | @findex gnus-article-date-local | |
10182 | Display the date in the local timezone (@code{gnus-article-date-local}). | |
10183 | ||
10184 | @item W T p | |
10185 | @kindex W T p (Summary) | |
10186 | @findex gnus-article-date-english | |
10187 | Display the date in a format that's easily pronounceable in English | |
10188 | (@code{gnus-article-date-english}). | |
10189 | ||
10190 | @item W T s | |
10191 | @kindex W T s (Summary) | |
10192 | @vindex gnus-article-time-format | |
10193 | @findex gnus-article-date-user | |
10194 | @findex format-time-string | |
10195 | Display the date using a user-defined format | |
10196 | (@code{gnus-article-date-user}). The format is specified by the | |
10197 | @code{gnus-article-time-format} variable, and is a string that's passed | |
10198 | to @code{format-time-string}. See the documentation of that variable | |
10199 | for a list of possible format specs. | |
10200 | ||
10201 | @item W T e | |
10202 | @kindex W T e (Summary) | |
10203 | @findex gnus-article-date-lapsed | |
10204 | @findex gnus-start-date-timer | |
10205 | @findex gnus-stop-date-timer | |
10206 | Say how much time has elapsed between the article was posted and now | |
10207 | (@code{gnus-article-date-lapsed}). It looks something like: | |
10208 | ||
10209 | @example | |
10210 | X-Sent: 6 weeks, 4 days, 1 hour, 3 minutes, 8 seconds ago | |
10211 | @end example | |
10212 | ||
10213 | @vindex gnus-article-date-lapsed-new-header | |
10214 | The value of @code{gnus-article-date-lapsed-new-header} determines | |
10215 | whether this header will just be added below the old Date one, or will | |
10216 | replace it. | |
10217 | ||
10218 | An advantage of using Gnus to read mail is that it converts simple bugs | |
10219 | into wonderful absurdities. | |
10220 | ||
10221 | If you want to have this line updated continually, you can put | |
10222 | ||
10223 | @lisp | |
10224 | (gnus-start-date-timer) | |
10225 | @end lisp | |
10226 | ||
10227 | in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file, or you can run it off of some hook. If | |
10228 | you want to stop the timer, you can use the @code{gnus-stop-date-timer} | |
10229 | command. | |
10230 | ||
10231 | @item W T o | |
10232 | @kindex W T o (Summary) | |
10233 | @findex gnus-article-date-original | |
10234 | Display the original date (@code{gnus-article-date-original}). This can | |
10235 | be useful if you normally use some other conversion function and are | |
10236 | worried that it might be doing something totally wrong. Say, claiming | |
10237 | that the article was posted in 1854. Although something like that is | |
10238 | @emph{totally} impossible. Don't you trust me? *titter* | |
10239 | ||
10240 | @end table | |
10241 | ||
10242 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to display the date in your | |
10243 | preferred format automatically. | |
10244 | ||
10245 | ||
10246 | @node Article Display | |
10247 | @subsection Article Display | |
10248 | @cindex picons | |
10249 | @cindex x-face | |
10250 | @cindex smileys | |
61b1af82 | 10251 | @cindex gravatars |
4009494e GM |
10252 | |
10253 | These commands add various frivolous display gimmicks to the article | |
10254 | buffer in Emacs versions that support them. | |
10255 | ||
10256 | @code{X-Face} headers are small black-and-white images supplied by the | |
10257 | message headers (@pxref{X-Face}). | |
10258 | ||
10259 | @code{Face} headers are small colored images supplied by the message | |
10260 | headers (@pxref{Face}). | |
10261 | ||
10262 | Smileys are those little @samp{:-)} symbols that people like to litter | |
10263 | their messages with (@pxref{Smileys}). | |
10264 | ||
10265 | Picons, on the other hand, reside on your own system, and Gnus will | |
10266 | try to match the headers to what you have (@pxref{Picons}). | |
10267 | ||
61b1af82 G |
10268 | Gravatars reside on-line and are fetched from |
10269 | @uref{http://www.gravatar.com/} (@pxref{Gravatars}). | |
10270 | ||
4009494e GM |
10271 | All these functions are toggles---if the elements already exist, |
10272 | they'll be removed. | |
10273 | ||
10274 | @table @kbd | |
10275 | @item W D x | |
10276 | @kindex W D x (Summary) | |
10277 | @findex gnus-article-display-x-face | |
10278 | Display an @code{X-Face} in the @code{From} header. | |
10279 | (@code{gnus-article-display-x-face}). | |
10280 | ||
10281 | @item W D d | |
10282 | @kindex W D d (Summary) | |
10283 | @findex gnus-article-display-face | |
10284 | Display a @code{Face} in the @code{From} header. | |
10285 | (@code{gnus-article-display-face}). | |
10286 | ||
10287 | @item W D s | |
10288 | @kindex W D s (Summary) | |
10289 | @findex gnus-treat-smiley | |
10290 | Display smileys (@code{gnus-treat-smiley}). | |
10291 | ||
10292 | @item W D f | |
10293 | @kindex W D f (Summary) | |
10294 | @findex gnus-treat-from-picon | |
10295 | Piconify the @code{From} header (@code{gnus-treat-from-picon}). | |
10296 | ||
10297 | @item W D m | |
10298 | @kindex W D m (Summary) | |
10299 | @findex gnus-treat-mail-picon | |
10300 | Piconify all mail headers (i. e., @code{Cc}, @code{To}) | |
10301 | (@code{gnus-treat-mail-picon}). | |
10302 | ||
10303 | @item W D n | |
10304 | @kindex W D n (Summary) | |
10305 | @findex gnus-treat-newsgroups-picon | |
10306 | Piconify all news headers (i. e., @code{Newsgroups} and | |
10307 | @code{Followup-To}) (@code{gnus-treat-newsgroups-picon}). | |
10308 | ||
61b1af82 G |
10309 | @item W D g |
10310 | @kindex W D g (Summary) | |
10311 | @findex gnus-treat-from-gravatar | |
10312 | Gravatarify the @code{From} header (@code{gnus-treat-from-gravatar}). | |
10313 | ||
10314 | @item W D h | |
10315 | @kindex W D h (Summary) | |
10316 | @findex gnus-treat-mail-gravatar | |
10317 | Gravatarify all mail headers (i. e., @code{Cc}, @code{To}) | |
10318 | (@code{gnus-treat-from-gravatar}). | |
10319 | ||
4009494e GM |
10320 | @item W D D |
10321 | @kindex W D D (Summary) | |
10322 | @findex gnus-article-remove-images | |
10323 | Remove all images from the article buffer | |
10324 | (@code{gnus-article-remove-images}). | |
10325 | ||
25f28806 LMI |
10326 | @item W D W |
10327 | @kindex W D W (Summary) | |
10328 | @findex gnus-html-show-images | |
10329 | If you're reading an @acronym{HTML} article rendered with | |
10330 | @code{gnus-article-html}, then you can insert any blocked images in | |
10331 | the buffer with this command. | |
10332 | (@code{gnus-html-show-images}). | |
10333 | ||
4009494e GM |
10334 | @end table |
10335 | ||
10336 | ||
10337 | ||
10338 | @node Article Signature | |
10339 | @subsection Article Signature | |
10340 | @cindex signatures | |
10341 | @cindex article signature | |
10342 | ||
10343 | @vindex gnus-signature-separator | |
10344 | Each article is divided into two parts---the head and the body. The | |
10345 | body can be divided into a signature part and a text part. The variable | |
10346 | that says what is to be considered a signature is | |
10347 | @code{gnus-signature-separator}. This is normally the standard | |
10348 | @samp{^-- $} as mandated by son-of-RFC 1036. However, many people use | |
10349 | non-standard signature separators, so this variable can also be a list | |
10350 | of regular expressions to be tested, one by one. (Searches are done | |
10351 | from the end of the body towards the beginning.) One likely value is: | |
10352 | ||
10353 | @lisp | |
10354 | (setq gnus-signature-separator | |
10355 | '("^-- $" ; @r{The standard} | |
10356 | "^-- *$" ; @r{A common mangling} | |
10357 | "^-------*$" ; @r{Many people just use a looong} | |
10358 | ; @r{line of dashes. Shame!} | |
10359 | "^ *--------*$" ; @r{Double-shame!} | |
10360 | "^________*$" ; @r{Underscores are also popular} | |
10361 | "^========*$")) ; @r{Pervert!} | |
10362 | @end lisp | |
10363 | ||
10364 | The more permissive you are, the more likely it is that you'll get false | |
10365 | positives. | |
10366 | ||
10367 | @vindex gnus-signature-limit | |
10368 | @code{gnus-signature-limit} provides a limit to what is considered a | |
10369 | signature when displaying articles. | |
10370 | ||
10371 | @enumerate | |
10372 | @item | |
10373 | If it is an integer, no signature may be longer (in characters) than | |
10374 | that integer. | |
10375 | @item | |
10376 | If it is a floating point number, no signature may be longer (in lines) | |
10377 | than that number. | |
10378 | @item | |
10379 | If it is a function, the function will be called without any parameters, | |
10380 | and if it returns @code{nil}, there is no signature in the buffer. | |
10381 | @item | |
10382 | If it is a string, it will be used as a regexp. If it matches, the text | |
10383 | in question is not a signature. | |
10384 | @end enumerate | |
10385 | ||
10386 | This variable can also be a list where the elements may be of the types | |
10387 | listed above. Here's an example: | |
10388 | ||
10389 | @lisp | |
10390 | (setq gnus-signature-limit | |
10391 | '(200.0 "^---*Forwarded article")) | |
10392 | @end lisp | |
10393 | ||
10394 | This means that if there are more than 200 lines after the signature | |
10395 | separator, or the text after the signature separator is matched by | |
10396 | the regular expression @samp{^---*Forwarded article}, then it isn't a | |
10397 | signature after all. | |
10398 | ||
10399 | ||
10400 | @node Article Miscellanea | |
10401 | @subsection Article Miscellanea | |
10402 | ||
10403 | @table @kbd | |
10404 | @item A t | |
10405 | @kindex A t (Summary) | |
10406 | @findex gnus-article-babel | |
10407 | Translate the article from one language to another | |
10408 | (@code{gnus-article-babel}). | |
10409 | ||
10410 | @end table | |
10411 | ||
10412 | ||
10413 | @node MIME Commands | |
10414 | @section MIME Commands | |
10415 | @cindex MIME decoding | |
10416 | @cindex attachments | |
10417 | @cindex viewing attachments | |
10418 | ||
10419 | The following commands all understand the numerical prefix. For | |
01c52d31 | 10420 | instance, @kbd{3 K v} means ``view the third @acronym{MIME} part''. |
4009494e GM |
10421 | |
10422 | @table @kbd | |
10423 | @item b | |
10424 | @itemx K v | |
10425 | @kindex b (Summary) | |
10426 | @kindex K v (Summary) | |
10427 | View the @acronym{MIME} part. | |
10428 | ||
10429 | @item K o | |
10430 | @kindex K o (Summary) | |
10431 | Save the @acronym{MIME} part. | |
10432 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
10433 | @item K O |
10434 | @kindex K O (Summary) | |
10435 | Prompt for a file name, then save the @acronym{MIME} part and strip it | |
10436 | from the article. The stripped @acronym{MIME} object will be referred | |
10437 | via the message/external-body @acronym{MIME} type. | |
10438 | ||
10439 | @item K r | |
10440 | @kindex K r (Summary) | |
10441 | Replace the @acronym{MIME} part with an external body. | |
10442 | ||
10443 | @item K d | |
10444 | @kindex K d (Summary) | |
10445 | Delete the @acronym{MIME} part and add some information about the | |
10446 | removed part. | |
10447 | ||
4009494e GM |
10448 | @item K c |
10449 | @kindex K c (Summary) | |
10450 | Copy the @acronym{MIME} part. | |
10451 | ||
10452 | @item K e | |
10453 | @kindex K e (Summary) | |
10454 | View the @acronym{MIME} part externally. | |
10455 | ||
10456 | @item K i | |
10457 | @kindex K i (Summary) | |
10458 | View the @acronym{MIME} part internally. | |
10459 | ||
10460 | @item K | | |
10461 | @kindex K | (Summary) | |
10462 | Pipe the @acronym{MIME} part to an external command. | |
10463 | @end table | |
10464 | ||
10465 | The rest of these @acronym{MIME} commands do not use the numerical prefix in | |
10466 | the same manner: | |
10467 | ||
10468 | @table @kbd | |
9b3ebcb6 MB |
10469 | @item K H |
10470 | @kindex K H (Summary) | |
10471 | @findex gnus-article-browse-html-article | |
10472 | View @samp{text/html} parts of the current article with a WWW browser. | |
1d4d7664 KY |
10473 | Inline images embedded in a message using the @code{cid} scheme, as they |
10474 | are generally considered to be safe, will be processed properly. The | |
10475 | message header is added to the beginning of every @acronym{HTML} part | |
10476 | unless the prefix argument is given. | |
9b3ebcb6 | 10477 | |
1d4d7664 KY |
10478 | Warning: Spammers use links to images (using the @code{http} scheme) in |
10479 | @acronym{HTML} articles to verify whether you have read the message. As | |
10480 | this command passes the @acronym{HTML} content to the browser without | |
10481 | eliminating these ``web bugs'' you should only use it for mails from | |
10482 | trusted senders. | |
9b3ebcb6 MB |
10483 | |
10484 | If you always want to display @acronym{HTML} parts in the browser, set | |
10485 | @code{mm-text-html-renderer} to @code{nil}. | |
10486 | ||
1d4d7664 KY |
10487 | This command creates temporary files to pass @acronym{HTML} contents |
10488 | including images if any to the browser, and deletes them when exiting | |
10489 | the group (if you want). | |
10490 | ||
4009494e GM |
10491 | @item K b |
10492 | @kindex K b (Summary) | |
10493 | Make all the @acronym{MIME} parts have buttons in front of them. This is | |
10494 | mostly useful if you wish to save (or perform other actions) on inlined | |
10495 | parts. | |
10496 | ||
10497 | @item K m | |
10498 | @kindex K m (Summary) | |
10499 | @findex gnus-summary-repair-multipart | |
10500 | Some multipart messages are transmitted with missing or faulty headers. | |
10501 | This command will attempt to ``repair'' these messages so that they can | |
10502 | be viewed in a more pleasant manner | |
10503 | (@code{gnus-summary-repair-multipart}). | |
10504 | ||
10505 | @item X m | |
10506 | @kindex X m (Summary) | |
10507 | @findex gnus-summary-save-parts | |
10508 | Save all parts matching a @acronym{MIME} type to a directory | |
10509 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-parts}). Understands the process/prefix | |
10510 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
10511 | ||
10512 | @item M-t | |
10513 | @kindex M-t (Summary) | |
10514 | @findex gnus-summary-toggle-display-buttonized | |
10515 | Toggle the buttonized display of the article buffer | |
10516 | (@code{gnus-summary-toggle-display-buttonized}). | |
10517 | ||
10518 | @item W M w | |
10519 | @kindex W M w (Summary) | |
10520 | @findex gnus-article-decode-mime-words | |
10521 | Decode RFC 2047-encoded words in the article headers | |
10522 | (@code{gnus-article-decode-mime-words}). | |
10523 | ||
10524 | @item W M c | |
10525 | @kindex W M c (Summary) | |
10526 | @findex gnus-article-decode-charset | |
10527 | Decode encoded article bodies as well as charsets | |
10528 | (@code{gnus-article-decode-charset}). | |
10529 | ||
10530 | This command looks in the @code{Content-Type} header to determine the | |
10531 | charset. If there is no such header in the article, you can give it a | |
10532 | prefix, which will prompt for the charset to decode as. In regional | |
10533 | groups where people post using some common encoding (but do not | |
10534 | include @acronym{MIME} headers), you can set the @code{charset} group/topic | |
10535 | parameter to the required charset (@pxref{Group Parameters}). | |
10536 | ||
10537 | @item W M v | |
10538 | @kindex W M v (Summary) | |
10539 | @findex gnus-mime-view-all-parts | |
10540 | View all the @acronym{MIME} parts in the current article | |
10541 | (@code{gnus-mime-view-all-parts}). | |
10542 | ||
10543 | @end table | |
10544 | ||
10545 | Relevant variables: | |
10546 | ||
10547 | @table @code | |
10548 | @item gnus-ignored-mime-types | |
10549 | @vindex gnus-ignored-mime-types | |
10550 | This is a list of regexps. @acronym{MIME} types that match a regexp from | |
10551 | this list will be completely ignored by Gnus. The default value is | |
10552 | @code{nil}. | |
10553 | ||
10554 | To have all Vcards be ignored, you'd say something like this: | |
10555 | ||
10556 | @lisp | |
10557 | (setq gnus-ignored-mime-types | |
10558 | '("text/x-vcard")) | |
10559 | @end lisp | |
10560 | ||
10561 | @item gnus-article-loose-mime | |
10562 | @vindex gnus-article-loose-mime | |
10563 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus won't require the @samp{MIME-Version} header | |
10564 | before interpreting the message as a @acronym{MIME} message. This helps | |
10565 | when reading messages from certain broken mail user agents. The | |
b890d447 | 10566 | default is @code{t}. |
4009494e GM |
10567 | |
10568 | @item gnus-article-emulate-mime | |
10569 | @vindex gnus-article-emulate-mime | |
10570 | @cindex uuencode | |
10571 | @cindex yEnc | |
10572 | There are other, non-@acronym{MIME} encoding methods used. The most common | |
10573 | is @samp{uuencode}, but yEncode is also getting to be popular. If | |
10574 | this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will look in message bodies to | |
10575 | see if it finds these encodings, and if so, it'll run them through the | |
10576 | Gnus @acronym{MIME} machinery. The default is @code{t}. Only | |
10577 | single-part yEnc encoded attachments can be decoded. There's no support | |
10578 | for encoding in Gnus. | |
10579 | ||
10580 | @item gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types | |
10581 | @vindex gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types | |
10582 | This is a list of regexps. @acronym{MIME} types that match a regexp from | |
10583 | this list won't have @acronym{MIME} buttons inserted unless they aren't | |
10584 | displayed or this variable is overridden by | |
10585 | @code{gnus-buttonized-mime-types}. The default value is | |
10586 | @code{(".*/.*")}. This variable is only used when | |
10587 | @code{gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing} is @code{nil}. | |
10588 | ||
10589 | @item gnus-buttonized-mime-types | |
10590 | @vindex gnus-buttonized-mime-types | |
10591 | This is a list of regexps. @acronym{MIME} types that match a regexp from | |
10592 | this list will have @acronym{MIME} buttons inserted unless they aren't | |
10593 | displayed. This variable overrides | |
10594 | @code{gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types}. The default value is @code{nil}. | |
10595 | This variable is only used when @code{gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing} | |
10596 | is @code{nil}. | |
10597 | ||
10598 | To see e.g. security buttons but no other buttons, you could set this | |
10599 | variable to @code{("multipart/signed")} and leave | |
10600 | @code{gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types} at the default value. | |
10601 | ||
10602 | You could also add @code{"multipart/alternative"} to this list to | |
10603 | display radio buttons that allow you to choose one of two media types | |
10604 | those mails include. See also @code{mm-discouraged-alternatives} | |
10605 | (@pxref{Display Customization, ,Display Customization, emacs-mime, The | |
10606 | Emacs MIME Manual}). | |
10607 | ||
10608 | @item gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing | |
10609 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing | |
10610 | If this is non-@code{nil}, then all @acronym{MIME} parts get buttons. The | |
10611 | default value is @code{nil}. | |
10612 | ||
10613 | @item gnus-article-mime-part-function | |
10614 | @vindex gnus-article-mime-part-function | |
10615 | For each @acronym{MIME} part, this function will be called with the @acronym{MIME} | |
10616 | handle as the parameter. The function is meant to be used to allow | |
10617 | users to gather information from the article (e. g., add Vcard info to | |
10618 | the bbdb database) or to do actions based on parts (e. g., automatically | |
10619 | save all jpegs into some directory). | |
10620 | ||
10621 | Here's an example function the does the latter: | |
10622 | ||
10623 | @lisp | |
10624 | (defun my-save-all-jpeg-parts (handle) | |
10625 | (when (equal (car (mm-handle-type handle)) "image/jpeg") | |
10626 | (with-temp-buffer | |
10627 | (insert (mm-get-part handle)) | |
10628 | (write-region (point-min) (point-max) | |
10629 | (read-file-name "Save jpeg to: "))))) | |
10630 | (setq gnus-article-mime-part-function | |
10631 | 'my-save-all-jpeg-parts) | |
10632 | @end lisp | |
10633 | ||
10634 | @vindex gnus-mime-multipart-functions | |
10635 | @item gnus-mime-multipart-functions | |
10636 | Alist of @acronym{MIME} multipart types and functions to handle them. | |
10637 | ||
10638 | @vindex gnus-mime-display-multipart-alternative-as-mixed | |
10639 | @item gnus-mime-display-multipart-alternative-as-mixed | |
10640 | Display "multipart/alternative" parts as "multipart/mixed". | |
10641 | ||
10642 | @vindex gnus-mime-display-multipart-related-as-mixed | |
10643 | @item gnus-mime-display-multipart-related-as-mixed | |
10644 | Display "multipart/related" parts as "multipart/mixed". | |
10645 | ||
9b3ebcb6 | 10646 | If displaying @samp{text/html} is discouraged, see |
4009494e GM |
10647 | @code{mm-discouraged-alternatives}, images or other material inside a |
10648 | "multipart/related" part might be overlooked when this variable is | |
10649 | @code{nil}. @ref{Display Customization, Display Customization, , | |
10650 | emacs-mime, Emacs-Mime Manual}. | |
10651 | ||
10652 | @vindex gnus-mime-display-multipart-as-mixed | |
10653 | @item gnus-mime-display-multipart-as-mixed | |
10654 | Display "multipart" parts as "multipart/mixed". If @code{t}, it | |
10655 | overrides @code{nil} values of | |
10656 | @code{gnus-mime-display-multipart-alternative-as-mixed} and | |
10657 | @code{gnus-mime-display-multipart-related-as-mixed}. | |
10658 | ||
10659 | @vindex mm-file-name-rewrite-functions | |
10660 | @item mm-file-name-rewrite-functions | |
10661 | List of functions used for rewriting file names of @acronym{MIME} parts. | |
10662 | Each function takes a file name as input and returns a file name. | |
10663 | ||
10664 | Ready-made functions include@* | |
10665 | @code{mm-file-name-delete-whitespace}, | |
10666 | @code{mm-file-name-trim-whitespace}, | |
10667 | @code{mm-file-name-collapse-whitespace}, and | |
10668 | @code{mm-file-name-replace-whitespace}. The later uses the value of | |
10669 | the variable @code{mm-file-name-replace-whitespace} to replace each | |
10670 | whitespace character in a file name with that string; default value | |
10671 | is @code{"_"} (a single underscore). | |
10672 | @findex mm-file-name-delete-whitespace | |
10673 | @findex mm-file-name-trim-whitespace | |
10674 | @findex mm-file-name-collapse-whitespace | |
10675 | @findex mm-file-name-replace-whitespace | |
10676 | @vindex mm-file-name-replace-whitespace | |
10677 | ||
10678 | The standard functions @code{capitalize}, @code{downcase}, | |
10679 | @code{upcase}, and @code{upcase-initials} may be useful, too. | |
10680 | ||
10681 | Everybody knows that whitespace characters in file names are evil, | |
10682 | except those who don't know. If you receive lots of attachments from | |
10683 | such unenlightened users, you can make live easier by adding | |
10684 | ||
10685 | @lisp | |
10686 | (setq mm-file-name-rewrite-functions | |
10687 | '(mm-file-name-trim-whitespace | |
10688 | mm-file-name-collapse-whitespace | |
10689 | mm-file-name-replace-whitespace)) | |
10690 | @end lisp | |
10691 | ||
10692 | @noindent | |
10693 | to your @file{~/.gnus.el} file. | |
10694 | ||
10695 | @end table | |
10696 | ||
10697 | ||
10698 | @node Charsets | |
10699 | @section Charsets | |
10700 | @cindex charsets | |
10701 | ||
10702 | People use different charsets, and we have @acronym{MIME} to let us know what | |
10703 | charsets they use. Or rather, we wish we had. Many people use | |
10704 | newsreaders and mailers that do not understand or use @acronym{MIME}, and | |
10705 | just send out messages without saying what character sets they use. To | |
10706 | help a bit with this, some local news hierarchies have policies that say | |
10707 | what character set is the default. For instance, the @samp{fj} | |
10708 | hierarchy uses @code{iso-2022-jp}. | |
10709 | ||
10710 | @vindex gnus-group-charset-alist | |
10711 | This knowledge is encoded in the @code{gnus-group-charset-alist} | |
10712 | variable, which is an alist of regexps (use the first item to match full | |
10713 | group names) and default charsets to be used when reading these groups. | |
10714 | ||
10715 | @vindex gnus-newsgroup-ignored-charsets | |
10716 | In addition, some people do use soi-disant @acronym{MIME}-aware agents that | |
10717 | aren't. These blithely mark messages as being in @code{iso-8859-1} | |
10718 | even if they really are in @code{koi-8}. To help here, the | |
10719 | @code{gnus-newsgroup-ignored-charsets} variable can be used. The | |
10720 | charsets that are listed here will be ignored. The variable can be | |
10721 | set on a group-by-group basis using the group parameters (@pxref{Group | |
10722 | Parameters}). The default value is @code{(unknown-8bit x-unknown)}, | |
10723 | which includes values some agents insist on having in there. | |
10724 | ||
10725 | @vindex gnus-group-posting-charset-alist | |
10726 | When posting, @code{gnus-group-posting-charset-alist} is used to | |
10727 | determine which charsets should not be encoded using the @acronym{MIME} | |
10728 | encodings. For instance, some hierarchies discourage using | |
10729 | quoted-printable header encoding. | |
10730 | ||
10731 | This variable is an alist of regexps and permitted unencoded charsets | |
10732 | for posting. Each element of the alist has the form @code{(}@var{test | |
10733 | header body-list}@code{)}, where: | |
10734 | ||
10735 | @table @var | |
10736 | @item test | |
10737 | is either a regular expression matching the newsgroup header or a | |
10738 | variable to query, | |
10739 | @item header | |
10740 | is the charset which may be left unencoded in the header (@code{nil} | |
10741 | means encode all charsets), | |
10742 | @item body-list | |
10743 | is a list of charsets which may be encoded using 8bit content-transfer | |
10744 | encoding in the body, or one of the special values @code{nil} (always | |
10745 | encode using quoted-printable) or @code{t} (always use 8bit). | |
10746 | @end table | |
10747 | ||
10748 | @cindex Russian | |
10749 | @cindex koi8-r | |
10750 | @cindex koi8-u | |
10751 | @cindex iso-8859-5 | |
10752 | @cindex coding system aliases | |
10753 | @cindex preferred charset | |
10754 | ||
10755 | @xref{Encoding Customization, , Encoding Customization, emacs-mime, | |
10756 | The Emacs MIME Manual}, for additional variables that control which | |
10757 | MIME charsets are used when sending messages. | |
10758 | ||
10759 | Other charset tricks that may be useful, although not Gnus-specific: | |
10760 | ||
10761 | If there are several @acronym{MIME} charsets that encode the same Emacs | |
10762 | charset, you can choose what charset to use by saying the following: | |
10763 | ||
10764 | @lisp | |
10765 | (put-charset-property 'cyrillic-iso8859-5 | |
10766 | 'preferred-coding-system 'koi8-r) | |
10767 | @end lisp | |
10768 | ||
10769 | This means that Russian will be encoded using @code{koi8-r} instead of | |
10770 | the default @code{iso-8859-5} @acronym{MIME} charset. | |
10771 | ||
10772 | If you want to read messages in @code{koi8-u}, you can cheat and say | |
10773 | ||
10774 | @lisp | |
10775 | (define-coding-system-alias 'koi8-u 'koi8-r) | |
10776 | @end lisp | |
10777 | ||
10778 | This will almost do the right thing. | |
10779 | ||
10780 | And finally, to read charsets like @code{windows-1251}, you can say | |
10781 | something like | |
10782 | ||
10783 | @lisp | |
10784 | (codepage-setup 1251) | |
10785 | (define-coding-system-alias 'windows-1251 'cp1251) | |
10786 | @end lisp | |
10787 | ||
10788 | ||
10789 | @node Article Commands | |
10790 | @section Article Commands | |
10791 | ||
10792 | @table @kbd | |
10793 | ||
10794 | @item A P | |
10795 | @cindex PostScript | |
10796 | @cindex printing | |
10797 | @kindex A P (Summary) | |
10798 | @vindex gnus-ps-print-hook | |
10799 | @findex gnus-summary-print-article | |
10800 | Generate and print a PostScript image of the article buffer | |
10801 | (@code{gnus-summary-print-article}). @code{gnus-ps-print-hook} will | |
10802 | be run just before printing the buffer. An alternative way to print | |
10803 | article is to use Muttprint (@pxref{Saving Articles}). | |
10804 | ||
8ccbef23 G |
10805 | @item A C |
10806 | @vindex gnus-fetch-partial-articles | |
10807 | @findex gnus-summary-show-complete-article | |
229b59da | 10808 | If @code{<backend>-fetch-partial-articles} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will |
8ccbef23 G |
10809 | fetch partial articles, if the backend it fetches them from supports |
10810 | it. Currently only @code{nnimap} does. If you're looking at a | |
10811 | partial article, and want to see the complete article instead, then | |
10812 | the @kbd{A C} command (@code{gnus-summary-show-complete-article}) will | |
10813 | do so. | |
10814 | ||
4009494e GM |
10815 | @end table |
10816 | ||
10817 | ||
10818 | @node Summary Sorting | |
10819 | @section Summary Sorting | |
10820 | @cindex summary sorting | |
10821 | ||
10822 | You can have the summary buffer sorted in various ways, even though I | |
10823 | can't really see why you'd want that. | |
10824 | ||
10825 | @table @kbd | |
10826 | ||
10827 | @item C-c C-s C-n | |
10828 | @kindex C-c C-s C-n (Summary) | |
10829 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-number | |
10830 | Sort by article number (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-number}). | |
10831 | ||
6ecfe5c2 MB |
10832 | @item C-c C-s C-m C-n |
10833 | @kindex C-c C-s C-n (Summary) | |
10834 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-most-recent-number | |
10835 | Sort by most recent article number | |
10836 | (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-most-recent-number}). | |
10837 | ||
4009494e GM |
10838 | @item C-c C-s C-a |
10839 | @kindex C-c C-s C-a (Summary) | |
10840 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-author | |
10841 | Sort by author (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-author}). | |
10842 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
10843 | @item C-c C-s C-t |
10844 | @kindex C-c C-s C-t (Summary) | |
10845 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-recipient | |
10846 | Sort by recipient (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-recipient}). | |
10847 | ||
4009494e GM |
10848 | @item C-c C-s C-s |
10849 | @kindex C-c C-s C-s (Summary) | |
10850 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-subject | |
10851 | Sort by subject (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-subject}). | |
10852 | ||
10853 | @item C-c C-s C-d | |
10854 | @kindex C-c C-s C-d (Summary) | |
10855 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-date | |
10856 | Sort by date (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-date}). | |
10857 | ||
6ecfe5c2 MB |
10858 | @item C-c C-s C-m C-d |
10859 | @kindex C-c C-s C-m C-d (Summary) | |
10860 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-most-recent-date | |
10861 | Sort by most recent date (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-most-recent-date}). | |
10862 | ||
4009494e GM |
10863 | @item C-c C-s C-l |
10864 | @kindex C-c C-s C-l (Summary) | |
10865 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-lines | |
10866 | Sort by lines (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-lines}). | |
10867 | ||
10868 | @item C-c C-s C-c | |
10869 | @kindex C-c C-s C-c (Summary) | |
10870 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-chars | |
10871 | Sort by article length (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-chars}). | |
10872 | ||
10873 | @item C-c C-s C-i | |
10874 | @kindex C-c C-s C-i (Summary) | |
10875 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-score | |
10876 | Sort by score (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-score}). | |
10877 | ||
10878 | @item C-c C-s C-r | |
10879 | @kindex C-c C-s C-r (Summary) | |
10880 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-random | |
10881 | Randomize (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-random}). | |
10882 | ||
10883 | @item C-c C-s C-o | |
10884 | @kindex C-c C-s C-o (Summary) | |
10885 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-original | |
10886 | Sort using the default sorting method | |
10887 | (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-original}). | |
10888 | @end table | |
10889 | ||
10890 | These functions will work both when you use threading and when you don't | |
10891 | use threading. In the latter case, all summary lines will be sorted, | |
10892 | line by line. In the former case, sorting will be done on a | |
10893 | root-by-root basis, which might not be what you were looking for. To | |
10894 | toggle whether to use threading, type @kbd{T T} (@pxref{Thread | |
10895 | Commands}). | |
10896 | ||
6ecfe5c2 MB |
10897 | If a prefix argument if given, the sort order is reversed. |
10898 | ||
4009494e GM |
10899 | |
10900 | @node Finding the Parent | |
10901 | @section Finding the Parent | |
10902 | @cindex parent articles | |
10903 | @cindex referring articles | |
10904 | ||
10905 | @table @kbd | |
10906 | @item ^ | |
10907 | @kindex ^ (Summary) | |
10908 | @findex gnus-summary-refer-parent-article | |
10909 | If you'd like to read the parent of the current article, and it is not | |
10910 | displayed in the summary buffer, you might still be able to. That is, | |
10911 | if the current group is fetched by @acronym{NNTP}, the parent hasn't expired | |
10912 | and the @code{References} in the current article are not mangled, you | |
10913 | can just press @kbd{^} or @kbd{A r} | |
10914 | (@code{gnus-summary-refer-parent-article}). If everything goes well, | |
10915 | you'll get the parent. If the parent is already displayed in the | |
10916 | summary buffer, point will just move to this article. | |
10917 | ||
10918 | If given a positive numerical prefix, fetch that many articles back into | |
10919 | the ancestry. If given a negative numerical prefix, fetch just that | |
10920 | ancestor. So if you say @kbd{3 ^}, Gnus will fetch the parent, the | |
10921 | grandparent and the grandgrandparent of the current article. If you say | |
10922 | @kbd{-3 ^}, Gnus will only fetch the grandgrandparent of the current | |
10923 | article. | |
10924 | ||
10925 | @item A R (Summary) | |
10926 | @findex gnus-summary-refer-references | |
10927 | @kindex A R (Summary) | |
10928 | Fetch all articles mentioned in the @code{References} header of the | |
10929 | article (@code{gnus-summary-refer-references}). | |
10930 | ||
10931 | @item A T (Summary) | |
10932 | @findex gnus-summary-refer-thread | |
10933 | @kindex A T (Summary) | |
10934 | Display the full thread where the current article appears | |
10935 | (@code{gnus-summary-refer-thread}). This command has to fetch all the | |
10936 | headers in the current group to work, so it usually takes a while. If | |
10937 | you do it often, you may consider setting @code{gnus-fetch-old-headers} | |
10938 | to @code{invisible} (@pxref{Filling In Threads}). This won't have any | |
10939 | visible effects normally, but it'll make this command work a whole lot | |
10940 | faster. Of course, it'll make group entry somewhat slow. | |
10941 | ||
10942 | @vindex gnus-refer-thread-limit | |
10943 | The @code{gnus-refer-thread-limit} variable says how many old (i. e., | |
10944 | articles before the first displayed in the current group) headers to | |
10945 | fetch when doing this command. The default is 200. If @code{t}, all | |
10946 | the available headers will be fetched. This variable can be overridden | |
10947 | by giving the @kbd{A T} command a numerical prefix. | |
10948 | ||
10949 | @item M-^ (Summary) | |
10950 | @findex gnus-summary-refer-article | |
10951 | @kindex M-^ (Summary) | |
10952 | @cindex Message-ID | |
10953 | @cindex fetching by Message-ID | |
10954 | You can also ask Gnus for an arbitrary article, no matter what group it | |
10955 | belongs to. @kbd{M-^} (@code{gnus-summary-refer-article}) will ask you | |
10956 | for a @code{Message-ID}, which is one of those long, hard-to-read | |
10957 | thingies that look something like @samp{<38o6up$6f2@@hymir.ifi.uio.no>}. | |
10958 | You have to get it all exactly right. No fuzzy searches, I'm afraid. | |
10959 | ||
10960 | Gnus looks for the @code{Message-ID} in the headers that have already | |
10961 | been fetched, but also tries all the select methods specified by | |
10962 | @code{gnus-refer-article-method} if it is not found. | |
10963 | @end table | |
10964 | ||
10965 | @vindex gnus-refer-article-method | |
10966 | If the group you are reading is located on a back end that does not | |
10967 | support fetching by @code{Message-ID} very well (like @code{nnspool}), | |
10968 | you can set @code{gnus-refer-article-method} to an @acronym{NNTP} method. It | |
10969 | would, perhaps, be best if the @acronym{NNTP} server you consult is the one | |
10970 | updating the spool you are reading from, but that's not really | |
10971 | necessary. | |
10972 | ||
10973 | It can also be a list of select methods, as well as the special symbol | |
10974 | @code{current}, which means to use the current select method. If it | |
10975 | is a list, Gnus will try all the methods in the list until it finds a | |
10976 | match. | |
10977 | ||
10978 | Here's an example setting that will first try the current method, and | |
10979 | then ask Google if that fails: | |
10980 | ||
10981 | @lisp | |
10982 | (setq gnus-refer-article-method | |
10983 | '(current | |
10984 | (nnweb "google" (nnweb-type google)))) | |
10985 | @end lisp | |
10986 | ||
10987 | Most of the mail back ends support fetching by @code{Message-ID}, but | |
10988 | do not do a particularly excellent job at it. That is, @code{nnmbox}, | |
10989 | @code{nnbabyl}, @code{nnmaildir}, @code{nnml}, are able to locate | |
10990 | articles from any groups, while @code{nnfolder}, and @code{nnimap} are | |
10991 | only able to locate articles that have been posted to the current | |
10992 | group. (Anything else would be too time consuming.) @code{nnmh} does | |
10993 | not support this at all. | |
10994 | ||
10995 | ||
10996 | @node Alternative Approaches | |
10997 | @section Alternative Approaches | |
10998 | ||
10999 | Different people like to read news using different methods. This being | |
11000 | Gnus, we offer a small selection of minor modes for the summary buffers. | |
11001 | ||
11002 | @menu | |
11003 | * Pick and Read:: First mark articles and then read them. | |
11004 | * Binary Groups:: Auto-decode all articles. | |
11005 | @end menu | |
11006 | ||
11007 | ||
11008 | @node Pick and Read | |
11009 | @subsection Pick and Read | |
11010 | @cindex pick and read | |
11011 | ||
11012 | Some newsreaders (like @code{nn} and, uhm, @code{Netnews} on VM/CMS) use | |
11013 | a two-phased reading interface. The user first marks in a summary | |
11014 | buffer the articles she wants to read. Then she starts reading the | |
11015 | articles with just an article buffer displayed. | |
11016 | ||
11017 | @findex gnus-pick-mode | |
11018 | @kindex M-x gnus-pick-mode | |
11019 | Gnus provides a summary buffer minor mode that allows | |
11020 | this---@code{gnus-pick-mode}. This basically means that a few process | |
11021 | mark commands become one-keystroke commands to allow easy marking, and | |
11022 | it provides one additional command for switching to the summary buffer. | |
11023 | ||
11024 | Here are the available keystrokes when using pick mode: | |
11025 | ||
11026 | @table @kbd | |
11027 | @item . | |
11028 | @kindex . (Pick) | |
11029 | @findex gnus-pick-article-or-thread | |
11030 | Pick the article or thread on the current line | |
11031 | (@code{gnus-pick-article-or-thread}). If the variable | |
11032 | @code{gnus-thread-hide-subtree} is true, then this key selects the | |
11033 | entire thread when used at the first article of the thread. Otherwise, | |
11034 | it selects just the article. If given a numerical prefix, go to that | |
11035 | thread or article and pick it. (The line number is normally displayed | |
11036 | at the beginning of the summary pick lines.) | |
11037 | ||
11038 | @item SPACE | |
11039 | @kindex SPACE (Pick) | |
11040 | @findex gnus-pick-next-page | |
11041 | Scroll the summary buffer up one page (@code{gnus-pick-next-page}). If | |
11042 | at the end of the buffer, start reading the picked articles. | |
11043 | ||
11044 | @item u | |
11045 | @kindex u (Pick) | |
11046 | @findex gnus-pick-unmark-article-or-thread. | |
11047 | Unpick the thread or article | |
11048 | (@code{gnus-pick-unmark-article-or-thread}). If the variable | |
11049 | @code{gnus-thread-hide-subtree} is true, then this key unpicks the | |
11050 | thread if used at the first article of the thread. Otherwise it unpicks | |
11051 | just the article. You can give this key a numerical prefix to unpick | |
11052 | the thread or article at that line. | |
11053 | ||
11054 | @item RET | |
11055 | @kindex RET (Pick) | |
11056 | @findex gnus-pick-start-reading | |
11057 | @vindex gnus-pick-display-summary | |
11058 | Start reading the picked articles (@code{gnus-pick-start-reading}). If | |
11059 | given a prefix, mark all unpicked articles as read first. If | |
11060 | @code{gnus-pick-display-summary} is non-@code{nil}, the summary buffer | |
11061 | will still be visible when you are reading. | |
11062 | ||
11063 | @end table | |
11064 | ||
11065 | All the normal summary mode commands are still available in the | |
11066 | pick-mode, with the exception of @kbd{u}. However @kbd{!} is available | |
11067 | which is mapped to the same function | |
11068 | @code{gnus-summary-tick-article-forward}. | |
11069 | ||
11070 | If this sounds like a good idea to you, you could say: | |
11071 | ||
11072 | @lisp | |
11073 | (add-hook 'gnus-summary-mode-hook 'gnus-pick-mode) | |
11074 | @end lisp | |
11075 | ||
11076 | @vindex gnus-pick-mode-hook | |
11077 | @code{gnus-pick-mode-hook} is run in pick minor mode buffers. | |
11078 | ||
11079 | @vindex gnus-mark-unpicked-articles-as-read | |
11080 | If @code{gnus-mark-unpicked-articles-as-read} is non-@code{nil}, mark | |
11081 | all unpicked articles as read. The default is @code{nil}. | |
11082 | ||
11083 | @vindex gnus-summary-pick-line-format | |
11084 | The summary line format in pick mode is slightly different from the | |
11085 | standard format. At the beginning of each line the line number is | |
11086 | displayed. The pick mode line format is controlled by the | |
11087 | @code{gnus-summary-pick-line-format} variable (@pxref{Formatting | |
11088 | Variables}). It accepts the same format specs that | |
11089 | @code{gnus-summary-line-format} does (@pxref{Summary Buffer Lines}). | |
11090 | ||
11091 | ||
11092 | @node Binary Groups | |
11093 | @subsection Binary Groups | |
11094 | @cindex binary groups | |
11095 | ||
11096 | @findex gnus-binary-mode | |
11097 | @kindex M-x gnus-binary-mode | |
11098 | If you spend much time in binary groups, you may grow tired of hitting | |
11099 | @kbd{X u}, @kbd{n}, @kbd{RET} all the time. @kbd{M-x gnus-binary-mode} | |
11100 | is a minor mode for summary buffers that makes all ordinary Gnus article | |
11101 | selection functions uudecode series of articles and display the result | |
11102 | instead of just displaying the articles the normal way. | |
11103 | ||
11104 | @kindex g (Binary) | |
11105 | @findex gnus-binary-show-article | |
11106 | The only way, in fact, to see the actual articles is the @kbd{g} | |
11107 | command, when you have turned on this mode | |
11108 | (@code{gnus-binary-show-article}). | |
11109 | ||
11110 | @vindex gnus-binary-mode-hook | |
11111 | @code{gnus-binary-mode-hook} is called in binary minor mode buffers. | |
11112 | ||
11113 | ||
11114 | @node Tree Display | |
11115 | @section Tree Display | |
11116 | @cindex trees | |
11117 | ||
11118 | @vindex gnus-use-trees | |
11119 | If you don't like the normal Gnus summary display, you might try setting | |
11120 | @code{gnus-use-trees} to @code{t}. This will create (by default) an | |
11121 | additional @dfn{tree buffer}. You can execute all summary mode commands | |
11122 | in the tree buffer. | |
11123 | ||
11124 | There are a few variables to customize the tree display, of course: | |
11125 | ||
11126 | @table @code | |
11127 | @item gnus-tree-mode-hook | |
11128 | @vindex gnus-tree-mode-hook | |
11129 | A hook called in all tree mode buffers. | |
11130 | ||
11131 | @item gnus-tree-mode-line-format | |
11132 | @vindex gnus-tree-mode-line-format | |
11133 | A format string for the mode bar in the tree mode buffers (@pxref{Mode | |
11134 | Line Formatting}). The default is @samp{Gnus: %%b %S %Z}. For a list | |
11135 | of valid specs, @pxref{Summary Buffer Mode Line}. | |
11136 | ||
11137 | @item gnus-selected-tree-face | |
11138 | @vindex gnus-selected-tree-face | |
11139 | Face used for highlighting the selected article in the tree buffer. The | |
11140 | default is @code{modeline}. | |
11141 | ||
11142 | @item gnus-tree-line-format | |
11143 | @vindex gnus-tree-line-format | |
11144 | A format string for the tree nodes. The name is a bit of a misnomer, | |
11145 | though---it doesn't define a line, but just the node. The default value | |
11146 | is @samp{%(%[%3,3n%]%)}, which displays the first three characters of | |
11147 | the name of the poster. It is vital that all nodes are of the same | |
11148 | length, so you @emph{must} use @samp{%4,4n}-like specifiers. | |
11149 | ||
11150 | Valid specs are: | |
11151 | ||
11152 | @table @samp | |
11153 | @item n | |
11154 | The name of the poster. | |
11155 | @item f | |
11156 | The @code{From} header. | |
11157 | @item N | |
11158 | The number of the article. | |
11159 | @item [ | |
11160 | The opening bracket. | |
11161 | @item ] | |
11162 | The closing bracket. | |
11163 | @item s | |
11164 | The subject. | |
11165 | @end table | |
11166 | ||
11167 | @xref{Formatting Variables}. | |
11168 | ||
11169 | Variables related to the display are: | |
11170 | ||
11171 | @table @code | |
11172 | @item gnus-tree-brackets | |
11173 | @vindex gnus-tree-brackets | |
11174 | This is used for differentiating between ``real'' articles and | |
11175 | ``sparse'' articles. The format is | |
11176 | @example | |
11177 | ((@var{real-open} . @var{real-close}) | |
11178 | (@var{sparse-open} . @var{sparse-close}) | |
11179 | (@var{dummy-open} . @var{dummy-close})) | |
11180 | @end example | |
11181 | and the default is @code{((?[ . ?]) (?( . ?)) (?@{ . ?@}) (?< . ?>))}. | |
11182 | ||
11183 | @item gnus-tree-parent-child-edges | |
11184 | @vindex gnus-tree-parent-child-edges | |
11185 | This is a list that contains the characters used for connecting parent | |
11186 | nodes to their children. The default is @code{(?- ?\\ ?|)}. | |
11187 | ||
11188 | @end table | |
11189 | ||
11190 | @item gnus-tree-minimize-window | |
11191 | @vindex gnus-tree-minimize-window | |
11192 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will try to keep the tree | |
11193 | buffer as small as possible to allow more room for the other Gnus | |
11194 | windows. If this variable is a number, the tree buffer will never be | |
11195 | higher than that number. The default is @code{t}. Note that if you | |
11196 | have several windows displayed side-by-side in a frame and the tree | |
11197 | buffer is one of these, minimizing the tree window will also resize all | |
11198 | other windows displayed next to it. | |
11199 | ||
11200 | You may also wish to add the following hook to keep the window minimized | |
11201 | at all times: | |
11202 | ||
11203 | @lisp | |
11204 | (add-hook 'gnus-configure-windows-hook | |
11205 | 'gnus-tree-perhaps-minimize) | |
11206 | @end lisp | |
11207 | ||
11208 | @item gnus-generate-tree-function | |
11209 | @vindex gnus-generate-tree-function | |
11210 | @findex gnus-generate-horizontal-tree | |
11211 | @findex gnus-generate-vertical-tree | |
11212 | The function that actually generates the thread tree. Two predefined | |
11213 | functions are available: @code{gnus-generate-horizontal-tree} and | |
11214 | @code{gnus-generate-vertical-tree} (which is the default). | |
11215 | ||
11216 | @end table | |
11217 | ||
11218 | Here's an example from a horizontal tree buffer: | |
11219 | ||
11220 | @example | |
11221 | @{***@}-(***)-[odd]-[Gun] | |
11222 | | \[Jan] | |
11223 | | \[odd]-[Eri] | |
11224 | | \(***)-[Eri] | |
11225 | | \[odd]-[Paa] | |
11226 | \[Bjo] | |
11227 | \[Gun] | |
11228 | \[Gun]-[Jor] | |
11229 | @end example | |
11230 | ||
11231 | Here's the same thread displayed in a vertical tree buffer: | |
11232 | ||
11233 | @example | |
11234 | @group | |
11235 | @{***@} | |
11236 | |--------------------------\-----\-----\ | |
11237 | (***) [Bjo] [Gun] [Gun] | |
11238 | |--\-----\-----\ | | |
11239 | [odd] [Jan] [odd] (***) [Jor] | |
11240 | | | |--\ | |
11241 | [Gun] [Eri] [Eri] [odd] | |
11242 | | | |
11243 | [Paa] | |
11244 | @end group | |
11245 | @end example | |
11246 | ||
11247 | If you're using horizontal trees, it might be nice to display the trees | |
11248 | side-by-side with the summary buffer. You could add something like the | |
11249 | following to your @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
11250 | ||
11251 | @lisp | |
11252 | (setq gnus-use-trees t | |
11253 | gnus-generate-tree-function 'gnus-generate-horizontal-tree | |
11254 | gnus-tree-minimize-window nil) | |
11255 | (gnus-add-configuration | |
11256 | '(article | |
11257 | (vertical 1.0 | |
11258 | (horizontal 0.25 | |
11259 | (summary 0.75 point) | |
11260 | (tree 1.0)) | |
11261 | (article 1.0)))) | |
11262 | @end lisp | |
11263 | ||
11264 | @xref{Window Layout}. | |
11265 | ||
11266 | ||
11267 | @node Mail Group Commands | |
11268 | @section Mail Group Commands | |
11269 | @cindex mail group commands | |
11270 | ||
11271 | Some commands only make sense in mail groups. If these commands are | |
11272 | invalid in the current group, they will raise a hell and let you know. | |
11273 | ||
11274 | All these commands (except the expiry and edit commands) use the | |
11275 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
11276 | ||
11277 | @table @kbd | |
11278 | ||
11279 | @item B e | |
11280 | @kindex B e (Summary) | |
11281 | @findex gnus-summary-expire-articles | |
11282 | @cindex expiring mail | |
11283 | Run all expirable articles in the current group through the expiry | |
11284 | process (@code{gnus-summary-expire-articles}). That is, delete all | |
11285 | expirable articles in the group that have been around for a while. | |
11286 | (@pxref{Expiring Mail}). | |
11287 | ||
11288 | @item B C-M-e | |
11289 | @kindex B C-M-e (Summary) | |
11290 | @findex gnus-summary-expire-articles-now | |
11291 | @cindex expiring mail | |
11292 | Delete all the expirable articles in the group | |
11293 | (@code{gnus-summary-expire-articles-now}). This means that @strong{all} | |
11294 | articles eligible for expiry in the current group will | |
11295 | disappear forever into that big @file{/dev/null} in the sky. | |
11296 | ||
11297 | @item B DEL | |
11298 | @kindex B DEL (Summary) | |
b1519d85 | 11299 | @cindex deleting mail |
4009494e GM |
11300 | @findex gnus-summary-delete-article |
11301 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-delete} | |
11302 | Delete the mail article. This is ``delete'' as in ``delete it from your | |
11303 | disk forever and ever, never to return again.'' Use with caution. | |
11304 | (@code{gnus-summary-delete-article}). | |
11305 | ||
11306 | @item B m | |
11307 | @kindex B m (Summary) | |
11308 | @cindex move mail | |
11309 | @findex gnus-summary-move-article | |
11310 | @vindex gnus-preserve-marks | |
11311 | Move the article from one mail group to another | |
11312 | (@code{gnus-summary-move-article}). Marks will be preserved if | |
11313 | @code{gnus-preserve-marks} is non-@code{nil} (which is the default). | |
11314 | ||
11315 | @item B c | |
11316 | @kindex B c (Summary) | |
11317 | @cindex copy mail | |
11318 | @findex gnus-summary-copy-article | |
11319 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-copy} | |
11320 | Copy the article from one group (mail group or not) to a mail group | |
11321 | (@code{gnus-summary-copy-article}). Marks will be preserved if | |
11322 | @code{gnus-preserve-marks} is non-@code{nil} (which is the default). | |
11323 | ||
11324 | @item B B | |
11325 | @kindex B B (Summary) | |
11326 | @cindex crosspost mail | |
11327 | @findex gnus-summary-crosspost-article | |
11328 | Crosspost the current article to some other group | |
11329 | (@code{gnus-summary-crosspost-article}). This will create a new copy of | |
11330 | the article in the other group, and the Xref headers of the article will | |
11331 | be properly updated. | |
11332 | ||
11333 | @item B i | |
11334 | @kindex B i (Summary) | |
11335 | @findex gnus-summary-import-article | |
11336 | Import an arbitrary file into the current mail newsgroup | |
11337 | (@code{gnus-summary-import-article}). You will be prompted for a file | |
11338 | name, a @code{From} header and a @code{Subject} header. | |
11339 | ||
11340 | @item B I | |
11341 | @kindex B I (Summary) | |
11342 | @findex gnus-summary-create-article | |
11343 | Create an empty article in the current mail newsgroups | |
11344 | (@code{gnus-summary-create-article}). You will be prompted for a | |
11345 | @code{From} header and a @code{Subject} header. | |
11346 | ||
11347 | @item B r | |
11348 | @kindex B r (Summary) | |
11349 | @findex gnus-summary-respool-article | |
11350 | @vindex gnus-summary-respool-default-method | |
11351 | Respool the mail article (@code{gnus-summary-respool-article}). | |
11352 | @code{gnus-summary-respool-default-method} will be used as the default | |
11353 | select method when respooling. This variable is @code{nil} by default, | |
11354 | which means that the current group select method will be used instead. | |
11355 | Marks will be preserved if @code{gnus-preserve-marks} is non-@code{nil} | |
11356 | (which is the default). | |
11357 | ||
11358 | @item B w | |
11359 | @itemx e | |
11360 | @kindex B w (Summary) | |
11361 | @kindex e (Summary) | |
11362 | @findex gnus-summary-edit-article | |
11363 | @kindex C-c C-c (Article) | |
11364 | @findex gnus-summary-edit-article-done | |
11365 | Edit the current article (@code{gnus-summary-edit-article}). To finish | |
11366 | editing and make the changes permanent, type @kbd{C-c C-c} | |
11367 | (@code{gnus-summary-edit-article-done}). If you give a prefix to the | |
11368 | @kbd{C-c C-c} command, Gnus won't re-highlight the article. | |
11369 | ||
11370 | @item B q | |
11371 | @kindex B q (Summary) | |
11372 | @findex gnus-summary-respool-query | |
11373 | If you want to re-spool an article, you might be curious as to what group | |
11374 | the article will end up in before you do the re-spooling. This command | |
11375 | will tell you (@code{gnus-summary-respool-query}). | |
11376 | ||
11377 | @item B t | |
11378 | @kindex B t (Summary) | |
11379 | @findex gnus-summary-respool-trace | |
11380 | Similarly, this command will display all fancy splitting patterns used | |
11381 | when respooling, if any (@code{gnus-summary-respool-trace}). | |
11382 | ||
11383 | @item B p | |
11384 | @kindex B p (Summary) | |
11385 | @findex gnus-summary-article-posted-p | |
11386 | Some people have a tendency to send you ``courtesy'' copies when they | |
11387 | follow up to articles you have posted. These usually have a | |
11388 | @code{Newsgroups} header in them, but not always. This command | |
11389 | (@code{gnus-summary-article-posted-p}) will try to fetch the current | |
11390 | article from your news server (or rather, from | |
11391 | @code{gnus-refer-article-method} or @code{gnus-select-method}) and will | |
11392 | report back whether it found the article or not. Even if it says that | |
11393 | it didn't find the article, it may have been posted anyway---mail | |
11394 | propagation is much faster than news propagation, and the news copy may | |
11395 | just not have arrived yet. | |
11396 | ||
11397 | @item K E | |
11398 | @kindex K E (Summary) | |
11399 | @findex gnus-article-encrypt-body | |
11400 | @vindex gnus-article-encrypt-protocol | |
11401 | Encrypt the body of an article (@code{gnus-article-encrypt-body}). | |
11402 | The body is encrypted with the encryption protocol specified by the | |
11403 | variable @code{gnus-article-encrypt-protocol}. | |
11404 | ||
11405 | @end table | |
11406 | ||
11407 | @vindex gnus-move-split-methods | |
11408 | @cindex moving articles | |
11409 | If you move (or copy) articles regularly, you might wish to have Gnus | |
11410 | suggest where to put the articles. @code{gnus-move-split-methods} is a | |
11411 | variable that uses the same syntax as @code{gnus-split-methods} | |
11412 | (@pxref{Saving Articles}). You may customize that variable to create | |
11413 | suggestions you find reasonable. (Note that | |
11414 | @code{gnus-move-split-methods} uses group names where | |
11415 | @code{gnus-split-methods} uses file names.) | |
11416 | ||
11417 | @lisp | |
11418 | (setq gnus-move-split-methods | |
11419 | '(("^From:.*Lars Magne" "nnml:junk") | |
11420 | ("^Subject:.*gnus" "nnfolder:important") | |
11421 | (".*" "nnml:misc"))) | |
11422 | @end lisp | |
11423 | ||
11424 | ||
11425 | @node Various Summary Stuff | |
11426 | @section Various Summary Stuff | |
11427 | ||
11428 | @menu | |
11429 | * Summary Group Information:: Information oriented commands. | |
11430 | * Searching for Articles:: Multiple article commands. | |
11431 | * Summary Generation Commands:: | |
11432 | * Really Various Summary Commands:: Those pesky non-conformant commands. | |
11433 | @end menu | |
11434 | ||
11435 | @table @code | |
11436 | @vindex gnus-summary-display-while-building | |
11437 | @item gnus-summary-display-while-building | |
11438 | If non-@code{nil}, show and update the summary buffer as it's being | |
11439 | built. If @code{t}, update the buffer after every line is inserted. | |
11440 | If the value is an integer, @var{n}, update the display every @var{n} | |
11441 | lines. The default is @code{nil}. | |
11442 | ||
11443 | @vindex gnus-summary-display-arrow | |
11444 | @item gnus-summary-display-arrow | |
11445 | If non-@code{nil}, display an arrow in the fringe to indicate the | |
11446 | current article. | |
11447 | ||
11448 | @vindex gnus-summary-mode-hook | |
11449 | @item gnus-summary-mode-hook | |
11450 | This hook is called when creating a summary mode buffer. | |
11451 | ||
11452 | @vindex gnus-summary-generate-hook | |
11453 | @item gnus-summary-generate-hook | |
11454 | This is called as the last thing before doing the threading and the | |
11455 | generation of the summary buffer. It's quite convenient for customizing | |
11456 | the threading variables based on what data the newsgroup has. This hook | |
11457 | is called from the summary buffer after most summary buffer variables | |
11458 | have been set. | |
11459 | ||
11460 | @vindex gnus-summary-prepare-hook | |
11461 | @item gnus-summary-prepare-hook | |
11462 | It is called after the summary buffer has been generated. You might use | |
11463 | it to, for instance, highlight lines or modify the look of the buffer in | |
11464 | some other ungodly manner. I don't care. | |
11465 | ||
11466 | @vindex gnus-summary-prepared-hook | |
11467 | @item gnus-summary-prepared-hook | |
11468 | A hook called as the very last thing after the summary buffer has been | |
11469 | generated. | |
11470 | ||
11471 | @vindex gnus-summary-ignore-duplicates | |
11472 | @item gnus-summary-ignore-duplicates | |
11473 | When Gnus discovers two articles that have the same @code{Message-ID}, | |
11474 | it has to do something drastic. No articles are allowed to have the | |
11475 | same @code{Message-ID}, but this may happen when reading mail from some | |
11476 | sources. Gnus allows you to customize what happens with this variable. | |
11477 | If it is @code{nil} (which is the default), Gnus will rename the | |
11478 | @code{Message-ID} (for display purposes only) and display the article as | |
11479 | any other article. If this variable is @code{t}, it won't display the | |
11480 | article---it'll be as if it never existed. | |
11481 | ||
11482 | @vindex gnus-alter-articles-to-read-function | |
11483 | @item gnus-alter-articles-to-read-function | |
11484 | This function, which takes two parameters (the group name and the list | |
11485 | of articles to be selected), is called to allow the user to alter the | |
11486 | list of articles to be selected. | |
11487 | ||
11488 | For instance, the following function adds the list of cached articles to | |
11489 | the list in one particular group: | |
11490 | ||
11491 | @lisp | |
11492 | (defun my-add-cached-articles (group articles) | |
11493 | (if (string= group "some.group") | |
11494 | (append gnus-newsgroup-cached articles) | |
11495 | articles)) | |
11496 | @end lisp | |
11497 | ||
11498 | @vindex gnus-newsgroup-variables | |
11499 | @item gnus-newsgroup-variables | |
11500 | A list of newsgroup (summary buffer) local variables, or cons of | |
11501 | variables and their default expressions to be evalled (when the default | |
11502 | values are not @code{nil}), that should be made global while the summary | |
11503 | buffer is active. | |
11504 | ||
11505 | Note: The default expressions will be evaluated (using function | |
11506 | @code{eval}) before assignment to the local variable rather than just | |
11507 | assigned to it. If the default expression is the symbol @code{global}, | |
11508 | that symbol will not be evaluated but the global value of the local | |
11509 | variable will be used instead. | |
11510 | ||
11511 | These variables can be used to set variables in the group parameters | |
11512 | while still allowing them to affect operations done in other | |
11513 | buffers. For example: | |
11514 | ||
11515 | @lisp | |
11516 | (setq gnus-newsgroup-variables | |
11517 | '(message-use-followup-to | |
11518 | (gnus-visible-headers . | |
11519 | "^From:\\|^Newsgroups:\\|^Subject:\\|^Date:\\|^To:"))) | |
11520 | @end lisp | |
11521 | ||
11522 | Also @pxref{Group Parameters}. | |
3a23a519 MB |
11523 | |
11524 | @vindex gnus-propagate-marks | |
11525 | @item gnus-propagate-marks | |
11526 | If non-@code{nil}, propagate marks to the backends for possible | |
11527 | storing. @xref{NNTP marks}, and friends, for a more fine-grained | |
11528 | sieve. | |
11529 | ||
4009494e GM |
11530 | @end table |
11531 | ||
11532 | ||
11533 | @node Summary Group Information | |
11534 | @subsection Summary Group Information | |
11535 | ||
11536 | @table @kbd | |
11537 | ||
4009494e GM |
11538 | @item H d |
11539 | @kindex H d (Summary) | |
11540 | @findex gnus-summary-describe-group | |
11541 | Give a brief description of the current group | |
11542 | (@code{gnus-summary-describe-group}). If given a prefix, force | |
11543 | rereading the description from the server. | |
11544 | ||
11545 | @item H h | |
11546 | @kindex H h (Summary) | |
11547 | @findex gnus-summary-describe-briefly | |
11548 | Give an extremely brief description of the most important summary | |
11549 | keystrokes (@code{gnus-summary-describe-briefly}). | |
11550 | ||
11551 | @item H i | |
11552 | @kindex H i (Summary) | |
11553 | @findex gnus-info-find-node | |
11554 | Go to the Gnus info node (@code{gnus-info-find-node}). | |
11555 | @end table | |
11556 | ||
11557 | ||
11558 | @node Searching for Articles | |
11559 | @subsection Searching for Articles | |
11560 | ||
11561 | @table @kbd | |
11562 | ||
11563 | @item M-s | |
11564 | @kindex M-s (Summary) | |
11565 | @findex gnus-summary-search-article-forward | |
11566 | Search through all subsequent (raw) articles for a regexp | |
11567 | (@code{gnus-summary-search-article-forward}). | |
11568 | ||
11569 | @item M-r | |
11570 | @kindex M-r (Summary) | |
11571 | @findex gnus-summary-search-article-backward | |
11572 | Search through all previous (raw) articles for a regexp | |
11573 | (@code{gnus-summary-search-article-backward}). | |
11574 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
11575 | @item M-S |
11576 | @kindex M-S (Summary) | |
11577 | @findex gnus-summary-repeat-search-article-forward | |
11578 | Repeat the previous search forwards | |
11579 | (@code{gnus-summary-repeat-search-article-forward}). | |
11580 | ||
11581 | @item M-R | |
11582 | @kindex M-R (Summary) | |
11583 | @findex gnus-summary-repeat-search-article-backward | |
11584 | Repeat the previous search backwards | |
11585 | (@code{gnus-summary-repeat-search-article-backward}). | |
11586 | ||
4009494e GM |
11587 | @item & |
11588 | @kindex & (Summary) | |
11589 | @findex gnus-summary-execute-command | |
11590 | This command will prompt you for a header, a regular expression to match | |
11591 | on this field, and a command to be executed if the match is made | |
11592 | (@code{gnus-summary-execute-command}). If the header is an empty | |
11593 | string, the match is done on the entire article. If given a prefix, | |
11594 | search backward instead. | |
11595 | ||
11596 | For instance, @kbd{& RET some.*string RET #} will put the process mark on | |
11597 | all articles that have heads or bodies that match @samp{some.*string}. | |
11598 | ||
11599 | @item M-& | |
11600 | @kindex M-& (Summary) | |
11601 | @findex gnus-summary-universal-argument | |
11602 | Perform any operation on all articles that have been marked with | |
11603 | the process mark (@code{gnus-summary-universal-argument}). | |
11604 | @end table | |
11605 | ||
11606 | @node Summary Generation Commands | |
11607 | @subsection Summary Generation Commands | |
11608 | ||
11609 | @table @kbd | |
11610 | ||
11611 | @item Y g | |
11612 | @kindex Y g (Summary) | |
11613 | @findex gnus-summary-prepare | |
11614 | Regenerate the current summary buffer (@code{gnus-summary-prepare}). | |
11615 | ||
11616 | @item Y c | |
11617 | @kindex Y c (Summary) | |
11618 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-cached-articles | |
11619 | Pull all cached articles (for the current group) into the summary buffer | |
11620 | (@code{gnus-summary-insert-cached-articles}). | |
11621 | ||
11622 | @item Y d | |
11623 | @kindex Y d (Summary) | |
11624 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-dormant-articles | |
11625 | Pull all dormant articles (for the current group) into the summary buffer | |
11626 | (@code{gnus-summary-insert-dormant-articles}). | |
11627 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
11628 | @item Y t |
11629 | @kindex Y t (Summary) | |
11630 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-ticked-articles | |
11631 | Pull all ticked articles (for the current group) into the summary buffer | |
11632 | (@code{gnus-summary-insert-ticked-articles}). | |
11633 | ||
4009494e GM |
11634 | @end table |
11635 | ||
11636 | ||
11637 | @node Really Various Summary Commands | |
11638 | @subsection Really Various Summary Commands | |
11639 | ||
11640 | @table @kbd | |
11641 | ||
11642 | @item A D | |
11643 | @itemx C-d | |
11644 | @kindex C-d (Summary) | |
11645 | @kindex A D (Summary) | |
11646 | @findex gnus-summary-enter-digest-group | |
11647 | If the current article is a collection of other articles (for instance, | |
11648 | a digest), you might use this command to enter a group based on the that | |
11649 | article (@code{gnus-summary-enter-digest-group}). Gnus will try to | |
11650 | guess what article type is currently displayed unless you give a prefix | |
11651 | to this command, which forces a ``digest'' interpretation. Basically, | |
11652 | whenever you see a message that is a collection of other messages of | |
11653 | some format, you @kbd{C-d} and read these messages in a more convenient | |
11654 | fashion. | |
11655 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
11656 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-on-ephemeral-exit |
11657 | The variable @code{gnus-auto-select-on-ephemeral-exit} controls what | |
11658 | article should be selected after exiting a digest group. Valid values | |
11659 | include: | |
11660 | ||
11661 | @table @code | |
11662 | @item next | |
11663 | Select the next article. | |
11664 | ||
11665 | @item next-unread | |
11666 | Select the next unread article. | |
11667 | ||
11668 | @item next-noselect | |
11669 | Move the cursor to the next article. This is the default. | |
11670 | ||
11671 | @item next-unread-noselect | |
11672 | Move the cursor to the next unread article. | |
11673 | @end table | |
11674 | ||
11675 | If it has any other value or there is no next (unread) article, the | |
11676 | article selected before entering to the digest group will appear. | |
11677 | ||
4009494e GM |
11678 | @item C-M-d |
11679 | @kindex C-M-d (Summary) | |
11680 | @findex gnus-summary-read-document | |
11681 | This command is very similar to the one above, but lets you gather | |
11682 | several documents into one biiig group | |
11683 | (@code{gnus-summary-read-document}). It does this by opening several | |
11684 | @code{nndoc} groups for each document, and then opening an | |
11685 | @code{nnvirtual} group on top of these @code{nndoc} groups. This | |
11686 | command understands the process/prefix convention | |
11687 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
11688 | ||
11689 | @item C-t | |
11690 | @kindex C-t (Summary) | |
11691 | @findex gnus-summary-toggle-truncation | |
11692 | Toggle truncation of summary lines | |
11693 | (@code{gnus-summary-toggle-truncation}). This will probably confuse the | |
11694 | line centering function in the summary buffer, so it's not a good idea | |
11695 | to have truncation switched off while reading articles. | |
11696 | ||
11697 | @item = | |
11698 | @kindex = (Summary) | |
11699 | @findex gnus-summary-expand-window | |
11700 | Expand the summary buffer window (@code{gnus-summary-expand-window}). | |
11701 | If given a prefix, force an @code{article} window configuration. | |
11702 | ||
11703 | @item C-M-e | |
11704 | @kindex C-M-e (Summary) | |
11705 | @findex gnus-summary-edit-parameters | |
11706 | Edit the group parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}) of the current | |
11707 | group (@code{gnus-summary-edit-parameters}). | |
11708 | ||
11709 | @item C-M-a | |
11710 | @kindex C-M-a (Summary) | |
11711 | @findex gnus-summary-customize-parameters | |
11712 | Customize the group parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}) of the current | |
11713 | group (@code{gnus-summary-customize-parameters}). | |
11714 | ||
11715 | @end table | |
11716 | ||
11717 | ||
11718 | @node Exiting the Summary Buffer | |
11719 | @section Exiting the Summary Buffer | |
11720 | @cindex summary exit | |
11721 | @cindex exiting groups | |
11722 | ||
11723 | Exiting from the summary buffer will normally update all info on the | |
11724 | group and return you to the group buffer. | |
11725 | ||
11726 | @table @kbd | |
11727 | ||
11728 | @item Z Z | |
11729 | @itemx Z Q | |
11730 | @itemx q | |
11731 | @kindex Z Z (Summary) | |
11732 | @kindex Z Q (Summary) | |
11733 | @kindex q (Summary) | |
11734 | @findex gnus-summary-exit | |
11735 | @vindex gnus-summary-exit-hook | |
11736 | @vindex gnus-summary-prepare-exit-hook | |
11737 | @vindex gnus-group-no-more-groups-hook | |
11738 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-exit} | |
11739 | Exit the current group and update all information on the group | |
11740 | (@code{gnus-summary-exit}). @code{gnus-summary-prepare-exit-hook} is | |
11741 | called before doing much of the exiting, which calls | |
11742 | @code{gnus-summary-expire-articles} by default. | |
11743 | @code{gnus-summary-exit-hook} is called after finishing the exit | |
11744 | process. @code{gnus-group-no-more-groups-hook} is run when returning to | |
11745 | group mode having no more (unread) groups. | |
11746 | ||
11747 | @item Z E | |
11748 | @itemx Q | |
11749 | @kindex Z E (Summary) | |
11750 | @kindex Q (Summary) | |
11751 | @findex gnus-summary-exit-no-update | |
11752 | Exit the current group without updating any information on the group | |
11753 | (@code{gnus-summary-exit-no-update}). | |
11754 | ||
11755 | @item Z c | |
11756 | @itemx c | |
11757 | @kindex Z c (Summary) | |
11758 | @kindex c (Summary) | |
11759 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit | |
11760 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit} | |
11761 | Mark all unticked articles in the group as read and then exit | |
11762 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit}). | |
11763 | ||
11764 | @item Z C | |
11765 | @kindex Z C (Summary) | |
11766 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-all-and-exit | |
11767 | Mark all articles, even the ticked ones, as read and then exit | |
11768 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-all-and-exit}). | |
11769 | ||
11770 | @item Z n | |
11771 | @kindex Z n (Summary) | |
11772 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-and-goto-next-group | |
11773 | Mark all articles as read and go to the next group | |
11774 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-and-goto-next-group}). | |
11775 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
11776 | @item Z p |
11777 | @kindex Z p (Summary) | |
11778 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-and-goto-prev-group | |
11779 | Mark all articles as read and go to the previous group | |
11780 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-and-goto-prev-group}). | |
11781 | ||
4009494e GM |
11782 | @item Z R |
11783 | @itemx C-x C-s | |
11784 | @kindex Z R (Summary) | |
11785 | @kindex C-x C-s (Summary) | |
11786 | @findex gnus-summary-reselect-current-group | |
11787 | Exit this group, and then enter it again | |
11788 | (@code{gnus-summary-reselect-current-group}). If given a prefix, select | |
11789 | all articles, both read and unread. | |
11790 | ||
11791 | @item Z G | |
11792 | @itemx M-g | |
11793 | @kindex Z G (Summary) | |
11794 | @kindex M-g (Summary) | |
11795 | @findex gnus-summary-rescan-group | |
11796 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-get} | |
11797 | Exit the group, check for new articles in the group, and select the | |
11798 | group (@code{gnus-summary-rescan-group}). If given a prefix, select all | |
11799 | articles, both read and unread. | |
11800 | ||
11801 | @item Z N | |
11802 | @kindex Z N (Summary) | |
11803 | @findex gnus-summary-next-group | |
11804 | Exit the group and go to the next group | |
11805 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-group}). | |
11806 | ||
11807 | @item Z P | |
11808 | @kindex Z P (Summary) | |
11809 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-group | |
11810 | Exit the group and go to the previous group | |
11811 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-group}). | |
11812 | ||
11813 | @item Z s | |
11814 | @kindex Z s (Summary) | |
11815 | @findex gnus-summary-save-newsrc | |
11816 | Save the current number of read/marked articles in the dribble buffer | |
11817 | and then save the dribble buffer (@code{gnus-summary-save-newsrc}). If | |
11818 | given a prefix, also save the @file{.newsrc} file(s). Using this | |
11819 | command will make exit without updating (the @kbd{Q} command) worthless. | |
11820 | @end table | |
11821 | ||
11822 | @vindex gnus-exit-group-hook | |
11823 | @code{gnus-exit-group-hook} is called when you exit the current group | |
11824 | with an ``updating'' exit. For instance @kbd{Q} | |
11825 | (@code{gnus-summary-exit-no-update}) does not call this hook. | |
11826 | ||
11827 | @findex gnus-summary-wake-up-the-dead | |
11828 | @findex gnus-dead-summary-mode | |
11829 | @vindex gnus-kill-summary-on-exit | |
11830 | If you're in the habit of exiting groups, and then changing your mind | |
11831 | about it, you might set @code{gnus-kill-summary-on-exit} to @code{nil}. | |
11832 | If you do that, Gnus won't kill the summary buffer when you exit it. | |
11833 | (Quelle surprise!) Instead it will change the name of the buffer to | |
11834 | something like @samp{*Dead Summary ... *} and install a minor mode | |
11835 | called @code{gnus-dead-summary-mode}. Now, if you switch back to this | |
11836 | buffer, you'll find that all keys are mapped to a function called | |
11837 | @code{gnus-summary-wake-up-the-dead}. So tapping any keys in a dead | |
11838 | summary buffer will result in a live, normal summary buffer. | |
11839 | ||
11840 | There will never be more than one dead summary buffer at any one time. | |
11841 | ||
11842 | @vindex gnus-use-cross-reference | |
11843 | The data on the current group will be updated (which articles you have | |
11844 | read, which articles you have replied to, etc.) when you exit the | |
11845 | summary buffer. If the @code{gnus-use-cross-reference} variable is | |
11846 | @code{t} (which is the default), articles that are cross-referenced to | |
11847 | this group and are marked as read, will also be marked as read in the | |
11848 | other subscribed groups they were cross-posted to. If this variable is | |
11849 | neither @code{nil} nor @code{t}, the article will be marked as read in | |
11850 | both subscribed and unsubscribed groups (@pxref{Crosspost Handling}). | |
11851 | ||
11852 | ||
11853 | @node Crosspost Handling | |
11854 | @section Crosspost Handling | |
11855 | ||
11856 | @cindex velveeta | |
11857 | @cindex spamming | |
11858 | Marking cross-posted articles as read ensures that you'll never have to | |
11859 | read the same article more than once. Unless, of course, somebody has | |
11860 | posted it to several groups separately. Posting the same article to | |
11861 | several groups (not cross-posting) is called @dfn{spamming}, and you are | |
11862 | by law required to send nasty-grams to anyone who perpetrates such a | |
8ccbef23 | 11863 | heinous crime. |
4009494e GM |
11864 | |
11865 | Remember: Cross-posting is kinda ok, but posting the same article | |
11866 | separately to several groups is not. Massive cross-posting (aka. | |
11867 | @dfn{velveeta}) is to be avoided at all costs, and you can even use the | |
11868 | @code{gnus-summary-mail-crosspost-complaint} command to complain about | |
11869 | excessive crossposting (@pxref{Summary Mail Commands}). | |
11870 | ||
11871 | @cindex cross-posting | |
11872 | @cindex Xref | |
11873 | @cindex @acronym{NOV} | |
11874 | One thing that may cause Gnus to not do the cross-posting thing | |
11875 | correctly is if you use an @acronym{NNTP} server that supports @sc{xover} | |
11876 | (which is very nice, because it speeds things up considerably) which | |
11877 | does not include the @code{Xref} header in its @acronym{NOV} lines. This is | |
11878 | Evil, but all too common, alas, alack. Gnus tries to Do The Right Thing | |
11879 | even with @sc{xover} by registering the @code{Xref} lines of all | |
11880 | articles you actually read, but if you kill the articles, or just mark | |
11881 | them as read without reading them, Gnus will not get a chance to snoop | |
11882 | the @code{Xref} lines out of these articles, and will be unable to use | |
11883 | the cross reference mechanism. | |
11884 | ||
11885 | @cindex LIST overview.fmt | |
11886 | @cindex overview.fmt | |
11887 | To check whether your @acronym{NNTP} server includes the @code{Xref} header | |
11888 | in its overview files, try @samp{telnet your.nntp.server nntp}, | |
11889 | @samp{MODE READER} on @code{inn} servers, and then say @samp{LIST | |
11890 | overview.fmt}. This may not work, but if it does, and the last line you | |
11891 | get does not read @samp{Xref:full}, then you should shout and whine at | |
11892 | your news admin until she includes the @code{Xref} header in the | |
11893 | overview files. | |
11894 | ||
4009494e | 11895 | If you want Gnus to get the @code{Xref}s right all the time, you have to |
4b70e299 MB |
11896 | set @code{nntp-nov-is-evil} to @code{t}, which slows things down |
11897 | considerably. Also @pxref{Slow/Expensive Connection}. | |
4009494e GM |
11898 | |
11899 | C'est la vie. | |
11900 | ||
11901 | For an alternative approach, @pxref{Duplicate Suppression}. | |
11902 | ||
11903 | ||
11904 | @node Duplicate Suppression | |
11905 | @section Duplicate Suppression | |
11906 | ||
11907 | By default, Gnus tries to make sure that you don't have to read the same | |
11908 | article more than once by utilizing the crossposting mechanism | |
11909 | (@pxref{Crosspost Handling}). However, that simple and efficient | |
11910 | approach may not work satisfactory for some users for various | |
11911 | reasons. | |
11912 | ||
11913 | @enumerate | |
11914 | @item | |
11915 | The @acronym{NNTP} server may fail to generate the @code{Xref} header. This | |
11916 | is evil and not very common. | |
11917 | ||
11918 | @item | |
11919 | The @acronym{NNTP} server may fail to include the @code{Xref} header in the | |
11920 | @file{.overview} data bases. This is evil and all too common, alas. | |
11921 | ||
11922 | @item | |
11923 | You may be reading the same group (or several related groups) from | |
11924 | different @acronym{NNTP} servers. | |
11925 | ||
11926 | @item | |
11927 | You may be getting mail that duplicates articles posted to groups. | |
11928 | @end enumerate | |
11929 | ||
11930 | I'm sure there are other situations where @code{Xref} handling fails as | |
11931 | well, but these four are the most common situations. | |
11932 | ||
11933 | If, and only if, @code{Xref} handling fails for you, then you may | |
11934 | consider switching on @dfn{duplicate suppression}. If you do so, Gnus | |
11935 | will remember the @code{Message-ID}s of all articles you have read or | |
11936 | otherwise marked as read, and then, as if by magic, mark them as read | |
11937 | all subsequent times you see them---in @emph{all} groups. Using this | |
11938 | mechanism is quite likely to be somewhat inefficient, but not overly | |
11939 | so. It's certainly preferable to reading the same articles more than | |
11940 | once. | |
11941 | ||
11942 | Duplicate suppression is not a very subtle instrument. It's more like a | |
11943 | sledge hammer than anything else. It works in a very simple | |
11944 | fashion---if you have marked an article as read, it adds this Message-ID | |
11945 | to a cache. The next time it sees this Message-ID, it will mark the | |
11946 | article as read with the @samp{M} mark. It doesn't care what group it | |
11947 | saw the article in. | |
11948 | ||
11949 | @table @code | |
11950 | @item gnus-suppress-duplicates | |
11951 | @vindex gnus-suppress-duplicates | |
11952 | If non-@code{nil}, suppress duplicates. | |
11953 | ||
11954 | @item gnus-save-duplicate-list | |
11955 | @vindex gnus-save-duplicate-list | |
11956 | If non-@code{nil}, save the list of duplicates to a file. This will | |
11957 | make startup and shutdown take longer, so the default is @code{nil}. | |
11958 | However, this means that only duplicate articles read in a single Gnus | |
11959 | session are suppressed. | |
11960 | ||
11961 | @item gnus-duplicate-list-length | |
11962 | @vindex gnus-duplicate-list-length | |
11963 | This variable says how many @code{Message-ID}s to keep in the duplicate | |
11964 | suppression list. The default is 10000. | |
11965 | ||
11966 | @item gnus-duplicate-file | |
11967 | @vindex gnus-duplicate-file | |
11968 | The name of the file to store the duplicate suppression list in. The | |
11969 | default is @file{~/News/suppression}. | |
11970 | @end table | |
11971 | ||
11972 | If you have a tendency to stop and start Gnus often, setting | |
11973 | @code{gnus-save-duplicate-list} to @code{t} is probably a good idea. If | |
11974 | you leave Gnus running for weeks on end, you may have it @code{nil}. On | |
11975 | the other hand, saving the list makes startup and shutdown much slower, | |
11976 | so that means that if you stop and start Gnus often, you should set | |
11977 | @code{gnus-save-duplicate-list} to @code{nil}. Uhm. I'll leave this up | |
11978 | to you to figure out, I think. | |
11979 | ||
11980 | @node Security | |
11981 | @section Security | |
11982 | ||
11983 | Gnus is able to verify signed messages or decrypt encrypted messages. | |
11984 | The formats that are supported are @acronym{PGP}, @acronym{PGP/MIME} | |
11985 | and @acronym{S/MIME}, however you need some external programs to get | |
11986 | things to work: | |
11987 | ||
11988 | @enumerate | |
11989 | @item | |
11990 | To handle @acronym{PGP} and @acronym{PGP/MIME} messages, you have to | |
11991 | install an OpenPGP implementation such as GnuPG. The Lisp interface | |
8c9bb6f5 DU |
11992 | to GnuPG included with Emacs is called EasyPG (@pxref{Top, ,EasyPG, |
11993 | epa, EasyPG Assistant user's manual}), but PGG (@pxref{Top, ,PGG, pgg, | |
8ccbef23 | 11994 | PGG Manual}), and Mailcrypt are also supported. |
4009494e GM |
11995 | |
11996 | @item | |
11997 | To handle @acronym{S/MIME} message, you need to install OpenSSL. OpenSSL 0.9.6 | |
11998 | or newer is recommended. | |
11999 | ||
12000 | @end enumerate | |
12001 | ||
4146636e KY |
12002 | The variables that control security functionality on reading/composing |
12003 | messages include: | |
4009494e GM |
12004 | |
12005 | @table @code | |
12006 | @item mm-verify-option | |
12007 | @vindex mm-verify-option | |
12008 | Option of verifying signed parts. @code{never}, not verify; | |
12009 | @code{always}, always verify; @code{known}, only verify known | |
12010 | protocols. Otherwise, ask user. | |
12011 | ||
12012 | @item mm-decrypt-option | |
12013 | @vindex mm-decrypt-option | |
12014 | Option of decrypting encrypted parts. @code{never}, no decryption; | |
12015 | @code{always}, always decrypt; @code{known}, only decrypt known | |
12016 | protocols. Otherwise, ask user. | |
12017 | ||
4146636e KY |
12018 | @item mm-sign-option |
12019 | @vindex mm-sign-option | |
12020 | Option of creating signed parts. @code{nil}, use default signing | |
12021 | keys; @code{guided}, ask user to select signing keys from the menu. | |
12022 | ||
12023 | @item mm-encrypt-option | |
12024 | @vindex mm-encrypt-option | |
12025 | Option of creating encrypted parts. @code{nil}, use the first | |
12026 | public-key matching the @samp{From:} header as the recipient; | |
12027 | @code{guided}, ask user to select recipient keys from the menu. | |
12028 | ||
4009494e GM |
12029 | @item mml1991-use |
12030 | @vindex mml1991-use | |
12031 | Symbol indicating elisp interface to OpenPGP implementation for | |
7f3bc720 | 12032 | @acronym{PGP} messages. The default is @code{epg}, but @code{pgg}, |
8ccbef23 | 12033 | and @code{mailcrypt} are also supported although |
8c9bb6f5 | 12034 | deprecated. By default, Gnus uses the first available interface in |
71fbd643 | 12035 | this order. |
4009494e GM |
12036 | |
12037 | @item mml2015-use | |
12038 | @vindex mml2015-use | |
12039 | Symbol indicating elisp interface to OpenPGP implementation for | |
7f3bc720 | 12040 | @acronym{PGP/MIME} messages. The default is @code{epg}, but |
8ccbef23 | 12041 | @code{pgg}, and @code{mailcrypt} are also supported |
71fbd643 | 12042 | although deprecated. By default, Gnus uses the first available |
8c9bb6f5 | 12043 | interface in this order. |
4009494e GM |
12044 | |
12045 | @end table | |
12046 | ||
12047 | By default the buttons that display security information are not | |
12048 | shown, because they clutter reading the actual e-mail. You can type | |
12049 | @kbd{K b} manually to display the information. Use the | |
12050 | @code{gnus-buttonized-mime-types} and | |
12051 | @code{gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types} variables to control this | |
12052 | permanently. @ref{MIME Commands} for further details, and hints on | |
12053 | how to customize these variables to always display security | |
12054 | information. | |
12055 | ||
12056 | @cindex snarfing keys | |
12057 | @cindex importing PGP keys | |
12058 | @cindex PGP key ring import | |
12059 | Snarfing OpenPGP keys (i.e., importing keys from articles into your | |
12060 | key ring) is not supported explicitly through a menu item or command, | |
12061 | rather Gnus do detect and label keys as @samp{application/pgp-keys}, | |
12062 | allowing you to specify whatever action you think is appropriate | |
12063 | through the usual @acronym{MIME} infrastructure. You can use a | |
12064 | @file{~/.mailcap} entry (@pxref{mailcap, , mailcap, emacs-mime, The | |
12065 | Emacs MIME Manual}) such as the following to import keys using GNU | |
12066 | Privacy Guard when you click on the @acronym{MIME} button | |
12067 | (@pxref{Using MIME}). | |
12068 | ||
12069 | @example | |
12070 | application/pgp-keys; gpg --import --interactive --verbose; needsterminal | |
12071 | @end example | |
12072 | @noindent | |
12073 | This happens to also be the default action defined in | |
12074 | @code{mailcap-mime-data}. | |
12075 | ||
12076 | More information on how to set things for sending outgoing signed and | |
12077 | encrypted messages up can be found in the message manual | |
12078 | (@pxref{Security, ,Security, message, Message Manual}). | |
12079 | ||
12080 | @node Mailing List | |
12081 | @section Mailing List | |
12082 | @cindex mailing list | |
12083 | @cindex RFC 2396 | |
12084 | ||
12085 | @kindex A M (summary) | |
12086 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-insinuate | |
12087 | Gnus understands some mailing list fields of RFC 2369. To enable it, | |
12088 | add a @code{to-list} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}), | |
12089 | possibly using @kbd{A M} (@code{gnus-mailing-list-insinuate}) in the | |
12090 | summary buffer. | |
12091 | ||
12092 | That enables the following commands to the summary buffer: | |
12093 | ||
12094 | @table @kbd | |
12095 | ||
12096 | @item C-c C-n h | |
12097 | @kindex C-c C-n h (Summary) | |
12098 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-help | |
12099 | Send a message to fetch mailing list help, if List-Help field exists. | |
12100 | ||
12101 | @item C-c C-n s | |
12102 | @kindex C-c C-n s (Summary) | |
12103 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-subscribe | |
12104 | Send a message to subscribe the mailing list, if List-Subscribe field exists. | |
12105 | ||
12106 | @item C-c C-n u | |
12107 | @kindex C-c C-n u (Summary) | |
12108 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-unsubscribe | |
12109 | Send a message to unsubscribe the mailing list, if List-Unsubscribe | |
12110 | field exists. | |
12111 | ||
12112 | @item C-c C-n p | |
12113 | @kindex C-c C-n p (Summary) | |
12114 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-post | |
12115 | Post to the mailing list, if List-Post field exists. | |
12116 | ||
12117 | @item C-c C-n o | |
12118 | @kindex C-c C-n o (Summary) | |
12119 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-owner | |
12120 | Send a message to the mailing list owner, if List-Owner field exists. | |
12121 | ||
12122 | @item C-c C-n a | |
12123 | @kindex C-c C-n a (Summary) | |
01c52d31 | 12124 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-archive |
4009494e GM |
12125 | Browse the mailing list archive, if List-Archive field exists. |
12126 | ||
12127 | @end table | |
12128 | ||
12129 | ||
12130 | @node Article Buffer | |
12131 | @chapter Article Buffer | |
12132 | @cindex article buffer | |
12133 | ||
12134 | The articles are displayed in the article buffer, of which there is only | |
12135 | one. All the summary buffers share the same article buffer unless you | |
12136 | tell Gnus otherwise. | |
12137 | ||
12138 | @menu | |
12139 | * Hiding Headers:: Deciding what headers should be displayed. | |
12140 | * Using MIME:: Pushing articles through @acronym{MIME} before reading them. | |
85115796 | 12141 | * HTML:: Reading @acronym{HTML} messages. |
4009494e GM |
12142 | * Customizing Articles:: Tailoring the look of the articles. |
12143 | * Article Keymap:: Keystrokes available in the article buffer. | |
12144 | * Misc Article:: Other stuff. | |
12145 | @end menu | |
12146 | ||
12147 | ||
12148 | @node Hiding Headers | |
12149 | @section Hiding Headers | |
12150 | @cindex hiding headers | |
12151 | @cindex deleting headers | |
12152 | ||
12153 | The top section of each article is the @dfn{head}. (The rest is the | |
12154 | @dfn{body}, but you may have guessed that already.) | |
12155 | ||
12156 | @vindex gnus-show-all-headers | |
12157 | There is a lot of useful information in the head: the name of the person | |
12158 | who wrote the article, the date it was written and the subject of the | |
12159 | article. That's well and nice, but there's also lots of information | |
12160 | most people do not want to see---what systems the article has passed | |
12161 | through before reaching you, the @code{Message-ID}, the | |
12162 | @code{References}, etc. ad nauseam---and you'll probably want to get rid | |
12163 | of some of those lines. If you want to keep all those lines in the | |
12164 | article buffer, you can set @code{gnus-show-all-headers} to @code{t}. | |
12165 | ||
12166 | Gnus provides you with two variables for sifting headers: | |
12167 | ||
12168 | @table @code | |
12169 | ||
12170 | @item gnus-visible-headers | |
12171 | @vindex gnus-visible-headers | |
12172 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it should be a regular expression | |
12173 | that says what headers you wish to keep in the article buffer. All | |
12174 | headers that do not match this variable will be hidden. | |
12175 | ||
12176 | For instance, if you only want to see the name of the person who wrote | |
12177 | the article and the subject, you'd say: | |
12178 | ||
12179 | @lisp | |
12180 | (setq gnus-visible-headers "^From:\\|^Subject:") | |
12181 | @end lisp | |
12182 | ||
12183 | This variable can also be a list of regexps to match headers to | |
12184 | remain visible. | |
12185 | ||
12186 | @item gnus-ignored-headers | |
12187 | @vindex gnus-ignored-headers | |
12188 | This variable is the reverse of @code{gnus-visible-headers}. If this | |
12189 | variable is set (and @code{gnus-visible-headers} is @code{nil}), it | |
12190 | should be a regular expression that matches all lines that you want to | |
12191 | hide. All lines that do not match this variable will remain visible. | |
12192 | ||
12193 | For instance, if you just want to get rid of the @code{References} line | |
12194 | and the @code{Xref} line, you might say: | |
12195 | ||
12196 | @lisp | |
12197 | (setq gnus-ignored-headers "^References:\\|^Xref:") | |
12198 | @end lisp | |
12199 | ||
12200 | This variable can also be a list of regexps to match headers to | |
12201 | be removed. | |
12202 | ||
12203 | Note that if @code{gnus-visible-headers} is non-@code{nil}, this | |
12204 | variable will have no effect. | |
12205 | ||
12206 | @end table | |
12207 | ||
12208 | @vindex gnus-sorted-header-list | |
12209 | Gnus can also sort the headers for you. (It does this by default.) You | |
12210 | can control the sorting by setting the @code{gnus-sorted-header-list} | |
12211 | variable. It is a list of regular expressions that says in what order | |
12212 | the headers are to be displayed. | |
12213 | ||
12214 | For instance, if you want the name of the author of the article first, | |
12215 | and then the subject, you might say something like: | |
12216 | ||
12217 | @lisp | |
12218 | (setq gnus-sorted-header-list '("^From:" "^Subject:")) | |
12219 | @end lisp | |
12220 | ||
12221 | Any headers that are to remain visible, but are not listed in this | |
12222 | variable, will be displayed in random order after all the headers listed in this variable. | |
12223 | ||
12224 | @findex gnus-article-hide-boring-headers | |
12225 | @vindex gnus-boring-article-headers | |
12226 | You can hide further boring headers by setting | |
12227 | @code{gnus-treat-hide-boring-headers} to @code{head}. What this function | |
12228 | does depends on the @code{gnus-boring-article-headers} variable. It's a | |
12229 | list, but this list doesn't actually contain header names. Instead it | |
12230 | lists various @dfn{boring conditions} that Gnus can check and remove | |
12231 | from sight. | |
12232 | ||
12233 | These conditions are: | |
12234 | @table @code | |
12235 | @item empty | |
12236 | Remove all empty headers. | |
12237 | @item followup-to | |
12238 | Remove the @code{Followup-To} header if it is identical to the | |
12239 | @code{Newsgroups} header. | |
12240 | @item reply-to | |
12241 | Remove the @code{Reply-To} header if it lists the same addresses as | |
12242 | the @code{From} header, or if the @code{broken-reply-to} group | |
12243 | parameter is set. | |
12244 | @item newsgroups | |
12245 | Remove the @code{Newsgroups} header if it only contains the current group | |
12246 | name. | |
12247 | @item to-address | |
12248 | Remove the @code{To} header if it only contains the address identical to | |
12249 | the current group's @code{to-address} parameter. | |
12250 | @item to-list | |
12251 | Remove the @code{To} header if it only contains the address identical to | |
12252 | the current group's @code{to-list} parameter. | |
12253 | @item cc-list | |
12254 | Remove the @code{Cc} header if it only contains the address identical to | |
12255 | the current group's @code{to-list} parameter. | |
12256 | @item date | |
12257 | Remove the @code{Date} header if the article is less than three days | |
12258 | old. | |
12259 | @item long-to | |
12260 | Remove the @code{To} and/or @code{Cc} header if it is very long. | |
12261 | @item many-to | |
12262 | Remove all @code{To} and/or @code{Cc} headers if there are more than one. | |
12263 | @end table | |
12264 | ||
12265 | To include these three elements, you could say something like: | |
12266 | ||
12267 | @lisp | |
12268 | (setq gnus-boring-article-headers | |
12269 | '(empty followup-to reply-to)) | |
12270 | @end lisp | |
12271 | ||
12272 | This is also the default value for this variable. | |
12273 | ||
12274 | ||
12275 | @node Using MIME | |
12276 | @section Using MIME | |
12277 | @cindex @acronym{MIME} | |
12278 | ||
12279 | Mime is a standard for waving your hands through the air, aimlessly, | |
12280 | while people stand around yawning. | |
12281 | ||
12282 | @acronym{MIME}, however, is a standard for encoding your articles, aimlessly, | |
12283 | while all newsreaders die of fear. | |
12284 | ||
12285 | @acronym{MIME} may specify what character set the article uses, the encoding | |
12286 | of the characters, and it also makes it possible to embed pictures and | |
12287 | other naughty stuff in innocent-looking articles. | |
12288 | ||
12289 | @vindex gnus-display-mime-function | |
12290 | @findex gnus-display-mime | |
12291 | Gnus pushes @acronym{MIME} articles through @code{gnus-display-mime-function} | |
12292 | to display the @acronym{MIME} parts. This is @code{gnus-display-mime} by | |
12293 | default, which creates a bundle of clickable buttons that can be used to | |
12294 | display, save and manipulate the @acronym{MIME} objects. | |
12295 | ||
12296 | The following commands are available when you have placed point over a | |
12297 | @acronym{MIME} button: | |
12298 | ||
12299 | @table @kbd | |
12300 | @findex gnus-article-press-button | |
12301 | @item RET (Article) | |
12302 | @kindex RET (Article) | |
12303 | @itemx BUTTON-2 (Article) | |
12304 | Toggle displaying of the @acronym{MIME} object | |
12305 | (@code{gnus-article-press-button}). If built-in viewers can not display | |
12306 | the object, Gnus resorts to external viewers in the @file{mailcap} | |
12307 | files. If a viewer has the @samp{copiousoutput} specification, the | |
12308 | object is displayed inline. | |
12309 | ||
12310 | @findex gnus-mime-view-part | |
12311 | @item M-RET (Article) | |
12312 | @kindex M-RET (Article) | |
12313 | @itemx v (Article) | |
12314 | Prompt for a method, and then view the @acronym{MIME} object using this | |
12315 | method (@code{gnus-mime-view-part}). | |
12316 | ||
12317 | @findex gnus-mime-view-part-as-type | |
12318 | @item t (Article) | |
12319 | @kindex t (Article) | |
12320 | View the @acronym{MIME} object as if it were a different @acronym{MIME} media type | |
12321 | (@code{gnus-mime-view-part-as-type}). | |
12322 | ||
12323 | @findex gnus-mime-view-part-as-charset | |
12324 | @item C (Article) | |
12325 | @kindex C (Article) | |
12326 | Prompt for a charset, and then view the @acronym{MIME} object using this | |
12327 | charset (@code{gnus-mime-view-part-as-charset}). | |
12328 | ||
12329 | @findex gnus-mime-save-part | |
12330 | @item o (Article) | |
12331 | @kindex o (Article) | |
12332 | Prompt for a file name, and then save the @acronym{MIME} object | |
12333 | (@code{gnus-mime-save-part}). | |
12334 | ||
12335 | @findex gnus-mime-save-part-and-strip | |
12336 | @item C-o (Article) | |
12337 | @kindex C-o (Article) | |
12338 | Prompt for a file name, then save the @acronym{MIME} object and strip it from | |
12339 | the article. Then proceed to article editing, where a reasonable | |
12340 | suggestion is being made on how the altered article should look | |
12341 | like. The stripped @acronym{MIME} object will be referred via the | |
12342 | message/external-body @acronym{MIME} type. | |
12343 | (@code{gnus-mime-save-part-and-strip}). | |
12344 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
12345 | @findex gnus-mime-replace-part |
12346 | @item r (Article) | |
12347 | @kindex r (Article) | |
12348 | Prompt for a file name, replace the @acronym{MIME} object with an | |
12349 | external body refering to the file via the message/external-body | |
12350 | @acronym{MIME} type. (@code{gnus-mime-replace-part}). | |
12351 | ||
4009494e GM |
12352 | @findex gnus-mime-delete-part |
12353 | @item d (Article) | |
12354 | @kindex d (Article) | |
12355 | Delete the @acronym{MIME} object from the article and replace it with some | |
12356 | information about the removed @acronym{MIME} object | |
12357 | (@code{gnus-mime-delete-part}). | |
12358 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
12359 | @c FIXME: gnus-auto-select-part should be documented here |
12360 | ||
4009494e GM |
12361 | @findex gnus-mime-copy-part |
12362 | @item c (Article) | |
12363 | @kindex c (Article) | |
12364 | Copy the @acronym{MIME} object to a fresh buffer and display this buffer | |
01c52d31 MB |
12365 | (@code{gnus-mime-copy-part}). If given a prefix, copy the raw contents |
12366 | without decoding. If given a numerical prefix, you can do semi-manual | |
12367 | charset stuff (see @code{gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist} in | |
12368 | @ref{Paging the Article}). Compressed files like @file{.gz} and | |
4009494e GM |
12369 | @file{.bz2} are automatically decompressed if |
12370 | @code{auto-compression-mode} is enabled (@pxref{Compressed Files,, | |
12371 | Accessing Compressed Files, emacs, The Emacs Editor}). | |
12372 | ||
12373 | @findex gnus-mime-print-part | |
12374 | @item p (Article) | |
12375 | @kindex p (Article) | |
12376 | Print the @acronym{MIME} object (@code{gnus-mime-print-part}). This | |
12377 | command respects the @samp{print=} specifications in the | |
12378 | @file{.mailcap} file. | |
12379 | ||
12380 | @findex gnus-mime-inline-part | |
12381 | @item i (Article) | |
12382 | @kindex i (Article) | |
12383 | Insert the contents of the @acronym{MIME} object into the buffer | |
9b3ebcb6 | 12384 | (@code{gnus-mime-inline-part}) as @samp{text/plain}. If given a prefix, insert |
4009494e GM |
12385 | the raw contents without decoding. If given a numerical prefix, you can |
12386 | do semi-manual charset stuff (see | |
12387 | @code{gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist} in @ref{Paging the | |
01c52d31 MB |
12388 | Article}). Compressed files like @file{.gz} and @file{.bz2} are |
12389 | automatically decompressed depending on @code{jka-compr} regardless of | |
12390 | @code{auto-compression-mode} (@pxref{Compressed Files,, Accessing | |
12391 | Compressed Files, emacs, The Emacs Editor}). | |
4009494e GM |
12392 | |
12393 | @findex gnus-mime-view-part-internally | |
12394 | @item E (Article) | |
12395 | @kindex E (Article) | |
12396 | View the @acronym{MIME} object with an internal viewer. If no internal | |
12397 | viewer is available, use an external viewer | |
12398 | (@code{gnus-mime-view-part-internally}). | |
12399 | ||
12400 | @findex gnus-mime-view-part-externally | |
12401 | @item e (Article) | |
12402 | @kindex e (Article) | |
12403 | View the @acronym{MIME} object with an external viewer. | |
12404 | (@code{gnus-mime-view-part-externally}). | |
12405 | ||
12406 | @findex gnus-mime-pipe-part | |
12407 | @item | (Article) | |
12408 | @kindex | (Article) | |
12409 | Output the @acronym{MIME} object to a process (@code{gnus-mime-pipe-part}). | |
12410 | ||
12411 | @findex gnus-mime-action-on-part | |
12412 | @item . (Article) | |
12413 | @kindex . (Article) | |
12414 | Interactively run an action on the @acronym{MIME} object | |
12415 | (@code{gnus-mime-action-on-part}). | |
12416 | ||
12417 | @end table | |
12418 | ||
12419 | Gnus will display some @acronym{MIME} objects automatically. The way Gnus | |
12420 | determines which parts to do this with is described in the Emacs | |
12421 | @acronym{MIME} manual. | |
12422 | ||
12423 | It might be best to just use the toggling functions from the article | |
12424 | buffer to avoid getting nasty surprises. (For instance, you enter the | |
12425 | group @samp{alt.sing-a-long} and, before you know it, @acronym{MIME} has | |
12426 | decoded the sound file in the article and some horrible sing-a-long song | |
12427 | comes screaming out your speakers, and you can't find the volume button, | |
12428 | because there isn't one, and people are starting to look at you, and you | |
12429 | try to stop the program, but you can't, and you can't find the program | |
12430 | to control the volume, and everybody else in the room suddenly decides | |
12431 | to look at you disdainfully, and you'll feel rather stupid.) | |
12432 | ||
12433 | Any similarity to real events and people is purely coincidental. Ahem. | |
12434 | ||
12435 | Also @pxref{MIME Commands}. | |
12436 | ||
12437 | ||
85115796 KY |
12438 | @node HTML |
12439 | @section @acronym{HTML} | |
12440 | @cindex @acronym{HTML} | |
12441 | ||
12442 | If you have @code{w3m} installed on your system, Gnus can display | |
12443 | @acronym{HTML} articles in the article buffer. There are many Gnus | |
12444 | add-ons for doing this, using various approaches, but there's one | |
12445 | (sort of) built-in method that's used by default. | |
12446 | ||
12447 | For a complete overview, consult @xref{Display Customization, | |
12448 | ,Display Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME Manual}. This | |
12449 | section only describes the default method. | |
12450 | ||
12451 | @table @code | |
12452 | @item mm-text-html-renderer | |
12453 | @vindex mm-text-html-renderer | |
12454 | If set to @code{gnus-article-html}, Gnus will use the built-in method, | |
12455 | that's based on @code{curl} and @code{w3m}. | |
12456 | ||
51dee5ef KY |
12457 | @item gnus-blocked-images |
12458 | @vindex gnus-blocked-images | |
12459 | Images that have @acronym{URL}s that match this regexp won't be | |
12460 | fetched and displayed. For instance, do block all @acronym{URL}s that | |
12461 | have the string ``ads'' in them, do the following: | |
12462 | ||
12463 | @lisp | |
12464 | (setq gnus-blocked-images "ads") | |
12465 | @end lisp | |
12466 | ||
12467 | The default is to block all external images. | |
12468 | ||
85115796 KY |
12469 | @item gnus-html-cache-directory |
12470 | @vindex gnus-html-cache-directory | |
12471 | Gnus will download and cache images according to how | |
51dee5ef | 12472 | @code{gnus-blocked-images} is set. These images will be stored in |
85115796 KY |
12473 | this directory. |
12474 | ||
12475 | @item gnus-html-cache-size | |
12476 | @vindex gnus-html-cache-size | |
12477 | When @code{gnus-html-cache-size} bytes have been used in that | |
12478 | directory, the oldest files will be deleted. The default is 500MB. | |
12479 | ||
12480 | @item gnus-html-frame-width | |
12481 | @vindex gnus-html-frame-width | |
12482 | The width to use when rendering HTML. The default is 70. | |
12483 | ||
59d09f15 LMI |
12484 | @item gnus-max-image-proportion |
12485 | @vindex gnus-max-image-proportion | |
12486 | How big pictures displayed are in relation to the window they're in. | |
12487 | A value of 0.7 (the default) means that they are allowed to take up | |
12488 | 70% of the width and height of the window. If they are larger than | |
12489 | this, and Emacs supports it, then the images will be rescaled down to | |
12490 | fit these criteria. | |
12491 | ||
85115796 KY |
12492 | @end table |
12493 | ||
12494 | To use this, make sure that you have @code{w3m} and @code{curl} | |
12495 | installed. If you have, then Gnus should display @acronym{HTML} | |
12496 | automatically. | |
12497 | ||
12498 | ||
12499 | ||
4009494e GM |
12500 | @node Customizing Articles |
12501 | @section Customizing Articles | |
12502 | @cindex article customization | |
12503 | ||
12504 | A slew of functions for customizing how the articles are to look like | |
12505 | exist. You can call these functions interactively | |
12506 | (@pxref{Article Washing}), or you can have them | |
12507 | called automatically when you select the articles. | |
12508 | ||
12509 | To have them called automatically, you should set the corresponding | |
12510 | ``treatment'' variable. For instance, to have headers hidden, you'd set | |
12511 | @code{gnus-treat-hide-headers}. Below is a list of variables that can | |
12512 | be set, but first we discuss the values these variables can have. | |
12513 | ||
12514 | Note: Some values, while valid, make little sense. Check the list below | |
12515 | for sensible values. | |
12516 | ||
12517 | @enumerate | |
12518 | @item | |
12519 | @code{nil}: Don't do this treatment. | |
12520 | ||
12521 | @item | |
12522 | @code{t}: Do this treatment on all body parts. | |
12523 | ||
12524 | @item | |
12525 | @code{head}: Do the treatment on the headers. | |
12526 | ||
12527 | @item | |
01c52d31 MB |
12528 | @code{first}: Do this treatment on the first body part. |
12529 | ||
12530 | @item | |
12531 | @code{last}: Do this treatment on the last body part. | |
4009494e GM |
12532 | |
12533 | @item | |
12534 | An integer: Do this treatment on all body parts that have a length less | |
12535 | than this number. | |
12536 | ||
12537 | @item | |
12538 | A list of strings: Do this treatment on all body parts that are in | |
12539 | articles that are read in groups that have names that match one of the | |
12540 | regexps in the list. | |
12541 | ||
12542 | @item | |
12543 | A list where the first element is not a string: | |
12544 | ||
12545 | The list is evaluated recursively. The first element of the list is a | |
12546 | predicate. The following predicates are recognized: @code{or}, | |
12547 | @code{and}, @code{not} and @code{typep}. Here's an example: | |
12548 | ||
12549 | @lisp | |
12550 | (or last | |
12551 | (typep "text/x-vcard")) | |
12552 | @end lisp | |
12553 | ||
12554 | @end enumerate | |
12555 | ||
12556 | You may have noticed that the word @dfn{part} is used here. This refers | |
12557 | to the fact that some messages are @acronym{MIME} multipart articles that may | |
12558 | be divided into several parts. Articles that are not multiparts are | |
12559 | considered to contain just a single part. | |
12560 | ||
12561 | @vindex gnus-article-treat-types | |
12562 | Are the treatments applied to all sorts of multipart parts? Yes, if you | |
12563 | want to, but by default, only @samp{text/plain} parts are given the | |
12564 | treatment. This is controlled by the @code{gnus-article-treat-types} | |
12565 | variable, which is a list of regular expressions that are matched to the | |
12566 | type of the part. This variable is ignored if the value of the | |
12567 | controlling variable is a predicate list, as described above. | |
12568 | ||
12569 | @ifinfo | |
12570 | @c Avoid sort of redundant entries in the same section for the printed | |
12571 | @c manual, but add them in info to allow `i gnus-treat-foo-bar RET' or | |
12572 | @c `i foo-bar'. | |
12573 | @vindex gnus-treat-buttonize | |
12574 | @vindex gnus-treat-buttonize-head | |
12575 | @vindex gnus-treat-capitalize-sentences | |
12576 | @vindex gnus-treat-overstrike | |
12577 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-cr | |
12578 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-headers-in-body | |
12579 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-leading-blank-lines | |
12580 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-multiple-blank-lines | |
12581 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-pem | |
12582 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-trailing-blank-lines | |
12583 | @vindex gnus-treat-unsplit-urls | |
12584 | @vindex gnus-treat-wash-html | |
12585 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-english | |
12586 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-iso8601 | |
12587 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-lapsed | |
12588 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-local | |
12589 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-original | |
12590 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-user-defined | |
12591 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-ut | |
12592 | @vindex gnus-treat-from-picon | |
12593 | @vindex gnus-treat-mail-picon | |
12594 | @vindex gnus-treat-newsgroups-picon | |
61b1af82 G |
12595 | @vindex gnus-treat-from-gravatar |
12596 | @vindex gnus-treat-mail-gravatar | |
4009494e GM |
12597 | @vindex gnus-treat-display-smileys |
12598 | @vindex gnus-treat-body-boundary | |
12599 | @vindex gnus-treat-display-x-face | |
12600 | @vindex gnus-treat-display-face | |
12601 | @vindex gnus-treat-emphasize | |
12602 | @vindex gnus-treat-fill-article | |
12603 | @vindex gnus-treat-fill-long-lines | |
12604 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-boring-headers | |
12605 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-citation | |
12606 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-citation-maybe | |
12607 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-headers | |
12608 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-signature | |
12609 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-banner | |
12610 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-list-identifiers | |
12611 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-citation | |
12612 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-headers | |
12613 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-signature | |
12614 | @vindex gnus-treat-play-sounds | |
4009494e GM |
12615 | @vindex gnus-treat-x-pgp-sig |
12616 | @vindex gnus-treat-unfold-headers | |
12617 | @vindex gnus-treat-fold-headers | |
12618 | @vindex gnus-treat-fold-newsgroups | |
12619 | @vindex gnus-treat-leading-whitespace | |
12620 | @end ifinfo | |
12621 | ||
12622 | The following treatment options are available. The easiest way to | |
12623 | customize this is to examine the @code{gnus-article-treat} customization | |
12624 | group. Values in parenthesis are suggested sensible values. Others are | |
12625 | possible but those listed are probably sufficient for most people. | |
12626 | ||
12627 | @table @code | |
12628 | @item gnus-treat-buttonize (t, integer) | |
12629 | @item gnus-treat-buttonize-head (head) | |
12630 | ||
12631 | @xref{Article Buttons}. | |
12632 | ||
12633 | @item gnus-treat-capitalize-sentences (t, integer) | |
12634 | @item gnus-treat-overstrike (t, integer) | |
12635 | @item gnus-treat-strip-cr (t, integer) | |
12636 | @item gnus-treat-strip-headers-in-body (t, integer) | |
01c52d31 | 12637 | @item gnus-treat-strip-leading-blank-lines (t, first, integer) |
4009494e GM |
12638 | @item gnus-treat-strip-multiple-blank-lines (t, integer) |
12639 | @item gnus-treat-strip-pem (t, last, integer) | |
12640 | @item gnus-treat-strip-trailing-blank-lines (t, last, integer) | |
12641 | @item gnus-treat-unsplit-urls (t, integer) | |
12642 | @item gnus-treat-wash-html (t, integer) | |
12643 | ||
12644 | @xref{Article Washing}. | |
12645 | ||
12646 | @item gnus-treat-date-english (head) | |
12647 | @item gnus-treat-date-iso8601 (head) | |
12648 | @item gnus-treat-date-lapsed (head) | |
12649 | @item gnus-treat-date-local (head) | |
12650 | @item gnus-treat-date-original (head) | |
12651 | @item gnus-treat-date-user-defined (head) | |
12652 | @item gnus-treat-date-ut (head) | |
12653 | ||
12654 | @xref{Article Date}. | |
12655 | ||
12656 | @item gnus-treat-from-picon (head) | |
12657 | @item gnus-treat-mail-picon (head) | |
12658 | @item gnus-treat-newsgroups-picon (head) | |
12659 | ||
12660 | @xref{Picons}. | |
12661 | ||
61b1af82 G |
12662 | @item gnus-treat-from-gravatar (head) |
12663 | @item gnus-treat-mail-gravatar (head) | |
12664 | ||
12665 | @xref{Gravatars}. | |
12666 | ||
4009494e GM |
12667 | @item gnus-treat-display-smileys (t, integer) |
12668 | ||
12669 | @item gnus-treat-body-boundary (head) | |
12670 | ||
12671 | @vindex gnus-body-boundary-delimiter | |
12672 | Adds a delimiter between header and body, the string used as delimiter | |
12673 | is controlled by @code{gnus-body-boundary-delimiter}. | |
12674 | ||
12675 | @xref{Smileys}. | |
12676 | ||
12677 | @vindex gnus-treat-display-x-face | |
12678 | @item gnus-treat-display-x-face (head) | |
12679 | ||
12680 | @xref{X-Face}. | |
12681 | ||
12682 | @vindex gnus-treat-display-face | |
12683 | @item gnus-treat-display-face (head) | |
12684 | ||
12685 | @xref{Face}. | |
12686 | ||
12687 | @vindex gnus-treat-emphasize | |
12688 | @item gnus-treat-emphasize (t, head, integer) | |
12689 | @vindex gnus-treat-fill-article | |
12690 | @item gnus-treat-fill-article (t, integer) | |
12691 | @vindex gnus-treat-fill-long-lines | |
12692 | @item gnus-treat-fill-long-lines (t, integer) | |
12693 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-boring-headers | |
12694 | @item gnus-treat-hide-boring-headers (head) | |
12695 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-citation | |
12696 | @item gnus-treat-hide-citation (t, integer) | |
12697 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-citation-maybe | |
12698 | @item gnus-treat-hide-citation-maybe (t, integer) | |
12699 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-headers | |
12700 | @item gnus-treat-hide-headers (head) | |
12701 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-signature | |
12702 | @item gnus-treat-hide-signature (t, last) | |
12703 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-banner | |
12704 | @item gnus-treat-strip-banner (t, last) | |
12705 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-list-identifiers | |
12706 | @item gnus-treat-strip-list-identifiers (head) | |
12707 | ||
12708 | @xref{Article Hiding}. | |
12709 | ||
12710 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-citation | |
12711 | @item gnus-treat-highlight-citation (t, integer) | |
12712 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-headers | |
12713 | @item gnus-treat-highlight-headers (head) | |
12714 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-signature | |
12715 | @item gnus-treat-highlight-signature (t, last, integer) | |
12716 | ||
12717 | @xref{Article Highlighting}. | |
12718 | ||
12719 | @vindex gnus-treat-play-sounds | |
12720 | @item gnus-treat-play-sounds | |
01c52d31 | 12721 | @item gnus-treat-ansi-sequences (t) |
4009494e GM |
12722 | @vindex gnus-treat-x-pgp-sig |
12723 | @item gnus-treat-x-pgp-sig (head) | |
12724 | ||
12725 | @vindex gnus-treat-unfold-headers | |
12726 | @item gnus-treat-unfold-headers (head) | |
12727 | @vindex gnus-treat-fold-headers | |
12728 | @item gnus-treat-fold-headers (head) | |
12729 | @vindex gnus-treat-fold-newsgroups | |
12730 | @item gnus-treat-fold-newsgroups (head) | |
12731 | @vindex gnus-treat-leading-whitespace | |
12732 | @item gnus-treat-leading-whitespace (head) | |
12733 | ||
12734 | @xref{Article Header}. | |
12735 | ||
12736 | ||
12737 | @end table | |
12738 | ||
12739 | @vindex gnus-part-display-hook | |
12740 | You can, of course, write your own functions to be called from | |
12741 | @code{gnus-part-display-hook}. The functions are called narrowed to the | |
12742 | part, and you can do anything you like, pretty much. There is no | |
12743 | information that you have to keep in the buffer---you can change | |
12744 | everything. | |
12745 | ||
12746 | ||
12747 | @node Article Keymap | |
12748 | @section Article Keymap | |
12749 | ||
12750 | Most of the keystrokes in the summary buffer can also be used in the | |
12751 | article buffer. They should behave as if you typed them in the summary | |
12752 | buffer, which means that you don't actually have to have a summary | |
12753 | buffer displayed while reading. You can do it all from the article | |
12754 | buffer. | |
12755 | ||
12756 | @kindex v (Article) | |
12757 | @cindex keys, reserved for users (Article) | |
12758 | The key @kbd{v} is reserved for users. You can bind it to some | |
12759 | command or better use it as a prefix key. | |
12760 | ||
12761 | A few additional keystrokes are available: | |
12762 | ||
12763 | @table @kbd | |
12764 | ||
12765 | @item SPACE | |
12766 | @kindex SPACE (Article) | |
12767 | @findex gnus-article-next-page | |
12768 | Scroll forwards one page (@code{gnus-article-next-page}). | |
12769 | This is exactly the same as @kbd{h SPACE h}. | |
12770 | ||
12771 | @item DEL | |
12772 | @kindex DEL (Article) | |
12773 | @findex gnus-article-prev-page | |
12774 | Scroll backwards one page (@code{gnus-article-prev-page}). | |
12775 | This is exactly the same as @kbd{h DEL h}. | |
12776 | ||
12777 | @item C-c ^ | |
12778 | @kindex C-c ^ (Article) | |
12779 | @findex gnus-article-refer-article | |
12780 | If point is in the neighborhood of a @code{Message-ID} and you press | |
12781 | @kbd{C-c ^}, Gnus will try to get that article from the server | |
12782 | (@code{gnus-article-refer-article}). | |
12783 | ||
12784 | @item C-c C-m | |
12785 | @kindex C-c C-m (Article) | |
12786 | @findex gnus-article-mail | |
12787 | Send a reply to the address near point (@code{gnus-article-mail}). If | |
12788 | given a prefix, include the mail. | |
12789 | ||
12790 | @item s | |
12791 | @kindex s (Article) | |
12792 | @findex gnus-article-show-summary | |
12793 | Reconfigure the buffers so that the summary buffer becomes visible | |
12794 | (@code{gnus-article-show-summary}). | |
12795 | ||
12796 | @item ? | |
12797 | @kindex ? (Article) | |
12798 | @findex gnus-article-describe-briefly | |
12799 | Give a very brief description of the available keystrokes | |
12800 | (@code{gnus-article-describe-briefly}). | |
12801 | ||
12802 | @item TAB | |
12803 | @kindex TAB (Article) | |
12804 | @findex gnus-article-next-button | |
12805 | Go to the next button, if any (@code{gnus-article-next-button}). This | |
12806 | only makes sense if you have buttonizing turned on. | |
12807 | ||
12808 | @item M-TAB | |
12809 | @kindex M-TAB (Article) | |
12810 | @findex gnus-article-prev-button | |
12811 | Go to the previous button, if any (@code{gnus-article-prev-button}). | |
12812 | ||
12813 | @item R | |
12814 | @kindex R (Article) | |
12815 | @findex gnus-article-reply-with-original | |
12816 | Send a reply to the current article and yank the current article | |
95838435 MB |
12817 | (@code{gnus-article-reply-with-original}). If the region is active, |
12818 | only yank the text in the region. | |
12819 | ||
12820 | @item S W | |
12821 | @kindex S W (Article) | |
12822 | @findex gnus-article-wide-reply-with-original | |
12823 | Send a wide reply to the current article and yank the current article | |
12824 | (@code{gnus-article-wide-reply-with-original}). If the region is | |
12825 | active, only yank the text in the region. | |
4009494e GM |
12826 | |
12827 | @item F | |
12828 | @kindex F (Article) | |
12829 | @findex gnus-article-followup-with-original | |
12830 | Send a followup to the current article and yank the current article | |
95838435 MB |
12831 | (@code{gnus-article-followup-with-original}). If the region is active, |
12832 | only yank the text in the region. | |
4009494e GM |
12833 | |
12834 | ||
12835 | @end table | |
12836 | ||
12837 | ||
12838 | @node Misc Article | |
12839 | @section Misc Article | |
12840 | ||
12841 | @table @code | |
12842 | ||
12843 | @item gnus-single-article-buffer | |
12844 | @vindex gnus-single-article-buffer | |
12845 | @cindex article buffers, several | |
12846 | If non-@code{nil}, use the same article buffer for all the groups. | |
12847 | (This is the default.) If @code{nil}, each group will have its own | |
12848 | article buffer. | |
12849 | ||
12850 | @vindex gnus-article-decode-hook | |
12851 | @item gnus-article-decode-hook | |
12852 | @cindex @acronym{MIME} | |
12853 | Hook used to decode @acronym{MIME} articles. The default value is | |
12854 | @code{(article-decode-charset article-decode-encoded-words)} | |
12855 | ||
12856 | @vindex gnus-article-prepare-hook | |
12857 | @item gnus-article-prepare-hook | |
12858 | This hook is called right after the article has been inserted into the | |
12859 | article buffer. It is mainly intended for functions that do something | |
12860 | depending on the contents; it should probably not be used for changing | |
12861 | the contents of the article buffer. | |
12862 | ||
12863 | @item gnus-article-mode-hook | |
12864 | @vindex gnus-article-mode-hook | |
12865 | Hook called in article mode buffers. | |
12866 | ||
12867 | @item gnus-article-mode-syntax-table | |
12868 | @vindex gnus-article-mode-syntax-table | |
12869 | Syntax table used in article buffers. It is initialized from | |
12870 | @code{text-mode-syntax-table}. | |
12871 | ||
12872 | @vindex gnus-article-over-scroll | |
12873 | @item gnus-article-over-scroll | |
12874 | If non-@code{nil}, allow scrolling the article buffer even when there | |
12875 | no more new text to scroll in. The default is @code{nil}. | |
12876 | ||
12877 | @vindex gnus-article-mode-line-format | |
12878 | @item gnus-article-mode-line-format | |
12879 | This variable is a format string along the same lines as | |
12880 | @code{gnus-summary-mode-line-format} (@pxref{Summary Buffer Mode | |
12881 | Line}). It accepts the same format specifications as that variable, | |
12882 | with two extensions: | |
12883 | ||
12884 | @table @samp | |
12885 | ||
12886 | @item w | |
12887 | The @dfn{wash status} of the article. This is a short string with one | |
12888 | character for each possible article wash operation that may have been | |
12889 | performed. The characters and their meaning: | |
12890 | ||
12891 | @table @samp | |
12892 | ||
12893 | @item c | |
12894 | Displayed when cited text may be hidden in the article buffer. | |
12895 | ||
12896 | @item h | |
12897 | Displayed when headers are hidden in the article buffer. | |
12898 | ||
12899 | @item p | |
12900 | Displayed when article is digitally signed or encrypted, and Gnus has | |
12901 | hidden the security headers. (N.B. does not tell anything about | |
12902 | security status, i.e. good or bad signature.) | |
12903 | ||
12904 | @item s | |
12905 | Displayed when the signature has been hidden in the Article buffer. | |
12906 | ||
12907 | @item o | |
12908 | Displayed when Gnus has treated overstrike characters in the article buffer. | |
12909 | ||
12910 | @item e | |
6772c8e1 | 12911 | Displayed when Gnus has treated emphasized strings in the article buffer. |
4009494e GM |
12912 | |
12913 | @end table | |
12914 | ||
12915 | @item m | |
12916 | The number of @acronym{MIME} parts in the article. | |
12917 | ||
12918 | @end table | |
12919 | ||
12920 | @vindex gnus-break-pages | |
12921 | ||
12922 | @item gnus-break-pages | |
12923 | Controls whether @dfn{page breaking} is to take place. If this variable | |
12924 | is non-@code{nil}, the articles will be divided into pages whenever a | |
12925 | page delimiter appears in the article. If this variable is @code{nil}, | |
12926 | paging will not be done. | |
12927 | ||
12928 | @item gnus-page-delimiter | |
12929 | @vindex gnus-page-delimiter | |
12930 | This is the delimiter mentioned above. By default, it is @samp{^L} | |
12931 | (formfeed). | |
12932 | ||
12933 | @cindex IDNA | |
12934 | @cindex internationalized domain names | |
12935 | @vindex gnus-use-idna | |
12936 | @item gnus-use-idna | |
12937 | This variable controls whether Gnus performs IDNA decoding of | |
12938 | internationalized domain names inside @samp{From}, @samp{To} and | |
01c52d31 MB |
12939 | @samp{Cc} headers. @xref{IDNA, ,IDNA,message, The Message Manual}, |
12940 | for how to compose such messages. This requires | |
4009494e GM |
12941 | @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/libidn/, GNU Libidn}, and this |
12942 | variable is only enabled if you have installed it. | |
12943 | ||
12944 | @end table | |
12945 | ||
12946 | ||
12947 | @node Composing Messages | |
12948 | @chapter Composing Messages | |
12949 | @cindex composing messages | |
12950 | @cindex messages | |
12951 | @cindex mail | |
12952 | @cindex sending mail | |
12953 | @cindex reply | |
12954 | @cindex followup | |
12955 | @cindex post | |
12956 | @cindex using gpg | |
12957 | @cindex using s/mime | |
12958 | @cindex using smime | |
12959 | ||
12960 | @kindex C-c C-c (Post) | |
12961 | All commands for posting and mailing will put you in a message buffer | |
12962 | where you can edit the article all you like, before you send the | |
12963 | article by pressing @kbd{C-c C-c}. @xref{Top, , Overview, message, | |
12964 | Message Manual}. Where the message will be posted/mailed to depends | |
12965 | on your setup (@pxref{Posting Server}). | |
12966 | ||
12967 | @menu | |
12968 | * Mail:: Mailing and replying. | |
12969 | * Posting Server:: What server should you post and mail via? | |
12970 | * POP before SMTP:: You cannot send a mail unless you read a mail. | |
12971 | * Mail and Post:: Mailing and posting at the same time. | |
12972 | * Archived Messages:: Where Gnus stores the messages you've sent. | |
12973 | * Posting Styles:: An easier way to specify who you are. | |
12974 | * Drafts:: Postponing messages and rejected messages. | |
12975 | * Rejected Articles:: What happens if the server doesn't like your article? | |
12976 | * Signing and encrypting:: How to compose secure messages. | |
12977 | @end menu | |
12978 | ||
12979 | Also @pxref{Canceling and Superseding} for information on how to | |
12980 | remove articles you shouldn't have posted. | |
12981 | ||
12982 | ||
12983 | @node Mail | |
12984 | @section Mail | |
12985 | ||
12986 | Variables for customizing outgoing mail: | |
12987 | ||
12988 | @table @code | |
12989 | @item gnus-uu-digest-headers | |
12990 | @vindex gnus-uu-digest-headers | |
12991 | List of regexps to match headers included in digested messages. The | |
12992 | headers will be included in the sequence they are matched. If | |
12993 | @code{nil} include all headers. | |
12994 | ||
12995 | @item gnus-add-to-list | |
12996 | @vindex gnus-add-to-list | |
12997 | If non-@code{nil}, add a @code{to-list} group parameter to mail groups | |
12998 | that have none when you do a @kbd{a}. | |
12999 | ||
13000 | @item gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news | |
13001 | @vindex gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news | |
13002 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will ask you for a confirmation when you are | |
13003 | about to reply to news articles by mail. If it is @code{nil}, nothing | |
13004 | interferes in what you want to do. This can also be a function | |
13005 | receiving the group name as the only parameter which should return | |
13006 | non-@code{nil} if a confirmation is needed, or a regular expression | |
13007 | matching group names, where confirmation should be asked for. | |
13008 | ||
13009 | If you find yourself never wanting to reply to mail, but occasionally | |
13010 | press @kbd{R} anyway, this variable might be for you. | |
13011 | ||
13012 | @item gnus-confirm-treat-mail-like-news | |
13013 | @vindex gnus-confirm-treat-mail-like-news | |
13014 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus also requests confirmation according to | |
13015 | @code{gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news} when replying to mail. This is | |
13016 | useful for treating mailing lists like newsgroups. | |
13017 | ||
13018 | @end table | |
13019 | ||
13020 | ||
13021 | @node Posting Server | |
13022 | @section Posting Server | |
13023 | ||
13024 | When you press those magical @kbd{C-c C-c} keys to ship off your latest | |
13025 | (extremely intelligent, of course) article, where does it go? | |
13026 | ||
13027 | Thank you for asking. I hate you. | |
13028 | ||
13029 | It can be quite complicated. | |
13030 | ||
13031 | @vindex gnus-post-method | |
13032 | When posting news, Message usually invokes @code{message-send-news} | |
13033 | (@pxref{News Variables, , News Variables, message, Message Manual}). | |
13034 | Normally, Gnus will post using the same select method as you're | |
13035 | reading from (which might be convenient if you're reading lots of | |
13036 | groups from different private servers). However. If the server | |
13037 | you're reading from doesn't allow posting, just reading, you probably | |
13038 | want to use some other server to post your (extremely intelligent and | |
13039 | fabulously interesting) articles. You can then set the | |
13040 | @code{gnus-post-method} to some other method: | |
13041 | ||
13042 | @lisp | |
13043 | (setq gnus-post-method '(nnspool "")) | |
13044 | @end lisp | |
13045 | ||
13046 | Now, if you've done this, and then this server rejects your article, or | |
13047 | this server is down, what do you do then? To override this variable you | |
13048 | can use a non-zero prefix to the @kbd{C-c C-c} command to force using | |
13049 | the ``current'' server, to get back the default behavior, for posting. | |
13050 | ||
13051 | If you give a zero prefix (i.e., @kbd{C-u 0 C-c C-c}) to that command, | |
13052 | Gnus will prompt you for what method to use for posting. | |
13053 | ||
13054 | You can also set @code{gnus-post-method} to a list of select methods. | |
13055 | If that's the case, Gnus will always prompt you for what method to use | |
13056 | for posting. | |
13057 | ||
13058 | Finally, if you want to always post using the native select method, | |
13059 | you can set this variable to @code{native}. | |
13060 | ||
d82cf70b MB |
13061 | @vindex message-send-mail-function |
13062 | When sending mail, Message invokes the function specified by the | |
13063 | variable @code{message-send-mail-function}. Gnus tries to set it to a | |
13064 | value suitable for your system. | |
13065 | @xref{Mail Variables, ,Mail Variables,message,Message manual}, for more | |
13066 | information. | |
4009494e GM |
13067 | |
13068 | @node POP before SMTP | |
13069 | @section POP before SMTP | |
13070 | @cindex pop before smtp | |
13071 | @findex message-smtpmail-send-it | |
13072 | @findex mail-source-touch-pop | |
13073 | ||
13074 | Does your @acronym{ISP} require the @acronym{POP}-before-@acronym{SMTP} | |
13075 | authentication? It is whether you need to connect to the @acronym{POP} | |
13076 | mail server within a certain time before sending mails. If so, there is | |
13077 | a convenient way. To do that, put the following lines in your | |
13078 | @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
13079 | ||
13080 | @lisp | |
13081 | (setq message-send-mail-function 'message-smtpmail-send-it) | |
13082 | (add-hook 'message-send-mail-hook 'mail-source-touch-pop) | |
13083 | @end lisp | |
13084 | ||
13085 | @noindent | |
13086 | It means to let Gnus connect to the @acronym{POP} mail server in advance | |
13087 | whenever you send a mail. The @code{mail-source-touch-pop} function | |
13088 | does only a @acronym{POP} authentication according to the value of | |
13089 | @code{mail-sources} without fetching mails, just before sending a mail. | |
13090 | Note that you have to use @code{message-smtpmail-send-it} which runs | |
13091 | @code{message-send-mail-hook} rather than @code{smtpmail-send-it} and | |
13092 | set the value of @code{mail-sources} for a @acronym{POP} connection | |
13093 | correctly. @xref{Mail Sources}. | |
13094 | ||
13095 | If you have two or more @acronym{POP} mail servers set in | |
13096 | @code{mail-sources}, you may want to specify one of them to | |
13097 | @code{mail-source-primary-source} as the @acronym{POP} mail server to be | |
13098 | used for the @acronym{POP}-before-@acronym{SMTP} authentication. If it | |
13099 | is your primary @acronym{POP} mail server (i.e., you are fetching mails | |
13100 | mainly from that server), you can set it permanently as follows: | |
13101 | ||
13102 | @lisp | |
13103 | (setq mail-source-primary-source | |
13104 | '(pop :server "pop3.mail.server" | |
13105 | :password "secret")) | |
13106 | @end lisp | |
13107 | ||
13108 | @noindent | |
13109 | Otherwise, bind it dynamically only when performing the | |
13110 | @acronym{POP}-before-@acronym{SMTP} authentication as follows: | |
13111 | ||
13112 | @lisp | |
13113 | (add-hook 'message-send-mail-hook | |
13114 | (lambda () | |
13115 | (let ((mail-source-primary-source | |
13116 | '(pop :server "pop3.mail.server" | |
13117 | :password "secret"))) | |
13118 | (mail-source-touch-pop)))) | |
13119 | @end lisp | |
13120 | ||
13121 | @node Mail and Post | |
13122 | @section Mail and Post | |
13123 | ||
13124 | Here's a list of variables relevant to both mailing and | |
13125 | posting: | |
13126 | ||
13127 | @table @code | |
13128 | @item gnus-mailing-list-groups | |
13129 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-groups | |
13130 | @cindex mailing lists | |
13131 | ||
13132 | If your news server offers groups that are really mailing lists | |
13133 | gatewayed to the @acronym{NNTP} server, you can read those groups without | |
13134 | problems, but you can't post/followup to them without some difficulty. | |
13135 | One solution is to add a @code{to-address} to the group parameters | |
13136 | (@pxref{Group Parameters}). An easier thing to do is set the | |
13137 | @code{gnus-mailing-list-groups} to a regexp that matches the groups that | |
13138 | really are mailing lists. Then, at least, followups to the mailing | |
13139 | lists will work most of the time. Posting to these groups (@kbd{a}) is | |
13140 | still a pain, though. | |
13141 | ||
13142 | @item gnus-user-agent | |
13143 | @vindex gnus-user-agent | |
13144 | @cindex User-Agent | |
13145 | ||
13146 | This variable controls which information should be exposed in the | |
13147 | User-Agent header. It can be a list of symbols or a string. Valid | |
13148 | symbols are @code{gnus} (show Gnus version) and @code{emacs} (show Emacs | |
13149 | version). In addition to the Emacs version, you can add @code{codename} | |
13150 | (show (S)XEmacs codename) or either @code{config} (show system | |
13151 | configuration) or @code{type} (show system type). If you set it to a | |
13152 | string, be sure to use a valid format, see RFC 2616. | |
13153 | ||
13154 | @end table | |
13155 | ||
13156 | You may want to do spell-checking on messages that you send out. Or, if | |
13157 | you don't want to spell-check by hand, you could add automatic | |
13158 | spell-checking via the @code{ispell} package: | |
13159 | ||
13160 | @cindex ispell | |
13161 | @findex ispell-message | |
13162 | @lisp | |
13163 | (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message) | |
13164 | @end lisp | |
13165 | ||
13166 | If you want to change the @code{ispell} dictionary based on what group | |
13167 | you're in, you could say something like the following: | |
13168 | ||
13169 | @lisp | |
13170 | (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook | |
13171 | (lambda () | |
13172 | (cond | |
13173 | ((string-match | |
13174 | "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name)) | |
13175 | (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch")) | |
13176 | (t | |
13177 | (ispell-change-dictionary "english"))))) | |
13178 | @end lisp | |
13179 | ||
13180 | Modify to suit your needs. | |
13181 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
13182 | @vindex gnus-message-highlight-citation |
13183 | If @code{gnus-message-highlight-citation} is t, different levels of | |
13184 | citations are highlighted like in Gnus article buffers also in message | |
13185 | mode buffers. | |
4009494e GM |
13186 | |
13187 | @node Archived Messages | |
13188 | @section Archived Messages | |
13189 | @cindex archived messages | |
13190 | @cindex sent messages | |
13191 | ||
13192 | Gnus provides a few different methods for storing the mail and news you | |
13193 | send. The default method is to use the @dfn{archive virtual server} to | |
13194 | store the messages. If you want to disable this completely, the | |
13195 | @code{gnus-message-archive-group} variable should be @code{nil}, which | |
13196 | is the default. | |
13197 | ||
13198 | For archiving interesting messages in a group you read, see the | |
13199 | @kbd{B c} (@code{gnus-summary-copy-article}) command (@pxref{Mail | |
13200 | Group Commands}). | |
13201 | ||
13202 | @vindex gnus-message-archive-method | |
13203 | @code{gnus-message-archive-method} says what virtual server Gnus is to | |
01c52d31 MB |
13204 | use to store sent messages. The default is @code{"archive"}, and when |
13205 | actually being used it is expanded into: | |
4009494e GM |
13206 | |
13207 | @lisp | |
13208 | (nnfolder "archive" | |
13209 | (nnfolder-directory "~/Mail/archive") | |
13210 | (nnfolder-active-file "~/Mail/archive/active") | |
13211 | (nnfolder-get-new-mail nil) | |
13212 | (nnfolder-inhibit-expiry t)) | |
13213 | @end lisp | |
13214 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
13215 | @quotation |
13216 | @vindex gnus-update-message-archive-method | |
13217 | Note: a server like this is saved in the @file{~/.newsrc.eld} file first | |
13218 | so that it may be used as a real method of the server which is named | |
13219 | @code{"archive"} (that is, for the case where | |
13220 | @code{gnus-message-archive-method} is set to @code{"archive"}) ever | |
13221 | since. If it once has been saved, it will never be updated by default | |
13222 | even if you change the value of @code{gnus-message-archive-method} | |
13223 | afterward. Therefore, the server @code{"archive"} doesn't necessarily | |
13224 | mean the @code{nnfolder} server like this at all times. If you want the | |
13225 | saved method to reflect always the value of | |
13226 | @code{gnus-message-archive-method}, set the | |
13227 | @code{gnus-update-message-archive-method} variable to a non-@code{nil} | |
13228 | value. The default value of this variable is @code{nil}. | |
13229 | @end quotation | |
13230 | ||
4009494e GM |
13231 | You can, however, use any mail select method (@code{nnml}, |
13232 | @code{nnmbox}, etc.). @code{nnfolder} is a quite likable select method | |
13233 | for doing this sort of thing, though. If you don't like the default | |
13234 | directory chosen, you could say something like: | |
13235 | ||
13236 | @lisp | |
13237 | (setq gnus-message-archive-method | |
13238 | '(nnfolder "archive" | |
13239 | (nnfolder-inhibit-expiry t) | |
13240 | (nnfolder-active-file "~/News/sent-mail/active") | |
13241 | (nnfolder-directory "~/News/sent-mail/"))) | |
13242 | @end lisp | |
13243 | ||
13244 | @vindex gnus-message-archive-group | |
13245 | @cindex Gcc | |
13246 | Gnus will insert @code{Gcc} headers in all outgoing messages that point | |
13247 | to one or more group(s) on that server. Which group to use is | |
13248 | determined by the @code{gnus-message-archive-group} variable. | |
13249 | ||
13250 | This variable can be used to do the following: | |
13251 | ||
13252 | @table @asis | |
13253 | @item a string | |
13254 | Messages will be saved in that group. | |
13255 | ||
13256 | Note that you can include a select method in the group name, then the | |
13257 | message will not be stored in the select method given by | |
13258 | @code{gnus-message-archive-method}, but in the select method specified | |
13259 | by the group name, instead. Suppose @code{gnus-message-archive-method} | |
13260 | has the default value shown above. Then setting | |
13261 | @code{gnus-message-archive-group} to @code{"foo"} means that outgoing | |
13262 | messages are stored in @samp{nnfolder+archive:foo}, but if you use the | |
13263 | value @code{"nnml:foo"}, then outgoing messages will be stored in | |
13264 | @samp{nnml:foo}. | |
13265 | ||
13266 | @item a list of strings | |
13267 | Messages will be saved in all those groups. | |
13268 | ||
13269 | @item an alist of regexps, functions and forms | |
13270 | When a key ``matches'', the result is used. | |
13271 | ||
13272 | @item @code{nil} | |
13273 | No message archiving will take place. This is the default. | |
13274 | @end table | |
13275 | ||
13276 | Let's illustrate: | |
13277 | ||
13278 | Just saving to a single group called @samp{MisK}: | |
13279 | @lisp | |
13280 | (setq gnus-message-archive-group "MisK") | |
13281 | @end lisp | |
13282 | ||
13283 | Saving to two groups, @samp{MisK} and @samp{safe}: | |
13284 | @lisp | |
13285 | (setq gnus-message-archive-group '("MisK" "safe")) | |
13286 | @end lisp | |
13287 | ||
13288 | Save to different groups based on what group you are in: | |
13289 | @lisp | |
13290 | (setq gnus-message-archive-group | |
13291 | '(("^alt" "sent-to-alt") | |
13292 | ("mail" "sent-to-mail") | |
13293 | (".*" "sent-to-misc"))) | |
13294 | @end lisp | |
13295 | ||
13296 | More complex stuff: | |
13297 | @lisp | |
13298 | (setq gnus-message-archive-group | |
13299 | '((if (message-news-p) | |
13300 | "misc-news" | |
13301 | "misc-mail"))) | |
13302 | @end lisp | |
13303 | ||
13304 | How about storing all news messages in one file, but storing all mail | |
13305 | messages in one file per month: | |
13306 | ||
13307 | @lisp | |
13308 | (setq gnus-message-archive-group | |
13309 | '((if (message-news-p) | |
13310 | "misc-news" | |
13311 | (concat "mail." (format-time-string "%Y-%m"))))) | |
13312 | @end lisp | |
13313 | ||
13314 | @c (XEmacs 19.13 doesn't have @code{format-time-string}, so you'll have to | |
13315 | @c use a different value for @code{gnus-message-archive-group} there.) | |
13316 | ||
13317 | Now, when you send a message off, it will be stored in the appropriate | |
13318 | group. (If you want to disable storing for just one particular message, | |
13319 | you can just remove the @code{Gcc} header that has been inserted.) The | |
13320 | archive group will appear in the group buffer the next time you start | |
13321 | Gnus, or the next time you press @kbd{F} in the group buffer. You can | |
13322 | enter it and read the articles in it just like you'd read any other | |
13323 | group. If the group gets really big and annoying, you can simply rename | |
13324 | if (using @kbd{G r} in the group buffer) to something | |
13325 | nice---@samp{misc-mail-september-1995}, or whatever. New messages will | |
13326 | continue to be stored in the old (now empty) group. | |
13327 | ||
13328 | That's the default method of archiving sent messages. Gnus offers a | |
13329 | different way for the people who don't like the default method. In that | |
13330 | case you should set @code{gnus-message-archive-group} to @code{nil}; | |
13331 | this will disable archiving. | |
13332 | ||
13333 | @table @code | |
13334 | @item gnus-outgoing-message-group | |
13335 | @vindex gnus-outgoing-message-group | |
13336 | All outgoing messages will be put in this group. If you want to store | |
13337 | all your outgoing mail and articles in the group @samp{nnml:archive}, | |
13338 | you set this variable to that value. This variable can also be a list of | |
13339 | group names. | |
13340 | ||
13341 | If you want to have greater control over what group to put each | |
13342 | message in, you can set this variable to a function that checks the | |
13343 | current newsgroup name and then returns a suitable group name (or list | |
13344 | of names). | |
13345 | ||
13346 | This variable can be used instead of @code{gnus-message-archive-group}, | |
13347 | but the latter is the preferred method. | |
13348 | ||
13349 | @item gnus-gcc-mark-as-read | |
13350 | @vindex gnus-gcc-mark-as-read | |
13351 | If non-@code{nil}, automatically mark @code{Gcc} articles as read. | |
13352 | ||
13353 | @item gnus-gcc-externalize-attachments | |
13354 | @vindex gnus-gcc-externalize-attachments | |
13355 | If @code{nil}, attach files as normal parts in Gcc copies; if a regexp | |
13356 | and matches the Gcc group name, attach files as external parts; if it is | |
13357 | @code{all}, attach local files as external parts; if it is other | |
13358 | non-@code{nil}, the behavior is the same as @code{all}, but it may be | |
13359 | changed in the future. | |
13360 | ||
13361 | @end table | |
13362 | ||
13363 | ||
13364 | @node Posting Styles | |
13365 | @section Posting Styles | |
13366 | @cindex posting styles | |
13367 | @cindex styles | |
13368 | ||
13369 | All them variables, they make my head swim. | |
13370 | ||
13371 | So what if you want a different @code{Organization} and signature based | |
13372 | on what groups you post to? And you post both from your home machine | |
13373 | and your work machine, and you want different @code{From} lines, and so | |
13374 | on? | |
13375 | ||
13376 | @vindex gnus-posting-styles | |
13377 | One way to do stuff like that is to write clever hooks that change the | |
13378 | variables you need to have changed. That's a bit boring, so somebody | |
13379 | came up with the bright idea of letting the user specify these things in | |
13380 | a handy alist. Here's an example of a @code{gnus-posting-styles} | |
13381 | variable: | |
13382 | ||
13383 | @lisp | |
13384 | ((".*" | |
13385 | (signature "Peace and happiness") | |
13386 | (organization "What me?")) | |
13387 | ("^comp" | |
13388 | (signature "Death to everybody")) | |
13389 | ("comp.emacs.i-love-it" | |
13390 | (organization "Emacs is it"))) | |
13391 | @end lisp | |
13392 | ||
13393 | As you might surmise from this example, this alist consists of several | |
13394 | @dfn{styles}. Each style will be applicable if the first element | |
13395 | ``matches'', in some form or other. The entire alist will be iterated | |
13396 | over, from the beginning towards the end, and each match will be | |
13397 | applied, which means that attributes in later styles that match override | |
13398 | the same attributes in earlier matching styles. So | |
13399 | @samp{comp.programming.literate} will have the @samp{Death to everybody} | |
13400 | signature and the @samp{What me?} @code{Organization} header. | |
13401 | ||
13402 | The first element in each style is called the @code{match}. If it's a | |
13403 | string, then Gnus will try to regexp match it against the group name. | |
13404 | If it is the form @code{(header @var{match} @var{regexp})}, then Gnus | |
13405 | will look in the original article for a header whose name is | |
13406 | @var{match} and compare that @var{regexp}. @var{match} and | |
13407 | @var{regexp} are strings. (The original article is the one you are | |
13408 | replying or following up to. If you are not composing a reply or a | |
13409 | followup, then there is nothing to match against.) If the | |
13410 | @code{match} is a function symbol, that function will be called with | |
13411 | no arguments. If it's a variable symbol, then the variable will be | |
13412 | referenced. If it's a list, then that list will be @code{eval}ed. In | |
13413 | any case, if this returns a non-@code{nil} value, then the style is | |
13414 | said to @dfn{match}. | |
13415 | ||
13416 | Each style may contain an arbitrary amount of @dfn{attributes}. Each | |
13417 | attribute consists of a @code{(@var{name} @var{value})} pair. In | |
13418 | addition, you can also use the @code{(@var{name} :file @var{value})} | |
13419 | form or the @code{(@var{name} :value @var{value})} form. Where | |
13420 | @code{:file} signifies @var{value} represents a file name and its | |
13421 | contents should be used as the attribute value, @code{:value} signifies | |
13422 | @var{value} does not represent a file name explicitly. The attribute | |
13423 | name can be one of: | |
13424 | ||
13425 | @itemize @bullet | |
13426 | @item @code{signature} | |
13427 | @item @code{signature-file} | |
13428 | @item @code{x-face-file} | |
13429 | @item @code{address}, overriding @code{user-mail-address} | |
13430 | @item @code{name}, overriding @code{(user-full-name)} | |
13431 | @item @code{body} | |
13432 | @end itemize | |
13433 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
13434 | Note that the @code{signature-file} attribute honors the variable |
13435 | @code{message-signature-directory}. | |
13436 | ||
4009494e GM |
13437 | The attribute name can also be a string or a symbol. In that case, |
13438 | this will be used as a header name, and the value will be inserted in | |
13439 | the headers of the article; if the value is @code{nil}, the header | |
13440 | name will be removed. If the attribute name is @code{eval}, the form | |
13441 | is evaluated, and the result is thrown away. | |
13442 | ||
13443 | The attribute value can be a string (used verbatim), a function with | |
13444 | zero arguments (the return value will be used), a variable (its value | |
13445 | will be used) or a list (it will be @code{eval}ed and the return value | |
13446 | will be used). The functions and sexps are called/@code{eval}ed in the | |
13447 | message buffer that is being set up. The headers of the current article | |
13448 | are available through the @code{message-reply-headers} variable, which | |
13449 | is a vector of the following headers: number subject from date id | |
13450 | references chars lines xref extra. | |
13451 | ||
13452 | @vindex message-reply-headers | |
13453 | ||
13454 | If you wish to check whether the message you are about to compose is | |
13455 | meant to be a news article or a mail message, you can check the values | |
13456 | of the @code{message-news-p} and @code{message-mail-p} functions. | |
13457 | ||
13458 | @findex message-mail-p | |
13459 | @findex message-news-p | |
13460 | ||
13461 | So here's a new example: | |
13462 | ||
13463 | @lisp | |
13464 | (setq gnus-posting-styles | |
13465 | '((".*" | |
13466 | (signature-file "~/.signature") | |
13467 | (name "User Name") | |
13468 | (x-face-file "~/.xface") | |
13469 | (x-url (getenv "WWW_HOME")) | |
13470 | (organization "People's Front Against MWM")) | |
13471 | ("^rec.humor" | |
13472 | (signature my-funny-signature-randomizer)) | |
13473 | ((equal (system-name) "gnarly") ;; @r{A form} | |
13474 | (signature my-quote-randomizer)) | |
13475 | (message-news-p ;; @r{A function symbol} | |
13476 | (signature my-news-signature)) | |
13477 | (window-system ;; @r{A value symbol} | |
13478 | ("X-Window-System" (format "%s" window-system))) | |
13479 | ;; @r{If I'm replying to Larsi, set the Organization header.} | |
13480 | ((header "from" "larsi.*org") | |
13481 | (Organization "Somewhere, Inc.")) | |
13482 | ((posting-from-work-p) ;; @r{A user defined function} | |
13483 | (signature-file "~/.work-signature") | |
13484 | (address "user@@bar.foo") | |
13485 | (body "You are fired.\n\nSincerely, your boss.") | |
13486 | (organization "Important Work, Inc")) | |
13487 | ("nnml:.*" | |
c57008f6 | 13488 | (From (with-current-buffer gnus-article-buffer |
4009494e GM |
13489 | (message-fetch-field "to")))) |
13490 | ("^nn.+:" | |
13491 | (signature-file "~/.mail-signature")))) | |
13492 | @end lisp | |
13493 | ||
13494 | The @samp{nnml:.*} rule means that you use the @code{To} address as the | |
13495 | @code{From} address in all your outgoing replies, which might be handy | |
13496 | if you fill many roles. | |
13497 | You may also use @code{message-alternative-emails} instead. | |
13498 | @xref{Message Headers, ,Message Headers, message, Message Manual}. | |
13499 | ||
13500 | @node Drafts | |
13501 | @section Drafts | |
13502 | @cindex drafts | |
13503 | ||
13504 | If you are writing a message (mail or news) and suddenly remember that | |
13505 | you have a steak in the oven (or some pesto in the food processor, you | |
13506 | craaazy vegetarians), you'll probably wish there was a method to save | |
13507 | the message you are writing so that you can continue editing it some | |
13508 | other day, and send it when you feel its finished. | |
13509 | ||
13510 | Well, don't worry about it. Whenever you start composing a message of | |
13511 | some sort using the Gnus mail and post commands, the buffer you get will | |
13512 | automatically associate to an article in a special @dfn{draft} group. | |
13513 | If you save the buffer the normal way (@kbd{C-x C-s}, for instance), the | |
13514 | article will be saved there. (Auto-save files also go to the draft | |
13515 | group.) | |
13516 | ||
13517 | @cindex nndraft | |
13518 | @vindex nndraft-directory | |
13519 | The draft group is a special group (which is implemented as an | |
13520 | @code{nndraft} group, if you absolutely have to know) called | |
13521 | @samp{nndraft:drafts}. The variable @code{nndraft-directory} says where | |
13522 | @code{nndraft} is to store its files. What makes this group special is | |
13523 | that you can't tick any articles in it or mark any articles as | |
13524 | read---all articles in the group are permanently unread. | |
13525 | ||
13526 | If the group doesn't exist, it will be created and you'll be subscribed | |
13527 | to it. The only way to make it disappear from the Group buffer is to | |
13528 | unsubscribe it. The special properties of the draft group comes from | |
13529 | a group property (@pxref{Group Parameters}), and if lost the group | |
13530 | behaves like any other group. This means the commands below will not | |
13531 | be available. To restore the special properties of the group, the | |
13532 | simplest way is to kill the group, using @kbd{C-k}, and restart | |
13533 | Gnus. The group is automatically created again with the | |
13534 | correct parameters. The content of the group is not lost. | |
13535 | ||
13536 | @c @findex gnus-dissociate-buffer-from-draft | |
13537 | @c @kindex C-c M-d (Mail) | |
13538 | @c @kindex C-c M-d (Post) | |
13539 | @c @findex gnus-associate-buffer-with-draft | |
13540 | @c @kindex C-c C-d (Mail) | |
13541 | @c @kindex C-c C-d (Post) | |
13542 | @c If you're writing some super-secret message that you later want to | |
13543 | @c encode with PGP before sending, you may wish to turn the auto-saving | |
13544 | @c (and association with the draft group) off. You never know who might be | |
13545 | @c interested in reading all your extremely valuable and terribly horrible | |
13546 | @c and interesting secrets. The @kbd{C-c M-d} | |
13547 | @c (@code{gnus-dissociate-buffer-from-draft}) command does that for you. | |
13548 | @c If you change your mind and want to turn the auto-saving back on again, | |
13549 | @c @kbd{C-c C-d} (@code{gnus-associate-buffer-with-draft} does that. | |
13550 | @c | |
13551 | @c @vindex gnus-use-draft | |
13552 | @c To leave association with the draft group off by default, set | |
13553 | @c @code{gnus-use-draft} to @code{nil}. It is @code{t} by default. | |
13554 | ||
13555 | @findex gnus-draft-edit-message | |
13556 | @kindex D e (Draft) | |
13557 | When you want to continue editing the article, you simply enter the | |
13558 | draft group and push @kbd{D e} (@code{gnus-draft-edit-message}) to do | |
13559 | that. You will be placed in a buffer where you left off. | |
13560 | ||
13561 | Rejected articles will also be put in this draft group (@pxref{Rejected | |
13562 | Articles}). | |
13563 | ||
13564 | @findex gnus-draft-send-all-messages | |
13565 | @kindex D s (Draft) | |
13566 | @findex gnus-draft-send-message | |
13567 | @kindex D S (Draft) | |
13568 | If you have lots of rejected messages you want to post (or mail) without | |
13569 | doing further editing, you can use the @kbd{D s} command | |
13570 | (@code{gnus-draft-send-message}). This command understands the | |
13571 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). The @kbd{D S} | |
13572 | command (@code{gnus-draft-send-all-messages}) will ship off all messages | |
13573 | in the buffer. | |
13574 | ||
13575 | @findex gnus-draft-toggle-sending | |
13576 | @kindex D t (Draft) | |
13577 | If you have some messages that you wish not to send, you can use the | |
13578 | @kbd{D t} (@code{gnus-draft-toggle-sending}) command to mark the message | |
13579 | as unsendable. This is a toggling command. | |
13580 | ||
598451ed KY |
13581 | Finally, if you want to delete a draft, use the normal @kbd{B DEL} |
13582 | command (@pxref{Mail Group Commands}). | |
13583 | ||
4009494e GM |
13584 | |
13585 | @node Rejected Articles | |
13586 | @section Rejected Articles | |
13587 | @cindex rejected articles | |
13588 | ||
13589 | Sometimes a news server will reject an article. Perhaps the server | |
13590 | doesn't like your face. Perhaps it just feels miserable. Perhaps | |
13591 | @emph{there be demons}. Perhaps you have included too much cited text. | |
13592 | Perhaps the disk is full. Perhaps the server is down. | |
13593 | ||
13594 | These situations are, of course, totally beyond the control of Gnus. | |
13595 | (Gnus, of course, loves the way you look, always feels great, has angels | |
13596 | fluttering around inside of it, doesn't care about how much cited text | |
13597 | you include, never runs full and never goes down.) So Gnus saves these | |
13598 | articles until some later time when the server feels better. | |
13599 | ||
13600 | The rejected articles will automatically be put in a special draft group | |
13601 | (@pxref{Drafts}). When the server comes back up again, you'd then | |
13602 | typically enter that group and send all the articles off. | |
13603 | ||
13604 | @node Signing and encrypting | |
13605 | @section Signing and encrypting | |
13606 | @cindex using gpg | |
13607 | @cindex using s/mime | |
13608 | @cindex using smime | |
13609 | ||
13610 | Gnus can digitally sign and encrypt your messages, using vanilla | |
13611 | @acronym{PGP} format or @acronym{PGP/MIME} or @acronym{S/MIME}. For | |
13612 | decoding such messages, see the @code{mm-verify-option} and | |
13613 | @code{mm-decrypt-option} options (@pxref{Security}). | |
13614 | ||
13615 | @vindex gnus-message-replysign | |
13616 | @vindex gnus-message-replyencrypt | |
13617 | @vindex gnus-message-replysignencrypted | |
13618 | Often, you would like to sign replies to people who send you signed | |
13619 | messages. Even more often, you might want to encrypt messages which | |
13620 | are in reply to encrypted messages. Gnus offers | |
13621 | @code{gnus-message-replysign} to enable the former, and | |
13622 | @code{gnus-message-replyencrypt} for the latter. In addition, setting | |
13623 | @code{gnus-message-replysignencrypted} (on by default) will sign | |
13624 | automatically encrypted messages. | |
13625 | ||
13626 | Instructing @acronym{MML} to perform security operations on a | |
13627 | @acronym{MIME} part is done using the @kbd{C-c C-m s} key map for | |
13628 | signing and the @kbd{C-c C-m c} key map for encryption, as follows. | |
13629 | ||
13630 | @table @kbd | |
13631 | ||
13632 | @item C-c C-m s s | |
13633 | @kindex C-c C-m s s (Message) | |
13634 | @findex mml-secure-message-sign-smime | |
13635 | ||
13636 | Digitally sign current message using @acronym{S/MIME}. | |
13637 | ||
13638 | @item C-c C-m s o | |
13639 | @kindex C-c C-m s o (Message) | |
13640 | @findex mml-secure-message-sign-pgp | |
13641 | ||
13642 | Digitally sign current message using @acronym{PGP}. | |
13643 | ||
13644 | @item C-c C-m s p | |
13645 | @kindex C-c C-m s p (Message) | |
13646 | @findex mml-secure-message-sign-pgp | |
13647 | ||
13648 | Digitally sign current message using @acronym{PGP/MIME}. | |
13649 | ||
13650 | @item C-c C-m c s | |
13651 | @kindex C-c C-m c s (Message) | |
13652 | @findex mml-secure-message-encrypt-smime | |
13653 | ||
13654 | Digitally encrypt current message using @acronym{S/MIME}. | |
13655 | ||
13656 | @item C-c C-m c o | |
13657 | @kindex C-c C-m c o (Message) | |
13658 | @findex mml-secure-message-encrypt-pgp | |
13659 | ||
13660 | Digitally encrypt current message using @acronym{PGP}. | |
13661 | ||
13662 | @item C-c C-m c p | |
13663 | @kindex C-c C-m c p (Message) | |
13664 | @findex mml-secure-message-encrypt-pgpmime | |
13665 | ||
13666 | Digitally encrypt current message using @acronym{PGP/MIME}. | |
13667 | ||
13668 | @item C-c C-m C-n | |
13669 | @kindex C-c C-m C-n (Message) | |
13670 | @findex mml-unsecure-message | |
13671 | Remove security related @acronym{MML} tags from message. | |
13672 | ||
13673 | @end table | |
13674 | ||
13675 | @xref{Security, ,Security, message, Message Manual}, for more information. | |
13676 | ||
13677 | @node Select Methods | |
13678 | @chapter Select Methods | |
13679 | @cindex foreign groups | |
13680 | @cindex select methods | |
13681 | ||
13682 | A @dfn{foreign group} is a group not read by the usual (or | |
13683 | default) means. It could be, for instance, a group from a different | |
13684 | @acronym{NNTP} server, it could be a virtual group, or it could be your own | |
13685 | personal mail group. | |
13686 | ||
13687 | A foreign group (or any group, really) is specified by a @dfn{name} and | |
13688 | a @dfn{select method}. To take the latter first, a select method is a | |
13689 | list where the first element says what back end to use (e.g. @code{nntp}, | |
13690 | @code{nnspool}, @code{nnml}) and the second element is the @dfn{server | |
13691 | name}. There may be additional elements in the select method, where the | |
13692 | value may have special meaning for the back end in question. | |
13693 | ||
13694 | One could say that a select method defines a @dfn{virtual server}---so | |
13695 | we do just that (@pxref{Server Buffer}). | |
13696 | ||
13697 | The @dfn{name} of the group is the name the back end will recognize the | |
13698 | group as. | |
13699 | ||
13700 | For instance, the group @samp{soc.motss} on the @acronym{NNTP} server | |
13701 | @samp{some.where.edu} will have the name @samp{soc.motss} and select | |
13702 | method @code{(nntp "some.where.edu")}. Gnus will call this group | |
13703 | @samp{nntp+some.where.edu:soc.motss}, even though the @code{nntp} | |
13704 | back end just knows this group as @samp{soc.motss}. | |
13705 | ||
13706 | The different methods all have their peculiarities, of course. | |
13707 | ||
13708 | @menu | |
13709 | * Server Buffer:: Making and editing virtual servers. | |
13710 | * Getting News:: Reading USENET news with Gnus. | |
229b59da | 13711 | * Using IMAP:: Reading mail from @acronym{IMAP}. |
4009494e GM |
13712 | * Getting Mail:: Reading your personal mail with Gnus. |
13713 | * Browsing the Web:: Getting messages from a plethora of Web sources. | |
c4d82de8 | 13714 | * Other Sources:: Reading directories, files. |
4009494e GM |
13715 | * Combined Groups:: Combining groups into one group. |
13716 | * Email Based Diary:: Using mails to manage diary events in Gnus. | |
13717 | * Gnus Unplugged:: Reading news and mail offline. | |
13718 | @end menu | |
13719 | ||
13720 | ||
13721 | @node Server Buffer | |
13722 | @section Server Buffer | |
13723 | ||
13724 | Traditionally, a @dfn{server} is a machine or a piece of software that | |
13725 | one connects to, and then requests information from. Gnus does not | |
13726 | connect directly to any real servers, but does all transactions through | |
13727 | one back end or other. But that's just putting one layer more between | |
13728 | the actual media and Gnus, so we might just as well say that each | |
13729 | back end represents a virtual server. | |
13730 | ||
13731 | For instance, the @code{nntp} back end may be used to connect to several | |
13732 | different actual @acronym{NNTP} servers, or, perhaps, to many different ports | |
13733 | on the same actual @acronym{NNTP} server. You tell Gnus which back end to | |
13734 | use, and what parameters to set by specifying a @dfn{select method}. | |
13735 | ||
13736 | These select method specifications can sometimes become quite | |
13737 | complicated---say, for instance, that you want to read from the | |
13738 | @acronym{NNTP} server @samp{news.funet.fi} on port number 13, which | |
13739 | hangs if queried for @acronym{NOV} headers and has a buggy select. Ahem. | |
13740 | Anyway, if you had to specify that for each group that used this | |
13741 | server, that would be too much work, so Gnus offers a way of naming | |
13742 | select methods, which is what you do in the server buffer. | |
13743 | ||
13744 | To enter the server buffer, use the @kbd{^} | |
13745 | (@code{gnus-group-enter-server-mode}) command in the group buffer. | |
13746 | ||
13747 | @menu | |
13748 | * Server Buffer Format:: You can customize the look of this buffer. | |
13749 | * Server Commands:: Commands to manipulate servers. | |
13750 | * Example Methods:: Examples server specifications. | |
13751 | * Creating a Virtual Server:: An example session. | |
13752 | * Server Variables:: Which variables to set. | |
13753 | * Servers and Methods:: You can use server names as select methods. | |
13754 | * Unavailable Servers:: Some servers you try to contact may be down. | |
13755 | @end menu | |
13756 | ||
13757 | @vindex gnus-server-mode-hook | |
13758 | @code{gnus-server-mode-hook} is run when creating the server buffer. | |
13759 | ||
13760 | ||
13761 | @node Server Buffer Format | |
13762 | @subsection Server Buffer Format | |
13763 | @cindex server buffer format | |
13764 | ||
13765 | @vindex gnus-server-line-format | |
13766 | You can change the look of the server buffer lines by changing the | |
13767 | @code{gnus-server-line-format} variable. This is a @code{format}-like | |
13768 | variable, with some simple extensions: | |
13769 | ||
13770 | @table @samp | |
13771 | ||
13772 | @item h | |
13773 | How the news is fetched---the back end name. | |
13774 | ||
13775 | @item n | |
13776 | The name of this server. | |
13777 | ||
13778 | @item w | |
13779 | Where the news is to be fetched from---the address. | |
13780 | ||
13781 | @item s | |
13782 | The opened/closed/denied status of the server. | |
13783 | ||
13784 | @item a | |
13785 | Whether this server is agentized. | |
13786 | @end table | |
13787 | ||
13788 | @vindex gnus-server-mode-line-format | |
13789 | The mode line can also be customized by using the | |
13790 | @code{gnus-server-mode-line-format} variable (@pxref{Mode Line | |
13791 | Formatting}). The following specs are understood: | |
13792 | ||
13793 | @table @samp | |
13794 | @item S | |
13795 | Server name. | |
13796 | ||
13797 | @item M | |
13798 | Server method. | |
13799 | @end table | |
13800 | ||
13801 | Also @pxref{Formatting Variables}. | |
13802 | ||
13803 | ||
13804 | @node Server Commands | |
13805 | @subsection Server Commands | |
13806 | @cindex server commands | |
13807 | ||
13808 | @table @kbd | |
13809 | ||
13810 | @item v | |
13811 | @kindex v (Server) | |
13812 | @cindex keys, reserved for users (Server) | |
13813 | The key @kbd{v} is reserved for users. You can bind it to some | |
13814 | command or better use it as a prefix key. | |
13815 | ||
13816 | @item a | |
13817 | @kindex a (Server) | |
13818 | @findex gnus-server-add-server | |
13819 | Add a new server (@code{gnus-server-add-server}). | |
13820 | ||
13821 | @item e | |
13822 | @kindex e (Server) | |
13823 | @findex gnus-server-edit-server | |
13824 | Edit a server (@code{gnus-server-edit-server}). | |
13825 | ||
13826 | @item SPACE | |
13827 | @kindex SPACE (Server) | |
13828 | @findex gnus-server-read-server | |
13829 | Browse the current server (@code{gnus-server-read-server}). | |
13830 | ||
13831 | @item q | |
13832 | @kindex q (Server) | |
13833 | @findex gnus-server-exit | |
13834 | Return to the group buffer (@code{gnus-server-exit}). | |
13835 | ||
13836 | @item k | |
13837 | @kindex k (Server) | |
13838 | @findex gnus-server-kill-server | |
13839 | Kill the current server (@code{gnus-server-kill-server}). | |
13840 | ||
13841 | @item y | |
13842 | @kindex y (Server) | |
13843 | @findex gnus-server-yank-server | |
13844 | Yank the previously killed server (@code{gnus-server-yank-server}). | |
13845 | ||
13846 | @item c | |
13847 | @kindex c (Server) | |
13848 | @findex gnus-server-copy-server | |
13849 | Copy the current server (@code{gnus-server-copy-server}). | |
13850 | ||
13851 | @item l | |
13852 | @kindex l (Server) | |
13853 | @findex gnus-server-list-servers | |
13854 | List all servers (@code{gnus-server-list-servers}). | |
13855 | ||
13856 | @item s | |
13857 | @kindex s (Server) | |
13858 | @findex gnus-server-scan-server | |
13859 | Request that the server scan its sources for new articles | |
13860 | (@code{gnus-server-scan-server}). This is mainly sensible with mail | |
13861 | servers. | |
13862 | ||
13863 | @item g | |
13864 | @kindex g (Server) | |
13865 | @findex gnus-server-regenerate-server | |
13866 | Request that the server regenerate all its data structures | |
13867 | (@code{gnus-server-regenerate-server}). This can be useful if you have | |
13868 | a mail back end that has gotten out of sync. | |
13869 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
13870 | @item z |
13871 | @kindex z (Server) | |
13872 | @findex gnus-server-compact-server | |
13873 | ||
13874 | Compact all groups in the server under point | |
13875 | (@code{gnus-server-compact-server}). Currently implemented only in | |
13876 | nnml (@pxref{Mail Spool}). This removes gaps between article numbers, | |
13877 | hence getting a correct total article count. | |
13878 | ||
4009494e GM |
13879 | @end table |
13880 | ||
13881 | ||
13882 | @node Example Methods | |
13883 | @subsection Example Methods | |
13884 | ||
13885 | Most select methods are pretty simple and self-explanatory: | |
13886 | ||
13887 | @lisp | |
13888 | (nntp "news.funet.fi") | |
13889 | @end lisp | |
13890 | ||
13891 | Reading directly from the spool is even simpler: | |
13892 | ||
13893 | @lisp | |
13894 | (nnspool "") | |
13895 | @end lisp | |
13896 | ||
13897 | As you can see, the first element in a select method is the name of the | |
13898 | back end, and the second is the @dfn{address}, or @dfn{name}, if you | |
13899 | will. | |
13900 | ||
13901 | After these two elements, there may be an arbitrary number of | |
13902 | @code{(@var{variable} @var{form})} pairs. | |
13903 | ||
13904 | To go back to the first example---imagine that you want to read from | |
13905 | port 15 on that machine. This is what the select method should | |
13906 | look like then: | |
13907 | ||
13908 | @lisp | |
13909 | (nntp "news.funet.fi" (nntp-port-number 15)) | |
13910 | @end lisp | |
13911 | ||
13912 | You should read the documentation to each back end to find out what | |
13913 | variables are relevant, but here's an @code{nnmh} example: | |
13914 | ||
13915 | @code{nnmh} is a mail back end that reads a spool-like structure. Say | |
13916 | you have two structures that you wish to access: One is your private | |
13917 | mail spool, and the other is a public one. Here's the possible spec for | |
13918 | your private mail: | |
13919 | ||
13920 | @lisp | |
13921 | (nnmh "private" (nnmh-directory "~/private/mail/")) | |
13922 | @end lisp | |
13923 | ||
13924 | (This server is then called @samp{private}, but you may have guessed | |
13925 | that.) | |
13926 | ||
13927 | Here's the method for a public spool: | |
13928 | ||
13929 | @lisp | |
13930 | (nnmh "public" | |
13931 | (nnmh-directory "/usr/information/spool/") | |
13932 | (nnmh-get-new-mail nil)) | |
13933 | @end lisp | |
13934 | ||
13935 | @cindex proxy | |
13936 | @cindex firewall | |
13937 | ||
13938 | If you are behind a firewall and only have access to the @acronym{NNTP} | |
13939 | server from the firewall machine, you can instruct Gnus to @code{rlogin} | |
31fe2b00 SM |
13940 | on the firewall machine and connect with |
13941 | @uref{http://netcat.sourceforge.net/, netcat} from there to the | |
13942 | @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
4009494e GM |
13943 | Doing this can be rather fiddly, but your virtual server definition |
13944 | should probably look something like this: | |
13945 | ||
13946 | @lisp | |
13947 | (nntp "firewall" | |
31fe2b00 | 13948 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat) |
4009494e | 13949 | (nntp-via-address "the.firewall.machine") |
31fe2b00 | 13950 | (nntp-address "the.real.nntp.host")) |
4009494e GM |
13951 | @end lisp |
13952 | ||
13953 | If you want to use the wonderful @code{ssh} program to provide a | |
13954 | compressed connection over the modem line, you could add the following | |
13955 | configuration to the example above: | |
13956 | ||
13957 | @lisp | |
13958 | (nntp-via-rlogin-command "ssh") | |
13959 | @end lisp | |
13960 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
13961 | See also @code{nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches}. Here's an example for |
13962 | an indirect connection: | |
fbcbb58c | 13963 | |
01c52d31 MB |
13964 | @lisp |
13965 | (setq gnus-select-method | |
13966 | '(nntp "indirect" | |
13967 | (nntp-address "news.server.example") | |
13968 | (nntp-via-user-name "intermediate_user_name") | |
13969 | (nntp-via-address "intermediate.host.example") | |
13970 | (nntp-via-rlogin-command "ssh") | |
31fe2b00 SM |
13971 | (nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches ("-C")) |
13972 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat))) | |
01c52d31 | 13973 | @end lisp |
4009494e | 13974 | |
fbcbb58c KY |
13975 | This means that you have to have set up @code{ssh-agent} correctly to |
13976 | provide automatic authorization, of course. | |
13977 | ||
4009494e GM |
13978 | If you're behind a firewall, but have direct access to the outside world |
13979 | through a wrapper command like "runsocks", you could open a socksified | |
31fe2b00 | 13980 | netcat connection to the news server as follows: |
4009494e GM |
13981 | |
13982 | @lisp | |
13983 | (nntp "outside" | |
13984 | (nntp-pre-command "runsocks") | |
990e2c2f | 13985 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-netcat-stream) |
31fe2b00 | 13986 | (nntp-address "the.news.server")) |
4009494e GM |
13987 | @end lisp |
13988 | ||
4009494e GM |
13989 | |
13990 | @node Creating a Virtual Server | |
13991 | @subsection Creating a Virtual Server | |
13992 | ||
13993 | If you're saving lots of articles in the cache by using persistent | |
13994 | articles, you may want to create a virtual server to read the cache. | |
13995 | ||
13996 | First you need to add a new server. The @kbd{a} command does that. It | |
13997 | would probably be best to use @code{nnml} to read the cache. You | |
13998 | could also use @code{nnspool} or @code{nnmh}, though. | |
13999 | ||
14000 | Type @kbd{a nnml RET cache RET}. | |
14001 | ||
14002 | You should now have a brand new @code{nnml} virtual server called | |
14003 | @samp{cache}. You now need to edit it to have the right definitions. | |
14004 | Type @kbd{e} to edit the server. You'll be entered into a buffer that | |
14005 | will contain the following: | |
14006 | ||
14007 | @lisp | |
14008 | (nnml "cache") | |
14009 | @end lisp | |
14010 | ||
14011 | Change that to: | |
14012 | ||
14013 | @lisp | |
14014 | (nnml "cache" | |
14015 | (nnml-directory "~/News/cache/") | |
14016 | (nnml-active-file "~/News/cache/active")) | |
14017 | @end lisp | |
14018 | ||
14019 | Type @kbd{C-c C-c} to return to the server buffer. If you now press | |
14020 | @kbd{RET} over this virtual server, you should be entered into a browse | |
14021 | buffer, and you should be able to enter any of the groups displayed. | |
14022 | ||
14023 | ||
14024 | @node Server Variables | |
14025 | @subsection Server Variables | |
14026 | @cindex server variables | |
14027 | @cindex server parameters | |
14028 | ||
14029 | One sticky point when defining variables (both on back ends and in Emacs | |
14030 | in general) is that some variables are typically initialized from other | |
14031 | variables when the definition of the variables is being loaded. If you | |
14032 | change the ``base'' variable after the variables have been loaded, you | |
14033 | won't change the ``derived'' variables. | |
14034 | ||
14035 | This typically affects directory and file variables. For instance, | |
14036 | @code{nnml-directory} is @file{~/Mail/} by default, and all @code{nnml} | |
14037 | directory variables are initialized from that variable, so | |
14038 | @code{nnml-active-file} will be @file{~/Mail/active}. If you define a | |
14039 | new virtual @code{nnml} server, it will @emph{not} suffice to set just | |
14040 | @code{nnml-directory}---you have to explicitly set all the file | |
14041 | variables to be what you want them to be. For a complete list of | |
14042 | variables for each back end, see each back end's section later in this | |
14043 | manual, but here's an example @code{nnml} definition: | |
14044 | ||
14045 | @lisp | |
14046 | (nnml "public" | |
14047 | (nnml-directory "~/my-mail/") | |
14048 | (nnml-active-file "~/my-mail/active") | |
14049 | (nnml-newsgroups-file "~/my-mail/newsgroups")) | |
14050 | @end lisp | |
14051 | ||
14052 | Server variables are often called @dfn{server parameters}. | |
14053 | ||
14054 | @node Servers and Methods | |
14055 | @subsection Servers and Methods | |
14056 | ||
14057 | Wherever you would normally use a select method | |
14058 | (e.g. @code{gnus-secondary-select-method}, in the group select method, | |
14059 | when browsing a foreign server) you can use a virtual server name | |
14060 | instead. This could potentially save lots of typing. And it's nice all | |
14061 | over. | |
14062 | ||
14063 | ||
14064 | @node Unavailable Servers | |
14065 | @subsection Unavailable Servers | |
14066 | ||
14067 | If a server seems to be unreachable, Gnus will mark that server as | |
14068 | @code{denied}. That means that any subsequent attempt to make contact | |
14069 | with that server will just be ignored. ``It can't be opened,'' Gnus | |
14070 | will tell you, without making the least effort to see whether that is | |
14071 | actually the case or not. | |
14072 | ||
14073 | That might seem quite naughty, but it does make sense most of the time. | |
14074 | Let's say you have 10 groups subscribed to on server | |
14075 | @samp{nephelococcygia.com}. This server is located somewhere quite far | |
14076 | away from you and the machine is quite slow, so it takes 1 minute just | |
14077 | to find out that it refuses connection to you today. If Gnus were to | |
14078 | attempt to do that 10 times, you'd be quite annoyed, so Gnus won't | |
14079 | attempt to do that. Once it has gotten a single ``connection refused'', | |
14080 | it will regard that server as ``down''. | |
14081 | ||
14082 | So, what happens if the machine was only feeling unwell temporarily? | |
14083 | How do you test to see whether the machine has come up again? | |
14084 | ||
14085 | You jump to the server buffer (@pxref{Server Buffer}) and poke it | |
14086 | with the following commands: | |
14087 | ||
14088 | @table @kbd | |
14089 | ||
14090 | @item O | |
14091 | @kindex O (Server) | |
14092 | @findex gnus-server-open-server | |
14093 | Try to establish connection to the server on the current line | |
14094 | (@code{gnus-server-open-server}). | |
14095 | ||
14096 | @item C | |
14097 | @kindex C (Server) | |
14098 | @findex gnus-server-close-server | |
14099 | Close the connection (if any) to the server | |
14100 | (@code{gnus-server-close-server}). | |
14101 | ||
14102 | @item D | |
14103 | @kindex D (Server) | |
14104 | @findex gnus-server-deny-server | |
14105 | Mark the current server as unreachable | |
14106 | (@code{gnus-server-deny-server}). | |
14107 | ||
14108 | @item M-o | |
14109 | @kindex M-o (Server) | |
14110 | @findex gnus-server-open-all-servers | |
14111 | Open the connections to all servers in the buffer | |
14112 | (@code{gnus-server-open-all-servers}). | |
14113 | ||
14114 | @item M-c | |
14115 | @kindex M-c (Server) | |
14116 | @findex gnus-server-close-all-servers | |
14117 | Close the connections to all servers in the buffer | |
14118 | (@code{gnus-server-close-all-servers}). | |
14119 | ||
14120 | @item R | |
14121 | @kindex R (Server) | |
14122 | @findex gnus-server-remove-denials | |
14123 | Remove all marks to whether Gnus was denied connection from any servers | |
14124 | (@code{gnus-server-remove-denials}). | |
14125 | ||
8ccbef23 G |
14126 | @item c |
14127 | @kindex c (Server) | |
14128 | @findex gnus-server-copy-server | |
14129 | Copy a server and give it a new name | |
14130 | (@code{gnus-server-copy-server}). This can be useful if you have a | |
14131 | complex method definition, and want to use the same definition towards | |
14132 | a different (physical) server. | |
14133 | ||
4009494e GM |
14134 | @item L |
14135 | @kindex L (Server) | |
14136 | @findex gnus-server-offline-server | |
14137 | Set server status to offline (@code{gnus-server-offline-server}). | |
14138 | ||
14139 | @end table | |
14140 | ||
14141 | ||
14142 | @node Getting News | |
14143 | @section Getting News | |
14144 | @cindex reading news | |
14145 | @cindex news back ends | |
14146 | ||
14147 | A newsreader is normally used for reading news. Gnus currently provides | |
14148 | only two methods of getting news---it can read from an @acronym{NNTP} server, | |
14149 | or it can read from a local spool. | |
14150 | ||
14151 | @menu | |
14152 | * NNTP:: Reading news from an @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
14153 | * News Spool:: Reading news from the local spool. | |
14154 | @end menu | |
14155 | ||
14156 | ||
14157 | @node NNTP | |
14158 | @subsection NNTP | |
14159 | @cindex nntp | |
14160 | ||
14161 | Subscribing to a foreign group from an @acronym{NNTP} server is rather easy. | |
14162 | You just specify @code{nntp} as method and the address of the @acronym{NNTP} | |
14163 | server as the, uhm, address. | |
14164 | ||
14165 | If the @acronym{NNTP} server is located at a non-standard port, setting the | |
14166 | third element of the select method to this port number should allow you | |
14167 | to connect to the right port. You'll have to edit the group info for | |
14168 | that (@pxref{Foreign Groups}). | |
14169 | ||
14170 | The name of the foreign group can be the same as a native group. In | |
14171 | fact, you can subscribe to the same group from as many different servers | |
14172 | you feel like. There will be no name collisions. | |
14173 | ||
14174 | The following variables can be used to create a virtual @code{nntp} | |
14175 | server: | |
14176 | ||
14177 | @table @code | |
14178 | ||
14179 | @item nntp-server-opened-hook | |
14180 | @vindex nntp-server-opened-hook | |
14181 | @cindex @sc{mode reader} | |
14182 | @cindex authinfo | |
14183 | @cindex authentication | |
14184 | @cindex nntp authentication | |
14185 | @findex nntp-send-authinfo | |
14186 | @findex nntp-send-mode-reader | |
14187 | is run after a connection has been made. It can be used to send | |
14188 | commands to the @acronym{NNTP} server after it has been contacted. By | |
14189 | default it sends the command @code{MODE READER} to the server with the | |
14190 | @code{nntp-send-mode-reader} function. This function should always be | |
14191 | present in this hook. | |
14192 | ||
14193 | @item nntp-authinfo-function | |
14194 | @vindex nntp-authinfo-function | |
14195 | @findex nntp-send-authinfo | |
14196 | @vindex nntp-authinfo-file | |
14197 | This function will be used to send @samp{AUTHINFO} to the @acronym{NNTP} | |
14198 | server. The default function is @code{nntp-send-authinfo}, which looks | |
14199 | through your @file{~/.authinfo} (or whatever you've set the | |
14200 | @code{nntp-authinfo-file} variable to) for applicable entries. If none | |
14201 | are found, it will prompt you for a login name and a password. The | |
14202 | format of the @file{~/.authinfo} file is (almost) the same as the | |
14203 | @code{ftp} @file{~/.netrc} file, which is defined in the @code{ftp} | |
14204 | manual page, but here are the salient facts: | |
14205 | ||
14206 | @enumerate | |
14207 | @item | |
14208 | The file contains one or more line, each of which define one server. | |
14209 | ||
14210 | @item | |
14211 | Each line may contain an arbitrary number of token/value pairs. | |
14212 | ||
14213 | The valid tokens include @samp{machine}, @samp{login}, @samp{password}, | |
14214 | @samp{default}. In addition Gnus introduces two new tokens, not present | |
14215 | in the original @file{.netrc}/@code{ftp} syntax, namely @samp{port} and | |
14216 | @samp{force}. (This is the only way the @file{.authinfo} file format | |
14217 | deviates from the @file{.netrc} file format.) @samp{port} is used to | |
14218 | indicate what port on the server the credentials apply to and | |
14219 | @samp{force} is explained below. | |
14220 | ||
14221 | @end enumerate | |
14222 | ||
14223 | Here's an example file: | |
14224 | ||
14225 | @example | |
14226 | machine news.uio.no login larsi password geheimnis | |
14227 | machine nntp.ifi.uio.no login larsi force yes | |
14228 | @end example | |
14229 | ||
14230 | The token/value pairs may appear in any order; @samp{machine} doesn't | |
14231 | have to be first, for instance. | |
14232 | ||
14233 | In this example, both login name and password have been supplied for the | |
14234 | former server, while the latter has only the login name listed, and the | |
14235 | user will be prompted for the password. The latter also has the | |
14236 | @samp{force} tag, which means that the authinfo will be sent to the | |
14237 | @var{nntp} server upon connection; the default (i.e., when there is not | |
14238 | @samp{force} tag) is to not send authinfo to the @var{nntp} server | |
14239 | until the @var{nntp} server asks for it. | |
14240 | ||
14241 | You can also add @samp{default} lines that will apply to all servers | |
14242 | that don't have matching @samp{machine} lines. | |
14243 | ||
14244 | @example | |
14245 | default force yes | |
14246 | @end example | |
14247 | ||
14248 | This will force sending @samp{AUTHINFO} commands to all servers not | |
14249 | previously mentioned. | |
14250 | ||
14251 | Remember to not leave the @file{~/.authinfo} file world-readable. | |
14252 | ||
14253 | @item nntp-server-action-alist | |
14254 | @vindex nntp-server-action-alist | |
14255 | This is a list of regexps to match on server types and actions to be | |
14256 | taken when matches are made. For instance, if you want Gnus to beep | |
14257 | every time you connect to innd, you could say something like: | |
14258 | ||
14259 | @lisp | |
14260 | (setq nntp-server-action-alist | |
14261 | '(("innd" (ding)))) | |
14262 | @end lisp | |
14263 | ||
14264 | You probably don't want to do that, though. | |
14265 | ||
14266 | The default value is | |
14267 | ||
14268 | @lisp | |
14269 | '(("nntpd 1\\.5\\.11t" | |
14270 | (remove-hook 'nntp-server-opened-hook | |
14271 | 'nntp-send-mode-reader))) | |
14272 | @end lisp | |
14273 | ||
14274 | This ensures that Gnus doesn't send the @code{MODE READER} command to | |
14275 | nntpd 1.5.11t, since that command chokes that server, I've been told. | |
14276 | ||
14277 | @item nntp-maximum-request | |
14278 | @vindex nntp-maximum-request | |
14279 | If the @acronym{NNTP} server doesn't support @acronym{NOV} headers, this back end | |
14280 | will collect headers by sending a series of @code{head} commands. To | |
14281 | speed things up, the back end sends lots of these commands without | |
14282 | waiting for reply, and then reads all the replies. This is controlled | |
14283 | by the @code{nntp-maximum-request} variable, and is 400 by default. If | |
14284 | your network is buggy, you should set this to 1. | |
14285 | ||
14286 | @item nntp-connection-timeout | |
14287 | @vindex nntp-connection-timeout | |
14288 | If you have lots of foreign @code{nntp} groups that you connect to | |
14289 | regularly, you're sure to have problems with @acronym{NNTP} servers not | |
14290 | responding properly, or being too loaded to reply within reasonable | |
14291 | time. This is can lead to awkward problems, which can be helped | |
14292 | somewhat by setting @code{nntp-connection-timeout}. This is an integer | |
14293 | that says how many seconds the @code{nntp} back end should wait for a | |
14294 | connection before giving up. If it is @code{nil}, which is the default, | |
14295 | no timeouts are done. | |
14296 | ||
14297 | @item nntp-nov-is-evil | |
14298 | @vindex nntp-nov-is-evil | |
14299 | If the @acronym{NNTP} server does not support @acronym{NOV}, you could set this | |
14300 | variable to @code{t}, but @code{nntp} usually checks automatically whether @acronym{NOV} | |
14301 | can be used. | |
14302 | ||
14303 | @item nntp-xover-commands | |
14304 | @vindex nntp-xover-commands | |
14305 | @cindex @acronym{NOV} | |
14306 | @cindex XOVER | |
14307 | List of strings used as commands to fetch @acronym{NOV} lines from a | |
14308 | server. The default value of this variable is @code{("XOVER" | |
14309 | "XOVERVIEW")}. | |
14310 | ||
14311 | @item nntp-nov-gap | |
14312 | @vindex nntp-nov-gap | |
14313 | @code{nntp} normally sends just one big request for @acronym{NOV} lines to | |
14314 | the server. The server responds with one huge list of lines. However, | |
14315 | if you have read articles 2-5000 in the group, and only want to read | |
14316 | article 1 and 5001, that means that @code{nntp} will fetch 4999 @acronym{NOV} | |
14317 | lines that you will not need. This variable says how | |
14318 | big a gap between two consecutive articles is allowed to be before the | |
14319 | @code{XOVER} request is split into several request. Note that if your | |
14320 | network is fast, setting this variable to a really small number means | |
14321 | that fetching will probably be slower. If this variable is @code{nil}, | |
14322 | @code{nntp} will never split requests. The default is 5. | |
14323 | ||
14324 | @item nntp-xref-number-is-evil | |
14325 | @vindex nntp-xref-number-is-evil | |
14326 | When Gnus refers to an article having the @code{Message-ID} that a user | |
14327 | specifies or having the @code{Message-ID} of the parent article of the | |
14328 | current one (@pxref{Finding the Parent}), Gnus sends a @code{HEAD} | |
14329 | command to the @acronym{NNTP} server to know where it is, and the server | |
14330 | returns the data containing the pairs of a group and an article number | |
14331 | in the @code{Xref} header. Gnus normally uses the article number to | |
14332 | refer to the article if the data shows that that article is in the | |
14333 | current group, while it uses the @code{Message-ID} otherwise. However, | |
14334 | some news servers, e.g., ones running Diablo, run multiple engines | |
14335 | having the same articles but article numbers are not kept synchronized | |
14336 | between them. In that case, the article number that appears in the | |
14337 | @code{Xref} header varies by which engine is chosen, so you cannot refer | |
14338 | to the parent article that is in the current group, for instance. If | |
14339 | you connect to such a server, set this variable to a non-@code{nil} | |
14340 | value, and Gnus never uses article numbers. For example: | |
14341 | ||
14342 | @lisp | |
14343 | (setq gnus-select-method | |
14344 | '(nntp "newszilla" | |
14345 | (nntp-address "newszilla.example.com") | |
14346 | (nntp-xref-number-is-evil t) | |
14347 | @dots{})) | |
14348 | @end lisp | |
14349 | ||
14350 | The default value of this server variable is @code{nil}. | |
14351 | ||
14352 | @item nntp-prepare-server-hook | |
14353 | @vindex nntp-prepare-server-hook | |
14354 | A hook run before attempting to connect to an @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
14355 | ||
14356 | @item nntp-record-commands | |
14357 | @vindex nntp-record-commands | |
14358 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nntp} will log all commands it sends to the | |
14359 | @acronym{NNTP} server (along with a timestamp) in the @samp{*nntp-log*} | |
14360 | buffer. This is useful if you are debugging a Gnus/@acronym{NNTP} connection | |
14361 | that doesn't seem to work. | |
14362 | ||
14363 | @item nntp-open-connection-function | |
14364 | @vindex nntp-open-connection-function | |
14365 | It is possible to customize how the connection to the nntp server will | |
14366 | be opened. If you specify an @code{nntp-open-connection-function} | |
14367 | parameter, Gnus will use that function to establish the connection. | |
01c52d31 MB |
14368 | Seven pre-made functions are supplied. These functions can be grouped |
14369 | in two categories: direct connection functions (four pre-made), and | |
14370 | indirect ones (three pre-made). | |
4009494e GM |
14371 | |
14372 | @item nntp-never-echoes-commands | |
14373 | @vindex nntp-never-echoes-commands | |
14374 | Non-@code{nil} means the nntp server never echoes commands. It is | |
14375 | reported that some nntps server doesn't echo commands. So, you may want | |
14376 | to set this to non-@code{nil} in the method for such a server setting | |
14377 | @code{nntp-open-connection-function} to @code{nntp-open-ssl-stream} for | |
14378 | example. The default value is @code{nil}. Note that the | |
14379 | @code{nntp-open-connection-functions-never-echo-commands} variable | |
14380 | overrides the @code{nil} value of this variable. | |
14381 | ||
14382 | @item nntp-open-connection-functions-never-echo-commands | |
14383 | @vindex nntp-open-connection-functions-never-echo-commands | |
14384 | List of functions that never echo commands. Add or set a function which | |
14385 | you set to @code{nntp-open-connection-function} to this list if it does | |
14386 | not echo commands. Note that a non-@code{nil} value of the | |
14387 | @code{nntp-never-echoes-commands} variable overrides this variable. The | |
14388 | default value is @code{(nntp-open-network-stream)}. | |
14389 | ||
14390 | @item nntp-prepare-post-hook | |
14391 | @vindex nntp-prepare-post-hook | |
14392 | A hook run just before posting an article. If there is no | |
14393 | @code{Message-ID} header in the article and the news server provides the | |
14394 | recommended ID, it will be added to the article before running this | |
14395 | hook. It is useful to make @code{Cancel-Lock} headers even if you | |
14396 | inhibit Gnus to add a @code{Message-ID} header, you could say: | |
14397 | ||
14398 | @lisp | |
14399 | (add-hook 'nntp-prepare-post-hook 'canlock-insert-header) | |
14400 | @end lisp | |
14401 | ||
14402 | Note that not all servers support the recommended ID. This works for | |
14403 | INN versions 2.3.0 and later, for instance. | |
14404 | ||
6b958814 G |
14405 | @item nntp-server-list-active-group |
14406 | If @code{nil}, then always use @samp{GROUP} instead of @samp{LIST | |
14407 | ACTIVE}. This is usually slower, but on misconfigured servers that | |
14408 | don't update their active files often, this can help. | |
14409 | ||
14410 | ||
4009494e GM |
14411 | @end table |
14412 | ||
14413 | @menu | |
14414 | * Direct Functions:: Connecting directly to the server. | |
14415 | * Indirect Functions:: Connecting indirectly to the server. | |
14416 | * Common Variables:: Understood by several connection functions. | |
01c52d31 | 14417 | * NNTP marks:: Storing marks for @acronym{NNTP} servers. |
4009494e GM |
14418 | @end menu |
14419 | ||
14420 | ||
14421 | @node Direct Functions | |
14422 | @subsubsection Direct Functions | |
14423 | @cindex direct connection functions | |
14424 | ||
14425 | These functions are called direct because they open a direct connection | |
14426 | between your machine and the @acronym{NNTP} server. The behavior of these | |
14427 | functions is also affected by commonly understood variables | |
14428 | (@pxref{Common Variables}). | |
14429 | ||
14430 | @table @code | |
14431 | @findex nntp-open-network-stream | |
14432 | @item nntp-open-network-stream | |
14433 | This is the default, and simply connects to some port or other on the | |
14434 | remote system. | |
14435 | ||
14436 | @findex nntp-open-tls-stream | |
14437 | @item nntp-open-tls-stream | |
14438 | Opens a connection to a server over a @dfn{secure} channel. To use | |
14439 | this you must have @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/, GNUTLS} | |
14440 | installed. You then define a server as follows: | |
14441 | ||
14442 | @lisp | |
14443 | ;; @r{"nntps" is port 563 and is predefined in our @file{/etc/services}} | |
14444 | ;; @r{however, @samp{gnutls-cli -p} doesn't like named ports.} | |
14445 | ;; | |
14446 | (nntp "snews.bar.com" | |
14447 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-tls-stream) | |
83828b06 | 14448 | (nntp-port-number 563) |
4009494e GM |
14449 | (nntp-address "snews.bar.com")) |
14450 | @end lisp | |
14451 | ||
14452 | @findex nntp-open-ssl-stream | |
14453 | @item nntp-open-ssl-stream | |
14454 | Opens a connection to a server over a @dfn{secure} channel. To use | |
14455 | this you must have @uref{http://www.openssl.org, OpenSSL} or | |
14456 | @uref{ftp://ftp.psy.uq.oz.au/pub/Crypto/SSL, SSLeay} installed. You | |
14457 | then define a server as follows: | |
14458 | ||
14459 | @lisp | |
14460 | ;; @r{"snews" is port 563 and is predefined in our @file{/etc/services}} | |
14461 | ;; @r{however, @samp{openssl s_client -port} doesn't like named ports.} | |
14462 | ;; | |
14463 | (nntp "snews.bar.com" | |
14464 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-ssl-stream) | |
14465 | (nntp-port-number 563) | |
14466 | (nntp-address "snews.bar.com")) | |
14467 | @end lisp | |
14468 | ||
990e2c2f SM |
14469 | @findex nntp-open-netcat-stream |
14470 | @item nntp-open-netcat-stream | |
31fe2b00 SM |
14471 | Opens a connection to an @acronym{NNTP} server using the @code{netcat} |
14472 | program. You might wonder why this function exists, since we have | |
14473 | the default @code{nntp-open-network-stream} which would do the job. (One | |
4009494e GM |
14474 | of) the reason(s) is that if you are behind a firewall but have direct |
14475 | connections to the outside world thanks to a command wrapper like | |
14476 | @code{runsocks}, you can use it like this: | |
14477 | ||
14478 | @lisp | |
14479 | (nntp "socksified" | |
14480 | (nntp-pre-command "runsocks") | |
990e2c2f | 14481 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-netcat-stream) |
4009494e GM |
14482 | (nntp-address "the.news.server")) |
14483 | @end lisp | |
14484 | ||
14485 | With the default method, you would need to wrap your whole Emacs | |
14486 | session, which is not a good idea. | |
31fe2b00 SM |
14487 | |
14488 | @findex nntp-open-telnet-stream | |
14489 | @item nntp-open-telnet-stream | |
990e2c2f | 14490 | Like @code{nntp-open-netcat-stream}, but uses @code{telnet} rather than |
31fe2b00 SM |
14491 | @code{netcat}. @code{telnet} is a bit less robust because of things |
14492 | like line-end-conversion, but sometimes netcat is simply | |
14493 | not available. The previous example would turn into: | |
14494 | ||
14495 | @lisp | |
14496 | (nntp "socksified" | |
14497 | (nntp-pre-command "runsocks") | |
14498 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-telnet-stream) | |
14499 | (nntp-address "the.news.server") | |
14500 | (nntp-end-of-line "\n")) | |
14501 | @end lisp | |
4009494e GM |
14502 | @end table |
14503 | ||
14504 | ||
14505 | @node Indirect Functions | |
14506 | @subsubsection Indirect Functions | |
14507 | @cindex indirect connection functions | |
14508 | ||
14509 | These functions are called indirect because they connect to an | |
14510 | intermediate host before actually connecting to the @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
14511 | All of these functions and related variables are also said to belong to | |
14512 | the ``via'' family of connection: they're all prefixed with ``via'' to make | |
14513 | things cleaner. The behavior of these functions is also affected by | |
14514 | commonly understood variables (@pxref{Common Variables}). | |
14515 | ||
14516 | @table @code | |
31fe2b00 SM |
14517 | @item nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat |
14518 | @findex nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat | |
14519 | Does an @samp{rlogin} on a remote system, and then uses @code{netcat} to connect | |
4009494e GM |
14520 | to the real @acronym{NNTP} server from there. This is useful for instance if |
14521 | you need to connect to a firewall machine first. | |
14522 | ||
31fe2b00 | 14523 | @code{nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat}-specific variables: |
4009494e GM |
14524 | |
14525 | @table @code | |
14526 | @item nntp-via-rlogin-command | |
14527 | @vindex nntp-via-rlogin-command | |
14528 | Command used to log in on the intermediate host. The default is | |
14529 | @samp{rsh}, but @samp{ssh} is a popular alternative. | |
14530 | ||
14531 | @item nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches | |
14532 | @vindex nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches | |
14533 | List of strings to be used as the switches to | |
14534 | @code{nntp-via-rlogin-command}. The default is @code{nil}. If you use | |
14535 | @samp{ssh} for @code{nntp-via-rlogin-command}, you may set this to | |
31fe2b00 | 14536 | @samp{("-C")} in order to compress all data connections. |
4009494e GM |
14537 | @end table |
14538 | ||
31fe2b00 SM |
14539 | @item nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet |
14540 | @findex nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet | |
14541 | Does essentially the same, but uses @code{telnet} instead of @samp{netcat} | |
01c52d31 | 14542 | to connect to the real @acronym{NNTP} server from the intermediate host. |
31fe2b00 | 14543 | @code{telnet} is a bit less robust because of things like |
867d4bb3 | 14544 | line-end-conversion, but sometimes @code{netcat} is simply not available. |
01c52d31 | 14545 | |
31fe2b00 | 14546 | @code{nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet}-specific variables: |
01c52d31 MB |
14547 | |
14548 | @table @code | |
31fe2b00 SM |
14549 | @item nntp-telnet-command |
14550 | @vindex nntp-telnet-command | |
01c52d31 | 14551 | Command used to connect to the real @acronym{NNTP} server from the |
fbcbb58c | 14552 | intermediate host. The default is @samp{telnet}. |
01c52d31 | 14553 | |
31fe2b00 SM |
14554 | @item nntp-telnet-switches |
14555 | @vindex nntp-telnet-switches | |
01c52d31 | 14556 | List of strings to be used as the switches to the |
31fe2b00 | 14557 | @code{nntp-telnet-command} command. The default is @code{("-8")}. |
01c52d31 MB |
14558 | |
14559 | @item nntp-via-rlogin-command | |
14560 | @vindex nntp-via-rlogin-command | |
14561 | Command used to log in on the intermediate host. The default is | |
14562 | @samp{rsh}, but @samp{ssh} is a popular alternative. | |
14563 | ||
14564 | @item nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches | |
14565 | @vindex nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches | |
14566 | List of strings to be used as the switches to | |
31fe2b00 SM |
14567 | @code{nntp-via-rlogin-command}. If you use @samp{ssh}, you may need to set |
14568 | this to @samp{("-t" "-e" "none")} or @samp{("-C" "-t" "-e" "none")} if | |
14569 | the telnet command requires a pseudo-tty allocation on an intermediate | |
14570 | host. The default is @code{nil}. | |
01c52d31 MB |
14571 | @end table |
14572 | ||
31fe2b00 SM |
14573 | Note that you may want to change the value for @code{nntp-end-of-line} |
14574 | to @samp{\n} (@pxref{Common Variables}). | |
14575 | ||
4009494e GM |
14576 | @item nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet |
14577 | @findex nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet | |
14578 | Does essentially the same, but uses @samp{telnet} instead of | |
14579 | @samp{rlogin} to connect to the intermediate host. | |
14580 | ||
14581 | @code{nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet}-specific variables: | |
14582 | ||
14583 | @table @code | |
14584 | @item nntp-via-telnet-command | |
14585 | @vindex nntp-via-telnet-command | |
14586 | Command used to @code{telnet} the intermediate host. The default is | |
14587 | @samp{telnet}. | |
14588 | ||
14589 | @item nntp-via-telnet-switches | |
14590 | @vindex nntp-via-telnet-switches | |
14591 | List of strings to be used as the switches to the | |
14592 | @code{nntp-via-telnet-command} command. The default is @samp{("-8")}. | |
14593 | ||
14594 | @item nntp-via-user-password | |
14595 | @vindex nntp-via-user-password | |
14596 | Password to use when logging in on the intermediate host. | |
14597 | ||
14598 | @item nntp-via-envuser | |
14599 | @vindex nntp-via-envuser | |
14600 | If non-@code{nil}, the intermediate @code{telnet} session (client and | |
14601 | server both) will support the @code{ENVIRON} option and not prompt for | |
14602 | login name. This works for Solaris @code{telnet}, for instance. | |
14603 | ||
14604 | @item nntp-via-shell-prompt | |
14605 | @vindex nntp-via-shell-prompt | |
14606 | Regexp matching the shell prompt on the intermediate host. The default | |
14607 | is @samp{bash\\|\$ *\r?$\\|> *\r?}. | |
14608 | ||
14609 | @end table | |
14610 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
14611 | Note that you may want to change the value for @code{nntp-end-of-line} |
14612 | to @samp{\n} (@pxref{Common Variables}). | |
4009494e GM |
14613 | @end table |
14614 | ||
14615 | ||
14616 | Here are some additional variables that are understood by all the above | |
14617 | functions: | |
14618 | ||
14619 | @table @code | |
14620 | ||
14621 | @item nntp-via-user-name | |
14622 | @vindex nntp-via-user-name | |
14623 | User name to use when connecting to the intermediate host. | |
14624 | ||
14625 | @item nntp-via-address | |
14626 | @vindex nntp-via-address | |
14627 | Address of the intermediate host to connect to. | |
14628 | ||
14629 | @end table | |
14630 | ||
14631 | ||
14632 | @node Common Variables | |
14633 | @subsubsection Common Variables | |
14634 | ||
14635 | The following variables affect the behavior of all, or several of the | |
14636 | pre-made connection functions. When not specified, all functions are | |
14637 | affected (the values of the following variables will be used as the | |
14638 | default if each virtual @code{nntp} server doesn't specify those server | |
14639 | variables individually). | |
14640 | ||
14641 | @table @code | |
14642 | ||
14643 | @item nntp-pre-command | |
14644 | @vindex nntp-pre-command | |
14645 | A command wrapper to use when connecting through a non native | |
14646 | connection function (all except @code{nntp-open-network-stream}, | |
14647 | @code{nntp-open-tls-stream}, and @code{nntp-open-ssl-stream}). This is | |
14648 | where you would put a @samp{SOCKS} wrapper for instance. | |
14649 | ||
14650 | @item nntp-address | |
14651 | @vindex nntp-address | |
14652 | The address of the @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
14653 | ||
14654 | @item nntp-port-number | |
14655 | @vindex nntp-port-number | |
14656 | Port number to connect to the @acronym{NNTP} server. The default is | |
14657 | @samp{nntp}. If you use @acronym{NNTP} over | |
14658 | @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL}, you may want to use integer ports rather | |
14659 | than named ports (i.e, use @samp{563} instead of @samp{snews} or | |
14660 | @samp{nntps}), because external @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL} tools may | |
14661 | not work with named ports. | |
14662 | ||
14663 | @item nntp-end-of-line | |
14664 | @vindex nntp-end-of-line | |
14665 | String to use as end-of-line marker when talking to the @acronym{NNTP} | |
14666 | server. This is @samp{\r\n} by default, but should be @samp{\n} when | |
01c52d31 | 14667 | using a non native telnet connection function. |
4009494e | 14668 | |
990e2c2f SM |
14669 | @item nntp-netcat-command |
14670 | @vindex nntp-netcat-command | |
4009494e | 14671 | Command to use when connecting to the @acronym{NNTP} server through |
31fe2b00 | 14672 | @samp{netcat}. This is @emph{not} for an intermediate host. This is |
4009494e | 14673 | just for the real @acronym{NNTP} server. The default is |
31fe2b00 | 14674 | @samp{nc}. |
4009494e | 14675 | |
990e2c2f SM |
14676 | @item nntp-netcat-switches |
14677 | @vindex nntp-netcat-switches | |
14678 | A list of switches to pass to @code{nntp-netcat-command}. The default | |
31fe2b00 | 14679 | is @samp{()}. |
4009494e GM |
14680 | |
14681 | @end table | |
14682 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
14683 | @node NNTP marks |
14684 | @subsubsection NNTP marks | |
14685 | @cindex storing NNTP marks | |
14686 | ||
14687 | Gnus stores marks (@pxref{Marking Articles}) for @acronym{NNTP} | |
14688 | servers in marks files. A marks file records what marks you have set | |
14689 | in a group and each file is specific to the corresponding server. | |
14690 | Marks files are stored in @file{~/News/marks} | |
14691 | (@code{nntp-marks-directory}) under a classic hierarchy resembling | |
14692 | that of a news server, for example marks for the group | |
14693 | @samp{gmane.discuss} on the news.gmane.org server will be stored in | |
14694 | the file @file{~/News/marks/news.gmane.org/gmane/discuss/.marks}. | |
14695 | ||
14696 | Marks files are useful because you can copy the @file{~/News/marks} | |
14697 | directory (using rsync, scp or whatever) to another Gnus installation, | |
14698 | and it will realize what articles you have read and marked. The data | |
14699 | in @file{~/News/marks} has priority over the same data in | |
14700 | @file{~/.newsrc.eld}. | |
14701 | ||
14702 | Note that marks files are very much server-specific: Gnus remembers | |
14703 | the article numbers so if you don't use the same servers on both | |
14704 | installations things are most likely to break (most @acronym{NNTP} | |
14705 | servers do not use the same article numbers as any other server). | |
14706 | However, if you use servers A, B, C on one installation and servers A, | |
14707 | D, E on the other, you can sync the marks files for A and then you'll | |
14708 | get synchronization for that server between the two installations. | |
14709 | ||
14710 | Using @acronym{NNTP} marks can possibly incur a performance penalty so | |
14711 | if Gnus feels sluggish, try setting the @code{nntp-marks-is-evil} | |
14712 | variable to @code{t}. Marks will then be stored in @file{~/.newsrc.eld}. | |
14713 | ||
14714 | Related variables: | |
14715 | ||
14716 | @table @code | |
14717 | ||
14718 | @item nntp-marks-is-evil | |
14719 | @vindex nntp-marks-is-evil | |
14720 | If non-@code{nil}, this back end will ignore any marks files. The | |
14721 | default is @code{nil}. | |
14722 | ||
14723 | @item nntp-marks-directory | |
14724 | @vindex nntp-marks-directory | |
14725 | The directory where marks for nntp groups will be stored. | |
14726 | ||
14727 | @end table | |
14728 | ||
4009494e GM |
14729 | |
14730 | @node News Spool | |
14731 | @subsection News Spool | |
14732 | @cindex nnspool | |
14733 | @cindex news spool | |
14734 | ||
14735 | Subscribing to a foreign group from the local spool is extremely easy, | |
14736 | and might be useful, for instance, to speed up reading groups that | |
14737 | contain very big articles---@samp{alt.binaries.pictures.furniture}, for | |
14738 | instance. | |
14739 | ||
14740 | Anyway, you just specify @code{nnspool} as the method and @code{""} (or | |
14741 | anything else) as the address. | |
14742 | ||
14743 | If you have access to a local spool, you should probably use that as the | |
14744 | native select method (@pxref{Finding the News}). It is normally faster | |
14745 | than using an @code{nntp} select method, but might not be. It depends. | |
14746 | You just have to try to find out what's best at your site. | |
14747 | ||
14748 | @table @code | |
14749 | ||
14750 | @item nnspool-inews-program | |
14751 | @vindex nnspool-inews-program | |
14752 | Program used to post an article. | |
14753 | ||
14754 | @item nnspool-inews-switches | |
14755 | @vindex nnspool-inews-switches | |
14756 | Parameters given to the inews program when posting an article. | |
14757 | ||
14758 | @item nnspool-spool-directory | |
14759 | @vindex nnspool-spool-directory | |
14760 | Where @code{nnspool} looks for the articles. This is normally | |
14761 | @file{/usr/spool/news/}. | |
14762 | ||
14763 | @item nnspool-nov-directory | |
14764 | @vindex nnspool-nov-directory | |
14765 | Where @code{nnspool} will look for @acronym{NOV} files. This is normally@* | |
14766 | @file{/usr/spool/news/over.view/}. | |
14767 | ||
14768 | @item nnspool-lib-dir | |
14769 | @vindex nnspool-lib-dir | |
14770 | Where the news lib dir is (@file{/usr/lib/news/} by default). | |
14771 | ||
14772 | @item nnspool-active-file | |
14773 | @vindex nnspool-active-file | |
14774 | The name of the active file. | |
14775 | ||
14776 | @item nnspool-newsgroups-file | |
14777 | @vindex nnspool-newsgroups-file | |
14778 | The name of the group descriptions file. | |
14779 | ||
14780 | @item nnspool-history-file | |
14781 | @vindex nnspool-history-file | |
14782 | The name of the news history file. | |
14783 | ||
14784 | @item nnspool-active-times-file | |
14785 | @vindex nnspool-active-times-file | |
14786 | The name of the active date file. | |
14787 | ||
14788 | @item nnspool-nov-is-evil | |
14789 | @vindex nnspool-nov-is-evil | |
14790 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnspool} won't try to use any @acronym{NOV} files | |
14791 | that it finds. | |
14792 | ||
14793 | @item nnspool-sift-nov-with-sed | |
14794 | @vindex nnspool-sift-nov-with-sed | |
14795 | @cindex sed | |
14796 | If non-@code{nil}, which is the default, use @code{sed} to get the | |
14797 | relevant portion from the overview file. If @code{nil}, | |
14798 | @code{nnspool} will load the entire file into a buffer and process it | |
14799 | there. | |
14800 | ||
14801 | @end table | |
14802 | ||
14803 | ||
229b59da G |
14804 | @node Using IMAP |
14805 | @section Using IMAP | |
8ccbef23 G |
14806 | @cindex imap |
14807 | ||
14808 | The most popular mail backend is probably @code{nnimap}, which | |
14809 | provides access to @acronym{IMAP} servers. @acronym{IMAP} servers | |
14810 | store mail remotely, so the client doesn't store anything locally. | |
14811 | This means that it's a convenient choice when you're reading your mail | |
14812 | from different locations, or with different user agents. | |
14813 | ||
14814 | @menu | |
229b59da G |
14815 | * Connecting to an IMAP Server:: Getting started with @acronym{IMAP}. |
14816 | * Customizing the IMAP Connection:: Variables for @acronym{IMAP} connection. | |
14817 | * Client-Side IMAP Splitting:: Put mail in the correct mail box. | |
8ccbef23 G |
14818 | @end menu |
14819 | ||
14820 | ||
229b59da G |
14821 | @node Connecting to an IMAP Server |
14822 | @subsection Connecting to an IMAP Server | |
8ccbef23 G |
14823 | |
14824 | Connecting to an @acronym{IMAP} can be very easy. Type @kbd{B} in the | |
14825 | group buffer, or (if your primary interest is reading email), say | |
14826 | something like: | |
14827 | ||
14828 | @example | |
14829 | (setq gnus-select-method | |
14830 | '(nnimap "imap.gmail.com")) | |
14831 | @end example | |
14832 | ||
14833 | You'll be prompted for a user name and password. If you grow tired of | |
14834 | that, then add the following to your @file{~/.authinfo} file: | |
14835 | ||
14836 | @example | |
14837 | machine imap.gmail.com login <username> password <password> port imap | |
14838 | @end example | |
14839 | ||
14840 | That should basically be it for most users. | |
14841 | ||
14842 | ||
229b59da G |
14843 | @node Customizing the IMAP Connection |
14844 | @subsection Customizing the IMAP Connection | |
8ccbef23 G |
14845 | |
14846 | Here's an example method that's more complex: | |
14847 | ||
14848 | @example | |
14849 | (nnimap "imap.gmail.com" | |
14850 | (nnimap-inbox "INBOX") | |
229b59da | 14851 | (nnimap-split-methods default) |
8ccbef23 | 14852 | (nnimap-expunge t) |
6b958814 | 14853 | (nnimap-stream ssl) |
8ccbef23 G |
14854 | (nnir-search-engine imap) |
14855 | (nnimap-expunge-inbox t)) | |
14856 | @end example | |
14857 | ||
14858 | @table @code | |
14859 | @item nnimap-address | |
14860 | The address of the server, like @samp{imap.gmail.com}. | |
14861 | ||
14862 | @item nnimap-server-port | |
14863 | If the server uses a non-standard port, that can be specified here. A | |
14864 | typical port would be @samp{imap} or @samp{imaps}. | |
14865 | ||
14866 | @item nnimap-stream | |
14867 | How @code{nnimap} should connect to the server. Possible values are: | |
14868 | ||
14869 | @table @code | |
14870 | @item ssl | |
14871 | This is the default, and this uses standard | |
14872 | @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL} connection. | |
14873 | ||
14874 | @item network | |
14875 | Non-encrypted and unsafe straight socket connection. | |
14876 | ||
14877 | @item starttls | |
14878 | Encrypted @acronym{STARTTLS} over the normal @acronym{IMAP} port. | |
14879 | ||
14880 | @item shell | |
14881 | If you need to tunnel via other systems to connect to the server, you | |
14882 | can use this option, and customize @code{nnimap-shell-program} to be | |
14883 | what you need. | |
14884 | ||
14885 | @end table | |
14886 | ||
14887 | @item nnimap-authenticator | |
14888 | Some @acronym{IMAP} servers allow anonymous logins. In that case, | |
14889 | this should be set to @code{anonymous}. | |
14890 | ||
14891 | @item nnimap-streaming | |
14892 | Virtually all @code{IMAP} server support fast streaming of data. If | |
14893 | you have problems connecting to the server, try setting this to @code{nil}. | |
14894 | ||
229b59da G |
14895 | @item nnimap-fetch-partial-articles |
14896 | If non-@code{nil}, fetch partial articles from the server. If set to | |
14897 | a string, then it's interpreted as a regexp, and parts that have | |
14898 | matching types will be fetched. For instance, @samp{"text/"} will | |
14899 | fetch all textual parts, while leaving the rest on the server. | |
14900 | ||
8ccbef23 G |
14901 | @end table |
14902 | ||
14903 | ||
229b59da G |
14904 | @node Client-Side IMAP Splitting |
14905 | @subsection Client-Side IMAP Splitting | |
8ccbef23 G |
14906 | |
14907 | Many people prefer to do the sorting/splitting of mail into their mail | |
14908 | boxes on the @acronym{IMAP} server. That way they don't have to | |
14909 | download the mail they're not all that interested in. | |
14910 | ||
14911 | If you do want to do client-side mail splitting, then the following | |
14912 | variables are relevant: | |
14913 | ||
14914 | @table @code | |
14915 | @item nnimap-inbox | |
14916 | This is the @acronym{IMAP} mail box that will be scanned for new mail. | |
14917 | ||
14918 | @item nnimap-split-methods | |
14919 | Uses the same syntax as @code{nnmail-split-methods} (@pxref{Splitting | |
229b59da G |
14920 | Mail}), except the symbol @code{default}, which means that it should |
14921 | use the value of the @code{nnmail-split-methods} variable. | |
8ccbef23 | 14922 | |
6b958814 G |
14923 | @item nnimap-split-fancy |
14924 | Uses the same syntax as @code{nnmail-split-fancy}. | |
14925 | ||
8ccbef23 G |
14926 | @end table |
14927 | ||
14928 | ||
4009494e GM |
14929 | @node Getting Mail |
14930 | @section Getting Mail | |
14931 | @cindex reading mail | |
14932 | @cindex mail | |
14933 | ||
14934 | Reading mail with a newsreader---isn't that just plain WeIrD? But of | |
14935 | course. | |
14936 | ||
14937 | @menu | |
14938 | * Mail in a Newsreader:: Important introductory notes. | |
14939 | * Getting Started Reading Mail:: A simple cookbook example. | |
14940 | * Splitting Mail:: How to create mail groups. | |
14941 | * Mail Sources:: How to tell Gnus where to get mail from. | |
14942 | * Mail Back End Variables:: Variables for customizing mail handling. | |
14943 | * Fancy Mail Splitting:: Gnus can do hairy splitting of incoming mail. | |
14944 | * Group Mail Splitting:: Use group customize to drive mail splitting. | |
14945 | * Incorporating Old Mail:: What about the old mail you have? | |
14946 | * Expiring Mail:: Getting rid of unwanted mail. | |
14947 | * Washing Mail:: Removing cruft from the mail you get. | |
14948 | * Duplicates:: Dealing with duplicated mail. | |
14949 | * Not Reading Mail:: Using mail back ends for reading other files. | |
14950 | * Choosing a Mail Back End:: Gnus can read a variety of mail formats. | |
14951 | @end menu | |
14952 | ||
14953 | ||
14954 | @node Mail in a Newsreader | |
14955 | @subsection Mail in a Newsreader | |
14956 | ||
14957 | If you are used to traditional mail readers, but have decided to switch | |
14958 | to reading mail with Gnus, you may find yourself experiencing something | |
14959 | of a culture shock. | |
14960 | ||
14961 | Gnus does not behave like traditional mail readers. If you want to make | |
14962 | it behave that way, you can, but it's an uphill battle. | |
14963 | ||
14964 | Gnus, by default, handles all its groups using the same approach. This | |
14965 | approach is very newsreaderly---you enter a group, see the new/unread | |
14966 | messages, and when you read the messages, they get marked as read, and | |
14967 | you don't see them any more. (Unless you explicitly ask for them.) | |
14968 | ||
14969 | In particular, you do not do anything explicitly to delete messages. | |
14970 | ||
14971 | Does this mean that all the messages that have been marked as read are | |
14972 | deleted? How awful! | |
14973 | ||
14974 | But, no, it means that old messages are @dfn{expired} according to some | |
14975 | scheme or other. For news messages, the expire process is controlled by | |
14976 | the news administrator; for mail, the expire process is controlled by | |
14977 | you. The expire process for mail is covered in depth in @ref{Expiring | |
14978 | Mail}. | |
14979 | ||
14980 | What many Gnus users find, after using it a while for both news and | |
14981 | mail, is that the transport mechanism has very little to do with how | |
14982 | they want to treat a message. | |
14983 | ||
14984 | Many people subscribe to several mailing lists. These are transported | |
14985 | via @acronym{SMTP}, and are therefore mail. But we might go for weeks without | |
14986 | answering, or even reading these messages very carefully. We may not | |
14987 | need to save them because if we should need to read one again, they are | |
14988 | archived somewhere else. | |
14989 | ||
14990 | Some people have local news groups which have only a handful of readers. | |
14991 | These are transported via @acronym{NNTP}, and are therefore news. But we may need | |
14992 | to read and answer a large fraction of the messages very carefully in | |
14993 | order to do our work. And there may not be an archive, so we may need | |
14994 | to save the interesting messages the same way we would personal mail. | |
14995 | ||
14996 | The important distinction turns out to be not the transport mechanism, | |
14997 | but other factors such as how interested we are in the subject matter, | |
14998 | or how easy it is to retrieve the message if we need to read it again. | |
14999 | ||
15000 | Gnus provides many options for sorting mail into ``groups'' which behave | |
15001 | like newsgroups, and for treating each group (whether mail or news) | |
15002 | differently. | |
15003 | ||
15004 | Some users never get comfortable using the Gnus (ahem) paradigm and wish | |
15005 | that Gnus should grow up and be a male, er, mail reader. It is possible | |
15006 | to whip Gnus into a more mailreaderly being, but, as said before, it's | |
15007 | not easy. People who prefer proper mail readers should try @sc{vm} | |
15008 | instead, which is an excellent, and proper, mail reader. | |
15009 | ||
15010 | I don't mean to scare anybody off, but I want to make it clear that you | |
15011 | may be required to learn a new way of thinking about messages. After | |
15012 | you've been subjected to The Gnus Way, you will come to love it. I can | |
15013 | guarantee it. (At least the guy who sold me the Emacs Subliminal | |
15014 | Brain-Washing Functions that I've put into Gnus did guarantee it. You | |
15015 | Will Be Assimilated. You Love Gnus. You Love The Gnus Mail Way. | |
15016 | You Do.) | |
15017 | ||
15018 | ||
15019 | @node Getting Started Reading Mail | |
15020 | @subsection Getting Started Reading Mail | |
15021 | ||
15022 | It's quite easy to use Gnus to read your new mail. You just plonk the | |
15023 | mail back end of your choice into @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods}, | |
15024 | and things will happen automatically. | |
15025 | ||
15026 | For instance, if you want to use @code{nnml} (which is a ``one file per | |
15027 | mail'' back end), you could put the following in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
15028 | ||
15029 | @lisp | |
15030 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnml ""))) | |
15031 | @end lisp | |
15032 | ||
15033 | Now, the next time you start Gnus, this back end will be queried for new | |
15034 | articles, and it will move all the messages in your spool file to its | |
15035 | directory, which is @file{~/Mail/} by default. The new group that will | |
15036 | be created (@samp{mail.misc}) will be subscribed, and you can read it | |
15037 | like any other group. | |
15038 | ||
15039 | You will probably want to split the mail into several groups, though: | |
15040 | ||
15041 | @lisp | |
15042 | (setq nnmail-split-methods | |
15043 | '(("junk" "^From:.*Lars Ingebrigtsen") | |
15044 | ("crazy" "^Subject:.*die\\|^Organization:.*flabby") | |
15045 | ("other" ""))) | |
15046 | @end lisp | |
15047 | ||
15048 | This will result in three new @code{nnml} mail groups being created: | |
15049 | @samp{nnml:junk}, @samp{nnml:crazy}, and @samp{nnml:other}. All the | |
15050 | mail that doesn't fit into the first two groups will be placed in the | |
15051 | last group. | |
15052 | ||
15053 | This should be sufficient for reading mail with Gnus. You might want to | |
15054 | give the other sections in this part of the manual a perusal, though. | |
15055 | Especially @pxref{Choosing a Mail Back End} and @pxref{Expiring Mail}. | |
15056 | ||
15057 | ||
15058 | @node Splitting Mail | |
15059 | @subsection Splitting Mail | |
15060 | @cindex splitting mail | |
15061 | @cindex mail splitting | |
15062 | @cindex mail filtering (splitting) | |
15063 | ||
15064 | @vindex nnmail-split-methods | |
15065 | The @code{nnmail-split-methods} variable says how the incoming mail is | |
15066 | to be split into groups. | |
15067 | ||
15068 | @lisp | |
15069 | (setq nnmail-split-methods | |
15070 | '(("mail.junk" "^From:.*Lars Ingebrigtsen") | |
15071 | ("mail.crazy" "^Subject:.*die\\|^Organization:.*flabby") | |
15072 | ("mail.other" ""))) | |
15073 | @end lisp | |
15074 | ||
15075 | This variable is a list of lists, where the first element of each of | |
15076 | these lists is the name of the mail group (they do not have to be called | |
15077 | something beginning with @samp{mail}, by the way), and the second | |
15078 | element is a regular expression used on the header of each mail to | |
15079 | determine if it belongs in this mail group. The first string may | |
15080 | contain @samp{\\1} forms, like the ones used by @code{replace-match} to | |
15081 | insert sub-expressions from the matched text. For instance: | |
15082 | ||
15083 | @lisp | |
15084 | ("list.\\1" "From:.* \\(.*\\)-list@@majordomo.com") | |
15085 | @end lisp | |
15086 | ||
15087 | @noindent | |
15088 | In that case, @code{nnmail-split-lowercase-expanded} controls whether | |
15089 | the inserted text should be made lowercase. @xref{Fancy Mail Splitting}. | |
15090 | ||
15091 | The second element can also be a function. In that case, it will be | |
15092 | called narrowed to the headers with the first element of the rule as the | |
15093 | argument. It should return a non-@code{nil} value if it thinks that the | |
15094 | mail belongs in that group. | |
15095 | ||
15096 | @cindex @samp{bogus} group | |
15097 | The last of these groups should always be a general one, and the regular | |
15098 | expression should @emph{always} be @samp{""} so that it matches any mails | |
15099 | that haven't been matched by any of the other regexps. (These rules are | |
15100 | processed from the beginning of the alist toward the end. The first rule | |
15101 | to make a match will ``win'', unless you have crossposting enabled. In | |
15102 | that case, all matching rules will ``win''.) If no rule matched, the mail | |
15103 | will end up in the @samp{bogus} group. When new groups are created by | |
15104 | splitting mail, you may want to run @code{gnus-group-find-new-groups} to | |
15105 | see the new groups. This also applies to the @samp{bogus} group. | |
15106 | ||
15107 | If you like to tinker with this yourself, you can set this variable to a | |
15108 | function of your choice. This function will be called without any | |
15109 | arguments in a buffer narrowed to the headers of an incoming mail | |
15110 | message. The function should return a list of group names that it | |
15111 | thinks should carry this mail message. | |
15112 | ||
11e4e7bd | 15113 | This variable can also be a fancy split method. For the syntax, |
870409d4 | 15114 | see @ref{Fancy Mail Splitting}. |
a3f57c41 | 15115 | |
4009494e GM |
15116 | Note that the mail back ends are free to maul the poor, innocent, |
15117 | incoming headers all they want to. They all add @code{Lines} headers; | |
15118 | some add @code{X-Gnus-Group} headers; most rename the Unix mbox | |
15119 | @code{From<SPACE>} line to something else. | |
15120 | ||
15121 | @vindex nnmail-crosspost | |
15122 | The mail back ends all support cross-posting. If several regexps match, | |
15123 | the mail will be ``cross-posted'' to all those groups. | |
15124 | @code{nnmail-crosspost} says whether to use this mechanism or not. Note | |
15125 | that no articles are crossposted to the general (@samp{""}) group. | |
15126 | ||
15127 | @vindex nnmail-crosspost-link-function | |
15128 | @cindex crosspost | |
15129 | @cindex links | |
15130 | @code{nnmh} and @code{nnml} makes crossposts by creating hard links to | |
15131 | the crossposted articles. However, not all file systems support hard | |
15132 | links. If that's the case for you, set | |
15133 | @code{nnmail-crosspost-link-function} to @code{copy-file}. (This | |
15134 | variable is @code{add-name-to-file} by default.) | |
15135 | ||
15136 | @kindex M-x nnmail-split-history | |
15137 | @findex nnmail-split-history | |
15138 | If you wish to see where the previous mail split put the messages, you | |
15139 | can use the @kbd{M-x nnmail-split-history} command. If you wish to see | |
15140 | where re-spooling messages would put the messages, you can use | |
15141 | @code{gnus-summary-respool-trace} and related commands (@pxref{Mail | |
15142 | Group Commands}). | |
15143 | ||
15144 | @vindex nnmail-split-header-length-limit | |
15145 | Header lines longer than the value of | |
15146 | @code{nnmail-split-header-length-limit} are excluded from the split | |
15147 | function. | |
15148 | ||
15149 | @vindex nnmail-mail-splitting-decodes | |
15150 | @vindex nnmail-mail-splitting-charset | |
15151 | By default, splitting does not decode headers, so you can not match on | |
15152 | non-@acronym{ASCII} strings. But it is useful if you want to match | |
15153 | articles based on the raw header data. To enable it, set the | |
15154 | @code{nnmail-mail-splitting-decodes} variable to a non-@code{nil} value. | |
15155 | In addition, the value of the @code{nnmail-mail-splitting-charset} | |
15156 | variable is used for decoding non-@acronym{MIME} encoded string when | |
15157 | @code{nnmail-mail-splitting-decodes} is non-@code{nil}. The default | |
15158 | value is @code{nil} which means not to decode non-@acronym{MIME} encoded | |
15159 | string. A suitable value for you will be @code{undecided} or be the | |
15160 | charset used normally in mails you are interested in. | |
15161 | ||
15162 | @vindex nnmail-resplit-incoming | |
15163 | By default, splitting is performed on all incoming messages. If you | |
15164 | specify a @code{directory} entry for the variable @code{mail-sources} | |
15165 | (@pxref{Mail Source Specifiers}), however, then splitting does | |
15166 | @emph{not} happen by default. You can set the variable | |
15167 | @code{nnmail-resplit-incoming} to a non-@code{nil} value to make | |
15168 | splitting happen even in this case. (This variable has no effect on | |
15169 | other kinds of entries.) | |
15170 | ||
15171 | Gnus gives you all the opportunity you could possibly want for shooting | |
15172 | yourself in the foot. Let's say you create a group that will contain | |
15173 | all the mail you get from your boss. And then you accidentally | |
15174 | unsubscribe from the group. Gnus will still put all the mail from your | |
15175 | boss in the unsubscribed group, and so, when your boss mails you ``Have | |
15176 | that report ready by Monday or you're fired!'', you'll never see it and, | |
15177 | come Tuesday, you'll still believe that you're gainfully employed while | |
15178 | you really should be out collecting empty bottles to save up for next | |
15179 | month's rent money. | |
15180 | ||
15181 | ||
15182 | @node Mail Sources | |
15183 | @subsection Mail Sources | |
15184 | ||
15185 | Mail can be gotten from many different sources---the mail spool, from | |
15186 | a @acronym{POP} mail server, from a procmail directory, or from a | |
15187 | maildir, for instance. | |
15188 | ||
15189 | @menu | |
15190 | * Mail Source Specifiers:: How to specify what a mail source is. | |
15191 | * Mail Source Customization:: Some variables that influence things. | |
15192 | * Fetching Mail:: Using the mail source specifiers. | |
15193 | @end menu | |
15194 | ||
15195 | ||
15196 | @node Mail Source Specifiers | |
15197 | @subsubsection Mail Source Specifiers | |
15198 | @cindex POP | |
15199 | @cindex mail server | |
15200 | @cindex procmail | |
15201 | @cindex mail spool | |
15202 | @cindex mail source | |
15203 | ||
15204 | You tell Gnus how to fetch mail by setting @code{mail-sources} | |
15205 | (@pxref{Fetching Mail}) to a @dfn{mail source specifier}. | |
15206 | ||
15207 | Here's an example: | |
15208 | ||
15209 | @lisp | |
15210 | (pop :server "pop3.mailserver.com" :user "myname") | |
15211 | @end lisp | |
15212 | ||
15213 | As can be observed, a mail source specifier is a list where the first | |
15214 | element is a @dfn{mail source type}, followed by an arbitrary number of | |
15215 | @dfn{keywords}. Keywords that are not explicitly specified are given | |
15216 | default values. | |
15217 | ||
a1da1e37 MB |
15218 | The @code{mail-sources} is global for all mail groups. You can specify |
15219 | an additional mail source for a particular group by including the | |
15220 | @code{group} mail specifier in @code{mail-sources}, and setting a | |
15221 | @code{mail-source} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) specifying | |
15222 | a single mail source. When this is used, @code{mail-sources} is | |
15223 | typically just @code{(group)}; the @code{mail-source} parameter for a | |
15224 | group might look like this: | |
15225 | ||
15226 | @lisp | |
15227 | (mail-source . (file :path "home/user/spools/foo.spool")) | |
15228 | @end lisp | |
15229 | ||
15230 | This means that the group's (and only this group's) messages will be | |
15231 | fetched from the spool file @samp{/user/spools/foo.spool}. | |
15232 | ||
4009494e GM |
15233 | The following mail source types are available: |
15234 | ||
15235 | @table @code | |
15236 | @item file | |
15237 | Get mail from a single file; typically from the mail spool. | |
15238 | ||
15239 | Keywords: | |
15240 | ||
15241 | @table @code | |
15242 | @item :path | |
15243 | The file name. Defaults to the value of the @env{MAIL} | |
15244 | environment variable or the value of @code{rmail-spool-directory} | |
15245 | (usually something like @file{/usr/mail/spool/user-name}). | |
15246 | ||
15247 | @item :prescript | |
15248 | @itemx :postscript | |
15249 | Script run before/after fetching mail. | |
15250 | @end table | |
15251 | ||
15252 | An example file mail source: | |
15253 | ||
15254 | @lisp | |
15255 | (file :path "/usr/spool/mail/user-name") | |
15256 | @end lisp | |
15257 | ||
15258 | Or using the default file name: | |
15259 | ||
15260 | @lisp | |
15261 | (file) | |
15262 | @end lisp | |
15263 | ||
15264 | If the mail spool file is not located on the local machine, it's best | |
15265 | to use @acronym{POP} or @acronym{IMAP} or the like to fetch the mail. | |
15266 | You can not use ange-ftp file names here---it has no way to lock the | |
15267 | mail spool while moving the mail. | |
15268 | ||
15269 | If it's impossible to set up a proper server, you can use ssh instead. | |
15270 | ||
15271 | @lisp | |
15272 | (setq mail-sources | |
15273 | '((file :prescript "ssh host bin/getmail >%t"))) | |
15274 | @end lisp | |
15275 | ||
15276 | The @samp{getmail} script would look something like the following: | |
15277 | ||
15278 | @example | |
15279 | #!/bin/sh | |
15280 | # getmail - move mail from spool to stdout | |
15281 | # flu@@iki.fi | |
15282 | ||
15283 | MOVEMAIL=/usr/lib/emacs/20.3/i386-redhat-linux/movemail | |
15284 | TMP=$HOME/Mail/tmp | |
15285 | rm -f $TMP; $MOVEMAIL $MAIL $TMP >/dev/null && cat $TMP | |
15286 | @end example | |
15287 | ||
15288 | Alter this script to fit the @samp{movemail} and temporary | |
15289 | file you want to use. | |
15290 | ||
15291 | ||
15292 | @item directory | |
15293 | @vindex nnmail-scan-directory-mail-source-once | |
15294 | Get mail from several files in a directory. This is typically used | |
15295 | when you have procmail split the incoming mail into several files. | |
15296 | That is, there is a one-to-one correspondence between files in that | |
15297 | directory and groups, so that mail from the file @file{foo.bar.spool} | |
15298 | will be put in the group @code{foo.bar}. (You can change the suffix | |
15299 | to be used instead of @code{.spool}.) Setting | |
15300 | @code{nnmail-scan-directory-mail-source-once} to non-@code{nil} forces | |
15301 | Gnus to scan the mail source only once. This is particularly useful | |
15302 | if you want to scan mail groups at a specified level. | |
15303 | ||
15304 | @vindex nnmail-resplit-incoming | |
15305 | There is also the variable @code{nnmail-resplit-incoming}, if you set | |
15306 | that to a non-@code{nil} value, then the normal splitting process is | |
15307 | applied to all the files from the directory, @ref{Splitting Mail}. | |
15308 | ||
15309 | Keywords: | |
15310 | ||
15311 | @table @code | |
15312 | @item :path | |
15313 | The name of the directory where the files are. There is no default | |
15314 | value. | |
15315 | ||
15316 | @item :suffix | |
15317 | Only files ending with this suffix are used. The default is | |
15318 | @samp{.spool}. | |
15319 | ||
15320 | @item :predicate | |
15321 | Only files that have this predicate return non-@code{nil} are returned. | |
15322 | The default is @code{identity}. This is used as an additional | |
15323 | filter---only files that have the right suffix @emph{and} satisfy this | |
15324 | predicate are considered. | |
15325 | ||
15326 | @item :prescript | |
15327 | @itemx :postscript | |
15328 | Script run before/after fetching mail. | |
15329 | ||
15330 | @end table | |
15331 | ||
15332 | An example directory mail source: | |
15333 | ||
15334 | @lisp | |
15335 | (directory :path "/home/user-name/procmail-dir/" | |
15336 | :suffix ".prcml") | |
15337 | @end lisp | |
15338 | ||
15339 | @item pop | |
15340 | Get mail from a @acronym{POP} server. | |
15341 | ||
15342 | Keywords: | |
15343 | ||
15344 | @table @code | |
15345 | @item :server | |
15346 | The name of the @acronym{POP} server. The default is taken from the | |
15347 | @env{MAILHOST} environment variable. | |
15348 | ||
15349 | @item :port | |
15350 | The port number of the @acronym{POP} server. This can be a number (eg, | |
15351 | @samp{:port 1234}) or a string (eg, @samp{:port "pop3"}). If it is a | |
15352 | string, it should be a service name as listed in @file{/etc/services} on | |
15353 | Unix systems. The default is @samp{"pop3"}. On some systems you might | |
15354 | need to specify it as @samp{"pop-3"} instead. | |
15355 | ||
15356 | @item :user | |
15357 | The user name to give to the @acronym{POP} server. The default is the login | |
15358 | name. | |
15359 | ||
15360 | @item :password | |
15361 | The password to give to the @acronym{POP} server. If not specified, | |
15362 | the user is prompted. | |
15363 | ||
15364 | @item :program | |
15365 | The program to use to fetch mail from the @acronym{POP} server. This | |
15366 | should be a @code{format}-like string. Here's an example: | |
15367 | ||
15368 | @example | |
15369 | fetchmail %u@@%s -P %p %t | |
15370 | @end example | |
15371 | ||
15372 | The valid format specifier characters are: | |
15373 | ||
15374 | @table @samp | |
15375 | @item t | |
15376 | The name of the file the mail is to be moved to. This must always be | |
15377 | included in this string. | |
15378 | ||
15379 | @item s | |
15380 | The name of the server. | |
15381 | ||
15382 | @item P | |
15383 | The port number of the server. | |
15384 | ||
15385 | @item u | |
15386 | The user name to use. | |
15387 | ||
15388 | @item p | |
15389 | The password to use. | |
15390 | @end table | |
15391 | ||
15392 | The values used for these specs are taken from the values you give the | |
15393 | corresponding keywords. | |
15394 | ||
15395 | @item :prescript | |
15396 | A script to be run before fetching the mail. The syntax is the same as | |
15397 | the @code{:program} keyword. This can also be a function to be run. | |
15398 | ||
15399 | @item :postscript | |
15400 | A script to be run after fetching the mail. The syntax is the same as | |
15401 | the @code{:program} keyword. This can also be a function to be run. | |
15402 | ||
15403 | @item :function | |
15404 | The function to use to fetch mail from the @acronym{POP} server. The | |
15405 | function is called with one parameter---the name of the file where the | |
15406 | mail should be moved to. | |
15407 | ||
15408 | @item :authentication | |
15409 | This can be either the symbol @code{password} or the symbol @code{apop} | |
15410 | and says what authentication scheme to use. The default is | |
15411 | @code{password}. | |
15412 | ||
15413 | @end table | |
15414 | ||
15415 | @vindex pop3-movemail | |
15416 | @vindex pop3-leave-mail-on-server | |
15417 | If the @code{:program} and @code{:function} keywords aren't specified, | |
15418 | @code{pop3-movemail} will be used. If @code{pop3-leave-mail-on-server} | |
15419 | is non-@code{nil} the mail is to be left on the @acronym{POP} server | |
15420 | after fetching when using @code{pop3-movemail}. Note that POP servers | |
15421 | maintain no state information between sessions, so what the client | |
15422 | believes is there and what is actually there may not match up. If they | |
15423 | do not, then you may get duplicate mails or the whole thing can fall | |
15424 | apart and leave you with a corrupt mailbox. | |
15425 | ||
15426 | Here are some examples for getting mail from a @acronym{POP} server. | |
15427 | Fetch from the default @acronym{POP} server, using the default user | |
15428 | name, and default fetcher: | |
15429 | ||
15430 | @lisp | |
15431 | (pop) | |
15432 | @end lisp | |
15433 | ||
15434 | Fetch from a named server with a named user and password: | |
15435 | ||
15436 | @lisp | |
15437 | (pop :server "my.pop.server" | |
15438 | :user "user-name" :password "secret") | |
15439 | @end lisp | |
15440 | ||
15441 | Use @samp{movemail} to move the mail: | |
15442 | ||
15443 | @lisp | |
15444 | (pop :program "movemail po:%u %t %p") | |
15445 | @end lisp | |
15446 | ||
15447 | @item maildir | |
15448 | Get mail from a maildir. This is a type of mailbox that is supported by | |
15449 | at least qmail and postfix, where each file in a special directory | |
15450 | contains exactly one mail. | |
15451 | ||
15452 | Keywords: | |
15453 | ||
15454 | @table @code | |
15455 | @item :path | |
15456 | The name of the directory where the mails are stored. The default is | |
15457 | taken from the @env{MAILDIR} environment variable or | |
15458 | @file{~/Maildir/}. | |
15459 | @item :subdirs | |
15460 | The subdirectories of the Maildir. The default is | |
15461 | @samp{("new" "cur")}. | |
15462 | ||
15463 | @c If you sometimes look at your mail through a pop3 daemon before fetching | |
15464 | @c them with Gnus, you may also have to fetch your mails from the | |
15465 | @c @code{cur} directory inside the maildir, like in the first example | |
15466 | @c below. | |
15467 | ||
15468 | You can also get mails from remote hosts (because maildirs don't suffer | |
15469 | from locking problems). | |
15470 | ||
15471 | @end table | |
15472 | ||
15473 | Two example maildir mail sources: | |
15474 | ||
15475 | @lisp | |
15476 | (maildir :path "/home/user-name/Maildir/" | |
15477 | :subdirs ("cur" "new")) | |
15478 | @end lisp | |
15479 | ||
15480 | @lisp | |
15481 | (maildir :path "/user@@remotehost.org:~/Maildir/" | |
15482 | :subdirs ("new")) | |
15483 | @end lisp | |
15484 | ||
15485 | @item imap | |
15486 | Get mail from a @acronym{IMAP} server. If you don't want to use | |
15487 | @acronym{IMAP} as intended, as a network mail reading protocol (ie | |
15488 | with nnimap), for some reason or other, Gnus let you treat it similar | |
15489 | to a @acronym{POP} server and fetches articles from a given | |
229b59da | 15490 | @acronym{IMAP} mailbox. @xref{Using IMAP}, for more information. |
4009494e GM |
15491 | |
15492 | Keywords: | |
15493 | ||
15494 | @table @code | |
15495 | @item :server | |
15496 | The name of the @acronym{IMAP} server. The default is taken from the | |
15497 | @env{MAILHOST} environment variable. | |
15498 | ||
15499 | @item :port | |
15500 | The port number of the @acronym{IMAP} server. The default is @samp{143}, or | |
15501 | @samp{993} for @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL} connections. | |
15502 | ||
15503 | @item :user | |
15504 | The user name to give to the @acronym{IMAP} server. The default is the login | |
15505 | name. | |
15506 | ||
15507 | @item :password | |
15508 | The password to give to the @acronym{IMAP} server. If not specified, the user is | |
15509 | prompted. | |
15510 | ||
15511 | @item :stream | |
15512 | What stream to use for connecting to the server, this is one of the | |
15513 | symbols in @code{imap-stream-alist}. Right now, this means | |
15514 | @samp{gssapi}, @samp{kerberos4}, @samp{starttls}, @samp{tls}, | |
15515 | @samp{ssl}, @samp{shell} or the default @samp{network}. | |
15516 | ||
15517 | @item :authentication | |
15518 | Which authenticator to use for authenticating to the server, this is | |
15519 | one of the symbols in @code{imap-authenticator-alist}. Right now, | |
15520 | this means @samp{gssapi}, @samp{kerberos4}, @samp{digest-md5}, | |
15521 | @samp{cram-md5}, @samp{anonymous} or the default @samp{login}. | |
15522 | ||
15523 | @item :program | |
15524 | When using the `shell' :stream, the contents of this variable is | |
15525 | mapped into the @code{imap-shell-program} variable. This should be a | |
15526 | @code{format}-like string (or list of strings). Here's an example: | |
15527 | ||
15528 | @example | |
15529 | ssh %s imapd | |
15530 | @end example | |
15531 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
15532 | Make sure nothing is interfering with the output of the program, e.g., |
15533 | don't forget to redirect the error output to the void. The valid format | |
15534 | specifier characters are: | |
4009494e GM |
15535 | |
15536 | @table @samp | |
15537 | @item s | |
15538 | The name of the server. | |
15539 | ||
15540 | @item l | |
15541 | User name from @code{imap-default-user}. | |
15542 | ||
15543 | @item p | |
15544 | The port number of the server. | |
15545 | @end table | |
15546 | ||
15547 | The values used for these specs are taken from the values you give the | |
15548 | corresponding keywords. | |
15549 | ||
15550 | @item :mailbox | |
15551 | The name of the mailbox to get mail from. The default is @samp{INBOX} | |
d55fe5bb | 15552 | which normally is the mailbox which receives incoming mail. |
4009494e GM |
15553 | |
15554 | @item :predicate | |
15555 | The predicate used to find articles to fetch. The default, @samp{UNSEEN | |
15556 | UNDELETED}, is probably the best choice for most people, but if you | |
15557 | sometimes peek in your mailbox with a @acronym{IMAP} client and mark some | |
15558 | articles as read (or; SEEN) you might want to set this to @samp{1:*}. | |
15559 | Then all articles in the mailbox is fetched, no matter what. For a | |
15560 | complete list of predicates, see RFC 2060 section 6.4.4. | |
15561 | ||
15562 | @item :fetchflag | |
15563 | How to flag fetched articles on the server, the default @samp{\Deleted} | |
15564 | will mark them as deleted, an alternative would be @samp{\Seen} which | |
15565 | would simply mark them as read. These are the two most likely choices, | |
15566 | but more flags are defined in RFC 2060 section 2.3.2. | |
15567 | ||
15568 | @item :dontexpunge | |
15569 | If non-@code{nil}, don't remove all articles marked as deleted in the | |
15570 | mailbox after finishing the fetch. | |
15571 | ||
15572 | @end table | |
15573 | ||
15574 | An example @acronym{IMAP} mail source: | |
15575 | ||
15576 | @lisp | |
15577 | (imap :server "mail.mycorp.com" | |
15578 | :stream kerberos4 | |
15579 | :fetchflag "\\Seen") | |
15580 | @end lisp | |
15581 | ||
a1da1e37 MB |
15582 | @item group |
15583 | Get the actual mail source from the @code{mail-source} group parameter, | |
15584 | @xref{Group Parameters}. | |
15585 | ||
4009494e GM |
15586 | @end table |
15587 | ||
15588 | @table @dfn | |
15589 | @item Common Keywords | |
15590 | Common keywords can be used in any type of mail source. | |
15591 | ||
15592 | Keywords: | |
15593 | ||
15594 | @table @code | |
15595 | @item :plugged | |
15596 | If non-@code{nil}, fetch the mail even when Gnus is unplugged. If you | |
15597 | use directory source to get mail, you can specify it as in this | |
15598 | example: | |
15599 | ||
15600 | @lisp | |
15601 | (setq mail-sources | |
15602 | '((directory :path "/home/pavel/.Spool/" | |
15603 | :suffix "" | |
15604 | :plugged t))) | |
15605 | @end lisp | |
15606 | ||
15607 | Gnus will then fetch your mail even when you are unplugged. This is | |
15608 | useful when you use local mail and news. | |
15609 | ||
15610 | @end table | |
15611 | @end table | |
15612 | ||
15613 | @subsubsection Function Interface | |
15614 | ||
15615 | Some of the above keywords specify a Lisp function to be executed. | |
15616 | For each keyword @code{:foo}, the Lisp variable @code{foo} is bound to | |
15617 | the value of the keyword while the function is executing. For example, | |
15618 | consider the following mail-source setting: | |
15619 | ||
15620 | @lisp | |
15621 | (setq mail-sources '((pop :user "jrl" | |
15622 | :server "pophost" :function fetchfunc))) | |
15623 | @end lisp | |
15624 | ||
15625 | While the function @code{fetchfunc} is executing, the symbol @code{user} | |
15626 | is bound to @code{"jrl"}, and the symbol @code{server} is bound to | |
15627 | @code{"pophost"}. The symbols @code{port}, @code{password}, | |
15628 | @code{program}, @code{prescript}, @code{postscript}, @code{function}, | |
15629 | and @code{authentication} are also bound (to their default values). | |
15630 | ||
15631 | See above for a list of keywords for each type of mail source. | |
15632 | ||
15633 | ||
15634 | @node Mail Source Customization | |
15635 | @subsubsection Mail Source Customization | |
15636 | ||
15637 | The following is a list of variables that influence how the mail is | |
15638 | fetched. You would normally not need to set or change any of these | |
15639 | variables. | |
15640 | ||
15641 | @table @code | |
15642 | @item mail-source-crash-box | |
15643 | @vindex mail-source-crash-box | |
15644 | File where mail will be stored while processing it. The default is@* | |
15645 | @file{~/.emacs-mail-crash-box}. | |
15646 | ||
37a68866 | 15647 | @cindex Incoming* |
4009494e GM |
15648 | @item mail-source-delete-incoming |
15649 | @vindex mail-source-delete-incoming | |
15650 | If non-@code{nil}, delete incoming files after handling them. If | |
15651 | @code{t}, delete the files immediately, if @code{nil}, never delete any | |
15652 | files. If a positive number, delete files older than number of days | |
37a68866 MB |
15653 | (the deletion will only happen when receiving new mail). You may also |
15654 | set @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} to @code{nil} and call | |
4009494e | 15655 | @code{mail-source-delete-old-incoming} from a hook or interactively. |
2b968687 MB |
15656 | @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} defaults to @code{10} in alpha Gnusae |
15657 | and @code{2} in released Gnusae. @xref{Gnus Development}. | |
4009494e GM |
15658 | |
15659 | @item mail-source-delete-old-incoming-confirm | |
15660 | @vindex mail-source-delete-old-incoming-confirm | |
15661 | If non-@code{nil}, ask for confirmation before deleting old incoming | |
15662 | files. This variable only applies when | |
15663 | @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} is a positive number. | |
15664 | ||
15665 | @item mail-source-ignore-errors | |
15666 | @vindex mail-source-ignore-errors | |
15667 | If non-@code{nil}, ignore errors when reading mail from a mail source. | |
15668 | ||
15669 | @item mail-source-directory | |
15670 | @vindex mail-source-directory | |
15671 | Directory where incoming mail source files (if any) will be stored. The | |
15672 | default is @file{~/Mail/}. At present, the only thing this is used for | |
15673 | is to say where the incoming files will be stored if the variable | |
15674 | @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} is @code{nil} or a number. | |
15675 | ||
15676 | @item mail-source-incoming-file-prefix | |
15677 | @vindex mail-source-incoming-file-prefix | |
15678 | Prefix for file name for storing incoming mail. The default is | |
15679 | @file{Incoming}, in which case files will end up with names like | |
15680 | @file{Incoming30630D_} or @file{Incoming298602ZD}. This is really only | |
15681 | relevant if @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} is @code{nil} or a | |
15682 | number. | |
15683 | ||
15684 | @item mail-source-default-file-modes | |
15685 | @vindex mail-source-default-file-modes | |
15686 | All new mail files will get this file mode. The default is 384. | |
15687 | ||
15688 | @item mail-source-movemail-program | |
15689 | @vindex mail-source-movemail-program | |
15690 | If non-@code{nil}, name of program for fetching new mail. If | |
15691 | @code{nil}, @code{movemail} in @var{exec-directory}. | |
15692 | ||
15693 | @end table | |
15694 | ||
15695 | ||
15696 | @node Fetching Mail | |
15697 | @subsubsection Fetching Mail | |
15698 | ||
15699 | @vindex mail-sources | |
4009494e GM |
15700 | The way to actually tell Gnus where to get new mail from is to set |
15701 | @code{mail-sources} to a list of mail source specifiers | |
15702 | (@pxref{Mail Source Specifiers}). | |
15703 | ||
b890d447 MB |
15704 | If this variable is @code{nil}, the mail back ends will never attempt to |
15705 | fetch mail by themselves. | |
4009494e GM |
15706 | |
15707 | If you want to fetch mail both from your local spool as well as a | |
15708 | @acronym{POP} mail server, you'd say something like: | |
15709 | ||
15710 | @lisp | |
15711 | (setq mail-sources | |
15712 | '((file) | |
15713 | (pop :server "pop3.mail.server" | |
15714 | :password "secret"))) | |
15715 | @end lisp | |
15716 | ||
15717 | Or, if you don't want to use any of the keyword defaults: | |
15718 | ||
15719 | @lisp | |
15720 | (setq mail-sources | |
15721 | '((file :path "/var/spool/mail/user-name") | |
15722 | (pop :server "pop3.mail.server" | |
15723 | :user "user-name" | |
15724 | :port "pop3" | |
15725 | :password "secret"))) | |
15726 | @end lisp | |
15727 | ||
15728 | ||
15729 | When you use a mail back end, Gnus will slurp all your mail from your | |
15730 | inbox and plonk it down in your home directory. Gnus doesn't move any | |
15731 | mail if you're not using a mail back end---you have to do a lot of magic | |
15732 | invocations first. At the time when you have finished drawing the | |
15733 | pentagram, lightened the candles, and sacrificed the goat, you really | |
15734 | shouldn't be too surprised when Gnus moves your mail. | |
15735 | ||
15736 | ||
15737 | ||
15738 | @node Mail Back End Variables | |
15739 | @subsection Mail Back End Variables | |
15740 | ||
15741 | These variables are (for the most part) pertinent to all the various | |
15742 | mail back ends. | |
15743 | ||
15744 | @table @code | |
15745 | @vindex nnmail-read-incoming-hook | |
15746 | @item nnmail-read-incoming-hook | |
15747 | The mail back ends all call this hook after reading new mail. You can | |
15748 | use this hook to notify any mail watch programs, if you want to. | |
15749 | ||
15750 | @vindex nnmail-split-hook | |
15751 | @item nnmail-split-hook | |
15752 | @findex gnus-article-decode-encoded-words | |
15753 | @cindex RFC 1522 decoding | |
15754 | @cindex RFC 2047 decoding | |
15755 | Hook run in the buffer where the mail headers of each message is kept | |
15756 | just before the splitting based on these headers is done. The hook is | |
15757 | free to modify the buffer contents in any way it sees fit---the buffer | |
15758 | is discarded after the splitting has been done, and no changes performed | |
15759 | in the buffer will show up in any files. | |
15760 | @code{gnus-article-decode-encoded-words} is one likely function to add | |
15761 | to this hook. | |
15762 | ||
15763 | @vindex nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook | |
15764 | @vindex nnmail-post-get-new-mail-hook | |
15765 | @item nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook | |
15766 | @itemx nnmail-post-get-new-mail-hook | |
15767 | These are two useful hooks executed when treating new incoming | |
15768 | mail---@code{nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook} (is called just before | |
15769 | starting to handle the new mail) and | |
15770 | @code{nnmail-post-get-new-mail-hook} (is called when the mail handling | |
15771 | is done). Here's and example of using these two hooks to change the | |
15772 | default file modes the new mail files get: | |
15773 | ||
15774 | @lisp | |
15775 | (add-hook 'nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook | |
15776 | (lambda () (set-default-file-modes 511))) | |
15777 | ||
15778 | (add-hook 'nnmail-post-get-new-mail-hook | |
15779 | (lambda () (set-default-file-modes 551))) | |
15780 | @end lisp | |
15781 | ||
15782 | @item nnmail-use-long-file-names | |
15783 | @vindex nnmail-use-long-file-names | |
15784 | If non-@code{nil}, the mail back ends will use long file and directory | |
15785 | names. Groups like @samp{mail.misc} will end up in directories | |
15786 | (assuming use of @code{nnml} back end) or files (assuming use of | |
15787 | @code{nnfolder} back end) like @file{mail.misc}. If it is @code{nil}, | |
15788 | the same group will end up in @file{mail/misc}. | |
15789 | ||
15790 | @item nnmail-delete-file-function | |
15791 | @vindex nnmail-delete-file-function | |
15792 | @findex delete-file | |
15793 | Function called to delete files. It is @code{delete-file} by default. | |
15794 | ||
15795 | @item nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids | |
15796 | @vindex nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids | |
15797 | If non-@code{nil}, put the @code{Message-ID}s of articles imported into | |
15798 | the back end (via @code{Gcc}, for instance) into the mail duplication | |
15799 | discovery cache. The default is @code{nil}. | |
15800 | ||
15801 | @item nnmail-cache-ignore-groups | |
15802 | @vindex nnmail-cache-ignore-groups | |
15803 | This can be a regular expression or a list of regular expressions. | |
15804 | Group names that match any of the regular expressions will never be | |
15805 | recorded in the @code{Message-ID} cache. | |
15806 | ||
15807 | This can be useful, for example, when using Fancy Splitting | |
15808 | (@pxref{Fancy Mail Splitting}) together with the function | |
15809 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent}. | |
15810 | ||
15811 | @end table | |
15812 | ||
15813 | ||
15814 | @node Fancy Mail Splitting | |
15815 | @subsection Fancy Mail Splitting | |
15816 | @cindex mail splitting | |
15817 | @cindex fancy mail splitting | |
15818 | ||
15819 | @vindex nnmail-split-fancy | |
15820 | @findex nnmail-split-fancy | |
15821 | If the rather simple, standard method for specifying how to split mail | |
15822 | doesn't allow you to do what you want, you can set | |
15823 | @code{nnmail-split-methods} to @code{nnmail-split-fancy}. Then you can | |
15824 | play with the @code{nnmail-split-fancy} variable. | |
15825 | ||
15826 | Let's look at an example value of this variable first: | |
15827 | ||
15828 | @lisp | |
15829 | ;; @r{Messages from the mailer daemon are not crossposted to any of} | |
15830 | ;; @r{the ordinary groups. Warnings are put in a separate group} | |
15831 | ;; @r{from real errors.} | |
15832 | (| ("from" mail (| ("subject" "warn.*" "mail.warning") | |
15833 | "mail.misc")) | |
15834 | ;; @r{Non-error messages are crossposted to all relevant} | |
15835 | ;; @r{groups, but we don't crosspost between the group for the} | |
15836 | ;; @r{(ding) list and the group for other (ding) related mail.} | |
15837 | (& (| (any "ding@@ifi\\.uio\\.no" "ding.list") | |
15838 | ("subject" "ding" "ding.misc")) | |
15839 | ;; @r{Other mailing lists@dots{}} | |
15840 | (any "procmail@@informatik\\.rwth-aachen\\.de" "procmail.list") | |
15841 | (any "SmartList@@informatik\\.rwth-aachen\\.de" "SmartList.list") | |
15842 | ;; @r{Both lists below have the same suffix, so prevent} | |
15843 | ;; @r{cross-posting to mkpkg.list of messages posted only to} | |
15844 | ;; @r{the bugs- list, but allow cross-posting when the} | |
15845 | ;; @r{message was really cross-posted.} | |
15846 | (any "bugs-mypackage@@somewhere" "mypkg.bugs") | |
15847 | (any "mypackage@@somewhere" - "bugs-mypackage" "mypkg.list") | |
15848 | ;; @r{People@dots{}} | |
15849 | (any "larsi@@ifi\\.uio\\.no" "people.Lars_Magne_Ingebrigtsen")) | |
15850 | ;; @r{Unmatched mail goes to the catch all group.} | |
15851 | "misc.misc") | |
15852 | @end lisp | |
15853 | ||
15854 | This variable has the format of a @dfn{split}. A split is a | |
15855 | (possibly) recursive structure where each split may contain other | |
15856 | splits. Here are the possible split syntaxes: | |
15857 | ||
15858 | @table @code | |
15859 | ||
15860 | @item group | |
15861 | If the split is a string, that will be taken as a group name. Normal | |
15862 | regexp match expansion will be done. See below for examples. | |
15863 | ||
15864 | @c Don't fold this line. | |
15865 | @item (@var{field} @var{value} [- @var{restrict} [@dots{}] ] @var{split} [@var{invert-partial}]) | |
15866 | The split can be a list containing at least three elements. If the | |
15867 | first element @var{field} (a regexp matching a header) contains | |
15868 | @var{value} (also a regexp) then store the message as specified by | |
15869 | @var{split}. | |
15870 | ||
15871 | If @var{restrict} (yet another regexp) matches some string after | |
15872 | @var{field} and before the end of the matched @var{value}, the | |
15873 | @var{split} is ignored. If none of the @var{restrict} clauses match, | |
15874 | @var{split} is processed. | |
15875 | ||
15876 | The last element @var{invert-partial} is optional. If it is | |
15877 | non-@code{nil}, the match-partial-words behavior controlled by the | |
15878 | variable @code{nnmail-split-fancy-match-partial-words} (see below) is | |
15879 | be inverted. (New in Gnus 5.10.7) | |
15880 | ||
15881 | @item (| @var{split} @dots{}) | |
15882 | If the split is a list, and the first element is @code{|} (vertical | |
15883 | bar), then process each @var{split} until one of them matches. A | |
15884 | @var{split} is said to match if it will cause the mail message to be | |
15885 | stored in one or more groups. | |
15886 | ||
15887 | @item (& @var{split} @dots{}) | |
15888 | If the split is a list, and the first element is @code{&}, then | |
15889 | process all @var{split}s in the list. | |
15890 | ||
15891 | @item junk | |
15892 | If the split is the symbol @code{junk}, then don't save (i.e., delete) | |
15893 | this message. Use with extreme caution. | |
15894 | ||
15895 | @item (: @var{function} @var{arg1} @var{arg2} @dots{}) | |
15896 | If the split is a list, and the first element is @samp{:}, then the | |
15897 | second element will be called as a function with @var{args} given as | |
15898 | arguments. The function should return a @var{split}. | |
15899 | ||
15900 | @cindex body split | |
15901 | For instance, the following function could be used to split based on the | |
15902 | body of the messages: | |
15903 | ||
15904 | @lisp | |
15905 | (defun split-on-body () | |
15906 | (save-excursion | |
15907 | (save-restriction | |
15908 | (widen) | |
15909 | (goto-char (point-min)) | |
15910 | (when (re-search-forward "Some.*string" nil t) | |
15911 | "string.group")))) | |
15912 | @end lisp | |
15913 | ||
b890d447 MB |
15914 | The buffer is narrowed to the header of the message in question when |
15915 | @var{function} is run. That's why @code{(widen)} needs to be called | |
15916 | after @code{save-excursion} and @code{save-restriction} in the example | |
23f87bed | 15917 | above. Also note that with the nnimap backend, message bodies will |
4009494e GM |
15918 | not be downloaded by default. You need to set |
15919 | @code{nnimap-split-download-body} to @code{t} to do that | |
229b59da | 15920 | (@pxref{Client-Side IMAP Splitting}). |
4009494e GM |
15921 | |
15922 | @item (! @var{func} @var{split}) | |
15923 | If the split is a list, and the first element is @code{!}, then | |
15924 | @var{split} will be processed, and @var{func} will be called as a | |
15925 | function with the result of @var{split} as argument. @var{func} | |
15926 | should return a split. | |
15927 | ||
15928 | @item nil | |
15929 | If the split is @code{nil}, it is ignored. | |
15930 | ||
15931 | @end table | |
15932 | ||
15933 | In these splits, @var{field} must match a complete field name. | |
15934 | ||
15935 | Normally, @var{value} in these splits must match a complete @emph{word} | |
15936 | according to the fundamental mode syntax table. In other words, all | |
15937 | @var{value}'s will be implicitly surrounded by @code{\<...\>} markers, | |
15938 | which are word delimiters. Therefore, if you use the following split, | |
15939 | for example, | |
15940 | ||
15941 | @example | |
15942 | (any "joe" "joemail") | |
15943 | @end example | |
15944 | ||
15945 | @noindent | |
15946 | messages sent from @samp{joedavis@@foo.org} will normally not be filed | |
15947 | in @samp{joemail}. If you want to alter this behavior, you can use any | |
15948 | of the following three ways: | |
15949 | ||
15950 | @enumerate | |
15951 | @item | |
15952 | @vindex nnmail-split-fancy-match-partial-words | |
15953 | You can set the @code{nnmail-split-fancy-match-partial-words} variable | |
15954 | to non-@code{nil} in order to ignore word boundaries and instead the | |
15955 | match becomes more like a grep. This variable controls whether partial | |
15956 | words are matched during fancy splitting. The default value is | |
15957 | @code{nil}. | |
15958 | ||
15959 | Note that it influences all @var{value}'s in your split rules. | |
15960 | ||
15961 | @item | |
15962 | @var{value} beginning with @code{.*} ignores word boundaries in front of | |
15963 | a word. Similarly, if @var{value} ends with @code{.*}, word boundaries | |
15964 | in the rear of a word will be ignored. For example, the @var{value} | |
15965 | @code{"@@example\\.com"} does not match @samp{foo@@example.com} but | |
15966 | @code{".*@@example\\.com"} does. | |
15967 | ||
15968 | @item | |
15969 | You can set the @var{invert-partial} flag in your split rules of the | |
15970 | @samp{(@var{field} @var{value} @dots{})} types, aforementioned in this | |
15971 | section. If the flag is set, word boundaries on both sides of a word | |
15972 | are ignored even if @code{nnmail-split-fancy-match-partial-words} is | |
15973 | @code{nil}. Contrarily, if the flag is set, word boundaries are not | |
15974 | ignored even if @code{nnmail-split-fancy-match-partial-words} is | |
15975 | non-@code{nil}. (New in Gnus 5.10.7) | |
15976 | @end enumerate | |
15977 | ||
15978 | @vindex nnmail-split-abbrev-alist | |
15979 | @var{field} and @var{value} can also be Lisp symbols, in that case | |
15980 | they are expanded as specified by the variable | |
15981 | @code{nnmail-split-abbrev-alist}. This is an alist of cons cells, | |
15982 | where the @sc{car} of a cell contains the key, and the @sc{cdr} | |
15983 | contains the associated value. Predefined entries in | |
15984 | @code{nnmail-split-abbrev-alist} include: | |
15985 | ||
15986 | @table @code | |
15987 | @item from | |
15988 | Matches the @samp{From}, @samp{Sender} and @samp{Resent-From} fields. | |
15989 | @item to | |
15990 | Matches the @samp{To}, @samp{Cc}, @samp{Apparently-To}, | |
15991 | @samp{Resent-To} and @samp{Resent-Cc} fields. | |
15992 | @item any | |
15993 | Is the union of the @code{from} and @code{to} entries. | |
15994 | @end table | |
15995 | ||
15996 | @vindex nnmail-split-fancy-syntax-table | |
15997 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy-syntax-table} is the syntax table in effect | |
15998 | when all this splitting is performed. | |
15999 | ||
16000 | If you want to have Gnus create groups dynamically based on some | |
16001 | information in the headers (i.e., do @code{replace-match}-like | |
16002 | substitutions in the group names), you can say things like: | |
16003 | ||
16004 | @example | |
16005 | (any "debian-\\b\\(\\w+\\)@@lists.debian.org" "mail.debian.\\1") | |
16006 | @end example | |
16007 | ||
16008 | In this example, messages sent to @samp{debian-foo@@lists.debian.org} | |
16009 | will be filed in @samp{mail.debian.foo}. | |
16010 | ||
16011 | If the string contains the element @samp{\&}, then the previously | |
16012 | matched string will be substituted. Similarly, the elements @samp{\\1} | |
16013 | up to @samp{\\9} will be substituted with the text matched by the | |
16014 | groupings 1 through 9. | |
16015 | ||
16016 | @vindex nnmail-split-lowercase-expanded | |
16017 | Where @code{nnmail-split-lowercase-expanded} controls whether the | |
16018 | lowercase of the matched string should be used for the substitution. | |
16019 | Setting it as non-@code{nil} is useful to avoid the creation of multiple | |
16020 | groups when users send to an address using different case | |
16021 | (i.e. mailing-list@@domain vs Mailing-List@@Domain). The default value | |
16022 | is @code{t}. | |
16023 | ||
16024 | @findex nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent | |
16025 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent} is a function which allows you to | |
16026 | split followups into the same groups their parents are in. Sometimes | |
16027 | you can't make splitting rules for all your mail. For example, your | |
16028 | boss might send you personal mail regarding different projects you are | |
16029 | working on, and as you can't tell your boss to put a distinguishing | |
16030 | string into the subject line, you have to resort to manually moving the | |
16031 | messages into the right group. With this function, you only have to do | |
16032 | it once per thread. | |
16033 | ||
16034 | To use this feature, you have to set @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates} | |
16035 | and @code{nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids} to a non-@code{nil} | |
16036 | value. And then you can include @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent} | |
16037 | using the colon feature, like so: | |
16038 | @lisp | |
16039 | (setq nnmail-treat-duplicates 'warn ; @r{or @code{delete}} | |
16040 | nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids t | |
16041 | nnmail-split-fancy | |
16042 | '(| (: nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent) | |
16043 | ;; @r{other splits go here} | |
16044 | )) | |
16045 | @end lisp | |
16046 | ||
16047 | This feature works as follows: when @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates} is | |
16048 | non-@code{nil}, Gnus records the message id of every message it sees | |
16049 | in the file specified by the variable | |
16050 | @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file}, together with the group it is in | |
16051 | (the group is omitted for non-mail messages). When mail splitting is | |
16052 | invoked, the function @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent} then looks | |
16053 | at the References (and In-Reply-To) header of each message to split | |
16054 | and searches the file specified by @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file} | |
16055 | for the message ids. When it has found a parent, it returns the | |
16056 | corresponding group name unless the group name matches the regexp | |
16057 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent-ignore-groups}. It is | |
16058 | recommended that you set @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-length} to a | |
16059 | somewhat higher number than the default so that the message ids are | |
16060 | still in the cache. (A value of 5000 appears to create a file some | |
16061 | 300 kBytes in size.) | |
16062 | @vindex nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids | |
16063 | When @code{nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus | |
16064 | also records the message ids of moved articles, so that the followup | |
16065 | messages goes into the new group. | |
16066 | ||
16067 | Also see the variable @code{nnmail-cache-ignore-groups} if you don't | |
16068 | want certain groups to be recorded in the cache. For example, if all | |
16069 | outgoing messages are written to an ``outgoing'' group, you could set | |
16070 | @code{nnmail-cache-ignore-groups} to match that group name. | |
16071 | Otherwise, answers to all your messages would end up in the | |
16072 | ``outgoing'' group. | |
16073 | ||
16074 | ||
16075 | @node Group Mail Splitting | |
16076 | @subsection Group Mail Splitting | |
16077 | @cindex mail splitting | |
16078 | @cindex group mail splitting | |
16079 | ||
16080 | @findex gnus-group-split | |
16081 | If you subscribe to dozens of mailing lists but you don't want to | |
16082 | maintain mail splitting rules manually, group mail splitting is for you. | |
16083 | You just have to set @code{to-list} and/or @code{to-address} in group | |
16084 | parameters or group customization and set @code{nnmail-split-methods} to | |
16085 | @code{gnus-group-split}. This splitting function will scan all groups | |
16086 | for those parameters and split mail accordingly, i.e., messages posted | |
16087 | from or to the addresses specified in the parameters @code{to-list} or | |
16088 | @code{to-address} of a mail group will be stored in that group. | |
16089 | ||
16090 | Sometimes, mailing lists have multiple addresses, and you may want mail | |
16091 | splitting to recognize them all: just set the @code{extra-aliases} group | |
16092 | parameter to the list of additional addresses and it's done. If you'd | |
16093 | rather use a regular expression, set @code{split-regexp}. | |
16094 | ||
16095 | All these parameters in a group will be used to create an | |
16096 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy} split, in which the @var{field} is @samp{any}, | |
16097 | the @var{value} is a single regular expression that matches | |
16098 | @code{to-list}, @code{to-address}, all of @code{extra-aliases} and all | |
16099 | matches of @code{split-regexp}, and the @var{split} is the name of the | |
16100 | group. @var{restrict}s are also supported: just set the | |
16101 | @code{split-exclude} parameter to a list of regular expressions. | |
16102 | ||
16103 | If you can't get the right split to be generated using all these | |
16104 | parameters, or you just need something fancier, you can set the | |
16105 | parameter @code{split-spec} to an @code{nnmail-split-fancy} split. In | |
16106 | this case, all other aforementioned parameters will be ignored by | |
16107 | @code{gnus-group-split}. In particular, @code{split-spec} may be set to | |
16108 | @code{nil}, in which case the group will be ignored by | |
16109 | @code{gnus-group-split}. | |
16110 | ||
16111 | @vindex gnus-group-split-default-catch-all-group | |
16112 | @code{gnus-group-split} will do cross-posting on all groups that match, | |
16113 | by defining a single @code{&} fancy split containing one split for each | |
16114 | group. If a message doesn't match any split, it will be stored in the | |
16115 | group named in @code{gnus-group-split-default-catch-all-group}, unless | |
16116 | some group has @code{split-spec} set to @code{catch-all}, in which case | |
16117 | that group is used as the catch-all group. Even though this variable is | |
16118 | often used just to name a group, it may also be set to an arbitrarily | |
16119 | complex fancy split (after all, a group name is a fancy split), and this | |
16120 | may be useful to split mail that doesn't go to any mailing list to | |
16121 | personal mail folders. Note that this fancy split is added as the last | |
16122 | element of a @code{|} split list that also contains a @code{&} split | |
16123 | with the rules extracted from group parameters. | |
16124 | ||
16125 | It's time for an example. Assume the following group parameters have | |
16126 | been defined: | |
16127 | ||
16128 | @example | |
16129 | nnml:mail.bar: | |
16130 | ((to-address . "bar@@femail.com") | |
16131 | (split-regexp . ".*@@femail\\.com")) | |
16132 | nnml:mail.foo: | |
16133 | ((to-list . "foo@@nowhere.gov") | |
16134 | (extra-aliases "foo@@localhost" "foo-redist@@home") | |
16135 | (split-exclude "bugs-foo" "rambling-foo") | |
16136 | (admin-address . "foo-request@@nowhere.gov")) | |
16137 | nnml:mail.others: | |
16138 | ((split-spec . catch-all)) | |
16139 | @end example | |
16140 | ||
16141 | Setting @code{nnmail-split-methods} to @code{gnus-group-split} will | |
16142 | behave as if @code{nnmail-split-fancy} had been selected and variable | |
16143 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy} had been set as follows: | |
16144 | ||
16145 | @lisp | |
16146 | (| (& (any "\\(bar@@femail\\.com\\|.*@@femail\\.com\\)" "mail.bar") | |
16147 | (any "\\(foo@@nowhere\\.gov\\|foo@@localhost\\|foo-redist@@home\\)" | |
16148 | - "bugs-foo" - "rambling-foo" "mail.foo")) | |
16149 | "mail.others") | |
16150 | @end lisp | |
16151 | ||
16152 | @findex gnus-group-split-fancy | |
16153 | If you'd rather not use group splitting for all your mail groups, you | |
16154 | may use it for only some of them, by using @code{nnmail-split-fancy} | |
16155 | splits like this: | |
16156 | ||
16157 | @lisp | |
16158 | (: gnus-group-split-fancy @var{groups} @var{no-crosspost} @var{catch-all}) | |
16159 | @end lisp | |
16160 | ||
16161 | @var{groups} may be a regular expression or a list of group names whose | |
16162 | parameters will be scanned to generate the output split. | |
16163 | @var{no-crosspost} can be used to disable cross-posting; in this case, a | |
16164 | single @code{|} split will be output. @var{catch-all} is the fall back | |
16165 | fancy split, used like @code{gnus-group-split-default-catch-all-group}. | |
16166 | If @var{catch-all} is @code{nil}, or if @code{split-regexp} matches the | |
16167 | empty string in any selected group, no catch-all split will be issued. | |
16168 | Otherwise, if some group has @code{split-spec} set to @code{catch-all}, | |
16169 | this group will override the value of the @var{catch-all} argument. | |
16170 | ||
16171 | @findex gnus-group-split-setup | |
16172 | Unfortunately, scanning all groups and their parameters can be quite | |
16173 | slow, especially considering that it has to be done for every message. | |
16174 | But don't despair! The function @code{gnus-group-split-setup} can be | |
16175 | used to enable @code{gnus-group-split} in a much more efficient way. It | |
16176 | sets @code{nnmail-split-methods} to @code{nnmail-split-fancy} and sets | |
16177 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy} to the split produced by | |
16178 | @code{gnus-group-split-fancy}. Thus, the group parameters are only | |
16179 | scanned once, no matter how many messages are split. | |
16180 | ||
16181 | @findex gnus-group-split-update | |
16182 | However, if you change group parameters, you'd have to update | |
16183 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy} manually. You can do it by running | |
16184 | @code{gnus-group-split-update}. If you'd rather have it updated | |
16185 | automatically, just tell @code{gnus-group-split-setup} to do it for | |
16186 | you. For example, add to your @file{~/.gnus.el}: | |
16187 | ||
16188 | @lisp | |
16189 | (gnus-group-split-setup @var{auto-update} @var{catch-all}) | |
16190 | @end lisp | |
16191 | ||
16192 | If @var{auto-update} is non-@code{nil}, @code{gnus-group-split-update} | |
16193 | will be added to @code{nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook}, so you won't ever | |
16194 | have to worry about updating @code{nnmail-split-fancy} again. If you | |
16195 | don't omit @var{catch-all} (it's optional, equivalent to @code{nil}), | |
16196 | @code{gnus-group-split-default-catch-all-group} will be set to its | |
16197 | value. | |
16198 | ||
16199 | @vindex gnus-group-split-updated-hook | |
16200 | Because you may want to change @code{nnmail-split-fancy} after it is set | |
16201 | by @code{gnus-group-split-update}, this function will run | |
16202 | @code{gnus-group-split-updated-hook} just before finishing. | |
16203 | ||
16204 | @node Incorporating Old Mail | |
16205 | @subsection Incorporating Old Mail | |
16206 | @cindex incorporating old mail | |
16207 | @cindex import old mail | |
16208 | ||
16209 | Most people have lots of old mail stored in various file formats. If | |
16210 | you have set up Gnus to read mail using one of the spiffy Gnus mail | |
16211 | back ends, you'll probably wish to have that old mail incorporated into | |
16212 | your mail groups. | |
16213 | ||
16214 | Doing so can be quite easy. | |
16215 | ||
16216 | To take an example: You're reading mail using @code{nnml} | |
16217 | (@pxref{Mail Spool}), and have set @code{nnmail-split-methods} to a | |
16218 | satisfactory value (@pxref{Splitting Mail}). You have an old Unix mbox | |
16219 | file filled with important, but old, mail. You want to move it into | |
16220 | your @code{nnml} groups. | |
16221 | ||
16222 | Here's how: | |
16223 | ||
16224 | @enumerate | |
16225 | @item | |
16226 | Go to the group buffer. | |
16227 | ||
16228 | @item | |
16229 | Type @kbd{G f} and give the file name to the mbox file when prompted to create an | |
16230 | @code{nndoc} group from the mbox file (@pxref{Foreign Groups}). | |
16231 | ||
16232 | @item | |
16233 | Type @kbd{SPACE} to enter the newly created group. | |
16234 | ||
16235 | @item | |
16236 | Type @kbd{M P b} to process-mark all articles in this group's buffer | |
16237 | (@pxref{Setting Process Marks}). | |
16238 | ||
16239 | @item | |
16240 | Type @kbd{B r} to respool all the process-marked articles, and answer | |
16241 | @samp{nnml} when prompted (@pxref{Mail Group Commands}). | |
16242 | @end enumerate | |
16243 | ||
16244 | All the mail messages in the mbox file will now also be spread out over | |
16245 | all your @code{nnml} groups. Try entering them and check whether things | |
16246 | have gone without a glitch. If things look ok, you may consider | |
16247 | deleting the mbox file, but I wouldn't do that unless I was absolutely | |
16248 | sure that all the mail has ended up where it should be. | |
16249 | ||
16250 | Respooling is also a handy thing to do if you're switching from one mail | |
16251 | back end to another. Just respool all the mail in the old mail groups | |
16252 | using the new mail back end. | |
16253 | ||
16254 | ||
16255 | @node Expiring Mail | |
16256 | @subsection Expiring Mail | |
16257 | @cindex article expiry | |
16258 | @cindex expiring mail | |
16259 | ||
16260 | Traditional mail readers have a tendency to remove mail articles when | |
16261 | you mark them as read, in some way. Gnus takes a fundamentally | |
16262 | different approach to mail reading. | |
16263 | ||
16264 | Gnus basically considers mail just to be news that has been received in | |
16265 | a rather peculiar manner. It does not think that it has the power to | |
16266 | actually change the mail, or delete any mail messages. If you enter a | |
16267 | mail group, and mark articles as ``read'', or kill them in some other | |
16268 | fashion, the mail articles will still exist on the system. I repeat: | |
16269 | Gnus will not delete your old, read mail. Unless you ask it to, of | |
16270 | course. | |
16271 | ||
16272 | To make Gnus get rid of your unwanted mail, you have to mark the | |
16273 | articles as @dfn{expirable}. (With the default key bindings, this means | |
16274 | that you have to type @kbd{E}.) This does not mean that the articles | |
16275 | will disappear right away, however. In general, a mail article will be | |
16276 | deleted from your system if, 1) it is marked as expirable, AND 2) it is | |
16277 | more than one week old. If you do not mark an article as expirable, it | |
16278 | will remain on your system until hell freezes over. This bears | |
16279 | repeating one more time, with some spurious capitalizations: IF you do | |
16280 | NOT mark articles as EXPIRABLE, Gnus will NEVER delete those ARTICLES. | |
16281 | ||
16282 | You do not have to mark articles as expirable by hand. Gnus provides | |
16283 | two features, called ``auto-expire'' and ``total-expire'', that can help you | |
16284 | with this. In a nutshell, ``auto-expire'' means that Gnus hits @kbd{E} | |
16285 | for you when you select an article. And ``total-expire'' means that Gnus | |
16286 | considers all articles as expirable that are read. So, in addition to | |
16287 | the articles marked @samp{E}, also the articles marked @samp{r}, | |
16288 | @samp{R}, @samp{O}, @samp{K}, @samp{Y} and so on are considered | |
16289 | expirable. | |
16290 | ||
16291 | When should either auto-expire or total-expire be used? Most people | |
16292 | who are subscribed to mailing lists split each list into its own group | |
16293 | and then turn on auto-expire or total-expire for those groups. | |
16294 | (@xref{Splitting Mail}, for more information on splitting each list | |
16295 | into its own group.) | |
16296 | ||
16297 | Which one is better, auto-expire or total-expire? It's not easy to | |
16298 | answer. Generally speaking, auto-expire is probably faster. Another | |
16299 | advantage of auto-expire is that you get more marks to work with: for | |
16300 | the articles that are supposed to stick around, you can still choose | |
16301 | between tick and dormant and read marks. But with total-expire, you | |
16302 | only have dormant and ticked to choose from. The advantage of | |
16303 | total-expire is that it works well with adaptive scoring (@pxref{Adaptive | |
16304 | Scoring}). Auto-expire works with normal scoring but not with adaptive | |
16305 | scoring. | |
16306 | ||
16307 | @vindex gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups | |
16308 | Groups that match the regular expression | |
16309 | @code{gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups} will have all articles that you | |
16310 | read marked as expirable automatically. All articles marked as | |
16311 | expirable have an @samp{E} in the first column in the summary buffer. | |
16312 | ||
16313 | By default, if you have auto expiry switched on, Gnus will mark all the | |
16314 | articles you read as expirable, no matter if they were read or unread | |
16315 | before. To avoid having articles marked as read marked as expirable | |
16316 | automatically, you can put something like the following in your | |
16317 | @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
16318 | ||
16319 | @vindex gnus-mark-article-hook | |
16320 | @lisp | |
16321 | (remove-hook 'gnus-mark-article-hook | |
16322 | 'gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read) | |
16323 | (add-hook 'gnus-mark-article-hook 'gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read) | |
16324 | @end lisp | |
16325 | ||
16326 | Note that making a group auto-expirable doesn't mean that all read | |
16327 | articles are expired---only the articles marked as expirable | |
16328 | will be expired. Also note that using the @kbd{d} command won't make | |
16329 | articles expirable---only semi-automatic marking of articles as read will | |
16330 | mark the articles as expirable in auto-expirable groups. | |
16331 | ||
16332 | Let's say you subscribe to a couple of mailing lists, and you want the | |
16333 | articles you have read to disappear after a while: | |
16334 | ||
16335 | @lisp | |
16336 | (setq gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups | |
16337 | "mail.nonsense-list\\|mail.nice-list") | |
16338 | @end lisp | |
16339 | ||
16340 | Another way to have auto-expiry happen is to have the element | |
16341 | @code{auto-expire} in the group parameters of the group. | |
16342 | ||
16343 | If you use adaptive scoring (@pxref{Adaptive Scoring}) and | |
16344 | auto-expiring, you'll have problems. Auto-expiring and adaptive scoring | |
16345 | don't really mix very well. | |
16346 | ||
16347 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-wait | |
16348 | The @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} variable supplies the default time an | |
16349 | expirable article has to live. Gnus starts counting days from when the | |
16350 | message @emph{arrived}, not from when it was sent. The default is seven | |
16351 | days. | |
16352 | ||
16353 | Gnus also supplies a function that lets you fine-tune how long articles | |
16354 | are to live, based on what group they are in. Let's say you want to | |
16355 | have one month expiry period in the @samp{mail.private} group, a one day | |
16356 | expiry period in the @samp{mail.junk} group, and a six day expiry period | |
16357 | everywhere else: | |
16358 | ||
16359 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-wait-function | |
16360 | @lisp | |
16361 | (setq nnmail-expiry-wait-function | |
16362 | (lambda (group) | |
16363 | (cond ((string= group "mail.private") | |
16364 | 31) | |
16365 | ((string= group "mail.junk") | |
16366 | 1) | |
16367 | ((string= group "important") | |
16368 | 'never) | |
16369 | (t | |
16370 | 6)))) | |
16371 | @end lisp | |
16372 | ||
16373 | The group names this function is fed are ``unadorned'' group | |
16374 | names---no @samp{nnml:} prefixes and the like. | |
16375 | ||
16376 | The @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} variable and | |
16377 | @code{nnmail-expiry-wait-function} function can either be a number (not | |
16378 | necessarily an integer) or one of the symbols @code{immediate} or | |
16379 | @code{never}. | |
16380 | ||
16381 | You can also use the @code{expiry-wait} group parameter to selectively | |
16382 | change the expiry period (@pxref{Group Parameters}). | |
16383 | ||
16384 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-target | |
16385 | The normal action taken when expiring articles is to delete them. | |
16386 | However, in some circumstances it might make more sense to move them | |
16387 | to other groups instead of deleting them. The variable | |
16388 | @code{nnmail-expiry-target} (and the @code{expiry-target} group | |
16389 | parameter) controls this. The variable supplies a default value for | |
16390 | all groups, which can be overridden for specific groups by the group | |
16391 | parameter. default value is @code{delete}, but this can also be a | |
16392 | string (which should be the name of the group the message should be | |
16393 | moved to), or a function (which will be called in a buffer narrowed to | |
16394 | the message in question, and with the name of the group being moved | |
16395 | from as its parameter) which should return a target---either a group | |
16396 | name or @code{delete}. | |
16397 | ||
16398 | Here's an example for specifying a group name: | |
16399 | @lisp | |
16400 | (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired") | |
16401 | @end lisp | |
16402 | ||
16403 | @findex nnmail-fancy-expiry-target | |
16404 | @vindex nnmail-fancy-expiry-targets | |
16405 | Gnus provides a function @code{nnmail-fancy-expiry-target} which will | |
16406 | expire mail to groups according to the variable | |
16407 | @code{nnmail-fancy-expiry-targets}. Here's an example: | |
16408 | ||
16409 | @lisp | |
16410 | (setq nnmail-expiry-target 'nnmail-fancy-expiry-target | |
16411 | nnmail-fancy-expiry-targets | |
16412 | '((to-from "boss" "nnfolder:Work") | |
16413 | ("subject" "IMPORTANT" "nnfolder:IMPORTANT.%Y.%b") | |
16414 | ("from" ".*" "nnfolder:Archive-%Y"))) | |
16415 | @end lisp | |
16416 | ||
16417 | With this setup, any mail that has @code{IMPORTANT} in its Subject | |
16418 | header and was sent in the year @code{YYYY} and month @code{MMM}, will | |
16419 | get expired to the group @code{nnfolder:IMPORTANT.YYYY.MMM}. If its | |
16420 | From or To header contains the string @code{boss}, it will get expired | |
16421 | to @code{nnfolder:Work}. All other mail will get expired to | |
16422 | @code{nnfolder:Archive-YYYY}. | |
16423 | ||
16424 | @vindex nnmail-keep-last-article | |
16425 | If @code{nnmail-keep-last-article} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will never | |
16426 | expire the final article in a mail newsgroup. This is to make life | |
16427 | easier for procmail users. | |
16428 | ||
16429 | @vindex gnus-total-expirable-newsgroups | |
16430 | By the way: That line up there, about Gnus never expiring non-expirable | |
16431 | articles, is a lie. If you put @code{total-expire} in the group | |
16432 | parameters, articles will not be marked as expirable, but all read | |
16433 | articles will be put through the expiry process. Use with extreme | |
16434 | caution. Even more dangerous is the | |
16435 | @code{gnus-total-expirable-newsgroups} variable. All groups that match | |
16436 | this regexp will have all read articles put through the expiry process, | |
16437 | which means that @emph{all} old mail articles in the groups in question | |
16438 | will be deleted after a while. Use with extreme caution, and don't come | |
16439 | crying to me when you discover that the regexp you used matched the | |
16440 | wrong group and all your important mail has disappeared. Be a | |
16441 | @emph{man}! Or a @emph{woman}! Whatever you feel more comfortable | |
16442 | with! So there! | |
16443 | ||
16444 | Most people make most of their mail groups total-expirable, though. | |
16445 | ||
16446 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-user-auto-expire | |
16447 | If @code{gnus-inhibit-user-auto-expire} is non-@code{nil}, user marking | |
16448 | commands will not mark an article as expirable, even if the group has | |
16449 | auto-expire turned on. | |
16450 | ||
b0b63450 MB |
16451 | @vindex gnus-mark-copied-or-moved-articles-as-expirable |
16452 | The expirable marks of articles will be removed when copying or moving | |
16453 | them to a group in which auto-expire is not turned on. This is for | |
16454 | preventing articles from being expired unintentionally. On the other | |
16455 | hand, to a group that has turned auto-expire on, the expirable marks of | |
16456 | articles that are copied or moved will not be changed by default. I.e., | |
16457 | when copying or moving to such a group, articles that were expirable | |
16458 | will be left expirable and ones that were not expirable will not be | |
16459 | marked as expirable. So, even though in auto-expire groups, some | |
16460 | articles will never get expired (unless you read them again). If you | |
16461 | don't side with that behavior that unexpirable articles may be mixed | |
16462 | into auto-expire groups, you can set | |
16463 | @code{gnus-mark-copied-or-moved-articles-as-expirable} to a | |
16464 | non-@code{nil} value. In that case, articles that have been read will | |
16465 | be marked as expirable automatically when being copied or moved to a | |
16466 | group that has auto-expire turned on. The default value is @code{nil}. | |
16467 | ||
4009494e GM |
16468 | |
16469 | @node Washing Mail | |
16470 | @subsection Washing Mail | |
16471 | @cindex mail washing | |
16472 | @cindex list server brain damage | |
16473 | @cindex incoming mail treatment | |
16474 | ||
16475 | Mailers and list servers are notorious for doing all sorts of really, | |
16476 | really stupid things with mail. ``Hey, RFC 822 doesn't explicitly | |
16477 | prohibit us from adding the string @code{wE aRe ElItE!!!!!1!!} to the | |
16478 | end of all lines passing through our server, so let's do that!!!!1!'' | |
16479 | Yes, but RFC 822 wasn't designed to be read by morons. Things that were | |
16480 | considered to be self-evident were not discussed. So. Here we are. | |
16481 | ||
16482 | Case in point: The German version of Microsoft Exchange adds @samp{AW: | |
16483 | } to the subjects of replies instead of @samp{Re: }. I could pretend to | |
16484 | be shocked and dismayed by this, but I haven't got the energy. It is to | |
16485 | laugh. | |
16486 | ||
16487 | Gnus provides a plethora of functions for washing articles while | |
16488 | displaying them, but it might be nicer to do the filtering before | |
16489 | storing the mail to disk. For that purpose, we have three hooks and | |
16490 | various functions that can be put in these hooks. | |
16491 | ||
16492 | @table @code | |
16493 | @item nnmail-prepare-incoming-hook | |
16494 | @vindex nnmail-prepare-incoming-hook | |
16495 | This hook is called before doing anything with the mail and is meant for | |
16496 | grand, sweeping gestures. It is called in a buffer that contains all | |
16497 | the new, incoming mail. Functions to be used include: | |
16498 | ||
16499 | @table @code | |
16500 | @item nnheader-ms-strip-cr | |
16501 | @findex nnheader-ms-strip-cr | |
16502 | Remove trailing carriage returns from each line. This is default on | |
16503 | Emacs running on MS machines. | |
16504 | ||
16505 | @end table | |
16506 | ||
16507 | @item nnmail-prepare-incoming-header-hook | |
16508 | @vindex nnmail-prepare-incoming-header-hook | |
16509 | This hook is called narrowed to each header. It can be used when | |
16510 | cleaning up the headers. Functions that can be used include: | |
16511 | ||
16512 | @table @code | |
16513 | @item nnmail-remove-leading-whitespace | |
16514 | @findex nnmail-remove-leading-whitespace | |
16515 | Clear leading white space that ``helpful'' listservs have added to the | |
16516 | headers to make them look nice. Aaah. | |
16517 | ||
16518 | (Note that this function works on both the header on the body of all | |
16519 | messages, so it is a potentially dangerous function to use (if a body | |
16520 | of a message contains something that looks like a header line). So | |
16521 | rather than fix the bug, it is of course the right solution to make it | |
16522 | into a feature by documenting it.) | |
16523 | ||
16524 | @item nnmail-remove-list-identifiers | |
16525 | @findex nnmail-remove-list-identifiers | |
16526 | Some list servers add an identifier---for example, @samp{(idm)}---to the | |
16527 | beginning of all @code{Subject} headers. I'm sure that's nice for | |
16528 | people who use stone age mail readers. This function will remove | |
16529 | strings that match the @code{nnmail-list-identifiers} regexp, which can | |
16530 | also be a list of regexp. @code{nnmail-list-identifiers} may not contain | |
16531 | @code{\\(..\\)}. | |
16532 | ||
16533 | For instance, if you want to remove the @samp{(idm)} and the | |
16534 | @samp{nagnagnag} identifiers: | |
16535 | ||
16536 | @lisp | |
16537 | (setq nnmail-list-identifiers | |
16538 | '("(idm)" "nagnagnag")) | |
16539 | @end lisp | |
16540 | ||
16541 | This can also be done non-destructively with | |
16542 | @code{gnus-list-identifiers}, @xref{Article Hiding}. | |
16543 | ||
16544 | @item nnmail-remove-tabs | |
16545 | @findex nnmail-remove-tabs | |
16546 | Translate all @samp{TAB} characters into @samp{SPACE} characters. | |
16547 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
16548 | @item nnmail-ignore-broken-references |
16549 | @findex nnmail-ignore-broken-references | |
16550 | @c @findex nnmail-fix-eudora-headers | |
4009494e | 16551 | @cindex Eudora |
01c52d31 MB |
16552 | @cindex Pegasus |
16553 | Some mail user agents (e.g. Eudora and Pegasus) produce broken | |
16554 | @code{References} headers, but correct @code{In-Reply-To} headers. This | |
16555 | function will get rid of the @code{References} header if the headers | |
16556 | contain a line matching the regular expression | |
16557 | @code{nnmail-broken-references-mailers}. | |
4009494e GM |
16558 | |
16559 | @end table | |
16560 | ||
16561 | @item nnmail-prepare-incoming-message-hook | |
16562 | @vindex nnmail-prepare-incoming-message-hook | |
16563 | This hook is called narrowed to each message. Functions to be used | |
16564 | include: | |
16565 | ||
16566 | @table @code | |
16567 | @item article-de-quoted-unreadable | |
16568 | @findex article-de-quoted-unreadable | |
16569 | Decode Quoted Readable encoding. | |
16570 | ||
16571 | @end table | |
16572 | @end table | |
16573 | ||
16574 | ||
16575 | @node Duplicates | |
16576 | @subsection Duplicates | |
16577 | ||
16578 | @vindex nnmail-treat-duplicates | |
16579 | @vindex nnmail-message-id-cache-length | |
16580 | @vindex nnmail-message-id-cache-file | |
16581 | @cindex duplicate mails | |
16582 | If you are a member of a couple of mailing lists, you will sometimes | |
16583 | receive two copies of the same mail. This can be quite annoying, so | |
16584 | @code{nnmail} checks for and treats any duplicates it might find. To do | |
16585 | this, it keeps a cache of old @code{Message-ID}s--- | |
16586 | @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file}, which is @file{~/.nnmail-cache} by | |
16587 | default. The approximate maximum number of @code{Message-ID}s stored | |
16588 | there is controlled by the @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-length} | |
16589 | variable, which is 1000 by default. (So 1000 @code{Message-ID}s will be | |
16590 | stored.) If all this sounds scary to you, you can set | |
16591 | @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates} to @code{warn} (which is what it is by | |
16592 | default), and @code{nnmail} won't delete duplicate mails. Instead it | |
16593 | will insert a warning into the head of the mail saying that it thinks | |
16594 | that this is a duplicate of a different message. | |
16595 | ||
16596 | This variable can also be a function. If that's the case, the function | |
16597 | will be called from a buffer narrowed to the message in question with | |
16598 | the @code{Message-ID} as a parameter. The function must return either | |
16599 | @code{nil}, @code{warn}, or @code{delete}. | |
16600 | ||
16601 | You can turn this feature off completely by setting the variable to | |
16602 | @code{nil}. | |
16603 | ||
16604 | If you want all the duplicate mails to be put into a special | |
16605 | @dfn{duplicates} group, you could do that using the normal mail split | |
16606 | methods: | |
16607 | ||
16608 | @lisp | |
16609 | (setq nnmail-split-fancy | |
16610 | '(| ;; @r{Messages duplicates go to a separate group.} | |
16611 | ("gnus-warning" "duplicat\\(e\\|ion\\) of message" "duplicate") | |
16612 | ;; @r{Message from daemons, postmaster, and the like to another.} | |
16613 | (any mail "mail.misc") | |
16614 | ;; @r{Other rules.} | |
16615 | [...] )) | |
16616 | @end lisp | |
16617 | @noindent | |
16618 | Or something like: | |
16619 | @lisp | |
16620 | (setq nnmail-split-methods | |
16621 | '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate") | |
16622 | ;; @r{Other rules.} | |
16623 | [...])) | |
16624 | @end lisp | |
16625 | ||
16626 | Here's a neat feature: If you know that the recipient reads her mail | |
16627 | with Gnus, and that she has @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates} set to | |
16628 | @code{delete}, you can send her as many insults as you like, just by | |
16629 | using a @code{Message-ID} of a mail that you know that she's already | |
16630 | received. Think of all the fun! She'll never see any of it! Whee! | |
16631 | ||
16632 | ||
16633 | @node Not Reading Mail | |
16634 | @subsection Not Reading Mail | |
16635 | ||
16636 | If you start using any of the mail back ends, they have the annoying | |
16637 | habit of assuming that you want to read mail with them. This might not | |
16638 | be unreasonable, but it might not be what you want. | |
16639 | ||
16640 | If you set @code{mail-sources} and @code{nnmail-spool-file} to | |
16641 | @code{nil}, none of the back ends will ever attempt to read incoming | |
16642 | mail, which should help. | |
16643 | ||
16644 | @vindex nnbabyl-get-new-mail | |
16645 | @vindex nnmbox-get-new-mail | |
16646 | @vindex nnml-get-new-mail | |
16647 | @vindex nnmh-get-new-mail | |
16648 | @vindex nnfolder-get-new-mail | |
16649 | This might be too much, if, for instance, you are reading mail quite | |
bc79f9ab GM |
16650 | happily with @code{nnml} and just want to peek at some old (pre-Emacs |
16651 | 23) Rmail file you have stashed away with @code{nnbabyl}. All back ends have | |
4009494e GM |
16652 | variables called back-end-@code{get-new-mail}. If you want to disable |
16653 | the @code{nnbabyl} mail reading, you edit the virtual server for the | |
16654 | group to have a setting where @code{nnbabyl-get-new-mail} to @code{nil}. | |
16655 | ||
16656 | All the mail back ends will call @code{nn}*@code{-prepare-save-mail-hook} | |
16657 | narrowed to the article to be saved before saving it when reading | |
16658 | incoming mail. | |
16659 | ||
16660 | ||
16661 | @node Choosing a Mail Back End | |
16662 | @subsection Choosing a Mail Back End | |
16663 | ||
16664 | Gnus will read the mail spool when you activate a mail group. The mail | |
16665 | file is first copied to your home directory. What happens after that | |
16666 | depends on what format you want to store your mail in. | |
16667 | ||
16668 | There are six different mail back ends in the standard Gnus, and more | |
16669 | back ends are available separately. The mail back end most people use | |
16670 | (because it is possibly the fastest) is @code{nnml} (@pxref{Mail | |
16671 | Spool}). | |
16672 | ||
16673 | @menu | |
16674 | * Unix Mail Box:: Using the (quite) standard Un*x mbox. | |
bc79f9ab | 16675 | * Babyl:: Babyl was used by older versions of Rmail. |
4009494e GM |
16676 | * Mail Spool:: Store your mail in a private spool? |
16677 | * MH Spool:: An mhspool-like back end. | |
16678 | * Maildir:: Another one-file-per-message format. | |
16679 | * Mail Folders:: Having one file for each group. | |
16680 | * Comparing Mail Back Ends:: An in-depth looks at pros and cons. | |
16681 | @end menu | |
16682 | ||
16683 | ||
8ccbef23 | 16684 | |
4009494e GM |
16685 | @node Unix Mail Box |
16686 | @subsubsection Unix Mail Box | |
16687 | @cindex nnmbox | |
16688 | @cindex unix mail box | |
16689 | ||
16690 | @vindex nnmbox-active-file | |
16691 | @vindex nnmbox-mbox-file | |
16692 | The @dfn{nnmbox} back end will use the standard Un*x mbox file to store | |
16693 | mail. @code{nnmbox} will add extra headers to each mail article to say | |
16694 | which group it belongs in. | |
16695 | ||
16696 | Virtual server settings: | |
16697 | ||
16698 | @table @code | |
16699 | @item nnmbox-mbox-file | |
16700 | @vindex nnmbox-mbox-file | |
16701 | The name of the mail box in the user's home directory. Default is | |
16702 | @file{~/mbox}. | |
16703 | ||
16704 | @item nnmbox-active-file | |
16705 | @vindex nnmbox-active-file | |
16706 | The name of the active file for the mail box. Default is | |
16707 | @file{~/.mbox-active}. | |
16708 | ||
16709 | @item nnmbox-get-new-mail | |
16710 | @vindex nnmbox-get-new-mail | |
16711 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnmbox} will read incoming mail and split it | |
16712 | into groups. Default is @code{t}. | |
16713 | @end table | |
16714 | ||
16715 | ||
bc79f9ab GM |
16716 | @node Babyl |
16717 | @subsubsection Babyl | |
4009494e | 16718 | @cindex nnbabyl |
4009494e GM |
16719 | |
16720 | @vindex nnbabyl-active-file | |
16721 | @vindex nnbabyl-mbox-file | |
bc79f9ab GM |
16722 | The @dfn{nnbabyl} back end will use a Babyl mail box to store mail. |
16723 | @code{nnbabyl} will add extra headers to each mail article to say which | |
16724 | group it belongs in. | |
4009494e GM |
16725 | |
16726 | Virtual server settings: | |
16727 | ||
16728 | @table @code | |
16729 | @item nnbabyl-mbox-file | |
16730 | @vindex nnbabyl-mbox-file | |
bc79f9ab | 16731 | The name of the Babyl file. The default is @file{~/RMAIL} |
4009494e GM |
16732 | |
16733 | @item nnbabyl-active-file | |
16734 | @vindex nnbabyl-active-file | |
bc79f9ab | 16735 | The name of the active file for the Babyl file. The default is |
4009494e GM |
16736 | @file{~/.rmail-active} |
16737 | ||
16738 | @item nnbabyl-get-new-mail | |
16739 | @vindex nnbabyl-get-new-mail | |
16740 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnbabyl} will read incoming mail. Default is | |
16741 | @code{t} | |
16742 | @end table | |
16743 | ||
16744 | ||
16745 | @node Mail Spool | |
16746 | @subsubsection Mail Spool | |
16747 | @cindex nnml | |
16748 | @cindex mail @acronym{NOV} spool | |
16749 | ||
16750 | The @dfn{nnml} spool mail format isn't compatible with any other known | |
16751 | format. It should be used with some caution. | |
16752 | ||
16753 | @vindex nnml-directory | |
16754 | If you use this back end, Gnus will split all incoming mail into files, | |
16755 | one file for each mail, and put the articles into the corresponding | |
16756 | directories under the directory specified by the @code{nnml-directory} | |
16757 | variable. The default value is @file{~/Mail/}. | |
16758 | ||
16759 | You do not have to create any directories beforehand; Gnus will take | |
16760 | care of all that. | |
16761 | ||
16762 | If you have a strict limit as to how many files you are allowed to store | |
16763 | in your account, you should not use this back end. As each mail gets its | |
16764 | own file, you might very well occupy thousands of inodes within a few | |
16765 | weeks. If this is no problem for you, and it isn't a problem for you | |
16766 | having your friendly systems administrator walking around, madly, | |
16767 | shouting ``Who is eating all my inodes?! Who? Who!?!'', then you should | |
16768 | know that this is probably the fastest format to use. You do not have | |
16769 | to trudge through a big mbox file just to read your new mail. | |
16770 | ||
16771 | @code{nnml} is probably the slowest back end when it comes to article | |
16772 | splitting. It has to create lots of files, and it also generates | |
16773 | @acronym{NOV} databases for the incoming mails. This makes it possibly the | |
16774 | fastest back end when it comes to reading mail. | |
16775 | ||
16776 | @cindex self contained nnml servers | |
16777 | @cindex marks | |
16778 | When the marks file is used (which it is by default), @code{nnml} | |
16779 | servers have the property that you may backup them using @code{tar} or | |
16780 | similar, and later be able to restore them into Gnus (by adding the | |
16781 | proper @code{nnml} server) and have all your marks be preserved. Marks | |
01c52d31 | 16782 | for a group are usually stored in the @code{.marks} file (but see |
4009494e GM |
16783 | @code{nnml-marks-file-name}) within each @code{nnml} group's directory. |
16784 | Individual @code{nnml} groups are also possible to backup, use @kbd{G m} | |
16785 | to restore the group (after restoring the backup into the nnml | |
16786 | directory). | |
16787 | ||
16788 | If for some reason you believe your @file{.marks} files are screwed | |
16789 | up, you can just delete them all. Gnus will then correctly regenerate | |
16790 | them next time it starts. | |
16791 | ||
16792 | Virtual server settings: | |
16793 | ||
16794 | @table @code | |
16795 | @item nnml-directory | |
16796 | @vindex nnml-directory | |
16797 | All @code{nnml} directories will be placed under this directory. The | |
16798 | default is the value of @code{message-directory} (whose default value | |
16799 | is @file{~/Mail}). | |
16800 | ||
16801 | @item nnml-active-file | |
16802 | @vindex nnml-active-file | |
16803 | The active file for the @code{nnml} server. The default is | |
16804 | @file{~/Mail/active}. | |
16805 | ||
16806 | @item nnml-newsgroups-file | |
16807 | @vindex nnml-newsgroups-file | |
16808 | The @code{nnml} group descriptions file. @xref{Newsgroups File | |
16809 | Format}. The default is @file{~/Mail/newsgroups}. | |
16810 | ||
16811 | @item nnml-get-new-mail | |
16812 | @vindex nnml-get-new-mail | |
16813 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnml} will read incoming mail. The default is | |
16814 | @code{t}. | |
16815 | ||
16816 | @item nnml-nov-is-evil | |
16817 | @vindex nnml-nov-is-evil | |
16818 | If non-@code{nil}, this back end will ignore any @acronym{NOV} files. The | |
16819 | default is @code{nil}. | |
16820 | ||
16821 | @item nnml-nov-file-name | |
16822 | @vindex nnml-nov-file-name | |
16823 | The name of the @acronym{NOV} files. The default is @file{.overview}. | |
16824 | ||
16825 | @item nnml-prepare-save-mail-hook | |
16826 | @vindex nnml-prepare-save-mail-hook | |
16827 | Hook run narrowed to an article before saving. | |
16828 | ||
16829 | @item nnml-marks-is-evil | |
16830 | @vindex nnml-marks-is-evil | |
16831 | If non-@code{nil}, this back end will ignore any @sc{marks} files. The | |
16832 | default is @code{nil}. | |
16833 | ||
16834 | @item nnml-marks-file-name | |
16835 | @vindex nnml-marks-file-name | |
16836 | The name of the @dfn{marks} files. The default is @file{.marks}. | |
16837 | ||
16838 | @item nnml-use-compressed-files | |
16839 | @vindex nnml-use-compressed-files | |
16840 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnml} will allow using compressed message | |
01c52d31 MB |
16841 | files. This requires @code{auto-compression-mode} to be enabled |
16842 | (@pxref{Compressed Files, ,Compressed Files, emacs, The Emacs Manual}). | |
16843 | If the value of @code{nnml-use-compressed-files} is a string, it is used | |
16844 | as the file extension specifying the compression program. You can set it | |
16845 | to @samp{.bz2} if your Emacs supports it. A value of @code{t} is | |
16846 | equivalent to @samp{.gz}. | |
16847 | ||
16848 | @item nnml-compressed-files-size-threshold | |
16849 | @vindex nnml-compressed-files-size-threshold | |
16850 | Default size threshold for compressed message files. Message files with | |
16851 | bodies larger than that many characters will be automatically compressed | |
16852 | if @code{nnml-use-compressed-files} is non-@code{nil}. | |
4009494e GM |
16853 | |
16854 | @end table | |
16855 | ||
16856 | @findex nnml-generate-nov-databases | |
16857 | If your @code{nnml} groups and @acronym{NOV} files get totally out of | |
16858 | whack, you can do a complete update by typing @kbd{M-x | |
16859 | nnml-generate-nov-databases}. This command will trawl through the | |
16860 | entire @code{nnml} hierarchy, looking at each and every article, so it | |
16861 | might take a while to complete. A better interface to this | |
16862 | functionality can be found in the server buffer (@pxref{Server | |
16863 | Commands}). | |
16864 | ||
16865 | ||
16866 | @node MH Spool | |
16867 | @subsubsection MH Spool | |
16868 | @cindex nnmh | |
16869 | @cindex mh-e mail spool | |
16870 | ||
16871 | @code{nnmh} is just like @code{nnml}, except that is doesn't generate | |
16872 | @acronym{NOV} databases and it doesn't keep an active file or marks | |
16873 | file. This makes @code{nnmh} a @emph{much} slower back end than | |
16874 | @code{nnml}, but it also makes it easier to write procmail scripts | |
16875 | for. | |
16876 | ||
16877 | Virtual server settings: | |
16878 | ||
16879 | @table @code | |
16880 | @item nnmh-directory | |
16881 | @vindex nnmh-directory | |
16882 | All @code{nnmh} directories will be located under this directory. The | |
16883 | default is the value of @code{message-directory} (whose default is | |
16884 | @file{~/Mail}) | |
16885 | ||
16886 | @item nnmh-get-new-mail | |
16887 | @vindex nnmh-get-new-mail | |
16888 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnmh} will read incoming mail. The default is | |
16889 | @code{t}. | |
16890 | ||
16891 | @item nnmh-be-safe | |
16892 | @vindex nnmh-be-safe | |
16893 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnmh} will go to ridiculous lengths to make | |
16894 | sure that the articles in the folder are actually what Gnus thinks | |
16895 | they are. It will check date stamps and stat everything in sight, so | |
16896 | setting this to @code{t} will mean a serious slow-down. If you never | |
16897 | use anything but Gnus to read the @code{nnmh} articles, you do not | |
16898 | have to set this variable to @code{t}. The default is @code{nil}. | |
16899 | @end table | |
16900 | ||
16901 | ||
16902 | @node Maildir | |
16903 | @subsubsection Maildir | |
16904 | @cindex nnmaildir | |
16905 | @cindex maildir | |
16906 | ||
16907 | @code{nnmaildir} stores mail in the maildir format, with each maildir | |
16908 | corresponding to a group in Gnus. This format is documented here: | |
16909 | @uref{http://cr.yp.to/proto/maildir.html} and here: | |
16910 | @uref{http://www.qmail.org/man/man5/maildir.html}. @code{nnmaildir} | |
16911 | also stores extra information in the @file{.nnmaildir/} directory | |
16912 | within a maildir. | |
16913 | ||
16914 | Maildir format was designed to allow concurrent deliveries and | |
16915 | reading, without needing locks. With other back ends, you would have | |
16916 | your mail delivered to a spool of some kind, and then you would | |
16917 | configure Gnus to split mail from that spool into your groups. You | |
16918 | can still do that with @code{nnmaildir}, but the more common | |
16919 | configuration is to have your mail delivered directly to the maildirs | |
16920 | that appear as group in Gnus. | |
16921 | ||
16922 | @code{nnmaildir} is designed to be perfectly reliable: @kbd{C-g} will | |
16923 | never corrupt its data in memory, and @code{SIGKILL} will never | |
16924 | corrupt its data in the filesystem. | |
16925 | ||
16926 | @code{nnmaildir} stores article marks and @acronym{NOV} data in each | |
16927 | maildir. So you can copy a whole maildir from one Gnus setup to | |
16928 | another, and you will keep your marks. | |
16929 | ||
16930 | Virtual server settings: | |
16931 | ||
16932 | @table @code | |
16933 | @item directory | |
16934 | For each of your @code{nnmaildir} servers (it's very unlikely that | |
16935 | you'd need more than one), you need to create a directory and populate | |
16936 | it with maildirs or symlinks to maildirs (and nothing else; do not | |
16937 | choose a directory already used for other purposes). Each maildir | |
16938 | will be represented in Gnus as a newsgroup on that server; the | |
16939 | filename of the symlink will be the name of the group. Any filenames | |
16940 | in the directory starting with @samp{.} are ignored. The directory is | |
16941 | scanned when you first start Gnus, and each time you type @kbd{g} in | |
16942 | the group buffer; if any maildirs have been removed or added, | |
16943 | @code{nnmaildir} notices at these times. | |
16944 | ||
16945 | The value of the @code{directory} parameter should be a Lisp form | |
16946 | which is processed by @code{eval} and @code{expand-file-name} to get | |
16947 | the path of the directory for this server. The form is @code{eval}ed | |
16948 | only when the server is opened; the resulting string is used until the | |
16949 | server is closed. (If you don't know about forms and @code{eval}, | |
16950 | don't worry---a simple string will work.) This parameter is not | |
16951 | optional; you must specify it. I don't recommend using | |
16952 | @code{"~/Mail"} or a subdirectory of it; several other parts of Gnus | |
16953 | use that directory by default for various things, and may get confused | |
16954 | if @code{nnmaildir} uses it too. @code{"~/.nnmaildir"} is a typical | |
16955 | value. | |
16956 | ||
16957 | @item target-prefix | |
16958 | This should be a Lisp form which is processed by @code{eval} and | |
16959 | @code{expand-file-name}. The form is @code{eval}ed only when the | |
16960 | server is opened; the resulting string is used until the server is | |
16961 | closed. | |
16962 | ||
16963 | When you create a group on an @code{nnmaildir} server, the maildir is | |
16964 | created with @code{target-prefix} prepended to its name, and a symlink | |
16965 | pointing to that maildir is created, named with the plain group name. | |
16966 | So if @code{directory} is @code{"~/.nnmaildir"} and | |
16967 | @code{target-prefix} is @code{"../maildirs/"}, then when you create | |
16968 | the group @code{foo}, @code{nnmaildir} will create | |
16969 | @file{~/.nnmaildir/../maildirs/foo} as a maildir, and will create | |
16970 | @file{~/.nnmaildir/foo} as a symlink pointing to | |
16971 | @file{../maildirs/foo}. | |
16972 | ||
16973 | You can set @code{target-prefix} to a string without any slashes to | |
16974 | create both maildirs and symlinks in the same @code{directory}; in | |
16975 | this case, any maildirs found in @code{directory} whose names start | |
16976 | with @code{target-prefix} will not be listed as groups (but the | |
16977 | symlinks pointing to them will be). | |
16978 | ||
16979 | As a special case, if @code{target-prefix} is @code{""} (the default), | |
16980 | then when you create a group, the maildir will be created in | |
16981 | @code{directory} without a corresponding symlink. Beware that you | |
16982 | cannot use @code{gnus-group-delete-group} on such groups without the | |
16983 | @code{force} argument. | |
16984 | ||
16985 | @item directory-files | |
16986 | This should be a function with the same interface as | |
16987 | @code{directory-files} (such as @code{directory-files} itself). It is | |
16988 | used to scan the server's @code{directory} for maildirs. This | |
16989 | parameter is optional; the default is | |
16990 | @code{nnheader-directory-files-safe} if | |
16991 | @code{nnheader-directory-files-is-safe} is @code{nil}, and | |
16992 | @code{directory-files} otherwise. | |
16993 | (@code{nnheader-directory-files-is-safe} is checked only once when the | |
16994 | server is opened; if you want to check it each time the directory is | |
16995 | scanned, you'll have to provide your own function that does that.) | |
16996 | ||
16997 | @item get-new-mail | |
16998 | If non-@code{nil}, then after scanning for new mail in the group | |
16999 | maildirs themselves as usual, this server will also incorporate mail | |
17000 | the conventional Gnus way, from @code{mail-sources} according to | |
17001 | @code{nnmail-split-methods} or @code{nnmail-split-fancy}. The default | |
17002 | value is @code{nil}. | |
17003 | ||
17004 | Do @emph{not} use the same maildir both in @code{mail-sources} and as | |
17005 | an @code{nnmaildir} group. The results might happen to be useful, but | |
17006 | that would be by chance, not by design, and the results might be | |
17007 | different in the future. If your split rules create new groups, | |
17008 | remember to supply a @code{create-directory} server parameter. | |
17009 | @end table | |
17010 | ||
17011 | @subsubsection Group parameters | |
17012 | ||
17013 | @code{nnmaildir} uses several group parameters. It's safe to ignore | |
17014 | all this; the default behavior for @code{nnmaildir} is the same as the | |
17015 | default behavior for other mail back ends: articles are deleted after | |
17016 | one week, etc. Except for the expiry parameters, all this | |
17017 | functionality is unique to @code{nnmaildir}, so you can ignore it if | |
17018 | you're just trying to duplicate the behavior you already have with | |
17019 | another back end. | |
17020 | ||
17021 | If the value of any of these parameters is a vector, the first element | |
17022 | is evaluated as a Lisp form and the result is used, rather than the | |
17023 | original value. If the value is not a vector, the value itself is | |
17024 | evaluated as a Lisp form. (This is why these parameters use names | |
17025 | different from those of other, similar parameters supported by other | |
17026 | back ends: they have different, though similar, meanings.) (For | |
17027 | numbers, strings, @code{nil}, and @code{t}, you can ignore the | |
17028 | @code{eval} business again; for other values, remember to use an extra | |
17029 | quote and wrap the value in a vector when appropriate.) | |
17030 | ||
17031 | @table @code | |
17032 | @item expire-age | |
17033 | An integer specifying the minimum age, in seconds, of an article | |
17034 | before it will be expired, or the symbol @code{never} to specify that | |
17035 | articles should never be expired. If this parameter is not set, | |
17036 | @code{nnmaildir} falls back to the usual | |
17037 | @code{nnmail-expiry-wait}(@code{-function}) variables (the | |
17038 | @code{expiry-wait} group parameter overrides @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} | |
17039 | and makes @code{nnmail-expiry-wait-function} ineffective). If you | |
17040 | wanted a value of 3 days, you could use something like @code{[(* 3 24 | |
17041 | 60 60)]}; @code{nnmaildir} will evaluate the form and use the result. | |
17042 | An article's age is measured starting from the article file's | |
17043 | modification time. Normally, this is the same as the article's | |
17044 | delivery time, but editing an article makes it younger. Moving an | |
17045 | article (other than via expiry) may also make an article younger. | |
17046 | ||
17047 | @item expire-group | |
17048 | If this is set to a string such as a full Gnus group name, like | |
17049 | @example | |
17050 | "backend+server.address.string:group.name" | |
17051 | @end example | |
17052 | and if it is not the name of the same group that the parameter belongs | |
17053 | to, then articles will be moved to the specified group during expiry | |
17054 | before being deleted. @emph{If this is set to an @code{nnmaildir} | |
17055 | group, the article will be just as old in the destination group as it | |
17056 | was in the source group.} So be careful with @code{expire-age} in the | |
17057 | destination group. If this is set to the name of the same group that | |
17058 | the parameter belongs to, then the article is not expired at all. If | |
17059 | you use the vector form, the first element is evaluated once for each | |
17060 | article. So that form can refer to | |
17061 | @code{nnmaildir-article-file-name}, etc., to decide where to put the | |
17062 | article. @emph{Even if this parameter is not set, @code{nnmaildir} | |
17063 | does not fall back to the @code{expiry-target} group parameter or the | |
17064 | @code{nnmail-expiry-target} variable.} | |
17065 | ||
17066 | @item read-only | |
17067 | If this is set to @code{t}, @code{nnmaildir} will treat the articles | |
17068 | in this maildir as read-only. This means: articles are not renamed | |
17069 | from @file{new/} into @file{cur/}; articles are only found in | |
17070 | @file{new/}, not @file{cur/}; articles are never deleted; articles | |
17071 | cannot be edited. @file{new/} is expected to be a symlink to the | |
17072 | @file{new/} directory of another maildir---e.g., a system-wide mailbox | |
17073 | containing a mailing list of common interest. Everything in the | |
17074 | maildir outside @file{new/} is @emph{not} treated as read-only, so for | |
17075 | a shared mailbox, you do still need to set up your own maildir (or | |
17076 | have write permission to the shared mailbox); your maildir just won't | |
17077 | contain extra copies of the articles. | |
17078 | ||
17079 | @item directory-files | |
17080 | A function with the same interface as @code{directory-files}. It is | |
17081 | used to scan the directories in the maildir corresponding to this | |
17082 | group to find articles. The default is the function specified by the | |
17083 | server's @code{directory-files} parameter. | |
17084 | ||
17085 | @item distrust-Lines: | |
17086 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnmaildir} will always count the lines of an | |
17087 | article, rather than use the @code{Lines:} header field. If | |
17088 | @code{nil}, the header field will be used if present. | |
17089 | ||
17090 | @item always-marks | |
17091 | A list of mark symbols, such as @code{['(read expire)]}. Whenever | |
17092 | Gnus asks @code{nnmaildir} for article marks, @code{nnmaildir} will | |
17093 | say that all articles have these marks, regardless of whether the | |
17094 | marks stored in the filesystem say so. This is a proof-of-concept | |
17095 | feature that will probably be removed eventually; it ought to be done | |
17096 | in Gnus proper, or abandoned if it's not worthwhile. | |
17097 | ||
17098 | @item never-marks | |
17099 | A list of mark symbols, such as @code{['(tick expire)]}. Whenever | |
17100 | Gnus asks @code{nnmaildir} for article marks, @code{nnmaildir} will | |
17101 | say that no articles have these marks, regardless of whether the marks | |
17102 | stored in the filesystem say so. @code{never-marks} overrides | |
17103 | @code{always-marks}. This is a proof-of-concept feature that will | |
17104 | probably be removed eventually; it ought to be done in Gnus proper, or | |
17105 | abandoned if it's not worthwhile. | |
17106 | ||
17107 | @item nov-cache-size | |
17108 | An integer specifying the size of the @acronym{NOV} memory cache. To | |
17109 | speed things up, @code{nnmaildir} keeps @acronym{NOV} data in memory | |
17110 | for a limited number of articles in each group. (This is probably not | |
17111 | worthwhile, and will probably be removed in the future.) This | |
17112 | parameter's value is noticed only the first time a group is seen after | |
17113 | the server is opened---i.e., when you first start Gnus, typically. | |
17114 | The @acronym{NOV} cache is never resized until the server is closed | |
17115 | and reopened. The default is an estimate of the number of articles | |
17116 | that would be displayed in the summary buffer: a count of articles | |
17117 | that are either marked with @code{tick} or not marked with | |
17118 | @code{read}, plus a little extra. | |
17119 | @end table | |
17120 | ||
17121 | @subsubsection Article identification | |
17122 | Articles are stored in the @file{cur/} subdirectory of each maildir. | |
17123 | Each article file is named like @code{uniq:info}, where @code{uniq} | |
17124 | contains no colons. @code{nnmaildir} ignores, but preserves, the | |
17125 | @code{:info} part. (Other maildir readers typically use this part of | |
17126 | the filename to store marks.) The @code{uniq} part uniquely | |
17127 | identifies the article, and is used in various places in the | |
17128 | @file{.nnmaildir/} subdirectory of the maildir to store information | |
17129 | about the corresponding article. The full pathname of an article is | |
17130 | available in the variable @code{nnmaildir-article-file-name} after you | |
17131 | request the article in the summary buffer. | |
17132 | ||
17133 | @subsubsection NOV data | |
17134 | An article identified by @code{uniq} has its @acronym{NOV} data (used | |
17135 | to generate lines in the summary buffer) stored in | |
17136 | @code{.nnmaildir/nov/uniq}. There is no | |
17137 | @code{nnmaildir-generate-nov-databases} function. (There isn't much | |
17138 | need for it---an article's @acronym{NOV} data is updated automatically | |
17139 | when the article or @code{nnmail-extra-headers} has changed.) You can | |
17140 | force @code{nnmaildir} to regenerate the @acronym{NOV} data for a | |
17141 | single article simply by deleting the corresponding @acronym{NOV} | |
17142 | file, but @emph{beware}: this will also cause @code{nnmaildir} to | |
17143 | assign a new article number for this article, which may cause trouble | |
17144 | with @code{seen} marks, the Agent, and the cache. | |
17145 | ||
17146 | @subsubsection Article marks | |
17147 | An article identified by @code{uniq} is considered to have the mark | |
17148 | @code{flag} when the file @file{.nnmaildir/marks/flag/uniq} exists. | |
17149 | When Gnus asks @code{nnmaildir} for a group's marks, @code{nnmaildir} | |
17150 | looks for such files and reports the set of marks it finds. When Gnus | |
17151 | asks @code{nnmaildir} to store a new set of marks, @code{nnmaildir} | |
17152 | creates and deletes the corresponding files as needed. (Actually, | |
17153 | rather than create a new file for each mark, it just creates hard | |
17154 | links to @file{.nnmaildir/markfile}, to save inodes.) | |
17155 | ||
17156 | You can invent new marks by creating a new directory in | |
17157 | @file{.nnmaildir/marks/}. You can tar up a maildir and remove it from | |
17158 | your server, untar it later, and keep your marks. You can add and | |
17159 | remove marks yourself by creating and deleting mark files. If you do | |
17160 | this while Gnus is running and your @code{nnmaildir} server is open, | |
17161 | it's best to exit all summary buffers for @code{nnmaildir} groups and | |
17162 | type @kbd{s} in the group buffer first, and to type @kbd{g} or | |
17163 | @kbd{M-g} in the group buffer afterwards. Otherwise, Gnus might not | |
17164 | pick up the changes, and might undo them. | |
17165 | ||
17166 | ||
17167 | @node Mail Folders | |
17168 | @subsubsection Mail Folders | |
17169 | @cindex nnfolder | |
17170 | @cindex mbox folders | |
17171 | @cindex mail folders | |
17172 | ||
17173 | @code{nnfolder} is a back end for storing each mail group in a | |
17174 | separate file. Each file is in the standard Un*x mbox format. | |
17175 | @code{nnfolder} will add extra headers to keep track of article | |
17176 | numbers and arrival dates. | |
17177 | ||
17178 | @cindex self contained nnfolder servers | |
17179 | @cindex marks | |
17180 | When the marks file is used (which it is by default), @code{nnfolder} | |
17181 | servers have the property that you may backup them using @code{tar} or | |
17182 | similar, and later be able to restore them into Gnus (by adding the | |
17183 | proper @code{nnfolder} server) and have all your marks be preserved. | |
17184 | Marks for a group are usually stored in a file named as the mbox file | |
17185 | with @code{.mrk} concatenated to it (but see | |
17186 | @code{nnfolder-marks-file-suffix}) within the @code{nnfolder} | |
17187 | directory. Individual @code{nnfolder} groups are also possible to | |
17188 | backup, use @kbd{G m} to restore the group (after restoring the backup | |
17189 | into the @code{nnfolder} directory). | |
17190 | ||
17191 | Virtual server settings: | |
17192 | ||
17193 | @table @code | |
17194 | @item nnfolder-directory | |
17195 | @vindex nnfolder-directory | |
17196 | All the @code{nnfolder} mail boxes will be stored under this | |
17197 | directory. The default is the value of @code{message-directory} | |
17198 | (whose default is @file{~/Mail}) | |
17199 | ||
17200 | @item nnfolder-active-file | |
17201 | @vindex nnfolder-active-file | |
17202 | The name of the active file. The default is @file{~/Mail/active}. | |
17203 | ||
17204 | @item nnfolder-newsgroups-file | |
17205 | @vindex nnfolder-newsgroups-file | |
17206 | The name of the group descriptions file. @xref{Newsgroups File | |
17207 | Format}. The default is @file{~/Mail/newsgroups} | |
17208 | ||
17209 | @item nnfolder-get-new-mail | |
17210 | @vindex nnfolder-get-new-mail | |
17211 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnfolder} will read incoming mail. The | |
17212 | default is @code{t} | |
17213 | ||
17214 | @item nnfolder-save-buffer-hook | |
17215 | @vindex nnfolder-save-buffer-hook | |
17216 | @cindex backup files | |
17217 | Hook run before saving the folders. Note that Emacs does the normal | |
17218 | backup renaming of files even with the @code{nnfolder} buffers. If | |
17219 | you wish to switch this off, you could say something like the | |
17220 | following in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
17221 | ||
17222 | @lisp | |
17223 | (defun turn-off-backup () | |
17224 | (set (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited) t)) | |
17225 | ||
17226 | (add-hook 'nnfolder-save-buffer-hook 'turn-off-backup) | |
17227 | @end lisp | |
17228 | ||
17229 | @item nnfolder-delete-mail-hook | |
17230 | @vindex nnfolder-delete-mail-hook | |
17231 | Hook run in a buffer narrowed to the message that is to be deleted. | |
17232 | This function can be used to copy the message to somewhere else, or to | |
17233 | extract some information from it before removing it. | |
17234 | ||
17235 | @item nnfolder-nov-is-evil | |
17236 | @vindex nnfolder-nov-is-evil | |
17237 | If non-@code{nil}, this back end will ignore any @acronym{NOV} files. The | |
17238 | default is @code{nil}. | |
17239 | ||
17240 | @item nnfolder-nov-file-suffix | |
17241 | @vindex nnfolder-nov-file-suffix | |
17242 | The extension for @acronym{NOV} files. The default is @file{.nov}. | |
17243 | ||
17244 | @item nnfolder-nov-directory | |
17245 | @vindex nnfolder-nov-directory | |
17246 | The directory where the @acronym{NOV} files should be stored. If | |
17247 | @code{nil}, @code{nnfolder-directory} is used. | |
17248 | ||
17249 | @item nnfolder-marks-is-evil | |
17250 | @vindex nnfolder-marks-is-evil | |
17251 | If non-@code{nil}, this back end will ignore any @sc{marks} files. The | |
17252 | default is @code{nil}. | |
17253 | ||
17254 | @item nnfolder-marks-file-suffix | |
17255 | @vindex nnfolder-marks-file-suffix | |
17256 | The extension for @sc{marks} files. The default is @file{.mrk}. | |
17257 | ||
17258 | @item nnfolder-marks-directory | |
17259 | @vindex nnfolder-marks-directory | |
17260 | The directory where the @sc{marks} files should be stored. If | |
17261 | @code{nil}, @code{nnfolder-directory} is used. | |
17262 | ||
17263 | @end table | |
17264 | ||
17265 | ||
17266 | @findex nnfolder-generate-active-file | |
17267 | @kindex M-x nnfolder-generate-active-file | |
17268 | If you have lots of @code{nnfolder}-like files you'd like to read with | |
17269 | @code{nnfolder}, you can use the @kbd{M-x nnfolder-generate-active-file} | |
17270 | command to make @code{nnfolder} aware of all likely files in | |
17271 | @code{nnfolder-directory}. This only works if you use long file names, | |
17272 | though. | |
17273 | ||
17274 | @node Comparing Mail Back Ends | |
17275 | @subsubsection Comparing Mail Back Ends | |
17276 | ||
17277 | First, just for terminology, the @dfn{back end} is the common word for a | |
17278 | low-level access method---a transport, if you will, by which something | |
17279 | is acquired. The sense is that one's mail has to come from somewhere, | |
17280 | and so selection of a suitable back end is required in order to get that | |
17281 | mail within spitting distance of Gnus. | |
17282 | ||
17283 | The same concept exists for Usenet itself: Though access to articles is | |
17284 | typically done by @acronym{NNTP} these days, once upon a midnight dreary, everyone | |
17285 | in the world got at Usenet by running a reader on the machine where the | |
17286 | articles lay (the machine which today we call an @acronym{NNTP} server), and | |
17287 | access was by the reader stepping into the articles' directory spool | |
17288 | area directly. One can still select between either the @code{nntp} or | |
17289 | @code{nnspool} back ends, to select between these methods, if one happens | |
17290 | actually to live on the server (or can see its spool directly, anyway, | |
17291 | via NFS). | |
17292 | ||
17293 | The goal in selecting a mail back end is to pick one which | |
17294 | simultaneously represents a suitable way of dealing with the original | |
17295 | format plus leaving mail in a form that is convenient to use in the | |
17296 | future. Here are some high and low points on each: | |
17297 | ||
17298 | @table @code | |
17299 | @item nnmbox | |
17300 | ||
17301 | UNIX systems have historically had a single, very common, and well- | |
17302 | defined format. All messages arrive in a single @dfn{spool file}, and | |
17303 | they are delineated by a line whose regular expression matches | |
17304 | @samp{^From_}. (My notational use of @samp{_} is to indicate a space, | |
17305 | to make it clear in this instance that this is not the RFC-specified | |
17306 | @samp{From:} header.) Because Emacs and therefore Gnus emanate | |
17307 | historically from the Unix environment, it is simplest if one does not | |
17308 | mess a great deal with the original mailbox format, so if one chooses | |
17309 | this back end, Gnus' primary activity in getting mail from the real spool | |
17310 | area to Gnus' preferred directory is simply to copy it, with no | |
17311 | (appreciable) format change in the process. It is the ``dumbest'' way | |
17312 | to move mail into availability in the Gnus environment. This makes it | |
17313 | fast to move into place, but slow to parse, when Gnus has to look at | |
17314 | what's where. | |
17315 | ||
17316 | @item nnbabyl | |
17317 | ||
17318 | Once upon a time, there was the DEC-10 and DEC-20, running operating | |
17319 | systems called TOPS and related things, and the usual (only?) mail | |
17320 | reading environment was a thing called Babyl. I don't know what format | |
17321 | was used for mail landing on the system, but Babyl had its own internal | |
17322 | format to which mail was converted, primarily involving creating a | |
17323 | spool-file-like entity with a scheme for inserting Babyl-specific | |
17324 | headers and status bits above the top of each message in the file. | |
17325 | Rmail was Emacs' first mail reader, it was written by Richard Stallman, | |
17326 | and Stallman came out of that TOPS/Babyl environment, so he wrote Rmail | |
17327 | to understand the mail files folks already had in existence. Gnus (and | |
17328 | VM, for that matter) continue to support this format because it's | |
17329 | perceived as having some good qualities in those mailer-specific | |
17330 | headers/status bits stuff. Rmail itself still exists as well, of | |
bc79f9ab GM |
17331 | course, and is still maintained within Emacs. Since Emacs 23, it |
17332 | uses standard mbox format rather than Babyl. | |
4009494e GM |
17333 | |
17334 | Both of the above forms leave your mail in a single file on your | |
17335 | file system, and they must parse that entire file each time you take a | |
17336 | look at your mail. | |
17337 | ||
17338 | @item nnml | |
17339 | ||
17340 | @code{nnml} is the back end which smells the most as though you were | |
17341 | actually operating with an @code{nnspool}-accessed Usenet system. (In | |
17342 | fact, I believe @code{nnml} actually derived from @code{nnspool} code, | |
17343 | lo these years ago.) One's mail is taken from the original spool file, | |
17344 | and is then cut up into individual message files, 1:1. It maintains a | |
17345 | Usenet-style active file (analogous to what one finds in an INN- or | |
17346 | CNews-based news system in (for instance) @file{/var/lib/news/active}, | |
17347 | or what is returned via the @samp{NNTP LIST} verb) and also creates | |
17348 | @dfn{overview} files for efficient group entry, as has been defined for | |
17349 | @acronym{NNTP} servers for some years now. It is slower in mail-splitting, | |
17350 | due to the creation of lots of files, updates to the @code{nnml} active | |
17351 | file, and additions to overview files on a per-message basis, but it is | |
17352 | extremely fast on access because of what amounts to the indexing support | |
17353 | provided by the active file and overviews. | |
17354 | ||
17355 | @code{nnml} costs @dfn{inodes} in a big way; that is, it soaks up the | |
17356 | resource which defines available places in the file system to put new | |
17357 | files. Sysadmins take a dim view of heavy inode occupation within | |
17358 | tight, shared file systems. But if you live on a personal machine where | |
17359 | the file system is your own and space is not at a premium, @code{nnml} | |
17360 | wins big. | |
17361 | ||
17362 | It is also problematic using this back end if you are living in a | |
17363 | FAT16-based Windows world, since much space will be wasted on all these | |
17364 | tiny files. | |
17365 | ||
17366 | @item nnmh | |
17367 | ||
17368 | The Rand MH mail-reading system has been around UNIX systems for a very | |
17369 | long time; it operates by splitting one's spool file of messages into | |
17370 | individual files, but with little or no indexing support---@code{nnmh} | |
17371 | is considered to be semantically equivalent to ``@code{nnml} without | |
17372 | active file or overviews''. This is arguably the worst choice, because | |
17373 | one gets the slowness of individual file creation married to the | |
17374 | slowness of access parsing when learning what's new in one's groups. | |
17375 | ||
17376 | @item nnfolder | |
17377 | ||
17378 | Basically the effect of @code{nnfolder} is @code{nnmbox} (the first | |
17379 | method described above) on a per-group basis. That is, @code{nnmbox} | |
17380 | itself puts @emph{all} one's mail in one file; @code{nnfolder} provides a | |
17381 | little bit of optimization to this so that each of one's mail groups has | |
17382 | a Unix mail box file. It's faster than @code{nnmbox} because each group | |
17383 | can be parsed separately, and still provides the simple Unix mail box | |
17384 | format requiring minimal effort in moving the mail around. In addition, | |
17385 | it maintains an ``active'' file making it much faster for Gnus to figure | |
17386 | out how many messages there are in each separate group. | |
17387 | ||
17388 | If you have groups that are expected to have a massive amount of | |
17389 | messages, @code{nnfolder} is not the best choice, but if you receive | |
17390 | only a moderate amount of mail, @code{nnfolder} is probably the most | |
17391 | friendly mail back end all over. | |
17392 | ||
17393 | @item nnmaildir | |
17394 | ||
17395 | For configuring expiry and other things, @code{nnmaildir} uses | |
17396 | incompatible group parameters, slightly different from those of other | |
17397 | mail back ends. | |
17398 | ||
17399 | @code{nnmaildir} is largely similar to @code{nnml}, with some notable | |
17400 | differences. Each message is stored in a separate file, but the | |
17401 | filename is unrelated to the article number in Gnus. @code{nnmaildir} | |
17402 | also stores the equivalent of @code{nnml}'s overview files in one file | |
17403 | per article, so it uses about twice as many inodes as @code{nnml}. (Use | |
17404 | @code{df -i} to see how plentiful your inode supply is.) If this slows | |
17405 | you down or takes up very much space, consider switching to | |
17406 | @uref{http://www.namesys.com/, ReiserFS} or another non-block-structured | |
17407 | file system. | |
17408 | ||
17409 | Since maildirs don't require locking for delivery, the maildirs you use | |
17410 | as groups can also be the maildirs your mail is directly delivered to. | |
17411 | This means you can skip Gnus' mail splitting if your mail is already | |
17412 | organized into different mailboxes during delivery. A @code{directory} | |
17413 | entry in @code{mail-sources} would have a similar effect, but would | |
17414 | require one set of mailboxes for spooling deliveries (in mbox format, | |
17415 | thus damaging message bodies), and another set to be used as groups (in | |
17416 | whatever format you like). A maildir has a built-in spool, in the | |
17417 | @code{new/} subdirectory. Beware that currently, mail moved from | |
17418 | @code{new/} to @code{cur/} instead of via mail splitting will not | |
17419 | undergo treatment such as duplicate checking. | |
17420 | ||
17421 | @code{nnmaildir} stores article marks for a given group in the | |
17422 | corresponding maildir, in a way designed so that it's easy to manipulate | |
17423 | them from outside Gnus. You can tar up a maildir, unpack it somewhere | |
17424 | else, and still have your marks. @code{nnml} also stores marks, but | |
17425 | it's not as easy to work with them from outside Gnus as with | |
17426 | @code{nnmaildir}. | |
17427 | ||
17428 | @code{nnmaildir} uses a significant amount of memory to speed things up. | |
17429 | (It keeps in memory some of the things that @code{nnml} stores in files | |
17430 | and that @code{nnmh} repeatedly parses out of message files.) If this | |
17431 | is a problem for you, you can set the @code{nov-cache-size} group | |
17432 | parameter to something small (0 would probably not work, but 1 probably | |
17433 | would) to make it use less memory. This caching will probably be | |
17434 | removed in the future. | |
17435 | ||
17436 | Startup is likely to be slower with @code{nnmaildir} than with other | |
17437 | back ends. Everything else is likely to be faster, depending in part | |
17438 | on your file system. | |
17439 | ||
17440 | @code{nnmaildir} does not use @code{nnoo}, so you cannot use @code{nnoo} | |
17441 | to write an @code{nnmaildir}-derived back end. | |
17442 | ||
17443 | @end table | |
17444 | ||
17445 | ||
17446 | @node Browsing the Web | |
17447 | @section Browsing the Web | |
17448 | @cindex web | |
17449 | @cindex browsing the web | |
17450 | @cindex www | |
17451 | @cindex http | |
17452 | ||
17453 | Web-based discussion forums are getting more and more popular. On many | |
17454 | subjects, the web-based forums have become the most important forums, | |
17455 | eclipsing the importance of mailing lists and news groups. The reason | |
17456 | is easy to understand---they are friendly to new users; you just point | |
17457 | and click, and there's the discussion. With mailing lists, you have to | |
17458 | go through a cumbersome subscription procedure, and most people don't | |
17459 | even know what a news group is. | |
17460 | ||
17461 | The problem with this scenario is that web browsers are not very good at | |
17462 | being newsreaders. They do not keep track of what articles you've read; | |
17463 | they do not allow you to score on subjects you're interested in; they do | |
17464 | not allow off-line browsing; they require you to click around and drive | |
17465 | you mad in the end. | |
17466 | ||
17467 | So---if web browsers suck at reading discussion forums, why not use Gnus | |
17468 | to do it instead? | |
17469 | ||
17470 | Gnus has been getting a bit of a collection of back ends for providing | |
17471 | interfaces to these sources. | |
17472 | ||
17473 | @menu | |
17474 | * Archiving Mail:: | |
17475 | * Web Searches:: Creating groups from articles that match a string. | |
4009494e GM |
17476 | * RSS:: Reading RDF site summary. |
17477 | * Customizing W3:: Doing stuff to Emacs/W3 from Gnus. | |
17478 | @end menu | |
17479 | ||
17480 | All the web sources require Emacs/W3 and the url library or those | |
17481 | alternatives to work. | |
17482 | ||
17483 | The main caveat with all these web sources is that they probably won't | |
17484 | work for a very long time. Gleaning information from the @acronym{HTML} data | |
17485 | is guesswork at best, and when the layout is altered, the Gnus back end | |
17486 | will fail. If you have reasonably new versions of these back ends, | |
17487 | though, you should be ok. | |
17488 | ||
17489 | One thing all these Web methods have in common is that the Web sources | |
17490 | are often down, unavailable or just plain too slow to be fun. In those | |
17491 | cases, it makes a lot of sense to let the Gnus Agent (@pxref{Gnus | |
17492 | Unplugged}) handle downloading articles, and then you can read them at | |
17493 | leisure from your local disk. No more World Wide Wait for you. | |
17494 | ||
17495 | @node Archiving Mail | |
17496 | @subsection Archiving Mail | |
17497 | @cindex archiving mail | |
17498 | @cindex backup of mail | |
17499 | ||
17500 | Some of the back ends, notably @code{nnml}, @code{nnfolder}, and | |
17501 | @code{nnmaildir}, now actually store the article marks with each group. | |
17502 | For these servers, archiving and restoring a group while preserving | |
17503 | marks is fairly simple. | |
17504 | ||
17505 | (Preserving the group level and group parameters as well still | |
17506 | requires ritual dancing and sacrifices to the @file{.newsrc.eld} deity | |
17507 | though.) | |
17508 | ||
17509 | To archive an entire @code{nnml}, @code{nnfolder}, or @code{nnmaildir} | |
17510 | server, take a recursive copy of the server directory. There is no need | |
17511 | to shut down Gnus, so archiving may be invoked by @code{cron} or | |
17512 | similar. You restore the data by restoring the directory tree, and | |
17513 | adding a server definition pointing to that directory in Gnus. The | |
17514 | @ref{Article Backlog}, @ref{Asynchronous Fetching} and other things | |
17515 | might interfere with overwriting data, so you may want to shut down Gnus | |
17516 | before you restore the data. | |
17517 | ||
17518 | It is also possible to archive individual @code{nnml}, | |
17519 | @code{nnfolder}, or @code{nnmaildir} groups, while preserving marks. | |
17520 | For @code{nnml} or @code{nnmaildir}, you copy all files in the group's | |
17521 | directory. For @code{nnfolder} you need to copy both the base folder | |
17522 | file itself (@file{FOO}, say), and the marks file (@file{FOO.mrk} in | |
17523 | this example). Restoring the group is done with @kbd{G m} from the Group | |
17524 | buffer. The last step makes Gnus notice the new directory. | |
17525 | @code{nnmaildir} notices the new directory automatically, so @kbd{G m} | |
17526 | is unnecessary in that case. | |
17527 | ||
17528 | @node Web Searches | |
17529 | @subsection Web Searches | |
17530 | @cindex nnweb | |
17531 | @cindex Google | |
17532 | @cindex dejanews | |
17533 | @cindex gmane | |
17534 | @cindex Usenet searches | |
17535 | @cindex searching the Usenet | |
17536 | ||
17537 | It's, like, too neat to search the Usenet for articles that match a | |
17538 | string, but it, like, totally @emph{sucks}, like, totally, to use one of | |
17539 | those, like, Web browsers, and you, like, have to, rilly, like, look at | |
17540 | the commercials, so, like, with Gnus you can do @emph{rad}, rilly, | |
17541 | searches without having to use a browser. | |
17542 | ||
17543 | The @code{nnweb} back end allows an easy interface to the mighty search | |
17544 | engine. You create an @code{nnweb} group, enter a search pattern, and | |
17545 | then enter the group and read the articles like you would any normal | |
17546 | group. The @kbd{G w} command in the group buffer (@pxref{Foreign | |
17547 | Groups}) will do this in an easy-to-use fashion. | |
17548 | ||
17549 | @code{nnweb} groups don't really lend themselves to being solid | |
17550 | groups---they have a very fleeting idea of article numbers. In fact, | |
17551 | each time you enter an @code{nnweb} group (not even changing the search | |
17552 | pattern), you are likely to get the articles ordered in a different | |
17553 | manner. Not even using duplicate suppression (@pxref{Duplicate | |
17554 | Suppression}) will help, since @code{nnweb} doesn't even know the | |
17555 | @code{Message-ID} of the articles before reading them using some search | |
17556 | engines (Google, for instance). The only possible way to keep track | |
17557 | of which articles you've read is by scoring on the @code{Date} | |
17558 | header---mark all articles posted before the last date you read the | |
17559 | group as read. | |
17560 | ||
17561 | If the search engine changes its output substantially, @code{nnweb} | |
17562 | won't be able to parse it and will fail. One could hardly fault the Web | |
01c52d31 | 17563 | providers if they were to do this---their @emph{raison d'@^etre} is to |
4009494e GM |
17564 | make money off of advertisements, not to provide services to the |
17565 | community. Since @code{nnweb} washes the ads off all the articles, one | |
17566 | might think that the providers might be somewhat miffed. We'll see. | |
17567 | ||
17568 | You must have the @code{url} and @code{W3} package or those alternatives | |
17569 | (try @code{customize-group} on the @samp{mm-url} variable group) | |
17570 | installed to be able to use @code{nnweb}. | |
17571 | ||
17572 | Virtual server variables: | |
17573 | ||
17574 | @table @code | |
17575 | @item nnweb-type | |
17576 | @vindex nnweb-type | |
17577 | What search engine type is being used. The currently supported types | |
17578 | are @code{google}, @code{dejanews}, and @code{gmane}. Note that | |
17579 | @code{dejanews} is an alias to @code{google}. | |
17580 | ||
17581 | @item nnweb-search | |
17582 | @vindex nnweb-search | |
17583 | The search string to feed to the search engine. | |
17584 | ||
17585 | @item nnweb-max-hits | |
17586 | @vindex nnweb-max-hits | |
17587 | Advisory maximum number of hits per search to display. The default is | |
17588 | 999. | |
17589 | ||
17590 | @item nnweb-type-definition | |
17591 | @vindex nnweb-type-definition | |
17592 | Type-to-definition alist. This alist says what @code{nnweb} should do | |
17593 | with the various search engine types. The following elements must be | |
17594 | present: | |
17595 | ||
17596 | @table @code | |
17597 | @item article | |
17598 | Function to decode the article and provide something that Gnus | |
17599 | understands. | |
17600 | ||
17601 | @item map | |
17602 | Function to create an article number to message header and URL alist. | |
17603 | ||
17604 | @item search | |
17605 | Function to send the search string to the search engine. | |
17606 | ||
17607 | @item address | |
17608 | The address the aforementioned function should send the search string | |
17609 | to. | |
17610 | ||
17611 | @item id | |
17612 | Format string URL to fetch an article by @code{Message-ID}. | |
17613 | @end table | |
17614 | ||
17615 | @end table | |
17616 | ||
17617 | ||
4009494e GM |
17618 | @node RSS |
17619 | @subsection RSS | |
17620 | @cindex nnrss | |
17621 | @cindex RSS | |
17622 | ||
17623 | Some web sites have an RDF Site Summary (@acronym{RSS}). | |
17624 | @acronym{RSS} is a format for summarizing headlines from news related | |
17625 | sites (such as BBC or CNN). But basically anything list-like can be | |
17626 | presented as an @acronym{RSS} feed: weblogs, changelogs or recent | |
17627 | changes to a wiki (e.g. @url{http://cliki.net/recent-changes.rdf}). | |
17628 | ||
17629 | @acronym{RSS} has a quite regular and nice interface, and it's | |
17630 | possible to get the information Gnus needs to keep groups updated. | |
17631 | ||
17632 | Note: you had better use Emacs which supports the @code{utf-8} coding | |
17633 | system because @acronym{RSS} uses UTF-8 for encoding non-@acronym{ASCII} | |
17634 | text by default. It is also used by default for non-@acronym{ASCII} | |
17635 | group names. | |
17636 | ||
17637 | @kindex G R (Group) | |
17638 | Use @kbd{G R} from the group buffer to subscribe to a feed---you will be | |
17639 | prompted for the location, the title and the description of the feed. | |
17640 | The title, which allows any characters, will be used for the group name | |
17641 | and the name of the group data file. The description can be omitted. | |
17642 | ||
17643 | An easy way to get started with @code{nnrss} is to say something like | |
17644 | the following in the group buffer: @kbd{B nnrss RET RET y}, then | |
17645 | subscribe to groups. | |
17646 | ||
17647 | The @code{nnrss} back end saves the group data file in | |
17648 | @code{nnrss-directory} (see below) for each @code{nnrss} group. File | |
17649 | names containing non-@acronym{ASCII} characters will be encoded by the | |
17650 | coding system specified with the @code{nnmail-pathname-coding-system} | |
26b9f88d MB |
17651 | variable or other. Also @xref{Non-ASCII Group Names}, for more |
17652 | information. | |
4009494e GM |
17653 | |
17654 | The @code{nnrss} back end generates @samp{multipart/alternative} | |
17655 | @acronym{MIME} articles in which each contains a @samp{text/plain} part | |
17656 | and a @samp{text/html} part. | |
17657 | ||
17658 | @cindex OPML | |
17659 | You can also use the following commands to import and export your | |
17660 | subscriptions from a file in @acronym{OPML} format (Outline Processor | |
17661 | Markup Language). | |
17662 | ||
17663 | @defun nnrss-opml-import file | |
17664 | Prompt for an @acronym{OPML} file, and subscribe to each feed in the | |
17665 | file. | |
17666 | @end defun | |
17667 | ||
17668 | @defun nnrss-opml-export | |
17669 | Write your current @acronym{RSS} subscriptions to a buffer in | |
17670 | @acronym{OPML} format. | |
17671 | @end defun | |
17672 | ||
17673 | The following @code{nnrss} variables can be altered: | |
17674 | ||
17675 | @table @code | |
17676 | @item nnrss-directory | |
17677 | @vindex nnrss-directory | |
17678 | The directory where @code{nnrss} stores its files. The default is | |
17679 | @file{~/News/rss/}. | |
17680 | ||
17681 | @item nnrss-file-coding-system | |
17682 | @vindex nnrss-file-coding-system | |
17683 | The coding system used when reading and writing the @code{nnrss} groups | |
17684 | data files. The default is the value of | |
17685 | @code{mm-universal-coding-system} (which defaults to @code{emacs-mule} | |
17686 | in Emacs or @code{escape-quoted} in XEmacs). | |
17687 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
17688 | @item nnrss-ignore-article-fields |
17689 | @vindex nnrss-ignore-article-fields | |
17690 | Some feeds update constantly article fields during their publications, | |
17691 | e.g. to indicate the number of comments. However, if there is | |
17692 | a difference between the local article and the distant one, the latter | |
17693 | is considered to be new. To avoid this and discard some fields, set this | |
17694 | variable to the list of fields to be ignored. The default is | |
17695 | @code{'(slash:comments)}. | |
17696 | ||
4009494e GM |
17697 | @item nnrss-use-local |
17698 | @vindex nnrss-use-local | |
17699 | @findex nnrss-generate-download-script | |
17700 | If you set @code{nnrss-use-local} to @code{t}, @code{nnrss} will read | |
17701 | the feeds from local files in @code{nnrss-directory}. You can use | |
17702 | the command @code{nnrss-generate-download-script} to generate a | |
17703 | download script using @command{wget}. | |
17704 | ||
17705 | @item nnrss-wash-html-in-text-plain-parts | |
17706 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{nnrss} renders text in @samp{text/plain} | |
17707 | parts as @acronym{HTML}. The function specified by the | |
17708 | @code{mm-text-html-renderer} variable (@pxref{Display Customization, | |
17709 | ,Display Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME Manual}) will be used | |
17710 | to render text. If it is @code{nil}, which is the default, text will | |
17711 | simply be folded. Leave it @code{nil} if you prefer to see | |
17712 | @samp{text/html} parts. | |
17713 | @end table | |
17714 | ||
17715 | The following code may be helpful, if you want to show the description in | |
17716 | the summary buffer. | |
17717 | ||
17718 | @lisp | |
17719 | (add-to-list 'nnmail-extra-headers nnrss-description-field) | |
17720 | (setq gnus-summary-line-format "%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-15,15f%]%) %s%uX\n") | |
17721 | ||
17722 | (defun gnus-user-format-function-X (header) | |
17723 | (let ((descr | |
17724 | (assq nnrss-description-field (mail-header-extra header)))) | |
17725 | (if descr (concat "\n\t" (cdr descr)) ""))) | |
17726 | @end lisp | |
17727 | ||
17728 | The following code may be useful to open an nnrss url directly from the | |
17729 | summary buffer. | |
17730 | ||
17731 | @lisp | |
17732 | (require 'browse-url) | |
17733 | ||
01c52d31 | 17734 | (defun browse-nnrss-url (arg) |
4009494e GM |
17735 | (interactive "p") |
17736 | (let ((url (assq nnrss-url-field | |
17737 | (mail-header-extra | |
17738 | (gnus-data-header | |
17739 | (assq (gnus-summary-article-number) | |
17740 | gnus-newsgroup-data)))))) | |
17741 | (if url | |
17742 | (progn | |
17743 | (browse-url (cdr url)) | |
17744 | (gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward 1)) | |
17745 | (gnus-summary-scroll-up arg)))) | |
17746 | ||
17747 | (eval-after-load "gnus" | |
17748 | #'(define-key gnus-summary-mode-map | |
17749 | (kbd "<RET>") 'browse-nnrss-url)) | |
17750 | (add-to-list 'nnmail-extra-headers nnrss-url-field) | |
17751 | @end lisp | |
17752 | ||
9b3ebcb6 | 17753 | Even if you have added @samp{text/html} to the |
4009494e GM |
17754 | @code{mm-discouraged-alternatives} variable (@pxref{Display |
17755 | Customization, ,Display Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME | |
17756 | Manual}) since you don't want to see @acronym{HTML} parts, it might be | |
17757 | more useful especially in @code{nnrss} groups to display | |
17758 | @samp{text/html} parts. Here's an example of setting | |
17759 | @code{mm-discouraged-alternatives} as a group parameter (@pxref{Group | |
17760 | Parameters}) in order to display @samp{text/html} parts only in | |
17761 | @code{nnrss} groups: | |
17762 | ||
17763 | @lisp | |
17764 | ;; @r{Set the default value of @code{mm-discouraged-alternatives}.} | |
17765 | (eval-after-load "gnus-sum" | |
17766 | '(add-to-list | |
17767 | 'gnus-newsgroup-variables | |
17768 | '(mm-discouraged-alternatives | |
17769 | . '("text/html" "image/.*")))) | |
17770 | ||
17771 | ;; @r{Display @samp{text/html} parts in @code{nnrss} groups.} | |
17772 | (add-to-list | |
17773 | 'gnus-parameters | |
17774 | '("\\`nnrss:" (mm-discouraged-alternatives nil))) | |
17775 | @end lisp | |
17776 | ||
17777 | ||
17778 | @node Customizing W3 | |
17779 | @subsection Customizing W3 | |
17780 | @cindex W3 | |
17781 | @cindex html | |
17782 | @cindex url | |
17783 | @cindex Netscape | |
17784 | ||
17785 | Gnus uses the url library to fetch web pages and Emacs/W3 (or those | |
17786 | alternatives) to display web pages. Emacs/W3 is documented in its own | |
17787 | manual, but there are some things that may be more relevant for Gnus | |
17788 | users. | |
17789 | ||
17790 | For instance, a common question is how to make Emacs/W3 follow links | |
17791 | using the @code{browse-url} functions (which will call some external web | |
17792 | browser like Netscape). Here's one way: | |
17793 | ||
17794 | @lisp | |
17795 | (eval-after-load "w3" | |
17796 | '(progn | |
17797 | (fset 'w3-fetch-orig (symbol-function 'w3-fetch)) | |
17798 | (defun w3-fetch (&optional url target) | |
17799 | (interactive (list (w3-read-url-with-default))) | |
17800 | (if (eq major-mode 'gnus-article-mode) | |
17801 | (browse-url url) | |
17802 | (w3-fetch-orig url target))))) | |
17803 | @end lisp | |
17804 | ||
17805 | Put that in your @file{.emacs} file, and hitting links in W3-rendered | |
17806 | @acronym{HTML} in the Gnus article buffers will use @code{browse-url} to | |
17807 | follow the link. | |
17808 | ||
17809 | ||
4009494e GM |
17810 | @node Other Sources |
17811 | @section Other Sources | |
17812 | ||
17813 | Gnus can do more than just read news or mail. The methods described | |
17814 | below allow Gnus to view directories and files as if they were | |
17815 | newsgroups. | |
17816 | ||
17817 | @menu | |
17818 | * Directory Groups:: You can read a directory as if it was a newsgroup. | |
17819 | * Anything Groups:: Dired? Who needs dired? | |
17820 | * Document Groups:: Single files can be the basis of a group. | |
4009494e GM |
17821 | * Mail-To-News Gateways:: Posting articles via mail-to-news gateways. |
17822 | @end menu | |
17823 | ||
17824 | ||
17825 | @node Directory Groups | |
17826 | @subsection Directory Groups | |
17827 | @cindex nndir | |
17828 | @cindex directory groups | |
17829 | ||
17830 | If you have a directory that has lots of articles in separate files in | |
17831 | it, you might treat it as a newsgroup. The files have to have numerical | |
17832 | names, of course. | |
17833 | ||
17834 | This might be an opportune moment to mention @code{ange-ftp} (and its | |
17835 | successor @code{efs}), that most wonderful of all wonderful Emacs | |
17836 | packages. When I wrote @code{nndir}, I didn't think much about it---a | |
17837 | back end to read directories. Big deal. | |
17838 | ||
17839 | @code{ange-ftp} changes that picture dramatically. For instance, if you | |
17840 | enter the @code{ange-ftp} file name | |
17841 | @file{/ftp.hpc.uh.edu:/pub/emacs/ding-list/} as the directory name, | |
17842 | @code{ange-ftp} or @code{efs} will actually allow you to read this | |
17843 | directory over at @samp{sina} as a newsgroup. Distributed news ahoy! | |
17844 | ||
17845 | @code{nndir} will use @acronym{NOV} files if they are present. | |
17846 | ||
17847 | @code{nndir} is a ``read-only'' back end---you can't delete or expire | |
17848 | articles with this method. You can use @code{nnmh} or @code{nnml} for | |
17849 | whatever you use @code{nndir} for, so you could switch to any of those | |
17850 | methods if you feel the need to have a non-read-only @code{nndir}. | |
17851 | ||
17852 | ||
17853 | @node Anything Groups | |
17854 | @subsection Anything Groups | |
17855 | @cindex nneething | |
17856 | ||
17857 | From the @code{nndir} back end (which reads a single spool-like | |
17858 | directory), it's just a hop and a skip to @code{nneething}, which | |
17859 | pretends that any arbitrary directory is a newsgroup. Strange, but | |
17860 | true. | |
17861 | ||
17862 | When @code{nneething} is presented with a directory, it will scan this | |
17863 | directory and assign article numbers to each file. When you enter such | |
17864 | a group, @code{nneething} must create ``headers'' that Gnus can use. | |
17865 | After all, Gnus is a newsreader, in case you're forgetting. | |
17866 | @code{nneething} does this in a two-step process. First, it snoops each | |
17867 | file in question. If the file looks like an article (i.e., the first | |
17868 | few lines look like headers), it will use this as the head. If this is | |
17869 | just some arbitrary file without a head (e.g. a C source file), | |
17870 | @code{nneething} will cobble up a header out of thin air. It will use | |
17871 | file ownership, name and date and do whatever it can with these | |
17872 | elements. | |
17873 | ||
17874 | All this should happen automatically for you, and you will be presented | |
17875 | with something that looks very much like a newsgroup. Totally like a | |
17876 | newsgroup, to be precise. If you select an article, it will be displayed | |
17877 | in the article buffer, just as usual. | |
17878 | ||
17879 | If you select a line that represents a directory, Gnus will pop you into | |
17880 | a new summary buffer for this @code{nneething} group. And so on. You can | |
17881 | traverse the entire disk this way, if you feel like, but remember that | |
17882 | Gnus is not dired, really, and does not intend to be, either. | |
17883 | ||
17884 | There are two overall modes to this action---ephemeral or solid. When | |
17885 | doing the ephemeral thing (i.e., @kbd{G D} from the group buffer), Gnus | |
17886 | will not store information on what files you have read, and what files | |
17887 | are new, and so on. If you create a solid @code{nneething} group the | |
17888 | normal way with @kbd{G m}, Gnus will store a mapping table between | |
17889 | article numbers and file names, and you can treat this group like any | |
17890 | other groups. When you activate a solid @code{nneething} group, you will | |
17891 | be told how many unread articles it contains, etc., etc. | |
17892 | ||
17893 | Some variables: | |
17894 | ||
17895 | @table @code | |
17896 | @item nneething-map-file-directory | |
17897 | @vindex nneething-map-file-directory | |
17898 | All the mapping files for solid @code{nneething} groups will be stored | |
17899 | in this directory, which defaults to @file{~/.nneething/}. | |
17900 | ||
17901 | @item nneething-exclude-files | |
17902 | @vindex nneething-exclude-files | |
17903 | All files that match this regexp will be ignored. Nice to use to exclude | |
17904 | auto-save files and the like, which is what it does by default. | |
17905 | ||
17906 | @item nneething-include-files | |
17907 | @vindex nneething-include-files | |
17908 | Regexp saying what files to include in the group. If this variable is | |
17909 | non-@code{nil}, only files matching this regexp will be included. | |
17910 | ||
17911 | @item nneething-map-file | |
17912 | @vindex nneething-map-file | |
17913 | Name of the map files. | |
17914 | @end table | |
17915 | ||
17916 | ||
17917 | @node Document Groups | |
17918 | @subsection Document Groups | |
17919 | @cindex nndoc | |
17920 | @cindex documentation group | |
17921 | @cindex help group | |
17922 | ||
17923 | @code{nndoc} is a cute little thing that will let you read a single file | |
17924 | as a newsgroup. Several files types are supported: | |
17925 | ||
17926 | @table @code | |
17927 | @cindex Babyl | |
4009494e | 17928 | @item babyl |
bc79f9ab | 17929 | The Babyl format. |
4009494e GM |
17930 | |
17931 | @cindex mbox | |
17932 | @cindex Unix mbox | |
17933 | @item mbox | |
17934 | The standard Unix mbox file. | |
17935 | ||
17936 | @cindex MMDF mail box | |
17937 | @item mmdf | |
17938 | The MMDF mail box format. | |
17939 | ||
17940 | @item news | |
17941 | Several news articles appended into a file. | |
17942 | ||
17943 | @cindex rnews batch files | |
17944 | @item rnews | |
17945 | The rnews batch transport format. | |
17946 | ||
17947 | @item nsmail | |
17948 | Netscape mail boxes. | |
17949 | ||
17950 | @item mime-parts | |
17951 | @acronym{MIME} multipart messages. | |
17952 | ||
17953 | @item standard-digest | |
17954 | The standard (RFC 1153) digest format. | |
17955 | ||
17956 | @item mime-digest | |
17957 | A @acronym{MIME} digest of messages. | |
17958 | ||
17959 | @item lanl-gov-announce | |
17960 | Announcement messages from LANL Gov Announce. | |
17961 | ||
17962 | @cindex forwarded messages | |
17963 | @item rfc822-forward | |
17964 | A message forwarded according to RFC822. | |
17965 | ||
17966 | @item outlook | |
17967 | The Outlook mail box. | |
17968 | ||
17969 | @item oe-dbx | |
17970 | The Outlook Express dbx mail box. | |
17971 | ||
17972 | @item exim-bounce | |
17973 | A bounce message from the Exim MTA. | |
17974 | ||
17975 | @item forward | |
17976 | A message forwarded according to informal rules. | |
17977 | ||
17978 | @item rfc934 | |
17979 | An RFC934-forwarded message. | |
17980 | ||
17981 | @item mailman | |
17982 | A mailman digest. | |
17983 | ||
17984 | @item clari-briefs | |
17985 | A digest of Clarinet brief news items. | |
17986 | ||
17987 | @item slack-digest | |
17988 | Non-standard digest format---matches most things, but does it badly. | |
17989 | ||
17990 | @item mail-in-mail | |
17991 | The last resort. | |
17992 | @end table | |
17993 | ||
17994 | You can also use the special ``file type'' @code{guess}, which means | |
17995 | that @code{nndoc} will try to guess what file type it is looking at. | |
17996 | @code{digest} means that @code{nndoc} should guess what digest type the | |
17997 | file is. | |
17998 | ||
17999 | @code{nndoc} will not try to change the file or insert any extra headers into | |
18000 | it---it will simply, like, let you use the file as the basis for a | |
18001 | group. And that's it. | |
18002 | ||
18003 | If you have some old archived articles that you want to insert into your | |
18004 | new & spiffy Gnus mail back end, @code{nndoc} can probably help you with | |
18005 | that. Say you have an old @file{RMAIL} file with mail that you now want | |
18006 | to split into your new @code{nnml} groups. You look at that file using | |
18007 | @code{nndoc} (using the @kbd{G f} command in the group buffer | |
18008 | (@pxref{Foreign Groups})), set the process mark on all the articles in | |
18009 | the buffer (@kbd{M P b}, for instance), and then re-spool (@kbd{B r}) | |
18010 | using @code{nnml}. If all goes well, all the mail in the @file{RMAIL} | |
18011 | file is now also stored in lots of @code{nnml} directories, and you can | |
18012 | delete that pesky @file{RMAIL} file. If you have the guts! | |
18013 | ||
18014 | Virtual server variables: | |
18015 | ||
18016 | @table @code | |
18017 | @item nndoc-article-type | |
18018 | @vindex nndoc-article-type | |
18019 | This should be one of @code{mbox}, @code{babyl}, @code{digest}, | |
18020 | @code{news}, @code{rnews}, @code{mmdf}, @code{forward}, @code{rfc934}, | |
18021 | @code{rfc822-forward}, @code{mime-parts}, @code{standard-digest}, | |
18022 | @code{slack-digest}, @code{clari-briefs}, @code{nsmail}, @code{outlook}, | |
18023 | @code{oe-dbx}, @code{mailman}, and @code{mail-in-mail} or @code{guess}. | |
18024 | ||
18025 | @item nndoc-post-type | |
18026 | @vindex nndoc-post-type | |
18027 | This variable says whether Gnus is to consider the group a news group or | |
18028 | a mail group. There are two valid values: @code{mail} (the default) | |
18029 | and @code{news}. | |
18030 | @end table | |
18031 | ||
18032 | @menu | |
18033 | * Document Server Internals:: How to add your own document types. | |
18034 | @end menu | |
18035 | ||
18036 | ||
18037 | @node Document Server Internals | |
18038 | @subsubsection Document Server Internals | |
18039 | ||
18040 | Adding new document types to be recognized by @code{nndoc} isn't | |
18041 | difficult. You just have to whip up a definition of what the document | |
18042 | looks like, write a predicate function to recognize that document type, | |
18043 | and then hook into @code{nndoc}. | |
18044 | ||
18045 | First, here's an example document type definition: | |
18046 | ||
18047 | @example | |
18048 | (mmdf | |
18049 | (article-begin . "^\^A\^A\^A\^A\n") | |
18050 | (body-end . "^\^A\^A\^A\^A\n")) | |
18051 | @end example | |
18052 | ||
18053 | The definition is simply a unique @dfn{name} followed by a series of | |
18054 | regexp pseudo-variable settings. Below are the possible | |
18055 | variables---don't be daunted by the number of variables; most document | |
18056 | types can be defined with very few settings: | |
18057 | ||
18058 | @table @code | |
18059 | @item first-article | |
18060 | If present, @code{nndoc} will skip past all text until it finds | |
18061 | something that match this regexp. All text before this will be | |
18062 | totally ignored. | |
18063 | ||
18064 | @item article-begin | |
18065 | This setting has to be present in all document type definitions. It | |
18066 | says what the beginning of each article looks like. To do more | |
18067 | complicated things that cannot be dealt with a simple regexp, you can | |
18068 | use @code{article-begin-function} instead of this. | |
18069 | ||
18070 | @item article-begin-function | |
18071 | If present, this should be a function that moves point to the beginning | |
18072 | of each article. This setting overrides @code{article-begin}. | |
18073 | ||
18074 | @item head-begin | |
18075 | If present, this should be a regexp that matches the head of the | |
18076 | article. To do more complicated things that cannot be dealt with a | |
18077 | simple regexp, you can use @code{head-begin-function} instead of this. | |
18078 | ||
18079 | @item head-begin-function | |
18080 | If present, this should be a function that moves point to the head of | |
18081 | the article. This setting overrides @code{head-begin}. | |
18082 | ||
18083 | @item head-end | |
18084 | This should match the end of the head of the article. It defaults to | |
18085 | @samp{^$}---the empty line. | |
18086 | ||
18087 | @item body-begin | |
18088 | This should match the beginning of the body of the article. It defaults | |
18089 | to @samp{^\n}. To do more complicated things that cannot be dealt with | |
18090 | a simple regexp, you can use @code{body-begin-function} instead of this. | |
18091 | ||
18092 | @item body-begin-function | |
18093 | If present, this function should move point to the beginning of the body | |
18094 | of the article. This setting overrides @code{body-begin}. | |
18095 | ||
18096 | @item body-end | |
18097 | If present, this should match the end of the body of the article. To do | |
18098 | more complicated things that cannot be dealt with a simple regexp, you | |
18099 | can use @code{body-end-function} instead of this. | |
18100 | ||
18101 | @item body-end-function | |
18102 | If present, this function should move point to the end of the body of | |
18103 | the article. This setting overrides @code{body-end}. | |
18104 | ||
18105 | @item file-begin | |
18106 | If present, this should match the beginning of the file. All text | |
18107 | before this regexp will be totally ignored. | |
18108 | ||
18109 | @item file-end | |
18110 | If present, this should match the end of the file. All text after this | |
18111 | regexp will be totally ignored. | |
18112 | ||
18113 | @end table | |
18114 | ||
18115 | So, using these variables @code{nndoc} is able to dissect a document | |
18116 | file into a series of articles, each with a head and a body. However, a | |
18117 | few more variables are needed since not all document types are all that | |
18118 | news-like---variables needed to transform the head or the body into | |
18119 | something that's palatable for Gnus: | |
18120 | ||
18121 | @table @code | |
18122 | @item prepare-body-function | |
18123 | If present, this function will be called when requesting an article. It | |
18124 | will be called with point at the start of the body, and is useful if the | |
18125 | document has encoded some parts of its contents. | |
18126 | ||
18127 | @item article-transform-function | |
18128 | If present, this function is called when requesting an article. It's | |
18129 | meant to be used for more wide-ranging transformation of both head and | |
18130 | body of the article. | |
18131 | ||
18132 | @item generate-head-function | |
18133 | If present, this function is called to generate a head that Gnus can | |
18134 | understand. It is called with the article number as a parameter, and is | |
18135 | expected to generate a nice head for the article in question. It is | |
18136 | called when requesting the headers of all articles. | |
18137 | ||
18138 | @item generate-article-function | |
18139 | If present, this function is called to generate an entire article that | |
18140 | Gnus can understand. It is called with the article number as a | |
18141 | parameter when requesting all articles. | |
18142 | ||
18143 | @item dissection-function | |
18144 | If present, this function is called to dissect a document by itself, | |
18145 | overriding @code{first-article}, @code{article-begin}, | |
18146 | @code{article-begin-function}, @code{head-begin}, | |
18147 | @code{head-begin-function}, @code{head-end}, @code{body-begin}, | |
18148 | @code{body-begin-function}, @code{body-end}, @code{body-end-function}, | |
18149 | @code{file-begin}, and @code{file-end}. | |
18150 | ||
18151 | @end table | |
18152 | ||
18153 | Let's look at the most complicated example I can come up with---standard | |
18154 | digests: | |
18155 | ||
18156 | @example | |
18157 | (standard-digest | |
18158 | (first-article . ,(concat "^" (make-string 70 ?-) "\n\n+")) | |
18159 | (article-begin . ,(concat "\n\n" (make-string 30 ?-) "\n\n+")) | |
18160 | (prepare-body-function . nndoc-unquote-dashes) | |
18161 | (body-end-function . nndoc-digest-body-end) | |
18162 | (head-end . "^ ?$") | |
18163 | (body-begin . "^ ?\n") | |
18164 | (file-end . "^End of .*digest.*[0-9].*\n\\*\\*\\|^End of.*Digest *$") | |
18165 | (subtype digest guess)) | |
18166 | @end example | |
18167 | ||
18168 | We see that all text before a 70-width line of dashes is ignored; all | |
18169 | text after a line that starts with that @samp{^End of} is also ignored; | |
18170 | each article begins with a 30-width line of dashes; the line separating | |
18171 | the head from the body may contain a single space; and that the body is | |
18172 | run through @code{nndoc-unquote-dashes} before being delivered. | |
18173 | ||
18174 | To hook your own document definition into @code{nndoc}, use the | |
18175 | @code{nndoc-add-type} function. It takes two parameters---the first | |
18176 | is the definition itself and the second (optional) parameter says | |
18177 | where in the document type definition alist to put this definition. | |
18178 | The alist is traversed sequentially, and | |
18179 | @code{nndoc-@var{type}-type-p} is called for a given type @var{type}. | |
18180 | So @code{nndoc-mmdf-type-p} is called to see whether a document is of | |
18181 | @code{mmdf} type, and so on. These type predicates should return | |
18182 | @code{nil} if the document is not of the correct type; @code{t} if it | |
18183 | is of the correct type; and a number if the document might be of the | |
18184 | correct type. A high number means high probability; a low number | |
18185 | means low probability with @samp{0} being the lowest valid number. | |
18186 | ||
18187 | ||
4009494e GM |
18188 | @node Mail-To-News Gateways |
18189 | @subsection Mail-To-News Gateways | |
18190 | @cindex mail-to-news gateways | |
18191 | @cindex gateways | |
18192 | ||
18193 | If your local @code{nntp} server doesn't allow posting, for some reason | |
18194 | or other, you can post using one of the numerous mail-to-news gateways. | |
18195 | The @code{nngateway} back end provides the interface. | |
18196 | ||
18197 | Note that you can't read anything from this back end---it can only be | |
18198 | used to post with. | |
18199 | ||
18200 | Server variables: | |
18201 | ||
18202 | @table @code | |
18203 | @item nngateway-address | |
18204 | @vindex nngateway-address | |
18205 | This is the address of the mail-to-news gateway. | |
18206 | ||
18207 | @item nngateway-header-transformation | |
18208 | @vindex nngateway-header-transformation | |
18209 | News headers often have to be transformed in some odd way or other | |
18210 | for the mail-to-news gateway to accept it. This variable says what | |
18211 | transformation should be called, and defaults to | |
18212 | @code{nngateway-simple-header-transformation}. The function is called | |
18213 | narrowed to the headers to be transformed and with one parameter---the | |
18214 | gateway address. | |
18215 | ||
18216 | This default function just inserts a new @code{To} header based on the | |
18217 | @code{Newsgroups} header and the gateway address. | |
18218 | For instance, an article with this @code{Newsgroups} header: | |
18219 | ||
18220 | @example | |
18221 | Newsgroups: alt.religion.emacs | |
18222 | @end example | |
18223 | ||
18224 | will get this @code{To} header inserted: | |
18225 | ||
18226 | @example | |
18227 | To: alt-religion-emacs@@GATEWAY | |
18228 | @end example | |
18229 | ||
18230 | The following pre-defined functions exist: | |
18231 | ||
18232 | @findex nngateway-simple-header-transformation | |
18233 | @table @code | |
18234 | ||
18235 | @item nngateway-simple-header-transformation | |
18236 | Creates a @code{To} header that looks like | |
18237 | @var{newsgroup}@@@code{nngateway-address}. | |
18238 | ||
18239 | @findex nngateway-mail2news-header-transformation | |
18240 | ||
18241 | @item nngateway-mail2news-header-transformation | |
18242 | Creates a @code{To} header that looks like | |
18243 | @code{nngateway-address}. | |
18244 | @end table | |
18245 | ||
18246 | @end table | |
18247 | ||
18248 | Here's an example: | |
18249 | ||
18250 | @lisp | |
18251 | (setq gnus-post-method | |
18252 | '(nngateway | |
18253 | "mail2news@@replay.com" | |
18254 | (nngateway-header-transformation | |
18255 | nngateway-mail2news-header-transformation))) | |
18256 | @end lisp | |
18257 | ||
18258 | So, to use this, simply say something like: | |
18259 | ||
18260 | @lisp | |
18261 | (setq gnus-post-method '(nngateway "GATEWAY.ADDRESS")) | |
18262 | @end lisp | |
18263 | ||
18264 | ||
18265 | ||
18266 | @node Combined Groups | |
18267 | @section Combined Groups | |
18268 | ||
18269 | Gnus allows combining a mixture of all the other group types into bigger | |
18270 | groups. | |
18271 | ||
18272 | @menu | |
18273 | * Virtual Groups:: Combining articles from many groups. | |
4009494e GM |
18274 | @end menu |
18275 | ||
18276 | ||
18277 | @node Virtual Groups | |
18278 | @subsection Virtual Groups | |
18279 | @cindex nnvirtual | |
18280 | @cindex virtual groups | |
18281 | @cindex merging groups | |
18282 | ||
18283 | An @dfn{nnvirtual group} is really nothing more than a collection of | |
18284 | other groups. | |
18285 | ||
18286 | For instance, if you are tired of reading many small groups, you can | |
18287 | put them all in one big group, and then grow tired of reading one | |
18288 | big, unwieldy group. The joys of computing! | |
18289 | ||
18290 | You specify @code{nnvirtual} as the method. The address should be a | |
18291 | regexp to match component groups. | |
18292 | ||
18293 | All marks in the virtual group will stick to the articles in the | |
18294 | component groups. So if you tick an article in a virtual group, the | |
18295 | article will also be ticked in the component group from whence it | |
18296 | came. (And vice versa---marks from the component groups will also be | |
18297 | shown in the virtual group.). To create an empty virtual group, run | |
18298 | @kbd{G V} (@code{gnus-group-make-empty-virtual}) in the group buffer | |
18299 | and edit the method regexp with @kbd{M-e} | |
18300 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-method}) | |
18301 | ||
18302 | Here's an example @code{nnvirtual} method that collects all Andrea Dworkin | |
18303 | newsgroups into one, big, happy newsgroup: | |
18304 | ||
18305 | @lisp | |
18306 | (nnvirtual "^alt\\.fan\\.andrea-dworkin$\\|^rec\\.dworkin.*") | |
18307 | @end lisp | |
18308 | ||
18309 | The component groups can be native or foreign; everything should work | |
18310 | smoothly, but if your computer explodes, it was probably my fault. | |
18311 | ||
18312 | Collecting the same group from several servers might actually be a good | |
18313 | idea if users have set the Distribution header to limit distribution. | |
18314 | If you would like to read @samp{soc.motss} both from a server in Japan | |
18315 | and a server in Norway, you could use the following as the group regexp: | |
18316 | ||
18317 | @example | |
18318 | "^nntp\\+server\\.jp:soc\\.motss$\\|^nntp\\+server\\.no:soc\\.motss$" | |
18319 | @end example | |
18320 | ||
18321 | (Remember, though, that if you're creating the group with @kbd{G m}, you | |
18322 | shouldn't double the backslashes, and you should leave off the quote | |
18323 | characters at the beginning and the end of the string.) | |
18324 | ||
18325 | This should work kinda smoothly---all articles from both groups should | |
18326 | end up in this one, and there should be no duplicates. Threading (and | |
18327 | the rest) will still work as usual, but there might be problems with the | |
18328 | sequence of articles. Sorting on date might be an option here | |
18329 | (@pxref{Selecting a Group}). | |
18330 | ||
18331 | One limitation, however---all groups included in a virtual | |
18332 | group have to be alive (i.e., subscribed or unsubscribed). Killed or | |
18333 | zombie groups can't be component groups for @code{nnvirtual} groups. | |
18334 | ||
18335 | @vindex nnvirtual-always-rescan | |
18336 | If the @code{nnvirtual-always-rescan} variable is non-@code{nil} (which | |
18337 | is the default), @code{nnvirtual} will always scan groups for unread | |
18338 | articles when entering a virtual group. If this variable is @code{nil} | |
18339 | and you read articles in a component group after the virtual group has | |
18340 | been activated, the read articles from the component group will show up | |
18341 | when you enter the virtual group. You'll also see this effect if you | |
18342 | have two virtual groups that have a component group in common. If | |
18343 | that's the case, you should set this variable to @code{t}. Or you can | |
18344 | just tap @code{M-g} on the virtual group every time before you enter | |
18345 | it---it'll have much the same effect. | |
18346 | ||
18347 | @code{nnvirtual} can have both mail and news groups as component groups. | |
18348 | When responding to articles in @code{nnvirtual} groups, @code{nnvirtual} | |
18349 | has to ask the back end of the component group the article comes from | |
18350 | whether it is a news or mail back end. However, when you do a @kbd{^}, | |
18351 | there is typically no sure way for the component back end to know this, | |
18352 | and in that case @code{nnvirtual} tells Gnus that the article came from a | |
18353 | not-news back end. (Just to be on the safe side.) | |
18354 | ||
18355 | @kbd{C-c C-n} in the message buffer will insert the @code{Newsgroups} | |
18356 | line from the article you respond to in these cases. | |
18357 | ||
18358 | @code{nnvirtual} groups do not inherit anything but articles and marks | |
18359 | from component groups---group parameters, for instance, are not | |
18360 | inherited. | |
18361 | ||
18362 | ||
4009494e GM |
18363 | @node Email Based Diary |
18364 | @section Email Based Diary | |
18365 | @cindex diary | |
18366 | @cindex email based diary | |
18367 | @cindex calendar | |
18368 | ||
18369 | This section describes a special mail back end called @code{nndiary}, | |
18370 | and its companion library @code{gnus-diary}. It is ``special'' in the | |
18371 | sense that it is not meant to be one of the standard alternatives for | |
18372 | reading mail with Gnus. See @ref{Choosing a Mail Back End} for that. | |
18373 | Instead, it is used to treat @emph{some} of your mails in a special way, | |
18374 | namely, as event reminders. | |
18375 | ||
18376 | Here is a typical scenario: | |
18377 | ||
18378 | @itemize @bullet | |
18379 | @item | |
18380 | You've got a date with Andy Mc Dowell or Bruce Willis (select according | |
18381 | to your sexual preference) in one month. You don't want to forget it. | |
18382 | @item | |
18383 | So you send a ``reminder'' message (actually, a diary one) to yourself. | |
18384 | @item | |
18385 | You forget all about it and keep on getting and reading new mail, as usual. | |
18386 | @item | |
18387 | From time to time, as you type `g' in the group buffer and as the date | |
18388 | is getting closer, the message will pop up again to remind you of your | |
18389 | appointment, just as if it were new and unread. | |
18390 | @item | |
18391 | Read your ``new'' messages, this one included, and start dreaming again | |
18392 | of the night you're gonna have. | |
18393 | @item | |
18394 | Once the date is over (you actually fell asleep just after dinner), the | |
18395 | message will be automatically deleted if it is marked as expirable. | |
18396 | @end itemize | |
18397 | ||
18398 | The Gnus Diary back end has the ability to handle regular appointments | |
18399 | (that wouldn't ever be deleted) as well as punctual ones, operates as a | |
18400 | real mail back end and is configurable in many ways. All of this is | |
18401 | explained in the sections below. | |
18402 | ||
18403 | @menu | |
18404 | * The NNDiary Back End:: Basic setup and usage. | |
18405 | * The Gnus Diary Library:: Utility toolkit on top of nndiary. | |
18406 | * Sending or Not Sending:: A final note on sending diary messages. | |
18407 | @end menu | |
18408 | ||
18409 | ||
18410 | @node The NNDiary Back End | |
18411 | @subsection The NNDiary Back End | |
18412 | @cindex nndiary | |
18413 | @cindex the nndiary back end | |
18414 | ||
18415 | @code{nndiary} is a back end very similar to @code{nnml} (@pxref{Mail | |
18416 | Spool}). Actually, it could appear as a mix of @code{nnml} and | |
18417 | @code{nndraft}. If you know @code{nnml}, you're already familiar with | |
18418 | the message storing scheme of @code{nndiary}: one file per message, one | |
18419 | directory per group. | |
18420 | ||
18421 | Before anything, there is one requirement to be able to run | |
18422 | @code{nndiary} properly: you @emph{must} use the group timestamp feature | |
18423 | of Gnus. This adds a timestamp to each group's parameters. @ref{Group | |
18424 | Timestamp} to see how it's done. | |
18425 | ||
18426 | @menu | |
18427 | * Diary Messages:: What makes a message valid for nndiary. | |
18428 | * Running NNDiary:: NNDiary has two modes of operation. | |
18429 | * Customizing NNDiary:: Bells and whistles. | |
18430 | @end menu | |
18431 | ||
18432 | @node Diary Messages | |
18433 | @subsubsection Diary Messages | |
18434 | @cindex nndiary messages | |
18435 | @cindex nndiary mails | |
18436 | ||
18437 | @code{nndiary} messages are just normal ones, except for the mandatory | |
18438 | presence of 7 special headers. These headers are of the form | |
18439 | @code{X-Diary-<something>}, @code{<something>} being one of | |
18440 | @code{Minute}, @code{Hour}, @code{Dom}, @code{Month}, @code{Year}, | |
18441 | @code{Time-Zone} and @code{Dow}. @code{Dom} means ``Day of Month'', and | |
18442 | @code{dow} means ``Day of Week''. These headers actually behave like | |
18443 | crontab specifications and define the event date(s): | |
18444 | ||
18445 | @itemize @bullet | |
18446 | @item | |
18447 | For all headers except the @code{Time-Zone} one, a header value is | |
18448 | either a star (meaning all possible values), or a list of fields | |
18449 | (separated by a comma). | |
18450 | @item | |
18451 | A field is either an integer, or a range. | |
18452 | @item | |
18453 | A range is two integers separated by a dash. | |
18454 | @item | |
18455 | Possible integer values are 0--59 for @code{Minute}, 0--23 for | |
18456 | @code{Hour}, 1--31 for @code{Dom}, 1--12 for @code{Month}, above 1971 | |
18457 | for @code{Year} and 0--6 for @code{Dow} (0 meaning Sunday). | |
18458 | @item | |
18459 | As a special case, a star in either @code{Dom} or @code{Dow} doesn't | |
18460 | mean ``all possible values'', but ``use only the other field''. Note | |
18461 | that if both are star'ed, the use of either one gives the same result. | |
18462 | @item | |
18463 | The @code{Time-Zone} header is special in that it can only have one | |
18464 | value (@code{GMT}, for instance). A star doesn't mean ``all possible | |
18465 | values'' (because it makes no sense), but ``the current local time | |
18466 | zone''. Most of the time, you'll be using a star here. However, for a | |
18467 | list of available time zone values, see the variable | |
18468 | @code{nndiary-headers}. | |
18469 | @end itemize | |
18470 | ||
18471 | As a concrete example, here are the diary headers to add to your message | |
18472 | for specifying ``Each Monday and each 1st of month, at 12:00, 20:00, | |
18473 | 21:00, 22:00, 23:00 and 24:00, from 1999 to 2010'' (I'll let you find | |
18474 | what to do then): | |
18475 | ||
18476 | @example | |
18477 | X-Diary-Minute: 0 | |
18478 | X-Diary-Hour: 12, 20-24 | |
18479 | X-Diary-Dom: 1 | |
18480 | X-Diary-Month: * | |
18481 | X-Diary-Year: 1999-2010 | |
18482 | X-Diary-Dow: 1 | |
18483 | X-Diary-Time-Zone: * | |
18484 | @end example | |
18485 | ||
18486 | @node Running NNDiary | |
18487 | @subsubsection Running NNDiary | |
18488 | @cindex running nndiary | |
18489 | @cindex nndiary operation modes | |
18490 | ||
18491 | @code{nndiary} has two modes of operation: ``traditional'' (the default) | |
18492 | and ``autonomous''. In traditional mode, @code{nndiary} does not get new | |
18493 | mail by itself. You have to move (@kbd{B m}) or copy (@kbd{B c}) mails | |
18494 | from your primary mail back end to nndiary groups in order to handle them | |
18495 | as diary messages. In autonomous mode, @code{nndiary} retrieves its own | |
18496 | mail and handles it independently from your primary mail back end. | |
18497 | ||
18498 | One should note that Gnus is not inherently designed to allow several | |
18499 | ``master'' mail back ends at the same time. However, this does make | |
18500 | sense with @code{nndiary}: you really want to send and receive diary | |
18501 | messages to your diary groups directly. So, @code{nndiary} supports | |
18502 | being sort of a ``second primary mail back end'' (to my knowledge, it is | |
18503 | the only back end offering this feature). However, there is a limitation | |
18504 | (which I hope to fix some day): respooling doesn't work in autonomous | |
18505 | mode. | |
18506 | ||
18507 | In order to use @code{nndiary} in autonomous mode, you have several | |
18508 | things to do: | |
18509 | ||
18510 | @itemize @bullet | |
18511 | @item | |
18512 | Allow @code{nndiary} to retrieve new mail by itself. Put the following | |
18513 | line in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
18514 | ||
18515 | @lisp | |
18516 | (setq nndiary-get-new-mail t) | |
18517 | @end lisp | |
18518 | @item | |
18519 | You must arrange for diary messages (those containing @code{X-Diary-*} | |
18520 | headers) to be split in a private folder @emph{before} Gnus treat them. | |
18521 | Again, this is needed because Gnus cannot (yet ?) properly handle | |
18522 | multiple primary mail back ends. Getting those messages from a separate | |
18523 | source will compensate this misfeature to some extent. | |
18524 | ||
18525 | As an example, here's my procmailrc entry to store diary files in | |
18526 | @file{~/.nndiary} (the default @code{nndiary} mail source file): | |
18527 | ||
18528 | @example | |
18529 | :0 HD : | |
18530 | * ^X-Diary | |
18531 | .nndiary | |
18532 | @end example | |
18533 | @end itemize | |
18534 | ||
18535 | Once this is done, you might want to customize the following two options | |
18536 | that affect the diary mail retrieval and splitting processes: | |
18537 | ||
18538 | @defvar nndiary-mail-sources | |
18539 | This is the diary-specific replacement for the standard | |
18540 | @code{mail-sources} variable. It obeys the same syntax, and defaults to | |
18541 | @code{(file :path "~/.nndiary")}. | |
18542 | @end defvar | |
18543 | ||
18544 | @defvar nndiary-split-methods | |
18545 | This is the diary-specific replacement for the standard | |
18546 | @code{nnmail-split-methods} variable. It obeys the same syntax. | |
18547 | @end defvar | |
18548 | ||
18549 | Finally, you may add a permanent @code{nndiary} virtual server | |
18550 | (something like @code{(nndiary "diary")} should do) to your | |
18551 | @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods}. | |
18552 | ||
18553 | Hopefully, almost everything (see the TODO section in | |
18554 | @file{nndiary.el}) will work as expected when you restart Gnus: in | |
18555 | autonomous mode, typing @kbd{g} and @kbd{M-g} in the group buffer, will | |
18556 | also get your new diary mails and split them according to your | |
18557 | diary-specific rules, @kbd{F} will find your new diary groups etc. | |
18558 | ||
18559 | @node Customizing NNDiary | |
18560 | @subsubsection Customizing NNDiary | |
18561 | @cindex customizing nndiary | |
18562 | @cindex nndiary customization | |
18563 | ||
18564 | Now that @code{nndiary} is up and running, it's time to customize it. | |
18565 | The custom group is called @code{nndiary} (no, really ?!). You should | |
18566 | browse it to figure out which options you'd like to tweak. The following | |
18567 | two variables are probably the only ones you will want to change: | |
18568 | ||
18569 | @defvar nndiary-reminders | |
18570 | This is the list of times when you want to be reminded of your | |
18571 | appointments (e.g. 3 weeks before, then 2 days before, then 1 hour | |
18572 | before and that's it). Remember that ``being reminded'' means that the | |
18573 | diary message will pop up as brand new and unread again when you get new | |
18574 | mail. | |
18575 | @end defvar | |
18576 | ||
18577 | @defvar nndiary-week-starts-on-monday | |
18578 | Rather self-explanatory. Otherwise, Sunday is assumed (this is the | |
18579 | default). | |
18580 | @end defvar | |
18581 | ||
18582 | ||
18583 | @node The Gnus Diary Library | |
18584 | @subsection The Gnus Diary Library | |
18585 | @cindex gnus-diary | |
18586 | @cindex the gnus diary library | |
18587 | ||
18588 | Using @code{nndiary} manually (I mean, writing the headers by hand and | |
18589 | so on) would be rather boring. Fortunately, there is a library called | |
18590 | @code{gnus-diary} written on top of @code{nndiary}, that does many | |
18591 | useful things for you. | |
18592 | ||
18593 | In order to use it, add the following line to your @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
18594 | ||
18595 | @lisp | |
18596 | (require 'gnus-diary) | |
18597 | @end lisp | |
18598 | ||
18599 | Also, you shouldn't use any @code{gnus-user-format-function-[d|D]} | |
18600 | (@pxref{Summary Buffer Lines}). @code{gnus-diary} provides both of these | |
18601 | (sorry if you used them before). | |
18602 | ||
18603 | ||
18604 | @menu | |
18605 | * Diary Summary Line Format:: A nicer summary buffer line format. | |
18606 | * Diary Articles Sorting:: A nicer way to sort messages. | |
18607 | * Diary Headers Generation:: Not doing it manually. | |
18608 | * Diary Group Parameters:: Not handling them manually. | |
18609 | @end menu | |
18610 | ||
18611 | @node Diary Summary Line Format | |
18612 | @subsubsection Diary Summary Line Format | |
18613 | @cindex diary summary buffer line | |
18614 | @cindex diary summary line format | |
18615 | ||
18616 | Displaying diary messages in standard summary line format (usually | |
18617 | something like @samp{From Joe: Subject}) is pretty useless. Most of | |
18618 | the time, you're the one who wrote the message, and you mostly want to | |
18619 | see the event's date. | |
18620 | ||
18621 | @code{gnus-diary} provides two supplemental user formats to be used in | |
18622 | summary line formats. @code{D} corresponds to a formatted time string | |
18623 | for the next occurrence of the event (e.g. ``Sat, Sep 22 01, 12:00''), | |
18624 | while @code{d} corresponds to an approximative remaining time until the | |
18625 | next occurrence of the event (e.g. ``in 6 months, 1 week''). | |
18626 | ||
18627 | For example, here's how Joe's birthday is displayed in my | |
18628 | @code{nndiary+diary:birthdays} summary buffer (note that the message is | |
18629 | expirable, but will never be deleted, as it specifies a periodic event): | |
18630 | ||
18631 | @example | |
18632 | E Sat, Sep 22 01, 12:00: Joe's birthday (in 6 months, 1 week) | |
18633 | @end example | |
18634 | ||
18635 | In order to get something like the above, you would normally add the | |
18636 | following line to your diary groups'parameters: | |
18637 | ||
18638 | @lisp | |
18639 | (gnus-summary-line-format "%U%R%z %uD: %(%s%) (%ud)\n") | |
18640 | @end lisp | |
18641 | ||
18642 | However, @code{gnus-diary} does it automatically (@pxref{Diary Group | |
18643 | Parameters}). You can however customize the provided summary line format | |
18644 | with the following user options: | |
18645 | ||
18646 | @defvar gnus-diary-summary-line-format | |
18647 | Defines the summary line format used for diary groups (@pxref{Summary | |
18648 | Buffer Lines}). @code{gnus-diary} uses it to automatically update the | |
18649 | diary groups'parameters. | |
18650 | @end defvar | |
18651 | ||
18652 | @defvar gnus-diary-time-format | |
18653 | Defines the format to display dates in diary summary buffers. This is | |
18654 | used by the @code{D} user format. See the docstring for details. | |
18655 | @end defvar | |
18656 | ||
18657 | @defvar gnus-diary-delay-format-function | |
18658 | Defines the format function to use for displaying delays (remaining | |
18659 | times) in diary summary buffers. This is used by the @code{d} user | |
18660 | format. There are currently built-in functions for English and French; | |
18661 | you can also define your own. See the docstring for details. | |
18662 | @end defvar | |
18663 | ||
18664 | @node Diary Articles Sorting | |
18665 | @subsubsection Diary Articles Sorting | |
18666 | @cindex diary articles sorting | |
18667 | @cindex diary summary lines sorting | |
18668 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-schedule | |
18669 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-schedule | |
18670 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-schedule | |
18671 | ||
18672 | @code{gnus-diary} provides new sorting functions (@pxref{Sorting the | |
18673 | Summary Buffer} ) called @code{gnus-summary-sort-by-schedule}, | |
18674 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-schedule} and | |
18675 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-schedule}. These functions let you organize | |
18676 | your diary summary buffers from the closest event to the farthest one. | |
18677 | ||
18678 | @code{gnus-diary} automatically installs | |
18679 | @code{gnus-summary-sort-by-schedule} as a menu item in the summary | |
18680 | buffer's ``sort'' menu, and the two others as the primary (hence | |
18681 | default) sorting functions in the group parameters (@pxref{Diary Group | |
18682 | Parameters}). | |
18683 | ||
18684 | @node Diary Headers Generation | |
18685 | @subsubsection Diary Headers Generation | |
18686 | @cindex diary headers generation | |
18687 | @findex gnus-diary-check-message | |
18688 | ||
18689 | @code{gnus-diary} provides a function called | |
18690 | @code{gnus-diary-check-message} to help you handle the @code{X-Diary-*} | |
18691 | headers. This function ensures that the current message contains all the | |
18692 | required diary headers, and prompts you for values or corrections if | |
18693 | needed. | |
18694 | ||
18695 | This function is hooked into the @code{nndiary} back end, so that | |
18696 | moving or copying an article to a diary group will trigger it | |
d55fe5bb MB |
18697 | automatically. It is also bound to @kbd{C-c C-f d} in |
18698 | @code{message-mode} and @code{article-edit-mode} in order to ease the | |
18699 | process of converting a usual mail to a diary one. | |
4009494e GM |
18700 | |
18701 | This function takes a prefix argument which will force prompting of | |
18702 | all diary headers, regardless of their presence or validity. That way, | |
18703 | you can very easily reschedule an already valid diary message, for | |
18704 | instance. | |
18705 | ||
18706 | @node Diary Group Parameters | |
18707 | @subsubsection Diary Group Parameters | |
18708 | @cindex diary group parameters | |
18709 | ||
18710 | When you create a new diary group, or visit one, @code{gnus-diary} | |
18711 | automatically checks your group parameters and if needed, sets the | |
18712 | summary line format to the diary-specific value, installs the | |
18713 | diary-specific sorting functions, and also adds the different | |
18714 | @code{X-Diary-*} headers to the group's posting-style. It is then easier | |
18715 | to send a diary message, because if you use @kbd{C-u a} or @kbd{C-u m} | |
18716 | on a diary group to prepare a message, these headers will be inserted | |
18717 | automatically (although not filled with proper values yet). | |
18718 | ||
18719 | @node Sending or Not Sending | |
18720 | @subsection Sending or Not Sending | |
18721 | ||
18722 | Well, assuming you've read all of the above, here are two final notes on | |
18723 | mail sending with @code{nndiary}: | |
18724 | ||
18725 | @itemize @bullet | |
18726 | @item | |
18727 | @code{nndiary} is a @emph{real} mail back end. You really send real diary | |
18728 | messsages for real. This means for instance that you can give | |
18729 | appointments to anybody (provided they use Gnus and @code{nndiary}) by | |
18730 | sending the diary message to them as well. | |
18731 | @item | |
18732 | However, since @code{nndiary} also has a @code{request-post} method, you | |
18733 | can also use @kbd{C-u a} instead of @kbd{C-u m} on a diary group and the | |
18734 | message won't actually be sent; just stored locally in the group. This | |
18735 | comes in very handy for private appointments. | |
18736 | @end itemize | |
18737 | ||
18738 | @node Gnus Unplugged | |
18739 | @section Gnus Unplugged | |
18740 | @cindex offline | |
18741 | @cindex unplugged | |
18742 | @cindex agent | |
18743 | @cindex Gnus agent | |
18744 | @cindex Gnus unplugged | |
18745 | ||
18746 | In olden times (ca. February '88), people used to run their newsreaders | |
18747 | on big machines with permanent connections to the net. News transport | |
18748 | was dealt with by news servers, and all the newsreaders had to do was to | |
18749 | read news. Believe it or not. | |
18750 | ||
18751 | Nowadays most people read news and mail at home, and use some sort of | |
18752 | modem to connect to the net. To avoid running up huge phone bills, it | |
18753 | would be nice to have a way to slurp down all the news and mail, hang up | |
18754 | the phone, read for several hours, and then upload any responses you | |
18755 | have to make. And then you repeat the procedure. | |
18756 | ||
18757 | Of course, you can use news servers for doing this as well. I've used | |
18758 | @code{inn} together with @code{slurp}, @code{pop} and @code{sendmail} | |
18759 | for some years, but doing that's a bore. Moving the news server | |
18760 | functionality up to the newsreader makes sense if you're the only person | |
18761 | reading news on a machine. | |
18762 | ||
18763 | Setting up Gnus as an ``offline'' newsreader is quite simple. In | |
01c52d31 MB |
18764 | fact, you don't have to configure anything as the agent is now enabled |
18765 | by default (@pxref{Agent Variables, gnus-agent}). | |
4009494e GM |
18766 | |
18767 | Of course, to use it as such, you have to learn a few new commands. | |
18768 | ||
18769 | @menu | |
18770 | * Agent Basics:: How it all is supposed to work. | |
18771 | * Agent Categories:: How to tell the Gnus Agent what to download. | |
18772 | * Agent Commands:: New commands for all the buffers. | |
18773 | * Agent Visuals:: Ways that the agent may effect your summary buffer. | |
18774 | * Agent as Cache:: The Agent is a big cache too. | |
18775 | * Agent Expiry:: How to make old articles go away. | |
18776 | * Agent Regeneration:: How to recover from lost connections and other accidents. | |
01c52d31 | 18777 | * Agent and flags:: How the Agent maintains flags. |
4009494e GM |
18778 | * Agent and IMAP:: How to use the Agent with @acronym{IMAP}. |
18779 | * Outgoing Messages:: What happens when you post/mail something? | |
18780 | * Agent Variables:: Customizing is fun. | |
18781 | * Example Setup:: An example @file{~/.gnus.el} file for offline people. | |
18782 | * Batching Agents:: How to fetch news from a @code{cron} job. | |
18783 | * Agent Caveats:: What you think it'll do and what it does. | |
18784 | @end menu | |
18785 | ||
18786 | ||
18787 | @node Agent Basics | |
18788 | @subsection Agent Basics | |
18789 | ||
18790 | First, let's get some terminology out of the way. | |
18791 | ||
18792 | The Gnus Agent is said to be @dfn{unplugged} when you have severed the | |
18793 | connection to the net (and notified the Agent that this is the case). | |
18794 | When the connection to the net is up again (and Gnus knows this), the | |
18795 | Agent is @dfn{plugged}. | |
18796 | ||
18797 | The @dfn{local} machine is the one you're running on, and which isn't | |
18798 | connected to the net continuously. | |
18799 | ||
18800 | @dfn{Downloading} means fetching things from the net to your local | |
18801 | machine. @dfn{Uploading} is doing the opposite. | |
18802 | ||
18803 | You know that Gnus gives you all the opportunity you'd ever want for | |
18804 | shooting yourself in the foot. Some people call it flexibility. Gnus | |
18805 | is also customizable to a great extent, which means that the user has a | |
18806 | say on how Gnus behaves. Other newsreaders might unconditionally shoot | |
18807 | you in your foot, but with Gnus, you have a choice! | |
18808 | ||
18809 | Gnus is never really in plugged or unplugged state. Rather, it applies | |
18810 | that state to each server individually. This means that some servers | |
18811 | can be plugged while others can be unplugged. Additionally, some | |
18812 | servers can be ignored by the Agent altogether (which means that | |
18813 | they're kinda like plugged always). | |
18814 | ||
18815 | So when you unplug the Agent and then wonder why is Gnus opening a | |
18816 | connection to the Net, the next step to do is to look whether all | |
18817 | servers are agentized. If there is an unagentized server, you found | |
18818 | the culprit. | |
18819 | ||
18820 | Another thing is the @dfn{offline} state. Sometimes, servers aren't | |
18821 | reachable. When Gnus notices this, it asks you whether you want the | |
18822 | server to be switched to offline state. If you say yes, then the | |
18823 | server will behave somewhat as if it was unplugged, except that Gnus | |
18824 | will ask you whether you want to switch it back online again. | |
18825 | ||
18826 | Let's take a typical Gnus session using the Agent. | |
18827 | ||
18828 | @itemize @bullet | |
18829 | ||
18830 | @item | |
18831 | @findex gnus-unplugged | |
18832 | You start Gnus with @code{gnus-unplugged}. This brings up the Gnus | |
18833 | Agent in a disconnected state. You can read all the news that you have | |
18834 | already fetched while in this mode. | |
18835 | ||
18836 | @item | |
18837 | You then decide to see whether any new news has arrived. You connect | |
18838 | your machine to the net (using PPP or whatever), and then hit @kbd{J j} | |
18839 | to make Gnus become @dfn{plugged} and use @kbd{g} to check for new mail | |
18840 | as usual. To check for new mail in unplugged mode (@pxref{Mail | |
18841 | Source Specifiers}). | |
18842 | ||
18843 | @item | |
18844 | You can then read the new news immediately, or you can download the | |
18845 | news onto your local machine. If you want to do the latter, you press | |
18846 | @kbd{g} to check if there are any new news and then @kbd{J s} to fetch | |
18847 | all the eligible articles in all the groups. (To let Gnus know which | |
18848 | articles you want to download, @pxref{Agent Categories}). | |
18849 | ||
18850 | @item | |
18851 | After fetching the articles, you press @kbd{J j} to make Gnus become | |
18852 | unplugged again, and you shut down the PPP thing (or whatever). And | |
18853 | then you read the news offline. | |
18854 | ||
18855 | @item | |
18856 | And then you go to step 2. | |
18857 | @end itemize | |
18858 | ||
18859 | Here are some things you should do the first time (or so) that you use | |
18860 | the Agent. | |
18861 | ||
18862 | @itemize @bullet | |
18863 | ||
18864 | @item | |
18865 | Decide which servers should be covered by the Agent. If you have a mail | |
18866 | back end, it would probably be nonsensical to have it covered by the | |
18867 | Agent. Go to the server buffer (@kbd{^} in the group buffer) and press | |
18868 | @kbd{J a} on the server (or servers) that you wish to have covered by the | |
18869 | Agent (@pxref{Server Agent Commands}), or @kbd{J r} on automatically | |
18870 | added servers you do not wish to have covered by the Agent. By default, | |
18871 | all @code{nntp} and @code{nnimap} servers in @code{gnus-select-method} and | |
18872 | @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods} are agentized. | |
18873 | ||
18874 | @item | |
18875 | Decide on download policy. It's fairly simple once you decide whether | |
18876 | you are going to use agent categories, topic parameters, and/or group | |
18877 | parameters to implement your policy. If you're new to gnus, it | |
18878 | is probably best to start with a category, @xref{Agent Categories}. | |
18879 | ||
18880 | Both topic parameters (@pxref{Topic Parameters}) and agent categories | |
18881 | (@pxref{Agent Categories}) provide for setting a policy that applies | |
18882 | to multiple groups. Which you use is entirely up to you. Topic | |
18883 | parameters do override categories so, if you mix the two, you'll have | |
18884 | to take that into account. If you have a few groups that deviate from | |
18885 | your policy, you can use group parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}) to | |
18886 | configure them. | |
18887 | ||
18888 | @item | |
18889 | Uhm@dots{} that's it. | |
18890 | @end itemize | |
18891 | ||
18892 | ||
18893 | @node Agent Categories | |
18894 | @subsection Agent Categories | |
18895 | ||
18896 | One of the main reasons to integrate the news transport layer into the | |
18897 | newsreader is to allow greater control over what articles to download. | |
18898 | There's not much point in downloading huge amounts of articles, just to | |
18899 | find out that you're not interested in reading any of them. It's better | |
18900 | to be somewhat more conservative in choosing what to download, and then | |
18901 | mark the articles for downloading manually if it should turn out that | |
18902 | you're interested in the articles anyway. | |
18903 | ||
18904 | One of the more effective methods for controlling what is to be | |
18905 | downloaded is to create a @dfn{category} and then assign some (or all) | |
18906 | groups to this category. Groups that do not belong in any other | |
18907 | category belong to the @code{default} category. Gnus has its own | |
18908 | buffer for creating and managing categories. | |
18909 | ||
18910 | If you prefer, you can also use group parameters (@pxref{Group | |
18911 | Parameters}) and topic parameters (@pxref{Topic Parameters}) for an | |
18912 | alternative approach to controlling the agent. The only real | |
18913 | difference is that categories are specific to the agent (so there is | |
18914 | less to learn) while group and topic parameters include the kitchen | |
18915 | sink. | |
18916 | ||
18917 | Since you can set agent parameters in several different places we have | |
18918 | a rule to decide which source to believe. This rule specifies that | |
18919 | the parameter sources are checked in the following order: group | |
18920 | parameters, topic parameters, agent category, and finally customizable | |
18921 | variables. So you can mix all of these sources to produce a wide range | |
18922 | of behavior, just don't blame me if you don't remember where you put | |
18923 | your settings. | |
18924 | ||
18925 | @menu | |
18926 | * Category Syntax:: What a category looks like. | |
18927 | * Category Buffer:: A buffer for maintaining categories. | |
18928 | * Category Variables:: Customize'r'Us. | |
18929 | @end menu | |
18930 | ||
18931 | ||
18932 | @node Category Syntax | |
18933 | @subsubsection Category Syntax | |
18934 | ||
18935 | A category consists of a name, the list of groups belonging to the | |
18936 | category, and a number of optional parameters that override the | |
18937 | customizable variables. The complete list of agent parameters are | |
18938 | listed below. | |
18939 | ||
18940 | @cindex Agent Parameters | |
18941 | @table @code | |
01c52d31 | 18942 | @item agent-groups |
4009494e GM |
18943 | The list of groups that are in this category. |
18944 | ||
01c52d31 | 18945 | @item agent-predicate |
4009494e GM |
18946 | A predicate which (generally) gives a rough outline of which articles |
18947 | are eligible for downloading; and | |
18948 | ||
01c52d31 | 18949 | @item agent-score |
4009494e GM |
18950 | a score rule which (generally) gives you a finer granularity when |
18951 | deciding what articles to download. (Note that this @dfn{download | |
18952 | score} is not necessarily related to normal scores.) | |
18953 | ||
01c52d31 | 18954 | @item agent-enable-expiration |
4009494e GM |
18955 | a boolean indicating whether the agent should expire old articles in |
18956 | this group. Most groups should be expired to conserve disk space. In | |
18957 | fact, its probably safe to say that the gnus.* hierarchy contains the | |
18958 | only groups that should not be expired. | |
18959 | ||
01c52d31 | 18960 | @item agent-days-until-old |
4009494e GM |
18961 | an integer indicating the number of days that the agent should wait |
18962 | before deciding that a read article is safe to expire. | |
18963 | ||
01c52d31 | 18964 | @item agent-low-score |
4009494e GM |
18965 | an integer that overrides the value of @code{gnus-agent-low-score}. |
18966 | ||
01c52d31 | 18967 | @item agent-high-score |
4009494e GM |
18968 | an integer that overrides the value of @code{gnus-agent-high-score}. |
18969 | ||
01c52d31 | 18970 | @item agent-short-article |
4009494e GM |
18971 | an integer that overrides the value of |
18972 | @code{gnus-agent-short-article}. | |
18973 | ||
01c52d31 | 18974 | @item agent-long-article |
4009494e GM |
18975 | an integer that overrides the value of @code{gnus-agent-long-article}. |
18976 | ||
01c52d31 | 18977 | @item agent-enable-undownloaded-faces |
4009494e | 18978 | a symbol indicating whether the summary buffer should display |
01c52d31 MB |
18979 | undownloaded articles using the @code{gnus-summary-*-undownloaded-face} |
18980 | faces. Any symbol other than @code{nil} will enable the use of | |
18981 | undownloaded faces. | |
4009494e GM |
18982 | @end table |
18983 | ||
18984 | The name of a category can not be changed once the category has been | |
18985 | created. | |
18986 | ||
18987 | Each category maintains a list of groups that are exclusive members of | |
18988 | that category. The exclusivity rule is automatically enforced, add a | |
18989 | group to a new category and it is automatically removed from its old | |
18990 | category. | |
18991 | ||
18992 | A predicate in its simplest form can be a single predicate such as | |
18993 | @code{true} or @code{false}. These two will download every available | |
18994 | article or nothing respectively. In the case of these two special | |
18995 | predicates an additional score rule is superfluous. | |
18996 | ||
18997 | Predicates of @code{high} or @code{low} download articles in respect of | |
18998 | their scores in relationship to @code{gnus-agent-high-score} and | |
18999 | @code{gnus-agent-low-score} as described below. | |
19000 | ||
19001 | To gain even finer control of what is to be regarded eligible for | |
19002 | download a predicate can consist of a number of predicates with logical | |
19003 | operators sprinkled in between. | |
19004 | ||
19005 | Perhaps some examples are in order. | |
19006 | ||
19007 | Here's a simple predicate. (It's the default predicate, in fact, used | |
19008 | for all groups that don't belong to any other category.) | |
19009 | ||
19010 | @lisp | |
19011 | short | |
19012 | @end lisp | |
19013 | ||
19014 | Quite simple, eh? This predicate is true if and only if the article is | |
19015 | short (for some value of ``short''). | |
19016 | ||
19017 | Here's a more complex predicate: | |
19018 | ||
19019 | @lisp | |
19020 | (or high | |
19021 | (and | |
19022 | (not low) | |
19023 | (not long))) | |
19024 | @end lisp | |
19025 | ||
19026 | This means that an article should be downloaded if it has a high score, | |
19027 | or if the score is not low and the article is not long. You get the | |
19028 | drift. | |
19029 | ||
19030 | The available logical operators are @code{or}, @code{and} and | |
19031 | @code{not}. (If you prefer, you can use the more ``C''-ish operators | |
19032 | @samp{|}, @code{&} and @code{!} instead.) | |
19033 | ||
19034 | The following predicates are pre-defined, but if none of these fit what | |
19035 | you want to do, you can write your own. | |
19036 | ||
19037 | When evaluating each of these predicates, the named constant will be | |
19038 | bound to the value determined by calling | |
19039 | @code{gnus-agent-find-parameter} on the appropriate parameter. For | |
19040 | example, gnus-agent-short-article will be bound to | |
19041 | @code{(gnus-agent-find-parameter group 'agent-short-article)}. This | |
19042 | means that you can specify a predicate in your category then tune that | |
19043 | predicate to individual groups. | |
19044 | ||
19045 | @table @code | |
19046 | @item short | |
19047 | True if the article is shorter than @code{gnus-agent-short-article} | |
19048 | lines; default 100. | |
19049 | ||
19050 | @item long | |
19051 | True if the article is longer than @code{gnus-agent-long-article} | |
19052 | lines; default 200. | |
19053 | ||
19054 | @item low | |
19055 | True if the article has a download score less than | |
19056 | @code{gnus-agent-low-score}; default 0. | |
19057 | ||
19058 | @item high | |
19059 | True if the article has a download score greater than | |
19060 | @code{gnus-agent-high-score}; default 0. | |
19061 | ||
19062 | @item spam | |
19063 | True if the Gnus Agent guesses that the article is spam. The | |
19064 | heuristics may change over time, but at present it just computes a | |
19065 | checksum and sees whether articles match. | |
19066 | ||
19067 | @item true | |
19068 | Always true. | |
19069 | ||
19070 | @item false | |
19071 | Always false. | |
19072 | @end table | |
19073 | ||
19074 | If you want to create your own predicate function, here's what you have | |
19075 | to know: The functions are called with no parameters, but the | |
19076 | @code{gnus-headers} and @code{gnus-score} dynamic variables are bound to | |
19077 | useful values. | |
19078 | ||
19079 | For example, you could decide that you don't want to download articles | |
19080 | that were posted more than a certain number of days ago (e.g. posted | |
19081 | more than @code{gnus-agent-expire-days} ago) you might write a function | |
19082 | something along the lines of the following: | |
19083 | ||
19084 | @lisp | |
19085 | (defun my-article-old-p () | |
19086 | "Say whether an article is old." | |
19087 | (< (time-to-days (date-to-time (mail-header-date gnus-headers))) | |
19088 | (- (time-to-days (current-time)) gnus-agent-expire-days))) | |
19089 | @end lisp | |
19090 | ||
19091 | with the predicate then defined as: | |
19092 | ||
19093 | @lisp | |
19094 | (not my-article-old-p) | |
19095 | @end lisp | |
19096 | ||
19097 | or you could append your predicate to the predefined | |
19098 | @code{gnus-category-predicate-alist} in your @file{~/.gnus.el} or | |
19099 | wherever. | |
19100 | ||
19101 | @lisp | |
19102 | (require 'gnus-agent) | |
19103 | (setq gnus-category-predicate-alist | |
19104 | (append gnus-category-predicate-alist | |
19105 | '((old . my-article-old-p)))) | |
19106 | @end lisp | |
19107 | ||
19108 | and simply specify your predicate as: | |
19109 | ||
19110 | @lisp | |
19111 | (not old) | |
19112 | @end lisp | |
19113 | ||
19114 | If/when using something like the above, be aware that there are many | |
19115 | misconfigured systems/mailers out there and so an article's date is not | |
19116 | always a reliable indication of when it was posted. Hell, some people | |
19117 | just don't give a damn. | |
19118 | ||
19119 | The above predicates apply to @emph{all} the groups which belong to the | |
19120 | category. However, if you wish to have a specific predicate for an | |
19121 | individual group within a category, or you're just too lazy to set up a | |
19122 | new category, you can enter a group's individual predicate in its group | |
19123 | parameters like so: | |
19124 | ||
19125 | @lisp | |
19126 | (agent-predicate . short) | |
19127 | @end lisp | |
19128 | ||
19129 | This is the group/topic parameter equivalent of the agent category default. | |
19130 | Note that when specifying a single word predicate like this, the | |
19131 | @code{agent-predicate} specification must be in dotted pair notation. | |
19132 | ||
19133 | The equivalent of the longer example from above would be: | |
19134 | ||
19135 | @lisp | |
19136 | (agent-predicate or high (and (not low) (not long))) | |
19137 | @end lisp | |
19138 | ||
19139 | The outer parenthesis required in the category specification are not | |
19140 | entered here as, not being in dotted pair notation, the value of the | |
19141 | predicate is assumed to be a list. | |
19142 | ||
19143 | ||
19144 | Now, the syntax of the download score is the same as the syntax of | |
19145 | normal score files, except that all elements that require actually | |
19146 | seeing the article itself are verboten. This means that only the | |
19147 | following headers can be scored on: @code{Subject}, @code{From}, | |
19148 | @code{Date}, @code{Message-ID}, @code{References}, @code{Chars}, | |
19149 | @code{Lines}, and @code{Xref}. | |
19150 | ||
19151 | As with predicates, the specification of the @code{download score rule} | |
19152 | to use in respect of a group can be in either the category definition if | |
19153 | it's to be applicable to all groups in therein, or a group's parameters | |
19154 | if it's to be specific to that group. | |
19155 | ||
19156 | In both of these places the @code{download score rule} can take one of | |
19157 | three forms: | |
19158 | ||
19159 | @enumerate | |
19160 | @item | |
19161 | Score rule | |
19162 | ||
19163 | This has the same syntax as a normal Gnus score file except only a | |
19164 | subset of scoring keywords are available as mentioned above. | |
19165 | ||
19166 | example: | |
19167 | ||
19168 | @itemize @bullet | |
19169 | @item | |
19170 | Category specification | |
19171 | ||
19172 | @lisp | |
19173 | (("from" | |
19174 | ("Lars Ingebrigtsen" 1000000 nil s)) | |
19175 | ("lines" | |
19176 | (500 -100 nil <))) | |
19177 | @end lisp | |
19178 | ||
19179 | @item | |
19180 | Group/Topic Parameter specification | |
19181 | ||
19182 | @lisp | |
19183 | (agent-score ("from" | |
19184 | ("Lars Ingebrigtsen" 1000000 nil s)) | |
19185 | ("lines" | |
19186 | (500 -100 nil <))) | |
19187 | @end lisp | |
19188 | ||
19189 | Again, note the omission of the outermost parenthesis here. | |
19190 | @end itemize | |
19191 | ||
19192 | @item | |
19193 | Agent score file | |
19194 | ||
19195 | These score files must @emph{only} contain the permitted scoring | |
19196 | keywords stated above. | |
19197 | ||
19198 | example: | |
19199 | ||
19200 | @itemize @bullet | |
19201 | @item | |
19202 | Category specification | |
19203 | ||
19204 | @lisp | |
19205 | ("~/News/agent.SCORE") | |
19206 | @end lisp | |
19207 | ||
19208 | or perhaps | |
19209 | ||
19210 | @lisp | |
19211 | ("~/News/agent.SCORE" "~/News/agent.group.SCORE") | |
19212 | @end lisp | |
19213 | ||
19214 | @item | |
19215 | Group Parameter specification | |
19216 | ||
19217 | @lisp | |
19218 | (agent-score "~/News/agent.SCORE") | |
19219 | @end lisp | |
19220 | ||
19221 | Additional score files can be specified as above. Need I say anything | |
19222 | about parenthesis? | |
19223 | @end itemize | |
19224 | ||
19225 | @item | |
19226 | Use @code{normal} score files | |
19227 | ||
19228 | If you don't want to maintain two sets of scoring rules for a group, and | |
19229 | your desired @code{downloading} criteria for a group are the same as your | |
19230 | @code{reading} criteria then you can tell the agent to refer to your | |
19231 | @code{normal} score files when deciding what to download. | |
19232 | ||
19233 | These directives in either the category definition or a group's | |
19234 | parameters will cause the agent to read in all the applicable score | |
19235 | files for a group, @emph{filtering out} those sections that do not | |
19236 | relate to one of the permitted subset of scoring keywords. | |
19237 | ||
19238 | @itemize @bullet | |
19239 | @item | |
19240 | Category Specification | |
19241 | ||
19242 | @lisp | |
19243 | file | |
19244 | @end lisp | |
19245 | ||
19246 | @item | |
19247 | Group Parameter specification | |
19248 | ||
19249 | @lisp | |
19250 | (agent-score . file) | |
19251 | @end lisp | |
19252 | @end itemize | |
19253 | @end enumerate | |
19254 | ||
19255 | @node Category Buffer | |
19256 | @subsubsection Category Buffer | |
19257 | ||
19258 | You'd normally do all category maintenance from the category buffer. | |
19259 | When you enter it for the first time (with the @kbd{J c} command from | |
19260 | the group buffer), you'll only see the @code{default} category. | |
19261 | ||
19262 | The following commands are available in this buffer: | |
19263 | ||
19264 | @table @kbd | |
19265 | @item q | |
19266 | @kindex q (Category) | |
19267 | @findex gnus-category-exit | |
19268 | Return to the group buffer (@code{gnus-category-exit}). | |
19269 | ||
19270 | @item e | |
19271 | @kindex e (Category) | |
19272 | @findex gnus-category-customize-category | |
19273 | Use a customization buffer to set all of the selected category's | |
19274 | parameters at one time (@code{gnus-category-customize-category}). | |
19275 | ||
19276 | @item k | |
19277 | @kindex k (Category) | |
19278 | @findex gnus-category-kill | |
19279 | Kill the current category (@code{gnus-category-kill}). | |
19280 | ||
19281 | @item c | |
19282 | @kindex c (Category) | |
19283 | @findex gnus-category-copy | |
19284 | Copy the current category (@code{gnus-category-copy}). | |
19285 | ||
19286 | @item a | |
19287 | @kindex a (Category) | |
19288 | @findex gnus-category-add | |
19289 | Add a new category (@code{gnus-category-add}). | |
19290 | ||
19291 | @item p | |
19292 | @kindex p (Category) | |
19293 | @findex gnus-category-edit-predicate | |
19294 | Edit the predicate of the current category | |
19295 | (@code{gnus-category-edit-predicate}). | |
19296 | ||
19297 | @item g | |
19298 | @kindex g (Category) | |
19299 | @findex gnus-category-edit-groups | |
19300 | Edit the list of groups belonging to the current category | |
19301 | (@code{gnus-category-edit-groups}). | |
19302 | ||
19303 | @item s | |
19304 | @kindex s (Category) | |
19305 | @findex gnus-category-edit-score | |
19306 | Edit the download score rule of the current category | |
19307 | (@code{gnus-category-edit-score}). | |
19308 | ||
19309 | @item l | |
19310 | @kindex l (Category) | |
19311 | @findex gnus-category-list | |
19312 | List all the categories (@code{gnus-category-list}). | |
19313 | @end table | |
19314 | ||
19315 | ||
19316 | @node Category Variables | |
19317 | @subsubsection Category Variables | |
19318 | ||
19319 | @table @code | |
19320 | @item gnus-category-mode-hook | |
19321 | @vindex gnus-category-mode-hook | |
19322 | Hook run in category buffers. | |
19323 | ||
19324 | @item gnus-category-line-format | |
19325 | @vindex gnus-category-line-format | |
19326 | Format of the lines in the category buffer (@pxref{Formatting | |
19327 | Variables}). Valid elements are: | |
19328 | ||
19329 | @table @samp | |
19330 | @item c | |
19331 | The name of the category. | |
19332 | ||
19333 | @item g | |
19334 | The number of groups in the category. | |
19335 | @end table | |
19336 | ||
19337 | @item gnus-category-mode-line-format | |
19338 | @vindex gnus-category-mode-line-format | |
19339 | Format of the category mode line (@pxref{Mode Line Formatting}). | |
19340 | ||
19341 | @item gnus-agent-short-article | |
19342 | @vindex gnus-agent-short-article | |
19343 | Articles that have fewer lines than this are short. Default 100. | |
19344 | ||
19345 | @item gnus-agent-long-article | |
19346 | @vindex gnus-agent-long-article | |
19347 | Articles that have more lines than this are long. Default 200. | |
19348 | ||
19349 | @item gnus-agent-low-score | |
19350 | @vindex gnus-agent-low-score | |
19351 | Articles that have a score lower than this have a low score. Default | |
19352 | 0. | |
19353 | ||
19354 | @item gnus-agent-high-score | |
19355 | @vindex gnus-agent-high-score | |
19356 | Articles that have a score higher than this have a high score. Default | |
19357 | 0. | |
19358 | ||
19359 | @item gnus-agent-expire-days | |
19360 | @vindex gnus-agent-expire-days | |
19361 | The number of days that a @samp{read} article must stay in the agent's | |
19362 | local disk before becoming eligible for expiration (While the name is | |
19363 | the same, this doesn't mean expiring the article on the server. It | |
19364 | just means deleting the local copy of the article). What is also | |
19365 | important to understand is that the counter starts with the time the | |
19366 | article was written to the local disk and not the time the article was | |
19367 | read. | |
19368 | Default 7. | |
19369 | ||
19370 | @item gnus-agent-enable-expiration | |
19371 | @vindex gnus-agent-enable-expiration | |
19372 | Determines whether articles in a group are, by default, expired or | |
19373 | retained indefinitely. The default is @code{ENABLE} which means that | |
19374 | you'll have to disable expiration when desired. On the other hand, | |
19375 | you could set this to @code{DISABLE}. In that case, you would then | |
19376 | have to enable expiration in selected groups. | |
19377 | ||
19378 | @end table | |
19379 | ||
19380 | ||
19381 | @node Agent Commands | |
19382 | @subsection Agent Commands | |
19383 | @findex gnus-agent-toggle-plugged | |
19384 | @kindex J j (Agent) | |
19385 | ||
19386 | All the Gnus Agent commands are on the @kbd{J} submap. The @kbd{J j} | |
19387 | (@code{gnus-agent-toggle-plugged}) command works in all modes, and | |
19388 | toggles the plugged/unplugged state of the Gnus Agent. | |
19389 | ||
19390 | ||
19391 | @menu | |
19392 | * Group Agent Commands:: Configure groups and fetch their contents. | |
19393 | * Summary Agent Commands:: Manually select then fetch specific articles. | |
19394 | * Server Agent Commands:: Select the servers that are supported by the agent. | |
19395 | @end menu | |
19396 | ||
19397 | ||
19398 | ||
19399 | ||
19400 | @node Group Agent Commands | |
19401 | @subsubsection Group Agent Commands | |
19402 | ||
19403 | @table @kbd | |
19404 | @item J u | |
19405 | @kindex J u (Agent Group) | |
19406 | @findex gnus-agent-fetch-groups | |
19407 | Fetch all eligible articles in the current group | |
19408 | (@code{gnus-agent-fetch-groups}). | |
19409 | ||
19410 | @item J c | |
19411 | @kindex J c (Agent Group) | |
19412 | @findex gnus-enter-category-buffer | |
19413 | Enter the Agent category buffer (@code{gnus-enter-category-buffer}). | |
19414 | ||
19415 | @item J s | |
19416 | @kindex J s (Agent Group) | |
19417 | @findex gnus-agent-fetch-session | |
19418 | Fetch all eligible articles in all groups | |
19419 | (@code{gnus-agent-fetch-session}). | |
19420 | ||
19421 | @item J S | |
19422 | @kindex J S (Agent Group) | |
19423 | @findex gnus-group-send-queue | |
19424 | Send all sendable messages in the queue group | |
19425 | (@code{gnus-group-send-queue}). @xref{Drafts}. | |
19426 | ||
19427 | @item J a | |
19428 | @kindex J a (Agent Group) | |
19429 | @findex gnus-agent-add-group | |
19430 | Add the current group to an Agent category | |
19431 | (@code{gnus-agent-add-group}). This command understands the | |
19432 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
19433 | ||
19434 | @item J r | |
19435 | @kindex J r (Agent Group) | |
19436 | @findex gnus-agent-remove-group | |
19437 | Remove the current group from its category, if any | |
19438 | (@code{gnus-agent-remove-group}). This command understands the | |
19439 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
19440 | ||
19441 | @item J Y | |
19442 | @kindex J Y (Agent Group) | |
19443 | @findex gnus-agent-synchronize-flags | |
19444 | Synchronize flags changed while unplugged with remote server, if any. | |
19445 | ||
19446 | ||
19447 | @end table | |
19448 | ||
19449 | ||
19450 | @node Summary Agent Commands | |
19451 | @subsubsection Summary Agent Commands | |
19452 | ||
19453 | @table @kbd | |
19454 | @item J # | |
19455 | @kindex J # (Agent Summary) | |
19456 | @findex gnus-agent-mark-article | |
19457 | Mark the article for downloading (@code{gnus-agent-mark-article}). | |
19458 | ||
19459 | @item J M-# | |
19460 | @kindex J M-# (Agent Summary) | |
19461 | @findex gnus-agent-unmark-article | |
19462 | Remove the downloading mark from the article | |
19463 | (@code{gnus-agent-unmark-article}). | |
19464 | ||
19465 | @cindex % | |
19466 | @item @@ | |
19467 | @kindex @@ (Agent Summary) | |
19468 | @findex gnus-agent-toggle-mark | |
19469 | Toggle whether to download the article | |
19470 | (@code{gnus-agent-toggle-mark}). The download mark is @samp{%} by | |
19471 | default. | |
19472 | ||
19473 | @item J c | |
19474 | @kindex J c (Agent Summary) | |
19475 | @findex gnus-agent-catchup | |
19476 | Mark all articles as read (@code{gnus-agent-catchup}) that are neither cached, downloaded, nor downloadable. | |
19477 | ||
19478 | @item J S | |
19479 | @kindex J S (Agent Summary) | |
19480 | @findex gnus-agent-fetch-group | |
19481 | Download all eligible (@pxref{Agent Categories}) articles in this group. | |
19482 | (@code{gnus-agent-fetch-group}). | |
19483 | ||
19484 | @item J s | |
19485 | @kindex J s (Agent Summary) | |
01c52d31 | 19486 | @findex gnus-agent-summary-fetch-series |
4009494e | 19487 | Download all processable articles in this group. |
01c52d31 | 19488 | (@code{gnus-agent-summary-fetch-series}). |
4009494e GM |
19489 | |
19490 | @item J u | |
19491 | @kindex J u (Agent Summary) | |
19492 | @findex gnus-agent-summary-fetch-group | |
19493 | Download all downloadable articles in the current group | |
19494 | (@code{gnus-agent-summary-fetch-group}). | |
19495 | ||
19496 | @end table | |
19497 | ||
19498 | ||
19499 | @node Server Agent Commands | |
19500 | @subsubsection Server Agent Commands | |
19501 | ||
19502 | @table @kbd | |
19503 | @item J a | |
19504 | @kindex J a (Agent Server) | |
19505 | @findex gnus-agent-add-server | |
19506 | Add the current server to the list of servers covered by the Gnus Agent | |
19507 | (@code{gnus-agent-add-server}). | |
19508 | ||
19509 | @item J r | |
19510 | @kindex J r (Agent Server) | |
19511 | @findex gnus-agent-remove-server | |
19512 | Remove the current server from the list of servers covered by the Gnus | |
19513 | Agent (@code{gnus-agent-remove-server}). | |
19514 | ||
19515 | @end table | |
19516 | ||
19517 | ||
19518 | @node Agent Visuals | |
19519 | @subsection Agent Visuals | |
19520 | ||
19521 | If you open a summary while unplugged and, Gnus knows from the group's | |
19522 | active range that there are more articles than the headers currently | |
19523 | stored in the Agent, you may see some articles whose subject looks | |
19524 | something like @samp{[Undownloaded article #####]}. These are | |
19525 | placeholders for the missing headers. Aside from setting a mark, | |
19526 | there is not much that can be done with one of these placeholders. | |
19527 | When Gnus finally gets a chance to fetch the group's headers, the | |
19528 | placeholders will automatically be replaced by the actual headers. | |
19529 | You can configure the summary buffer's maneuvering to skip over the | |
19530 | placeholders if you care (See @code{gnus-auto-goto-ignores}). | |
19531 | ||
19532 | While it may be obvious to all, the only headers and articles | |
19533 | available while unplugged are those headers and articles that were | |
19534 | fetched into the Agent while previously plugged. To put it another | |
19535 | way, ``If you forget to fetch something while plugged, you might have a | |
19536 | less than satisfying unplugged session''. For this reason, the Agent | |
19537 | adds two visual effects to your summary buffer. These effects display | |
19538 | the download status of each article so that you always know which | |
19539 | articles will be available when unplugged. | |
19540 | ||
19541 | The first visual effect is the @samp{%O} spec. If you customize | |
19542 | @code{gnus-summary-line-format} to include this specifier, you will add | |
19543 | a single character field that indicates an article's download status. | |
19544 | Articles that have been fetched into either the Agent or the Cache, | |
19545 | will display @code{gnus-downloaded-mark} (defaults to @samp{+}). All | |
19546 | other articles will display @code{gnus-undownloaded-mark} (defaults to | |
19547 | @samp{-}). If you open a group that has not been agentized, a space | |
19548 | (@samp{ }) will be displayed. | |
19549 | ||
19550 | The second visual effect are the undownloaded faces. The faces, there | |
19551 | are three indicating the article's score (low, normal, high), seem to | |
19552 | result in a love/hate response from many Gnus users. The problem is | |
19553 | that the face selection is controlled by a list of condition tests and | |
19554 | face names (See @code{gnus-summary-highlight}). Each condition is | |
19555 | tested in the order in which it appears in the list so early | |
19556 | conditions have precedence over later conditions. All of this means | |
19557 | that, if you tick an undownloaded article, the article will continue | |
19558 | to be displayed in the undownloaded face rather than the ticked face. | |
19559 | ||
19560 | If you use the Agent as a cache (to avoid downloading the same article | |
19561 | each time you visit it or to minimize your connection time), the | |
19562 | undownloaded face will probably seem like a good idea. The reason | |
19563 | being that you do all of our work (marking, reading, deleting) with | |
01c52d31 MB |
19564 | downloaded articles so the normal faces always appear. For those |
19565 | users using the agent to improve online performance by caching the NOV | |
19566 | database (most users since 5.10.2), the undownloaded faces may appear | |
19567 | to be an absolutely horrible idea. The issue being that, since none | |
19568 | of their articles have been fetched into the Agent, all of the | |
19569 | normal faces will be obscured by the undownloaded faces. | |
19570 | ||
19571 | If you would like to use the undownloaded faces, you must enable the | |
19572 | undownloaded faces by setting the @code{agent-enable-undownloaded-faces} | |
19573 | group parameter to @code{t}. This parameter, like all other agent | |
19574 | parameters, may be set on an Agent Category (@pxref{Agent Categories}), | |
19575 | a Group Topic (@pxref{Topic Parameters}), or an individual group | |
19576 | (@pxref{Group Parameters}). | |
19577 | ||
19578 | The one problem common to all users using the agent is how quickly it | |
19579 | can consume disk space. If you using the agent on many groups, it is | |
19580 | even more difficult to effectively recover disk space. One solution | |
19581 | is the @samp{%F} format available in @code{gnus-group-line-format}. | |
19582 | This format will display the actual disk space used by articles | |
19583 | fetched into both the agent and cache. By knowing which groups use | |
19584 | the most space, users know where to focus their efforts when ``agent | |
19585 | expiring'' articles. | |
4009494e GM |
19586 | |
19587 | @node Agent as Cache | |
19588 | @subsection Agent as Cache | |
19589 | ||
19590 | When Gnus is plugged, it is not efficient to download headers or | |
19591 | articles from the server again, if they are already stored in the | |
19592 | Agent. So, Gnus normally only downloads headers once, and stores them | |
19593 | in the Agent. These headers are later used when generating the summary | |
19594 | buffer, regardless of whether you are plugged or unplugged. Articles | |
19595 | are not cached in the Agent by default though (that would potentially | |
19596 | consume lots of disk space), but if you have already downloaded an | |
19597 | article into the Agent, Gnus will not download the article from the | |
19598 | server again but use the locally stored copy instead. | |
19599 | ||
19600 | If you so desire, you can configure the agent (see @code{gnus-agent-cache} | |
19601 | @pxref{Agent Variables}) to always download headers and articles while | |
19602 | plugged. Gnus will almost certainly be slower, but it will be kept | |
19603 | synchronized with the server. That last point probably won't make any | |
19604 | sense if you are using a nntp or nnimap back end. | |
19605 | ||
19606 | @node Agent Expiry | |
19607 | @subsection Agent Expiry | |
19608 | ||
19609 | @vindex gnus-agent-expire-days | |
19610 | @findex gnus-agent-expire | |
19611 | @kindex M-x gnus-agent-expire | |
19612 | @kindex M-x gnus-agent-expire-group | |
19613 | @findex gnus-agent-expire-group | |
19614 | @cindex agent expiry | |
19615 | @cindex Gnus agent expiry | |
19616 | @cindex expiry, in Gnus agent | |
19617 | ||
19618 | The Agent back end, @code{nnagent}, doesn't handle expiry. Well, at | |
19619 | least it doesn't handle it like other back ends. Instead, there are | |
19620 | special @code{gnus-agent-expire} and @code{gnus-agent-expire-group} | |
19621 | commands that will expire all read articles that are older than | |
19622 | @code{gnus-agent-expire-days} days. They can be run whenever you feel | |
19623 | that you're running out of space. Neither are particularly fast or | |
19624 | efficient, and it's not a particularly good idea to interrupt them (with | |
19625 | @kbd{C-g} or anything else) once you've started one of them. | |
19626 | ||
19627 | Note that other functions, e.g. @code{gnus-request-expire-articles}, | |
19628 | might run @code{gnus-agent-expire} for you to keep the agent | |
19629 | synchronized with the group. | |
19630 | ||
19631 | The agent parameter @code{agent-enable-expiration} may be used to | |
19632 | prevent expiration in selected groups. | |
19633 | ||
19634 | @vindex gnus-agent-expire-all | |
19635 | If @code{gnus-agent-expire-all} is non-@code{nil}, the agent | |
19636 | expiration commands will expire all articles---unread, read, ticked | |
19637 | and dormant. If @code{nil} (which is the default), only read articles | |
19638 | are eligible for expiry, and unread, ticked and dormant articles will | |
19639 | be kept indefinitely. | |
19640 | ||
19641 | If you find that some articles eligible for expiry are never expired, | |
19642 | perhaps some Gnus Agent files are corrupted. There's are special | |
19643 | commands, @code{gnus-agent-regenerate} and | |
19644 | @code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group}, to fix possible problems. | |
19645 | ||
19646 | @node Agent Regeneration | |
19647 | @subsection Agent Regeneration | |
19648 | ||
19649 | @cindex agent regeneration | |
19650 | @cindex Gnus agent regeneration | |
19651 | @cindex regeneration | |
19652 | ||
19653 | The local data structures used by @code{nnagent} may become corrupted | |
19654 | due to certain exceptional conditions. When this happens, | |
19655 | @code{nnagent} functionality may degrade or even fail. The solution | |
19656 | to this problem is to repair the local data structures by removing all | |
19657 | internal inconsistencies. | |
19658 | ||
19659 | For example, if your connection to your server is lost while | |
19660 | downloaded articles into the agent, the local data structures will not | |
19661 | know about articles successfully downloaded prior to the connection | |
19662 | failure. Running @code{gnus-agent-regenerate} or | |
19663 | @code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group} will update the data structures | |
19664 | such that you don't need to download these articles a second time. | |
19665 | ||
19666 | @findex gnus-agent-regenerate | |
19667 | @kindex M-x gnus-agent-regenerate | |
19668 | The command @code{gnus-agent-regenerate} will perform | |
19669 | @code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group} on every agentized group. While | |
19670 | you can run @code{gnus-agent-regenerate} in any buffer, it is strongly | |
19671 | recommended that you first close all summary buffers. | |
19672 | ||
19673 | @findex gnus-agent-regenerate-group | |
19674 | @kindex M-x gnus-agent-regenerate-group | |
19675 | The command @code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group} uses the local copies | |
19676 | of individual articles to repair the local @acronym{NOV}(header) database. It | |
19677 | then updates the internal data structures that document which articles | |
19678 | are stored locally. An optional argument will mark articles in the | |
19679 | agent as unread. | |
19680 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
19681 | @node Agent and flags |
19682 | @subsection Agent and flags | |
4009494e | 19683 | |
01c52d31 MB |
19684 | The Agent works with any Gnus back end including those, such as |
19685 | nnimap, that store flags (read, ticked, etc) on the server. Sadly, | |
19686 | the Agent does not actually know which backends keep their flags in | |
19687 | the backend server rather than in @file{.newsrc}. This means that the | |
19688 | Agent, while unplugged or disconnected, will always record all changes | |
19689 | to the flags in its own files. | |
4009494e | 19690 | |
01c52d31 MB |
19691 | When you plug back in, Gnus will then check to see if you have any |
19692 | changed any flags and ask if you wish to synchronize these with the | |
19693 | server. This behavior is customizable by @code{gnus-agent-synchronize-flags}. | |
4009494e GM |
19694 | |
19695 | @vindex gnus-agent-synchronize-flags | |
19696 | If @code{gnus-agent-synchronize-flags} is @code{nil}, the Agent will | |
19697 | never automatically synchronize flags. If it is @code{ask}, which is | |
19698 | the default, the Agent will check if you made any changes and if so | |
19699 | ask if you wish to synchronize these when you re-connect. If it has | |
19700 | any other value, all flags will be synchronized automatically. | |
19701 | ||
19702 | If you do not wish to synchronize flags automatically when you | |
19703 | re-connect, you can do it manually with the | |
19704 | @code{gnus-agent-synchronize-flags} command that is bound to @kbd{J Y} | |
19705 | in the group buffer. | |
19706 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
19707 | Technical note: the synchronization algorithm does not work by ``pushing'' |
19708 | all local flags to the server, but rather by incrementally updated the | |
19709 | server view of flags by changing only those flags that were changed by | |
19710 | the user. Thus, if you set one flag on an article, quit the group then | |
19711 | re-select the group and remove the flag; the flag will be set and | |
19712 | removed from the server when you ``synchronize''. The queued flag | |
19713 | operations can be found in the per-server @code{flags} file in the Agent | |
19714 | directory. It's emptied when you synchronize flags. | |
19715 | ||
19716 | @node Agent and IMAP | |
19717 | @subsection Agent and IMAP | |
19718 | ||
19719 | The Agent works with any Gnus back end, including nnimap. However, | |
19720 | since there are some conceptual differences between @acronym{NNTP} and | |
19721 | @acronym{IMAP}, this section (should) provide you with some information to | |
19722 | make Gnus Agent work smoother as a @acronym{IMAP} Disconnected Mode client. | |
19723 | ||
4009494e GM |
19724 | Some things are currently not implemented in the Agent that you'd might |
19725 | expect from a disconnected @acronym{IMAP} client, including: | |
19726 | ||
19727 | @itemize @bullet | |
19728 | ||
19729 | @item | |
19730 | Copying/moving articles into nnimap groups when unplugged. | |
19731 | ||
19732 | @item | |
19733 | Creating/deleting nnimap groups when unplugged. | |
19734 | ||
19735 | @end itemize | |
19736 | ||
4009494e GM |
19737 | @node Outgoing Messages |
19738 | @subsection Outgoing Messages | |
19739 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
19740 | By default, when Gnus is unplugged, all outgoing messages (both mail |
19741 | and news) are stored in the draft group ``queue'' (@pxref{Drafts}). | |
19742 | You can view them there after posting, and edit them at will. | |
4009494e | 19743 | |
01c52d31 MB |
19744 | You can control the circumstances under which outgoing mail is queued |
19745 | (see @code{gnus-agent-queue-mail}, @pxref{Agent Variables}). Outgoing | |
19746 | news is always queued when Gnus is unplugged, and never otherwise. | |
4009494e | 19747 | |
01c52d31 MB |
19748 | You can send the messages either from the draft group with the special |
19749 | commands available there, or you can use the @kbd{J S} command in the | |
19750 | group buffer to send all the sendable messages in the draft group. | |
19751 | Posting news will only work when Gnus is plugged, but you can send | |
19752 | mail at any time. | |
4009494e | 19753 | |
01c52d31 MB |
19754 | If sending mail while unplugged does not work for you and you worry |
19755 | about hitting @kbd{J S} by accident when unplugged, you can have Gnus | |
19756 | ask you to confirm your action (see | |
19757 | @code{gnus-agent-prompt-send-queue}, @pxref{Agent Variables}). | |
4009494e GM |
19758 | |
19759 | @node Agent Variables | |
19760 | @subsection Agent Variables | |
19761 | ||
19762 | @table @code | |
01c52d31 MB |
19763 | @item gnus-agent |
19764 | @vindex gnus-agent | |
19765 | Is the agent enabled? The default is @code{t}. When first enabled, | |
19766 | the agent will use @code{gnus-agent-auto-agentize-methods} to | |
19767 | automatically mark some back ends as agentized. You may change which | |
19768 | back ends are agentized using the agent commands in the server buffer. | |
19769 | ||
19770 | To enter the server buffer, use the @kbd{^} | |
19771 | (@code{gnus-group-enter-server-mode}) command in the group buffer. | |
19772 | ||
19773 | ||
4009494e GM |
19774 | @item gnus-agent-directory |
19775 | @vindex gnus-agent-directory | |
19776 | Where the Gnus Agent will store its files. The default is | |
19777 | @file{~/News/agent/}. | |
19778 | ||
19779 | @item gnus-agent-handle-level | |
19780 | @vindex gnus-agent-handle-level | |
19781 | Groups on levels (@pxref{Group Levels}) higher than this variable will | |
19782 | be ignored by the Agent. The default is @code{gnus-level-subscribed}, | |
19783 | which means that only subscribed group will be considered by the Agent | |
19784 | by default. | |
19785 | ||
19786 | @item gnus-agent-plugged-hook | |
19787 | @vindex gnus-agent-plugged-hook | |
19788 | Hook run when connecting to the network. | |
19789 | ||
19790 | @item gnus-agent-unplugged-hook | |
19791 | @vindex gnus-agent-unplugged-hook | |
19792 | Hook run when disconnecting from the network. | |
19793 | ||
19794 | @item gnus-agent-fetched-hook | |
19795 | @vindex gnus-agent-fetched-hook | |
19796 | Hook run when finished fetching articles. | |
19797 | ||
19798 | @item gnus-agent-cache | |
19799 | @vindex gnus-agent-cache | |
19800 | Variable to control whether use the locally stored @acronym{NOV} and | |
19801 | articles when plugged, e.g. essentially using the Agent as a cache. | |
19802 | The default is non-@code{nil}, which means to use the Agent as a cache. | |
19803 | ||
19804 | @item gnus-agent-go-online | |
19805 | @vindex gnus-agent-go-online | |
19806 | If @code{gnus-agent-go-online} is @code{nil}, the Agent will never | |
19807 | automatically switch offline servers into online status. If it is | |
19808 | @code{ask}, the default, the Agent will ask if you wish to switch | |
19809 | offline servers into online status when you re-connect. If it has any | |
19810 | other value, all offline servers will be automatically switched into | |
19811 | online status. | |
19812 | ||
19813 | @item gnus-agent-mark-unread-after-downloaded | |
19814 | @vindex gnus-agent-mark-unread-after-downloaded | |
19815 | If @code{gnus-agent-mark-unread-after-downloaded} is non-@code{nil}, | |
19816 | mark articles as unread after downloading. This is usually a safe | |
19817 | thing to do as the newly downloaded article has obviously not been | |
19818 | read. The default is @code{t}. | |
19819 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
19820 | @item gnus-agent-synchronize-flags |
19821 | @vindex gnus-agent-synchronize-flags | |
19822 | If @code{gnus-agent-synchronize-flags} is @code{nil}, the Agent will | |
19823 | never automatically synchronize flags. If it is @code{ask}, which is | |
19824 | the default, the Agent will check if you made any changes and if so | |
19825 | ask if you wish to synchronize these when you re-connect. If it has | |
19826 | any other value, all flags will be synchronized automatically. | |
19827 | ||
4009494e GM |
19828 | @item gnus-agent-consider-all-articles |
19829 | @vindex gnus-agent-consider-all-articles | |
19830 | If @code{gnus-agent-consider-all-articles} is non-@code{nil}, the | |
19831 | agent will let the agent predicate decide whether articles need to be | |
19832 | downloaded or not, for all articles. When @code{nil}, the default, | |
19833 | the agent will only let the predicate decide whether unread articles | |
19834 | are downloaded or not. If you enable this, you may also want to look | |
19835 | into the agent expiry settings (@pxref{Category Variables}), so that | |
19836 | the agent doesn't download articles which the agent will later expire, | |
19837 | over and over again. | |
19838 | ||
19839 | @item gnus-agent-max-fetch-size | |
19840 | @vindex gnus-agent-max-fetch-size | |
19841 | The agent fetches articles into a temporary buffer prior to parsing | |
19842 | them into individual files. To avoid exceeding the max. buffer size, | |
19843 | the agent alternates between fetching and parsing until all articles | |
19844 | have been fetched. @code{gnus-agent-max-fetch-size} provides a size | |
19845 | limit to control how often the cycling occurs. A large value improves | |
19846 | performance. A small value minimizes the time lost should the | |
19847 | connection be lost while fetching (You may need to run | |
19848 | @code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group} to update the group's state. | |
19849 | However, all articles parsed prior to loosing the connection will be | |
19850 | available while unplugged). The default is 10M so it is unusual to | |
19851 | see any cycling. | |
19852 | ||
19853 | @item gnus-server-unopen-status | |
19854 | @vindex gnus-server-unopen-status | |
19855 | Perhaps not an Agent variable, but closely related to the Agent, this | |
19856 | variable says what will happen if Gnus cannot open a server. If the | |
19857 | Agent is enabled, the default, @code{nil}, makes Gnus ask the user | |
19858 | whether to deny the server or whether to unplug the agent. If the | |
19859 | Agent is disabled, Gnus always simply deny the server. Other choices | |
19860 | for this variable include @code{denied} and @code{offline} the latter | |
19861 | is only valid if the Agent is used. | |
19862 | ||
19863 | @item gnus-auto-goto-ignores | |
19864 | @vindex gnus-auto-goto-ignores | |
19865 | Another variable that isn't an Agent variable, yet so closely related | |
19866 | that most will look for it here, this variable tells the summary | |
19867 | buffer how to maneuver around undownloaded (only headers stored in the | |
19868 | agent) and unfetched (neither article nor headers stored) articles. | |
19869 | ||
19870 | The valid values are @code{nil} (maneuver to any article), | |
19871 | @code{undownloaded} (maneuvering while unplugged ignores articles that | |
19872 | have not been fetched), @code{always-undownloaded} (maneuvering always | |
19873 | ignores articles that have not been fetched), @code{unfetched} | |
19874 | (maneuvering ignores articles whose headers have not been fetched). | |
19875 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
19876 | @item gnus-agent-queue-mail |
19877 | @vindex gnus-agent-queue-mail | |
19878 | When @code{gnus-agent-queue-mail} is @code{always}, Gnus will always | |
19879 | queue mail rather than sending it straight away. When @code{t}, Gnus | |
19880 | will queue mail when unplugged only. When @code{nil}, never queue | |
19881 | mail. The default is @code{t}. | |
19882 | ||
19883 | @item gnus-agent-prompt-send-queue | |
19884 | @vindex gnus-agent-prompt-send-queue | |
19885 | When @code{gnus-agent-prompt-send-queue} is non-@code{nil} Gnus will | |
19886 | prompt you to confirm that you really wish to proceed if you hit | |
19887 | @kbd{J S} while unplugged. The default is @code{nil}. | |
19888 | ||
4009494e GM |
19889 | @item gnus-agent-auto-agentize-methods |
19890 | @vindex gnus-agent-auto-agentize-methods | |
19891 | If you have never used the Agent before (or more technically, if | |
19892 | @file{~/News/agent/lib/servers} does not exist), Gnus will | |
19893 | automatically agentize a few servers for you. This variable control | |
01c52d31 MB |
19894 | which back ends should be auto-agentized. It is typically only useful |
19895 | to agentize remote back ends. The auto-agentizing has the same effect | |
4009494e GM |
19896 | as running @kbd{J a} on the servers (@pxref{Server Agent Commands}). |
19897 | If the file exist, you must manage the servers manually by adding or | |
19898 | removing them, this variable is only applicable the first time you | |
19899 | start Gnus. The default is @samp{(nntp nnimap)}. | |
19900 | ||
19901 | @end table | |
19902 | ||
19903 | ||
19904 | @node Example Setup | |
19905 | @subsection Example Setup | |
19906 | ||
19907 | If you don't want to read this manual, and you have a fairly standard | |
19908 | setup, you may be able to use something like the following as your | |
19909 | @file{~/.gnus.el} file to get started. | |
19910 | ||
19911 | @lisp | |
19912 | ;; @r{Define how Gnus is to fetch news. We do this over @acronym{NNTP}} | |
19913 | ;; @r{from your ISP's server.} | |
19914 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.your-isp.com")) | |
19915 | ||
19916 | ;; @r{Define how Gnus is to read your mail. We read mail from} | |
19917 | ;; @r{your ISP's @acronym{POP} server.} | |
19918 | (setq mail-sources '((pop :server "pop.your-isp.com"))) | |
19919 | ||
19920 | ;; @r{Say how Gnus is to store the mail. We use nnml groups.} | |
19921 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnml ""))) | |
19922 | ||
19923 | ;; @r{Make Gnus into an offline newsreader.} | |
19924 | ;; (gnus-agentize) ; @r{The obsolete setting.} | |
19925 | ;; (setq gnus-agent t) ; @r{Now the default.} | |
19926 | @end lisp | |
19927 | ||
19928 | That should be it, basically. Put that in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file, | |
19929 | edit to suit your needs, start up PPP (or whatever), and type @kbd{M-x | |
19930 | gnus}. | |
19931 | ||
19932 | If this is the first time you've run Gnus, you will be subscribed | |
19933 | automatically to a few default newsgroups. You'll probably want to | |
19934 | subscribe to more groups, and to do that, you have to query the | |
19935 | @acronym{NNTP} server for a complete list of groups with the @kbd{A A} | |
19936 | command. This usually takes quite a while, but you only have to do it | |
19937 | once. | |
19938 | ||
19939 | After reading and parsing a while, you'll be presented with a list of | |
19940 | groups. Subscribe to the ones you want to read with the @kbd{u} | |
19941 | command. @kbd{l} to make all the killed groups disappear after you've | |
19942 | subscribe to all the groups you want to read. (@kbd{A k} will bring | |
19943 | back all the killed groups.) | |
19944 | ||
19945 | You can now read the groups at once, or you can download the articles | |
19946 | with the @kbd{J s} command. And then read the rest of this manual to | |
19947 | find out which of the other gazillion things you want to customize. | |
19948 | ||
19949 | ||
19950 | @node Batching Agents | |
19951 | @subsection Batching Agents | |
19952 | @findex gnus-agent-batch | |
19953 | ||
19954 | Having the Gnus Agent fetch articles (and post whatever messages you've | |
19955 | written) is quite easy once you've gotten things set up properly. The | |
19956 | following shell script will do everything that is necessary: | |
19957 | ||
19958 | You can run a complete batch command from the command line with the | |
19959 | following incantation: | |
19960 | ||
19961 | @example | |
19962 | #!/bin/sh | |
19963 | emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -l ~/.gnus.el -f gnus-agent-batch >/dev/null 2>&1 | |
19964 | @end example | |
19965 | ||
19966 | ||
19967 | @node Agent Caveats | |
19968 | @subsection Agent Caveats | |
19969 | ||
19970 | The Gnus Agent doesn't seem to work like most other offline | |
19971 | newsreaders. Here are some common questions that some imaginary people | |
19972 | may ask: | |
19973 | ||
19974 | @table @dfn | |
19975 | @item If I read an article while plugged, do they get entered into the Agent? | |
19976 | ||
19977 | @strong{No}. If you want this behavior, add | |
19978 | @code{gnus-agent-fetch-selected-article} to | |
19979 | @code{gnus-select-article-hook}. | |
19980 | ||
19981 | @item If I read an article while plugged, and the article already exists in | |
19982 | the Agent, will it get downloaded once more? | |
19983 | ||
19984 | @strong{No}, unless @code{gnus-agent-cache} is @code{nil}. | |
19985 | ||
19986 | @end table | |
19987 | ||
19988 | In short, when Gnus is unplugged, it only looks into the locally stored | |
19989 | articles; when it's plugged, it talks to your ISP and may also use the | |
19990 | locally stored articles. | |
19991 | ||
19992 | ||
19993 | @node Scoring | |
19994 | @chapter Scoring | |
19995 | @cindex scoring | |
19996 | ||
19997 | Other people use @dfn{kill files}, but we here at Gnus Towers like | |
19998 | scoring better than killing, so we'd rather switch than fight. They do | |
19999 | something completely different as well, so sit up straight and pay | |
20000 | attention! | |
20001 | ||
20002 | @vindex gnus-summary-mark-below | |
20003 | All articles have a default score (@code{gnus-summary-default-score}), | |
20004 | which is 0 by default. This score may be raised or lowered either | |
20005 | interactively or by score files. Articles that have a score lower than | |
20006 | @code{gnus-summary-mark-below} are marked as read. | |
20007 | ||
20008 | Gnus will read any @dfn{score files} that apply to the current group | |
20009 | before generating the summary buffer. | |
20010 | ||
20011 | There are several commands in the summary buffer that insert score | |
20012 | entries based on the current article. You can, for instance, ask Gnus to | |
20013 | lower or increase the score of all articles with a certain subject. | |
20014 | ||
20015 | There are two sorts of scoring entries: Permanent and temporary. | |
20016 | Temporary score entries are self-expiring entries. Any entries that are | |
20017 | temporary and have not been used for, say, a week, will be removed | |
20018 | silently to help keep the sizes of the score files down. | |
20019 | ||
20020 | @menu | |
20021 | * Summary Score Commands:: Adding score entries for the current group. | |
20022 | * Group Score Commands:: General score commands. | |
20023 | * Score Variables:: Customize your scoring. (My, what terminology). | |
20024 | * Score File Format:: What a score file may contain. | |
20025 | * Score File Editing:: You can edit score files by hand as well. | |
20026 | * Adaptive Scoring:: Big Sister Gnus knows what you read. | |
20027 | * Home Score File:: How to say where new score entries are to go. | |
20028 | * Followups To Yourself:: Having Gnus notice when people answer you. | |
20029 | * Scoring On Other Headers:: Scoring on non-standard headers. | |
20030 | * Scoring Tips:: How to score effectively. | |
20031 | * Reverse Scoring:: That problem child of old is not problem. | |
20032 | * Global Score Files:: Earth-spanning, ear-splitting score files. | |
20033 | * Kill Files:: They are still here, but they can be ignored. | |
20034 | * Converting Kill Files:: Translating kill files to score files. | |
4009494e GM |
20035 | * Advanced Scoring:: Using logical expressions to build score rules. |
20036 | * Score Decays:: It can be useful to let scores wither away. | |
20037 | @end menu | |
20038 | ||
20039 | ||
20040 | @node Summary Score Commands | |
20041 | @section Summary Score Commands | |
20042 | @cindex score commands | |
20043 | ||
20044 | The score commands that alter score entries do not actually modify real | |
20045 | score files. That would be too inefficient. Gnus maintains a cache of | |
20046 | previously loaded score files, one of which is considered the | |
20047 | @dfn{current score file alist}. The score commands simply insert | |
20048 | entries into this list, and upon group exit, this list is saved. | |
20049 | ||
20050 | The current score file is by default the group's local score file, even | |
20051 | if no such score file actually exists. To insert score commands into | |
20052 | some other score file (e.g. @file{all.SCORE}), you must first make this | |
20053 | score file the current one. | |
20054 | ||
20055 | General score commands that don't actually change the score file: | |
20056 | ||
20057 | @table @kbd | |
20058 | ||
20059 | @item V s | |
20060 | @kindex V s (Summary) | |
20061 | @findex gnus-summary-set-score | |
20062 | Set the score of the current article (@code{gnus-summary-set-score}). | |
20063 | ||
20064 | @item V S | |
20065 | @kindex V S (Summary) | |
20066 | @findex gnus-summary-current-score | |
20067 | Display the score of the current article | |
20068 | (@code{gnus-summary-current-score}). | |
20069 | ||
20070 | @item V t | |
20071 | @kindex V t (Summary) | |
20072 | @findex gnus-score-find-trace | |
20073 | Display all score rules that have been used on the current article | |
20074 | (@code{gnus-score-find-trace}). In the @code{*Score Trace*} buffer, you | |
20075 | may type @kbd{e} to edit score file corresponding to the score rule on | |
20076 | current line and @kbd{f} to format (@code{gnus-score-pretty-print}) the | |
20077 | score file and edit it. | |
20078 | ||
20079 | @item V w | |
20080 | @kindex V w (Summary) | |
20081 | @findex gnus-score-find-favourite-words | |
20082 | List words used in scoring (@code{gnus-score-find-favourite-words}). | |
20083 | ||
20084 | @item V R | |
20085 | @kindex V R (Summary) | |
20086 | @findex gnus-summary-rescore | |
20087 | Run the current summary through the scoring process | |
20088 | (@code{gnus-summary-rescore}). This might be useful if you're playing | |
20089 | around with your score files behind Gnus' back and want to see the | |
20090 | effect you're having. | |
20091 | ||
20092 | @item V c | |
20093 | @kindex V c (Summary) | |
20094 | @findex gnus-score-change-score-file | |
20095 | Make a different score file the current | |
20096 | (@code{gnus-score-change-score-file}). | |
20097 | ||
20098 | @item V e | |
20099 | @kindex V e (Summary) | |
20100 | @findex gnus-score-edit-current-scores | |
20101 | Edit the current score file (@code{gnus-score-edit-current-scores}). | |
20102 | You will be popped into a @code{gnus-score-mode} buffer (@pxref{Score | |
20103 | File Editing}). | |
20104 | ||
20105 | @item V f | |
20106 | @kindex V f (Summary) | |
20107 | @findex gnus-score-edit-file | |
20108 | Edit a score file and make this score file the current one | |
20109 | (@code{gnus-score-edit-file}). | |
20110 | ||
20111 | @item V F | |
20112 | @kindex V F (Summary) | |
20113 | @findex gnus-score-flush-cache | |
20114 | Flush the score cache (@code{gnus-score-flush-cache}). This is useful | |
20115 | after editing score files. | |
20116 | ||
20117 | @item V C | |
20118 | @kindex V C (Summary) | |
20119 | @findex gnus-score-customize | |
20120 | Customize a score file in a visually pleasing manner | |
20121 | (@code{gnus-score-customize}). | |
20122 | ||
20123 | @end table | |
20124 | ||
20125 | The rest of these commands modify the local score file. | |
20126 | ||
20127 | @table @kbd | |
20128 | ||
20129 | @item V m | |
20130 | @kindex V m (Summary) | |
20131 | @findex gnus-score-set-mark-below | |
20132 | Prompt for a score, and mark all articles with a score below this as | |
20133 | read (@code{gnus-score-set-mark-below}). | |
20134 | ||
20135 | @item V x | |
20136 | @kindex V x (Summary) | |
20137 | @findex gnus-score-set-expunge-below | |
20138 | Prompt for a score, and add a score rule to the current score file to | |
20139 | expunge all articles below this score | |
20140 | (@code{gnus-score-set-expunge-below}). | |
20141 | @end table | |
20142 | ||
20143 | The keystrokes for actually making score entries follow a very regular | |
20144 | pattern, so there's no need to list all the commands. (Hundreds of | |
20145 | them.) | |
20146 | ||
20147 | @findex gnus-summary-increase-score | |
20148 | @findex gnus-summary-lower-score | |
20149 | ||
20150 | @enumerate | |
20151 | @item | |
20152 | The first key is either @kbd{I} (upper case i) for increasing the score | |
20153 | or @kbd{L} for lowering the score. | |
20154 | @item | |
20155 | The second key says what header you want to score on. The following | |
20156 | keys are available: | |
20157 | @table @kbd | |
20158 | ||
20159 | @item a | |
20160 | Score on the author name. | |
20161 | ||
20162 | @item s | |
20163 | Score on the subject line. | |
20164 | ||
20165 | @item x | |
20166 | Score on the @code{Xref} line---i.e., the cross-posting line. | |
20167 | ||
20168 | @item r | |
20169 | Score on the @code{References} line. | |
20170 | ||
20171 | @item d | |
20172 | Score on the date. | |
20173 | ||
20174 | @item l | |
20175 | Score on the number of lines. | |
20176 | ||
20177 | @item i | |
20178 | Score on the @code{Message-ID} header. | |
20179 | ||
20180 | @item e | |
20181 | Score on an ``extra'' header, that is, one of those in gnus-extra-headers, | |
20182 | if your @acronym{NNTP} server tracks additional header data in overviews. | |
20183 | ||
20184 | @item f | |
20185 | Score on followups---this matches the author name, and adds scores to | |
20186 | the followups to this author. (Using this key leads to the creation of | |
20187 | @file{ADAPT} files.) | |
20188 | ||
20189 | @item b | |
20190 | Score on the body. | |
20191 | ||
20192 | @item h | |
20193 | Score on the head. | |
20194 | ||
20195 | @item t | |
20196 | Score on thread. (Using this key leads to the creation of @file{ADAPT} | |
20197 | files.) | |
20198 | ||
20199 | @end table | |
20200 | ||
20201 | @item | |
20202 | The third key is the match type. Which match types are valid depends on | |
20203 | what headers you are scoring on. | |
20204 | ||
20205 | @table @code | |
20206 | ||
20207 | @item strings | |
20208 | ||
20209 | @table @kbd | |
20210 | ||
20211 | @item e | |
20212 | Exact matching. | |
20213 | ||
20214 | @item s | |
20215 | Substring matching. | |
20216 | ||
20217 | @item f | |
20218 | Fuzzy matching (@pxref{Fuzzy Matching}). | |
20219 | ||
20220 | @item r | |
20221 | Regexp matching | |
20222 | @end table | |
20223 | ||
20224 | @item date | |
20225 | @table @kbd | |
20226 | ||
20227 | @item b | |
20228 | Before date. | |
20229 | ||
20230 | @item a | |
20231 | After date. | |
20232 | ||
20233 | @item n | |
20234 | This date. | |
20235 | @end table | |
20236 | ||
20237 | @item number | |
20238 | @table @kbd | |
20239 | ||
20240 | @item < | |
20241 | Less than number. | |
20242 | ||
20243 | @item = | |
20244 | Equal to number. | |
20245 | ||
20246 | @item > | |
20247 | Greater than number. | |
20248 | @end table | |
20249 | @end table | |
20250 | ||
20251 | @item | |
20252 | The fourth and usually final key says whether this is a temporary (i.e., | |
20253 | expiring) score entry, or a permanent (i.e., non-expiring) score entry, | |
20254 | or whether it is to be done immediately, without adding to the score | |
20255 | file. | |
20256 | @table @kbd | |
20257 | ||
20258 | @item t | |
20259 | Temporary score entry. | |
20260 | ||
20261 | @item p | |
20262 | Permanent score entry. | |
20263 | ||
20264 | @item i | |
20265 | Immediately scoring. | |
20266 | @end table | |
20267 | ||
20268 | @item | |
20269 | If you are scoring on `e' (extra) headers, you will then be prompted for | |
20270 | the header name on which you wish to score. This must be a header named | |
20271 | in gnus-extra-headers, and @samp{TAB} completion is available. | |
20272 | ||
20273 | @end enumerate | |
20274 | ||
20275 | So, let's say you want to increase the score on the current author with | |
20276 | exact matching permanently: @kbd{I a e p}. If you want to lower the | |
20277 | score based on the subject line, using substring matching, and make a | |
20278 | temporary score entry: @kbd{L s s t}. Pretty easy. | |
20279 | ||
20280 | To make things a bit more complicated, there are shortcuts. If you use | |
20281 | a capital letter on either the second or third keys, Gnus will use | |
20282 | defaults for the remaining one or two keystrokes. The defaults are | |
20283 | ``substring'' and ``temporary''. So @kbd{I A} is the same as @kbd{I a s | |
20284 | t}, and @kbd{I a R} is the same as @kbd{I a r t}. | |
20285 | ||
20286 | These functions take both the numerical prefix and the symbolic prefix | |
20287 | (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}). A numerical prefix says how much to lower | |
20288 | (or increase) the score of the article. A symbolic prefix of @code{a} | |
20289 | says to use the @file{all.SCORE} file for the command instead of the | |
20290 | current score file. | |
20291 | ||
20292 | @vindex gnus-score-mimic-keymap | |
20293 | The @code{gnus-score-mimic-keymap} says whether these commands will | |
20294 | pretend they are keymaps or not. | |
20295 | ||
20296 | ||
20297 | @node Group Score Commands | |
20298 | @section Group Score Commands | |
20299 | @cindex group score commands | |
20300 | ||
20301 | There aren't many of these as yet, I'm afraid. | |
20302 | ||
20303 | @table @kbd | |
20304 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
20305 | @item W e |
20306 | @kindex W e (Group) | |
20307 | @findex gnus-score-edit-all-score | |
20308 | Edit the apply-to-all-groups all.SCORE file. You will be popped into | |
20309 | a @code{gnus-score-mode} buffer (@pxref{Score File Editing}). | |
20310 | ||
4009494e GM |
20311 | @item W f |
20312 | @kindex W f (Group) | |
20313 | @findex gnus-score-flush-cache | |
20314 | Gnus maintains a cache of score alists to avoid having to reload them | |
20315 | all the time. This command will flush the cache | |
20316 | (@code{gnus-score-flush-cache}). | |
20317 | ||
20318 | @end table | |
20319 | ||
20320 | You can do scoring from the command line by saying something like: | |
20321 | ||
20322 | @findex gnus-batch-score | |
20323 | @cindex batch scoring | |
20324 | @example | |
20325 | $ emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -l ~/.gnus.el -f gnus-batch-score | |
20326 | @end example | |
20327 | ||
20328 | ||
20329 | @node Score Variables | |
20330 | @section Score Variables | |
20331 | @cindex score variables | |
20332 | ||
20333 | @table @code | |
20334 | ||
20335 | @item gnus-use-scoring | |
20336 | @vindex gnus-use-scoring | |
20337 | If @code{nil}, Gnus will not check for score files, and will not, in | |
20338 | general, do any score-related work. This is @code{t} by default. | |
20339 | ||
20340 | @item gnus-kill-killed | |
20341 | @vindex gnus-kill-killed | |
20342 | If this variable is @code{nil}, Gnus will never apply score files to | |
20343 | articles that have already been through the kill process. While this | |
20344 | may save you lots of time, it also means that if you apply a kill file | |
20345 | to a group, and then change the kill file and want to run it over you | |
20346 | group again to kill more articles, it won't work. You have to set this | |
20347 | variable to @code{t} to do that. (It is @code{t} by default.) | |
20348 | ||
20349 | @item gnus-kill-files-directory | |
20350 | @vindex gnus-kill-files-directory | |
20351 | All kill and score files will be stored in this directory, which is | |
20352 | initialized from the @env{SAVEDIR} environment variable by default. | |
20353 | This is @file{~/News/} by default. | |
20354 | ||
20355 | @item gnus-score-file-suffix | |
20356 | @vindex gnus-score-file-suffix | |
20357 | Suffix to add to the group name to arrive at the score file name | |
20358 | (@file{SCORE} by default.) | |
20359 | ||
20360 | @item gnus-score-uncacheable-files | |
20361 | @vindex gnus-score-uncacheable-files | |
20362 | @cindex score cache | |
20363 | All score files are normally cached to avoid excessive re-loading of | |
bbbe940b | 20364 | score files. However, this might make your Emacs grow big and |
4009494e GM |
20365 | bloated, so this regexp can be used to weed out score files unlikely |
20366 | to be needed again. It would be a bad idea to deny caching of | |
20367 | @file{all.SCORE}, while it might be a good idea to not cache | |
20368 | @file{comp.infosystems.www.authoring.misc.ADAPT}. In fact, this | |
20369 | variable is @samp{ADAPT$} by default, so no adaptive score files will | |
20370 | be cached. | |
20371 | ||
20372 | @item gnus-save-score | |
20373 | @vindex gnus-save-score | |
20374 | If you have really complicated score files, and do lots of batch | |
20375 | scoring, then you might set this variable to @code{t}. This will make | |
20376 | Gnus save the scores into the @file{.newsrc.eld} file. | |
20377 | ||
20378 | If you do not set this to @code{t}, then manual scores (like those set | |
20379 | with @kbd{V s} (@code{gnus-summary-set-score})) will not be preserved | |
20380 | across group visits. | |
20381 | ||
20382 | @item gnus-score-interactive-default-score | |
20383 | @vindex gnus-score-interactive-default-score | |
20384 | Score used by all the interactive raise/lower commands to raise/lower | |
20385 | score with. Default is 1000, which may seem excessive, but this is to | |
20386 | ensure that the adaptive scoring scheme gets enough room to play with. | |
20387 | We don't want the small changes from the adaptive scoring to overwrite | |
20388 | manually entered data. | |
20389 | ||
20390 | @item gnus-summary-default-score | |
20391 | @vindex gnus-summary-default-score | |
20392 | Default score of an article, which is 0 by default. | |
20393 | ||
20394 | @item gnus-summary-expunge-below | |
20395 | @vindex gnus-summary-expunge-below | |
20396 | Don't display the summary lines of articles that have scores lower than | |
20397 | this variable. This is @code{nil} by default, which means that no | |
20398 | articles will be hidden. This variable is local to the summary buffers, | |
20399 | and has to be set from @code{gnus-summary-mode-hook}. | |
20400 | ||
20401 | @item gnus-score-over-mark | |
20402 | @vindex gnus-score-over-mark | |
20403 | Mark (in the third column) used for articles with a score over the | |
20404 | default. Default is @samp{+}. | |
20405 | ||
20406 | @item gnus-score-below-mark | |
20407 | @vindex gnus-score-below-mark | |
20408 | Mark (in the third column) used for articles with a score below the | |
20409 | default. Default is @samp{-}. | |
20410 | ||
20411 | @item gnus-score-find-score-files-function | |
20412 | @vindex gnus-score-find-score-files-function | |
20413 | Function used to find score files for the current group. This function | |
20414 | is called with the name of the group as the argument. | |
20415 | ||
20416 | Predefined functions available are: | |
20417 | @table @code | |
20418 | ||
20419 | @item gnus-score-find-single | |
20420 | @findex gnus-score-find-single | |
20421 | Only apply the group's own score file. | |
20422 | ||
20423 | @item gnus-score-find-bnews | |
20424 | @findex gnus-score-find-bnews | |
20425 | Apply all score files that match, using bnews syntax. This is the | |
20426 | default. If the current group is @samp{gnu.emacs.gnus}, for instance, | |
20427 | @file{all.emacs.all.SCORE}, @file{not.alt.all.SCORE} and | |
20428 | @file{gnu.all.SCORE} would all apply. In short, the instances of | |
20429 | @samp{all} in the score file names are translated into @samp{.*}, and | |
20430 | then a regexp match is done. | |
20431 | ||
20432 | This means that if you have some score entries that you want to apply to | |
20433 | all groups, then you put those entries in the @file{all.SCORE} file. | |
20434 | ||
20435 | The score files are applied in a semi-random order, although Gnus will | |
20436 | try to apply the more general score files before the more specific score | |
20437 | files. It does this by looking at the number of elements in the score | |
20438 | file names---discarding the @samp{all} elements. | |
20439 | ||
20440 | @item gnus-score-find-hierarchical | |
20441 | @findex gnus-score-find-hierarchical | |
20442 | Apply all score files from all the parent groups. This means that you | |
20443 | can't have score files like @file{all.SCORE}, but you can have | |
20444 | @file{SCORE}, @file{comp.SCORE} and @file{comp.emacs.SCORE} for each | |
20445 | server. | |
20446 | ||
20447 | @end table | |
20448 | This variable can also be a list of functions. In that case, all | |
20449 | these functions will be called with the group name as argument, and | |
20450 | all the returned lists of score files will be applied. These | |
20451 | functions can also return lists of lists of score alists directly. In | |
20452 | that case, the functions that return these non-file score alists | |
20453 | should probably be placed before the ``real'' score file functions, to | |
20454 | ensure that the last score file returned is the local score file. | |
20455 | Phu. | |
20456 | ||
20457 | For example, to do hierarchical scoring but use a non-server-specific | |
20458 | overall score file, you could use the value | |
20459 | @example | |
20460 | (list (lambda (group) ("all.SCORE")) | |
20461 | 'gnus-score-find-hierarchical) | |
20462 | @end example | |
20463 | ||
20464 | @item gnus-score-expiry-days | |
20465 | @vindex gnus-score-expiry-days | |
20466 | This variable says how many days should pass before an unused score file | |
20467 | entry is expired. If this variable is @code{nil}, no score file entries | |
20468 | are expired. It's 7 by default. | |
20469 | ||
20470 | @item gnus-update-score-entry-dates | |
20471 | @vindex gnus-update-score-entry-dates | |
20472 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, temporary score entries that have | |
20473 | been triggered (matched) will have their dates updated. (This is how Gnus | |
20474 | controls expiry---all non-matched-entries will become too old while | |
20475 | matched entries will stay fresh and young.) However, if you set this | |
20476 | variable to @code{nil}, even matched entries will grow old and will | |
20477 | have to face that oh-so grim reaper. | |
20478 | ||
20479 | @item gnus-score-after-write-file-function | |
20480 | @vindex gnus-score-after-write-file-function | |
20481 | Function called with the name of the score file just written. | |
20482 | ||
20483 | @item gnus-score-thread-simplify | |
20484 | @vindex gnus-score-thread-simplify | |
20485 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, article subjects will be | |
20486 | simplified for subject scoring purposes in the same manner as with | |
20487 | threading---according to the current value of | |
20488 | @code{gnus-simplify-subject-functions}. If the scoring entry uses | |
20489 | @code{substring} or @code{exact} matching, the match will also be | |
20490 | simplified in this manner. | |
20491 | ||
20492 | @end table | |
20493 | ||
20494 | ||
20495 | @node Score File Format | |
20496 | @section Score File Format | |
20497 | @cindex score file format | |
20498 | ||
20499 | A score file is an @code{emacs-lisp} file that normally contains just a | |
20500 | single form. Casual users are not expected to edit these files; | |
20501 | everything can be changed from the summary buffer. | |
20502 | ||
20503 | Anyway, if you'd like to dig into it yourself, here's an example: | |
20504 | ||
20505 | @lisp | |
20506 | (("from" | |
20507 | ("Lars Ingebrigtsen" -10000) | |
20508 | ("Per Abrahamsen") | |
20509 | ("larsi\\|lmi" -50000 nil R)) | |
20510 | ("subject" | |
20511 | ("Ding is Badd" nil 728373)) | |
20512 | ("xref" | |
20513 | ("alt.politics" -1000 728372 s)) | |
20514 | ("lines" | |
20515 | (2 -100 nil <)) | |
20516 | (mark 0) | |
20517 | (expunge -1000) | |
20518 | (mark-and-expunge -10) | |
20519 | (read-only nil) | |
20520 | (orphan -10) | |
20521 | (adapt t) | |
20522 | (files "/hom/larsi/News/gnu.SCORE") | |
20523 | (exclude-files "all.SCORE") | |
20524 | (local (gnus-newsgroup-auto-expire t) | |
20525 | (gnus-summary-make-false-root empty)) | |
20526 | (eval (ding))) | |
20527 | @end lisp | |
20528 | ||
20529 | This example demonstrates most score file elements. @xref{Advanced | |
20530 | Scoring}, for a different approach. | |
20531 | ||
20532 | Even though this looks much like Lisp code, nothing here is actually | |
20533 | @code{eval}ed. The Lisp reader is used to read this form, though, so it | |
20534 | has to be valid syntactically, if not semantically. | |
20535 | ||
20536 | Six keys are supported by this alist: | |
20537 | ||
20538 | @table @code | |
20539 | ||
20540 | @item STRING | |
20541 | If the key is a string, it is the name of the header to perform the | |
20542 | match on. Scoring can only be performed on these eight headers: | |
20543 | @code{From}, @code{Subject}, @code{References}, @code{Message-ID}, | |
20544 | @code{Xref}, @code{Lines}, @code{Chars} and @code{Date}. In addition to | |
20545 | these headers, there are three strings to tell Gnus to fetch the entire | |
20546 | article and do the match on larger parts of the article: @code{Body} | |
20547 | will perform the match on the body of the article, @code{Head} will | |
20548 | perform the match on the head of the article, and @code{All} will | |
20549 | perform the match on the entire article. Note that using any of these | |
20550 | last three keys will slow down group entry @emph{considerably}. The | |
20551 | final ``header'' you can score on is @code{Followup}. These score | |
20552 | entries will result in new score entries being added for all follow-ups | |
20553 | to articles that matches these score entries. | |
20554 | ||
20555 | Following this key is an arbitrary number of score entries, where each | |
20556 | score entry has one to four elements. | |
20557 | @enumerate | |
20558 | ||
20559 | @item | |
20560 | The first element is the @dfn{match element}. On most headers this will | |
20561 | be a string, but on the Lines and Chars headers, this must be an | |
20562 | integer. | |
20563 | ||
20564 | @item | |
20565 | If the second element is present, it should be a number---the @dfn{score | |
20566 | element}. This number should be an integer in the neginf to posinf | |
20567 | interval. This number is added to the score of the article if the match | |
20568 | is successful. If this element is not present, the | |
20569 | @code{gnus-score-interactive-default-score} number will be used | |
20570 | instead. This is 1000 by default. | |
20571 | ||
20572 | @item | |
20573 | If the third element is present, it should be a number---the @dfn{date | |
20574 | element}. This date says when the last time this score entry matched, | |
20575 | which provides a mechanism for expiring the score entries. It this | |
20576 | element is not present, the score entry is permanent. The date is | |
20577 | represented by the number of days since December 31, 1 BCE. | |
20578 | ||
20579 | @item | |
20580 | If the fourth element is present, it should be a symbol---the @dfn{type | |
20581 | element}. This element specifies what function should be used to see | |
20582 | whether this score entry matches the article. What match types that can | |
20583 | be used depends on what header you wish to perform the match on. | |
20584 | @table @dfn | |
20585 | ||
20586 | @item From, Subject, References, Xref, Message-ID | |
20587 | For most header types, there are the @code{r} and @code{R} (regexp), as | |
20588 | well as @code{s} and @code{S} (substring) types, and @code{e} and | |
20589 | @code{E} (exact match), and @code{w} (word match) types. If this | |
20590 | element is not present, Gnus will assume that substring matching should | |
20591 | be used. @code{R}, @code{S}, and @code{E} differ from the others in | |
20592 | that the matches will be done in a case-sensitive manner. All these | |
20593 | one-letter types are really just abbreviations for the @code{regexp}, | |
20594 | @code{string}, @code{exact}, and @code{word} types, which you can use | |
20595 | instead, if you feel like. | |
20596 | ||
20597 | @item Extra | |
20598 | Just as for the standard string overview headers, if you are using | |
20599 | gnus-extra-headers, you can score on these headers' values. In this | |
20600 | case, there is a 5th element in the score entry, being the name of the | |
20601 | header to be scored. The following entry is useful in your | |
20602 | @file{all.SCORE} file in case of spam attacks from a single origin | |
20603 | host, if your @acronym{NNTP} server tracks @samp{NNTP-Posting-Host} in | |
20604 | overviews: | |
20605 | ||
20606 | @lisp | |
20607 | ("111.222.333.444" -1000 nil s | |
20608 | "NNTP-Posting-Host") | |
20609 | @end lisp | |
20610 | ||
20611 | @item Lines, Chars | |
20612 | These two headers use different match types: @code{<}, @code{>}, | |
20613 | @code{=}, @code{>=} and @code{<=}. | |
20614 | ||
20615 | These predicates are true if | |
20616 | ||
20617 | @example | |
20618 | (PREDICATE HEADER MATCH) | |
20619 | @end example | |
20620 | ||
20621 | evaluates to non-@code{nil}. For instance, the advanced match | |
20622 | @code{("lines" 4 <)} (@pxref{Advanced Scoring}) will result in the | |
20623 | following form: | |
20624 | ||
20625 | @lisp | |
20626 | (< header-value 4) | |
20627 | @end lisp | |
20628 | ||
20629 | Or to put it another way: When using @code{<} on @code{Lines} with 4 as | |
20630 | the match, we get the score added if the article has less than 4 lines. | |
20631 | (It's easy to get confused and think it's the other way around. But | |
20632 | it's not. I think.) | |
20633 | ||
20634 | When matching on @code{Lines}, be careful because some back ends (like | |
20635 | @code{nndir}) do not generate @code{Lines} header, so every article ends | |
20636 | up being marked as having 0 lines. This can lead to strange results if | |
20637 | you happen to lower score of the articles with few lines. | |
20638 | ||
20639 | @item Date | |
20640 | For the Date header we have three kinda silly match types: | |
20641 | @code{before}, @code{at} and @code{after}. I can't really imagine this | |
20642 | ever being useful, but, like, it would feel kinda silly not to provide | |
20643 | this function. Just in case. You never know. Better safe than sorry. | |
20644 | Once burnt, twice shy. Don't judge a book by its cover. Never not have | |
20645 | sex on a first date. (I have been told that at least one person, and I | |
20646 | quote, ``found this function indispensable'', however.) | |
20647 | ||
20648 | @cindex ISO8601 | |
20649 | @cindex date | |
20650 | A more useful match type is @code{regexp}. With it, you can match the | |
20651 | date string using a regular expression. The date is normalized to | |
20652 | ISO8601 compact format first---@var{YYYYMMDD}@code{T}@var{HHMMSS}. If | |
20653 | you want to match all articles that have been posted on April 1st in | |
20654 | every year, you could use @samp{....0401.........} as a match string, | |
20655 | for instance. (Note that the date is kept in its original time zone, so | |
20656 | this will match articles that were posted when it was April 1st where | |
20657 | the article was posted from. Time zones are such wholesome fun for the | |
20658 | whole family, eh?) | |
20659 | ||
20660 | @item Head, Body, All | |
20661 | These three match keys use the same match types as the @code{From} (etc) | |
20662 | header uses. | |
20663 | ||
20664 | @item Followup | |
20665 | This match key is somewhat special, in that it will match the | |
20666 | @code{From} header, and affect the score of not only the matching | |
20667 | articles, but also all followups to the matching articles. This allows | |
20668 | you e.g. increase the score of followups to your own articles, or | |
20669 | decrease the score of followups to the articles of some known | |
20670 | trouble-maker. Uses the same match types as the @code{From} header | |
20671 | uses. (Using this match key will lead to creation of @file{ADAPT} | |
20672 | files.) | |
20673 | ||
20674 | @item Thread | |
20675 | This match key works along the same lines as the @code{Followup} match | |
20676 | key. If you say that you want to score on a (sub-)thread started by an | |
20677 | article with a @code{Message-ID} @var{x}, then you add a @samp{thread} | |
20678 | match. This will add a new @samp{thread} match for each article that | |
20679 | has @var{x} in its @code{References} header. (These new @samp{thread} | |
20680 | matches will use the @code{Message-ID}s of these matching articles.) | |
20681 | This will ensure that you can raise/lower the score of an entire thread, | |
20682 | even though some articles in the thread may not have complete | |
20683 | @code{References} headers. Note that using this may lead to | |
20684 | undeterministic scores of the articles in the thread. (Using this match | |
20685 | key will lead to creation of @file{ADAPT} files.) | |
20686 | @end table | |
20687 | @end enumerate | |
20688 | ||
20689 | @cindex score file atoms | |
20690 | @item mark | |
20691 | The value of this entry should be a number. Any articles with a score | |
20692 | lower than this number will be marked as read. | |
20693 | ||
20694 | @item expunge | |
20695 | The value of this entry should be a number. Any articles with a score | |
20696 | lower than this number will be removed from the summary buffer. | |
20697 | ||
20698 | @item mark-and-expunge | |
20699 | The value of this entry should be a number. Any articles with a score | |
20700 | lower than this number will be marked as read and removed from the | |
20701 | summary buffer. | |
20702 | ||
20703 | @item thread-mark-and-expunge | |
20704 | The value of this entry should be a number. All articles that belong to | |
20705 | a thread that has a total score below this number will be marked as read | |
20706 | and removed from the summary buffer. @code{gnus-thread-score-function} | |
20707 | says how to compute the total score for a thread. | |
20708 | ||
20709 | @item files | |
20710 | The value of this entry should be any number of file names. These files | |
20711 | are assumed to be score files as well, and will be loaded the same way | |
20712 | this one was. | |
20713 | ||
20714 | @item exclude-files | |
20715 | The clue of this entry should be any number of files. These files will | |
20716 | not be loaded, even though they would normally be so, for some reason or | |
20717 | other. | |
20718 | ||
20719 | @item eval | |
994ff697 | 20720 | The value of this entry will be @code{eval}ed. This element will be |
4009494e GM |
20721 | ignored when handling global score files. |
20722 | ||
20723 | @item read-only | |
20724 | Read-only score files will not be updated or saved. Global score files | |
20725 | should feature this atom (@pxref{Global Score Files}). (Note: | |
20726 | @dfn{Global} here really means @dfn{global}; not your personal | |
20727 | apply-to-all-groups score files.) | |
20728 | ||
20729 | @item orphan | |
20730 | The value of this entry should be a number. Articles that do not have | |
20731 | parents will get this number added to their scores. Imagine you follow | |
20732 | some high-volume newsgroup, like @samp{comp.lang.c}. Most likely you | |
20733 | will only follow a few of the threads, also want to see any new threads. | |
20734 | ||
20735 | You can do this with the following two score file entries: | |
20736 | ||
20737 | @example | |
20738 | (orphan -500) | |
20739 | (mark-and-expunge -100) | |
20740 | @end example | |
20741 | ||
20742 | When you enter the group the first time, you will only see the new | |
20743 | threads. You then raise the score of the threads that you find | |
b1519d85 | 20744 | interesting (with @kbd{I T} or @kbd{I S}), and ignore (@kbd{c y}) the |
4009494e GM |
20745 | rest. Next time you enter the group, you will see new articles in the |
20746 | interesting threads, plus any new threads. | |
20747 | ||
20748 | I.e.---the orphan score atom is for high-volume groups where a few | |
20749 | interesting threads which can't be found automatically by ordinary | |
20750 | scoring rules exist. | |
20751 | ||
20752 | @item adapt | |
20753 | This entry controls the adaptive scoring. If it is @code{t}, the | |
20754 | default adaptive scoring rules will be used. If it is @code{ignore}, no | |
20755 | adaptive scoring will be performed on this group. If it is a list, this | |
20756 | list will be used as the adaptive scoring rules. If it isn't present, | |
20757 | or is something other than @code{t} or @code{ignore}, the default | |
20758 | adaptive scoring rules will be used. If you want to use adaptive | |
20759 | scoring on most groups, you'd set @code{gnus-use-adaptive-scoring} to | |
20760 | @code{t}, and insert an @code{(adapt ignore)} in the groups where you do | |
20761 | not want adaptive scoring. If you only want adaptive scoring in a few | |
20762 | groups, you'd set @code{gnus-use-adaptive-scoring} to @code{nil}, and | |
20763 | insert @code{(adapt t)} in the score files of the groups where you want | |
20764 | it. | |
20765 | ||
20766 | @item adapt-file | |
20767 | All adaptive score entries will go to the file named by this entry. It | |
20768 | will also be applied when entering the group. This atom might be handy | |
20769 | if you want to adapt on several groups at once, using the same adaptive | |
20770 | file for a number of groups. | |
20771 | ||
20772 | @item local | |
20773 | @cindex local variables | |
20774 | The value of this entry should be a list of @code{(@var{var} | |
20775 | @var{value})} pairs. Each @var{var} will be made buffer-local to the | |
20776 | current summary buffer, and set to the value specified. This is a | |
20777 | convenient, if somewhat strange, way of setting variables in some | |
20778 | groups if you don't like hooks much. Note that the @var{value} won't | |
20779 | be evaluated. | |
20780 | @end table | |
20781 | ||
20782 | ||
20783 | @node Score File Editing | |
20784 | @section Score File Editing | |
20785 | ||
20786 | You normally enter all scoring commands from the summary buffer, but you | |
20787 | might feel the urge to edit them by hand as well, so we've supplied you | |
20788 | with a mode for that. | |
20789 | ||
20790 | It's simply a slightly customized @code{emacs-lisp} mode, with these | |
20791 | additional commands: | |
20792 | ||
20793 | @table @kbd | |
20794 | ||
20795 | @item C-c C-c | |
20796 | @kindex C-c C-c (Score) | |
87035689 | 20797 | @findex gnus-score-edit-exit |
4009494e | 20798 | Save the changes you have made and return to the summary buffer |
87035689 | 20799 | (@code{gnus-score-edit-exit}). |
4009494e GM |
20800 | |
20801 | @item C-c C-d | |
20802 | @kindex C-c C-d (Score) | |
20803 | @findex gnus-score-edit-insert-date | |
20804 | Insert the current date in numerical format | |
20805 | (@code{gnus-score-edit-insert-date}). This is really the day number, if | |
20806 | you were wondering. | |
20807 | ||
20808 | @item C-c C-p | |
20809 | @kindex C-c C-p (Score) | |
20810 | @findex gnus-score-pretty-print | |
20811 | The adaptive score files are saved in an unformatted fashion. If you | |
20812 | intend to read one of these files, you want to @dfn{pretty print} it | |
20813 | first. This command (@code{gnus-score-pretty-print}) does that for | |
20814 | you. | |
20815 | ||
20816 | @end table | |
20817 | ||
20818 | Type @kbd{M-x gnus-score-mode} to use this mode. | |
20819 | ||
20820 | @vindex gnus-score-mode-hook | |
20821 | @code{gnus-score-menu-hook} is run in score mode buffers. | |
20822 | ||
20823 | In the summary buffer you can use commands like @kbd{V f}, @kbd{V e} and | |
20824 | @kbd{V t} to begin editing score files. | |
20825 | ||
20826 | ||
20827 | @node Adaptive Scoring | |
20828 | @section Adaptive Scoring | |
20829 | @cindex adaptive scoring | |
20830 | ||
20831 | If all this scoring is getting you down, Gnus has a way of making it all | |
20832 | happen automatically---as if by magic. Or rather, as if by artificial | |
20833 | stupidity, to be precise. | |
20834 | ||
20835 | @vindex gnus-use-adaptive-scoring | |
20836 | When you read an article, or mark an article as read, or kill an | |
20837 | article, you leave marks behind. On exit from the group, Gnus can sniff | |
20838 | these marks and add score elements depending on what marks it finds. | |
20839 | You turn on this ability by setting @code{gnus-use-adaptive-scoring} to | |
20840 | @code{t} or @code{(line)}. If you want score adaptively on separate | |
20841 | words appearing in the subjects, you should set this variable to | |
20842 | @code{(word)}. If you want to use both adaptive methods, set this | |
20843 | variable to @code{(word line)}. | |
20844 | ||
20845 | @vindex gnus-default-adaptive-score-alist | |
20846 | To give you complete control over the scoring process, you can customize | |
20847 | the @code{gnus-default-adaptive-score-alist} variable. For instance, it | |
20848 | might look something like this: | |
20849 | ||
20850 | @lisp | |
20851 | (setq gnus-default-adaptive-score-alist | |
20852 | '((gnus-unread-mark) | |
20853 | (gnus-ticked-mark (from 4)) | |
20854 | (gnus-dormant-mark (from 5)) | |
20855 | (gnus-del-mark (from -4) (subject -1)) | |
20856 | (gnus-read-mark (from 4) (subject 2)) | |
20857 | (gnus-expirable-mark (from -1) (subject -1)) | |
20858 | (gnus-killed-mark (from -1) (subject -3)) | |
20859 | (gnus-kill-file-mark) | |
20860 | (gnus-ancient-mark) | |
20861 | (gnus-low-score-mark) | |
20862 | (gnus-catchup-mark (from -1) (subject -1)))) | |
20863 | @end lisp | |
20864 | ||
20865 | As you see, each element in this alist has a mark as a key (either a | |
20866 | variable name or a ``real'' mark---a character). Following this key is | |
20867 | a arbitrary number of header/score pairs. If there are no header/score | |
20868 | pairs following the key, no adaptive scoring will be done on articles | |
20869 | that have that key as the article mark. For instance, articles with | |
20870 | @code{gnus-unread-mark} in the example above will not get adaptive score | |
20871 | entries. | |
20872 | ||
20873 | Each article can have only one mark, so just a single of these rules | |
20874 | will be applied to each article. | |
20875 | ||
20876 | To take @code{gnus-del-mark} as an example---this alist says that all | |
20877 | articles that have that mark (i.e., are marked with @samp{e}) will have a | |
20878 | score entry added to lower based on the @code{From} header by -4, and | |
20879 | lowered by @code{Subject} by -1. Change this to fit your prejudices. | |
20880 | ||
20881 | If you have marked 10 articles with the same subject with | |
20882 | @code{gnus-del-mark}, the rule for that mark will be applied ten times. | |
20883 | That means that that subject will get a score of ten times -1, which | |
20884 | should be, unless I'm much mistaken, -10. | |
20885 | ||
20886 | If you have auto-expirable (mail) groups (@pxref{Expiring Mail}), all | |
20887 | the read articles will be marked with the @samp{E} mark. This'll | |
20888 | probably make adaptive scoring slightly impossible, so auto-expiring and | |
20889 | adaptive scoring doesn't really mix very well. | |
20890 | ||
20891 | The headers you can score on are @code{from}, @code{subject}, | |
20892 | @code{message-id}, @code{references}, @code{xref}, @code{lines}, | |
20893 | @code{chars} and @code{date}. In addition, you can score on | |
20894 | @code{followup}, which will create an adaptive score entry that matches | |
20895 | on the @code{References} header using the @code{Message-ID} of the | |
20896 | current article, thereby matching the following thread. | |
20897 | ||
20898 | If you use this scheme, you should set the score file atom @code{mark} | |
20899 | to something small---like -300, perhaps, to avoid having small random | |
20900 | changes result in articles getting marked as read. | |
20901 | ||
20902 | After using adaptive scoring for a week or so, Gnus should start to | |
20903 | become properly trained and enhance the authors you like best, and kill | |
20904 | the authors you like least, without you having to say so explicitly. | |
20905 | ||
20906 | You can control what groups the adaptive scoring is to be performed on | |
20907 | by using the score files (@pxref{Score File Format}). This will also | |
20908 | let you use different rules in different groups. | |
20909 | ||
20910 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-file-suffix | |
20911 | The adaptive score entries will be put into a file where the name is the | |
20912 | group name with @code{gnus-adaptive-file-suffix} appended. The default | |
20913 | is @file{ADAPT}. | |
20914 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
20915 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-pretty-print |
20916 | Adaptive score files can get huge and are not meant to be edited by | |
20917 | human hands. If @code{gnus-adaptive-pretty-print} is @code{nil} (the | |
86441999 | 20918 | default) those files will not be written in a human readable way. |
01c52d31 | 20919 | |
4009494e GM |
20920 | @vindex gnus-score-exact-adapt-limit |
20921 | When doing adaptive scoring, substring or fuzzy matching would probably | |
20922 | give you the best results in most cases. However, if the header one | |
20923 | matches is short, the possibility for false positives is great, so if | |
20924 | the length of the match is less than | |
20925 | @code{gnus-score-exact-adapt-limit}, exact matching will be used. If | |
20926 | this variable is @code{nil}, exact matching will always be used to avoid | |
20927 | this problem. | |
20928 | ||
20929 | @vindex gnus-default-adaptive-word-score-alist | |
20930 | As mentioned above, you can adapt either on individual words or entire | |
20931 | headers. If you adapt on words, the | |
20932 | @code{gnus-default-adaptive-word-score-alist} variable says what score | |
20933 | each instance of a word should add given a mark. | |
20934 | ||
20935 | @lisp | |
20936 | (setq gnus-default-adaptive-word-score-alist | |
20937 | `((,gnus-read-mark . 30) | |
20938 | (,gnus-catchup-mark . -10) | |
20939 | (,gnus-killed-mark . -20) | |
20940 | (,gnus-del-mark . -15))) | |
20941 | @end lisp | |
20942 | ||
20943 | This is the default value. If you have adaption on words enabled, every | |
20944 | word that appears in subjects of articles marked with | |
20945 | @code{gnus-read-mark} will result in a score rule that increase the | |
20946 | score with 30 points. | |
20947 | ||
20948 | @vindex gnus-default-ignored-adaptive-words | |
20949 | @vindex gnus-ignored-adaptive-words | |
20950 | Words that appear in the @code{gnus-default-ignored-adaptive-words} list | |
20951 | will be ignored. If you wish to add more words to be ignored, use the | |
20952 | @code{gnus-ignored-adaptive-words} list instead. | |
20953 | ||
20954 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-word-length-limit | |
20955 | Some may feel that short words shouldn't count when doing adaptive | |
20956 | scoring. If so, you may set @code{gnus-adaptive-word-length-limit} to | |
20957 | an integer. Words shorter than this number will be ignored. This | |
20958 | variable defaults to @code{nil}. | |
20959 | ||
20960 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-word-syntax-table | |
20961 | When the scoring is done, @code{gnus-adaptive-word-syntax-table} is the | |
20962 | syntax table in effect. It is similar to the standard syntax table, but | |
20963 | it considers numbers to be non-word-constituent characters. | |
20964 | ||
20965 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-word-minimum | |
20966 | If @code{gnus-adaptive-word-minimum} is set to a number, the adaptive | |
20967 | word scoring process will never bring down the score of an article to | |
20968 | below this number. The default is @code{nil}. | |
20969 | ||
20970 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-word-no-group-words | |
20971 | If @code{gnus-adaptive-word-no-group-words} is set to @code{t}, gnus | |
20972 | won't adaptively word score any of the words in the group name. Useful | |
20973 | for groups like @samp{comp.editors.emacs}, where most of the subject | |
20974 | lines contain the word @samp{emacs}. | |
20975 | ||
20976 | After using this scheme for a while, it might be nice to write a | |
20977 | @code{gnus-psychoanalyze-user} command to go through the rules and see | |
20978 | what words you like and what words you don't like. Or perhaps not. | |
20979 | ||
20980 | Note that the adaptive word scoring thing is highly experimental and is | |
20981 | likely to change in the future. Initial impressions seem to indicate | |
20982 | that it's totally useless as it stands. Some more work (involving more | |
20983 | rigorous statistical methods) will have to be done to make this useful. | |
20984 | ||
20985 | ||
20986 | @node Home Score File | |
20987 | @section Home Score File | |
20988 | ||
20989 | The score file where new score file entries will go is called the | |
20990 | @dfn{home score file}. This is normally (and by default) the score file | |
20991 | for the group itself. For instance, the home score file for | |
20992 | @samp{gnu.emacs.gnus} is @file{gnu.emacs.gnus.SCORE}. | |
20993 | ||
20994 | However, this may not be what you want. It is often convenient to share | |
20995 | a common home score file among many groups---all @samp{emacs} groups | |
20996 | could perhaps use the same home score file. | |
20997 | ||
20998 | @vindex gnus-home-score-file | |
20999 | The variable that controls this is @code{gnus-home-score-file}. It can | |
21000 | be: | |
21001 | ||
21002 | @enumerate | |
21003 | @item | |
21004 | A string. Then this file will be used as the home score file for all | |
21005 | groups. | |
21006 | ||
21007 | @item | |
21008 | A function. The result of this function will be used as the home score | |
21009 | file. The function will be called with the name of the group as the | |
21010 | parameter. | |
21011 | ||
21012 | @item | |
21013 | A list. The elements in this list can be: | |
21014 | ||
21015 | @enumerate | |
21016 | @item | |
21017 | @code{(@var{regexp} @var{file-name})}. If the @var{regexp} matches the | |
21018 | group name, the @var{file-name} will be used as the home score file. | |
21019 | ||
21020 | @item | |
21021 | A function. If the function returns non-@code{nil}, the result will | |
21022 | be used as the home score file. The function will be called with the | |
21023 | name of the group as the parameter. | |
21024 | ||
21025 | @item | |
21026 | A string. Use the string as the home score file. | |
21027 | @end enumerate | |
21028 | ||
21029 | The list will be traversed from the beginning towards the end looking | |
21030 | for matches. | |
21031 | ||
21032 | @end enumerate | |
21033 | ||
21034 | So, if you want to use just a single score file, you could say: | |
21035 | ||
21036 | @lisp | |
21037 | (setq gnus-home-score-file | |
21038 | "my-total-score-file.SCORE") | |
21039 | @end lisp | |
21040 | ||
21041 | If you want to use @file{gnu.SCORE} for all @samp{gnu} groups and | |
21042 | @file{rec.SCORE} for all @samp{rec} groups (and so on), you can say: | |
21043 | ||
21044 | @findex gnus-hierarchial-home-score-file | |
21045 | @lisp | |
21046 | (setq gnus-home-score-file | |
21047 | 'gnus-hierarchial-home-score-file) | |
21048 | @end lisp | |
21049 | ||
21050 | This is a ready-made function provided for your convenience. | |
21051 | Other functions include | |
21052 | ||
21053 | @table @code | |
21054 | @item gnus-current-home-score-file | |
21055 | @findex gnus-current-home-score-file | |
21056 | Return the ``current'' regular score file. This will make scoring | |
21057 | commands add entry to the ``innermost'' matching score file. | |
21058 | ||
21059 | @end table | |
21060 | ||
21061 | If you want to have one score file for the @samp{emacs} groups and | |
21062 | another for the @samp{comp} groups, while letting all other groups use | |
21063 | their own home score files: | |
21064 | ||
21065 | @lisp | |
21066 | (setq gnus-home-score-file | |
21067 | ;; @r{All groups that match the regexp @code{"\\.emacs"}} | |
21068 | '(("\\.emacs" "emacs.SCORE") | |
21069 | ;; @r{All the comp groups in one score file} | |
21070 | ("^comp" "comp.SCORE"))) | |
21071 | @end lisp | |
21072 | ||
21073 | @vindex gnus-home-adapt-file | |
21074 | @code{gnus-home-adapt-file} works exactly the same way as | |
21075 | @code{gnus-home-score-file}, but says what the home adaptive score file | |
21076 | is instead. All new adaptive file entries will go into the file | |
21077 | specified by this variable, and the same syntax is allowed. | |
21078 | ||
21079 | In addition to using @code{gnus-home-score-file} and | |
21080 | @code{gnus-home-adapt-file}, you can also use group parameters | |
21081 | (@pxref{Group Parameters}) and topic parameters (@pxref{Topic | |
21082 | Parameters}) to achieve much the same. Group and topic parameters take | |
21083 | precedence over this variable. | |
21084 | ||
21085 | ||
21086 | @node Followups To Yourself | |
21087 | @section Followups To Yourself | |
21088 | ||
21089 | Gnus offers two commands for picking out the @code{Message-ID} header in | |
21090 | the current buffer. Gnus will then add a score rule that scores using | |
21091 | this @code{Message-ID} on the @code{References} header of other | |
21092 | articles. This will, in effect, increase the score of all articles that | |
21093 | respond to the article in the current buffer. Quite useful if you want | |
21094 | to easily note when people answer what you've said. | |
21095 | ||
21096 | @table @code | |
21097 | ||
21098 | @item gnus-score-followup-article | |
21099 | @findex gnus-score-followup-article | |
21100 | This will add a score to articles that directly follow up your own | |
21101 | article. | |
21102 | ||
21103 | @item gnus-score-followup-thread | |
21104 | @findex gnus-score-followup-thread | |
21105 | This will add a score to all articles that appear in a thread ``below'' | |
21106 | your own article. | |
21107 | @end table | |
21108 | ||
21109 | @vindex message-sent-hook | |
21110 | These two functions are both primarily meant to be used in hooks like | |
21111 | @code{message-sent-hook}, like this: | |
21112 | @lisp | |
21113 | (add-hook 'message-sent-hook 'gnus-score-followup-thread) | |
21114 | @end lisp | |
21115 | ||
21116 | ||
21117 | If you look closely at your own @code{Message-ID}, you'll notice that | |
21118 | the first two or three characters are always the same. Here's two of | |
21119 | mine: | |
21120 | ||
21121 | @example | |
21122 | <x6u3u47icf.fsf@@eyesore.no> | |
21123 | <x6sp9o7ibw.fsf@@eyesore.no> | |
21124 | @end example | |
21125 | ||
21126 | So ``my'' ident on this machine is @samp{x6}. This can be | |
21127 | exploited---the following rule will raise the score on all followups to | |
21128 | myself: | |
21129 | ||
21130 | @lisp | |
21131 | ("references" | |
21132 | ("<x6[0-9a-z]+\\.fsf\\(_-_\\)?@@.*eyesore\\.no>" | |
21133 | 1000 nil r)) | |
21134 | @end lisp | |
21135 | ||
21136 | Whether it's the first two or first three characters that are ``yours'' | |
21137 | is system-dependent. | |
21138 | ||
21139 | ||
21140 | @node Scoring On Other Headers | |
21141 | @section Scoring On Other Headers | |
21142 | @cindex scoring on other headers | |
21143 | ||
21144 | Gnus is quite fast when scoring the ``traditional'' | |
21145 | headers---@samp{From}, @samp{Subject} and so on. However, scoring | |
21146 | other headers requires writing a @code{head} scoring rule, which means | |
21147 | that Gnus has to request every single article from the back end to find | |
21148 | matches. This takes a long time in big groups. | |
21149 | ||
58333467 MB |
21150 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring |
21151 | You can inhibit this slow scoring on headers or body by setting the | |
21152 | variable @code{gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring}. If | |
21153 | @code{gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring} is regexp, slow scoring is inhibited if | |
21154 | the group matches the regexp. If it is t, slow scoring on it is | |
21155 | inhibited for all groups. | |
21156 | ||
21157 | Now, there's not much you can do about the slowness for news groups, but for | |
4009494e GM |
21158 | mail groups, you have greater control. In @ref{To From Newsgroups}, |
21159 | it's explained in greater detail what this mechanism does, but here's | |
21160 | a cookbook example for @code{nnml} on how to allow scoring on the | |
21161 | @samp{To} and @samp{Cc} headers. | |
21162 | ||
21163 | Put the following in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file. | |
21164 | ||
21165 | @lisp | |
21166 | (setq gnus-extra-headers '(To Cc Newsgroups Keywords) | |
21167 | nnmail-extra-headers gnus-extra-headers) | |
21168 | @end lisp | |
21169 | ||
21170 | Restart Gnus and rebuild your @code{nnml} overview files with the | |
21171 | @kbd{M-x nnml-generate-nov-databases} command. This will take a long | |
21172 | time if you have much mail. | |
21173 | ||
21174 | Now you can score on @samp{To} and @samp{Cc} as ``extra headers'' like | |
21175 | so: @kbd{I e s p To RET <your name> RET}. | |
21176 | ||
21177 | See? Simple. | |
21178 | ||
21179 | ||
21180 | @node Scoring Tips | |
21181 | @section Scoring Tips | |
21182 | @cindex scoring tips | |
21183 | ||
21184 | @table @dfn | |
21185 | ||
21186 | @item Crossposts | |
21187 | @cindex crossposts | |
21188 | @cindex scoring crossposts | |
21189 | If you want to lower the score of crossposts, the line to match on is | |
21190 | the @code{Xref} header. | |
21191 | @lisp | |
21192 | ("xref" (" talk.politics.misc:" -1000)) | |
21193 | @end lisp | |
21194 | ||
21195 | @item Multiple crossposts | |
21196 | If you want to lower the score of articles that have been crossposted to | |
21197 | more than, say, 3 groups: | |
21198 | @lisp | |
21199 | ("xref" | |
21200 | ("[^:\n]+:[0-9]+ +[^:\n]+:[0-9]+ +[^:\n]+:[0-9]+" | |
21201 | -1000 nil r)) | |
21202 | @end lisp | |
21203 | ||
21204 | @item Matching on the body | |
21205 | This is generally not a very good idea---it takes a very long time. | |
21206 | Gnus actually has to fetch each individual article from the server. But | |
21207 | you might want to anyway, I guess. Even though there are three match | |
21208 | keys (@code{Head}, @code{Body} and @code{All}), you should choose one | |
21209 | and stick with it in each score file. If you use any two, each article | |
21210 | will be fetched @emph{twice}. If you want to match a bit on the | |
21211 | @code{Head} and a bit on the @code{Body}, just use @code{All} for all | |
21212 | the matches. | |
21213 | ||
21214 | @item Marking as read | |
21215 | You will probably want to mark articles that have scores below a certain | |
21216 | number as read. This is most easily achieved by putting the following | |
21217 | in your @file{all.SCORE} file: | |
21218 | @lisp | |
21219 | ((mark -100)) | |
21220 | @end lisp | |
21221 | You may also consider doing something similar with @code{expunge}. | |
21222 | ||
21223 | @item Negated character classes | |
21224 | If you say stuff like @code{[^abcd]*}, you may get unexpected results. | |
21225 | That will match newlines, which might lead to, well, The Unknown. Say | |
21226 | @code{[^abcd\n]*} instead. | |
21227 | @end table | |
21228 | ||
21229 | ||
21230 | @node Reverse Scoring | |
21231 | @section Reverse Scoring | |
21232 | @cindex reverse scoring | |
21233 | ||
21234 | If you want to keep just articles that have @samp{Sex with Emacs} in the | |
21235 | subject header, and expunge all other articles, you could put something | |
21236 | like this in your score file: | |
21237 | ||
21238 | @lisp | |
21239 | (("subject" | |
21240 | ("Sex with Emacs" 2)) | |
21241 | (mark 1) | |
21242 | (expunge 1)) | |
21243 | @end lisp | |
21244 | ||
21245 | So, you raise all articles that match @samp{Sex with Emacs} and mark the | |
21246 | rest as read, and expunge them to boot. | |
21247 | ||
21248 | ||
21249 | @node Global Score Files | |
21250 | @section Global Score Files | |
21251 | @cindex global score files | |
21252 | ||
21253 | Sure, other newsreaders have ``global kill files''. These are usually | |
21254 | nothing more than a single kill file that applies to all groups, stored | |
21255 | in the user's home directory. Bah! Puny, weak newsreaders! | |
21256 | ||
21257 | What I'm talking about here are Global Score Files. Score files from | |
21258 | all over the world, from users everywhere, uniting all nations in one | |
21259 | big, happy score file union! Ange-score! New and untested! | |
21260 | ||
21261 | @vindex gnus-global-score-files | |
21262 | All you have to do to use other people's score files is to set the | |
21263 | @code{gnus-global-score-files} variable. One entry for each score file, | |
21264 | or each score file directory. Gnus will decide by itself what score | |
21265 | files are applicable to which group. | |
21266 | ||
21267 | To use the score file | |
21268 | @file{/ftp@@ftp.gnus.org:/pub/larsi/ding/score/soc.motss.SCORE} and | |
21269 | all score files in the @file{/ftp@@ftp.some-where:/pub/score} directory, | |
21270 | say this: | |
21271 | ||
21272 | @lisp | |
21273 | (setq gnus-global-score-files | |
21274 | '("/ftp@@ftp.gnus.org:/pub/larsi/ding/score/soc.motss.SCORE" | |
21275 | "/ftp@@ftp.some-where:/pub/score/")) | |
21276 | @end lisp | |
21277 | ||
21278 | @findex gnus-score-search-global-directories | |
21279 | @noindent | |
21280 | Simple, eh? Directory names must end with a @samp{/}. These | |
21281 | directories are typically scanned only once during each Gnus session. | |
21282 | If you feel the need to manually re-scan the remote directories, you can | |
21283 | use the @code{gnus-score-search-global-directories} command. | |
21284 | ||
21285 | Note that, at present, using this option will slow down group entry | |
21286 | somewhat. (That is---a lot.) | |
21287 | ||
21288 | If you want to start maintaining score files for other people to use, | |
21289 | just put your score file up for anonymous ftp and announce it to the | |
21290 | world. Become a retro-moderator! Participate in the retro-moderator | |
21291 | wars sure to ensue, where retro-moderators battle it out for the | |
21292 | sympathy of the people, luring them to use their score files on false | |
21293 | premises! Yay! The net is saved! | |
21294 | ||
21295 | Here are some tips for the would-be retro-moderator, off the top of my | |
21296 | head: | |
21297 | ||
21298 | @itemize @bullet | |
21299 | ||
21300 | @item | |
21301 | Articles heavily crossposted are probably junk. | |
21302 | @item | |
21303 | To lower a single inappropriate article, lower by @code{Message-ID}. | |
21304 | @item | |
21305 | Particularly brilliant authors can be raised on a permanent basis. | |
21306 | @item | |
21307 | Authors that repeatedly post off-charter for the group can safely be | |
21308 | lowered out of existence. | |
21309 | @item | |
21310 | Set the @code{mark} and @code{expunge} atoms to obliterate the nastiest | |
21311 | articles completely. | |
21312 | ||
21313 | @item | |
21314 | Use expiring score entries to keep the size of the file down. You | |
21315 | should probably have a long expiry period, though, as some sites keep | |
21316 | old articles for a long time. | |
21317 | @end itemize | |
21318 | ||
21319 | @dots{} I wonder whether other newsreaders will support global score files | |
21320 | in the future. @emph{Snicker}. Yup, any day now, newsreaders like Blue | |
21321 | Wave, xrn and 1stReader are bound to implement scoring. Should we start | |
21322 | holding our breath yet? | |
21323 | ||
21324 | ||
21325 | @node Kill Files | |
21326 | @section Kill Files | |
21327 | @cindex kill files | |
21328 | ||
21329 | Gnus still supports those pesky old kill files. In fact, the kill file | |
21330 | entries can now be expiring, which is something I wrote before Daniel | |
21331 | Quinlan thought of doing score files, so I've left the code in there. | |
21332 | ||
21333 | In short, kill processing is a lot slower (and I do mean @emph{a lot}) | |
21334 | than score processing, so it might be a good idea to rewrite your kill | |
21335 | files into score files. | |
21336 | ||
21337 | Anyway, a kill file is a normal @code{emacs-lisp} file. You can put any | |
21338 | forms into this file, which means that you can use kill files as some | |
21339 | sort of primitive hook function to be run on group entry, even though | |
21340 | that isn't a very good idea. | |
21341 | ||
21342 | Normal kill files look like this: | |
21343 | ||
21344 | @lisp | |
21345 | (gnus-kill "From" "Lars Ingebrigtsen") | |
21346 | (gnus-kill "Subject" "ding") | |
21347 | (gnus-expunge "X") | |
21348 | @end lisp | |
21349 | ||
21350 | This will mark every article written by me as read, and remove the | |
21351 | marked articles from the summary buffer. Very useful, you'll agree. | |
21352 | ||
21353 | Other programs use a totally different kill file syntax. If Gnus | |
21354 | encounters what looks like a @code{rn} kill file, it will take a stab at | |
21355 | interpreting it. | |
21356 | ||
21357 | Two summary functions for editing a @sc{gnus} kill file: | |
21358 | ||
21359 | @table @kbd | |
21360 | ||
21361 | @item M-k | |
21362 | @kindex M-k (Summary) | |
21363 | @findex gnus-summary-edit-local-kill | |
21364 | Edit this group's kill file (@code{gnus-summary-edit-local-kill}). | |
21365 | ||
21366 | @item M-K | |
21367 | @kindex M-K (Summary) | |
21368 | @findex gnus-summary-edit-global-kill | |
21369 | Edit the general kill file (@code{gnus-summary-edit-global-kill}). | |
21370 | @end table | |
21371 | ||
21372 | Two group mode functions for editing the kill files: | |
21373 | ||
21374 | @table @kbd | |
21375 | ||
21376 | @item M-k | |
21377 | @kindex M-k (Group) | |
21378 | @findex gnus-group-edit-local-kill | |
21379 | Edit this group's kill file (@code{gnus-group-edit-local-kill}). | |
21380 | ||
21381 | @item M-K | |
21382 | @kindex M-K (Group) | |
21383 | @findex gnus-group-edit-global-kill | |
21384 | Edit the general kill file (@code{gnus-group-edit-global-kill}). | |
21385 | @end table | |
21386 | ||
21387 | Kill file variables: | |
21388 | ||
21389 | @table @code | |
21390 | @item gnus-kill-file-name | |
21391 | @vindex gnus-kill-file-name | |
21392 | A kill file for the group @samp{soc.motss} is normally called | |
21393 | @file{soc.motss.KILL}. The suffix appended to the group name to get | |
21394 | this file name is detailed by the @code{gnus-kill-file-name} variable. | |
21395 | The ``global'' kill file (not in the score file sense of ``global'', of | |
21396 | course) is just called @file{KILL}. | |
21397 | ||
21398 | @vindex gnus-kill-save-kill-file | |
21399 | @item gnus-kill-save-kill-file | |
21400 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will save the | |
21401 | kill file after processing, which is necessary if you use expiring | |
21402 | kills. | |
21403 | ||
21404 | @item gnus-apply-kill-hook | |
21405 | @vindex gnus-apply-kill-hook | |
21406 | @findex gnus-apply-kill-file-unless-scored | |
21407 | @findex gnus-apply-kill-file | |
21408 | A hook called to apply kill files to a group. It is | |
21409 | @code{(gnus-apply-kill-file)} by default. If you want to ignore the | |
21410 | kill file if you have a score file for the same group, you can set this | |
21411 | hook to @code{(gnus-apply-kill-file-unless-scored)}. If you don't want | |
21412 | kill files to be processed, you should set this variable to @code{nil}. | |
21413 | ||
21414 | @item gnus-kill-file-mode-hook | |
21415 | @vindex gnus-kill-file-mode-hook | |
21416 | A hook called in kill-file mode buffers. | |
21417 | ||
21418 | @end table | |
21419 | ||
21420 | ||
21421 | @node Converting Kill Files | |
21422 | @section Converting Kill Files | |
21423 | @cindex kill files | |
21424 | @cindex converting kill files | |
21425 | ||
21426 | If you have loads of old kill files, you may want to convert them into | |
21427 | score files. If they are ``regular'', you can use | |
21428 | the @file{gnus-kill-to-score.el} package; if not, you'll have to do it | |
21429 | by hand. | |
21430 | ||
e3e955fe MB |
21431 | The kill to score conversion package isn't included in Emacs by default. |
21432 | You can fetch it from the contrib directory of the Gnus distribution or | |
21433 | from | |
21434 | @uref{http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/ding-various/gnus-kill-to-score.el}. | |
4009494e GM |
21435 | |
21436 | If your old kill files are very complex---if they contain more | |
21437 | non-@code{gnus-kill} forms than not, you'll have to convert them by | |
21438 | hand. Or just let them be as they are. Gnus will still use them as | |
21439 | before. | |
21440 | ||
21441 | ||
4009494e GM |
21442 | @node Advanced Scoring |
21443 | @section Advanced Scoring | |
21444 | ||
21445 | Scoring on Subjects and From headers is nice enough, but what if you're | |
21446 | really interested in what a person has to say only when she's talking | |
21447 | about a particular subject? Or what if you really don't want to | |
21448 | read what person A has to say when she's following up to person B, but | |
21449 | want to read what she says when she's following up to person C? | |
21450 | ||
21451 | By using advanced scoring rules you may create arbitrarily complex | |
21452 | scoring patterns. | |
21453 | ||
21454 | @menu | |
21455 | * Advanced Scoring Syntax:: A definition. | |
21456 | * Advanced Scoring Examples:: What they look like. | |
21457 | * Advanced Scoring Tips:: Getting the most out of it. | |
21458 | @end menu | |
21459 | ||
21460 | ||
21461 | @node Advanced Scoring Syntax | |
21462 | @subsection Advanced Scoring Syntax | |
21463 | ||
21464 | Ordinary scoring rules have a string as the first element in the rule. | |
21465 | Advanced scoring rules have a list as the first element. The second | |
21466 | element is the score to be applied if the first element evaluated to a | |
21467 | non-@code{nil} value. | |
21468 | ||
21469 | These lists may consist of three logical operators, one redirection | |
21470 | operator, and various match operators. | |
21471 | ||
21472 | Logical operators: | |
21473 | ||
21474 | @table @code | |
21475 | @item & | |
21476 | @itemx and | |
21477 | This logical operator will evaluate each of its arguments until it finds | |
21478 | one that evaluates to @code{false}, and then it'll stop. If all arguments | |
21479 | evaluate to @code{true} values, then this operator will return | |
21480 | @code{true}. | |
21481 | ||
21482 | @item | | |
21483 | @itemx or | |
21484 | This logical operator will evaluate each of its arguments until it finds | |
21485 | one that evaluates to @code{true}. If no arguments are @code{true}, | |
21486 | then this operator will return @code{false}. | |
21487 | ||
21488 | @item ! | |
21489 | @itemx not | |
21490 |