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1 | \input texinfo |
2 | ||
db78a8cb | 3 | @setfilename ../../info/gnus |
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4 | @settitle Gnus Manual |
5 | @syncodeindex fn cp | |
6 | @syncodeindex vr cp | |
7 | @syncodeindex pg cp | |
8 | ||
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9 | @documentencoding ISO-8859-1 |
10 | ||
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11 | @copying |
12 | Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, | |
13 | 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
14 | ||
15 | @quotation | |
16 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
17 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or | |
18 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no | |
19 | Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU | |
20 | Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the | |
21 | license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation | |
22 | License'' in the Emacs manual. | |
23 | ||
24 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify | |
25 | this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free | |
26 | Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' | |
27 | ||
28 | This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free | |
29 | Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document | |
30 | separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the | |
31 | license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. | |
32 | @end quotation | |
33 | @end copying | |
34 | ||
35 | @iftex | |
36 | @iflatex | |
37 | \documentclass[twoside,a4paper,openright,11pt]{book} | |
38 | \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} | |
39 | \usepackage{pagestyle} | |
40 | \usepackage{epsfig} | |
41 | \usepackage{pixidx} | |
42 | \input{gnusconfig.tex} | |
43 | ||
44 | \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined | |
45 | \else | |
46 | \usepackage[pdftex,bookmarks,colorlinks=true]{hyperref} | |
47 | \usepackage{thumbpdf} | |
48 | \pdfcompresslevel=9 | |
49 | \fi | |
50 | ||
51 | \makeindex | |
52 | \begin{document} | |
53 | ||
54 | % Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change the following line: | |
01c52d31 | 55 | \newcommand{\gnusversionname}{No Gnus v0.7} |
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56 | \newcommand{\gnuschaptername}{} |
57 | \newcommand{\gnussectionname}{} | |
58 | ||
59 | \newcommand{\gnusbackslash}{/} | |
60 | ||
61 | \newcommand{\gnusref}[1]{``#1'' on page \pageref{#1}} | |
62 | \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined | |
63 | \newcommand{\gnusuref}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
64 | \else | |
65 | \newcommand{\gnusuref}[1]{\href{#1}{\gnustt{#1}}} | |
66 | \fi | |
67 | \newcommand{\gnusxref}[1]{See ``#1'' on page \pageref{#1}} | |
68 | \newcommand{\gnuspxref}[1]{see ``#1'' on page \pageref{#1}} | |
69 | ||
70 | \newcommand{\gnuskindex}[1]{\index{#1}} | |
71 | \newcommand{\gnusindex}[1]{\index{#1}} | |
72 | ||
73 | \newcommand{\gnustt}[1]{{\gnusselectttfont{}#1}} | |
74 | \newcommand{\gnuscode}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
75 | \newcommand{\gnusasis}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
76 | \newcommand{\gnusurl}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
77 | \newcommand{\gnuscommand}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
78 | \newcommand{\gnusenv}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
79 | \newcommand{\gnussamp}[1]{``{\fontencoding{OT1}\gnusselectttfont{}#1}''} | |
80 | \newcommand{\gnuslisp}[1]{\gnustt{#1}} | |
81 | \newcommand{\gnuskbd}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'} | |
82 | \newcommand{\gnuskey}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'} | |
83 | \newcommand{\gnusfile}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'} | |
84 | \newcommand{\gnusdfn}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
85 | \newcommand{\gnusi}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
86 | \newcommand{\gnusr}[1]{\textrm{#1}} | |
87 | \newcommand{\gnusstrong}[1]{\textbf{#1}} | |
88 | \newcommand{\gnusemph}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
89 | \newcommand{\gnusvar}[1]{{\fontsize{10pt}{10}\selectfont\textsl{\textsf{#1}}}} | |
90 | \newcommand{\gnussc}[1]{\textsc{#1}} | |
91 | \newcommand{\gnustitle}[1]{{\huge\textbf{#1}}} | |
92 | \newcommand{\gnusversion}[1]{{\small\textit{#1}}} | |
93 | \newcommand{\gnusauthor}[1]{{\large\textbf{#1}}} | |
94 | \newcommand{\gnusresult}[1]{\gnustt{=> #1}} | |
95 | \newcommand{\gnusacronym}[1]{\textsc{#1}} | |
96 | \newcommand{\gnusemail}[1]{\textit{#1}} | |
97 | ||
98 | \newcommand{\gnusbullet}{{${\bullet}$}} | |
99 | \newcommand{\gnusdollar}{\$} | |
100 | \newcommand{\gnusampersand}{\&} | |
101 | \newcommand{\gnuspercent}{\%} | |
102 | \newcommand{\gnushash}{\#} | |
103 | \newcommand{\gnushat}{\symbol{"5E}} | |
104 | \newcommand{\gnusunderline}{\symbol{"5F}} | |
105 | \newcommand{\gnusnot}{$\neg$} | |
106 | \newcommand{\gnustilde}{\symbol{"7E}} | |
107 | \newcommand{\gnusless}{{$<$}} | |
108 | \newcommand{\gnusgreater}{{$>$}} | |
109 | \newcommand{\gnusbraceleft}{{$>$}} | |
110 | \newcommand{\gnusbraceright}{{$>$}} | |
111 | ||
112 | \newcommand{\gnushead}{\raisebox{-1cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-head,height=1cm}}} | |
113 | \newcommand{\gnusinteresting}{ | |
114 | \marginpar[\mbox{}\hfill\gnushead]{\gnushead} | |
115 | } | |
116 | ||
117 | \newcommand{\gnuscleardoublepage}{\ifodd\count0\mbox{}\clearpage\thispagestyle{empty}\mbox{}\clearpage\else\clearpage\fi} | |
118 | ||
119 | \newcommand{\gnuspagechapter}[1]{ | |
120 | {\mbox{}} | |
121 | } | |
122 | ||
123 | \newdimen{\gnusdimen} | |
124 | \gnusdimen 0pt | |
125 | ||
126 | \newcommand{\gnuschapter}[2]{ | |
127 | \gnuscleardoublepage | |
128 | \ifdim \gnusdimen = 0pt\setcounter{page}{1}\pagestyle{gnus}\pagenumbering{arabic} \gnusdimen 1pt\fi | |
129 | \chapter{#2} | |
130 | \renewcommand{\gnussectionname}{} | |
131 | \renewcommand{\gnuschaptername}{#2} | |
132 | \thispagestyle{empty} | |
133 | \hspace*{-2cm} | |
134 | \begin{picture}(500,500)(0,0) | |
135 | \put(480,350){\makebox(0,0)[tr]{#1}} | |
136 | \put(40,300){\makebox(500,50)[bl]{{\Huge\bf{#2}}}} | |
137 | \end{picture} | |
138 | \clearpage | |
139 | } | |
140 | ||
141 | \newcommand{\gnusfigure}[3]{ | |
142 | \begin{figure} | |
143 | \mbox{}\ifodd\count0\hspace*{-0.8cm}\else\hspace*{-3cm}\fi\begin{picture}(440,#2) | |
144 | #3 | |
145 | \end{picture} | |
146 | \caption{#1} | |
147 | \end{figure} | |
148 | } | |
149 | ||
150 | \newcommand{\gnusicon}[1]{ | |
151 | \marginpar[\mbox{}\hfill\raisebox{-1.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/#1-up,height=1.5cm}}]{\raisebox{-1cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/#1-up,height=1cm}}} | |
152 | } | |
153 | ||
154 | \newcommand{\gnuspicon}[1]{ | |
155 | \margindex{\epsfig{figure=#1,width=2cm}} | |
156 | } | |
157 | ||
158 | \newcommand{\gnusxface}[2]{ | |
159 | \margindex{\epsfig{figure=#1,width=1cm}\epsfig{figure=#2,width=1cm}} | |
160 | } | |
161 | ||
162 | \newcommand{\gnussmiley}[2]{ | |
163 | \margindex{\makebox[2cm]{\hfill\epsfig{figure=#1,width=0.5cm}\hfill\epsfig{figure=#2,width=0.5cm}\hfill}} | |
164 | } | |
165 | ||
166 | \newcommand{\gnusitemx}[1]{\mbox{}\vspace*{-\itemsep}\vspace*{-\parsep}\item#1} | |
167 | ||
168 | \newcommand{\gnussection}[1]{ | |
169 | \renewcommand{\gnussectionname}{#1} | |
170 | \section{#1} | |
171 | } | |
172 | ||
173 | \newenvironment{codelist}% | |
174 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
175 | } | |
176 | }{\end{list}} | |
177 | ||
178 | \newenvironment{asislist}% | |
179 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
180 | } | |
181 | }{\end{list}} | |
182 | ||
183 | \newenvironment{kbdlist}% | |
184 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
185 | \labelwidth=0cm | |
186 | } | |
187 | }{\end{list}} | |
188 | ||
189 | \newenvironment{dfnlist}% | |
190 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
191 | } | |
192 | }{\end{list}} | |
193 | ||
194 | \newenvironment{stronglist}% | |
195 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
196 | } | |
197 | }{\end{list}} | |
198 | ||
199 | \newenvironment{samplist}% | |
200 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
201 | } | |
202 | }{\end{list}} | |
203 | ||
204 | \newenvironment{varlist}% | |
205 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
206 | } | |
207 | }{\end{list}} | |
208 | ||
209 | \newenvironment{emphlist}% | |
210 | {\begin{list}{}{ | |
211 | } | |
212 | }{\end{list}} | |
213 | ||
214 | \newlength\gnusheadtextwidth | |
215 | \setlength{\gnusheadtextwidth}{\headtextwidth} | |
216 | \addtolength{\gnusheadtextwidth}{1cm} | |
217 | ||
218 | \newpagestyle{gnuspreamble}% | |
219 | { | |
220 | { | |
221 | \ifodd\count0 | |
222 | { | |
223 | \hspace*{-0.23cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\mbox{}}\textbf{\hfill\roman{page}}} | |
224 | } | |
225 | \else | |
226 | { | |
227 | \hspace*{-3.25cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\roman{page}\hfill\mbox{}}} | |
228 | } | |
229 | } | |
230 | \fi | |
231 | } | |
232 | } | |
233 | { | |
234 | \ifodd\count0 | |
235 | \mbox{} \hfill | |
236 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
237 | \else | |
238 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
239 | \hfill \mbox{} | |
240 | \fi | |
241 | } | |
242 | ||
243 | \newpagestyle{gnusindex}% | |
244 | { | |
245 | { | |
246 | \ifodd\count0 | |
247 | { | |
248 | \hspace*{-0.23cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\gnuschaptername\hfill\arabic{page}}}} | |
249 | } | |
250 | \else | |
251 | { | |
252 | \hspace*{-3.25cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\arabic{page}\hfill\gnuschaptername}}} | |
253 | } | |
254 | \fi | |
255 | } | |
256 | } | |
257 | { | |
258 | \ifodd\count0 | |
259 | \mbox{} \hfill | |
260 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
261 | \else | |
262 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
263 | \hfill \mbox{} | |
264 | \fi | |
265 | } | |
266 | ||
267 | \newpagestyle{gnus}% | |
268 | { | |
269 | { | |
270 | \ifodd\count0 | |
271 | { | |
272 | \makebox[12cm]{\hspace*{3.1cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}} \textbf{\gnussectionname\hfill\arabic{page}}}}} | |
273 | } | |
274 | \else | |
275 | { | |
276 | \makebox[12cm]{\hspace*{-2.95cm}\underline{\makebox[\gnusheadtextwidth]{\textbf{\arabic{page}\hfill\gnuschaptername}}}} | |
277 | } | |
278 | \fi | |
279 | } | |
280 | } | |
281 | { | |
282 | \ifodd\count0 | |
283 | \mbox{} \hfill | |
284 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
285 | \else | |
286 | \raisebox{-0.5cm}{\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=1cm}} | |
287 | \hfill \mbox{} | |
288 | \fi | |
289 | } | |
290 | ||
291 | \pagenumbering{roman} | |
292 | \pagestyle{gnuspreamble} | |
293 | ||
294 | @end iflatex | |
295 | @end iftex | |
296 | ||
297 | @iftex | |
298 | @iflatex | |
299 | ||
300 | \begin{titlepage} | |
301 | { | |
302 | ||
303 | %\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-5cm} | |
304 | %\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-5cm} | |
305 | \parindent=0cm | |
306 | \addtolength{\textheight}{2cm} | |
307 | ||
308 | \gnustitle{\gnustitlename}\hfill\gnusversion{\gnusversionname}\\ | |
309 | \rule{15cm}{1mm}\\ | |
310 | \vfill | |
311 | \hspace*{0cm}\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo,height=15cm} | |
312 | \vfill | |
313 | \rule{15cm}{1mm}\\ | |
314 | \gnusauthor{by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen} | |
315 | \newpage | |
316 | } | |
317 | ||
318 | \mbox{} | |
319 | \vfill | |
320 | ||
321 | \thispagestyle{empty} | |
322 | ||
323 | @c @insertcopying | |
324 | \newpage | |
325 | \end{titlepage} | |
326 | @end iflatex | |
327 | @end iftex | |
328 | ||
329 | @ifnottex | |
330 | @insertcopying | |
331 | @end ifnottex | |
332 | ||
333 | @dircategory Emacs | |
334 | @direntry | |
335 | * Gnus: (gnus). The newsreader Gnus. | |
336 | @end direntry | |
337 | @iftex | |
338 | @finalout | |
339 | @end iftex | |
340 | @setchapternewpage odd | |
341 | ||
342 | ||
343 | ||
344 | @titlepage | |
345 | @title Gnus Manual | |
346 | ||
347 | @author by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen | |
348 | @page | |
349 | @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
350 | @insertcopying | |
351 | @end titlepage | |
352 | ||
353 | ||
354 | @node Top | |
355 | @top The Gnus Newsreader | |
356 | ||
357 | @ifinfo | |
358 | ||
359 | You can read news (and mail) from within Emacs by using Gnus. The news | |
360 | can be gotten by any nefarious means you can think of---@acronym{NNTP}, local | |
361 | spool or your mbox file. All at the same time, if you want to push your | |
362 | luck. | |
363 | ||
364 | @c Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change the following line: | |
01c52d31 | 365 | This manual corresponds to No Gnus v0.7. |
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366 | |
367 | @end ifinfo | |
368 | ||
369 | @iftex | |
370 | ||
371 | @iflatex | |
372 | \tableofcontents | |
373 | \gnuscleardoublepage | |
374 | @end iflatex | |
375 | ||
376 | Gnus is the advanced, self-documenting, customizable, extensible | |
377 | unreal-time newsreader for GNU Emacs. | |
378 | ||
379 | Oops. That sounds oddly familiar, so let's start over again to avoid | |
380 | being accused of plagiarism: | |
381 | ||
382 | Gnus is a message-reading laboratory. It will let you look at just | |
383 | about anything as if it were a newsgroup. You can read mail with it, | |
384 | you can browse directories with it, you can @code{ftp} with it---you | |
385 | can even read news with it! | |
386 | ||
387 | Gnus tries to empower people who read news the same way Emacs empowers | |
388 | people who edit text. Gnus sets no limits to what the user should be | |
389 | allowed to do. Users are encouraged to extend Gnus to make it behave | |
390 | like they want it to behave. A program should not control people; | |
391 | people should be empowered to do what they want by using (or abusing) | |
392 | the program. | |
393 | ||
394 | @end iftex | |
395 | ||
396 | @menu | |
397 | * Starting Up:: Finding news can be a pain. | |
398 | * Group Buffer:: Selecting, subscribing and killing groups. | |
399 | * Summary Buffer:: Reading, saving and posting articles. | |
400 | * Article Buffer:: Displaying and handling articles. | |
401 | * Composing Messages:: Information on sending mail and news. | |
402 | * Select Methods:: Gnus reads all messages from various select methods. | |
403 | * Scoring:: Assigning values to articles. | |
404 | * Various:: General purpose settings. | |
405 | * The End:: Farewell and goodbye. | |
406 | * Appendices:: Terminology, Emacs intro, @acronym{FAQ}, History, Internals. | |
407 | * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. | |
408 | * Index:: Variable, function and concept index. | |
409 | * Key Index:: Key Index. | |
410 | ||
411 | Other related manuals | |
412 | ||
413 | * Message:(message). Composing messages. | |
414 | * Emacs-MIME:(emacs-mime). Composing messages; @acronym{MIME}-specific parts. | |
415 | * Sieve:(sieve). Managing Sieve scripts in Emacs. | |
416 | * PGG:(pgg). @acronym{PGP/MIME} with Gnus. | |
01c52d31 | 417 | * SASL:(sasl). @acronym{SASL} authentication in Emacs. |
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418 | |
419 | @detailmenu | |
420 | --- The Detailed Node Listing --- | |
421 | ||
422 | Starting Gnus | |
423 | ||
424 | * Finding the News:: Choosing a method for getting news. | |
425 | * The First Time:: What does Gnus do the first time you start it? | |
426 | * The Server is Down:: How can I read my mail then? | |
427 | * Slave Gnusae:: You can have more than one Gnus active at a time. | |
428 | * Fetching a Group:: Starting Gnus just to read a group. | |
429 | * New Groups:: What is Gnus supposed to do with new groups? | |
430 | * Changing Servers:: You may want to move from one server to another. | |
431 | * Startup Files:: Those pesky startup files---@file{.newsrc}. | |
432 | * Auto Save:: Recovering from a crash. | |
433 | * The Active File:: Reading the active file over a slow line Takes Time. | |
434 | * Startup Variables:: Other variables you might change. | |
435 | ||
436 | New Groups | |
437 | ||
438 | * Checking New Groups:: Determining what groups are new. | |
439 | * Subscription Methods:: What Gnus should do with new groups. | |
440 | * Filtering New Groups:: Making Gnus ignore certain new groups. | |
441 | ||
442 | Group Buffer | |
443 | ||
444 | * Group Buffer Format:: Information listed and how you can change it. | |
445 | * Group Maneuvering:: Commands for moving in the group buffer. | |
446 | * Selecting a Group:: Actually reading news. | |
447 | * Subscription Commands:: Unsubscribing, killing, subscribing. | |
448 | * Group Data:: Changing the info for a group. | |
449 | * Group Levels:: Levels? What are those, then? | |
450 | * Group Score:: A mechanism for finding out what groups you like. | |
451 | * Marking Groups:: You can mark groups for later processing. | |
452 | * Foreign Groups:: Creating and editing groups. | |
453 | * Group Parameters:: Each group may have different parameters set. | |
454 | * Listing Groups:: Gnus can list various subsets of the groups. | |
455 | * Sorting Groups:: Re-arrange the group order. | |
456 | * Group Maintenance:: Maintaining a tidy @file{.newsrc} file. | |
457 | * Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer. | |
458 | * Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done. | |
459 | * Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics. | |
01c52d31 | 460 | * Non-ASCII Group Names:: Accessing groups of non-English names. |
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461 | * Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do. |
462 | ||
463 | Group Buffer Format | |
464 | ||
465 | * Group Line Specification:: Deciding how the group buffer is to look. | |
466 | * Group Mode Line Specification:: The group buffer mode line. | |
467 | * Group Highlighting:: Having nice colors in the group buffer. | |
468 | ||
469 | Group Topics | |
470 | ||
471 | * Topic Commands:: Interactive E-Z commands. | |
472 | * Topic Variables:: How to customize the topics the Lisp Way. | |
473 | * Topic Sorting:: Sorting each topic individually. | |
474 | * Topic Topology:: A map of the world. | |
475 | * Topic Parameters:: Parameters that apply to all groups in a topic. | |
476 | ||
477 | Misc Group Stuff | |
478 | ||
479 | * Scanning New Messages:: Asking Gnus to see whether new messages have arrived. | |
480 | * Group Information:: Information and help on groups and Gnus. | |
481 | * Group Timestamp:: Making Gnus keep track of when you last read a group. | |
482 | * File Commands:: Reading and writing the Gnus files. | |
483 | * Sieve Commands:: Managing Sieve scripts. | |
484 | ||
485 | Summary Buffer | |
486 | ||
487 | * Summary Buffer Format:: Deciding how the summary buffer is to look. | |
488 | * Summary Maneuvering:: Moving around the summary buffer. | |
489 | * Choosing Articles:: Reading articles. | |
490 | * Paging the Article:: Scrolling the current article. | |
491 | * Reply Followup and Post:: Posting articles. | |
492 | * Delayed Articles:: Send articles at a later time. | |
493 | * Marking Articles:: Marking articles as read, expirable, etc. | |
494 | * Limiting:: You can limit the summary buffer. | |
495 | * Threading:: How threads are made. | |
496 | * Sorting the Summary Buffer:: How articles and threads are sorted. | |
497 | * Asynchronous Fetching:: Gnus might be able to pre-fetch articles. | |
498 | * Article Caching:: You may store articles in a cache. | |
499 | * Persistent Articles:: Making articles expiry-resistant. | |
01c52d31 | 500 | * Sticky Articles:: Article buffers that are not reused. |
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501 | * Article Backlog:: Having already read articles hang around. |
502 | * Saving Articles:: Ways of customizing article saving. | |
503 | * Decoding Articles:: Gnus can treat series of (uu)encoded articles. | |
504 | * Article Treatment:: The article buffer can be mangled at will. | |
505 | * MIME Commands:: Doing MIMEy things with the articles. | |
506 | * Charsets:: Character set issues. | |
507 | * Article Commands:: Doing various things with the article buffer. | |
508 | * Summary Sorting:: Sorting the summary buffer in various ways. | |
509 | * Finding the Parent:: No child support? Get the parent. | |
510 | * Alternative Approaches:: Reading using non-default summaries. | |
511 | * Tree Display:: A more visual display of threads. | |
512 | * Mail Group Commands:: Some commands can only be used in mail groups. | |
513 | * Various Summary Stuff:: What didn't fit anywhere else. | |
514 | * Exiting the Summary Buffer:: Returning to the Group buffer, | |
515 | or reselecting the current group. | |
516 | * Crosspost Handling:: How crossposted articles are dealt with. | |
517 | * Duplicate Suppression:: An alternative when crosspost handling fails. | |
518 | * Security:: Decrypt and Verify. | |
519 | * Mailing List:: Mailing list minor mode. | |
520 | ||
521 | Summary Buffer Format | |
522 | ||
523 | * Summary Buffer Lines:: You can specify how summary lines should look. | |
524 | * To From Newsgroups:: How to not display your own name. | |
525 | * Summary Buffer Mode Line:: You can say how the mode line should look. | |
526 | * Summary Highlighting:: Making the summary buffer all pretty and nice. | |
527 | ||
528 | Choosing Articles | |
529 | ||
530 | * Choosing Commands:: Commands for choosing articles. | |
531 | * Choosing Variables:: Variables that influence these commands. | |
532 | ||
533 | Reply, Followup and Post | |
534 | ||
535 | * Summary Mail Commands:: Sending mail. | |
536 | * Summary Post Commands:: Sending news. | |
537 | * Summary Message Commands:: Other Message-related commands. | |
538 | * Canceling and Superseding:: | |
539 | ||
540 | Marking Articles | |
541 | ||
542 | * Unread Articles:: Marks for unread articles. | |
543 | * Read Articles:: Marks for read articles. | |
544 | * Other Marks:: Marks that do not affect readedness. | |
545 | * Setting Marks:: How to set and remove marks. | |
546 | * Generic Marking Commands:: How to customize the marking. | |
547 | * Setting Process Marks:: How to mark articles for later processing. | |
548 | ||
549 | Threading | |
550 | ||
551 | * Customizing Threading:: Variables you can change to affect the threading. | |
552 | * Thread Commands:: Thread based commands in the summary buffer. | |
553 | ||
554 | Customizing Threading | |
555 | ||
556 | * Loose Threads:: How Gnus gathers loose threads into bigger threads. | |
557 | * Filling In Threads:: Making the threads displayed look fuller. | |
558 | * More Threading:: Even more variables for fiddling with threads. | |
559 | * Low-Level Threading:: You thought it was over@dots{} but you were wrong! | |
560 | ||
561 | Decoding Articles | |
562 | ||
563 | * Uuencoded Articles:: Uudecode articles. | |
564 | * Shell Archives:: Unshar articles. | |
565 | * PostScript Files:: Split PostScript. | |
566 | * Other Files:: Plain save and binhex. | |
567 | * Decoding Variables:: Variables for a happy decoding. | |
568 | * Viewing Files:: You want to look at the result of the decoding? | |
569 | ||
570 | Decoding Variables | |
571 | ||
572 | * Rule Variables:: Variables that say how a file is to be viewed. | |
573 | * Other Decode Variables:: Other decode variables. | |
574 | * Uuencoding and Posting:: Variables for customizing uuencoding. | |
575 | ||
576 | Article Treatment | |
577 | ||
578 | * Article Highlighting:: You want to make the article look like fruit salad. | |
579 | * Article Fontisizing:: Making emphasized text look nice. | |
580 | * Article Hiding:: You also want to make certain info go away. | |
581 | * Article Washing:: Lots of way-neat functions to make life better. | |
582 | * Article Header:: Doing various header transformations. | |
583 | * Article Buttons:: Click on URLs, Message-IDs, addresses and the like. | |
584 | * Article Button Levels:: Controlling appearance of buttons. | |
585 | * Article Date:: Grumble, UT! | |
586 | * Article Display:: Display various stuff---X-Face, Picons, Smileys | |
587 | * Article Signature:: What is a signature? | |
588 | * Article Miscellanea:: Various other stuff. | |
589 | ||
590 | Alternative Approaches | |
591 | ||
592 | * Pick and Read:: First mark articles and then read them. | |
593 | * Binary Groups:: Auto-decode all articles. | |
594 | ||
595 | Various Summary Stuff | |
596 | ||
597 | * Summary Group Information:: Information oriented commands. | |
598 | * Searching for Articles:: Multiple article commands. | |
599 | * Summary Generation Commands:: | |
600 | * Really Various Summary Commands:: Those pesky non-conformant commands. | |
601 | ||
602 | Article Buffer | |
603 | ||
604 | * Hiding Headers:: Deciding what headers should be displayed. | |
605 | * Using MIME:: Pushing articles through @acronym{MIME} before reading them. | |
606 | * Customizing Articles:: Tailoring the look of the articles. | |
607 | * Article Keymap:: Keystrokes available in the article buffer. | |
608 | * Misc Article:: Other stuff. | |
609 | ||
610 | Composing Messages | |
611 | ||
612 | * Mail:: Mailing and replying. | |
613 | * Posting Server:: What server should you post and mail via? | |
614 | * POP before SMTP:: You cannot send a mail unless you read a mail. | |
615 | * Mail and Post:: Mailing and posting at the same time. | |
616 | * Archived Messages:: Where Gnus stores the messages you've sent. | |
617 | * Posting Styles:: An easier way to specify who you are. | |
618 | * Drafts:: Postponing messages and rejected messages. | |
619 | * Rejected Articles:: What happens if the server doesn't like your article? | |
620 | * Signing and encrypting:: How to compose secure messages. | |
621 | ||
622 | Select Methods | |
623 | ||
624 | * Server Buffer:: Making and editing virtual servers. | |
625 | * Getting News:: Reading USENET news with Gnus. | |
626 | * Getting Mail:: Reading your personal mail with Gnus. | |
627 | * Browsing the Web:: Getting messages from a plethora of Web sources. | |
628 | * IMAP:: Using Gnus as a @acronym{IMAP} client. | |
629 | * Other Sources:: Reading directories, files, SOUP packets. | |
630 | * Combined Groups:: Combining groups into one group. | |
631 | * Email Based Diary:: Using mails to manage diary events in Gnus. | |
632 | * Gnus Unplugged:: Reading news and mail offline. | |
633 | ||
634 | Server Buffer | |
635 | ||
636 | * Server Buffer Format:: You can customize the look of this buffer. | |
637 | * Server Commands:: Commands to manipulate servers. | |
638 | * Example Methods:: Examples server specifications. | |
639 | * Creating a Virtual Server:: An example session. | |
640 | * Server Variables:: Which variables to set. | |
641 | * Servers and Methods:: You can use server names as select methods. | |
642 | * Unavailable Servers:: Some servers you try to contact may be down. | |
643 | ||
644 | Getting News | |
645 | ||
646 | * NNTP:: Reading news from an @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
647 | * News Spool:: Reading news from the local spool. | |
648 | ||
649 | @acronym{NNTP} | |
650 | ||
651 | * Direct Functions:: Connecting directly to the server. | |
652 | * Indirect Functions:: Connecting indirectly to the server. | |
653 | * Common Variables:: Understood by several connection functions. | |
01c52d31 | 654 | * NNTP marks:: Storing marks for @acronym{NNTP} servers. |
4009494e GM |
655 | |
656 | Getting Mail | |
657 | ||
658 | * Mail in a Newsreader:: Important introductory notes. | |
659 | * Getting Started Reading Mail:: A simple cookbook example. | |
660 | * Splitting Mail:: How to create mail groups. | |
661 | * Mail Sources:: How to tell Gnus where to get mail from. | |
662 | * Mail Back End Variables:: Variables for customizing mail handling. | |
663 | * Fancy Mail Splitting:: Gnus can do hairy splitting of incoming mail. | |
664 | * Group Mail Splitting:: Use group customize to drive mail splitting. | |
665 | * Incorporating Old Mail:: What about the old mail you have? | |
666 | * Expiring Mail:: Getting rid of unwanted mail. | |
667 | * Washing Mail:: Removing cruft from the mail you get. | |
668 | * Duplicates:: Dealing with duplicated mail. | |
669 | * Not Reading Mail:: Using mail back ends for reading other files. | |
670 | * Choosing a Mail Back End:: Gnus can read a variety of mail formats. | |
671 | ||
672 | Mail Sources | |
673 | ||
674 | * Mail Source Specifiers:: How to specify what a mail source is. | |
675 | * Mail Source Customization:: Some variables that influence things. | |
676 | * Fetching Mail:: Using the mail source specifiers. | |
677 | ||
678 | Choosing a Mail Back End | |
679 | ||
680 | * Unix Mail Box:: Using the (quite) standard Un*x mbox. | |
681 | * Rmail Babyl:: Emacs programs use the Rmail Babyl format. | |
682 | * Mail Spool:: Store your mail in a private spool? | |
683 | * MH Spool:: An mhspool-like back end. | |
684 | * Maildir:: Another one-file-per-message format. | |
685 | * Mail Folders:: Having one file for each group. | |
686 | * Comparing Mail Back Ends:: An in-depth looks at pros and cons. | |
687 | ||
688 | Browsing the Web | |
689 | ||
690 | * Archiving Mail:: | |
691 | * Web Searches:: Creating groups from articles that match a string. | |
692 | * Slashdot:: Reading the Slashdot comments. | |
693 | * Ultimate:: The Ultimate Bulletin Board systems. | |
694 | * Web Archive:: Reading mailing list archived on web. | |
695 | * RSS:: Reading RDF site summary. | |
696 | * Customizing W3:: Doing stuff to Emacs/W3 from Gnus. | |
697 | ||
698 | @acronym{IMAP} | |
699 | ||
700 | * Splitting in IMAP:: Splitting mail with nnimap. | |
701 | * Expiring in IMAP:: Expiring mail with nnimap. | |
702 | * Editing IMAP ACLs:: Limiting/enabling other users access to a mailbox. | |
703 | * Expunging mailboxes:: Equivalent of a ``compress mailbox'' button. | |
704 | * A note on namespaces:: How to (not) use @acronym{IMAP} namespace in Gnus. | |
705 | * Debugging IMAP:: What to do when things don't work. | |
706 | ||
707 | Other Sources | |
708 | ||
709 | * Directory Groups:: You can read a directory as if it was a newsgroup. | |
710 | * Anything Groups:: Dired? Who needs dired? | |
711 | * Document Groups:: Single files can be the basis of a group. | |
712 | * SOUP:: Reading @sc{soup} packets ``offline''. | |
713 | * Mail-To-News Gateways:: Posting articles via mail-to-news gateways. | |
714 | ||
715 | Document Groups | |
716 | ||
717 | * Document Server Internals:: How to add your own document types. | |
718 | ||
719 | SOUP | |
720 | ||
721 | * SOUP Commands:: Commands for creating and sending @sc{soup} packets | |
722 | * SOUP Groups:: A back end for reading @sc{soup} packets. | |
723 | * SOUP Replies:: How to enable @code{nnsoup} to take over mail and news. | |
724 | ||
725 | Combined Groups | |
726 | ||
727 | * Virtual Groups:: Combining articles from many groups. | |
728 | * Kibozed Groups:: Looking through parts of the newsfeed for articles. | |
729 | ||
730 | Email Based Diary | |
731 | ||
732 | * The NNDiary Back End:: Basic setup and usage. | |
733 | * The Gnus Diary Library:: Utility toolkit on top of nndiary. | |
734 | * Sending or Not Sending:: A final note on sending diary messages. | |
735 | ||
736 | The NNDiary Back End | |
737 | ||
738 | * Diary Messages:: What makes a message valid for nndiary. | |
739 | * Running NNDiary:: NNDiary has two modes of operation. | |
740 | * Customizing NNDiary:: Bells and whistles. | |
741 | ||
742 | The Gnus Diary Library | |
743 | ||
744 | * Diary Summary Line Format:: A nicer summary buffer line format. | |
745 | * Diary Articles Sorting:: A nicer way to sort messages. | |
746 | * Diary Headers Generation:: Not doing it manually. | |
747 | * Diary Group Parameters:: Not handling them manually. | |
748 | ||
749 | Gnus Unplugged | |
750 | ||
751 | * Agent Basics:: How it all is supposed to work. | |
752 | * Agent Categories:: How to tell the Gnus Agent what to download. | |
753 | * Agent Commands:: New commands for all the buffers. | |
754 | * Agent Visuals:: Ways that the agent may effect your summary buffer. | |
755 | * Agent as Cache:: The Agent is a big cache too. | |
756 | * Agent Expiry:: How to make old articles go away. | |
757 | * Agent Regeneration:: How to recover from lost connections and other accidents. | |
01c52d31 | 758 | * Agent and flags:: How the Agent maintains flags. |
4009494e GM |
759 | * Agent and IMAP:: How to use the Agent with @acronym{IMAP}. |
760 | * Outgoing Messages:: What happens when you post/mail something? | |
761 | * Agent Variables:: Customizing is fun. | |
762 | * Example Setup:: An example @file{~/.gnus.el} file for offline people. | |
763 | * Batching Agents:: How to fetch news from a @code{cron} job. | |
764 | * Agent Caveats:: What you think it'll do and what it does. | |
765 | ||
766 | Agent Categories | |
767 | ||
768 | * Category Syntax:: What a category looks like. | |
769 | * Category Buffer:: A buffer for maintaining categories. | |
770 | * Category Variables:: Customize'r'Us. | |
771 | ||
772 | Agent Commands | |
773 | ||
774 | * Group Agent Commands:: Configure groups and fetch their contents. | |
775 | * Summary Agent Commands:: Manually select then fetch specific articles. | |
776 | * Server Agent Commands:: Select the servers that are supported by the agent. | |
777 | ||
778 | Scoring | |
779 | ||
780 | * Summary Score Commands:: Adding score entries for the current group. | |
781 | * Group Score Commands:: General score commands. | |
782 | * Score Variables:: Customize your scoring. (My, what terminology). | |
783 | * Score File Format:: What a score file may contain. | |
784 | * Score File Editing:: You can edit score files by hand as well. | |
785 | * Adaptive Scoring:: Big Sister Gnus knows what you read. | |
786 | * Home Score File:: How to say where new score entries are to go. | |
787 | * Followups To Yourself:: Having Gnus notice when people answer you. | |
788 | * Scoring On Other Headers:: Scoring on non-standard headers. | |
789 | * Scoring Tips:: How to score effectively. | |
790 | * Reverse Scoring:: That problem child of old is not problem. | |
791 | * Global Score Files:: Earth-spanning, ear-splitting score files. | |
792 | * Kill Files:: They are still here, but they can be ignored. | |
793 | * Converting Kill Files:: Translating kill files to score files. | |
4009494e GM |
794 | * Advanced Scoring:: Using logical expressions to build score rules. |
795 | * Score Decays:: It can be useful to let scores wither away. | |
796 | ||
4009494e GM |
797 | Advanced Scoring |
798 | ||
799 | * Advanced Scoring Syntax:: A definition. | |
800 | * Advanced Scoring Examples:: What they look like. | |
801 | * Advanced Scoring Tips:: Getting the most out of it. | |
802 | ||
803 | Various | |
804 | ||
805 | * Process/Prefix:: A convention used by many treatment commands. | |
806 | * Interactive:: Making Gnus ask you many questions. | |
807 | * Symbolic Prefixes:: How to supply some Gnus functions with options. | |
808 | * Formatting Variables:: You can specify what buffers should look like. | |
809 | * Window Layout:: Configuring the Gnus buffer windows. | |
810 | * Faces and Fonts:: How to change how faces look. | |
811 | * Compilation:: How to speed Gnus up. | |
812 | * Mode Lines:: Displaying information in the mode lines. | |
813 | * Highlighting and Menus:: Making buffers look all nice and cozy. | |
814 | * Buttons:: Get tendinitis in ten easy steps! | |
815 | * Daemons:: Gnus can do things behind your back. | |
816 | * NoCeM:: How to avoid spam and other fatty foods. | |
817 | * Undo:: Some actions can be undone. | |
818 | * Predicate Specifiers:: Specifying predicates. | |
819 | * Moderation:: What to do if you're a moderator. | |
820 | * Image Enhancements:: Modern versions of Emacs/XEmacs can display images. | |
821 | * Fuzzy Matching:: What's the big fuzz? | |
822 | * Thwarting Email Spam:: Simple ways to avoid unsolicited commercial email. | |
823 | * Spam Package:: A package for filtering and processing spam. | |
824 | * Other modes:: Interaction with other modes. | |
825 | * Various Various:: Things that are really various. | |
826 | ||
827 | Formatting Variables | |
828 | ||
829 | * Formatting Basics:: A formatting variable is basically a format string. | |
830 | * Mode Line Formatting:: Some rules about mode line formatting variables. | |
831 | * Advanced Formatting:: Modifying output in various ways. | |
832 | * User-Defined Specs:: Having Gnus call your own functions. | |
833 | * Formatting Fonts:: Making the formatting look colorful and nice. | |
834 | * Positioning Point:: Moving point to a position after an operation. | |
835 | * Tabulation:: Tabulating your output. | |
836 | * Wide Characters:: Dealing with wide characters. | |
837 | ||
838 | Image Enhancements | |
839 | ||
840 | * X-Face:: Display a funky, teensy black-and-white image. | |
841 | * Face:: Display a funkier, teensier colored image. | |
842 | * Smileys:: Show all those happy faces the way they were | |
843 | meant to be shown. | |
844 | * Picons:: How to display pictures of what you're reading. | |
845 | * XVarious:: Other XEmacsy Gnusey variables. | |
846 | ||
847 | Thwarting Email Spam | |
848 | ||
849 | * The problem of spam:: Some background, and some solutions | |
850 | * Anti-Spam Basics:: Simple steps to reduce the amount of spam. | |
851 | * SpamAssassin:: How to use external anti-spam tools. | |
852 | * Hashcash:: Reduce spam by burning CPU time. | |
853 | ||
854 | Spam Package | |
855 | ||
856 | * Spam Package Introduction:: | |
857 | * Filtering Incoming Mail:: | |
858 | * Detecting Spam in Groups:: | |
859 | * Spam and Ham Processors:: | |
860 | * Spam Package Configuration Examples:: | |
861 | * Spam Back Ends:: | |
862 | * Extending the Spam package:: | |
863 | * Spam Statistics Package:: | |
864 | ||
865 | Spam Statistics Package | |
866 | ||
867 | * Creating a spam-stat dictionary:: | |
868 | * Splitting mail using spam-stat:: | |
869 | * Low-level interface to the spam-stat dictionary:: | |
870 | ||
871 | Appendices | |
872 | ||
873 | * XEmacs:: Requirements for installing under XEmacs. | |
874 | * History:: How Gnus got where it is today. | |
875 | * On Writing Manuals:: Why this is not a beginner's guide. | |
876 | * Terminology:: We use really difficult, like, words here. | |
877 | * Customization:: Tailoring Gnus to your needs. | |
878 | * Troubleshooting:: What you might try if things do not work. | |
879 | * Gnus Reference Guide:: Rilly, rilly technical stuff. | |
880 | * Emacs for Heathens:: A short introduction to Emacsian terms. | |
881 | * Frequently Asked Questions:: The Gnus FAQ | |
882 | ||
883 | History | |
884 | ||
885 | * Gnus Versions:: What Gnus versions have been released. | |
886 | * Other Gnus Versions:: Other Gnus versions that also have been released. | |
887 | * Why?:: What's the point of Gnus? | |
888 | * Compatibility:: Just how compatible is Gnus with @sc{gnus}? | |
889 | * Conformity:: Gnus tries to conform to all standards. | |
890 | * Emacsen:: Gnus can be run on a few modern Emacsen. | |
891 | * Gnus Development:: How Gnus is developed. | |
892 | * Contributors:: Oodles of people. | |
893 | * New Features:: Pointers to some of the new stuff in Gnus. | |
894 | ||
895 | New Features | |
896 | ||
897 | * ding Gnus:: New things in Gnus 5.0/5.1, the first new Gnus. | |
898 | * September Gnus:: The Thing Formally Known As Gnus 5.2/5.3. | |
899 | * Red Gnus:: Third time best---Gnus 5.4/5.5. | |
900 | * Quassia Gnus:: Two times two is four, or Gnus 5.6/5.7. | |
901 | * Pterodactyl Gnus:: Pentad also starts with P, AKA Gnus 5.8/5.9. | |
902 | * Oort Gnus:: It's big. It's far out. Gnus 5.10/5.11. | |
01c52d31 | 903 | * No Gnus:: Very punny. |
4009494e GM |
904 | |
905 | Customization | |
906 | ||
907 | * Slow/Expensive Connection:: You run a local Emacs and get the news elsewhere. | |
908 | * Slow Terminal Connection:: You run a remote Emacs. | |
909 | * Little Disk Space:: You feel that having large setup files is icky. | |
910 | * Slow Machine:: You feel like buying a faster machine. | |
911 | ||
912 | Gnus Reference Guide | |
913 | ||
914 | * Gnus Utility Functions:: Common functions and variable to use. | |
915 | * Back End Interface:: How Gnus communicates with the servers. | |
916 | * Score File Syntax:: A BNF definition of the score file standard. | |
917 | * Headers:: How Gnus stores headers internally. | |
918 | * Ranges:: A handy format for storing mucho numbers. | |
919 | * Group Info:: The group info format. | |
920 | * Extended Interactive:: Symbolic prefixes and stuff. | |
921 | * Emacs/XEmacs Code:: Gnus can be run under all modern Emacsen. | |
922 | * Various File Formats:: Formats of files that Gnus use. | |
923 | ||
924 | Back End Interface | |
925 | ||
926 | * Required Back End Functions:: Functions that must be implemented. | |
927 | * Optional Back End Functions:: Functions that need not be implemented. | |
928 | * Error Messaging:: How to get messages and report errors. | |
929 | * Writing New Back Ends:: Extending old back ends. | |
930 | * Hooking New Back Ends Into Gnus:: What has to be done on the Gnus end. | |
931 | * Mail-like Back Ends:: Some tips on mail back ends. | |
932 | ||
933 | Various File Formats | |
934 | ||
935 | * Active File Format:: Information on articles and groups available. | |
936 | * Newsgroups File Format:: Group descriptions. | |
937 | ||
938 | Emacs for Heathens | |
939 | ||
940 | * Keystrokes:: Entering text and executing commands. | |
941 | * Emacs Lisp:: The built-in Emacs programming language. | |
942 | ||
943 | @end detailmenu | |
944 | @end menu | |
945 | ||
946 | @node Starting Up | |
947 | @chapter Starting Gnus | |
948 | @cindex starting up | |
949 | ||
950 | If you haven't used Emacs much before using Gnus, read @ref{Emacs for | |
951 | Heathens} first. | |
952 | ||
953 | @kindex M-x gnus | |
954 | @findex gnus | |
955 | If your system administrator has set things up properly, starting Gnus | |
956 | and reading news is extremely easy---you just type @kbd{M-x gnus} in | |
957 | your Emacs. If not, you should customize the variable | |
958 | @code{gnus-select-method} as described in @ref{Finding the News}. For a | |
959 | minimal setup for posting should also customize the variables | |
960 | @code{user-full-name} and @code{user-mail-address}. | |
961 | ||
962 | @findex gnus-other-frame | |
963 | @kindex M-x gnus-other-frame | |
964 | If you want to start Gnus in a different frame, you can use the command | |
965 | @kbd{M-x gnus-other-frame} instead. | |
966 | ||
967 | If things do not go smoothly at startup, you have to twiddle some | |
968 | variables in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file. This file is similar to | |
969 | @file{~/.emacs}, but is read when Gnus starts. | |
970 | ||
971 | If you puzzle at any terms used in this manual, please refer to the | |
972 | terminology section (@pxref{Terminology}). | |
973 | ||
974 | @menu | |
975 | * Finding the News:: Choosing a method for getting news. | |
976 | * The First Time:: What does Gnus do the first time you start it? | |
977 | * The Server is Down:: How can I read my mail then? | |
978 | * Slave Gnusae:: You can have more than one Gnus active at a time. | |
979 | * New Groups:: What is Gnus supposed to do with new groups? | |
980 | * Changing Servers:: You may want to move from one server to another. | |
981 | * Startup Files:: Those pesky startup files---@file{.newsrc}. | |
982 | * Auto Save:: Recovering from a crash. | |
983 | * The Active File:: Reading the active file over a slow line Takes Time. | |
984 | * Startup Variables:: Other variables you might change. | |
985 | @end menu | |
986 | ||
987 | ||
988 | @node Finding the News | |
989 | @section Finding the News | |
990 | @cindex finding news | |
991 | ||
992 | @vindex gnus-select-method | |
993 | @c @head | |
994 | The @code{gnus-select-method} variable says where Gnus should look for | |
995 | news. This variable should be a list where the first element says | |
996 | @dfn{how} and the second element says @dfn{where}. This method is your | |
997 | native method. All groups not fetched with this method are | |
998 | foreign groups. | |
999 | ||
1000 | For instance, if the @samp{news.somewhere.edu} @acronym{NNTP} server is where | |
1001 | you want to get your daily dosage of news from, you'd say: | |
1002 | ||
1003 | @lisp | |
1004 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.somewhere.edu")) | |
1005 | @end lisp | |
1006 | ||
1007 | If you want to read directly from the local spool, say: | |
1008 | ||
1009 | @lisp | |
1010 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) | |
1011 | @end lisp | |
1012 | ||
1013 | If you can use a local spool, you probably should, as it will almost | |
1014 | certainly be much faster. But do not use the local spool if your | |
1015 | server is running Leafnode (which is a simple, standalone private news | |
1016 | server); in this case, use @code{(nntp "localhost")}. | |
1017 | ||
1018 | @vindex gnus-nntpserver-file | |
1019 | @cindex NNTPSERVER | |
1020 | @cindex @acronym{NNTP} server | |
1021 | If this variable is not set, Gnus will take a look at the | |
1022 | @env{NNTPSERVER} environment variable. If that variable isn't set, | |
1023 | Gnus will see whether @code{gnus-nntpserver-file} | |
1024 | (@file{/etc/nntpserver} by default) has any opinions on the matter. | |
1025 | If that fails as well, Gnus will try to use the machine running Emacs | |
1026 | as an @acronym{NNTP} server. That's a long shot, though. | |
1027 | ||
1028 | @vindex gnus-nntp-server | |
1029 | If @code{gnus-nntp-server} is set, this variable will override | |
1030 | @code{gnus-select-method}. You should therefore set | |
1031 | @code{gnus-nntp-server} to @code{nil}, which is what it is by default. | |
1032 | ||
1033 | @vindex gnus-secondary-servers | |
1034 | @vindex gnus-nntp-server | |
1035 | You can also make Gnus prompt you interactively for the name of an | |
1036 | @acronym{NNTP} server. If you give a non-numerical prefix to @code{gnus} | |
1037 | (i.e., @kbd{C-u M-x gnus}), Gnus will let you choose between the servers | |
1038 | in the @code{gnus-secondary-servers} list (if any). You can also just | |
1039 | type in the name of any server you feel like visiting. (Note that this | |
1040 | will set @code{gnus-nntp-server}, which means that if you then @kbd{M-x | |
1041 | gnus} later in the same Emacs session, Gnus will contact the same | |
1042 | server.) | |
1043 | ||
1044 | @findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server | |
1045 | @kindex B (Group) | |
1046 | However, if you use one @acronym{NNTP} server regularly and are just | |
1047 | interested in a couple of groups from a different server, you would be | |
1048 | better served by using the @kbd{B} command in the group buffer. It will | |
1049 | let you have a look at what groups are available, and you can subscribe | |
1050 | to any of the groups you want to. This also makes @file{.newsrc} | |
1051 | maintenance much tidier. @xref{Foreign Groups}. | |
1052 | ||
1053 | @vindex gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
1054 | @c @head | |
1055 | A slightly different approach to foreign groups is to set the | |
1056 | @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods} variable. The select methods | |
1057 | listed in this variable are in many ways just as native as the | |
1058 | @code{gnus-select-method} server. They will also be queried for active | |
1059 | files during startup (if that's required), and new newsgroups that | |
1060 | appear on these servers will be subscribed (or not) just as native | |
1061 | groups are. | |
1062 | ||
1063 | For instance, if you use the @code{nnmbox} back end to read your mail, | |
1064 | you would typically set this variable to | |
1065 | ||
1066 | @lisp | |
1067 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnmbox ""))) | |
1068 | @end lisp | |
1069 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
1070 | Note: the @acronym{NNTP} back end stores marks in marks files |
1071 | (@pxref{NNTP marks}). This feature makes it easy to share marks between | |
1072 | several Gnus installations, but may slow down things a bit when fetching | |
1073 | new articles. @xref{NNTP marks}, for more information. | |
1074 | ||
4009494e GM |
1075 | |
1076 | @node The First Time | |
1077 | @section The First Time | |
1078 | @cindex first time usage | |
1079 | ||
1080 | If no startup files exist (@pxref{Startup Files}), Gnus will try to | |
1081 | determine what groups should be subscribed by default. | |
1082 | ||
1083 | @vindex gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups | |
1084 | If the variable @code{gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups} is set, Gnus | |
1085 | will subscribe you to just those groups in that list, leaving the rest | |
1086 | killed. Your system administrator should have set this variable to | |
1087 | something useful. | |
1088 | ||
1089 | Since she hasn't, Gnus will just subscribe you to a few arbitrarily | |
1090 | picked groups (i.e., @samp{*.newusers}). (@dfn{Arbitrary} is defined | |
1091 | here as @dfn{whatever Lars thinks you should read}.) | |
1092 | ||
1093 | You'll also be subscribed to the Gnus documentation group, which should | |
1094 | help you with most common problems. | |
1095 | ||
1096 | If @code{gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups} is @code{t}, Gnus will just | |
1097 | use the normal functions for handling new groups, and not do anything | |
1098 | special. | |
1099 | ||
1100 | ||
1101 | @node The Server is Down | |
1102 | @section The Server is Down | |
1103 | @cindex server errors | |
1104 | ||
1105 | If the default server is down, Gnus will understandably have some | |
1106 | problems starting. However, if you have some mail groups in addition to | |
1107 | the news groups, you may want to start Gnus anyway. | |
1108 | ||
1109 | Gnus, being the trusting sort of program, will ask whether to proceed | |
1110 | without a native select method if that server can't be contacted. This | |
1111 | will happen whether the server doesn't actually exist (i.e., you have | |
1112 | given the wrong address) or the server has just momentarily taken ill | |
1113 | for some reason or other. If you decide to continue and have no foreign | |
1114 | groups, you'll find it difficult to actually do anything in the group | |
1115 | buffer. But, hey, that's your problem. Blllrph! | |
1116 | ||
1117 | @findex gnus-no-server | |
1118 | @kindex M-x gnus-no-server | |
1119 | @c @head | |
1120 | If you know that the server is definitely down, or you just want to read | |
1121 | your mail without bothering with the server at all, you can use the | |
1122 | @code{gnus-no-server} command to start Gnus. That might come in handy | |
1123 | if you're in a hurry as well. This command will not attempt to contact | |
1124 | your primary server---instead, it will just activate all groups on level | |
1125 | 1 and 2. (You should preferably keep no native groups on those two | |
1126 | levels.) Also @pxref{Group Levels}. | |
1127 | ||
1128 | ||
1129 | @node Slave Gnusae | |
1130 | @section Slave Gnusae | |
1131 | @cindex slave | |
1132 | ||
1133 | You might want to run more than one Emacs with more than one Gnus at the | |
1134 | same time. If you are using different @file{.newsrc} files (e.g., if you | |
1135 | are using the two different Gnusae to read from two different servers), | |
1136 | that is no problem whatsoever. You just do it. | |
1137 | ||
1138 | The problem appears when you want to run two Gnusae that use the same | |
1139 | @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1140 | ||
1141 | To work around that problem some, we here at the Think-Tank at the Gnus | |
1142 | Towers have come up with a new concept: @dfn{Masters} and | |
1143 | @dfn{slaves}. (We have applied for a patent on this concept, and have | |
1144 | taken out a copyright on those words. If you wish to use those words in | |
1145 | conjunction with each other, you have to send $1 per usage instance to | |
1146 | me. Usage of the patent (@dfn{Master/Slave Relationships In Computer | |
1147 | Applications}) will be much more expensive, of course.) | |
1148 | ||
1149 | @findex gnus-slave | |
1150 | Anyway, you start one Gnus up the normal way with @kbd{M-x gnus} (or | |
1151 | however you do it). Each subsequent slave Gnusae should be started with | |
1152 | @kbd{M-x gnus-slave}. These slaves won't save normal @file{.newsrc} | |
1153 | files, but instead save @dfn{slave files} that contain information only | |
1154 | on what groups have been read in the slave session. When a master Gnus | |
1155 | starts, it will read (and delete) these slave files, incorporating all | |
1156 | information from them. (The slave files will be read in the sequence | |
1157 | they were created, so the latest changes will have precedence.) | |
1158 | ||
1159 | Information from the slave files has, of course, precedence over the | |
1160 | information in the normal (i.e., master) @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1161 | ||
1162 | If the @file{.newsrc*} files have not been saved in the master when the | |
1163 | slave starts, you may be prompted as to whether to read an auto-save | |
1164 | file. If you answer ``yes'', the unsaved changes to the master will be | |
1165 | incorporated into the slave. If you answer ``no'', the slave may see some | |
1166 | messages as unread that have been read in the master. | |
1167 | ||
1168 | ||
1169 | ||
1170 | @node New Groups | |
1171 | @section New Groups | |
1172 | @cindex new groups | |
1173 | @cindex subscription | |
1174 | ||
1175 | @vindex gnus-check-new-newsgroups | |
1176 | If you are satisfied that you really never want to see any new groups, | |
1177 | you can set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{nil}. This will | |
1178 | also save you some time at startup. Even if this variable is | |
1179 | @code{nil}, you can always subscribe to the new groups just by pressing | |
1180 | @kbd{U} in the group buffer (@pxref{Group Maintenance}). This variable | |
1181 | is @code{ask-server} by default. If you set this variable to | |
1182 | @code{always}, then Gnus will query the back ends for new groups even | |
1183 | when you do the @kbd{g} command (@pxref{Scanning New Messages}). | |
1184 | ||
1185 | @menu | |
1186 | * Checking New Groups:: Determining what groups are new. | |
1187 | * Subscription Methods:: What Gnus should do with new groups. | |
1188 | * Filtering New Groups:: Making Gnus ignore certain new groups. | |
1189 | @end menu | |
1190 | ||
1191 | ||
1192 | @node Checking New Groups | |
1193 | @subsection Checking New Groups | |
1194 | ||
1195 | Gnus normally determines whether a group is new or not by comparing the | |
1196 | list of groups from the active file(s) with the lists of subscribed and | |
1197 | dead groups. This isn't a particularly fast method. If | |
1198 | @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} is @code{ask-server}, Gnus will ask the | |
1199 | server for new groups since the last time. This is both faster and | |
1200 | cheaper. This also means that you can get rid of the list of killed | |
1201 | groups altogether, so you may set @code{gnus-save-killed-list} to | |
1202 | @code{nil}, which will save time both at startup, at exit, and all over. | |
1203 | Saves disk space, too. Why isn't this the default, then? | |
1204 | Unfortunately, not all servers support this command. | |
1205 | ||
1206 | I bet I know what you're thinking now: How do I find out whether my | |
1207 | server supports @code{ask-server}? No? Good, because I don't have a | |
1208 | fail-safe answer. I would suggest just setting this variable to | |
1209 | @code{ask-server} and see whether any new groups appear within the next | |
1210 | few days. If any do, then it works. If none do, then it doesn't | |
1211 | work. I could write a function to make Gnus guess whether the server | |
1212 | supports @code{ask-server}, but it would just be a guess. So I won't. | |
1213 | You could @code{telnet} to the server and say @code{HELP} and see | |
1214 | whether it lists @samp{NEWGROUPS} among the commands it understands. If | |
1215 | it does, then it might work. (But there are servers that lists | |
1216 | @samp{NEWGROUPS} without supporting the function properly.) | |
1217 | ||
1218 | This variable can also be a list of select methods. If so, Gnus will | |
1219 | issue an @code{ask-server} command to each of the select methods, and | |
1220 | subscribe them (or not) using the normal methods. This might be handy | |
1221 | if you are monitoring a few servers for new groups. A side effect is | |
1222 | that startup will take much longer, so you can meditate while waiting. | |
1223 | Use the mantra ``dingnusdingnusdingnus'' to achieve permanent bliss. | |
1224 | ||
1225 | ||
1226 | @node Subscription Methods | |
1227 | @subsection Subscription Methods | |
1228 | ||
1229 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method | |
1230 | What Gnus does when it encounters a new group is determined by the | |
1231 | @code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method} variable. | |
1232 | ||
1233 | This variable should contain a function. This function will be called | |
1234 | with the name of the new group as the only parameter. | |
1235 | ||
1236 | Some handy pre-fab functions are: | |
1237 | ||
1238 | @table @code | |
1239 | ||
1240 | @item gnus-subscribe-zombies | |
1241 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-zombies | |
1242 | Make all new groups zombies. This is the default. You can browse the | |
1243 | zombies later (with @kbd{A z}) and either kill them all off properly | |
1244 | (with @kbd{S z}), or subscribe to them (with @kbd{u}). | |
1245 | ||
1246 | @item gnus-subscribe-randomly | |
1247 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-randomly | |
1248 | Subscribe all new groups in arbitrary order. This really means that all | |
1249 | new groups will be added at ``the top'' of the group buffer. | |
1250 | ||
1251 | @item gnus-subscribe-alphabetically | |
1252 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-alphabetically | |
1253 | Subscribe all new groups in alphabetical order. | |
1254 | ||
1255 | @item gnus-subscribe-hierarchically | |
1256 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-hierarchically | |
1257 | Subscribe all new groups hierarchically. The difference between this | |
1258 | function and @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically} is slight. | |
1259 | @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically} will subscribe new groups in a strictly | |
1260 | alphabetical fashion, while this function will enter groups into its | |
1261 | hierarchy. So if you want to have the @samp{rec} hierarchy before the | |
1262 | @samp{comp} hierarchy, this function will not mess that configuration | |
1263 | up. Or something like that. | |
1264 | ||
1265 | @item gnus-subscribe-interactively | |
1266 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-interactively | |
1267 | Subscribe new groups interactively. This means that Gnus will ask | |
1268 | you about @strong{all} new groups. The groups you choose to subscribe | |
1269 | to will be subscribed hierarchically. | |
1270 | ||
1271 | @item gnus-subscribe-killed | |
1272 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-killed | |
1273 | Kill all new groups. | |
1274 | ||
1275 | @item gnus-subscribe-topics | |
1276 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-topics | |
1277 | Put the groups into the topic that has a matching @code{subscribe} topic | |
1278 | parameter (@pxref{Topic Parameters}). For instance, a @code{subscribe} | |
1279 | topic parameter that looks like | |
1280 | ||
1281 | @example | |
1282 | "nnslashdot" | |
1283 | @end example | |
1284 | ||
1285 | will mean that all groups that match that regex will be subscribed under | |
1286 | that topic. | |
1287 | ||
1288 | If no topics match the groups, the groups will be subscribed in the | |
1289 | top-level topic. | |
1290 | ||
1291 | @end table | |
1292 | ||
1293 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive | |
1294 | A closely related variable is | |
1295 | @code{gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive}. (That's quite a | |
1296 | mouthful.) If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will ask you in a | |
1297 | hierarchical fashion whether to subscribe to new groups or not. Gnus | |
1298 | will ask you for each sub-hierarchy whether you want to descend the | |
1299 | hierarchy or not. | |
1300 | ||
1301 | One common mistake is to set the variable a few paragraphs above | |
1302 | (@code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method}) to | |
1303 | @code{gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive}. This is an error. This | |
1304 | will not work. This is ga-ga. So don't do it. | |
1305 | ||
1306 | ||
1307 | @node Filtering New Groups | |
1308 | @subsection Filtering New Groups | |
1309 | ||
1310 | A nice and portable way to control which new newsgroups should be | |
1311 | subscribed (or ignored) is to put an @dfn{options} line at the start of | |
1312 | the @file{.newsrc} file. Here's an example: | |
1313 | ||
1314 | @example | |
1315 | options -n !alt.all !rec.all sci.all | |
1316 | @end example | |
1317 | ||
1318 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method | |
1319 | This line obviously belongs to a serious-minded intellectual scientific | |
1320 | person (or she may just be plain old boring), because it says that all | |
1321 | groups that have names beginning with @samp{alt} and @samp{rec} should | |
1322 | be ignored, and all groups with names beginning with @samp{sci} should | |
1323 | be subscribed. Gnus will not use the normal subscription method for | |
1324 | subscribing these groups. | |
1325 | @code{gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method} is used instead. This | |
1326 | variable defaults to @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically}. | |
1327 | ||
1328 | @vindex gnus-options-not-subscribe | |
1329 | @vindex gnus-options-subscribe | |
1330 | If you don't want to mess with your @file{.newsrc} file, you can just | |
1331 | set the two variables @code{gnus-options-subscribe} and | |
1332 | @code{gnus-options-not-subscribe}. These two variables do exactly the | |
1333 | same as the @file{.newsrc} @samp{options -n} trick. Both are regexps, | |
1334 | and if the new group matches the former, it will be unconditionally | |
1335 | subscribed, and if it matches the latter, it will be ignored. | |
1336 | ||
1337 | @vindex gnus-auto-subscribed-groups | |
1338 | Yet another variable that meddles here is | |
1339 | @code{gnus-auto-subscribed-groups}. It works exactly like | |
1340 | @code{gnus-options-subscribe}, and is therefore really superfluous, | |
1341 | but I thought it would be nice to have two of these. This variable is | |
1342 | more meant for setting some ground rules, while the other variable is | |
1343 | used more for user fiddling. By default this variable makes all new | |
1344 | groups that come from mail back ends (@code{nnml}, @code{nnbabyl}, | |
1345 | @code{nnfolder}, @code{nnmbox}, @code{nnmh}, and @code{nnmaildir}) | |
1346 | subscribed. If you don't like that, just set this variable to | |
1347 | @code{nil}. | |
1348 | ||
1349 | New groups that match this regexp are subscribed using | |
1350 | @code{gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method}. | |
1351 | ||
1352 | ||
1353 | @node Changing Servers | |
1354 | @section Changing Servers | |
1355 | @cindex changing servers | |
1356 | ||
1357 | Sometimes it is necessary to move from one @acronym{NNTP} server to another. | |
1358 | This happens very rarely, but perhaps you change jobs, or one server is | |
1359 | very flaky and you want to use another. | |
1360 | ||
1361 | Changing the server is pretty easy, right? You just change | |
1362 | @code{gnus-select-method} to point to the new server? | |
1363 | ||
1364 | @emph{Wrong!} | |
1365 | ||
1366 | Article numbers are not (in any way) kept synchronized between different | |
1367 | @acronym{NNTP} servers, and the only way Gnus keeps track of what articles | |
1368 | you have read is by keeping track of article numbers. So when you | |
1369 | change @code{gnus-select-method}, your @file{.newsrc} file becomes | |
1370 | worthless. | |
1371 | ||
1372 | Gnus provides a few functions to attempt to translate a @file{.newsrc} | |
1373 | file from one server to another. They all have one thing in | |
1374 | common---they take a looong time to run. You don't want to use these | |
1375 | functions more than absolutely necessary. | |
1376 | ||
1377 | @kindex M-x gnus-change-server | |
1378 | @findex gnus-change-server | |
1379 | If you have access to both servers, Gnus can request the headers for all | |
1380 | the articles you have read and compare @code{Message-ID}s and map the | |
1381 | article numbers of the read articles and article marks. The @kbd{M-x | |
1382 | gnus-change-server} command will do this for all your native groups. It | |
1383 | will prompt for the method you want to move to. | |
1384 | ||
1385 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-move-group-to-server | |
1386 | @findex gnus-group-move-group-to-server | |
1387 | You can also move individual groups with the @kbd{M-x | |
1388 | gnus-group-move-group-to-server} command. This is useful if you want to | |
1389 | move a (foreign) group from one server to another. | |
1390 | ||
1391 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
1392 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
1393 | If you don't have access to both the old and new server, all your marks | |
1394 | and read ranges have become worthless. You can use the @kbd{M-x | |
1395 | gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups} command to clear out all data | |
1396 | that you have on your native groups. Use with caution. | |
1397 | ||
1398 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data | |
1399 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data | |
1400 | Clear the data from the current group only---nix out marks and the | |
1401 | list of read articles (@code{gnus-group-clear-data}). | |
1402 | ||
1403 | After changing servers, you @strong{must} move the cache hierarchy away, | |
1404 | since the cached articles will have wrong article numbers, which will | |
1405 | affect which articles Gnus thinks are read. | |
1406 | @code{gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups} will ask you if you want | |
1407 | to have it done automatically; for @code{gnus-group-clear-data}, you | |
1408 | can use @kbd{M-x gnus-cache-move-cache} (but beware, it will move the | |
1409 | cache for all groups). | |
1410 | ||
1411 | ||
1412 | @node Startup Files | |
1413 | @section Startup Files | |
1414 | @cindex startup files | |
1415 | @cindex .newsrc | |
1416 | @cindex .newsrc.el | |
1417 | @cindex .newsrc.eld | |
1418 | ||
1419 | Most common Unix news readers use a shared startup file called | |
1420 | @file{.newsrc}. This file contains all the information about what | |
1421 | groups are subscribed, and which articles in these groups have been | |
1422 | read. | |
1423 | ||
1424 | Things got a bit more complicated with @sc{gnus}. In addition to | |
1425 | keeping the @file{.newsrc} file updated, it also used a file called | |
1426 | @file{.newsrc.el} for storing all the information that didn't fit into | |
1427 | the @file{.newsrc} file. (Actually, it also duplicated everything in | |
1428 | the @file{.newsrc} file.) @sc{gnus} would read whichever one of these | |
1429 | files was the most recently saved, which enabled people to swap between | |
1430 | @sc{gnus} and other newsreaders. | |
1431 | ||
1432 | That was kinda silly, so Gnus went one better: In addition to the | |
1433 | @file{.newsrc} and @file{.newsrc.el} files, Gnus also has a file called | |
1434 | @file{.newsrc.eld}. It will read whichever of these files that are most | |
1435 | recent, but it will never write a @file{.newsrc.el} file. You should | |
1436 | never delete the @file{.newsrc.eld} file---it contains much information | |
1437 | not stored in the @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1438 | ||
1439 | @vindex gnus-save-newsrc-file | |
1440 | @vindex gnus-read-newsrc-file | |
1441 | You can turn off writing the @file{.newsrc} file by setting | |
1442 | @code{gnus-save-newsrc-file} to @code{nil}, which means you can delete | |
1443 | the file and save some space, as well as exiting from Gnus faster. | |
1444 | However, this will make it impossible to use other newsreaders than | |
1445 | Gnus. But hey, who would want to, right? Similarly, setting | |
1446 | @code{gnus-read-newsrc-file} to @code{nil} makes Gnus ignore the | |
1447 | @file{.newsrc} file and any @file{.newsrc-SERVER} files, which can be | |
1448 | convenient if you use a different news reader occasionally, and you | |
1449 | want to read a different subset of the available groups with that | |
1450 | news reader. | |
1451 | ||
1452 | @vindex gnus-save-killed-list | |
1453 | If @code{gnus-save-killed-list} (default @code{t}) is @code{nil}, Gnus | |
1454 | will not save the list of killed groups to the startup file. This will | |
1455 | save both time (when starting and quitting) and space (on disk). It | |
1456 | will also mean that Gnus has no record of what groups are new or old, | |
1457 | so the automatic new groups subscription methods become meaningless. | |
1458 | You should always set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{nil} or | |
1459 | @code{ask-server} if you set this variable to @code{nil} (@pxref{New | |
1460 | Groups}). This variable can also be a regular expression. If that's | |
1461 | the case, remove all groups that do not match this regexp before | |
1462 | saving. This can be useful in certain obscure situations that involve | |
1463 | several servers where not all servers support @code{ask-server}. | |
1464 | ||
1465 | @vindex gnus-startup-file | |
1466 | @vindex gnus-backup-startup-file | |
1467 | @vindex version-control | |
1468 | The @code{gnus-startup-file} variable says where the startup files are. | |
1469 | The default value is @file{~/.newsrc}, with the Gnus (El Dingo) startup | |
1470 | file being whatever that one is, with a @samp{.eld} appended. | |
1471 | If you want version control for this file, set | |
1472 | @code{gnus-backup-startup-file}. It respects the same values as the | |
1473 | @code{version-control} variable. | |
1474 | ||
1475 | @vindex gnus-save-newsrc-hook | |
1476 | @vindex gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook | |
1477 | @vindex gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook | |
1478 | @code{gnus-save-newsrc-hook} is called before saving any of the newsrc | |
1479 | files, while @code{gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook} is called just before | |
1480 | saving the @file{.newsrc.eld} file, and | |
1481 | @code{gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook} is called just before saving the | |
1482 | @file{.newsrc} file. The latter two are commonly used to turn version | |
1483 | control on or off. Version control is on by default when saving the | |
1484 | startup files. If you want to turn backup creation off, say something like: | |
1485 | ||
1486 | @lisp | |
1487 | (defun turn-off-backup () | |
1488 | (set (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited) t)) | |
1489 | ||
1490 | (add-hook 'gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook 'turn-off-backup) | |
1491 | (add-hook 'gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook 'turn-off-backup) | |
1492 | @end lisp | |
1493 | ||
1494 | @vindex gnus-init-file | |
1495 | @vindex gnus-site-init-file | |
1496 | When Gnus starts, it will read the @code{gnus-site-init-file} | |
1497 | (@file{.../site-lisp/gnus-init} by default) and @code{gnus-init-file} | |
1498 | (@file{~/.gnus} by default) files. These are normal Emacs Lisp files | |
1499 | and can be used to avoid cluttering your @file{~/.emacs} and | |
1500 | @file{site-init} files with Gnus stuff. Gnus will also check for files | |
1501 | with the same names as these, but with @file{.elc} and @file{.el} | |
1502 | suffixes. In other words, if you have set @code{gnus-init-file} to | |
1503 | @file{~/.gnus}, it will look for @file{~/.gnus.elc}, @file{~/.gnus.el}, | |
1504 | and finally @file{~/.gnus} (in this order). If Emacs was invoked with | |
1505 | the @option{-q} or @option{--no-init-file} options (@pxref{Initial | |
1506 | Options, ,Initial Options, emacs, The Emacs Manual}), Gnus doesn't read | |
1507 | @code{gnus-init-file}. | |
1508 | ||
1509 | ||
1510 | @node Auto Save | |
1511 | @section Auto Save | |
1512 | @cindex dribble file | |
1513 | @cindex auto-save | |
1514 | ||
1515 | Whenever you do something that changes the Gnus data (reading articles, | |
1516 | catching up, killing/subscribing groups), the change is added to a | |
1517 | special @dfn{dribble buffer}. This buffer is auto-saved the normal | |
1518 | Emacs way. If your Emacs should crash before you have saved the | |
1519 | @file{.newsrc} files, all changes you have made can be recovered from | |
1520 | this file. | |
1521 | ||
1522 | If Gnus detects this file at startup, it will ask the user whether to | |
1523 | read it. The auto save file is deleted whenever the real startup file is | |
1524 | saved. | |
1525 | ||
1526 | @vindex gnus-use-dribble-file | |
1527 | If @code{gnus-use-dribble-file} is @code{nil}, Gnus won't create and | |
1528 | maintain a dribble buffer. The default is @code{t}. | |
1529 | ||
1530 | @vindex gnus-dribble-directory | |
1531 | Gnus will put the dribble file(s) in @code{gnus-dribble-directory}. If | |
1532 | this variable is @code{nil}, which it is by default, Gnus will dribble | |
1533 | into the directory where the @file{.newsrc} file is located. (This is | |
1534 | normally the user's home directory.) The dribble file will get the same | |
1535 | file permissions as the @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1536 | ||
1537 | @vindex gnus-always-read-dribble-file | |
1538 | If @code{gnus-always-read-dribble-file} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will | |
1539 | read the dribble file on startup without querying the user. | |
1540 | ||
1541 | ||
1542 | @node The Active File | |
1543 | @section The Active File | |
1544 | @cindex active file | |
1545 | @cindex ignored groups | |
1546 | ||
1547 | When Gnus starts, or indeed whenever it tries to determine whether new | |
1548 | articles have arrived, it reads the active file. This is a very large | |
1549 | file that lists all the active groups and articles on the server. | |
1550 | ||
1551 | @vindex gnus-ignored-newsgroups | |
1552 | Before examining the active file, Gnus deletes all lines that match the | |
1553 | regexp @code{gnus-ignored-newsgroups}. This is done primarily to reject | |
1554 | any groups with bogus names, but you can use this variable to make Gnus | |
1555 | ignore hierarchies you aren't ever interested in. However, this is not | |
1556 | recommended. In fact, it's highly discouraged. Instead, @pxref{New | |
1557 | Groups} for an overview of other variables that can be used instead. | |
1558 | ||
1559 | @c This variable is | |
1560 | @c @code{nil} by default, and will slow down active file handling somewhat | |
1561 | @c if you set it to anything else. | |
1562 | ||
1563 | @vindex gnus-read-active-file | |
1564 | @c @head | |
1565 | The active file can be rather Huge, so if you have a slow network, you | |
1566 | can set @code{gnus-read-active-file} to @code{nil} to prevent Gnus from | |
1567 | reading the active file. This variable is @code{some} by default. | |
1568 | ||
1569 | Gnus will try to make do by getting information just on the groups that | |
1570 | you actually subscribe to. | |
1571 | ||
1572 | Note that if you subscribe to lots and lots of groups, setting this | |
1573 | variable to @code{nil} will probably make Gnus slower, not faster. At | |
1574 | present, having this variable @code{nil} will slow Gnus down | |
1575 | considerably, unless you read news over a 2400 baud modem. | |
1576 | ||
1577 | This variable can also have the value @code{some}. Gnus will then | |
1578 | attempt to read active info only on the subscribed groups. On some | |
1579 | servers this is quite fast (on sparkling, brand new INN servers that | |
1580 | support the @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command), on others this isn't fast | |
1581 | at all. In any case, @code{some} should be faster than @code{nil}, and | |
1582 | is certainly faster than @code{t} over slow lines. | |
1583 | ||
1584 | Some news servers (old versions of Leafnode and old versions of INN, for | |
1585 | instance) do not support the @code{LIST ACTIVE group}. For these | |
1586 | servers, @code{nil} is probably the most efficient value for this | |
1587 | variable. | |
1588 | ||
1589 | If this variable is @code{nil}, Gnus will ask for group info in total | |
1590 | lock-step, which isn't very fast. If it is @code{some} and you use an | |
1591 | @acronym{NNTP} server, Gnus will pump out commands as fast as it can, and | |
1592 | read all the replies in one swoop. This will normally result in better | |
1593 | performance, but if the server does not support the aforementioned | |
1594 | @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command, this isn't very nice to the server. | |
1595 | ||
1596 | If you think that starting up Gnus takes too long, try all the three | |
1597 | different values for this variable and see what works best for you. | |
1598 | ||
1599 | In any case, if you use @code{some} or @code{nil}, you should definitely | |
1600 | kill all groups that you aren't interested in to speed things up. | |
1601 | ||
1602 | Note that this variable also affects active file retrieval from | |
1603 | secondary select methods. | |
1604 | ||
1605 | ||
1606 | @node Startup Variables | |
1607 | @section Startup Variables | |
1608 | ||
1609 | @table @code | |
1610 | ||
1611 | @item gnus-load-hook | |
1612 | @vindex gnus-load-hook | |
1613 | A hook run while Gnus is being loaded. Note that this hook will | |
1614 | normally be run just once in each Emacs session, no matter how many | |
1615 | times you start Gnus. | |
1616 | ||
1617 | @item gnus-before-startup-hook | |
1618 | @vindex gnus-before-startup-hook | |
1619 | A hook run after starting up Gnus successfully. | |
1620 | ||
1621 | @item gnus-startup-hook | |
1622 | @vindex gnus-startup-hook | |
1623 | A hook run as the very last thing after starting up Gnus | |
1624 | ||
1625 | @item gnus-started-hook | |
1626 | @vindex gnus-started-hook | |
1627 | A hook that is run as the very last thing after starting up Gnus | |
1628 | successfully. | |
1629 | ||
1630 | @item gnus-setup-news-hook | |
1631 | @vindex gnus-setup-news-hook | |
1632 | A hook that is run after reading the @file{.newsrc} file(s), but before | |
1633 | generating the group buffer. | |
1634 | ||
1635 | @item gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups | |
1636 | @vindex gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups | |
1637 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will check for and delete all bogus groups at | |
1638 | startup. A @dfn{bogus group} is a group that you have in your | |
1639 | @file{.newsrc} file, but doesn't exist on the news server. Checking for | |
1640 | bogus groups can take quite a while, so to save time and resources it's | |
1641 | best to leave this option off, and do the checking for bogus groups once | |
1642 | in a while from the group buffer instead (@pxref{Group Maintenance}). | |
1643 | ||
1644 | @item gnus-inhibit-startup-message | |
1645 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-startup-message | |
1646 | If non-@code{nil}, the startup message won't be displayed. That way, | |
1647 | your boss might not notice as easily that you are reading news instead | |
1648 | of doing your job. Note that this variable is used before | |
1649 | @file{~/.gnus.el} is loaded, so it should be set in @file{.emacs} instead. | |
1650 | ||
1651 | @item gnus-no-groups-message | |
1652 | @vindex gnus-no-groups-message | |
1653 | Message displayed by Gnus when no groups are available. | |
1654 | ||
1655 | @item gnus-play-startup-jingle | |
1656 | @vindex gnus-play-startup-jingle | |
1657 | If non-@code{nil}, play the Gnus jingle at startup. | |
1658 | ||
1659 | @item gnus-startup-jingle | |
1660 | @vindex gnus-startup-jingle | |
1661 | Jingle to be played if the above variable is non-@code{nil}. The | |
1662 | default is @samp{Tuxedomoon.Jingle4.au}. | |
1663 | ||
1664 | @end table | |
1665 | ||
1666 | ||
1667 | @node Group Buffer | |
1668 | @chapter Group Buffer | |
1669 | @cindex group buffer | |
1670 | ||
1671 | @c Alex Schroeder suggests to rearrange this as follows: | |
1672 | @c | |
1673 | @c <kensanata> ok, just save it for reference. I'll go to bed in a minute. | |
1674 | @c 1. Selecting a Group, 2. (new) Finding a Group, 3. Group Levels, | |
1675 | @c 4. Subscription Commands, 5. Group Maneuvering, 6. Group Data, | |
1676 | @c 7. Group Score, 8. Group Buffer Format | |
1677 | @c <kensanata> Group Levels should have more information on levels 5 to 9. I | |
1678 | @c suggest to split the 4th paragraph ("Gnus considers groups...") as follows: | |
1679 | @c <kensanata> First, "Gnus considers groups... (default 9)." | |
1680 | @c <kensanata> New, a table summarizing what levels 1 to 9 mean. | |
1681 | @c <kensanata> Third, "Gnus treats subscribed ... reasons of efficiency" | |
1682 | @c <kensanata> Then expand the next paragraph or add some more to it. | |
1683 | @c This short one sentence explains levels 1 and 2, therefore I understand | |
1684 | @c that I should keep important news at 3 and boring news at 4. | |
1685 | @c Say so! Then go on to explain why I should bother with levels 6 to 9. | |
1686 | @c Maybe keep those that you don't want to read temporarily at 6, | |
1687 | @c those that you never want to read at 8, those that offend your | |
1688 | @c human rights at 9... | |
1689 | ||
1690 | ||
1691 | The @dfn{group buffer} lists all (or parts) of the available groups. It | |
1692 | is the first buffer shown when Gnus starts, and will never be killed as | |
1693 | long as Gnus is active. | |
1694 | ||
1695 | @iftex | |
1696 | @iflatex | |
1697 | \gnusfigure{The Group Buffer}{320}{ | |
1698 | \put(75,50){\epsfig{figure=ps/group,height=9cm}} | |
1699 | \put(120,37){\makebox(0,0)[t]{Buffer name}} | |
1700 | \put(120,38){\vector(1,2){10}} | |
1701 | \put(40,60){\makebox(0,0)[r]{Mode line}} | |
1702 | \put(40,58){\vector(1,0){30}} | |
1703 | \put(200,28){\makebox(0,0)[t]{Native select method}} | |
1704 | \put(200,26){\vector(-1,2){15}} | |
1705 | } | |
1706 | @end iflatex | |
1707 | @end iftex | |
1708 | ||
1709 | @menu | |
1710 | * Group Buffer Format:: Information listed and how you can change it. | |
1711 | * Group Maneuvering:: Commands for moving in the group buffer. | |
1712 | * Selecting a Group:: Actually reading news. | |
1713 | * Subscription Commands:: Unsubscribing, killing, subscribing. | |
1714 | * Group Data:: Changing the info for a group. | |
1715 | * Group Levels:: Levels? What are those, then? | |
1716 | * Group Score:: A mechanism for finding out what groups you like. | |
1717 | * Marking Groups:: You can mark groups for later processing. | |
1718 | * Foreign Groups:: Creating and editing groups. | |
1719 | * Group Parameters:: Each group may have different parameters set. | |
1720 | * Listing Groups:: Gnus can list various subsets of the groups. | |
1721 | * Sorting Groups:: Re-arrange the group order. | |
1722 | * Group Maintenance:: Maintaining a tidy @file{.newsrc} file. | |
1723 | * Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer. | |
1724 | * Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done. | |
1725 | * Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics. | |
01c52d31 | 1726 | * Non-ASCII Group Names:: Accessing groups of non-English names. |
4009494e GM |
1727 | * Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do. |
1728 | @end menu | |
1729 | ||
1730 | ||
1731 | @node Group Buffer Format | |
1732 | @section Group Buffer Format | |
1733 | ||
1734 | @menu | |
1735 | * Group Line Specification:: Deciding how the group buffer is to look. | |
1736 | * Group Mode Line Specification:: The group buffer mode line. | |
1737 | * Group Highlighting:: Having nice colors in the group buffer. | |
1738 | @end menu | |
1739 | ||
1740 | You can customize the Group Mode tool bar, see @kbd{M-x | |
1741 | customize-apropos RET gnus-group-tool-bar}. This feature is only | |
1742 | available in Emacs. | |
1743 | ||
1744 | The tool bar icons are now (de)activated correctly depending on the | |
1745 | cursor position. Therefore, moving around in the Group Buffer is | |
1746 | slower. You can disable this via the variable | |
1747 | @code{gnus-group-update-tool-bar}. Its default value depends on your | |
1748 | Emacs version. | |
1749 | ||
1750 | @node Group Line Specification | |
1751 | @subsection Group Line Specification | |
1752 | @cindex group buffer format | |
1753 | ||
1754 | The default format of the group buffer is nice and dull, but you can | |
1755 | make it as exciting and ugly as you feel like. | |
1756 | ||
1757 | Here's a couple of example group lines: | |
1758 | ||
1759 | @example | |
1760 | 25: news.announce.newusers | |
1761 | * 0: alt.fan.andrea-dworkin | |
1762 | @end example | |
1763 | ||
1764 | Quite simple, huh? | |
1765 | ||
1766 | You can see that there are 25 unread articles in | |
1767 | @samp{news.announce.newusers}. There are no unread articles, but some | |
1768 | ticked articles, in @samp{alt.fan.andrea-dworkin} (see that little | |
1769 | asterisk at the beginning of the line?). | |
1770 | ||
1771 | @vindex gnus-group-line-format | |
1772 | You can change that format to whatever you want by fiddling with the | |
1773 | @code{gnus-group-line-format} variable. This variable works along the | |
1774 | lines of a @code{format} specification, which is pretty much the same as | |
1775 | a @code{printf} specifications, for those of you who use (feh!) C. | |
1776 | @xref{Formatting Variables}. | |
1777 | ||
1778 | @samp{%M%S%5y:%B%(%g%)\n} is the value that produced those lines above. | |
1779 | ||
1780 | There should always be a colon on the line; the cursor always moves to | |
1781 | the colon after performing an operation. @xref{Positioning | |
1782 | Point}. Nothing else is required---not even the group name. All | |
1783 | displayed text is just window dressing, and is never examined by Gnus. | |
1784 | Gnus stores all real information it needs using text properties. | |
1785 | ||
1786 | (Note that if you make a really strange, wonderful, spreadsheet-like | |
1787 | layout, everybody will believe you are hard at work with the accounting | |
1788 | instead of wasting time reading news.) | |
1789 | ||
1790 | Here's a list of all available format characters: | |
1791 | ||
1792 | @table @samp | |
1793 | ||
1794 | @item M | |
1795 | An asterisk if the group only has marked articles. | |
1796 | ||
1797 | @item S | |
1798 | Whether the group is subscribed. | |
1799 | ||
1800 | @item L | |
1801 | Level of subscribedness. | |
1802 | ||
1803 | @item N | |
1804 | Number of unread articles. | |
1805 | ||
1806 | @item I | |
1807 | Number of dormant articles. | |
1808 | ||
1809 | @item T | |
1810 | Number of ticked articles. | |
1811 | ||
1812 | @item R | |
1813 | Number of read articles. | |
1814 | ||
1815 | @item U | |
1816 | Number of unseen articles. | |
1817 | ||
1818 | @item t | |
1819 | Estimated total number of articles. (This is really @var{max-number} | |
1820 | minus @var{min-number} plus 1.) | |
1821 | ||
1822 | Gnus uses this estimation because the @acronym{NNTP} protocol provides | |
1823 | efficient access to @var{max-number} and @var{min-number} but getting | |
1824 | the true unread message count is not possible efficiently. For | |
1825 | hysterical raisins, even the mail back ends, where the true number of | |
1826 | unread messages might be available efficiently, use the same limited | |
1827 | interface. To remove this restriction from Gnus means that the back | |
01c52d31 MB |
1828 | end interface has to be changed, which is not an easy job. |
1829 | ||
1830 | The nnml backend (@pxref{Mail Spool}) has a feature called ``group | |
1831 | compaction'' which circumvents this deficiency: the idea is to | |
1832 | renumber all articles from 1, removing all gaps between numbers, hence | |
1833 | getting a correct total count. Other backends may support this in the | |
1834 | future. In order to keep your total article count relatively up to | |
1835 | date, you might want to compact your groups (or even directly your | |
1836 | server) from time to time. @xref{Misc Group Stuff}, @xref{Server Commands}. | |
4009494e GM |
1837 | |
1838 | @item y | |
1839 | Number of unread, unticked, non-dormant articles. | |
1840 | ||
1841 | @item i | |
1842 | Number of ticked and dormant articles. | |
1843 | ||
1844 | @item g | |
1845 | Full group name. | |
1846 | ||
1847 | @item G | |
1848 | Group name. | |
1849 | ||
1850 | @item C | |
1851 | Group comment (@pxref{Group Parameters}) or group name if there is no | |
1852 | comment element in the group parameters. | |
1853 | ||
1854 | @item D | |
1855 | Newsgroup description. You need to read the group descriptions | |
1856 | before these will appear, and to do that, you either have to set | |
1857 | @code{gnus-read-active-file} or use the group buffer @kbd{M-d} | |
1858 | command. | |
1859 | ||
1860 | @item o | |
1861 | @samp{m} if moderated. | |
1862 | ||
1863 | @item O | |
1864 | @samp{(m)} if moderated. | |
1865 | ||
1866 | @item s | |
1867 | Select method. | |
1868 | ||
1869 | @item B | |
1870 | If the summary buffer for the group is open or not. | |
1871 | ||
1872 | @item n | |
1873 | Select from where. | |
1874 | ||
1875 | @item z | |
1876 | A string that looks like @samp{<%s:%n>} if a foreign select method is | |
1877 | used. | |
1878 | ||
1879 | @item P | |
1880 | Indentation based on the level of the topic (@pxref{Group Topics}). | |
1881 | ||
1882 | @item c | |
1883 | @vindex gnus-group-uncollapsed-levels | |
1884 | Short (collapsed) group name. The @code{gnus-group-uncollapsed-levels} | |
1885 | variable says how many levels to leave at the end of the group name. | |
1886 | The default is 1---this will mean that group names like | |
1887 | @samp{gnu.emacs.gnus} will be shortened to @samp{g.e.gnus}. | |
1888 | ||
1889 | @item m | |
1890 | @vindex gnus-new-mail-mark | |
1891 | @cindex % | |
1892 | @samp{%} (@code{gnus-new-mail-mark}) if there has arrived new mail to | |
1893 | the group lately. | |
1894 | ||
1895 | @item p | |
1896 | @samp{#} (@code{gnus-process-mark}) if the group is process marked. | |
1897 | ||
1898 | @item d | |
1899 | A string that says when you last read the group (@pxref{Group | |
1900 | Timestamp}). | |
1901 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
1902 | @item F |
1903 | The disk space used by the articles fetched by both the cache and | |
1904 | agent. The value is automatically scaled to bytes(B), kilobytes(K), | |
1905 | megabytes(M), or gigabytes(G) to minimize the column width. A format | |
1906 | of %7F is sufficient for a fixed-width column. | |
1907 | ||
4009494e GM |
1908 | @item u |
1909 | User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should | |
1910 | be a letter. Gnus will call the function | |
1911 | @code{gnus-user-format-function-}@samp{X}, where @samp{X} is the letter | |
1912 | following @samp{%u}. The function will be passed a single dummy | |
1913 | parameter as argument. The function should return a string, which will | |
1914 | be inserted into the buffer just like information from any other | |
1915 | specifier. | |
1916 | @end table | |
1917 | ||
1918 | @cindex * | |
1919 | All the ``number-of'' specs will be filled with an asterisk (@samp{*}) | |
1920 | if no info is available---for instance, if it is a non-activated foreign | |
1921 | group, or a bogus native group. | |
1922 | ||
1923 | ||
1924 | @node Group Mode Line Specification | |
1925 | @subsection Group Mode Line Specification | |
1926 | @cindex group mode line | |
1927 | ||
1928 | @vindex gnus-group-mode-line-format | |
1929 | The mode line can be changed by setting | |
1930 | @code{gnus-group-mode-line-format} (@pxref{Mode Line Formatting}). It | |
1931 | doesn't understand that many format specifiers: | |
1932 | ||
1933 | @table @samp | |
1934 | @item S | |
1935 | The native news server. | |
1936 | @item M | |
1937 | The native select method. | |
1938 | @end table | |
1939 | ||
1940 | ||
1941 | @node Group Highlighting | |
1942 | @subsection Group Highlighting | |
1943 | @cindex highlighting | |
1944 | @cindex group highlighting | |
1945 | ||
1946 | @vindex gnus-group-highlight | |
1947 | Highlighting in the group buffer is controlled by the | |
1948 | @code{gnus-group-highlight} variable. This is an alist with elements | |
1949 | that look like @code{(@var{form} . @var{face})}. If @var{form} evaluates to | |
1950 | something non-@code{nil}, the @var{face} will be used on the line. | |
1951 | ||
1952 | Here's an example value for this variable that might look nice if the | |
1953 | background is dark: | |
1954 | ||
1955 | @lisp | |
1956 | (cond (window-system | |
1957 | (setq custom-background-mode 'light) | |
1958 | (defface my-group-face-1 | |
1959 | '((t (:foreground "Red" :bold t))) "First group face") | |
1960 | (defface my-group-face-2 | |
1961 | '((t (:foreground "DarkSeaGreen4" :bold t))) | |
1962 | "Second group face") | |
1963 | (defface my-group-face-3 | |
1964 | '((t (:foreground "Green4" :bold t))) "Third group face") | |
1965 | (defface my-group-face-4 | |
1966 | '((t (:foreground "SteelBlue" :bold t))) "Fourth group face") | |
1967 | (defface my-group-face-5 | |
1968 | '((t (:foreground "Blue" :bold t))) "Fifth group face"))) | |
1969 | ||
1970 | (setq gnus-group-highlight | |
1971 | '(((> unread 200) . my-group-face-1) | |
1972 | ((and (< level 3) (zerop unread)) . my-group-face-2) | |
1973 | ((< level 3) . my-group-face-3) | |
1974 | ((zerop unread) . my-group-face-4) | |
1975 | (t . my-group-face-5))) | |
1976 | @end lisp | |
1977 | ||
1978 | Also @pxref{Faces and Fonts}. | |
1979 | ||
1980 | Variables that are dynamically bound when the forms are evaluated | |
1981 | include: | |
1982 | ||
1983 | @table @code | |
1984 | @item group | |
1985 | The group name. | |
1986 | @item unread | |
1987 | The number of unread articles in the group. | |
1988 | @item method | |
1989 | The select method. | |
1990 | @item mailp | |
1991 | Whether the group is a mail group. | |
1992 | @item level | |
1993 | The level of the group. | |
1994 | @item score | |
1995 | The score of the group. | |
1996 | @item ticked | |
1997 | The number of ticked articles in the group. | |
1998 | @item total | |
1999 | The total number of articles in the group. Or rather, | |
2000 | @var{max-number} minus @var{min-number} plus one. | |
2001 | @item topic | |
2002 | When using the topic minor mode, this variable is bound to the current | |
2003 | topic being inserted. | |
2004 | @end table | |
2005 | ||
2006 | When the forms are @code{eval}ed, point is at the beginning of the line | |
2007 | of the group in question, so you can use many of the normal Gnus | |
2008 | functions for snarfing info on the group. | |
2009 | ||
2010 | @vindex gnus-group-update-hook | |
2011 | @findex gnus-group-highlight-line | |
2012 | @code{gnus-group-update-hook} is called when a group line is changed. | |
2013 | It will not be called when @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. This hook | |
2014 | calls @code{gnus-group-highlight-line} by default. | |
2015 | ||
2016 | ||
2017 | @node Group Maneuvering | |
2018 | @section Group Maneuvering | |
2019 | @cindex group movement | |
2020 | ||
2021 | All movement commands understand the numeric prefix and will behave as | |
2022 | expected, hopefully. | |
2023 | ||
2024 | @table @kbd | |
2025 | ||
2026 | @item n | |
2027 | @kindex n (Group) | |
2028 | @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group | |
2029 | Go to the next group that has unread articles | |
2030 | (@code{gnus-group-next-unread-group}). | |
2031 | ||
2032 | @item p | |
2033 | @itemx DEL | |
2034 | @kindex DEL (Group) | |
2035 | @kindex p (Group) | |
2036 | @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group | |
2037 | Go to the previous group that has unread articles | |
2038 | (@code{gnus-group-prev-unread-group}). | |
2039 | ||
2040 | @item N | |
2041 | @kindex N (Group) | |
2042 | @findex gnus-group-next-group | |
2043 | Go to the next group (@code{gnus-group-next-group}). | |
2044 | ||
2045 | @item P | |
2046 | @kindex P (Group) | |
2047 | @findex gnus-group-prev-group | |
2048 | Go to the previous group (@code{gnus-group-prev-group}). | |
2049 | ||
2050 | @item M-n | |
2051 | @kindex M-n (Group) | |
2052 | @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level | |
2053 | Go to the next unread group on the same (or lower) level | |
2054 | (@code{gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level}). | |
2055 | ||
2056 | @item M-p | |
2057 | @kindex M-p (Group) | |
2058 | @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level | |
2059 | Go to the previous unread group on the same (or lower) level | |
2060 | (@code{gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level}). | |
2061 | @end table | |
2062 | ||
2063 | Three commands for jumping to groups: | |
2064 | ||
2065 | @table @kbd | |
2066 | ||
2067 | @item j | |
2068 | @kindex j (Group) | |
2069 | @findex gnus-group-jump-to-group | |
2070 | Jump to a group (and make it visible if it isn't already) | |
2071 | (@code{gnus-group-jump-to-group}). Killed groups can be jumped to, just | |
2072 | like living groups. | |
2073 | ||
2074 | @item , | |
2075 | @kindex , (Group) | |
2076 | @findex gnus-group-best-unread-group | |
2077 | Jump to the unread group with the lowest level | |
2078 | (@code{gnus-group-best-unread-group}). | |
2079 | ||
2080 | @item . | |
2081 | @kindex . (Group) | |
2082 | @findex gnus-group-first-unread-group | |
2083 | Jump to the first group with unread articles | |
2084 | (@code{gnus-group-first-unread-group}). | |
2085 | @end table | |
2086 | ||
2087 | @vindex gnus-group-goto-unread | |
2088 | If @code{gnus-group-goto-unread} is @code{nil}, all the movement | |
2089 | commands will move to the next group, not the next unread group. Even | |
2090 | the commands that say they move to the next unread group. The default | |
2091 | is @code{t}. | |
2092 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
2093 | @vindex gnus-summary-next-group-on-exit |
2094 | If @code{gnus-summary-next-group-on-exit} is @code{t}, when a summary is | |
2095 | exited, the point in the group buffer is moved to the next unread group. | |
2096 | Otherwise, the point is set to the group just exited. The default is | |
2097 | @code{t}. | |
4009494e GM |
2098 | |
2099 | @node Selecting a Group | |
2100 | @section Selecting a Group | |
2101 | @cindex group selection | |
2102 | ||
2103 | @table @kbd | |
2104 | ||
2105 | @item SPACE | |
2106 | @kindex SPACE (Group) | |
2107 | @findex gnus-group-read-group | |
2108 | Select the current group, switch to the summary buffer and display the | |
2109 | first unread article (@code{gnus-group-read-group}). If there are no | |
2110 | unread articles in the group, or if you give a non-numerical prefix to | |
2111 | this command, Gnus will offer to fetch all the old articles in this | |
2112 | group from the server. If you give a numerical prefix @var{n}, @var{n} | |
2113 | determines the number of articles Gnus will fetch. If @var{n} is | |
2114 | positive, Gnus fetches the @var{n} newest articles, if @var{n} is | |
2115 | negative, Gnus fetches the @code{abs(@var{n})} oldest articles. | |
2116 | ||
2117 | Thus, @kbd{SPC} enters the group normally, @kbd{C-u SPC} offers old | |
2118 | articles, @kbd{C-u 4 2 SPC} fetches the 42 newest articles, and @kbd{C-u | |
2119 | - 4 2 SPC} fetches the 42 oldest ones. | |
2120 | ||
2121 | When you are in the group (in the Summary buffer), you can type | |
2122 | @kbd{M-g} to fetch new articles, or @kbd{C-u M-g} to also show the old | |
2123 | ones. | |
2124 | ||
2125 | @item RET | |
2126 | @kindex RET (Group) | |
2127 | @findex gnus-group-select-group | |
2128 | Select the current group and switch to the summary buffer | |
2129 | (@code{gnus-group-select-group}). Takes the same arguments as | |
2130 | @code{gnus-group-read-group}---the only difference is that this command | |
2131 | does not display the first unread article automatically upon group | |
2132 | entry. | |
2133 | ||
2134 | @item M-RET | |
2135 | @kindex M-RET (Group) | |
2136 | @findex gnus-group-quick-select-group | |
2137 | This does the same as the command above, but tries to do it with the | |
2138 | minimum amount of fuzz (@code{gnus-group-quick-select-group}). No | |
2139 | scoring/killing will be performed, there will be no highlights and no | |
2140 | expunging. This might be useful if you're in a real hurry and have to | |
2141 | enter some humongous group. If you give a 0 prefix to this command | |
2142 | (i.e., @kbd{0 M-RET}), Gnus won't even generate the summary buffer, | |
2143 | which is useful if you want to toggle threading before generating the | |
2144 | summary buffer (@pxref{Summary Generation Commands}). | |
2145 | ||
2146 | @item M-SPACE | |
2147 | @kindex M-SPACE (Group) | |
2148 | @findex gnus-group-visible-select-group | |
2149 | This is yet one more command that does the same as the @kbd{RET} | |
2150 | command, but this one does it without expunging and hiding dormants | |
2151 | (@code{gnus-group-visible-select-group}). | |
2152 | ||
2153 | @item C-M-RET | |
2154 | @kindex C-M-RET (Group) | |
2155 | @findex gnus-group-select-group-ephemerally | |
2156 | Finally, this command selects the current group ephemerally without | |
2157 | doing any processing of its contents | |
2158 | (@code{gnus-group-select-group-ephemerally}). Even threading has been | |
2159 | turned off. Everything you do in the group after selecting it in this | |
2160 | manner will have no permanent effects. | |
2161 | ||
2162 | @end table | |
2163 | ||
2164 | @vindex gnus-large-newsgroup | |
2165 | The @code{gnus-large-newsgroup} variable says what Gnus should | |
2166 | consider to be a big group. If it is @code{nil}, no groups are | |
2167 | considered big. The default value is 200. If the group has more | |
2168 | (unread and/or ticked) articles than this, Gnus will query the user | |
2169 | before entering the group. The user can then specify how many | |
2170 | articles should be fetched from the server. If the user specifies a | |
2171 | negative number (@var{-n}), the @var{n} oldest articles will be | |
2172 | fetched. If it is positive, the @var{n} articles that have arrived | |
2173 | most recently will be fetched. | |
2174 | ||
2175 | @vindex gnus-large-ephemeral-newsgroup | |
2176 | @code{gnus-large-ephemeral-newsgroup} is the same as | |
2177 | @code{gnus-large-newsgroup}, but is only used for ephemeral | |
2178 | newsgroups. | |
2179 | ||
4b70e299 | 2180 | @vindex gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles |
4009494e GM |
2181 | In groups in some news servers, there might be a big gap between a few |
2182 | very old articles that will never be expired and the recent ones. In | |
2183 | such a case, the server will return the data like @code{(1 . 30000000)} | |
2184 | for the @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command, for example. Even if there | |
2185 | are actually only the articles 1-10 and 29999900-30000000, Gnus doesn't | |
2186 | know it at first and prepares for getting 30000000 articles. However, | |
2187 | it will consume hundreds megabytes of memories and might make Emacs get | |
2188 | stuck as the case may be. If you use such news servers, set the | |
4b70e299 MB |
2189 | variable @code{gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles} to a positive number. |
2190 | The value means that Gnus ignores articles other than this number of the | |
2191 | latest ones in every group. For instance, the value 10000 makes Gnus | |
2192 | get only the articles 29990001-30000000 (if the latest article number is | |
2193 | 30000000 in a group). Note that setting this variable to a number might | |
2194 | prevent you from reading very old articles. The default value of the | |
2195 | variable @code{gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles} is @code{nil}, which | |
2196 | means Gnus never ignores old articles. | |
4009494e GM |
2197 | |
2198 | @vindex gnus-select-group-hook | |
2199 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-first | |
2200 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-subject | |
2201 | If @code{gnus-auto-select-first} is non-@code{nil}, select an article | |
2202 | automatically when entering a group with the @kbd{SPACE} command. | |
2203 | Which article this is is controlled by the | |
2204 | @code{gnus-auto-select-subject} variable. Valid values for this | |
2205 | variable are: | |
2206 | ||
2207 | @table @code | |
2208 | ||
2209 | @item unread | |
2210 | Place point on the subject line of the first unread article. | |
2211 | ||
2212 | @item first | |
2213 | Place point on the subject line of the first article. | |
2214 | ||
2215 | @item unseen | |
2216 | Place point on the subject line of the first unseen article. | |
2217 | ||
2218 | @item unseen-or-unread | |
2219 | Place point on the subject line of the first unseen article, and if | |
2220 | there is no such article, place point on the subject line of the first | |
2221 | unread article. | |
2222 | ||
2223 | @item best | |
2224 | Place point on the subject line of the highest-scored unread article. | |
2225 | ||
2226 | @end table | |
2227 | ||
2228 | This variable can also be a function. In that case, that function | |
2229 | will be called to place point on a subject line. | |
2230 | ||
2231 | If you want to prevent automatic selection in some group (say, in a | |
2232 | binary group with Huge articles) you can set the | |
2233 | @code{gnus-auto-select-first} variable to @code{nil} in | |
2234 | @code{gnus-select-group-hook}, which is called when a group is | |
2235 | selected. | |
2236 | ||
2237 | ||
2238 | @node Subscription Commands | |
2239 | @section Subscription Commands | |
2240 | @cindex subscription | |
2241 | ||
2242 | @table @kbd | |
2243 | ||
2244 | @item S t | |
2245 | @itemx u | |
2246 | @kindex S t (Group) | |
2247 | @kindex u (Group) | |
2248 | @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group | |
2249 | @c @icon{gnus-group-unsubscribe} | |
2250 | Toggle subscription to the current group | |
2251 | (@code{gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group}). | |
2252 | ||
2253 | @item S s | |
2254 | @itemx U | |
2255 | @kindex S s (Group) | |
2256 | @kindex U (Group) | |
2257 | @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-group | |
2258 | Prompt for a group to subscribe, and then subscribe it. If it was | |
2259 | subscribed already, unsubscribe it instead | |
2260 | (@code{gnus-group-unsubscribe-group}). | |
2261 | ||
2262 | @item S k | |
2263 | @itemx C-k | |
2264 | @kindex S k (Group) | |
2265 | @kindex C-k (Group) | |
2266 | @findex gnus-group-kill-group | |
2267 | @c @icon{gnus-group-kill-group} | |
2268 | Kill the current group (@code{gnus-group-kill-group}). | |
2269 | ||
2270 | @item S y | |
2271 | @itemx C-y | |
2272 | @kindex S y (Group) | |
2273 | @kindex C-y (Group) | |
2274 | @findex gnus-group-yank-group | |
2275 | Yank the last killed group (@code{gnus-group-yank-group}). | |
2276 | ||
2277 | @item C-x C-t | |
2278 | @kindex C-x C-t (Group) | |
2279 | @findex gnus-group-transpose-groups | |
2280 | Transpose two groups (@code{gnus-group-transpose-groups}). This isn't | |
2281 | really a subscription command, but you can use it instead of a | |
2282 | kill-and-yank sequence sometimes. | |
2283 | ||
2284 | @item S w | |
2285 | @itemx C-w | |
2286 | @kindex S w (Group) | |
2287 | @kindex C-w (Group) | |
2288 | @findex gnus-group-kill-region | |
2289 | Kill all groups in the region (@code{gnus-group-kill-region}). | |
2290 | ||
2291 | @item S z | |
2292 | @kindex S z (Group) | |
2293 | @findex gnus-group-kill-all-zombies | |
2294 | Kill all zombie groups (@code{gnus-group-kill-all-zombies}). | |
2295 | ||
2296 | @item S C-k | |
2297 | @kindex S C-k (Group) | |
2298 | @findex gnus-group-kill-level | |
2299 | Kill all groups on a certain level (@code{gnus-group-kill-level}). | |
2300 | These groups can't be yanked back after killing, so this command should | |
2301 | be used with some caution. The only time where this command comes in | |
2302 | really handy is when you have a @file{.newsrc} with lots of unsubscribed | |
2303 | groups that you want to get rid off. @kbd{S C-k} on level 7 will | |
2304 | kill off all unsubscribed groups that do not have message numbers in the | |
2305 | @file{.newsrc} file. | |
2306 | ||
2307 | @end table | |
2308 | ||
2309 | Also @pxref{Group Levels}. | |
2310 | ||
2311 | ||
2312 | @node Group Data | |
2313 | @section Group Data | |
2314 | ||
2315 | @table @kbd | |
2316 | ||
2317 | @item c | |
2318 | @kindex c (Group) | |
2319 | @findex gnus-group-catchup-current | |
2320 | @vindex gnus-group-catchup-group-hook | |
2321 | @c @icon{gnus-group-catchup-current} | |
2322 | Mark all unticked articles in this group as read | |
2323 | (@code{gnus-group-catchup-current}). | |
2324 | @code{gnus-group-catchup-group-hook} is called when catching up a group from | |
2325 | the group buffer. | |
2326 | ||
2327 | @item C | |
2328 | @kindex C (Group) | |
2329 | @findex gnus-group-catchup-current-all | |
2330 | Mark all articles in this group, even the ticked ones, as read | |
2331 | (@code{gnus-group-catchup-current-all}). | |
2332 | ||
2333 | @item M-c | |
2334 | @kindex M-c (Group) | |
2335 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data | |
2336 | Clear the data from the current group---nix out marks and the list of | |
2337 | read articles (@code{gnus-group-clear-data}). | |
2338 | ||
2339 | @item M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2340 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2341 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups | |
2342 | If you have switched from one @acronym{NNTP} server to another, all your marks | |
2343 | and read ranges have become worthless. You can use this command to | |
2344 | clear out all data that you have on your native groups. Use with | |
2345 | caution. | |
2346 | ||
2347 | @end table | |
2348 | ||
2349 | ||
2350 | @node Group Levels | |
2351 | @section Group Levels | |
2352 | @cindex group level | |
2353 | @cindex level | |
2354 | ||
2355 | All groups have a level of @dfn{subscribedness}. For instance, if a | |
2356 | group is on level 2, it is more subscribed than a group on level 5. You | |
2357 | can ask Gnus to just list groups on a given level or lower | |
2358 | (@pxref{Listing Groups}), or to just check for new articles in groups on | |
2359 | a given level or lower (@pxref{Scanning New Messages}). | |
2360 | ||
2361 | Remember: The higher the level of the group, the less important it is. | |
2362 | ||
2363 | @table @kbd | |
2364 | ||
2365 | @item S l | |
2366 | @kindex S l (Group) | |
2367 | @findex gnus-group-set-current-level | |
2368 | Set the level of the current group. If a numeric prefix is given, the | |
2369 | next @var{n} groups will have their levels set. The user will be | |
2370 | prompted for a level. | |
2371 | @end table | |
2372 | ||
2373 | @vindex gnus-level-killed | |
2374 | @vindex gnus-level-zombie | |
2375 | @vindex gnus-level-unsubscribed | |
2376 | @vindex gnus-level-subscribed | |
2377 | Gnus considers groups from levels 1 to | |
2378 | @code{gnus-level-subscribed} (inclusive) (default 5) to be subscribed, | |
2379 | @code{gnus-level-subscribed} (exclusive) and | |
2380 | @code{gnus-level-unsubscribed} (inclusive) (default 7) to be | |
2381 | unsubscribed, @code{gnus-level-zombie} to be zombies (walking dead) | |
2382 | (default 8) and @code{gnus-level-killed} to be killed (completely dead) | |
2383 | (default 9). Gnus treats subscribed and unsubscribed groups exactly the | |
2384 | same, but zombie and killed groups have no information on what articles | |
2385 | you have read, etc, stored. This distinction between dead and living | |
2386 | groups isn't done because it is nice or clever, it is done purely for | |
2387 | reasons of efficiency. | |
2388 | ||
2389 | It is recommended that you keep all your mail groups (if any) on quite | |
2390 | low levels (e.g. 1 or 2). | |
2391 | ||
2392 | Maybe the following description of the default behavior of Gnus helps to | |
2393 | understand what these levels are all about. By default, Gnus shows you | |
2394 | subscribed nonempty groups, but by hitting @kbd{L} you can have it show | |
2395 | empty subscribed groups and unsubscribed groups, too. Type @kbd{l} to | |
2396 | go back to showing nonempty subscribed groups again. Thus, unsubscribed | |
2397 | groups are hidden, in a way. | |
2398 | ||
2399 | Zombie and killed groups are similar to unsubscribed groups in that they | |
2400 | are hidden by default. But they are different from subscribed and | |
2401 | unsubscribed groups in that Gnus doesn't ask the news server for | |
2402 | information (number of messages, number of unread messages) on zombie | |
2403 | and killed groups. Normally, you use @kbd{C-k} to kill the groups you | |
2404 | aren't interested in. If most groups are killed, Gnus is faster. | |
2405 | ||
2406 | Why does Gnus distinguish between zombie and killed groups? Well, when | |
2407 | a new group arrives on the server, Gnus by default makes it a zombie | |
2408 | group. This means that you are normally not bothered with new groups, | |
2409 | but you can type @kbd{A z} to get a list of all new groups. Subscribe | |
2410 | the ones you like and kill the ones you don't want. (@kbd{A k} shows a | |
2411 | list of killed groups.) | |
2412 | ||
2413 | If you want to play with the level variables, you should show some care. | |
2414 | Set them once, and don't touch them ever again. Better yet, don't touch | |
2415 | them at all unless you know exactly what you're doing. | |
2416 | ||
2417 | @vindex gnus-level-default-unsubscribed | |
2418 | @vindex gnus-level-default-subscribed | |
2419 | Two closely related variables are @code{gnus-level-default-subscribed} | |
2420 | (default 3) and @code{gnus-level-default-unsubscribed} (default 6), | |
2421 | which are the levels that new groups will be put on if they are | |
2422 | (un)subscribed. These two variables should, of course, be inside the | |
2423 | relevant valid ranges. | |
2424 | ||
2425 | @vindex gnus-keep-same-level | |
2426 | If @code{gnus-keep-same-level} is non-@code{nil}, some movement commands | |
2427 | will only move to groups of the same level (or lower). In | |
2428 | particular, going from the last article in one group to the next group | |
2429 | will go to the next group of the same level (or lower). This might be | |
2430 | handy if you want to read the most important groups before you read the | |
2431 | rest. | |
2432 | ||
2433 | If this variable is @code{best}, Gnus will make the next newsgroup the | |
2434 | one with the best level. | |
2435 | ||
2436 | @vindex gnus-group-default-list-level | |
2437 | All groups with a level less than or equal to | |
2438 | @code{gnus-group-default-list-level} will be listed in the group buffer | |
2439 | by default. | |
2440 | ||
2441 | @vindex gnus-group-list-inactive-groups | |
2442 | If @code{gnus-group-list-inactive-groups} is non-@code{nil}, non-active | |
2443 | groups will be listed along with the unread groups. This variable is | |
2444 | @code{t} by default. If it is @code{nil}, inactive groups won't be | |
2445 | listed. | |
2446 | ||
2447 | @vindex gnus-group-use-permanent-levels | |
2448 | If @code{gnus-group-use-permanent-levels} is non-@code{nil}, once you | |
2449 | give a level prefix to @kbd{g} or @kbd{l}, all subsequent commands will | |
2450 | use this level as the ``work'' level. | |
2451 | ||
2452 | @vindex gnus-activate-level | |
2453 | Gnus will normally just activate (i. e., query the server about) groups | |
2454 | on level @code{gnus-activate-level} or less. If you don't want to | |
2455 | activate unsubscribed groups, for instance, you might set this variable | |
2456 | to 5. The default is 6. | |
2457 | ||
2458 | ||
2459 | @node Group Score | |
2460 | @section Group Score | |
2461 | @cindex group score | |
2462 | @cindex group rank | |
2463 | @cindex rank | |
2464 | ||
2465 | You would normally keep important groups on high levels, but that scheme | |
2466 | is somewhat restrictive. Don't you wish you could have Gnus sort the | |
2467 | group buffer according to how often you read groups, perhaps? Within | |
2468 | reason? | |
2469 | ||
2470 | This is what @dfn{group score} is for. You can have Gnus assign a score | |
2471 | to each group through the mechanism described below. You can then sort | |
2472 | the group buffer based on this score. Alternatively, you can sort on | |
2473 | score and then level. (Taken together, the level and the score is | |
2474 | called the @dfn{rank} of the group. A group that is on level 4 and has | |
2475 | a score of 1 has a higher rank than a group on level 5 that has a score | |
2476 | of 300. (The level is the most significant part and the score is the | |
2477 | least significant part.)) | |
2478 | ||
2479 | @findex gnus-summary-bubble-group | |
2480 | If you want groups you read often to get higher scores than groups you | |
2481 | read seldom you can add the @code{gnus-summary-bubble-group} function to | |
2482 | the @code{gnus-summary-exit-hook} hook. This will result (after | |
2483 | sorting) in a bubbling sort of action. If you want to see that in | |
2484 | action after each summary exit, you can add | |
2485 | @code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank} or | |
2486 | @code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score} to the same hook, but that will | |
2487 | slow things down somewhat. | |
2488 | ||
2489 | ||
2490 | @node Marking Groups | |
2491 | @section Marking Groups | |
2492 | @cindex marking groups | |
2493 | ||
2494 | If you want to perform some command on several groups, and they appear | |
2495 | subsequently in the group buffer, you would normally just give a | |
2496 | numerical prefix to the command. Most group commands will then do your | |
2497 | bidding on those groups. | |
2498 | ||
2499 | However, if the groups are not in sequential order, you can still | |
2500 | perform a command on several groups. You simply mark the groups first | |
2501 | with the process mark and then execute the command. | |
2502 | ||
2503 | @table @kbd | |
2504 | ||
2505 | @item # | |
2506 | @kindex # (Group) | |
2507 | @itemx M m | |
2508 | @kindex M m (Group) | |
2509 | @findex gnus-group-mark-group | |
2510 | Set the mark on the current group (@code{gnus-group-mark-group}). | |
2511 | ||
2512 | @item M-# | |
2513 | @kindex M-# (Group) | |
2514 | @itemx M u | |
2515 | @kindex M u (Group) | |
2516 | @findex gnus-group-unmark-group | |
2517 | Remove the mark from the current group | |
2518 | (@code{gnus-group-unmark-group}). | |
2519 | ||
2520 | @item M U | |
2521 | @kindex M U (Group) | |
2522 | @findex gnus-group-unmark-all-groups | |
2523 | Remove the mark from all groups (@code{gnus-group-unmark-all-groups}). | |
2524 | ||
2525 | @item M w | |
2526 | @kindex M w (Group) | |
2527 | @findex gnus-group-mark-region | |
2528 | Mark all groups between point and mark (@code{gnus-group-mark-region}). | |
2529 | ||
2530 | @item M b | |
2531 | @kindex M b (Group) | |
2532 | @findex gnus-group-mark-buffer | |
2533 | Mark all groups in the buffer (@code{gnus-group-mark-buffer}). | |
2534 | ||
2535 | @item M r | |
2536 | @kindex M r (Group) | |
2537 | @findex gnus-group-mark-regexp | |
2538 | Mark all groups that match some regular expression | |
2539 | (@code{gnus-group-mark-regexp}). | |
2540 | @end table | |
2541 | ||
2542 | Also @pxref{Process/Prefix}. | |
2543 | ||
2544 | @findex gnus-group-universal-argument | |
2545 | If you want to execute some command on all groups that have been marked | |
2546 | with the process mark, you can use the @kbd{M-&} | |
2547 | (@code{gnus-group-universal-argument}) command. It will prompt you for | |
2548 | the command to be executed. | |
2549 | ||
2550 | ||
2551 | @node Foreign Groups | |
2552 | @section Foreign Groups | |
2553 | @cindex foreign groups | |
2554 | ||
2555 | Below are some group mode commands for making and editing general foreign | |
2556 | groups, as well as commands to ease the creation of a few | |
2557 | special-purpose groups. All these commands insert the newly created | |
2558 | groups under point---@code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method} is not | |
2559 | consulted. | |
2560 | ||
2561 | Changes from the group editing commands are stored in | |
2562 | @file{~/.newsrc.eld} (@code{gnus-startup-file}). An alternative is the | |
2563 | variable @code{gnus-parameters}, @xref{Group Parameters}. | |
2564 | ||
2565 | @table @kbd | |
2566 | ||
2567 | @item G m | |
2568 | @kindex G m (Group) | |
2569 | @findex gnus-group-make-group | |
2570 | @cindex making groups | |
2571 | Make a new group (@code{gnus-group-make-group}). Gnus will prompt you | |
2572 | for a name, a method and possibly an @dfn{address}. For an easier way | |
2573 | to subscribe to @acronym{NNTP} groups (@pxref{Browse Foreign Server}). | |
2574 | ||
2575 | @item G M | |
2576 | @kindex G M (Group) | |
2577 | @findex gnus-group-read-ephemeral-group | |
2578 | Make an ephemeral group (@code{gnus-group-read-ephemeral-group}). Gnus | |
2579 | will prompt you for a name, a method and an @dfn{address}. | |
2580 | ||
2581 | @item G r | |
2582 | @kindex G r (Group) | |
2583 | @findex gnus-group-rename-group | |
2584 | @cindex renaming groups | |
2585 | Rename the current group to something else | |
2586 | (@code{gnus-group-rename-group}). This is valid only on some | |
2587 | groups---mail groups mostly. This command might very well be quite slow | |
2588 | on some back ends. | |
2589 | ||
2590 | @item G c | |
2591 | @kindex G c (Group) | |
2592 | @cindex customizing | |
2593 | @findex gnus-group-customize | |
2594 | Customize the group parameters (@code{gnus-group-customize}). | |
2595 | ||
2596 | @item G e | |
2597 | @kindex G e (Group) | |
2598 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group-method | |
2599 | @cindex renaming groups | |
2600 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the select method of the current | |
2601 | group (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-method}). | |
2602 | ||
2603 | @item G p | |
2604 | @kindex G p (Group) | |
2605 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group-parameters | |
2606 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the group parameters | |
2607 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-parameters}). | |
2608 | ||
2609 | @item G E | |
2610 | @kindex G E (Group) | |
2611 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group | |
2612 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the group info | |
2613 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group}). | |
2614 | ||
2615 | @item G d | |
2616 | @kindex G d (Group) | |
2617 | @findex gnus-group-make-directory-group | |
2618 | @cindex nndir | |
2619 | Make a directory group (@pxref{Directory Groups}). You will be prompted | |
2620 | for a directory name (@code{gnus-group-make-directory-group}). | |
2621 | ||
2622 | @item G h | |
2623 | @kindex G h (Group) | |
2624 | @cindex help group | |
2625 | @findex gnus-group-make-help-group | |
2626 | Make the Gnus help group (@code{gnus-group-make-help-group}). | |
2627 | ||
2628 | @item G a | |
2629 | @kindex G a (Group) | |
2630 | @cindex (ding) archive | |
2631 | @cindex archive group | |
2632 | @findex gnus-group-make-archive-group | |
2633 | @vindex gnus-group-archive-directory | |
2634 | @vindex gnus-group-recent-archive-directory | |
2635 | Make a Gnus archive group (@code{gnus-group-make-archive-group}). By | |
2636 | default a group pointing to the most recent articles will be created | |
2637 | (@code{gnus-group-recent-archive-directory}), but given a prefix, a full | |
2638 | group will be created from @code{gnus-group-archive-directory}. | |
2639 | ||
2640 | @item G k | |
2641 | @kindex G k (Group) | |
2642 | @findex gnus-group-make-kiboze-group | |
2643 | @cindex nnkiboze | |
2644 | Make a kiboze group. You will be prompted for a name, for a regexp to | |
2645 | match groups to be ``included'' in the kiboze group, and a series of | |
2646 | strings to match on headers (@code{gnus-group-make-kiboze-group}). | |
2647 | @xref{Kibozed Groups}. | |
2648 | ||
2649 | @item G D | |
2650 | @kindex G D (Group) | |
2651 | @findex gnus-group-enter-directory | |
2652 | @cindex nneething | |
2653 | Read an arbitrary directory as if it were a newsgroup with the | |
2654 | @code{nneething} back end (@code{gnus-group-enter-directory}). | |
2655 | @xref{Anything Groups}. | |
2656 | ||
2657 | @item G f | |
2658 | @kindex G f (Group) | |
2659 | @findex gnus-group-make-doc-group | |
2660 | @cindex ClariNet Briefs | |
2661 | @cindex nndoc | |
2662 | Make a group based on some file or other | |
2663 | (@code{gnus-group-make-doc-group}). If you give a prefix to this | |
2664 | command, you will be prompted for a file name and a file type. | |
2665 | Currently supported types are @code{mbox}, @code{babyl}, | |
2666 | @code{digest}, @code{news}, @code{rnews}, @code{mmdf}, @code{forward}, | |
2667 | @code{rfc934}, @code{rfc822-forward}, @code{mime-parts}, | |
2668 | @code{standard-digest}, @code{slack-digest}, @code{clari-briefs}, | |
2669 | @code{nsmail}, @code{outlook}, @code{oe-dbx}, and @code{mailman}. If | |
2670 | you run this command without a prefix, Gnus will guess at the file | |
2671 | type. @xref{Document Groups}. | |
2672 | ||
2673 | @item G u | |
2674 | @kindex G u (Group) | |
2675 | @vindex gnus-useful-groups | |
2676 | @findex gnus-group-make-useful-group | |
2677 | Create one of the groups mentioned in @code{gnus-useful-groups} | |
2678 | (@code{gnus-group-make-useful-group}). | |
2679 | ||
2680 | @item G w | |
2681 | @kindex G w (Group) | |
2682 | @findex gnus-group-make-web-group | |
2683 | @cindex Google | |
2684 | @cindex nnweb | |
2685 | @cindex gmane | |
2686 | Make an ephemeral group based on a web search | |
2687 | (@code{gnus-group-make-web-group}). If you give a prefix to this | |
2688 | command, make a solid group instead. You will be prompted for the | |
2689 | search engine type and the search string. Valid search engine types | |
2690 | include @code{google}, @code{dejanews}, and @code{gmane}. | |
2691 | @xref{Web Searches}. | |
2692 | ||
2693 | If you use the @code{google} search engine, you can limit the search | |
2694 | to a particular group by using a match string like | |
2695 | @samp{shaving group:alt.sysadmin.recovery}. | |
2696 | ||
2697 | @item G R | |
2698 | @kindex G R (Group) | |
2699 | @findex gnus-group-make-rss-group | |
2700 | Make a group based on an @acronym{RSS} feed | |
2701 | (@code{gnus-group-make-rss-group}). You will be prompted for an URL. | |
2702 | @xref{RSS}. | |
2703 | ||
2704 | @item G DEL | |
2705 | @kindex G DEL (Group) | |
2706 | @findex gnus-group-delete-group | |
2707 | This function will delete the current group | |
2708 | (@code{gnus-group-delete-group}). If given a prefix, this function will | |
2709 | actually delete all the articles in the group, and forcibly remove the | |
2710 | group itself from the face of the Earth. Use a prefix only if you are | |
2711 | absolutely sure of what you are doing. This command can't be used on | |
2712 | read-only groups (like @code{nntp} groups), though. | |
2713 | ||
2714 | @item G V | |
2715 | @kindex G V (Group) | |
2716 | @findex gnus-group-make-empty-virtual | |
2717 | Make a new, fresh, empty @code{nnvirtual} group | |
2718 | (@code{gnus-group-make-empty-virtual}). @xref{Virtual Groups}. | |
2719 | ||
2720 | @item G v | |
2721 | @kindex G v (Group) | |
2722 | @findex gnus-group-add-to-virtual | |
2723 | Add the current group to an @code{nnvirtual} group | |
2724 | (@code{gnus-group-add-to-virtual}). Uses the process/prefix convention. | |
2725 | @end table | |
2726 | ||
2727 | @xref{Select Methods}, for more information on the various select | |
2728 | methods. | |
2729 | ||
2730 | @vindex gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups | |
2731 | If @code{gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups} is a positive number, | |
2732 | Gnus will check all foreign groups with this level or lower at startup. | |
2733 | This might take quite a while, especially if you subscribe to lots of | |
2734 | groups from different @acronym{NNTP} servers. Also @pxref{Group Levels}; | |
2735 | @code{gnus-activate-level} also affects activation of foreign | |
2736 | newsgroups. | |
2737 | ||
2738 | ||
2739 | @node Group Parameters | |
2740 | @section Group Parameters | |
2741 | @cindex group parameters | |
2742 | ||
2743 | The group parameters store information local to a particular group. | |
2744 | Here's an example group parameter list: | |
2745 | ||
2746 | @example | |
2747 | ((to-address . "ding@@gnus.org") | |
2748 | (auto-expire . t)) | |
2749 | @end example | |
2750 | ||
2751 | We see that each element consists of a ``dotted pair''---the thing before | |
2752 | the dot is the key, while the thing after the dot is the value. All the | |
2753 | parameters have this form @emph{except} local variable specs, which are | |
2754 | not dotted pairs, but proper lists. | |
2755 | ||
2756 | Some parameters have correspondent customizable variables, each of which | |
2757 | is an alist of regexps and values. | |
2758 | ||
2759 | The following group parameters can be used: | |
2760 | ||
2761 | @table @code | |
2762 | @item to-address | |
2763 | @cindex to-address | |
2764 | Address used by when doing followups and new posts. | |
2765 | ||
2766 | @example | |
2767 | (to-address . "some@@where.com") | |
2768 | @end example | |
2769 | ||
2770 | This is primarily useful in mail groups that represent closed mailing | |
2771 | lists---mailing lists where it's expected that everybody that writes to | |
2772 | the mailing list is subscribed to it. Since using this parameter | |
2773 | ensures that the mail only goes to the mailing list itself, it means | |
2774 | that members won't receive two copies of your followups. | |
2775 | ||
2776 | Using @code{to-address} will actually work whether the group is foreign | |
2777 | or not. Let's say there's a group on the server that is called | |
2778 | @samp{fa.4ad-l}. This is a real newsgroup, but the server has gotten | |
2779 | the articles from a mail-to-news gateway. Posting directly to this | |
2780 | group is therefore impossible---you have to send mail to the mailing | |
2781 | list address instead. | |
2782 | ||
2783 | See also @code{gnus-parameter-to-address-alist}. | |
2784 | ||
2785 | @item to-list | |
2786 | @cindex to-list | |
2787 | Address used when doing @kbd{a} in that group. | |
2788 | ||
2789 | @example | |
2790 | (to-list . "some@@where.com") | |
2791 | @end example | |
2792 | ||
2793 | It is totally ignored | |
2794 | when doing a followup---except that if it is present in a news group, | |
2795 | you'll get mail group semantics when doing @kbd{f}. | |
2796 | ||
2797 | If you do an @kbd{a} command in a mail group and you have neither a | |
2798 | @code{to-list} group parameter nor a @code{to-address} group parameter, | |
2799 | then a @code{to-list} group parameter will be added automatically upon | |
2800 | sending the message if @code{gnus-add-to-list} is set to @code{t}. | |
2801 | @vindex gnus-add-to-list | |
2802 | ||
2803 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-mode | |
2804 | @cindex mail list groups | |
2805 | If this variable is set, @code{gnus-mailing-list-mode} is turned on when | |
2806 | entering summary buffer. | |
2807 | ||
2808 | See also @code{gnus-parameter-to-list-alist}. | |
2809 | ||
2810 | @anchor{subscribed} | |
2811 | @item subscribed | |
2812 | @cindex subscribed | |
2813 | @cindex Mail-Followup-To | |
2814 | @findex gnus-find-subscribed-addresses | |
2815 | If this parameter is set to @code{t}, Gnus will consider the | |
2816 | to-address and to-list parameters for this group as addresses of | |
2817 | mailing lists you are subscribed to. Giving Gnus this information is | |
2818 | (only) a first step in getting it to generate correct Mail-Followup-To | |
2819 | headers for your posts to these lists. The second step is to put the | |
2820 | following in your @file{.gnus.el} | |
2821 | ||
2822 | @lisp | |
2823 | (setq message-subscribed-address-functions | |
2824 | '(gnus-find-subscribed-addresses)) | |
2825 | @end lisp | |
2826 | ||
2827 | @xref{Mailing Lists, ,Mailing Lists, message, The Message Manual}, for | |
2828 | a complete treatment of available MFT support. | |
2829 | ||
2830 | @item visible | |
2831 | @cindex visible | |
2832 | If the group parameter list has the element @code{(visible . t)}, | |
2833 | that group will always be visible in the Group buffer, regardless | |
2834 | of whether it has any unread articles. | |
2835 | ||
2836 | This parameter cannot be set via @code{gnus-parameters}. See | |
2837 | @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} as an alternative. | |
2838 | ||
2839 | @item broken-reply-to | |
2840 | @cindex broken-reply-to | |
2841 | Elements like @code{(broken-reply-to . t)} signals that @code{Reply-To} | |
2842 | headers in this group are to be ignored, and for the header to be hidden | |
2843 | if @code{reply-to} is part of @code{gnus-boring-article-headers}. This | |
2844 | can be useful if you're reading a mailing list group where the listserv | |
2845 | has inserted @code{Reply-To} headers that point back to the listserv | |
2846 | itself. That is broken behavior. So there! | |
2847 | ||
2848 | @item to-group | |
2849 | @cindex to-group | |
2850 | Elements like @code{(to-group . "some.group.name")} means that all | |
2851 | posts in that group will be sent to @code{some.group.name}. | |
2852 | ||
2853 | @item newsgroup | |
2854 | @cindex newsgroup | |
2855 | If you have @code{(newsgroup . t)} in the group parameter list, Gnus | |
2856 | will treat all responses as if they were responses to news articles. | |
2857 | This can be useful if you have a mail group that's really a mirror of a | |
2858 | news group. | |
2859 | ||
2860 | @item gcc-self | |
2861 | @cindex gcc-self | |
2862 | If @code{(gcc-self . t)} is present in the group parameter list, newly | |
2863 | composed messages will be @code{Gcc}'d to the current group. If | |
2864 | @code{(gcc-self . none)} is present, no @code{Gcc:} header will be | |
2865 | generated, if @code{(gcc-self . "string")} is present, this string will | |
2866 | be inserted literally as a @code{gcc} header. This parameter takes | |
2867 | precedence over any default @code{Gcc} rules as described later | |
2868 | (@pxref{Archived Messages}). | |
2869 | ||
2870 | @strong{Caveat}: Adding @code{(gcc-self . t)} to the parameter list of | |
2871 | @code{nntp} groups (or the like) isn't valid. An @code{nntp} server | |
2872 | doesn't accept articles. | |
2873 | ||
2874 | @item auto-expire | |
2875 | @cindex auto-expire | |
2876 | @cindex expiring mail | |
2877 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like @code{(auto-expire | |
2878 | . t)}, all articles read will be marked as expirable. For an | |
2879 | alternative approach, @pxref{Expiring Mail}. | |
2880 | ||
2881 | See also @code{gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups}. | |
2882 | ||
2883 | @item total-expire | |
2884 | @cindex total-expire | |
2885 | @cindex expiring mail | |
2886 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like | |
2887 | @code{(total-expire . t)}, all read articles will be put through the | |
2888 | expiry process, even if they are not marked as expirable. Use with | |
2889 | caution. Unread, ticked and dormant articles are not eligible for | |
2890 | expiry. | |
2891 | ||
2892 | See also @code{gnus-total-expirable-newsgroups}. | |
2893 | ||
2894 | @item expiry-wait | |
2895 | @cindex expiry-wait | |
2896 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-wait-function | |
2897 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like | |
2898 | @code{(expiry-wait . 10)}, this value will override any | |
2899 | @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} and @code{nnmail-expiry-wait-function} | |
2900 | (@pxref{Expiring Mail}) when expiring expirable messages. The value | |
2901 | can either be a number of days (not necessarily an integer) or the | |
2902 | symbols @code{never} or @code{immediate}. | |
2903 | ||
2904 | @item expiry-target | |
2905 | @cindex expiry-target | |
2906 | Where expired messages end up. This parameter overrides | |
2907 | @code{nnmail-expiry-target}. | |
2908 | ||
2909 | @item score-file | |
2910 | @cindex score file group parameter | |
2911 | Elements that look like @code{(score-file . "file")} will make | |
2912 | @file{file} into the current score file for the group in question. All | |
2913 | interactive score entries will be put into this file. | |
2914 | ||
2915 | @item adapt-file | |
2916 | @cindex adapt file group parameter | |
2917 | Elements that look like @code{(adapt-file . "file")} will make | |
2918 | @file{file} into the current adaptive file for the group in question. | |
2919 | All adaptive score entries will be put into this file. | |
2920 | ||
2921 | @item admin-address | |
2922 | @cindex admin-address | |
2923 | When unsubscribing from a mailing list you should never send the | |
2924 | unsubscription notice to the mailing list itself. Instead, you'd send | |
2925 | messages to the administrative address. This parameter allows you to | |
2926 | put the admin address somewhere convenient. | |
2927 | ||
2928 | @item display | |
2929 | @cindex display | |
2930 | Elements that look like @code{(display . MODE)} say which articles to | |
2931 | display on entering the group. Valid values are: | |
2932 | ||
2933 | @table @code | |
2934 | @item all | |
2935 | Display all articles, both read and unread. | |
2936 | ||
2937 | @item an integer | |
2938 | Display the last @var{integer} articles in the group. This is the same as | |
2939 | entering the group with @kbd{C-u @var{integer}}. | |
2940 | ||
2941 | @item default | |
2942 | Display the default visible articles, which normally includes unread and | |
2943 | ticked articles. | |
2944 | ||
2945 | @item an array | |
2946 | Display articles that satisfy a predicate. | |
2947 | ||
2948 | Here are some examples: | |
2949 | ||
2950 | @table @code | |
2951 | @item [unread] | |
2952 | Display only unread articles. | |
2953 | ||
2954 | @item [not expire] | |
2955 | Display everything except expirable articles. | |
2956 | ||
2957 | @item [and (not reply) (not expire)] | |
2958 | Display everything except expirable and articles you've already | |
2959 | responded to. | |
2960 | @end table | |
2961 | ||
2962 | The available operators are @code{not}, @code{and} and @code{or}. | |
2963 | Predicates include @code{tick}, @code{unsend}, @code{undownload}, | |
2964 | @code{unread}, @code{dormant}, @code{expire}, @code{reply}, | |
2965 | @code{killed}, @code{bookmark}, @code{score}, @code{save}, | |
2966 | @code{cache}, @code{forward}, @code{unseen} and @code{recent}. | |
2967 | ||
2968 | @end table | |
2969 | ||
2970 | The @code{display} parameter works by limiting the summary buffer to | |
2971 | the subset specified. You can pop the limit by using the @kbd{/ w} | |
2972 | command (@pxref{Limiting}). | |
2973 | ||
2974 | @item comment | |
2975 | @cindex comment | |
2976 | Elements that look like @code{(comment . "This is a comment")} are | |
2977 | arbitrary comments on the group. You can display comments in the | |
2978 | group line (@pxref{Group Line Specification}). | |
2979 | ||
2980 | @item charset | |
2981 | @cindex charset | |
2982 | Elements that look like @code{(charset . iso-8859-1)} will make | |
2983 | @code{iso-8859-1} the default charset; that is, the charset that will be | |
2984 | used for all articles that do not specify a charset. | |
2985 | ||
2986 | See also @code{gnus-group-charset-alist}. | |
2987 | ||
2988 | @item ignored-charsets | |
2989 | @cindex ignored-charset | |
2990 | Elements that look like @code{(ignored-charsets x-unknown iso-8859-1)} | |
2991 | will make @code{iso-8859-1} and @code{x-unknown} ignored; that is, the | |
2992 | default charset will be used for decoding articles. | |
2993 | ||
2994 | See also @code{gnus-group-ignored-charsets-alist}. | |
2995 | ||
2996 | @item posting-style | |
2997 | @cindex posting-style | |
2998 | You can store additional posting style information for this group | |
2999 | here (@pxref{Posting Styles}). The format is that of an entry in the | |
3000 | @code{gnus-posting-styles} alist, except that there's no regexp matching | |
3001 | the group name (of course). Style elements in this group parameter will | |
3002 | take precedence over the ones found in @code{gnus-posting-styles}. | |
3003 | ||
3004 | For instance, if you want a funky name and signature in this group only, | |
3005 | instead of hacking @code{gnus-posting-styles}, you could put something | |
3006 | like this in the group parameters: | |
3007 | ||
3008 | @example | |
3009 | (posting-style | |
3010 | (name "Funky Name") | |
3011 | ("X-My-Header" "Funky Value") | |
3012 | (signature "Funky Signature")) | |
3013 | @end example | |
3014 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
3015 | If you're using topics to organize your group buffer |
3016 | (@pxref{Group Topics}), note that posting styles can also be set in | |
3017 | the topics parameters. Posting styles in topic parameters apply to all | |
3018 | groups in this topic. More precisely, the posting-style settings for a | |
3019 | group result from the hierarchical merging of all posting-style | |
3020 | entries in the parameters of this group and all the topics it belongs | |
3021 | to. | |
3022 | ||
3023 | ||
4009494e GM |
3024 | @item post-method |
3025 | @cindex post-method | |
3026 | If it is set, the value is used as the method for posting message | |
3027 | instead of @code{gnus-post-method}. | |
3028 | ||
3029 | @item banner | |
3030 | @cindex banner | |
3031 | An item like @code{(banner . @var{regexp})} causes any part of an article | |
3032 | that matches the regular expression @var{regexp} to be stripped. Instead of | |
3033 | @var{regexp}, you can also use the symbol @code{signature} which strips the | |
3034 | last signature or any of the elements of the alist | |
3035 | @code{gnus-article-banner-alist}. | |
3036 | ||
3037 | @item sieve | |
3038 | @cindex sieve | |
3039 | This parameter contains a Sieve test that should match incoming mail | |
3040 | that should be placed in this group. From this group parameter, a | |
3041 | Sieve @samp{IF} control structure is generated, having the test as the | |
3042 | condition and @samp{fileinto "group.name";} as the body. | |
3043 | ||
3044 | For example, if the @samp{INBOX.list.sieve} group has the @code{(sieve | |
3045 | address "sender" "sieve-admin@@extundo.com")} group parameter, when | |
3046 | translating the group parameter into a Sieve script (@pxref{Sieve | |
3047 | Commands}) the following Sieve code is generated: | |
3048 | ||
3049 | @example | |
01c52d31 MB |
3050 | if address "sender" "sieve-admin@@extundo.com" @{ |
3051 | fileinto "INBOX.list.sieve"; | |
3052 | @} | |
3053 | @end example | |
3054 | ||
3055 | To generate tests for multiple email-addresses use a group parameter | |
3056 | like @code{(sieve address "sender" ("name@@one.org" else@@two.org"))}. | |
3057 | When generating a sieve script (@pxref{Sieve Commands}) Sieve code | |
3058 | like the following is generated: | |
3059 | ||
3060 | @example | |
3061 | if address "sender" ["name@@one.org", "else@@two.org"] @{ | |
3062 | fileinto "INBOX.list.sieve"; | |
4009494e GM |
3063 | @} |
3064 | @end example | |
3065 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
3066 | See @pxref{Sieve Commands} for commands and variables that might be of |
3067 | interest in relation to the sieve parameter. | |
3068 | ||
4009494e GM |
3069 | The Sieve language is described in RFC 3028. @xref{Top, Emacs Sieve, |
3070 | Top, sieve, Emacs Sieve}. | |
3071 | ||
3072 | @item (agent parameters) | |
3073 | If the agent has been enabled, you can set any of the its parameters | |
3074 | to control the behavior of the agent in individual groups. See Agent | |
3075 | Parameters in @ref{Category Syntax}. Most users will choose to set | |
3076 | agent parameters in either an agent category or group topic to | |
3077 | minimize the configuration effort. | |
3078 | ||
3079 | @item (@var{variable} @var{form}) | |
3080 | You can use the group parameters to set variables local to the group you | |
3081 | are entering. If you want to turn threading off in @samp{news.answers}, | |
3082 | you could put @code{(gnus-show-threads nil)} in the group parameters of | |
3083 | that group. @code{gnus-show-threads} will be made into a local variable | |
3084 | in the summary buffer you enter, and the form @code{nil} will be | |
3085 | @code{eval}ed there. | |
3086 | ||
3087 | Note that this feature sets the variable locally to the summary buffer. | |
3088 | But some variables are evaluated in the article buffer, or in the | |
3089 | message buffer (of a reply or followup or otherwise newly created | |
3090 | message). As a workaround, it might help to add the variable in | |
3091 | question to @code{gnus-newsgroup-variables}. @xref{Various Summary | |
3092 | Stuff}. So if you want to set @code{message-from-style} via the group | |
3093 | parameters, then you may need the following statement elsewhere in your | |
3094 | @file{~/.gnus} file: | |
3095 | ||
3096 | @lisp | |
3097 | (add-to-list 'gnus-newsgroup-variables 'message-from-style) | |
3098 | @end lisp | |
3099 | ||
3100 | @vindex gnus-list-identifiers | |
3101 | A use for this feature is to remove a mailing list identifier tag in | |
3102 | the subject fields of articles. E.g. if the news group | |
3103 | ||
3104 | @example | |
3105 | nntp+news.gnus.org:gmane.text.docbook.apps | |
3106 | @end example | |
3107 | ||
3108 | has the tag @samp{DOC-BOOK-APPS:} in the subject of all articles, this | |
3109 | tag can be removed from the article subjects in the summary buffer for | |
3110 | the group by putting @code{(gnus-list-identifiers "DOCBOOK-APPS:")} | |
3111 | into the group parameters for the group. | |
3112 | ||
3113 | This can also be used as a group-specific hook function. If you want to | |
3114 | hear a beep when you enter a group, you could put something like | |
3115 | @code{(dummy-variable (ding))} in the parameters of that group. | |
3116 | @code{dummy-variable} will be set to the (meaningless) result of the | |
3117 | @code{(ding)} form. | |
3118 | ||
3119 | Alternatively, since the VARIABLE becomes local to the group, this | |
3120 | pattern can be used to temporarily change a hook. For example, if the | |
3121 | following is added to a group parameter | |
3122 | ||
3123 | @lisp | |
3124 | (gnus-summary-prepared-hook | |
3125 | '(lambda nil (local-set-key "d" (local-key-binding "n")))) | |
3126 | @end lisp | |
3127 | ||
3128 | when the group is entered, the 'd' key will not mark the article as | |
3129 | expired. | |
3130 | ||
3131 | @end table | |
3132 | ||
3133 | Use the @kbd{G p} or the @kbd{G c} command to edit group parameters of a | |
3134 | group. (@kbd{G p} presents you with a Lisp-based interface, @kbd{G c} | |
3135 | presents you with a Customize-like interface. The latter helps avoid | |
3136 | silly Lisp errors.) You might also be interested in reading about topic | |
3137 | parameters (@pxref{Topic Parameters}). | |
3138 | ||
3139 | @vindex gnus-parameters | |
3140 | Group parameters can be set via the @code{gnus-parameters} variable too. | |
3141 | But some variables, such as @code{visible}, have no effect (For this | |
3142 | case see @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} as an alternative.). | |
3143 | For example: | |
3144 | ||
3145 | @lisp | |
3146 | (setq gnus-parameters | |
3147 | '(("mail\\..*" | |
3148 | (gnus-show-threads nil) | |
3149 | (gnus-use-scoring nil) | |
3150 | (gnus-summary-line-format | |
3151 | "%U%R%z%I%(%[%d:%ub%-23,23f%]%) %s\n") | |
3152 | (gcc-self . t) | |
3153 | (display . all)) | |
3154 | ||
3155 | ("^nnimap:\\(foo.bar\\)$" | |
3156 | (to-group . "\\1")) | |
3157 | ||
3158 | ("mail\\.me" | |
3159 | (gnus-use-scoring t)) | |
3160 | ||
3161 | ("list\\..*" | |
3162 | (total-expire . t) | |
3163 | (broken-reply-to . t)))) | |
3164 | @end lisp | |
3165 | ||
3166 | String value of parameters will be subjected to regexp substitution, as | |
3167 | the @code{to-group} example shows. | |
3168 | ||
3169 | @vindex gnus-parameters-case-fold-search | |
3170 | By default, whether comparing the group name and one of those regexps | |
3171 | specified in @code{gnus-parameters} is done in a case-sensitive manner | |
3172 | or a case-insensitive manner depends on the value of | |
3173 | @code{case-fold-search} at the time when the comparison is done. The | |
3174 | value of @code{case-fold-search} is typically @code{t}; it means, for | |
3175 | example, the element @code{("INBOX\\.FOO" (total-expire . t))} might be | |
3176 | applied to both the @samp{INBOX.FOO} group and the @samp{INBOX.foo} | |
3177 | group. If you want to make those regexps always case-sensitive, set the | |
3178 | value of the @code{gnus-parameters-case-fold-search} variable to | |
3179 | @code{nil}. Otherwise, set it to @code{t} if you want to compare them | |
3180 | always in a case-insensitive manner. | |
3181 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
3182 | You can define different sorting to different groups via |
3183 | @code{gnus-parameters}. Here is an example to sort an @acronym{NNTP} | |
3184 | group by reverse date to see the latest news at the top and an | |
3185 | @acronym{RSS} group by subject. In this example, the first group is the | |
3186 | Debian daily news group @code{gmane.linux.debian.user.news} from | |
3187 | news.gmane.org. The @acronym{RSS} group corresponds to the Debian | |
3188 | weekly news RSS feed | |
3189 | @url{http://packages.debian.org/unstable/newpkg_main.en.rdf}, | |
3190 | @xref{RSS}. | |
3191 | ||
3192 | @lisp | |
3193 | (setq | |
3194 | gnus-parameters | |
3195 | '(("nntp.*gmane\\.debian\\.user\\.news" | |
3196 | (gnus-show-threads nil) | |
3197 | (gnus-article-sort-functions '((not gnus-article-sort-by-date))) | |
3198 | (gnus-use-adaptive-scoring nil) | |
3199 | (gnus-use-scoring nil)) | |
3200 | ("nnrss.*debian" | |
3201 | (gnus-show-threads nil) | |
3202 | (gnus-article-sort-functions 'gnus-article-sort-by-subject) | |
3203 | (gnus-use-adaptive-scoring nil) | |
3204 | (gnus-use-scoring t) | |
3205 | (gnus-score-find-score-files-function 'gnus-score-find-single) | |
3206 | (gnus-summary-line-format "%U%R%z%d %I%(%[ %s %]%)\n")))) | |
3207 | @end lisp | |
3208 | ||
4009494e GM |
3209 | |
3210 | @node Listing Groups | |
3211 | @section Listing Groups | |
3212 | @cindex group listing | |
3213 | ||
3214 | These commands all list various slices of the groups available. | |
3215 | ||
3216 | @table @kbd | |
3217 | ||
3218 | @item l | |
3219 | @itemx A s | |
3220 | @kindex A s (Group) | |
3221 | @kindex l (Group) | |
3222 | @findex gnus-group-list-groups | |
3223 | List all groups that have unread articles | |
3224 | (@code{gnus-group-list-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, this | |
3225 | command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, it | |
3226 | only lists groups of level five (i.e., | |
3227 | @code{gnus-group-default-list-level}) or lower (i.e., just subscribed | |
3228 | groups). | |
3229 | ||
3230 | @item L | |
3231 | @itemx A u | |
3232 | @kindex A u (Group) | |
3233 | @kindex L (Group) | |
3234 | @findex gnus-group-list-all-groups | |
3235 | List all groups, whether they have unread articles or not | |
3236 | (@code{gnus-group-list-all-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, | |
3237 | this command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, | |
3238 | it lists groups of level seven or lower (i.e., just subscribed and | |
3239 | unsubscribed groups). | |
3240 | ||
3241 | @item A l | |
3242 | @kindex A l (Group) | |
3243 | @findex gnus-group-list-level | |
3244 | List all unread groups on a specific level | |
3245 | (@code{gnus-group-list-level}). If given a prefix, also list the groups | |
3246 | with no unread articles. | |
3247 | ||
3248 | @item A k | |
3249 | @kindex A k (Group) | |
3250 | @findex gnus-group-list-killed | |
3251 | List all killed groups (@code{gnus-group-list-killed}). If given a | |
3252 | prefix argument, really list all groups that are available, but aren't | |
3253 | currently (un)subscribed. This could entail reading the active file | |
3254 | from the server. | |
3255 | ||
3256 | @item A z | |
3257 | @kindex A z (Group) | |
3258 | @findex gnus-group-list-zombies | |
3259 | List all zombie groups (@code{gnus-group-list-zombies}). | |
3260 | ||
3261 | @item A m | |
3262 | @kindex A m (Group) | |
3263 | @findex gnus-group-list-matching | |
3264 | List all unread, subscribed groups with names that match a regexp | |
3265 | (@code{gnus-group-list-matching}). | |
3266 | ||
3267 | @item A M | |
3268 | @kindex A M (Group) | |
3269 | @findex gnus-group-list-all-matching | |
3270 | List groups that match a regexp (@code{gnus-group-list-all-matching}). | |
3271 | ||
3272 | @item A A | |
3273 | @kindex A A (Group) | |
3274 | @findex gnus-group-list-active | |
3275 | List absolutely all groups in the active file(s) of the | |
3276 | server(s) you are connected to (@code{gnus-group-list-active}). This | |
3277 | might very well take quite a while. It might actually be a better idea | |
3278 | to do a @kbd{A M} to list all matching, and just give @samp{.} as the | |
3279 | thing to match on. Also note that this command may list groups that | |
3280 | don't exist (yet)---these will be listed as if they were killed groups. | |
3281 | Take the output with some grains of salt. | |
3282 | ||
3283 | @item A a | |
3284 | @kindex A a (Group) | |
3285 | @findex gnus-group-apropos | |
3286 | List all groups that have names that match a regexp | |
3287 | (@code{gnus-group-apropos}). | |
3288 | ||
3289 | @item A d | |
3290 | @kindex A d (Group) | |
3291 | @findex gnus-group-description-apropos | |
3292 | List all groups that have names or descriptions that match a regexp | |
3293 | (@code{gnus-group-description-apropos}). | |
3294 | ||
3295 | @item A c | |
3296 | @kindex A c (Group) | |
3297 | @findex gnus-group-list-cached | |
3298 | List all groups with cached articles (@code{gnus-group-list-cached}). | |
3299 | ||
3300 | @item A ? | |
3301 | @kindex A ? (Group) | |
3302 | @findex gnus-group-list-dormant | |
3303 | List all groups with dormant articles (@code{gnus-group-list-dormant}). | |
3304 | ||
3305 | @item A / | |
3306 | @kindex A / (Group) | |
3307 | @findex gnus-group-list-limit | |
3308 | List groups limited within the current selection | |
3309 | (@code{gnus-group-list-limit}). | |
3310 | ||
3311 | @item A f | |
3312 | @kindex A f (Group) | |
3313 | @findex gnus-group-list-flush | |
3314 | Flush groups from the current selection (@code{gnus-group-list-flush}). | |
3315 | ||
3316 | @item A p | |
3317 | @kindex A p (Group) | |
3318 | @findex gnus-group-list-plus | |
3319 | List groups plus the current selection (@code{gnus-group-list-plus}). | |
3320 | ||
3321 | @end table | |
3322 | ||
3323 | @vindex gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
3324 | @cindex visible group parameter | |
3325 | Groups that match the @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} regexp will | |
3326 | always be shown, whether they have unread articles or not. You can also | |
3327 | add the @code{visible} element to the group parameters in question to | |
3328 | get the same effect. | |
3329 | ||
3330 | @vindex gnus-list-groups-with-ticked-articles | |
3331 | Groups that have just ticked articles in it are normally listed in the | |
3332 | group buffer. If @code{gnus-list-groups-with-ticked-articles} is | |
3333 | @code{nil}, these groups will be treated just like totally empty | |
3334 | groups. It is @code{t} by default. | |
3335 | ||
3336 | ||
3337 | @node Sorting Groups | |
3338 | @section Sorting Groups | |
3339 | @cindex sorting groups | |
3340 | ||
3341 | @kindex C-c C-s (Group) | |
3342 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups | |
3343 | @vindex gnus-group-sort-function | |
3344 | The @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups}) command sorts the | |
3345 | group buffer according to the function(s) given by the | |
3346 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} variable. Available sorting functions | |
3347 | include: | |
3348 | ||
3349 | @table @code | |
3350 | ||
3351 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet | |
3352 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet | |
3353 | Sort the group names alphabetically. This is the default. | |
3354 | ||
3355 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-real-name | |
3356 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-real-name | |
3357 | Sort the group alphabetically on the real (unprefixed) group names. | |
3358 | ||
3359 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-level | |
3360 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-level | |
3361 | Sort by group level. | |
3362 | ||
3363 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-score | |
3364 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-score | |
3365 | Sort by group score. @xref{Group Score}. | |
3366 | ||
3367 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-rank | |
3368 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-rank | |
3369 | Sort by group score and then the group level. The level and the score | |
3370 | are, when taken together, the group's @dfn{rank}. @xref{Group Score}. | |
3371 | ||
3372 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-unread | |
3373 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-unread | |
3374 | Sort by number of unread articles. | |
3375 | ||
3376 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-method | |
3377 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-method | |
3378 | Sort alphabetically on the select method. | |
3379 | ||
3380 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-server | |
3381 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-server | |
3382 | Sort alphabetically on the Gnus server name. | |
3383 | ||
3384 | ||
3385 | @end table | |
3386 | ||
3387 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} can also be a list of sorting | |
3388 | functions. In that case, the most significant sort key function must be | |
3389 | the last one. | |
3390 | ||
3391 | ||
3392 | There are also a number of commands for sorting directly according to | |
3393 | some sorting criteria: | |
3394 | ||
3395 | @table @kbd | |
3396 | @item G S a | |
3397 | @kindex G S a (Group) | |
3398 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-alphabet | |
3399 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by group name | |
3400 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
3401 | ||
3402 | @item G S u | |
3403 | @kindex G S u (Group) | |
3404 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-unread | |
3405 | Sort the group buffer by the number of unread articles | |
3406 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-unread}). | |
3407 | ||
3408 | @item G S l | |
3409 | @kindex G S l (Group) | |
3410 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-level | |
3411 | Sort the group buffer by group level | |
3412 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-level}). | |
3413 | ||
3414 | @item G S v | |
3415 | @kindex G S v (Group) | |
3416 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score | |
3417 | Sort the group buffer by group score | |
3418 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3419 | ||
3420 | @item G S r | |
3421 | @kindex G S r (Group) | |
3422 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank | |
3423 | Sort the group buffer by group rank | |
3424 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3425 | ||
3426 | @item G S m | |
3427 | @kindex G S m (Group) | |
3428 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method | |
3429 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by back end name@* | |
3430 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method}). | |
3431 | ||
3432 | @item G S n | |
3433 | @kindex G S n (Group) | |
3434 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-real-name | |
3435 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by real (unprefixed) group name | |
3436 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-real-name}). | |
3437 | ||
3438 | @end table | |
3439 | ||
3440 | All the commands below obey the process/prefix convention | |
3441 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3442 | ||
3443 | When given a symbolic prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}), all these | |
3444 | commands will sort in reverse order. | |
3445 | ||
3446 | You can also sort a subset of the groups: | |
3447 | ||
3448 | @table @kbd | |
3449 | @item G P a | |
3450 | @kindex G P a (Group) | |
3451 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-alphabet | |
3452 | Sort the groups alphabetically by group name | |
3453 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
3454 | ||
3455 | @item G P u | |
3456 | @kindex G P u (Group) | |
3457 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-unread | |
3458 | Sort the groups by the number of unread articles | |
3459 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-unread}). | |
3460 | ||
3461 | @item G P l | |
3462 | @kindex G P l (Group) | |
3463 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-level | |
3464 | Sort the groups by group level | |
3465 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-level}). | |
3466 | ||
3467 | @item G P v | |
3468 | @kindex G P v (Group) | |
3469 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-score | |
3470 | Sort the groups by group score | |
3471 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3472 | ||
3473 | @item G P r | |
3474 | @kindex G P r (Group) | |
3475 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-rank | |
3476 | Sort the groups by group rank | |
3477 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
3478 | ||
3479 | @item G P m | |
3480 | @kindex G P m (Group) | |
3481 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method | |
3482 | Sort the groups alphabetically by back end name@* | |
3483 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method}). | |
3484 | ||
3485 | @item G P n | |
3486 | @kindex G P n (Group) | |
3487 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-real-name | |
3488 | Sort the groups alphabetically by real (unprefixed) group name | |
3489 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-real-name}). | |
3490 | ||
3491 | @item G P s | |
3492 | @kindex G P s (Group) | |
3493 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups | |
3494 | Sort the groups according to @code{gnus-group-sort-function}. | |
3495 | ||
3496 | @end table | |
3497 | ||
3498 | And finally, note that you can use @kbd{C-k} and @kbd{C-y} to manually | |
3499 | move groups around. | |
3500 | ||
3501 | ||
3502 | @node Group Maintenance | |
3503 | @section Group Maintenance | |
3504 | @cindex bogus groups | |
3505 | ||
3506 | @table @kbd | |
3507 | @item b | |
3508 | @kindex b (Group) | |
3509 | @findex gnus-group-check-bogus-groups | |
3510 | Find bogus groups and delete them | |
3511 | (@code{gnus-group-check-bogus-groups}). | |
3512 | ||
3513 | @item F | |
3514 | @kindex F (Group) | |
3515 | @findex gnus-group-find-new-groups | |
3516 | Find new groups and process them (@code{gnus-group-find-new-groups}). | |
3517 | With 1 @kbd{C-u}, use the @code{ask-server} method to query the server | |
3518 | for new groups. With 2 @kbd{C-u}'s, use most complete method possible | |
3519 | to query the server for new groups, and subscribe the new groups as | |
3520 | zombies. | |
3521 | ||
3522 | @item C-c C-x | |
3523 | @kindex C-c C-x (Group) | |
3524 | @findex gnus-group-expire-articles | |
3525 | @cindex expiring mail | |
3526 | Run all expirable articles in the current group through the expiry | |
3527 | process (if any) (@code{gnus-group-expire-articles}). That is, delete | |
3528 | all expirable articles in the group that have been around for a while. | |
3529 | (@pxref{Expiring Mail}). | |
3530 | ||
3531 | @item C-c C-M-x | |
3532 | @kindex C-c C-M-x (Group) | |
3533 | @findex gnus-group-expire-all-groups | |
3534 | @cindex expiring mail | |
3535 | Run all expirable articles in all groups through the expiry process | |
3536 | (@code{gnus-group-expire-all-groups}). | |
3537 | ||
3538 | @end table | |
3539 | ||
3540 | ||
3541 | @node Browse Foreign Server | |
3542 | @section Browse Foreign Server | |
3543 | @cindex foreign servers | |
3544 | @cindex browsing servers | |
3545 | ||
3546 | @table @kbd | |
3547 | @item B | |
3548 | @kindex B (Group) | |
3549 | @findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server | |
3550 | You will be queried for a select method and a server name. Gnus will | |
3551 | then attempt to contact this server and let you browse the groups there | |
3552 | (@code{gnus-group-browse-foreign-server}). | |
3553 | @end table | |
3554 | ||
3555 | @findex gnus-browse-mode | |
3556 | A new buffer with a list of available groups will appear. This buffer | |
3557 | will use the @code{gnus-browse-mode}. This buffer looks a bit (well, | |
3558 | a lot) like a normal group buffer. | |
3559 | ||
3560 | Here's a list of keystrokes available in the browse mode: | |
3561 | ||
3562 | @table @kbd | |
3563 | @item n | |
3564 | @kindex n (Browse) | |
3565 | @findex gnus-group-next-group | |
3566 | Go to the next group (@code{gnus-group-next-group}). | |
3567 | ||
3568 | @item p | |
3569 | @kindex p (Browse) | |
3570 | @findex gnus-group-prev-group | |
3571 | Go to the previous group (@code{gnus-group-prev-group}). | |
3572 | ||
3573 | @item SPACE | |
3574 | @kindex SPACE (Browse) | |
3575 | @findex gnus-browse-read-group | |
3576 | Enter the current group and display the first article | |
3577 | (@code{gnus-browse-read-group}). | |
3578 | ||
3579 | @item RET | |
3580 | @kindex RET (Browse) | |
3581 | @findex gnus-browse-select-group | |
3582 | Enter the current group (@code{gnus-browse-select-group}). | |
3583 | ||
3584 | @item u | |
3585 | @kindex u (Browse) | |
3586 | @findex gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group | |
3587 | Unsubscribe to the current group, or, as will be the case here, | |
3588 | subscribe to it (@code{gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group}). | |
3589 | ||
3590 | @item l | |
3591 | @itemx q | |
3592 | @kindex q (Browse) | |
3593 | @kindex l (Browse) | |
3594 | @findex gnus-browse-exit | |
3595 | Exit browse mode (@code{gnus-browse-exit}). | |
3596 | ||
3597 | @item d | |
3598 | @kindex d (Browse) | |
3599 | @findex gnus-browse-describe-group | |
3600 | Describe the current group (@code{gnus-browse-describe-group}). | |
3601 | ||
3602 | @item ? | |
3603 | @kindex ? (Browse) | |
3604 | @findex gnus-browse-describe-briefly | |
3605 | Describe browse mode briefly (well, there's not much to describe, is | |
3606 | there) (@code{gnus-browse-describe-briefly}). | |
3607 | @end table | |
3608 | ||
3609 | ||
3610 | @node Exiting Gnus | |
3611 | @section Exiting Gnus | |
3612 | @cindex exiting Gnus | |
3613 | ||
3614 | Yes, Gnus is ex(c)iting. | |
3615 | ||
3616 | @table @kbd | |
3617 | @item z | |
3618 | @kindex z (Group) | |
3619 | @findex gnus-group-suspend | |
3620 | Suspend Gnus (@code{gnus-group-suspend}). This doesn't really exit Gnus, | |
3621 | but it kills all buffers except the Group buffer. I'm not sure why this | |
3622 | is a gain, but then who am I to judge? | |
3623 | ||
3624 | @item q | |
3625 | @kindex q (Group) | |
3626 | @findex gnus-group-exit | |
3627 | @c @icon{gnus-group-exit} | |
3628 | Quit Gnus (@code{gnus-group-exit}). | |
3629 | ||
3630 | @item Q | |
3631 | @kindex Q (Group) | |
3632 | @findex gnus-group-quit | |
3633 | Quit Gnus without saving the @file{.newsrc} files (@code{gnus-group-quit}). | |
3634 | The dribble file will be saved, though (@pxref{Auto Save}). | |
3635 | @end table | |
3636 | ||
3637 | @vindex gnus-exit-gnus-hook | |
3638 | @vindex gnus-suspend-gnus-hook | |
3639 | @vindex gnus-after-exiting-gnus-hook | |
3640 | @code{gnus-suspend-gnus-hook} is called when you suspend Gnus and | |
3641 | @code{gnus-exit-gnus-hook} is called when you quit Gnus, while | |
3642 | @code{gnus-after-exiting-gnus-hook} is called as the final item when | |
3643 | exiting Gnus. | |
3644 | ||
3645 | Note: | |
3646 | ||
3647 | @quotation | |
3648 | Miss Lisa Cannifax, while sitting in English class, felt her feet go | |
3649 | numbly heavy and herself fall into a hazy trance as the boy sitting | |
3650 | behind her drew repeated lines with his pencil across the back of her | |
3651 | plastic chair. | |
3652 | @end quotation | |
3653 | ||
3654 | ||
3655 | @node Group Topics | |
3656 | @section Group Topics | |
3657 | @cindex topics | |
3658 | ||
3659 | If you read lots and lots of groups, it might be convenient to group | |
3660 | them hierarchically according to topics. You put your Emacs groups over | |
3661 | here, your sex groups over there, and the rest (what, two groups or so?) | |
3662 | you put in some misc section that you never bother with anyway. You can | |
3663 | even group the Emacs sex groups as a sub-topic to either the Emacs | |
3664 | groups or the sex groups---or both! Go wild! | |
3665 | ||
3666 | @iftex | |
3667 | @iflatex | |
3668 | \gnusfigure{Group Topics}{400}{ | |
3669 | \put(75,50){\epsfig{figure=ps/group-topic,height=9cm}} | |
3670 | } | |
3671 | @end iflatex | |
3672 | @end iftex | |
3673 | ||
3674 | Here's an example: | |
3675 | ||
3676 | @example | |
3677 | Gnus | |
3678 | Emacs -- I wuw it! | |
3679 | 3: comp.emacs | |
3680 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
3681 | Naughty Emacs | |
3682 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
3683 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
3684 | Misc | |
3685 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
3686 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
3687 | @end example | |
3688 | ||
3689 | @findex gnus-topic-mode | |
3690 | @kindex t (Group) | |
3691 | To get this @emph{fab} functionality you simply turn on (ooh!) the | |
3692 | @code{gnus-topic} minor mode---type @kbd{t} in the group buffer. (This | |
3693 | is a toggling command.) | |
3694 | ||
3695 | Go ahead, just try it. I'll still be here when you get back. La de | |
3696 | dum@dots{} Nice tune, that@dots{} la la la@dots{} What, you're back? | |
3697 | Yes, and now press @kbd{l}. There. All your groups are now listed | |
3698 | under @samp{misc}. Doesn't that make you feel all warm and fuzzy? | |
3699 | Hot and bothered? | |
3700 | ||
3701 | If you want this permanently enabled, you should add that minor mode to | |
3702 | the hook for the group mode. Put the following line in your | |
3703 | @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
3704 | ||
3705 | @lisp | |
3706 | (add-hook 'gnus-group-mode-hook 'gnus-topic-mode) | |
3707 | @end lisp | |
3708 | ||
3709 | @menu | |
3710 | * Topic Commands:: Interactive E-Z commands. | |
3711 | * Topic Variables:: How to customize the topics the Lisp Way. | |
3712 | * Topic Sorting:: Sorting each topic individually. | |
3713 | * Topic Topology:: A map of the world. | |
3714 | * Topic Parameters:: Parameters that apply to all groups in a topic. | |
3715 | @end menu | |
3716 | ||
3717 | ||
3718 | @node Topic Commands | |
3719 | @subsection Topic Commands | |
3720 | @cindex topic commands | |
3721 | ||
3722 | When the topic minor mode is turned on, a new @kbd{T} submap will be | |
3723 | available. In addition, a few of the standard keys change their | |
3724 | definitions slightly. | |
3725 | ||
3726 | In general, the following kinds of operations are possible on topics. | |
3727 | First of all, you want to create topics. Secondly, you want to put | |
3728 | groups in topics and to move them around until you have an order you | |
3729 | like. The third kind of operation is to show/hide parts of the whole | |
3730 | shebang. You might want to hide a topic including its subtopics and | |
3731 | groups, to get a better overview of the other groups. | |
3732 | ||
3733 | Here is a list of the basic keys that you might need to set up topics | |
3734 | the way you like. | |
3735 | ||
3736 | @table @kbd | |
3737 | ||
3738 | @item T n | |
3739 | @kindex T n (Topic) | |
3740 | @findex gnus-topic-create-topic | |
3741 | Prompt for a new topic name and create it | |
3742 | (@code{gnus-topic-create-topic}). | |
3743 | ||
3744 | @item T TAB | |
3745 | @itemx TAB | |
3746 | @kindex T TAB (Topic) | |
3747 | @kindex TAB (Topic) | |
3748 | @findex gnus-topic-indent | |
3749 | ``Indent'' the current topic so that it becomes a sub-topic of the | |
3750 | previous topic (@code{gnus-topic-indent}). If given a prefix, | |
3751 | ``un-indent'' the topic instead. | |
3752 | ||
3753 | @item M-TAB | |
3754 | @kindex M-TAB (Topic) | |
3755 | @findex gnus-topic-unindent | |
3756 | ``Un-indent'' the current topic so that it becomes a sub-topic of the | |
3757 | parent of its current parent (@code{gnus-topic-unindent}). | |
3758 | ||
3759 | @end table | |
3760 | ||
3761 | The following two keys can be used to move groups and topics around. | |
3762 | They work like the well-known cut and paste. @kbd{C-k} is like cut and | |
3763 | @kbd{C-y} is like paste. Of course, this being Emacs, we use the terms | |
3764 | kill and yank rather than cut and paste. | |
3765 | ||
3766 | @table @kbd | |
3767 | ||
3768 | @item C-k | |
3769 | @kindex C-k (Topic) | |
3770 | @findex gnus-topic-kill-group | |
3771 | Kill a group or topic (@code{gnus-topic-kill-group}). All groups in the | |
3772 | topic will be removed along with the topic. | |
3773 | ||
3774 | @item C-y | |
3775 | @kindex C-y (Topic) | |
3776 | @findex gnus-topic-yank-group | |
3777 | Yank the previously killed group or topic | |
3778 | (@code{gnus-topic-yank-group}). Note that all topics will be yanked | |
3779 | before all groups. | |
3780 | ||
3781 | So, to move a topic to the beginning of the list of topics, just hit | |
3782 | @kbd{C-k} on it. This is like the ``cut'' part of cut and paste. Then, | |
3783 | move the cursor to the beginning of the buffer (just below the ``Gnus'' | |
3784 | topic) and hit @kbd{C-y}. This is like the ``paste'' part of cut and | |
3785 | paste. Like I said -- E-Z. | |
3786 | ||
3787 | You can use @kbd{C-k} and @kbd{C-y} on groups as well as on topics. So | |
3788 | you can move topics around as well as groups. | |
3789 | ||
3790 | @end table | |
3791 | ||
3792 | After setting up the topics the way you like them, you might wish to | |
3793 | hide a topic, or to show it again. That's why we have the following | |
3794 | key. | |
3795 | ||
3796 | @table @kbd | |
3797 | ||
3798 | @item RET | |
3799 | @kindex RET (Topic) | |
3800 | @findex gnus-topic-select-group | |
3801 | @itemx SPACE | |
3802 | Either select a group or fold a topic (@code{gnus-topic-select-group}). | |
3803 | When you perform this command on a group, you'll enter the group, as | |
3804 | usual. When done on a topic line, the topic will be folded (if it was | |
3805 | visible) or unfolded (if it was folded already). So it's basically a | |
3806 | toggling command on topics. In addition, if you give a numerical | |
3807 | prefix, group on that level (and lower) will be displayed. | |
3808 | ||
3809 | @end table | |
3810 | ||
3811 | Now for a list of other commands, in no particular order. | |
3812 | ||
3813 | @table @kbd | |
3814 | ||
3815 | @item T m | |
3816 | @kindex T m (Topic) | |
3817 | @findex gnus-topic-move-group | |
3818 | Move the current group to some other topic | |
3819 | (@code{gnus-topic-move-group}). This command uses the process/prefix | |
3820 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3821 | ||
3822 | @item T j | |
3823 | @kindex T j (Topic) | |
3824 | @findex gnus-topic-jump-to-topic | |
3825 | Go to a topic (@code{gnus-topic-jump-to-topic}). | |
3826 | ||
3827 | @item T c | |
3828 | @kindex T c (Topic) | |
3829 | @findex gnus-topic-copy-group | |
3830 | Copy the current group to some other topic | |
3831 | (@code{gnus-topic-copy-group}). This command uses the process/prefix | |
3832 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3833 | ||
3834 | @item T h | |
3835 | @kindex T h (Topic) | |
3836 | @findex gnus-topic-hide-topic | |
3837 | Hide the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-hide-topic}). If given | |
3838 | a prefix, hide the topic permanently. | |
3839 | ||
3840 | @item T s | |
3841 | @kindex T s (Topic) | |
3842 | @findex gnus-topic-show-topic | |
3843 | Show the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-show-topic}). If given | |
3844 | a prefix, show the topic permanently. | |
3845 | ||
3846 | @item T D | |
3847 | @kindex T D (Topic) | |
3848 | @findex gnus-topic-remove-group | |
3849 | Remove a group from the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-remove-group}). | |
3850 | This command is mainly useful if you have the same group in several | |
3851 | topics and wish to remove it from one of the topics. You may also | |
3852 | remove a group from all topics, but in that case, Gnus will add it to | |
3853 | the root topic the next time you start Gnus. In fact, all new groups | |
3854 | (which, naturally, don't belong to any topic) will show up in the root | |
3855 | topic. | |
3856 | ||
3857 | This command uses the process/prefix convention | |
3858 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
3859 | ||
3860 | @item T M | |
3861 | @kindex T M (Topic) | |
3862 | @findex gnus-topic-move-matching | |
3863 | Move all groups that match some regular expression to a topic | |
3864 | (@code{gnus-topic-move-matching}). | |
3865 | ||
3866 | @item T C | |
3867 | @kindex T C (Topic) | |
3868 | @findex gnus-topic-copy-matching | |
3869 | Copy all groups that match some regular expression to a topic | |
3870 | (@code{gnus-topic-copy-matching}). | |
3871 | ||
3872 | @item T H | |
3873 | @kindex T H (Topic) | |
3874 | @findex gnus-topic-toggle-display-empty-topics | |
3875 | Toggle hiding empty topics | |
3876 | (@code{gnus-topic-toggle-display-empty-topics}). | |
3877 | ||
3878 | @item T # | |
3879 | @kindex T # (Topic) | |
3880 | @findex gnus-topic-mark-topic | |
3881 | Mark all groups in the current topic with the process mark | |
3882 | (@code{gnus-topic-mark-topic}). This command works recursively on | |
3883 | sub-topics unless given a prefix. | |
3884 | ||
3885 | @item T M-# | |
3886 | @kindex T M-# (Topic) | |
3887 | @findex gnus-topic-unmark-topic | |
3888 | Remove the process mark from all groups in the current topic | |
3889 | (@code{gnus-topic-unmark-topic}). This command works recursively on | |
3890 | sub-topics unless given a prefix. | |
3891 | ||
3892 | @item C-c C-x | |
3893 | @kindex C-c C-x (Topic) | |
3894 | @findex gnus-topic-expire-articles | |
3895 | @cindex expiring mail | |
3896 | Run all expirable articles in the current group or topic through the | |
3897 | expiry process (if any) | |
3898 | (@code{gnus-topic-expire-articles}). (@pxref{Expiring Mail}). | |
3899 | ||
3900 | @item T r | |
3901 | @kindex T r (Topic) | |
3902 | @findex gnus-topic-rename | |
3903 | Rename a topic (@code{gnus-topic-rename}). | |
3904 | ||
3905 | @item T DEL | |
3906 | @kindex T DEL (Topic) | |
3907 | @findex gnus-topic-delete | |
3908 | Delete an empty topic (@code{gnus-topic-delete}). | |
3909 | ||
3910 | @item A T | |
3911 | @kindex A T (Topic) | |
3912 | @findex gnus-topic-list-active | |
3913 | List all groups that Gnus knows about in a topics-ified way | |
3914 | (@code{gnus-topic-list-active}). | |
3915 | ||
3916 | @item T M-n | |
3917 | @kindex T M-n (Topic) | |
3918 | @findex gnus-topic-goto-next-topic | |
3919 | Go to the next topic (@code{gnus-topic-goto-next-topic}). | |
3920 | ||
3921 | @item T M-p | |
3922 | @kindex T M-p (Topic) | |
3923 | @findex gnus-topic-goto-previous-topic | |
01c52d31 | 3924 | Go to the previous topic (@code{gnus-topic-goto-previous-topic}). |
4009494e GM |
3925 | |
3926 | @item G p | |
3927 | @kindex G p (Topic) | |
3928 | @findex gnus-topic-edit-parameters | |
3929 | @cindex group parameters | |
3930 | @cindex topic parameters | |
3931 | @cindex parameters | |
3932 | Edit the topic parameters (@code{gnus-topic-edit-parameters}). | |
3933 | @xref{Topic Parameters}. | |
3934 | ||
3935 | @end table | |
3936 | ||
3937 | ||
3938 | @node Topic Variables | |
3939 | @subsection Topic Variables | |
3940 | @cindex topic variables | |
3941 | ||
3942 | The previous section told you how to tell Gnus which topics to display. | |
3943 | This section explains how to tell Gnus what to display about each topic. | |
3944 | ||
3945 | @vindex gnus-topic-line-format | |
3946 | The topic lines themselves are created according to the | |
3947 | @code{gnus-topic-line-format} variable (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). | |
3948 | Valid elements are: | |
3949 | ||
3950 | @table @samp | |
3951 | @item i | |
3952 | Indentation. | |
3953 | @item n | |
3954 | Topic name. | |
3955 | @item v | |
3956 | Visibility. | |
3957 | @item l | |
3958 | Level. | |
3959 | @item g | |
3960 | Number of groups in the topic. | |
3961 | @item a | |
3962 | Number of unread articles in the topic. | |
3963 | @item A | |
3964 | Number of unread articles in the topic and all its subtopics. | |
3965 | @end table | |
3966 | ||
3967 | @vindex gnus-topic-indent-level | |
3968 | Each sub-topic (and the groups in the sub-topics) will be indented with | |
3969 | @code{gnus-topic-indent-level} times the topic level number of spaces. | |
3970 | The default is 2. | |
3971 | ||
3972 | @vindex gnus-topic-mode-hook | |
3973 | @code{gnus-topic-mode-hook} is called in topic minor mode buffers. | |
3974 | ||
3975 | @vindex gnus-topic-display-empty-topics | |
3976 | The @code{gnus-topic-display-empty-topics} says whether to display even | |
3977 | topics that have no unread articles in them. The default is @code{t}. | |
3978 | ||
3979 | ||
3980 | @node Topic Sorting | |
3981 | @subsection Topic Sorting | |
3982 | @cindex topic sorting | |
3983 | ||
3984 | You can sort the groups in each topic individually with the following | |
3985 | commands: | |
3986 | ||
3987 | ||
3988 | @table @kbd | |
3989 | @item T S a | |
3990 | @kindex T S a (Topic) | |
3991 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-alphabet | |
3992 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by group name | |
3993 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-alphabet}). | |
3994 | ||
3995 | @item T S u | |
3996 | @kindex T S u (Topic) | |
3997 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-unread | |
3998 | Sort the current topic by the number of unread articles | |
3999 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-unread}). | |
4000 | ||
4001 | @item T S l | |
4002 | @kindex T S l (Topic) | |
4003 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-level | |
4004 | Sort the current topic by group level | |
4005 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-level}). | |
4006 | ||
4007 | @item T S v | |
4008 | @kindex T S v (Topic) | |
4009 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-score | |
4010 | Sort the current topic by group score | |
4011 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
4012 | ||
4013 | @item T S r | |
4014 | @kindex T S r (Topic) | |
4015 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-rank | |
4016 | Sort the current topic by group rank | |
4017 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. | |
4018 | ||
4019 | @item T S m | |
4020 | @kindex T S m (Topic) | |
4021 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-method | |
4022 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by back end name | |
4023 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-method}). | |
4024 | ||
4025 | @item T S e | |
4026 | @kindex T S e (Topic) | |
4027 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-server | |
4028 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by server name | |
4029 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-server}). | |
4030 | ||
4031 | @item T S s | |
4032 | @kindex T S s (Topic) | |
4033 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups | |
4034 | Sort the current topic according to the function(s) given by the | |
4035 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} variable | |
4036 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups}). | |
4037 | ||
4038 | @end table | |
4039 | ||
4040 | When given a prefix argument, all these commands will sort in reverse | |
4041 | order. @xref{Sorting Groups}, for more information about group | |
4042 | sorting. | |
4043 | ||
4044 | ||
4045 | @node Topic Topology | |
4046 | @subsection Topic Topology | |
4047 | @cindex topic topology | |
4048 | @cindex topology | |
4049 | ||
4050 | So, let's have a look at an example group buffer: | |
4051 | ||
4052 | @example | |
4053 | @group | |
4054 | Gnus | |
4055 | Emacs -- I wuw it! | |
4056 | 3: comp.emacs | |
4057 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
4058 | Naughty Emacs | |
4059 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
4060 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
4061 | Misc | |
4062 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
4063 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
4064 | @end group | |
4065 | @end example | |
4066 | ||
4067 | So, here we have one top-level topic (@samp{Gnus}), two topics under | |
4068 | that, and one sub-topic under one of the sub-topics. (There is always | |
4069 | just one (1) top-level topic). This topology can be expressed as | |
4070 | follows: | |
4071 | ||
4072 | @lisp | |
4073 | (("Gnus" visible) | |
4074 | (("Emacs -- I wuw it!" visible) | |
4075 | (("Naughty Emacs" visible))) | |
4076 | (("Misc" visible))) | |
4077 | @end lisp | |
4078 | ||
4079 | @vindex gnus-topic-topology | |
4080 | This is in fact how the variable @code{gnus-topic-topology} would look | |
4081 | for the display above. That variable is saved in the @file{.newsrc.eld} | |
4082 | file, and shouldn't be messed with manually---unless you really want | |
4083 | to. Since this variable is read from the @file{.newsrc.eld} file, | |
4084 | setting it in any other startup files will have no effect. | |
4085 | ||
4086 | This topology shows what topics are sub-topics of what topics (right), | |
4087 | and which topics are visible. Two settings are currently | |
4088 | allowed---@code{visible} and @code{invisible}. | |
4089 | ||
4090 | ||
4091 | @node Topic Parameters | |
4092 | @subsection Topic Parameters | |
4093 | @cindex topic parameters | |
4094 | ||
4095 | All groups in a topic will inherit group parameters from the parent | |
4096 | (and ancestor) topic parameters. All valid group parameters are valid | |
4097 | topic parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}). When the agent is | |
4098 | enabled, all agent parameters (See Agent Parameters in @ref{Category | |
4099 | Syntax}) are also valid topic parameters. | |
4100 | ||
4101 | In addition, the following parameters are only valid as topic | |
4102 | parameters: | |
4103 | ||
4104 | @table @code | |
4105 | @item subscribe | |
4106 | When subscribing new groups by topic (@pxref{Subscription Methods}), the | |
4107 | @code{subscribe} topic parameter says what groups go in what topic. Its | |
4108 | value should be a regexp to match the groups that should go in that | |
4109 | topic. | |
4110 | ||
4111 | @item subscribe-level | |
4112 | When subscribing new groups by topic (see the @code{subscribe} parameter), | |
4113 | the group will be subscribed with the level specified in the | |
4114 | @code{subscribe-level} instead of @code{gnus-level-default-subscribed}. | |
4115 | ||
4116 | @end table | |
4117 | ||
4118 | Group parameters (of course) override topic parameters, and topic | |
4119 | parameters in sub-topics override topic parameters in super-topics. You | |
4120 | know. Normal inheritance rules. (@dfn{Rules} is here a noun, not a | |
4121 | verb, although you may feel free to disagree with me here.) | |
4122 | ||
4123 | @example | |
4124 | @group | |
4125 | Gnus | |
4126 | Emacs | |
4127 | 3: comp.emacs | |
4128 | 2: alt.religion.emacs | |
4129 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
4130 | Relief | |
4131 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
4132 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery | |
4133 | Misc | |
4134 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals | |
4135 | 13: comp.sources.unix | |
4136 | 452: alt.sex.emacs | |
4137 | @end group | |
4138 | @end example | |
4139 | ||
4140 | The @samp{Emacs} topic has the topic parameter @code{(score-file | |
4141 | . "emacs.SCORE")}; the @samp{Relief} topic has the topic parameter | |
4142 | @code{(score-file . "relief.SCORE")}; and the @samp{Misc} topic has the | |
4143 | topic parameter @code{(score-file . "emacs.SCORE")}. In addition, | |
4144 | @* @samp{alt.religion.emacs} has the group parameter @code{(score-file | |
4145 | . "religion.SCORE")}. | |
4146 | ||
4147 | Now, when you enter @samp{alt.sex.emacs} in the @samp{Relief} topic, you | |
4148 | will get the @file{relief.SCORE} home score file. If you enter the same | |
4149 | group in the @samp{Emacs} topic, you'll get the @file{emacs.SCORE} home | |
4150 | score file. If you enter the group @samp{alt.religion.emacs}, you'll | |
4151 | get the @file{religion.SCORE} home score file. | |
4152 | ||
4153 | This seems rather simple and self-evident, doesn't it? Well, yes. But | |
4154 | there are some problems, especially with the @code{total-expiry} | |
4155 | parameter. Say you have a mail group in two topics; one with | |
4156 | @code{total-expiry} and one without. What happens when you do @kbd{M-x | |
4157 | gnus-expire-all-expirable-groups}? Gnus has no way of telling which one | |
4158 | of these topics you mean to expire articles from, so anything may | |
4159 | happen. In fact, I hereby declare that it is @dfn{undefined} what | |
4160 | happens. You just have to be careful if you do stuff like that. | |
4161 | ||
4162 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
4163 | @node Non-ASCII Group Names |
4164 | @section Accessing groups of non-English names | |
4165 | @cindex non-ascii group names | |
4166 | ||
4167 | There are some news servers that provide groups of which the names are | |
4168 | expressed with their native languages in the world. For instance, in a | |
4169 | certain news server there are some newsgroups of which the names are | |
4170 | spelled in Chinese, where people are talking in Chinese. You can, of | |
4171 | course, subscribe to such news groups using Gnus. Currently Gnus | |
4172 | supports non-@acronym{ASCII} group names not only with the @code{nntp} | |
4173 | back end but also with the @code{nnml} back end and the @code{nnrss} | |
4174 | back end. | |
4175 | ||
4176 | Every such group name is encoded by a certain charset in the server | |
4177 | side (in an @acronym{NNTP} server its administrator determines the | |
4178 | charset, but for groups in the other back ends it is determined by you). | |
4179 | Gnus has to display the decoded ones for you in the group buffer and the | |
4180 | article buffer, and needs to use the encoded ones when communicating | |
4181 | with servers. However, Gnus doesn't know what charset is used for each | |
4182 | non-@acronym{ASCII} group name. The following two variables are just | |
4183 | the ones for telling Gnus what charset should be used for each group: | |
4184 | ||
4185 | @table @code | |
4186 | @item gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist | |
4187 | @vindex gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist | |
4188 | An alist of select methods and charsets. The default value is | |
4189 | @code{nil}. The names of groups in the server specified by that select | |
4190 | method are all supposed to use the corresponding charset. For example: | |
4191 | ||
4192 | @lisp | |
4193 | (setq gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist | |
4194 | '(((nntp "news.com.cn") . cn-gb-2312))) | |
4195 | @end lisp | |
4196 | ||
4197 | Charsets specified for groups with this variable are preferred to the | |
4198 | ones specified for the same groups with the | |
4199 | @code{gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist} variable (see below). | |
4200 | ||
4201 | A select method can be very long, like: | |
4202 | ||
4203 | @lisp | |
4204 | (nntp "gmane" | |
4205 | (nntp-address "news.gmane.org") | |
4206 | (nntp-end-of-line "\n") | |
4207 | (nntp-open-connection-function | |
4208 | nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet) | |
4209 | (nntp-via-rlogin-command "ssh") | |
4210 | (nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches | |
4211 | ("-C" "-t" "-e" "none")) | |
4212 | (nntp-via-address @dots{})) | |
4213 | @end lisp | |
4214 | ||
4215 | In that case, you can truncate it into @code{(nntp "gmane")} in this | |
4216 | variable. That is, it is enough to contain only the back end name and | |
4217 | the server name. | |
4218 | ||
4219 | @item gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
4220 | @cindex UTF-8 group names | |
4221 | @vindex gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
4222 | An alist of regexp of group name and the charset for group names. | |
4223 | @code{((".*" . utf-8))} is the default value if UTF-8 is supported, | |
4224 | otherwise the default is @code{nil}. For example: | |
4225 | ||
4226 | @lisp | |
4227 | (setq gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist | |
4228 | '(("\\.com\\.cn:" . cn-gb-2312) | |
4229 | (".*" . utf-8))) | |
4230 | @end lisp | |
4231 | ||
4232 | Note that this variable is ignored if the match is made with | |
4233 | @code{gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist}. | |
4234 | @end table | |
4235 | ||
4236 | Those two variables are used also to determine the charset for encoding | |
4237 | and decoding non-@acronym{ASCII} group names that are in the back ends | |
4238 | other than @code{nntp}. It means that it is you who determine it. If | |
4239 | you do nothing, the charset used for group names in those back ends will | |
4240 | all be @code{utf-8} because of the last element of | |
4241 | @code{gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist}. | |
4242 | ||
4243 | There is one more important variable for non-@acronym{ASCII} group | |
4244 | names. @emph{XEmacs users must set this}. Emacs users necessarily need | |
4245 | not do: | |
4246 | ||
4247 | @table @code | |
4248 | @item nnmail-pathname-coding-system | |
4249 | The value of this variable should be a coding system or @code{nil} | |
4250 | (which is the default). The @code{nnml} back end, the @code{nnrss} back | |
4251 | end, the @acronym{NNTP} marks feature (@pxref{NNTP marks}), the agent, | |
4252 | and the cache use non-@acronym{ASCII} group names in those files and | |
4253 | directories. This variable overrides the value of | |
4254 | @code{file-name-coding-system} which specifies the coding system used | |
4255 | when encoding and decoding those file names and directory names. | |
4256 | ||
4257 | In XEmacs (with the @code{mule} feature), @code{file-name-coding-system} | |
4258 | is the only means to specify the coding system used to encode and decode | |
4259 | file names. Therefore, @emph{you, XEmacs users, have to set it} to the | |
4260 | coding system that is suitable to encode and decode non-@acronym{ASCII} | |
4261 | group names. On the other hand, Emacs uses the value of | |
4262 | @code{default-file-name-coding-system} if @code{file-name-coding-system} | |
4263 | is @code{nil}. Normally the value of | |
4264 | @code{default-file-name-coding-system} is initialized according to the | |
4265 | locale, so you will need to do nothing if the value is suitable to | |
4266 | encode and decode non-@acronym{ASCII} group names. | |
4267 | ||
4268 | The value of this variable (or @code{default-file-name-coding-system}) | |
4269 | does not necessarily need to be the same value that is determined by | |
4270 | @code{gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist} and | |
4271 | @code{gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist}. | |
4272 | ||
4273 | If you want to subscribe to the groups spelled in Chinese but | |
4274 | @code{default-file-name-coding-system} is initialized by default to | |
4275 | @code{iso-latin-1} for example, that is the most typical case where you | |
4276 | have to set @code{nnmail-pathname-coding-system} even if you are an | |
4277 | Emacs user. The @code{utf-8} coding system is a good candidate for it. | |
4278 | Otherwise, you may change the locale in your system so that | |
4279 | @code{default-file-name-coding-system} may be initialized to an | |
4280 | appropriate value, instead of specifying this variable. | |
4281 | @end table | |
4282 | ||
4283 | Note that when you copy or move articles from a non-@acronym{ASCII} | |
4284 | group to another group, the charset used to encode and decode group | |
4285 | names should be the same in both groups. Otherwise the Newsgroups | |
4286 | header will be displayed incorrectly in the article buffer. | |
4287 | ||
4288 | ||
4009494e GM |
4289 | @node Misc Group Stuff |
4290 | @section Misc Group Stuff | |
4291 | ||
4292 | @menu | |
4293 | * Scanning New Messages:: Asking Gnus to see whether new messages have arrived. | |
4294 | * Group Information:: Information and help on groups and Gnus. | |
4295 | * Group Timestamp:: Making Gnus keep track of when you last read a group. | |
4296 | * File Commands:: Reading and writing the Gnus files. | |
4297 | * Sieve Commands:: Managing Sieve scripts. | |
4298 | @end menu | |
4299 | ||
4300 | @table @kbd | |
4301 | ||
4302 | @item v | |
4303 | @kindex v (Group) | |
4304 | @cindex keys, reserved for users (Group) | |
4305 | The key @kbd{v} is reserved for users. You can bind it to some | |
4306 | command or better use it as a prefix key. For example: | |
4307 | ||
4308 | @lisp | |
4309 | (define-key gnus-group-mode-map (kbd "v j d") | |
4310 | (lambda () | |
4311 | (interactive) | |
4312 | (gnus-group-jump-to-group "nndraft:drafts"))) | |
4313 | @end lisp | |
4314 | ||
4315 | On keys reserved for users in Emacs and on keybindings in general | |
4316 | @xref{Keymaps, Keymaps, , emacs, The Emacs Editor}. | |
4317 | ||
4318 | @item ^ | |
4319 | @kindex ^ (Group) | |
4320 | @findex gnus-group-enter-server-mode | |
4321 | Enter the server buffer (@code{gnus-group-enter-server-mode}). | |
4322 | @xref{Server Buffer}. | |
4323 | ||
4324 | @item a | |
4325 | @kindex a (Group) | |
4326 | @findex gnus-group-post-news | |
4327 | Start composing a message (a news by default) | |
4328 | (@code{gnus-group-post-news}). If given a prefix, post to the group | |
4329 | under the point. If the prefix is 1, prompt for a group to post to. | |
4330 | Contrary to what the name of this function suggests, the prepared | |
4331 | article might be a mail instead of a news, if a mail group is specified | |
4332 | with the prefix argument. @xref{Composing Messages}. | |
4333 | ||
4334 | @item m | |
4335 | @kindex m (Group) | |
4336 | @findex gnus-group-mail | |
4337 | Mail a message somewhere (@code{gnus-group-mail}). If given a prefix, | |
4338 | use the posting style of the group under the point. If the prefix is 1, | |
4339 | prompt for a group name to find the posting style. | |
4340 | @xref{Composing Messages}. | |
4341 | ||
4342 | @item i | |
4343 | @kindex i (Group) | |
4344 | @findex gnus-group-news | |
4345 | Start composing a news (@code{gnus-group-news}). If given a prefix, | |
4346 | post to the group under the point. If the prefix is 1, prompt | |
4347 | for group to post to. @xref{Composing Messages}. | |
4348 | ||
4349 | This function actually prepares a news even when using mail groups. | |
4350 | This is useful for ``posting'' messages to mail groups without actually | |
4351 | sending them over the network: they're just saved directly to the group | |
4352 | in question. The corresponding back end must have a request-post method | |
4353 | for this to work though. | |
4354 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
4355 | @item G z |
4356 | @kindex G z (Group) | |
4357 | @findex gnus-group-compact-group | |
4358 | ||
4359 | Compact the group under point (@code{gnus-group-compact-group}). | |
4360 | Currently implemented only in nnml (@pxref{Mail Spool}). This removes | |
4361 | gaps between article numbers, hence getting a correct total article | |
4362 | count. | |
4363 | ||
4009494e GM |
4364 | @end table |
4365 | ||
4366 | Variables for the group buffer: | |
4367 | ||
4368 | @table @code | |
4369 | ||
4370 | @item gnus-group-mode-hook | |
4371 | @vindex gnus-group-mode-hook | |
4372 | is called after the group buffer has been | |
4373 | created. | |
4374 | ||
4375 | @item gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
4376 | @vindex gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
4377 | is called after the group buffer is | |
4378 | generated. It may be used to modify the buffer in some strange, | |
4379 | unnatural way. | |
4380 | ||
4381 | @item gnus-group-prepared-hook | |
4382 | @vindex gnus-group-prepare-hook | |
4383 | is called as the very last thing after the group buffer has been | |
4384 | generated. It may be used to move point around, for instance. | |
4385 | ||
4386 | @item gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
4387 | @vindex gnus-permanently-visible-groups | |
4388 | Groups matching this regexp will always be listed in the group buffer, | |
4389 | whether they are empty or not. | |
4390 | ||
4009494e GM |
4391 | @end table |
4392 | ||
4393 | @node Scanning New Messages | |
4394 | @subsection Scanning New Messages | |
4395 | @cindex new messages | |
4396 | @cindex scanning new news | |
4397 | ||
4398 | @table @kbd | |
4399 | ||
4400 | @item g | |
4401 | @kindex g (Group) | |
4402 | @findex gnus-group-get-new-news | |
4403 | @c @icon{gnus-group-get-new-news} | |
4404 | Check the server(s) for new articles. If the numerical prefix is used, | |
4405 | this command will check only groups of level @var{arg} and lower | |
4406 | (@code{gnus-group-get-new-news}). If given a non-numerical prefix, this | |
4407 | command will force a total re-reading of the active file(s) from the | |
4408 | back end(s). | |
4409 | ||
4410 | @item M-g | |
4411 | @kindex M-g (Group) | |
4412 | @findex gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group | |
4413 | @vindex gnus-goto-next-group-when-activating | |
4414 | @c @icon{gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group} | |
4415 | Check whether new articles have arrived in the current group | |
4416 | (@code{gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group}). | |
4417 | @code{gnus-goto-next-group-when-activating} says whether this command is | |
4418 | to move point to the next group or not. It is @code{t} by default. | |
4419 | ||
4420 | @findex gnus-activate-all-groups | |
4421 | @cindex activating groups | |
4422 | @item C-c M-g | |
4423 | @kindex C-c M-g (Group) | |
4424 | Activate absolutely all groups (@code{gnus-activate-all-groups}). | |
4425 | ||
4426 | @item R | |
4427 | @kindex R (Group) | |
4428 | @cindex restarting | |
4429 | @findex gnus-group-restart | |
4430 | Restart Gnus (@code{gnus-group-restart}). This saves the @file{.newsrc} | |
4431 | file(s), closes the connection to all servers, clears up all run-time | |
4432 | Gnus variables, and then starts Gnus all over again. | |
4433 | ||
4434 | @end table | |
4435 | ||
4436 | @vindex gnus-get-new-news-hook | |
4437 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook} is run just before checking for new news. | |
4438 | ||
4439 | @vindex gnus-after-getting-new-news-hook | |
4440 | @code{gnus-after-getting-new-news-hook} is run after checking for new | |
4441 | news. | |
4442 | ||
4443 | ||
4444 | @node Group Information | |
4445 | @subsection Group Information | |
4446 | @cindex group information | |
4447 | @cindex information on groups | |
4448 | ||
4449 | @table @kbd | |
4450 | ||
4451 | ||
4452 | @item H f | |
4453 | @kindex H f (Group) | |
4454 | @findex gnus-group-fetch-faq | |
4455 | @vindex gnus-group-faq-directory | |
4456 | @cindex FAQ | |
4457 | @cindex ange-ftp | |
4458 | Try to fetch the @acronym{FAQ} for the current group | |
4459 | (@code{gnus-group-fetch-faq}). Gnus will try to get the @acronym{FAQ} | |
4460 | from @code{gnus-group-faq-directory}, which is usually a directory on | |
4461 | a remote machine. This variable can also be a list of directories. | |
4462 | In that case, giving a prefix to this command will allow you to choose | |
4463 | between the various sites. @code{ange-ftp} (or @code{efs}) will be | |
4464 | used for fetching the file. | |
4465 | ||
4466 | If fetching from the first site is unsuccessful, Gnus will attempt to go | |
4467 | through @code{gnus-group-faq-directory} and try to open them one by one. | |
4468 | ||
4469 | @item H c | |
4470 | @kindex H c (Group) | |
4471 | @findex gnus-group-fetch-charter | |
4472 | @vindex gnus-group-charter-alist | |
4473 | @cindex charter | |
4474 | Try to open the charter for the current group in a web browser | |
4475 | (@code{gnus-group-fetch-charter}). Query for a group if given a | |
4476 | prefix argument. | |
4477 | ||
4478 | Gnus will use @code{gnus-group-charter-alist} to find the location of | |
4479 | the charter. If no location is known, Gnus will fetch the control | |
4480 | messages for the group, which in some cases includes the charter. | |
4481 | ||
4482 | @item H C | |
4483 | @kindex H C (Group) | |
4484 | @findex gnus-group-fetch-control | |
4485 | @vindex gnus-group-fetch-control-use-browse-url | |
4486 | @cindex control message | |
4487 | Fetch the control messages for the group from the archive at | |
4488 | @code{ftp.isc.org} (@code{gnus-group-fetch-control}). Query for a | |
4489 | group if given a prefix argument. | |
4490 | ||
4491 | If @code{gnus-group-fetch-control-use-browse-url} is non-@code{nil}, | |
4492 | Gnus will open the control messages in a browser using | |
4493 | @code{browse-url}. Otherwise they are fetched using @code{ange-ftp} | |
4494 | and displayed in an ephemeral group. | |
4495 | ||
4496 | Note that the control messages are compressed. To use this command | |
4497 | you need to turn on @code{auto-compression-mode} (@pxref{Compressed | |
4498 | Files, ,Compressed Files, emacs, The Emacs Manual}). | |
4499 | ||
4500 | @item H d | |
4501 | @itemx C-c C-d | |
4502 | @c @icon{gnus-group-describe-group} | |
4503 | @kindex H d (Group) | |
4504 | @kindex C-c C-d (Group) | |
4505 | @cindex describing groups | |
4506 | @cindex group description | |
4507 | @findex gnus-group-describe-group | |
4508 | Describe the current group (@code{gnus-group-describe-group}). If given | |
4509 | a prefix, force Gnus to re-read the description from the server. | |
4510 | ||
4511 | @item M-d | |
4512 | @kindex M-d (Group) | |
4513 | @findex gnus-group-describe-all-groups | |
4514 | Describe all groups (@code{gnus-group-describe-all-groups}). If given a | |
4515 | prefix, force Gnus to re-read the description file from the server. | |
4516 | ||
4517 | @item H v | |
4518 | @itemx V | |
4519 | @kindex V (Group) | |
4520 | @kindex H v (Group) | |
4521 | @cindex version | |
4522 | @findex gnus-version | |
4523 | Display current Gnus version numbers (@code{gnus-version}). | |
4524 | ||
4525 | @item ? | |
4526 | @kindex ? (Group) | |
4527 | @findex gnus-group-describe-briefly | |
4528 | Give a very short help message (@code{gnus-group-describe-briefly}). | |
4529 | ||
4530 | @item C-c C-i | |
4531 | @kindex C-c C-i (Group) | |
4532 | @cindex info | |
4533 | @cindex manual | |
4534 | @findex gnus-info-find-node | |
4535 | Go to the Gnus info node (@code{gnus-info-find-node}). | |
4536 | @end table | |
4537 | ||
4538 | ||
4539 | @node Group Timestamp | |
4540 | @subsection Group Timestamp | |
4541 | @cindex timestamps | |
4542 | @cindex group timestamps | |
4543 | ||
4544 | It can be convenient to let Gnus keep track of when you last read a | |
4545 | group. To set the ball rolling, you should add | |
4546 | @code{gnus-group-set-timestamp} to @code{gnus-select-group-hook}: | |
4547 | ||
4548 | @lisp | |
4549 | (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook 'gnus-group-set-timestamp) | |
4550 | @end lisp | |
4551 | ||
4552 | After doing this, each time you enter a group, it'll be recorded. | |
4553 | ||
4554 | This information can be displayed in various ways---the easiest is to | |
4555 | use the @samp{%d} spec in the group line format: | |
4556 | ||
4557 | @lisp | |
4558 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
4559 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %d\n") | |
4560 | @end lisp | |
4561 | ||
4562 | This will result in lines looking like: | |
4563 | ||
4564 | @example | |
4565 | * 0: mail.ding 19961002T012943 | |
4566 | 0: custom 19961002T012713 | |
4567 | @end example | |
4568 | ||
4569 | As you can see, the date is displayed in compact ISO 8601 format. This | |
4570 | may be a bit too much, so to just display the date, you could say | |
4571 | something like: | |
4572 | ||
4573 | @lisp | |
4574 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
4575 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %6,6~(cut 2)d\n") | |
4576 | @end lisp | |
4577 | ||
4578 | If you would like greater control of the time format, you can use a | |
4579 | user-defined format spec. Something like the following should do the | |
4580 | trick: | |
4581 | ||
4582 | @lisp | |
4583 | (setq gnus-group-line-format | |
4584 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %ud\n") | |
4585 | (defun gnus-user-format-function-d (headers) | |
4586 | (let ((time (gnus-group-timestamp gnus-tmp-group))) | |
4587 | (if time | |
4588 | (format-time-string "%b %d %H:%M" time) | |
4589 | ""))) | |
4590 | @end lisp | |
4591 | ||
4592 | ||
4593 | @node File Commands | |
4594 | @subsection File Commands | |
4595 | @cindex file commands | |
4596 | ||
4597 | @table @kbd | |
4598 | ||
4599 | @item r | |
4600 | @kindex r (Group) | |
4601 | @findex gnus-group-read-init-file | |
4602 | @vindex gnus-init-file | |
4603 | @cindex reading init file | |
4604 | Re-read the init file (@code{gnus-init-file}, which defaults to | |
4605 | @file{~/.gnus.el}) (@code{gnus-group-read-init-file}). | |
4606 | ||
4607 | @item s | |
4608 | @kindex s (Group) | |
4609 | @findex gnus-group-save-newsrc | |
4610 | @cindex saving .newsrc | |
4611 | Save the @file{.newsrc.eld} file (and @file{.newsrc} if wanted) | |
4612 | (@code{gnus-group-save-newsrc}). If given a prefix, force saving the | |
4613 | file(s) whether Gnus thinks it is necessary or not. | |
4614 | ||
4615 | @c @item Z | |
4616 | @c @kindex Z (Group) | |
4617 | @c @findex gnus-group-clear-dribble | |
4618 | @c Clear the dribble buffer (@code{gnus-group-clear-dribble}). | |
4619 | ||
4620 | @end table | |
4621 | ||
4622 | ||
4623 | @node Sieve Commands | |
4624 | @subsection Sieve Commands | |
4625 | @cindex group sieve commands | |
4626 | ||
4627 | Sieve is a server-side mail filtering language. In Gnus you can use | |
4628 | the @code{sieve} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) to specify | |
4629 | sieve rules that should apply to each group. Gnus provides two | |
4630 | commands to translate all these group parameters into a proper Sieve | |
4631 | script that can be transfered to the server somehow. | |
4632 | ||
4633 | @vindex gnus-sieve-file | |
4634 | @vindex gnus-sieve-region-start | |
4635 | @vindex gnus-sieve-region-end | |
4636 | The generated Sieve script is placed in @code{gnus-sieve-file} (by | |
4637 | default @file{~/.sieve}). The Sieve code that Gnus generate is placed | |
4638 | between two delimiters, @code{gnus-sieve-region-start} and | |
4639 | @code{gnus-sieve-region-end}, so you may write additional Sieve code | |
4640 | outside these delimiters that will not be removed the next time you | |
4641 | regenerate the Sieve script. | |
4642 | ||
4643 | @vindex gnus-sieve-crosspost | |
4644 | The variable @code{gnus-sieve-crosspost} controls how the Sieve script | |
4645 | is generated. If it is non-@code{nil} (the default) articles is | |
4646 | placed in all groups that have matching rules, otherwise the article | |
4647 | is only placed in the group with the first matching rule. For | |
4648 | example, the group parameter @samp{(sieve address "sender" | |
4649 | "owner-ding@@hpc.uh.edu")} will generate the following piece of Sieve | |
4650 | code if @code{gnus-sieve-crosspost} is @code{nil}. (When | |
4651 | @code{gnus-sieve-crosspost} is non-@code{nil}, it looks the same | |
4652 | except that the line containing the call to @code{stop} is removed.) | |
4653 | ||
4654 | @example | |
4655 | if address "sender" "owner-ding@@hpc.uh.edu" @{ | |
4656 | fileinto "INBOX.ding"; | |
4657 | stop; | |
4658 | @} | |
4659 | @end example | |
4660 | ||
4661 | @xref{Top, Emacs Sieve, Top, sieve, Emacs Sieve}. | |
4662 | ||
4663 | @table @kbd | |
4664 | ||
4665 | @item D g | |
4666 | @kindex D g (Group) | |
4667 | @findex gnus-sieve-generate | |
4668 | @vindex gnus-sieve-file | |
4669 | @cindex generating sieve script | |
4670 | Regenerate a Sieve script from the @code{sieve} group parameters and | |
4671 | put you into the @code{gnus-sieve-file} without saving it. | |
4672 | ||
4673 | @item D u | |
4674 | @kindex D u (Group) | |
4675 | @findex gnus-sieve-update | |
4676 | @vindex gnus-sieve-file | |
4677 | @cindex updating sieve script | |
4678 | Regenerates the Gnus managed part of @code{gnus-sieve-file} using the | |
4679 | @code{sieve} group parameters, save the file and upload it to the | |
4680 | server using the @code{sieveshell} program. | |
4681 | ||
4682 | @end table | |
4683 | ||
4684 | ||
4685 | @node Summary Buffer | |
4686 | @chapter Summary Buffer | |
4687 | @cindex summary buffer | |
4688 | ||
4689 | A line for each article is displayed in the summary buffer. You can | |
4690 | move around, read articles, post articles and reply to articles. | |
4691 | ||
4692 | The most common way to a summary buffer is to select a group from the | |
4693 | group buffer (@pxref{Selecting a Group}). | |
4694 | ||
4695 | You can have as many summary buffers open as you wish. | |
4696 | ||
4697 | You can customize the Summary Mode tool bar, see @kbd{M-x | |
4698 | customize-apropos RET gnus-summary-tool-bar}. This feature is only | |
4699 | available in Emacs. | |
4700 | ||
4701 | @kindex v (Summary) | |
4702 | @cindex keys, reserved for users (Summary) | |
4703 | The key @kbd{v} is reserved for users. You can bind it to some | |
4704 | command or better use it as a prefix key. For example: | |
4705 | @lisp | |
4706 | (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map (kbd "v -") "LrS") ;; lower subthread | |
4707 | @end lisp | |
4708 | ||
4709 | @menu | |
4710 | * Summary Buffer Format:: Deciding how the summary buffer is to look. | |
4711 | * Summary Maneuvering:: Moving around the summary buffer. | |
4712 | * Choosing Articles:: Reading articles. | |
4713 | * Paging the Article:: Scrolling the current article. | |
4714 | * Reply Followup and Post:: Posting articles. | |
4715 | * Delayed Articles:: Send articles at a later time. | |
4716 | * Marking Articles:: Marking articles as read, expirable, etc. | |
4717 | * Limiting:: You can limit the summary buffer. | |
4718 | * Threading:: How threads are made. | |
4719 | * Sorting the Summary Buffer:: How articles and threads are sorted. | |
4720 | * Asynchronous Fetching:: Gnus might be able to pre-fetch articles. | |
4721 | * Article Caching:: You may store articles in a cache. | |
4722 | * Persistent Articles:: Making articles expiry-resistant. | |
01c52d31 | 4723 | * Sticky Articles:: Article buffers that are not reused. |
4009494e GM |
4724 | * Article Backlog:: Having already read articles hang around. |
4725 | * Saving Articles:: Ways of customizing article saving. | |
4726 | * Decoding Articles:: Gnus can treat series of (uu)encoded articles. | |
4727 | * Article Treatment:: The article buffer can be mangled at will. | |
4728 | * MIME Commands:: Doing MIMEy things with the articles. | |
4729 | * Charsets:: Character set issues. | |
4730 | * Article Commands:: Doing various things with the article buffer. | |
4731 | * Summary Sorting:: Sorting the summary buffer in various ways. | |
4732 | * Finding the Parent:: No child support? Get the parent. | |
4733 | * Alternative Approaches:: Reading using non-default summaries. | |
4734 | * Tree Display:: A more visual display of threads. | |
4735 | * Mail Group Commands:: Some commands can only be used in mail groups. | |
4736 | * Various Summary Stuff:: What didn't fit anywhere else. | |
4737 | * Exiting the Summary Buffer:: Returning to the Group buffer, | |
4738 | or reselecting the current group. | |
4739 | * Crosspost Handling:: How crossposted articles are dealt with. | |
4740 | * Duplicate Suppression:: An alternative when crosspost handling fails. | |
4741 | * Security:: Decrypt and Verify. | |
4742 | * Mailing List:: Mailing list minor mode. | |
4743 | @end menu | |
4744 | ||
4745 | ||
4746 | @node Summary Buffer Format | |
4747 | @section Summary Buffer Format | |
4748 | @cindex summary buffer format | |
4749 | ||
4750 | @iftex | |
4751 | @iflatex | |
4752 | \gnusfigure{The Summary Buffer}{180}{ | |
4753 | \put(0,0){\epsfig{figure=ps/summary,width=7.5cm}} | |
4754 | \put(445,0){\makebox(0,0)[br]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-article,width=7.5cm}}} | |
4755 | } | |
4756 | @end iflatex | |
4757 | @end iftex | |
4758 | ||
4759 | @menu | |
4760 | * Summary Buffer Lines:: You can specify how summary lines should look. | |
4761 | * To From Newsgroups:: How to not display your own name. | |
4762 | * Summary Buffer Mode Line:: You can say how the mode line should look. | |
4763 | * Summary Highlighting:: Making the summary buffer all pretty and nice. | |
4764 | @end menu | |
4765 | ||
4766 | @findex mail-extract-address-components | |
4767 | @findex gnus-extract-address-components | |
4768 | @vindex gnus-extract-address-components | |
4769 | Gnus will use the value of the @code{gnus-extract-address-components} | |
4770 | variable as a function for getting the name and address parts of a | |
4771 | @code{From} header. Two pre-defined functions exist: | |
4772 | @code{gnus-extract-address-components}, which is the default, quite | |
4773 | fast, and too simplistic solution; and | |
4774 | @code{mail-extract-address-components}, which works very nicely, but is | |
4775 | slower. The default function will return the wrong answer in 5% of the | |
4776 | cases. If this is unacceptable to you, use the other function instead: | |
4777 | ||
4778 | @lisp | |
4779 | (setq gnus-extract-address-components | |
4780 | 'mail-extract-address-components) | |
4781 | @end lisp | |
4782 | ||
4783 | @vindex gnus-summary-same-subject | |
4784 | @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} is a string indicating that the current | |
4785 | article has the same subject as the previous. This string will be used | |
4786 | with those specs that require it. The default is @code{""}. | |
4787 | ||
4788 | ||
4789 | @node Summary Buffer Lines | |
4790 | @subsection Summary Buffer Lines | |
4791 | ||
4792 | @vindex gnus-summary-line-format | |
4793 | You can change the format of the lines in the summary buffer by changing | |
4794 | the @code{gnus-summary-line-format} variable. It works along the same | |
4795 | lines as a normal @code{format} string, with some extensions | |
4796 | (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). | |
4797 | ||
4798 | There should always be a colon or a point position marker on the line; | |
4799 | the cursor always moves to the point position marker or the colon after | |
4800 | performing an operation. (Of course, Gnus wouldn't be Gnus if it wasn't | |
4801 | possible to change this. Just write a new function | |
4802 | @code{gnus-goto-colon} which does whatever you like with the cursor.) | |
4803 | @xref{Positioning Point}. | |
4804 | ||
4805 | The default string is @samp{%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-23,23f%]%) %s\n}. | |
4806 | ||
4807 | The following format specification characters and extended format | |
4808 | specification(s) are understood: | |
4809 | ||
4810 | @table @samp | |
4811 | @item N | |
4812 | Article number. | |
4813 | @item S | |
4814 | Subject string. List identifiers stripped, | |
4815 | @code{gnus-list-identifiers}. @xref{Article Hiding}. | |
4816 | @item s | |
4817 | Subject if the article is the root of the thread or the previous article | |
4818 | had a different subject, @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} otherwise. | |
4819 | (@code{gnus-summary-same-subject} defaults to @code{""}.) | |
4820 | @item F | |
4821 | Full @code{From} header. | |
4822 | @item n | |
4823 | The name (from the @code{From} header). | |
4824 | @item f | |
4825 | The name, @code{To} header or the @code{Newsgroups} header (@pxref{To | |
4826 | From Newsgroups}). | |
4827 | @item a | |
4828 | The name (from the @code{From} header). This differs from the @code{n} | |
4829 | spec in that it uses the function designated by the | |
4830 | @code{gnus-extract-address-components} variable, which is slower, but | |
4831 | may be more thorough. | |
4832 | @item A | |
4833 | The address (from the @code{From} header). This works the same way as | |
4834 | the @code{a} spec. | |
4835 | @item L | |
4836 | Number of lines in the article. | |
4837 | @item c | |
4838 | Number of characters in the article. This specifier is not supported | |
4839 | in some methods (like nnfolder). | |
4840 | @item k | |
4841 | Pretty-printed version of the number of characters in the article; | |
4842 | for example, @samp{1.2k} or @samp{0.4M}. | |
4843 | @item I | |
4844 | Indentation based on thread level (@pxref{Customizing Threading}). | |
4845 | @item B | |
4846 | A complex trn-style thread tree, showing response-connecting trace | |
4847 | lines. A thread could be drawn like this: | |
4848 | ||
4849 | @example | |
4850 | > | |
4851 | +-> | |
4852 | | +-> | |
4853 | | | \-> | |
4854 | | | \-> | |
4855 | | \-> | |
4856 | +-> | |
4857 | \-> | |
4858 | @end example | |
4859 | ||
4860 | You can customize the appearance with the following options. Note | |
4861 | that it is possible to make the thread display look really neat by | |
4862 | replacing the default @acronym{ASCII} characters with graphic | |
4863 | line-drawing glyphs. | |
4864 | @table @code | |
4865 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-root | |
4866 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-root | |
4867 | Used for the root of a thread. If @code{nil}, use subject | |
4868 | instead. The default is @samp{> }. | |
4869 | ||
4870 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-false-root | |
4871 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-false-root | |
4872 | Used for the false root of a thread (@pxref{Loose Threads}). If | |
4873 | @code{nil}, use subject instead. The default is @samp{> }. | |
4874 | ||
4875 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-indent | |
4876 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-indent | |
4877 | Used for a thread with just one message. If @code{nil}, use subject | |
4878 | instead. The default is @samp{}. | |
4879 | ||
4880 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-vertical | |
4881 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-vertical | |
4882 | Used for drawing a vertical line. The default is @samp{| }. | |
4883 | ||
4884 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-indent | |
4885 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-indent | |
4886 | Used for indenting. The default is @samp{ }. | |
4887 | ||
4888 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-leaf-with-other | |
4889 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-leaf-with-other | |
4890 | Used for a leaf with brothers. The default is @samp{+-> }. | |
4891 | ||
4892 | @item gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-leaf | |
4893 | @vindex gnus-sum-thread-tree-single-leaf | |
4894 | Used for a leaf without brothers. The default is @samp{\-> } | |
4895 | ||
4896 | @end table | |
4897 | ||
4898 | @item T | |
4899 | Nothing if the article is a root and lots of spaces if it isn't (it | |
4900 | pushes everything after it off the screen). | |
4901 | @item [ | |
4902 | Opening bracket, which is normally @samp{[}, but can also be @samp{<} | |
4903 | for adopted articles (@pxref{Customizing Threading}). | |
4904 | @item ] | |
4905 | Closing bracket, which is normally @samp{]}, but can also be @samp{>} | |
4906 | for adopted articles. | |
4907 | @item > | |
4908 | One space for each thread level. | |
4909 | @item < | |
4910 | Twenty minus thread level spaces. | |
4911 | @item U | |
4912 | Unread. @xref{Read Articles}. | |
4913 | ||
4914 | @item R | |
4915 | This misleadingly named specifier is the @dfn{secondary mark}. This | |
4916 | mark will say whether the article has been replied to, has been cached, | |
4917 | or has been saved. @xref{Other Marks}. | |
4918 | ||
4919 | @item i | |
4920 | Score as a number (@pxref{Scoring}). | |
4921 | @item z | |
4922 | @vindex gnus-summary-zcore-fuzz | |
4923 | Zcore, @samp{+} if above the default level and @samp{-} if below the | |
4924 | default level. If the difference between | |
4925 | @code{gnus-summary-default-score} and the score is less than | |
4926 | @code{gnus-summary-zcore-fuzz}, this spec will not be used. | |
4927 | @item V | |
4928 | Total thread score. | |
4929 | @item x | |
4930 | @code{Xref}. | |
4931 | @item D | |
4932 | @code{Date}. | |
4933 | @item d | |
4934 | The @code{Date} in @code{DD-MMM} format. | |
4935 | @item o | |
4936 | The @code{Date} in @var{YYYYMMDD}@code{T}@var{HHMMSS} format. | |
4937 | @item M | |
4938 | @code{Message-ID}. | |
4939 | @item r | |
4940 | @code{References}. | |
4941 | @item t | |
4942 | Number of articles in the current sub-thread. Using this spec will slow | |
4943 | down summary buffer generation somewhat. | |
4944 | @item e | |
4945 | An @samp{=} (@code{gnus-not-empty-thread-mark}) will be displayed if the | |
4946 | article has any children. | |
4947 | @item P | |
4948 | The line number. | |
4949 | @item O | |
4950 | Download mark. | |
4951 | @item * | |
4952 | Desired cursor position (instead of after first colon). | |
4953 | @item &user-date; | |
4954 | Age sensitive date format. Various date format is defined in | |
4955 | @code{gnus-user-date-format-alist}. | |
4956 | @item u | |
4957 | User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should | |
4958 | be a letter. Gnus will call the function | |
4959 | @code{gnus-user-format-function-@var{x}}, where @var{x} is the letter | |
4960 | following @samp{%u}. The function will be passed the current header as | |
4961 | argument. The function should return a string, which will be inserted | |
4962 | into the summary just like information from any other summary specifier. | |
4963 | @end table | |
4964 | ||
4965 | Text between @samp{%(} and @samp{%)} will be highlighted with | |
4966 | @code{gnus-mouse-face} when the mouse point is placed inside the area. | |
4967 | There can only be one such area. | |
4968 | ||
4969 | The @samp{%U} (status), @samp{%R} (replied) and @samp{%z} (zcore) specs | |
4970 | have to be handled with care. For reasons of efficiency, Gnus will | |
4971 | compute what column these characters will end up in, and ``hard-code'' | |
4972 | that. This means that it is invalid to have these specs after a | |
4973 | variable-length spec. Well, you might not be arrested, but your summary | |
4974 | buffer will look strange, which is bad enough. | |
4975 | ||
4976 | The smart choice is to have these specs as far to the left as possible. | |
4977 | (Isn't that the case with everything, though? But I digress.) | |
4978 | ||
4979 | This restriction may disappear in later versions of Gnus. | |
4980 | ||
4981 | ||
4982 | @node To From Newsgroups | |
4983 | @subsection To From Newsgroups | |
4984 | @cindex To | |
4985 | @cindex Newsgroups | |
4986 | ||
4987 | In some groups (particularly in archive groups), the @code{From} header | |
4988 | isn't very interesting, since all the articles there are written by | |
4989 | you. To display the information in the @code{To} or @code{Newsgroups} | |
4990 | headers instead, you need to decide three things: What information to | |
4991 | gather; where to display it; and when to display it. | |
4992 | ||
4993 | @enumerate | |
4994 | @item | |
4995 | @vindex gnus-extra-headers | |
4996 | The reading of extra header information is controlled by the | |
4997 | @code{gnus-extra-headers}. This is a list of header symbols. For | |
4998 | instance: | |
4999 | ||
5000 | @lisp | |
5001 | (setq gnus-extra-headers | |
5002 | '(To Newsgroups X-Newsreader)) | |
5003 | @end lisp | |
5004 | ||
5005 | This will result in Gnus trying to obtain these three headers, and | |
5006 | storing it in header structures for later easy retrieval. | |
5007 | ||
5008 | @item | |
5009 | @findex gnus-extra-header | |
5010 | The value of these extra headers can be accessed via the | |
5011 | @code{gnus-extra-header} function. Here's a format line spec that will | |
5012 | access the @code{X-Newsreader} header: | |
5013 | ||
5014 | @example | |
5015 | "%~(form (gnus-extra-header 'X-Newsreader))@@" | |
5016 | @end example | |
5017 | ||
5018 | @item | |
5019 | @vindex gnus-ignored-from-addresses | |
5020 | The @code{gnus-ignored-from-addresses} variable says when the @samp{%f} | |
5021 | summary line spec returns the @code{To}, @code{Newsreader} or | |
5022 | @code{From} header. If this regexp matches the contents of the | |
5023 | @code{From} header, the value of the @code{To} or @code{Newsreader} | |
5024 | headers are used instead. | |
5025 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
5026 | To distinguish regular articles from those where the @code{From} field |
5027 | has been swapped, a string is prefixed to the @code{To} or | |
5028 | @code{Newsgroups} header in the summary line. By default the string is | |
5029 | @samp{-> } for @code{To} and @samp{=> } for @code{Newsgroups}, you can | |
5030 | customize these strings with @code{gnus-summary-to-prefix} and | |
5031 | @code{gnus-summary-newsgroup-prefix}. | |
5032 | ||
4009494e GM |
5033 | @end enumerate |
5034 | ||
5035 | @vindex nnmail-extra-headers | |
5036 | A related variable is @code{nnmail-extra-headers}, which controls when | |
5037 | to include extra headers when generating overview (@acronym{NOV}) files. | |
5038 | If you have old overview files, you should regenerate them after | |
5039 | changing this variable, by entering the server buffer using @kbd{^}, | |
5040 | and then @kbd{g} on the appropriate mail server (e.g. nnml) to cause | |
5041 | regeneration. | |
5042 | ||
5043 | @vindex gnus-summary-line-format | |
5044 | You also have to instruct Gnus to display the data by changing the | |
5045 | @code{%n} spec to the @code{%f} spec in the | |
5046 | @code{gnus-summary-line-format} variable. | |
5047 | ||
5048 | In summary, you'd typically put something like the following in | |
5049 | @file{~/.gnus.el}: | |
5050 | ||
5051 | @lisp | |
5052 | (setq gnus-extra-headers | |
5053 | '(To Newsgroups)) | |
5054 | (setq nnmail-extra-headers gnus-extra-headers) | |
5055 | (setq gnus-summary-line-format | |
5056 | "%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-23,23f%]%) %s\n") | |
5057 | (setq gnus-ignored-from-addresses | |
5058 | "Your Name Here") | |
5059 | @end lisp | |
5060 | ||
5061 | (The values listed above are the default values in Gnus. Alter them | |
5062 | to fit your needs.) | |
5063 | ||
5064 | A note for news server administrators, or for users who wish to try to | |
5065 | convince their news server administrator to provide some additional | |
5066 | support: | |
5067 | ||
5068 | The above is mostly useful for mail groups, where you have control over | |
5069 | the @acronym{NOV} files that are created. However, if you can persuade your | |
5070 | nntp admin to add (in the usual implementation, notably INN): | |
5071 | ||
5072 | @example | |
5073 | Newsgroups:full | |
5074 | @end example | |
5075 | ||
5076 | to the end of her @file{overview.fmt} file, then you can use that just | |
5077 | as you would the extra headers from the mail groups. | |
5078 | ||
5079 | ||
5080 | @node Summary Buffer Mode Line | |
5081 | @subsection Summary Buffer Mode Line | |
5082 | ||
5083 | @vindex gnus-summary-mode-line-format | |
5084 | You can also change the format of the summary mode bar (@pxref{Mode Line | |
5085 | Formatting}). Set @code{gnus-summary-mode-line-format} to whatever you | |
5086 | like. The default is @samp{Gnus: %%b [%A] %Z}. | |
5087 | ||
5088 | Here are the elements you can play with: | |
5089 | ||
5090 | @table @samp | |
5091 | @item G | |
5092 | Group name. | |
5093 | @item p | |
5094 | Unprefixed group name. | |
5095 | @item A | |
5096 | Current article number. | |
5097 | @item z | |
5098 | Current article score. | |
5099 | @item V | |
5100 | Gnus version. | |
5101 | @item U | |
5102 | Number of unread articles in this group. | |
5103 | @item e | |
5104 | Number of unread articles in this group that aren't displayed in the | |
5105 | summary buffer. | |
5106 | @item Z | |
5107 | A string with the number of unread and unselected articles represented | |
5108 | either as @samp{<%U(+%e) more>} if there are both unread and unselected | |
5109 | articles, and just as @samp{<%U more>} if there are just unread articles | |
5110 | and no unselected ones. | |
5111 | @item g | |
5112 | Shortish group name. For instance, @samp{rec.arts.anime} will be | |
5113 | shortened to @samp{r.a.anime}. | |
5114 | @item S | |
5115 | Subject of the current article. | |
5116 | @item u | |
5117 | User-defined spec (@pxref{User-Defined Specs}). | |
5118 | @item s | |
5119 | Name of the current score file (@pxref{Scoring}). | |
5120 | @item d | |
5121 | Number of dormant articles (@pxref{Unread Articles}). | |
5122 | @item t | |
5123 | Number of ticked articles (@pxref{Unread Articles}). | |
5124 | @item r | |
5125 | Number of articles that have been marked as read in this session. | |
5126 | @item E | |
5127 | Number of articles expunged by the score files. | |
5128 | @end table | |
5129 | ||
5130 | ||
5131 | @node Summary Highlighting | |
5132 | @subsection Summary Highlighting | |
5133 | ||
5134 | @table @code | |
5135 | ||
5136 | @item gnus-visual-mark-article-hook | |
5137 | @vindex gnus-visual-mark-article-hook | |
5138 | This hook is run after selecting an article. It is meant to be used for | |
5139 | highlighting the article in some way. It is not run if | |
5140 | @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. | |
5141 | ||
5142 | @item gnus-summary-update-hook | |
5143 | @vindex gnus-summary-update-hook | |
5144 | This hook is called when a summary line is changed. It is not run if | |
5145 | @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. | |
5146 | ||
5147 | @item gnus-summary-selected-face | |
5148 | @vindex gnus-summary-selected-face | |
5149 | This is the face (or @dfn{font} as some people call it) used to | |
5150 | highlight the current article in the summary buffer. | |
5151 | ||
5152 | @item gnus-summary-highlight | |
5153 | @vindex gnus-summary-highlight | |
5154 | Summary lines are highlighted according to this variable, which is a | |
5155 | list where the elements are of the format @code{(@var{form} | |
5156 | . @var{face})}. If you would, for instance, like ticked articles to be | |
5157 | italic and high-scored articles to be bold, you could set this variable | |
5158 | to something like | |
5159 | @lisp | |
5160 | (((eq mark gnus-ticked-mark) . italic) | |
5161 | ((> score default) . bold)) | |
5162 | @end lisp | |
5163 | As you may have guessed, if @var{form} returns a non-@code{nil} value, | |
5164 | @var{face} will be applied to the line. | |
5165 | @end table | |
5166 | ||
5167 | ||
5168 | @node Summary Maneuvering | |
5169 | @section Summary Maneuvering | |
5170 | @cindex summary movement | |
5171 | ||
5172 | All the straight movement commands understand the numeric prefix and | |
5173 | behave pretty much as you'd expect. | |
5174 | ||
5175 | None of these commands select articles. | |
5176 | ||
5177 | @table @kbd | |
5178 | @item G M-n | |
5179 | @itemx M-n | |
5180 | @kindex M-n (Summary) | |
5181 | @kindex G M-n (Summary) | |
5182 | @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-subject | |
5183 | Go to the next summary line of an unread article | |
5184 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-unread-subject}). | |
5185 | ||
5186 | @item G M-p | |
5187 | @itemx M-p | |
5188 | @kindex M-p (Summary) | |
5189 | @kindex G M-p (Summary) | |
5190 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject | |
5191 | Go to the previous summary line of an unread article | |
5192 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject}). | |
5193 | ||
5194 | @item G g | |
5195 | @kindex G g (Summary) | |
5196 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-subject | |
5197 | Ask for an article number and then go to the summary line of that article | |
5198 | without displaying the article (@code{gnus-summary-goto-subject}). | |
5199 | @end table | |
5200 | ||
5201 | If Gnus asks you to press a key to confirm going to the next group, you | |
5202 | can use the @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} keys to move around the group | |
5203 | buffer, searching for the next group to read without actually returning | |
5204 | to the group buffer. | |
5205 | ||
5206 | Variables related to summary movement: | |
5207 | ||
5208 | @table @code | |
5209 | ||
5210 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-next | |
5211 | @item gnus-auto-select-next | |
5212 | If you issue one of the movement commands (like @kbd{n}) and there are | |
5213 | no more unread articles after the current one, Gnus will offer to go to | |
5214 | the next group. If this variable is @code{t} and the next group is | |
5215 | empty, Gnus will exit summary mode and return to the group buffer. If | |
5216 | this variable is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, Gnus will select the | |
5217 | next group with unread articles. As a special case, if this variable | |
5218 | is @code{quietly}, Gnus will select the next group without asking for | |
5219 | confirmation. If this variable is @code{almost-quietly}, the same | |
5220 | will happen only if you are located on the last article in the group. | |
5221 | Finally, if this variable is @code{slightly-quietly}, the @kbd{Z n} | |
5222 | command will go to the next group without confirmation. Also | |
5223 | @pxref{Group Levels}. | |
5224 | ||
5225 | @item gnus-auto-select-same | |
5226 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-same | |
5227 | If non-@code{nil}, all the movement commands will try to go to the next | |
5228 | article with the same subject as the current. (@dfn{Same} here might | |
5229 | mean @dfn{roughly equal}. See @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit} | |
5230 | for details (@pxref{Customizing Threading}).) If there are no more | |
5231 | articles with the same subject, go to the first unread article. | |
5232 | ||
5233 | This variable is not particularly useful if you use a threaded display. | |
5234 | ||
5235 | @item gnus-summary-check-current | |
5236 | @vindex gnus-summary-check-current | |
5237 | If non-@code{nil}, all the ``unread'' movement commands will not proceed | |
5238 | to the next (or previous) article if the current article is unread. | |
5239 | Instead, they will choose the current article. | |
5240 | ||
5241 | @item gnus-auto-center-summary | |
5242 | @vindex gnus-auto-center-summary | |
5243 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will keep the point in the summary buffer | |
5244 | centered at all times. This makes things quite tidy, but if you have a | |
5245 | slow network connection, or simply do not like this un-Emacsism, you can | |
5246 | set this variable to @code{nil} to get the normal Emacs scrolling | |
5247 | action. This will also inhibit horizontal re-centering of the summary | |
5248 | buffer, which might make it more inconvenient to read extremely long | |
5249 | threads. | |
5250 | ||
5251 | This variable can also be a number. In that case, center the window at | |
5252 | the given number of lines from the top. | |
5253 | ||
5254 | @end table | |
5255 | ||
5256 | ||
5257 | @node Choosing Articles | |
5258 | @section Choosing Articles | |
5259 | @cindex selecting articles | |
5260 | ||
5261 | @menu | |
5262 | * Choosing Commands:: Commands for choosing articles. | |
5263 | * Choosing Variables:: Variables that influence these commands. | |
5264 | @end menu | |
5265 | ||
5266 | ||
5267 | @node Choosing Commands | |
5268 | @subsection Choosing Commands | |
5269 | ||
5270 | None of the following movement commands understand the numeric prefix, | |
5271 | and they all select and display an article. | |
5272 | ||
5273 | If you want to fetch new articles or redisplay the group, see | |
5274 | @ref{Exiting the Summary Buffer}. | |
5275 | ||
5276 | @table @kbd | |
5277 | @item SPACE | |
5278 | @kindex SPACE (Summary) | |
5279 | @findex gnus-summary-next-page | |
5280 | Select the current article, or, if that one's read already, the next | |
5281 | unread article (@code{gnus-summary-next-page}). | |
5282 | ||
5283 | If you have an article window open already and you press @kbd{SPACE} | |
5284 | again, the article will be scrolled. This lets you conveniently | |
5285 | @kbd{SPACE} through an entire newsgroup. @xref{Paging the Article}. | |
5286 | ||
5287 | @item G n | |
5288 | @itemx n | |
5289 | @kindex n (Summary) | |
5290 | @kindex G n (Summary) | |
5291 | @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-article | |
5292 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-next-unread} | |
5293 | Go to next unread article (@code{gnus-summary-next-unread-article}). | |
5294 | ||
5295 | @item G p | |
5296 | @itemx p | |
5297 | @kindex p (Summary) | |
5298 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-article | |
5299 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-prev-unread} | |
5300 | Go to previous unread article (@code{gnus-summary-prev-unread-article}). | |
5301 | ||
5302 | @item G N | |
5303 | @itemx N | |
5304 | @kindex N (Summary) | |
5305 | @kindex G N (Summary) | |
5306 | @findex gnus-summary-next-article | |
5307 | Go to the next article (@code{gnus-summary-next-article}). | |
5308 | ||
5309 | @item G P | |
5310 | @itemx P | |
5311 | @kindex P (Summary) | |
5312 | @kindex G P (Summary) | |
5313 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-article | |
5314 | Go to the previous article (@code{gnus-summary-prev-article}). | |
5315 | ||
5316 | @item G C-n | |
5317 | @kindex G C-n (Summary) | |
5318 | @findex gnus-summary-next-same-subject | |
5319 | Go to the next article with the same subject | |
5320 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-same-subject}). | |
5321 | ||
5322 | @item G C-p | |
5323 | @kindex G C-p (Summary) | |
5324 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-same-subject | |
5325 | Go to the previous article with the same subject | |
5326 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-same-subject}). | |
5327 | ||
5328 | @item G f | |
5329 | @itemx . | |
5330 | @kindex G f (Summary) | |
5331 | @kindex . (Summary) | |
5332 | @findex gnus-summary-first-unread-article | |
5333 | Go to the first unread article | |
5334 | (@code{gnus-summary-first-unread-article}). | |
5335 | ||
5336 | @item G b | |
5337 | @itemx , | |
5338 | @kindex G b (Summary) | |
5339 | @kindex , (Summary) | |
5340 | @findex gnus-summary-best-unread-article | |
5341 | Go to the unread article with the highest score | |
5342 | (@code{gnus-summary-best-unread-article}). If given a prefix argument, | |
5343 | go to the first unread article that has a score over the default score. | |
5344 | ||
5345 | @item G l | |
5346 | @itemx l | |
5347 | @kindex l (Summary) | |
5348 | @kindex G l (Summary) | |
5349 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-last-article | |
5350 | Go to the previous article read (@code{gnus-summary-goto-last-article}). | |
5351 | ||
5352 | @item G o | |
5353 | @kindex G o (Summary) | |
5354 | @findex gnus-summary-pop-article | |
5355 | @cindex history | |
5356 | @cindex article history | |
5357 | Pop an article off the summary history and go to this article | |
5358 | (@code{gnus-summary-pop-article}). This command differs from the | |
5359 | command above in that you can pop as many previous articles off the | |
5360 | history as you like, while @kbd{l} toggles the two last read articles. | |
5361 | For a somewhat related issue (if you use these commands a lot), | |
5362 | @pxref{Article Backlog}. | |
5363 | ||
5364 | @item G j | |
5365 | @itemx j | |
5366 | @kindex j (Summary) | |
5367 | @kindex G j (Summary) | |
5368 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-article | |
5369 | Ask for an article number or @code{Message-ID}, and then go to that | |
5370 | article (@code{gnus-summary-goto-article}). | |
5371 | ||
5372 | @end table | |
5373 | ||
5374 | ||
5375 | @node Choosing Variables | |
5376 | @subsection Choosing Variables | |
5377 | ||
5378 | Some variables relevant for moving and selecting articles: | |
5379 | ||
5380 | @table @code | |
5381 | @item gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup | |
5382 | @vindex gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup | |
5383 | All the movement commands will try to go to the previous (or next) | |
5384 | article, even if that article isn't displayed in the Summary buffer if | |
5385 | this variable is non-@code{nil}. Gnus will then fetch the article from | |
5386 | the server and display it in the article buffer. | |
5387 | ||
5388 | @item gnus-select-article-hook | |
5389 | @vindex gnus-select-article-hook | |
5390 | This hook is called whenever an article is selected. The default is | |
5391 | @code{nil}. If you would like each article to be saved in the Agent as | |
5392 | you read it, putting @code{gnus-agent-fetch-selected-article} on this | |
5393 | hook will do so. | |
5394 | ||
5395 | @item gnus-mark-article-hook | |
5396 | @vindex gnus-mark-article-hook | |
5397 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read | |
5398 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read | |
5399 | @findex gnus-unread-mark | |
5400 | This hook is called whenever an article is selected. It is intended to | |
5401 | be used for marking articles as read. The default value is | |
5402 | @code{gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read}, and will change the | |
5403 | mark of almost any article you read to @code{gnus-read-mark}. The only | |
5404 | articles not affected by this function are ticked, dormant, and | |
5405 | expirable articles. If you'd instead like to just have unread articles | |
5406 | marked as read, you can use @code{gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read} | |
5407 | instead. It will leave marks like @code{gnus-low-score-mark}, | |
5408 | @code{gnus-del-mark} (and so on) alone. | |
5409 | ||
5410 | @end table | |
5411 | ||
5412 | ||
5413 | @node Paging the Article | |
5414 | @section Scrolling the Article | |
5415 | @cindex article scrolling | |
5416 | ||
5417 | @table @kbd | |
5418 | ||
5419 | @item SPACE | |
5420 | @kindex SPACE (Summary) | |
5421 | @findex gnus-summary-next-page | |
5422 | Pressing @kbd{SPACE} will scroll the current article forward one page, | |
5423 | or, if you have come to the end of the current article, will choose the | |
5424 | next article (@code{gnus-summary-next-page}). | |
5425 | ||
5426 | @vindex gnus-article-boring-faces | |
5427 | @vindex gnus-article-skip-boring | |
5428 | If @code{gnus-article-skip-boring} is non-@code{nil} and the rest of | |
5429 | the article consists only of citations and signature, then it will be | |
5430 | skipped; the next article will be shown instead. You can customize | |
5431 | what is considered uninteresting with | |
5432 | @code{gnus-article-boring-faces}. You can manually view the article's | |
5433 | pages, no matter how boring, using @kbd{C-M-v}. | |
5434 | ||
5435 | @item DEL | |
5436 | @kindex DEL (Summary) | |
5437 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-page | |
5438 | Scroll the current article back one page (@code{gnus-summary-prev-page}). | |
5439 | ||
5440 | @item RET | |
5441 | @kindex RET (Summary) | |
5442 | @findex gnus-summary-scroll-up | |
5443 | Scroll the current article one line forward | |
5444 | (@code{gnus-summary-scroll-up}). | |
5445 | ||
5446 | @item M-RET | |
5447 | @kindex M-RET (Summary) | |
5448 | @findex gnus-summary-scroll-down | |
5449 | Scroll the current article one line backward | |
5450 | (@code{gnus-summary-scroll-down}). | |
5451 | ||
5452 | @item A g | |
5453 | @itemx g | |
5454 | @kindex A g (Summary) | |
5455 | @kindex g (Summary) | |
5456 | @findex gnus-summary-show-article | |
5457 | @vindex gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist | |
5458 | (Re)fetch the current article (@code{gnus-summary-show-article}). If | |
5459 | given a prefix, fetch the current article, but don't run any of the | |
5460 | article treatment functions. This will give you a ``raw'' article, just | |
5461 | the way it came from the server. | |
5462 | ||
5463 | If given a numerical prefix, you can do semi-manual charset stuff. | |
5464 | @kbd{C-u 0 g cn-gb-2312 RET} will decode the message as if it were | |
5465 | encoded in the @code{cn-gb-2312} charset. If you have | |
5466 | ||
5467 | @lisp | |
5468 | (setq gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist | |
5469 | '((1 . cn-gb-2312) | |
5470 | (2 . big5))) | |
5471 | @end lisp | |
5472 | ||
5473 | then you can say @kbd{C-u 1 g} to get the same effect. | |
5474 | ||
5475 | @item A < | |
5476 | @itemx < | |
5477 | @kindex < (Summary) | |
5478 | @kindex A < (Summary) | |
5479 | @findex gnus-summary-beginning-of-article | |
5480 | Scroll to the beginning of the article | |
5481 | (@code{gnus-summary-beginning-of-article}). | |
5482 | ||
5483 | @item A > | |
5484 | @itemx > | |
5485 | @kindex > (Summary) | |
5486 | @kindex A > (Summary) | |
5487 | @findex gnus-summary-end-of-article | |
5488 | Scroll to the end of the article (@code{gnus-summary-end-of-article}). | |
5489 | ||
5490 | @item A s | |
5491 | @itemx s | |
5492 | @kindex A s (Summary) | |
5493 | @kindex s (Summary) | |
5494 | @findex gnus-summary-isearch-article | |
5495 | Perform an isearch in the article buffer | |
5496 | (@code{gnus-summary-isearch-article}). | |
5497 | ||
5498 | @item h | |
5499 | @kindex h (Summary) | |
5500 | @findex gnus-summary-select-article-buffer | |
5501 | Select the article buffer (@code{gnus-summary-select-article-buffer}). | |
5502 | ||
5503 | @end table | |
5504 | ||
5505 | ||
5506 | @node Reply Followup and Post | |
5507 | @section Reply, Followup and Post | |
5508 | ||
5509 | @menu | |
5510 | * Summary Mail Commands:: Sending mail. | |
5511 | * Summary Post Commands:: Sending news. | |
5512 | * Summary Message Commands:: Other Message-related commands. | |
5513 | * Canceling and Superseding:: | |
5514 | @end menu | |
5515 | ||
5516 | ||
5517 | @node Summary Mail Commands | |
5518 | @subsection Summary Mail Commands | |
5519 | @cindex mail | |
5520 | @cindex composing mail | |
5521 | ||
5522 | Commands for composing a mail message: | |
5523 | ||
5524 | @table @kbd | |
5525 | ||
5526 | @item S r | |
5527 | @itemx r | |
5528 | @kindex S r (Summary) | |
5529 | @kindex r (Summary) | |
5530 | @findex gnus-summary-reply | |
5531 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-reply} | |
5532 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-reply} | |
5533 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article | |
5534 | (@code{gnus-summary-reply}). | |
5535 | ||
5536 | @item S R | |
5537 | @itemx R | |
5538 | @kindex R (Summary) | |
5539 | @kindex S R (Summary) | |
5540 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-with-original | |
5541 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-reply-with-original} | |
5542 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article and include the | |
5543 | original message (@code{gnus-summary-reply-with-original}). This | |
5544 | command uses the process/prefix convention. | |
5545 | ||
5546 | @item S w | |
5547 | @kindex S w (Summary) | |
5548 | @findex gnus-summary-wide-reply | |
5549 | Mail a wide reply to the author of the current article | |
5550 | (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply}). A @dfn{wide reply} is a reply that | |
5551 | goes out to all people listed in the @code{To}, @code{From} (or | |
5552 | @code{Reply-to}) and @code{Cc} headers. If @code{Mail-Followup-To} is | |
5553 | present, that's used instead. | |
5554 | ||
5555 | @item S W | |
5556 | @kindex S W (Summary) | |
5557 | @findex gnus-summary-wide-reply-with-original | |
5558 | Mail a wide reply to the current article and include the original | |
5559 | message (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply-with-original}). This command uses | |
5560 | the process/prefix convention. | |
5561 | ||
5562 | @item S v | |
5563 | @kindex S v (Summary) | |
5564 | @findex gnus-summary-very-wide-reply | |
5565 | Mail a very wide reply to the author of the current article | |
5566 | (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply}). A @dfn{very wide reply} is a reply | |
5567 | that goes out to all people listed in the @code{To}, @code{From} (or | |
5568 | @code{Reply-to}) and @code{Cc} headers in all the process/prefixed | |
5569 | articles. This command uses the process/prefix convention. | |
5570 | ||
5571 | @item S V | |
5572 | @kindex S V (Summary) | |
5573 | @findex gnus-summary-very-wide-reply-with-original | |
5574 | Mail a very wide reply to the author of the current article and include the | |
5575 | original message (@code{gnus-summary-very-wide-reply-with-original}). This | |
5576 | command uses the process/prefix convention. | |
5577 | ||
5578 | @item S B r | |
5579 | @kindex S B r (Summary) | |
5580 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to | |
5581 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article but ignore the | |
5582 | @code{Reply-To} field (@code{gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to}). | |
5583 | If you need this because a mailing list incorrectly sets a | |
5584 | @code{Reply-To} header pointing to the list, you probably want to set | |
5585 | the @code{broken-reply-to} group parameter instead, so things will work | |
5586 | correctly. @xref{Group Parameters}. | |
5587 | ||
5588 | @item S B R | |
5589 | @kindex S B R (Summary) | |
5590 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to-with-original | |
5591 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article and include the | |
5592 | original message but ignore the @code{Reply-To} field | |
5593 | (@code{gnus-summary-reply-broken-reply-to-with-original}). | |
5594 | ||
5595 | @item S o m | |
5596 | @itemx C-c C-f | |
5597 | @kindex S o m (Summary) | |
5598 | @kindex C-c C-f (Summary) | |
5599 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-forward | |
5600 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-forward} | |
5601 | Forward the current article to some other person | |
5602 | (@code{gnus-summary-mail-forward}). If no prefix is given, the message | |
5603 | is forwarded according to the value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}) | |
5604 | and (@code{message-forward-show-mml}); if the prefix is 1, decode the | |
5605 | message and forward directly inline; if the prefix is 2, forward message | |
5606 | as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 3, decode message and | |
5607 | forward as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 4, forward message | |
5608 | directly inline; otherwise, the message is forwarded as no prefix given | |
5609 | but use the flipped value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}). By | |
5610 | default, the message is decoded and forwarded as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} | |
5611 | section. | |
5612 | ||
5613 | @item S m | |
5614 | @itemx m | |
5615 | @kindex m (Summary) | |
5616 | @kindex S m (Summary) | |
5617 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-other-window | |
5618 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-originate} | |
5619 | Prepare a mail (@code{gnus-summary-mail-other-window}). By default, use | |
5620 | the posting style of the current group. If given a prefix, disable that. | |
5621 | If the prefix is 1, prompt for a group name to find the posting style. | |
5622 | ||
5623 | @item S i | |
5624 | @itemx i | |
5625 | @kindex i (Summary) | |
5626 | @kindex S i (Summary) | |
5627 | @findex gnus-summary-news-other-window | |
5628 | Prepare a news (@code{gnus-summary-news-other-window}). By default, | |
5629 | post to the current group. If given a prefix, disable that. If the | |
5630 | prefix is 1, prompt for a group to post to. | |
5631 | ||
5632 | This function actually prepares a news even when using mail groups. | |
5633 | This is useful for ``posting'' messages to mail groups without actually | |
5634 | sending them over the network: they're just saved directly to the group | |
5635 | in question. The corresponding back end must have a request-post method | |
5636 | for this to work though. | |
5637 | ||
5638 | @item S D b | |
5639 | @kindex S D b (Summary) | |
5640 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-bounced-mail | |
5641 | @cindex bouncing mail | |
5642 | If you have sent a mail, but the mail was bounced back to you for some | |
5643 | reason (wrong address, transient failure), you can use this command to | |
5644 | resend that bounced mail (@code{gnus-summary-resend-bounced-mail}). You | |
5645 | will be popped into a mail buffer where you can edit the headers before | |
5646 | sending the mail off again. If you give a prefix to this command, and | |
5647 | the bounced mail is a reply to some other mail, Gnus will try to fetch | |
5648 | that mail and display it for easy perusal of its headers. This might | |
5649 | very well fail, though. | |
5650 | ||
5651 | @item S D r | |
5652 | @kindex S D r (Summary) | |
5653 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-message | |
5654 | Not to be confused with the previous command, | |
5655 | @code{gnus-summary-resend-message} will prompt you for an address to | |
5656 | send the current message off to, and then send it to that place. The | |
5657 | headers of the message won't be altered---but lots of headers that say | |
5658 | @code{Resent-To}, @code{Resent-From} and so on will be added. This | |
5659 | means that you actually send a mail to someone that has a @code{To} | |
5660 | header that (probably) points to yourself. This will confuse people. | |
5661 | So, natcherly you'll only do that if you're really eVIl. | |
5662 | ||
5663 | This command is mainly used if you have several accounts and want to | |
5664 | ship a mail to a different account of yours. (If you're both | |
5665 | @code{root} and @code{postmaster} and get a mail for @code{postmaster} | |
5666 | to the @code{root} account, you may want to resend it to | |
5667 | @code{postmaster}. Ordnung muss sein! | |
5668 | ||
5669 | This command understands the process/prefix convention | |
5670 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
5671 | ||
5672 | @item S D e | |
5673 | @kindex S D e (Summary) | |
5674 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-message-edit | |
5675 | ||
5676 | Like the previous command, but will allow you to edit the message as | |
5677 | if it were a new message before resending. | |
5678 | ||
5679 | @item S O m | |
5680 | @kindex S O m (Summary) | |
5681 | @findex gnus-uu-digest-mail-forward | |
5682 | Digest the current series (@pxref{Decoding Articles}) and forward the | |
5683 | result using mail (@code{gnus-uu-digest-mail-forward}). This command | |
5684 | uses the process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
5685 | ||
5686 | @item S M-c | |
5687 | @kindex S M-c (Summary) | |
5688 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-crosspost-complaint | |
5689 | @cindex crossposting | |
5690 | @cindex excessive crossposting | |
5691 | Send a complaint about excessive crossposting to the author of the | |
5692 | current article (@code{gnus-summary-mail-crosspost-complaint}). | |
5693 | ||
5694 | @findex gnus-crosspost-complaint | |
5695 | This command is provided as a way to fight back against the current | |
5696 | crossposting pandemic that's sweeping Usenet. It will compose a reply | |
5697 | using the @code{gnus-crosspost-complaint} variable as a preamble. This | |
5698 | command understands the process/prefix convention | |
5699 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}) and will prompt you before sending each mail. | |
5700 | ||
5701 | @end table | |
5702 | ||
5703 | Also @xref{Header Commands, ,Header Commands, message, The Message | |
5704 | Manual}, for more information. | |
5705 | ||
5706 | ||
5707 | @node Summary Post Commands | |
5708 | @subsection Summary Post Commands | |
5709 | @cindex post | |
5710 | @cindex composing news | |
5711 | ||
5712 | Commands for posting a news article: | |
5713 | ||
5714 | @table @kbd | |
5715 | @item S p | |
5716 | @itemx a | |
5717 | @kindex a (Summary) | |
5718 | @kindex S p (Summary) | |
5719 | @findex gnus-summary-post-news | |
5720 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-post-news} | |
5721 | Prepare for posting an article (@code{gnus-summary-post-news}). By | |
5722 | default, post to the current group. If given a prefix, disable that. | |
5723 | If the prefix is 1, prompt for another group instead. | |
5724 | ||
5725 | @item S f | |
5726 | @itemx f | |
5727 | @kindex f (Summary) | |
5728 | @kindex S f (Summary) | |
5729 | @findex gnus-summary-followup | |
5730 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-followup} | |
5731 | Post a followup to the current article (@code{gnus-summary-followup}). | |
5732 | ||
5733 | @item S F | |
5734 | @itemx F | |
5735 | @kindex S F (Summary) | |
5736 | @kindex F (Summary) | |
5737 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-followup-with-original} | |
5738 | @findex gnus-summary-followup-with-original | |
5739 | Post a followup to the current article and include the original message | |
5740 | (@code{gnus-summary-followup-with-original}). This command uses the | |
5741 | process/prefix convention. | |
5742 | ||
5743 | @item S n | |
5744 | @kindex S n (Summary) | |
5745 | @findex gnus-summary-followup-to-mail | |
5746 | Post a followup to the current article via news, even if you got the | |
5747 | message through mail (@code{gnus-summary-followup-to-mail}). | |
5748 | ||
5749 | @item S N | |
5750 | @kindex S N (Summary) | |
5751 | @findex gnus-summary-followup-to-mail-with-original | |
5752 | Post a followup to the current article via news, even if you got the | |
5753 | message through mail and include the original message | |
5754 | (@code{gnus-summary-followup-to-mail-with-original}). This command uses | |
5755 | the process/prefix convention. | |
5756 | ||
5757 | @item S o p | |
5758 | @kindex S o p (Summary) | |
5759 | @findex gnus-summary-post-forward | |
5760 | Forward the current article to a newsgroup | |
5761 | (@code{gnus-summary-post-forward}). | |
5762 | If no prefix is given, the message is forwarded according to the value | |
5763 | of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}) and | |
5764 | (@code{message-forward-show-mml}); if the prefix is 1, decode the | |
5765 | message and forward directly inline; if the prefix is 2, forward message | |
5766 | as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 3, decode message and | |
5767 | forward as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section; if the prefix is 4, forward message | |
5768 | directly inline; otherwise, the message is forwarded as no prefix given | |
5769 | but use the flipped value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}). By | |
5770 | default, the message is decoded and forwarded as an rfc822 @acronym{MIME} section. | |
5771 | ||
5772 | @item S O p | |
5773 | @kindex S O p (Summary) | |
5774 | @findex gnus-uu-digest-post-forward | |
5775 | @cindex digests | |
5776 | @cindex making digests | |
5777 | Digest the current series and forward the result to a newsgroup | |
5778 | (@code{gnus-uu-digest-post-forward}). This command uses the | |
5779 | process/prefix convention. | |
5780 | ||
5781 | @item S u | |
5782 | @kindex S u (Summary) | |
5783 | @findex gnus-uu-post-news | |
5784 | @c @icon{gnus-uu-post-news} | |
5785 | Uuencode a file, split it into parts, and post it as a series | |
5786 | (@code{gnus-uu-post-news}). (@pxref{Uuencoding and Posting}). | |
5787 | @end table | |
5788 | ||
5789 | Also @xref{Header Commands, ,Header Commands, message, The Message | |
5790 | Manual}, for more information. | |
5791 | ||
5792 | ||
5793 | @node Summary Message Commands | |
5794 | @subsection Summary Message Commands | |
5795 | ||
5796 | @table @kbd | |
5797 | @item S y | |
5798 | @kindex S y (Summary) | |
5799 | @findex gnus-summary-yank-message | |
5800 | Yank the current article into an already existing Message composition | |
5801 | buffer (@code{gnus-summary-yank-message}). This command prompts for | |
5802 | what message buffer you want to yank into, and understands the | |
5803 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
5804 | ||
5805 | @end table | |
5806 | ||
5807 | ||
5808 | @node Canceling and Superseding | |
5809 | @subsection Canceling Articles | |
5810 | @cindex canceling articles | |
5811 | @cindex superseding articles | |
5812 | ||
5813 | Have you ever written something, and then decided that you really, | |
5814 | really, really wish you hadn't posted that? | |
5815 | ||
5816 | Well, you can't cancel mail, but you can cancel posts. | |
5817 | ||
5818 | @findex gnus-summary-cancel-article | |
5819 | @kindex C (Summary) | |
5820 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-cancel-article} | |
5821 | Find the article you wish to cancel (you can only cancel your own | |
5822 | articles, so don't try any funny stuff). Then press @kbd{C} or @kbd{S | |
5823 | c} (@code{gnus-summary-cancel-article}). Your article will be | |
5824 | canceled---machines all over the world will be deleting your article. | |
5825 | This command uses the process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
5826 | ||
5827 | Be aware, however, that not all sites honor cancels, so your article may | |
5828 | live on here and there, while most sites will delete the article in | |
5829 | question. | |
5830 | ||
5831 | Gnus will use the ``current'' select method when canceling. If you | |
5832 | want to use the standard posting method, use the @samp{a} symbolic | |
5833 | prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}). | |
5834 | ||
5835 | Gnus ensures that only you can cancel your own messages using a | |
5836 | @code{Cancel-Lock} header (@pxref{Canceling News, Canceling News, , | |
5837 | message, Message Manual}). | |
5838 | ||
5839 | If you discover that you have made some mistakes and want to do some | |
5840 | corrections, you can post a @dfn{superseding} article that will replace | |
5841 | your original article. | |
5842 | ||
5843 | @findex gnus-summary-supersede-article | |
5844 | @kindex S (Summary) | |
5845 | Go to the original article and press @kbd{S s} | |
5846 | (@code{gnus-summary-supersede-article}). You will be put in a buffer | |
5847 | where you can edit the article all you want before sending it off the | |
5848 | usual way. | |
5849 | ||
5850 | The same goes for superseding as for canceling, only more so: Some | |
5851 | sites do not honor superseding. On those sites, it will appear that you | |
5852 | have posted almost the same article twice. | |
5853 | ||
5854 | If you have just posted the article, and change your mind right away, | |
5855 | there is a trick you can use to cancel/supersede the article without | |
5856 | waiting for the article to appear on your site first. You simply return | |
5857 | to the post buffer (which is called @code{*sent ...*}). There you will | |
5858 | find the article you just posted, with all the headers intact. Change | |
5859 | the @code{Message-ID} header to a @code{Cancel} or @code{Supersedes} | |
5860 | header by substituting one of those words for the word | |
5861 | @code{Message-ID}. Then just press @kbd{C-c C-c} to send the article as | |
5862 | you would do normally. The previous article will be | |
5863 | canceled/superseded. | |
5864 | ||
5865 | Just remember, kids: There is no 'c' in 'supersede'. | |
5866 | ||
5867 | @node Delayed Articles | |
5868 | @section Delayed Articles | |
5869 | @cindex delayed sending | |
5870 | @cindex send delayed | |
5871 | ||
5872 | Sometimes, you might wish to delay the sending of a message. For | |
5873 | example, you might wish to arrange for a message to turn up just in time | |
5874 | to remind your about the birthday of your Significant Other. For this, | |
5875 | there is the @code{gnus-delay} package. Setup is simple: | |
5876 | ||
5877 | @lisp | |
5878 | (gnus-delay-initialize) | |
5879 | @end lisp | |
5880 | ||
5881 | @findex gnus-delay-article | |
5882 | Normally, to send a message you use the @kbd{C-c C-c} command from | |
5883 | Message mode. To delay a message, use @kbd{C-c C-j} | |
5884 | (@code{gnus-delay-article}) instead. This will ask you for how long the | |
5885 | message should be delayed. Possible answers are: | |
5886 | ||
5887 | @itemize @bullet | |
5888 | @item | |
5889 | A time span. Consists of an integer and a letter. For example, | |
5890 | @code{42d} means to delay for 42 days. Available letters are @code{m} | |
5891 | (minutes), @code{h} (hours), @code{d} (days), @code{w} (weeks), @code{M} | |
5892 | (months) and @code{Y} (years). | |
5893 | ||
5894 | @item | |
5895 | A specific date. Looks like @code{YYYY-MM-DD}. The message will be | |
5896 | delayed until that day, at a specific time (eight o'clock by default). | |
5897 | See also @code{gnus-delay-default-hour}. | |
5898 | ||
5899 | @item | |
5900 | A specific time of day. Given in @code{hh:mm} format, 24h, no am/pm | |
5901 | stuff. The deadline will be at that time today, except if that time has | |
5902 | already passed, then it's at the given time tomorrow. So if it's ten | |
5903 | o'clock in the morning and you specify @code{11:15}, then the deadline | |
5904 | is one hour and fifteen minutes hence. But if you specify @code{9:20}, | |
5905 | that means a time tomorrow. | |
5906 | @end itemize | |
5907 | ||
5908 | The action of the @code{gnus-delay-article} command is influenced by a | |
5909 | couple of variables: | |
5910 | ||
5911 | @table @code | |
5912 | @item gnus-delay-default-hour | |
5913 | @vindex gnus-delay-default-hour | |
5914 | When you specify a specific date, the message will be due on that hour | |
5915 | on the given date. Possible values are integers 0 through 23. | |
5916 | ||
5917 | @item gnus-delay-default-delay | |
5918 | @vindex gnus-delay-default-delay | |
5919 | This is a string and gives the default delay. It can be of any of the | |
5920 | formats described above. | |
5921 | ||
5922 | @item gnus-delay-group | |
5923 | @vindex gnus-delay-group | |
5924 | Delayed articles will be kept in this group on the drafts server until | |
5925 | they are due. You probably don't need to change this. The default | |
5926 | value is @code{"delayed"}. | |
5927 | ||
5928 | @item gnus-delay-header | |
5929 | @vindex gnus-delay-header | |
5930 | The deadline for each article will be stored in a header. This variable | |
5931 | is a string and gives the header name. You probably don't need to | |
5932 | change this. The default value is @code{"X-Gnus-Delayed"}. | |
5933 | @end table | |
5934 | ||
5935 | The way delaying works is like this: when you use the | |
5936 | @code{gnus-delay-article} command, you give a certain delay. Gnus | |
5937 | calculates the deadline of the message and stores it in the | |
5938 | @code{X-Gnus-Delayed} header and puts the message in the | |
5939 | @code{nndraft:delayed} group. | |
5940 | ||
5941 | @findex gnus-delay-send-queue | |
5942 | And whenever you get new news, Gnus looks through the group for articles | |
5943 | which are due and sends them. It uses the @code{gnus-delay-send-queue} | |
5944 | function for this. By default, this function is added to the hook | |
5945 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook}. But of course, you can change this. | |
5946 | Maybe you want to use the demon to send drafts? Just tell the demon to | |
5947 | execute the @code{gnus-delay-send-queue} function. | |
5948 | ||
5949 | @table @code | |
5950 | @item gnus-delay-initialize | |
5951 | @findex gnus-delay-initialize | |
5952 | By default, this function installs @code{gnus-delay-send-queue} in | |
5953 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook}. But it accepts the optional second | |
5954 | argument @code{no-check}. If it is non-@code{nil}, | |
5955 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook} is not changed. The optional first | |
5956 | argument is ignored. | |
5957 | ||
5958 | For example, @code{(gnus-delay-initialize nil t)} means to do nothing. | |
5959 | Presumably, you want to use the demon for sending due delayed articles. | |
5960 | Just don't forget to set that up :-) | |
5961 | @end table | |
5962 | ||
5963 | ||
5964 | @node Marking Articles | |
5965 | @section Marking Articles | |
5966 | @cindex article marking | |
5967 | @cindex article ticking | |
5968 | @cindex marks | |
5969 | ||
5970 | There are several marks you can set on an article. | |
5971 | ||
5972 | You have marks that decide the @dfn{readedness} (whoo, neato-keano | |
5973 | neologism ohoy!) of the article. Alphabetic marks generally mean | |
5974 | @dfn{read}, while non-alphabetic characters generally mean @dfn{unread}. | |
5975 | ||
5976 | In addition, you also have marks that do not affect readedness. | |
5977 | ||
5978 | @ifinfo | |
5979 | There's a plethora of commands for manipulating these marks. | |
5980 | @end ifinfo | |
5981 | ||
5982 | @menu | |
5983 | * Unread Articles:: Marks for unread articles. | |
5984 | * Read Articles:: Marks for read articles. | |
5985 | * Other Marks:: Marks that do not affect readedness. | |
5986 | * Setting Marks:: How to set and remove marks. | |
5987 | * Generic Marking Commands:: How to customize the marking. | |
5988 | * Setting Process Marks:: How to mark articles for later processing. | |
5989 | @end menu | |
5990 | ||
5991 | ||
5992 | @node Unread Articles | |
5993 | @subsection Unread Articles | |
5994 | ||
5995 | The following marks mark articles as (kinda) unread, in one form or | |
5996 | other. | |
5997 | ||
5998 | @table @samp | |
5999 | @item ! | |
6000 | @vindex gnus-ticked-mark | |
6001 | Marked as ticked (@code{gnus-ticked-mark}). | |
6002 | ||
6003 | @dfn{Ticked articles} are articles that will remain visible always. If | |
6004 | you see an article that you find interesting, or you want to put off | |
6005 | reading it, or replying to it, until sometime later, you'd typically | |
6006 | tick it. However, articles can be expired (from news servers by the | |
6007 | news server software, Gnus itself never expires ticked messages), so if | |
6008 | you want to keep an article forever, you'll have to make it persistent | |
6009 | (@pxref{Persistent Articles}). | |
6010 | ||
6011 | @item ? | |
6012 | @vindex gnus-dormant-mark | |
6013 | Marked as dormant (@code{gnus-dormant-mark}). | |
6014 | ||
6015 | @dfn{Dormant articles} will only appear in the summary buffer if there | |
6016 | are followups to it. If you want to see them even if they don't have | |
6017 | followups, you can use the @kbd{/ D} command (@pxref{Limiting}). | |
6018 | Otherwise (except for the visibility issue), they are just like ticked | |
6019 | messages. | |
6020 | ||
6021 | @item SPACE | |
6022 | @vindex gnus-unread-mark | |
6023 | Marked as unread (@code{gnus-unread-mark}). | |
6024 | ||
6025 | @dfn{Unread articles} are articles that haven't been read at all yet. | |
6026 | @end table | |
6027 | ||
6028 | ||
6029 | @node Read Articles | |
6030 | @subsection Read Articles | |
6031 | @cindex expirable mark | |
6032 | ||
6033 | All the following marks mark articles as read. | |
6034 | ||
6035 | @table @samp | |
6036 | ||
6037 | @item r | |
6038 | @vindex gnus-del-mark | |
6039 | These are articles that the user has marked as read with the @kbd{d} | |
6040 | command manually, more or less (@code{gnus-del-mark}). | |
6041 | ||
6042 | @item R | |
6043 | @vindex gnus-read-mark | |
6044 | Articles that have actually been read (@code{gnus-read-mark}). | |
6045 | ||
6046 | @item O | |
6047 | @vindex gnus-ancient-mark | |
6048 | Articles that were marked as read in previous sessions and are now | |
6049 | @dfn{old} (@code{gnus-ancient-mark}). | |
6050 | ||
6051 | @item K | |
6052 | @vindex gnus-killed-mark | |
6053 | Marked as killed (@code{gnus-killed-mark}). | |
6054 | ||
6055 | @item X | |
6056 | @vindex gnus-kill-file-mark | |
6057 | Marked as killed by kill files (@code{gnus-kill-file-mark}). | |
6058 | ||
6059 | @item Y | |
6060 | @vindex gnus-low-score-mark | |
6061 | Marked as read by having too low a score (@code{gnus-low-score-mark}). | |
6062 | ||
6063 | @item C | |
6064 | @vindex gnus-catchup-mark | |
6065 | Marked as read by a catchup (@code{gnus-catchup-mark}). | |
6066 | ||
6067 | @item G | |
6068 | @vindex gnus-canceled-mark | |
6069 | Canceled article (@code{gnus-canceled-mark}) | |
6070 | ||
6071 | @item F | |
6072 | @vindex gnus-souped-mark | |
6073 | @sc{soup}ed article (@code{gnus-souped-mark}). @xref{SOUP}. | |
6074 | ||
6075 | @item Q | |
6076 | @vindex gnus-sparse-mark | |
6077 | Sparsely reffed article (@code{gnus-sparse-mark}). @xref{Customizing | |
6078 | Threading}. | |
6079 | ||
6080 | @item M | |
6081 | @vindex gnus-duplicate-mark | |
6082 | Article marked as read by duplicate suppression | |
6083 | (@code{gnus-duplicate-mark}). @xref{Duplicate Suppression}. | |
6084 | ||
6085 | @end table | |
6086 | ||
6087 | All these marks just mean that the article is marked as read, really. | |
6088 | They are interpreted differently when doing adaptive scoring, though. | |
6089 | ||
6090 | One more special mark, though: | |
6091 | ||
6092 | @table @samp | |
6093 | @item E | |
6094 | @vindex gnus-expirable-mark | |
6095 | Marked as expirable (@code{gnus-expirable-mark}). | |
6096 | ||
6097 | Marking articles as @dfn{expirable} (or have them marked as such | |
6098 | automatically) doesn't make much sense in normal groups---a user doesn't | |
6099 | control expiring of news articles, but in mail groups, for instance, | |
6100 | articles marked as @dfn{expirable} can be deleted by Gnus at | |
6101 | any time. | |
6102 | @end table | |
6103 | ||
6104 | ||
6105 | @node Other Marks | |
6106 | @subsection Other Marks | |
6107 | @cindex process mark | |
6108 | @cindex bookmarks | |
6109 | ||
6110 | There are some marks that have nothing to do with whether the article is | |
6111 | read or not. | |
6112 | ||
6113 | @itemize @bullet | |
6114 | ||
6115 | @item | |
6116 | You can set a bookmark in the current article. Say you are reading a | |
6117 | long thesis on cats' urinary tracts, and have to go home for dinner | |
6118 | before you've finished reading the thesis. You can then set a bookmark | |
6119 | in the article, and Gnus will jump to this bookmark the next time it | |
6120 | encounters the article. @xref{Setting Marks}. | |
6121 | ||
6122 | @item | |
6123 | @vindex gnus-replied-mark | |
6124 | All articles that you have replied to or made a followup to (i.e., have | |
6125 | answered) will be marked with an @samp{A} in the second column | |
6126 | (@code{gnus-replied-mark}). | |
6127 | ||
6128 | @item | |
6129 | @vindex gnus-forwarded-mark | |
6130 | All articles that you have forwarded will be marked with an @samp{F} in | |
6131 | the second column (@code{gnus-forwarded-mark}). | |
6132 | ||
6133 | @item | |
6134 | @vindex gnus-cached-mark | |
6135 | Articles stored in the article cache will be marked with an @samp{*} in | |
6136 | the second column (@code{gnus-cached-mark}). @xref{Article Caching}. | |
6137 | ||
6138 | @item | |
6139 | @vindex gnus-saved-mark | |
6140 | Articles ``saved'' (in some manner or other; not necessarily | |
6141 | religiously) are marked with an @samp{S} in the second column | |
6142 | (@code{gnus-saved-mark}). | |
6143 | ||
6144 | @item | |
6145 | @vindex gnus-recent-mark | |
6146 | Articles that according to the server haven't been shown to the user | |
6147 | before are marked with a @samp{N} in the second column | |
6148 | (@code{gnus-recent-mark}). Note that not all servers support this | |
6149 | mark, in which case it simply never appears. Compare with | |
6150 | @code{gnus-unseen-mark}. | |
6151 | ||
6152 | @item | |
6153 | @vindex gnus-unseen-mark | |
6154 | Articles that haven't been seen before in Gnus by the user are marked | |
6155 | with a @samp{.} in the second column (@code{gnus-unseen-mark}). | |
6156 | Compare with @code{gnus-recent-mark}. | |
6157 | ||
6158 | @item | |
6159 | @vindex gnus-downloaded-mark | |
6160 | When using the Gnus agent (@pxref{Agent Basics}), articles may be | |
6161 | downloaded for unplugged (offline) viewing. If you are using the | |
6162 | @samp{%O} spec, these articles get the @samp{+} mark in that spec. | |
6163 | (The variable @code{gnus-downloaded-mark} controls which character to | |
6164 | use.) | |
6165 | ||
6166 | @item | |
6167 | @vindex gnus-undownloaded-mark | |
6168 | When using the Gnus agent (@pxref{Agent Basics}), some articles might | |
6169 | not have been downloaded. Such articles cannot be viewed while you | |
6170 | are unplugged (offline). If you are using the @samp{%O} spec, these | |
6171 | articles get the @samp{-} mark in that spec. (The variable | |
6172 | @code{gnus-undownloaded-mark} controls which character to use.) | |
6173 | ||
6174 | @item | |
6175 | @vindex gnus-downloadable-mark | |
6176 | The Gnus agent (@pxref{Agent Basics}) downloads some articles | |
6177 | automatically, but it is also possible to explicitly mark articles for | |
6178 | download, even if they would not be downloaded automatically. Such | |
6179 | explicitly-marked articles get the @samp{%} mark in the first column. | |
6180 | (The variable @code{gnus-downloadable-mark} controls which character to | |
6181 | use.) | |
6182 | ||
6183 | @item | |
6184 | @vindex gnus-not-empty-thread-mark | |
6185 | @vindex gnus-empty-thread-mark | |
6186 | If the @samp{%e} spec is used, the presence of threads or not will be | |
6187 | marked with @code{gnus-not-empty-thread-mark} and | |
6188 | @code{gnus-empty-thread-mark} in the third column, respectively. | |
6189 | ||
6190 | @item | |
6191 | @vindex gnus-process-mark | |
6192 | Finally we have the @dfn{process mark} (@code{gnus-process-mark}). A | |
6193 | variety of commands react to the presence of the process mark. For | |
6194 | instance, @kbd{X u} (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu}) will uudecode and view | |
6195 | all articles that have been marked with the process mark. Articles | |
6196 | marked with the process mark have a @samp{#} in the second column. | |
6197 | ||
6198 | @end itemize | |
6199 | ||
6200 | You might have noticed that most of these ``non-readedness'' marks | |
6201 | appear in the second column by default. So if you have a cached, saved, | |
6202 | replied article that you have process-marked, what will that look like? | |
6203 | ||
6204 | Nothing much. The precedence rules go as follows: process -> cache -> | |
6205 | replied -> saved. So if the article is in the cache and is replied, | |
6206 | you'll only see the cache mark and not the replied mark. | |
6207 | ||
6208 | ||
6209 | @node Setting Marks | |
6210 | @subsection Setting Marks | |
6211 | @cindex setting marks | |
6212 | ||
6213 | All the marking commands understand the numeric prefix. | |
6214 | ||
6215 | @table @kbd | |
6216 | @item M c | |
6217 | @itemx M-u | |
6218 | @kindex M c (Summary) | |
6219 | @kindex M-u (Summary) | |
6220 | @findex gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward | |
6221 | @cindex mark as unread | |
6222 | Clear all readedness-marks from the current article | |
6223 | (@code{gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward}). In other words, mark the | |
6224 | article as unread. | |
6225 | ||
6226 | @item M t | |
6227 | @itemx ! | |
6228 | @kindex ! (Summary) | |
6229 | @kindex M t (Summary) | |
6230 | @findex gnus-summary-tick-article-forward | |
6231 | Tick the current article (@code{gnus-summary-tick-article-forward}). | |
6232 | @xref{Article Caching}. | |
6233 | ||
6234 | @item M ? | |
6235 | @itemx ? | |
6236 | @kindex ? (Summary) | |
6237 | @kindex M ? (Summary) | |
6238 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant | |
6239 | Mark the current article as dormant | |
6240 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant}). @xref{Article Caching}. | |
6241 | ||
6242 | @item M d | |
6243 | @itemx d | |
6244 | @kindex M d (Summary) | |
6245 | @kindex d (Summary) | |
6246 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward | |
6247 | Mark the current article as read | |
6248 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward}). | |
6249 | ||
6250 | @item D | |
6251 | @kindex D (Summary) | |
6252 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward | |
6253 | Mark the current article as read and move point to the previous line | |
6254 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward}). | |
6255 | ||
6256 | @item M k | |
6257 | @itemx k | |
6258 | @kindex k (Summary) | |
6259 | @kindex M k (Summary) | |
6260 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select | |
6261 | Mark all articles that have the same subject as the current one as read, | |
6262 | and then select the next unread article | |
6263 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select}). | |
6264 | ||
6265 | @item M K | |
6266 | @itemx C-k | |
6267 | @kindex M K (Summary) | |
6268 | @kindex C-k (Summary) | |
6269 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-same-subject | |
6270 | Mark all articles that have the same subject as the current one as read | |
6271 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-same-subject}). | |
6272 | ||
6273 | @item M C | |
6274 | @kindex M C (Summary) | |
6275 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup | |
6276 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-catchup} | |
6277 | Mark all unread articles as read (@code{gnus-summary-catchup}). | |
6278 | ||
6279 | @item M C-c | |
6280 | @kindex M C-c (Summary) | |
6281 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-all | |
6282 | Mark all articles in the group as read---even the ticked and dormant | |
6283 | articles (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-all}). | |
6284 | ||
6285 | @item M H | |
6286 | @kindex M H (Summary) | |
6287 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-to-here | |
6288 | Catchup the current group to point (before the point) | |
6289 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-to-here}). | |
6290 | ||
6291 | @item M h | |
6292 | @kindex M h (Summary) | |
6293 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-from-here | |
6294 | Catchup the current group from point (after the point) | |
6295 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-from-here}). | |
6296 | ||
6297 | @item C-w | |
6298 | @kindex C-w (Summary) | |
6299 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-region-as-read | |
6300 | Mark all articles between point and mark as read | |
6301 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-region-as-read}). | |
6302 | ||
6303 | @item M V k | |
6304 | @kindex M V k (Summary) | |
6305 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-below | |
6306 | Kill all articles with scores below the default score (or below the | |
6307 | numeric prefix) (@code{gnus-summary-kill-below}). | |
6308 | ||
6309 | @item M e | |
6310 | @itemx E | |
6311 | @kindex M e (Summary) | |
6312 | @kindex E (Summary) | |
6313 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable | |
6314 | Mark the current article as expirable | |
6315 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable}). | |
6316 | ||
6317 | @item M b | |
6318 | @kindex M b (Summary) | |
6319 | @findex gnus-summary-set-bookmark | |
6320 | Set a bookmark in the current article | |
6321 | (@code{gnus-summary-set-bookmark}). | |
6322 | ||
6323 | @item M B | |
6324 | @kindex M B (Summary) | |
6325 | @findex gnus-summary-remove-bookmark | |
6326 | Remove the bookmark from the current article | |
6327 | (@code{gnus-summary-remove-bookmark}). | |
6328 | ||
6329 | @item M V c | |
6330 | @kindex M V c (Summary) | |
6331 | @findex gnus-summary-clear-above | |
6332 | Clear all marks from articles with scores over the default score (or | |
6333 | over the numeric prefix) (@code{gnus-summary-clear-above}). | |
6334 | ||
6335 | @item M V u | |
6336 | @kindex M V u (Summary) | |
6337 | @findex gnus-summary-tick-above | |
6338 | Tick all articles with scores over the default score (or over the | |
6339 | numeric prefix) (@code{gnus-summary-tick-above}). | |
6340 | ||
6341 | @item M V m | |
6342 | @kindex M V m (Summary) | |
6343 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-above | |
6344 | Prompt for a mark, and mark all articles with scores over the default | |
6345 | score (or over the numeric prefix) with this mark | |
6346 | (@code{gnus-summary-clear-above}). | |
6347 | @end table | |
6348 | ||
6349 | @vindex gnus-summary-goto-unread | |
6350 | The @code{gnus-summary-goto-unread} variable controls what action should | |
6351 | be taken after setting a mark. If non-@code{nil}, point will move to | |
6352 | the next/previous unread article. If @code{nil}, point will just move | |
6353 | one line up or down. As a special case, if this variable is | |
6354 | @code{never}, all the marking commands as well as other commands (like | |
6355 | @kbd{SPACE}) will move to the next article, whether it is unread or not. | |
6356 | The default is @code{t}. | |
6357 | ||
6358 | ||
6359 | @node Generic Marking Commands | |
6360 | @subsection Generic Marking Commands | |
6361 | ||
6362 | Some people would like the command that ticks an article (@kbd{!}) go to | |
6363 | the next article. Others would like it to go to the next unread | |
6364 | article. Yet others would like it to stay on the current article. And | |
6365 | even though I haven't heard of anybody wanting it to go to the | |
6366 | previous (unread) article, I'm sure there are people that want that as | |
6367 | well. | |
6368 | ||
6369 | Multiply these five behaviors with five different marking commands, and | |
6370 | you get a potentially complex set of variable to control what each | |
6371 | command should do. | |
6372 | ||
6373 | To sidestep that mess, Gnus provides commands that do all these | |
6374 | different things. They can be found on the @kbd{M M} map in the summary | |
6375 | buffer. Type @kbd{M M C-h} to see them all---there are too many of them | |
6376 | to list in this manual. | |
6377 | ||
6378 | While you can use these commands directly, most users would prefer | |
6379 | altering the summary mode keymap. For instance, if you would like the | |
6380 | @kbd{!} command to go to the next article instead of the next unread | |
6381 | article, you could say something like: | |
6382 | ||
6383 | @lisp | |
6384 | @group | |
6385 | (add-hook 'gnus-summary-mode-hook 'my-alter-summary-map) | |
6386 | (defun my-alter-summary-map () | |
6387 | (local-set-key "!" 'gnus-summary-put-mark-as-ticked-next)) | |
6388 | @end group | |
6389 | @end lisp | |
6390 | ||
6391 | @noindent | |
6392 | or | |
6393 | ||
6394 | @lisp | |
6395 | (defun my-alter-summary-map () | |
6396 | (local-set-key "!" "MM!n")) | |
6397 | @end lisp | |
6398 | ||
6399 | ||
6400 | @node Setting Process Marks | |
6401 | @subsection Setting Process Marks | |
6402 | @cindex setting process marks | |
6403 | ||
6404 | Process marks are displayed as @code{#} in the summary buffer, and are | |
6405 | used for marking articles in such a way that other commands will | |
6406 | process these articles. For instance, if you process mark four | |
6407 | articles and then use the @kbd{*} command, Gnus will enter these four | |
6408 | articles into the cache. For more information, | |
6409 | @pxref{Process/Prefix}. | |
6410 | ||
6411 | @table @kbd | |
6412 | ||
6413 | @item M P p | |
6414 | @itemx # | |
6415 | @kindex # (Summary) | |
6416 | @kindex M P p (Summary) | |
6417 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-as-processable | |
6418 | Mark the current article with the process mark | |
6419 | (@code{gnus-summary-mark-as-processable}). | |
6420 | @findex gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable | |
6421 | ||
6422 | @item M P u | |
6423 | @itemx M-# | |
6424 | @kindex M P u (Summary) | |
6425 | @kindex M-# (Summary) | |
6426 | Remove the process mark, if any, from the current article | |
6427 | (@code{gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable}). | |
6428 | ||
6429 | @item M P U | |
6430 | @kindex M P U (Summary) | |
6431 | @findex gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable | |
6432 | Remove the process mark from all articles | |
6433 | (@code{gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable}). | |
6434 | ||
6435 | @item M P i | |
6436 | @kindex M P i (Summary) | |
6437 | @findex gnus-uu-invert-processable | |
6438 | Invert the list of process marked articles | |
6439 | (@code{gnus-uu-invert-processable}). | |
6440 | ||
6441 | @item M P R | |
6442 | @kindex M P R (Summary) | |
6443 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-by-regexp | |
6444 | Mark articles that have a @code{Subject} header that matches a regular | |
6445 | expression (@code{gnus-uu-mark-by-regexp}). | |
6446 | ||
6447 | @item M P G | |
6448 | @kindex M P G (Summary) | |
6449 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-by-regexp | |
6450 | Unmark articles that have a @code{Subject} header that matches a regular | |
6451 | expression (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-by-regexp}). | |
6452 | ||
6453 | @item M P r | |
6454 | @kindex M P r (Summary) | |
6455 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-region | |
6456 | Mark articles in region (@code{gnus-uu-mark-region}). | |
6457 | ||
6458 | @item M P g | |
6459 | @kindex M P g (Summary) | |
6460 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-region | |
6461 | Unmark articles in region (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-region}). | |
6462 | ||
6463 | @item M P t | |
6464 | @kindex M P t (Summary) | |
6465 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-thread | |
6466 | Mark all articles in the current (sub)thread | |
6467 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-thread}). | |
6468 | ||
6469 | @item M P T | |
6470 | @kindex M P T (Summary) | |
6471 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-thread | |
6472 | Unmark all articles in the current (sub)thread | |
6473 | (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-thread}). | |
6474 | ||
6475 | @item M P v | |
6476 | @kindex M P v (Summary) | |
6477 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-over | |
6478 | Mark all articles that have a score above the prefix argument | |
6479 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-over}). | |
6480 | ||
6481 | @item M P s | |
6482 | @kindex M P s (Summary) | |
6483 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-series | |
6484 | Mark all articles in the current series (@code{gnus-uu-mark-series}). | |
6485 | ||
6486 | @item M P S | |
6487 | @kindex M P S (Summary) | |
6488 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-sparse | |
6489 | Mark all series that have already had some articles marked | |
6490 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-sparse}). | |
6491 | ||
6492 | @item M P a | |
6493 | @kindex M P a (Summary) | |
6494 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-all | |
6495 | Mark all articles in series order (@code{gnus-uu-mark-all}). | |
6496 | ||
6497 | @item M P b | |
6498 | @kindex M P b (Summary) | |
6499 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-buffer | |
6500 | Mark all articles in the buffer in the order they appear | |
6501 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-buffer}). | |
6502 | ||
6503 | @item M P k | |
6504 | @kindex M P k (Summary) | |
6505 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-process-mark | |
6506 | Push the current process mark set onto the stack and unmark all articles | |
6507 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-process-mark}). | |
6508 | ||
6509 | @item M P y | |
6510 | @kindex M P y (Summary) | |
6511 | @findex gnus-summary-yank-process-mark | |
6512 | Pop the previous process mark set from the stack and restore it | |
6513 | (@code{gnus-summary-yank-process-mark}). | |
6514 | ||
6515 | @item M P w | |
6516 | @kindex M P w (Summary) | |
6517 | @findex gnus-summary-save-process-mark | |
6518 | Push the current process mark set onto the stack | |
6519 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-process-mark}). | |
6520 | ||
6521 | @end table | |
6522 | ||
6523 | Also see the @kbd{&} command in @ref{Searching for Articles}, for how to | |
6524 | set process marks based on article body contents. | |
6525 | ||
6526 | ||
6527 | @node Limiting | |
6528 | @section Limiting | |
6529 | @cindex limiting | |
6530 | ||
6531 | It can be convenient to limit the summary buffer to just show some | |
6532 | subset of the articles currently in the group. The effect most limit | |
6533 | commands have is to remove a few (or many) articles from the summary | |
6534 | buffer. | |
6535 | ||
6536 | All limiting commands work on subsets of the articles already fetched | |
6537 | from the servers. None of these commands query the server for | |
6538 | additional articles. | |
6539 | ||
6540 | @table @kbd | |
6541 | ||
6542 | @item / / | |
6543 | @itemx / s | |
6544 | @kindex / / (Summary) | |
6545 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-subject | |
6546 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some subject | |
6547 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-subject}). If given a prefix, exclude | |
6548 | matching articles. | |
6549 | ||
6550 | @item / a | |
6551 | @kindex / a (Summary) | |
6552 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-author | |
6553 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some author | |
6554 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-author}). If given a prefix, exclude | |
6555 | matching articles. | |
6556 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
6557 | @item / R |
6558 | @kindex / R (Summary) | |
6559 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-recipient | |
6560 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match some recipient | |
6561 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-recipient}). If given a prefix, exclude | |
6562 | matching articles. | |
6563 | ||
6564 | @item / A | |
6565 | @kindex / A (Summary) | |
6566 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-address | |
6567 | Limit the summary buffer to articles in which contents of From, To or Cc | |
6568 | header match a given address (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-address}). If | |
6569 | given a prefix, exclude matching articles. | |
6570 | ||
6571 | @item / S | |
6572 | @kindex / S (Summary) | |
6573 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-singletons | |
6574 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that aren't part of any displayed | |
6575 | threads (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-singletons}). If given a prefix, | |
6576 | limit to articles that are part of displayed threads. | |
6577 | ||
4009494e GM |
6578 | @item / x |
6579 | @kindex / x (Summary) | |
6580 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-extra | |
6581 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that match one of the ``extra'' | |
6582 | headers (@pxref{To From Newsgroups}) | |
6583 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-extra}). If given a prefix, exclude | |
6584 | matching articles. | |
6585 | ||
6586 | @item / u | |
6587 | @itemx x | |
6588 | @kindex / u (Summary) | |
6589 | @kindex x (Summary) | |
6590 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-unread | |
6591 | Limit the summary buffer to articles not marked as read | |
6592 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-unread}). If given a prefix, limit the | |
6593 | buffer to articles strictly unread. This means that ticked and | |
6594 | dormant articles will also be excluded. | |
6595 | ||
6596 | @item / m | |
6597 | @kindex / m (Summary) | |
6598 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-marks | |
6599 | Ask for a mark and then limit to all articles that have been marked | |
6600 | with that mark (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-marks}). | |
6601 | ||
6602 | @item / t | |
6603 | @kindex / t (Summary) | |
6604 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-age | |
6605 | Ask for a number and then limit the summary buffer to articles older than (or equal to) that number of days | |
6606 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-age}). If given a prefix, limit to | |
6607 | articles younger than that number of days. | |
6608 | ||
6609 | @item / n | |
6610 | @kindex / n (Summary) | |
6611 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-articles | |
6612 | With prefix @samp{n}, limit the summary buffer to the next @samp{n} | |
6613 | articles. If not given a prefix, use the process marked articles | |
6614 | instead. (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-articles}). | |
6615 | ||
6616 | @item / w | |
6617 | @kindex / w (Summary) | |
6618 | @findex gnus-summary-pop-limit | |
6619 | Pop the previous limit off the stack and restore it | |
6620 | (@code{gnus-summary-pop-limit}). If given a prefix, pop all limits off | |
6621 | the stack. | |
6622 | ||
6623 | @item / . | |
6624 | @kindex / . (Summary) | |
6625 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-unseen | |
6626 | Limit the summary buffer to the unseen articles | |
6627 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-unseen}). | |
6628 | ||
6629 | @item / v | |
6630 | @kindex / v (Summary) | |
6631 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-score | |
6632 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that have a score at or above some | |
6633 | score (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-score}). | |
6634 | ||
6635 | @item / p | |
6636 | @kindex / p (Summary) | |
6637 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-display-predicate | |
6638 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that satisfy the @code{display} | |
6639 | group parameter predicate | |
6640 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-display-predicate}). @xref{Group | |
6641 | Parameters}, for more on this predicate. | |
6642 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
6643 | @item / r |
6644 | @kindex / r (Summary) | |
6645 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-replied | |
6646 | Limit the summary buffer to replied articles | |
6647 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-replied}). If given a prefix, exclude | |
6648 | replied articles. | |
6649 | ||
4009494e GM |
6650 | @item / E |
6651 | @itemx M S | |
6652 | @kindex M S (Summary) | |
6653 | @kindex / E (Summary) | |
6654 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-expunged | |
6655 | Include all expunged articles in the limit | |
6656 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-include-expunged}). | |
6657 | ||
6658 | @item / D | |
6659 | @kindex / D (Summary) | |
6660 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-dormant | |
6661 | Include all dormant articles in the limit | |
6662 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-include-dormant}). | |
6663 | ||
6664 | @item / * | |
6665 | @kindex / * (Summary) | |
6666 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-cached | |
6667 | Include all cached articles in the limit | |
6668 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-include-cached}). | |
6669 | ||
6670 | @item / d | |
6671 | @kindex / d (Summary) | |
6672 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-exclude-dormant | |
6673 | Exclude all dormant articles from the limit | |
6674 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-exclude-dormant}). | |
6675 | ||
6676 | @item / M | |
6677 | @kindex / M (Summary) | |
6678 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-exclude-marks | |
6679 | Exclude all marked articles (@code{gnus-summary-limit-exclude-marks}). | |
6680 | ||
6681 | @item / T | |
6682 | @kindex / T (Summary) | |
6683 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-include-thread | |
6684 | Include all the articles in the current thread in the limit. | |
6685 | ||
6686 | @item / c | |
6687 | @kindex / c (Summary) | |
6688 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-exclude-childless-dormant | |
6689 | Exclude all dormant articles that have no children from the limit@* | |
6690 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-exclude-childless-dormant}). | |
6691 | ||
6692 | @item / C | |
6693 | @kindex / C (Summary) | |
6694 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-mark-excluded-as-read | |
6695 | Mark all excluded unread articles as read | |
6696 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-mark-excluded-as-read}). If given a prefix, | |
6697 | also mark excluded ticked and dormant articles as read. | |
6698 | ||
6699 | @item / N | |
6700 | @kindex / N (Summary) | |
6701 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-new-articles | |
6702 | Insert all new articles in the summary buffer. It scans for new emails | |
6703 | if @var{back-end}@code{-get-new-mail} is non-@code{nil}. | |
6704 | ||
6705 | @item / o | |
6706 | @kindex / o (Summary) | |
6707 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-old-articles | |
6708 | Insert all old articles in the summary buffer. If given a numbered | |
6709 | prefix, fetch this number of articles. | |
6710 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
6711 | @item / b |
6712 | @kindex / b (Summary) | |
6713 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-bodies | |
6714 | Limit the summary buffer to articles that have bodies that match a | |
6715 | certain regexp (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-bodies}). If given a | |
6716 | prefix, reverse the limit. This command is quite slow since it | |
6717 | requires selecting each article to find the matches. | |
6718 | ||
6719 | @item / h | |
6720 | @kindex / h (Summary) | |
6721 | @findex gnus-summary-limit-to-headers | |
6722 | Like the previous command, only limit to headers instead | |
6723 | (@code{gnus-summary-limit-to-headers}). | |
6724 | ||
4009494e GM |
6725 | @end table |
6726 | ||
6727 | ||
6728 | @node Threading | |
6729 | @section Threading | |
6730 | @cindex threading | |
6731 | @cindex article threading | |
6732 | ||
6733 | Gnus threads articles by default. @dfn{To thread} is to put responses | |
6734 | to articles directly after the articles they respond to---in a | |
6735 | hierarchical fashion. | |
6736 | ||
6737 | Threading is done by looking at the @code{References} headers of the | |
6738 | articles. In a perfect world, this would be enough to build pretty | |
6739 | trees, but unfortunately, the @code{References} header is often broken | |
6740 | or simply missing. Weird news propagation exacerbates the problem, | |
6741 | so one has to employ other heuristics to get pleasing results. A | |
6742 | plethora of approaches exists, as detailed in horrible detail in | |
6743 | @ref{Customizing Threading}. | |
6744 | ||
6745 | First, a quick overview of the concepts: | |
6746 | ||
6747 | @table @dfn | |
6748 | @item root | |
6749 | The top-most article in a thread; the first article in the thread. | |
6750 | ||
6751 | @item thread | |
6752 | A tree-like article structure. | |
6753 | ||
6754 | @item sub-thread | |
6755 | A small(er) section of this tree-like structure. | |
6756 | ||
6757 | @item loose threads | |
6758 | Threads often lose their roots due to article expiry, or due to the root | |
6759 | already having been read in a previous session, and not displayed in the | |
6760 | summary buffer. We then typically have many sub-threads that really | |
6761 | belong to one thread, but are without connecting roots. These are | |
6762 | called loose threads. | |
6763 | ||
6764 | @item thread gathering | |
6765 | An attempt to gather loose threads into bigger threads. | |
6766 | ||
6767 | @item sparse threads | |
6768 | A thread where the missing articles have been ``guessed'' at, and are | |
6769 | displayed as empty lines in the summary buffer. | |
6770 | ||
6771 | @end table | |
6772 | ||
6773 | ||
6774 | @menu | |
6775 | * Customizing Threading:: Variables you can change to affect the threading. | |
6776 | * Thread Commands:: Thread based commands in the summary buffer. | |
6777 | @end menu | |
6778 | ||
6779 | ||
6780 | @node Customizing Threading | |
6781 | @subsection Customizing Threading | |
6782 | @cindex customizing threading | |
6783 | ||
6784 | @menu | |
6785 | * Loose Threads:: How Gnus gathers loose threads into bigger threads. | |
6786 | * Filling In Threads:: Making the threads displayed look fuller. | |
6787 | * More Threading:: Even more variables for fiddling with threads. | |
6788 | * Low-Level Threading:: You thought it was over@dots{} but you were wrong! | |
6789 | @end menu | |
6790 | ||
6791 | ||
6792 | @node Loose Threads | |
6793 | @subsubsection Loose Threads | |
6794 | @cindex < | |
6795 | @cindex > | |
6796 | @cindex loose threads | |
6797 | ||
6798 | @table @code | |
6799 | @item gnus-summary-make-false-root | |
6800 | @vindex gnus-summary-make-false-root | |
6801 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will gather all loose subtrees into one big tree | |
6802 | and create a dummy root at the top. (Wait a minute. Root at the top? | |
6803 | Yup.) Loose subtrees occur when the real root has expired, or you've | |
6804 | read or killed the root in a previous session. | |
6805 | ||
6806 | When there is no real root of a thread, Gnus will have to fudge | |
6807 | something. This variable says what fudging method Gnus should use. | |
6808 | There are four possible values: | |
6809 | ||
6810 | @iftex | |
6811 | @iflatex | |
6812 | \gnusfigure{The Summary Buffer}{390}{ | |
6813 | \put(0,0){\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-adopt,width=7.5cm}} | |
6814 | \put(445,0){\makebox(0,0)[br]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-empty,width=7.5cm}}} | |
6815 | \put(0,400){\makebox(0,0)[tl]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-none,width=7.5cm}}} | |
6816 | \put(445,400){\makebox(0,0)[tr]{\epsfig{figure=ps/summary-dummy,width=7.5cm}}} | |
6817 | } | |
6818 | @end iflatex | |
6819 | @end iftex | |
6820 | ||
6821 | @cindex adopting articles | |
6822 | ||
6823 | @table @code | |
6824 | ||
6825 | @item adopt | |
6826 | Gnus will make the first of the orphaned articles the parent. This | |
6827 | parent will adopt all the other articles. The adopted articles will be | |
6828 | marked as such by pointy brackets (@samp{<>}) instead of the standard | |
6829 | square brackets (@samp{[]}). This is the default method. | |
6830 | ||
6831 | @item dummy | |
6832 | @vindex gnus-summary-dummy-line-format | |
6833 | @vindex gnus-summary-make-false-root-always | |
6834 | Gnus will create a dummy summary line that will pretend to be the | |
6835 | parent. This dummy line does not correspond to any real article, so | |
6836 | selecting it will just select the first real article after the dummy | |
6837 | article. @code{gnus-summary-dummy-line-format} is used to specify the | |
6838 | format of the dummy roots. It accepts only one format spec: @samp{S}, | |
6839 | which is the subject of the article. @xref{Formatting Variables}. | |
6840 | If you want all threads to have a dummy root, even the non-gathered | |
6841 | ones, set @code{gnus-summary-make-false-root-always} to @code{t}. | |
6842 | ||
6843 | @item empty | |
6844 | Gnus won't actually make any article the parent, but simply leave the | |
6845 | subject field of all orphans except the first empty. (Actually, it will | |
6846 | use @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} as the subject (@pxref{Summary | |
6847 | Buffer Format}).) | |
6848 | ||
6849 | @item none | |
6850 | Don't make any article parent at all. Just gather the threads and | |
6851 | display them after one another. | |
6852 | ||
6853 | @item nil | |
6854 | Don't gather loose threads. | |
6855 | @end table | |
6856 | ||
6857 | @item gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit | |
6858 | @vindex gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit | |
6859 | Loose threads are gathered by comparing subjects of articles. If this | |
6860 | variable is @code{nil}, Gnus requires an exact match between the | |
6861 | subjects of the loose threads before gathering them into one big | |
6862 | super-thread. This might be too strict a requirement, what with the | |
6863 | presence of stupid newsreaders that chop off long subject lines. If | |
6864 | you think so, set this variable to, say, 20 to require that only the | |
6865 | first 20 characters of the subjects have to match. If you set this | |
6866 | variable to a really low number, you'll find that Gnus will gather | |
6867 | everything in sight into one thread, which isn't very helpful. | |
6868 | ||
6869 | @cindex fuzzy article gathering | |
6870 | If you set this variable to the special value @code{fuzzy}, Gnus will | |
6871 | use a fuzzy string comparison algorithm on the subjects (@pxref{Fuzzy | |
6872 | Matching}). | |
6873 | ||
6874 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy-regexp | |
6875 | @vindex gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy-regexp | |
6876 | This can either be a regular expression or list of regular expressions | |
6877 | that match strings that will be removed from subjects if fuzzy subject | |
6878 | simplification is used. | |
6879 | ||
6880 | @item gnus-simplify-ignored-prefixes | |
6881 | @vindex gnus-simplify-ignored-prefixes | |
6882 | If you set @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit} to something as low | |
6883 | as 10, you might consider setting this variable to something sensible: | |
6884 | ||
6885 | @c Written by Michael Ernst <mernst@cs.rice.edu> | |
6886 | @lisp | |
6887 | (setq gnus-simplify-ignored-prefixes | |
6888 | (concat | |
6889 | "\\`\\[?\\(" | |
6890 | (mapconcat | |
6891 | 'identity | |
6892 | '("looking" | |
6893 | "wanted" "followup" "summary\\( of\\)?" | |
6894 | "help" "query" "problem" "question" | |
6895 | "answer" "reference" "announce" | |
6896 | "How can I" "How to" "Comparison of" | |
6897 | ;; ... | |
6898 | ) | |
6899 | "\\|") | |
6900 | "\\)\\s *\\(" | |
6901 | (mapconcat 'identity | |
6902 | '("for" "for reference" "with" "about") | |
6903 | "\\|") | |
6904 | "\\)?\\]?:?[ \t]*")) | |
6905 | @end lisp | |
6906 | ||
6907 | All words that match this regexp will be removed before comparing two | |
6908 | subjects. | |
6909 | ||
6910 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-functions | |
6911 | @vindex gnus-simplify-subject-functions | |
6912 | If non-@code{nil}, this variable overrides | |
6913 | @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit}. This variable should be a | |
6914 | list of functions to apply to the @code{Subject} string iteratively to | |
6915 | arrive at the simplified version of the string. | |
6916 | ||
6917 | Useful functions to put in this list include: | |
6918 | ||
6919 | @table @code | |
6920 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-re | |
6921 | @findex gnus-simplify-subject-re | |
6922 | Strip the leading @samp{Re:}. | |
6923 | ||
6924 | @item gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy | |
6925 | @findex gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy | |
6926 | Simplify fuzzily. | |
6927 | ||
6928 | @item gnus-simplify-whitespace | |
6929 | @findex gnus-simplify-whitespace | |
6930 | Remove excessive whitespace. | |
6931 | ||
6932 | @item gnus-simplify-all-whitespace | |
6933 | @findex gnus-simplify-all-whitespace | |
6934 | Remove all whitespace. | |
6935 | @end table | |
6936 | ||
6937 | You may also write your own functions, of course. | |
6938 | ||
6939 | ||
6940 | @item gnus-summary-gather-exclude-subject | |
6941 | @vindex gnus-summary-gather-exclude-subject | |
6942 | Since loose thread gathering is done on subjects only, that might lead | |
6943 | to many false hits, especially with certain common subjects like | |
6944 | @samp{} and @samp{(none)}. To make the situation slightly better, | |
6945 | you can use the regexp @code{gnus-summary-gather-exclude-subject} to say | |
6946 | what subjects should be excluded from the gathering process.@* | |
6947 | The default is @samp{^ *$\\|^(none)$}. | |
6948 | ||
6949 | @item gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
6950 | @vindex gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
6951 | Gnus gathers threads by looking at @code{Subject} headers. This means | |
6952 | that totally unrelated articles may end up in the same ``thread'', which | |
6953 | is confusing. An alternate approach is to look at all the | |
6954 | @code{Message-ID}s in all the @code{References} headers to find matches. | |
6955 | This will ensure that no gathered threads ever include unrelated | |
6956 | articles, but it also means that people who have posted with broken | |
6957 | newsreaders won't be gathered properly. The choice is yours---plague or | |
6958 | cholera: | |
6959 | ||
6960 | @table @code | |
6961 | @item gnus-gather-threads-by-subject | |
6962 | @findex gnus-gather-threads-by-subject | |
6963 | This function is the default gathering function and looks at | |
6964 | @code{Subject}s exclusively. | |
6965 | ||
6966 | @item gnus-gather-threads-by-references | |
6967 | @findex gnus-gather-threads-by-references | |
6968 | This function looks at @code{References} headers exclusively. | |
6969 | @end table | |
6970 | ||
6971 | If you want to test gathering by @code{References}, you could say | |
6972 | something like: | |
6973 | ||
6974 | @lisp | |
6975 | (setq gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
6976 | 'gnus-gather-threads-by-references) | |
6977 | @end lisp | |
6978 | ||
6979 | @end table | |
6980 | ||
6981 | ||
6982 | @node Filling In Threads | |
6983 | @subsubsection Filling In Threads | |
6984 | ||
6985 | @table @code | |
6986 | @item gnus-fetch-old-headers | |
6987 | @vindex gnus-fetch-old-headers | |
6988 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will attempt to build old threads by fetching | |
6989 | more old headers---headers to articles marked as read. If you would | |
6990 | like to display as few summary lines as possible, but still connect as | |
6991 | many loose threads as possible, you should set this variable to | |
6992 | @code{some} or a number. If you set it to a number, no more than that | |
6993 | number of extra old headers will be fetched. In either case, fetching | |
6994 | old headers only works if the back end you are using carries overview | |
6995 | files---this would normally be @code{nntp}, @code{nnspool}, | |
6996 | @code{nnml}, and @code{nnmaildir}. Also remember that if the root of | |
6997 | the thread has been expired by the server, there's not much Gnus can | |
6998 | do about that. | |
6999 | ||
7000 | This variable can also be set to @code{invisible}. This won't have any | |
7001 | visible effects, but is useful if you use the @kbd{A T} command a lot | |
7002 | (@pxref{Finding the Parent}). | |
7003 | ||
7004 | @item gnus-fetch-old-ephemeral-headers | |
7005 | @vindex gnus-fetch-old-ephemeral-headers | |
7006 | Same as @code{gnus-fetch-old-headers}, but only used for ephemeral | |
7007 | newsgroups. | |
7008 | ||
7009 | @item gnus-build-sparse-threads | |
7010 | @vindex gnus-build-sparse-threads | |
7011 | Fetching old headers can be slow. A low-rent similar effect can be | |
7012 | gotten by setting this variable to @code{some}. Gnus will then look at | |
7013 | the complete @code{References} headers of all articles and try to string | |
7014 | together articles that belong in the same thread. This will leave | |
7015 | @dfn{gaps} in the threading display where Gnus guesses that an article | |
7016 | is missing from the thread. (These gaps appear like normal summary | |
7017 | lines. If you select a gap, Gnus will try to fetch the article in | |
7018 | question.) If this variable is @code{t}, Gnus will display all these | |
7019 | ``gaps'' without regard for whether they are useful for completing the | |
7020 | thread or not. Finally, if this variable is @code{more}, Gnus won't cut | |
7021 | off sparse leaf nodes that don't lead anywhere. This variable is | |
7022 | @code{nil} by default. | |
7023 | ||
7024 | @item gnus-read-all-available-headers | |
7025 | @vindex gnus-read-all-available-headers | |
7026 | This is a rather obscure variable that few will find useful. It's | |
7027 | intended for those non-news newsgroups where the back end has to fetch | |
7028 | quite a lot to present the summary buffer, and where it's impossible to | |
7029 | go back to parents of articles. This is mostly the case in the | |
7030 | web-based groups, like the @code{nnultimate} groups. | |
7031 | ||
7032 | If you don't use those, then it's safe to leave this as the default | |
7033 | @code{nil}. If you want to use this variable, it should be a regexp | |
7034 | that matches the group name, or @code{t} for all groups. | |
7035 | ||
7036 | @end table | |
7037 | ||
7038 | ||
7039 | @node More Threading | |
7040 | @subsubsection More Threading | |
7041 | ||
7042 | @table @code | |
7043 | @item gnus-show-threads | |
7044 | @vindex gnus-show-threads | |
7045 | If this variable is @code{nil}, no threading will be done, and all of | |
7046 | the rest of the variables here will have no effect. Turning threading | |
7047 | off will speed group selection up a bit, but it is sure to make reading | |
7048 | slower and more awkward. | |
7049 | ||
7050 | @item gnus-thread-hide-subtree | |
7051 | @vindex gnus-thread-hide-subtree | |
7052 | If non-@code{nil}, all threads will be hidden when the summary buffer is | |
7053 | generated. | |
7054 | ||
7055 | This can also be a predicate specifier (@pxref{Predicate Specifiers}). | |
7056 | Available predicates are @code{gnus-article-unread-p} and | |
7057 | @code{gnus-article-unseen-p}. | |
7058 | ||
7059 | Here's an example: | |
7060 | ||
7061 | @lisp | |
7062 | (setq gnus-thread-hide-subtree | |
7063 | '(or gnus-article-unread-p | |
7064 | gnus-article-unseen-p)) | |
7065 | @end lisp | |
7066 | ||
7067 | (It's a pretty nonsensical example, since all unseen articles are also | |
7068 | unread, but you get my drift.) | |
7069 | ||
7070 | ||
7071 | @item gnus-thread-expunge-below | |
7072 | @vindex gnus-thread-expunge-below | |
7073 | All threads that have a total score (as defined by | |
7074 | @code{gnus-thread-score-function}) less than this number will be | |
7075 | expunged. This variable is @code{nil} by default, which means that no | |
7076 | threads are expunged. | |
7077 | ||
7078 | @item gnus-thread-hide-killed | |
7079 | @vindex gnus-thread-hide-killed | |
7080 | if you kill a thread and this variable is non-@code{nil}, the subtree | |
7081 | will be hidden. | |
7082 | ||
7083 | @item gnus-thread-ignore-subject | |
7084 | @vindex gnus-thread-ignore-subject | |
7085 | Sometimes somebody changes the subject in the middle of a thread. If | |
7086 | this variable is non-@code{nil}, which is the default, the subject | |
7087 | change is ignored. If it is @code{nil}, a change in the subject will | |
7088 | result in a new thread. | |
7089 | ||
7090 | @item gnus-thread-indent-level | |
7091 | @vindex gnus-thread-indent-level | |
7092 | This is a number that says how much each sub-thread should be indented. | |
7093 | The default is 4. | |
7094 | ||
7095 | @item gnus-sort-gathered-threads-function | |
7096 | @vindex gnus-sort-gathered-threads-function | |
7097 | Sometimes, particularly with mailing lists, the order in which mails | |
7098 | arrive locally is not necessarily the same as the order in which they | |
7099 | arrived on the mailing list. Consequently, when sorting sub-threads | |
7100 | using the default @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-number}, responses can end | |
7101 | up appearing before the article to which they are responding to. | |
7102 | Setting this variable to an alternate value | |
7103 | (e.g. @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-date}), in a group's parameters or in an | |
7104 | appropriate hook (e.g. @code{gnus-summary-generate-hook}) can produce a | |
7105 | more logical sub-thread ordering in such instances. | |
7106 | ||
7107 | @end table | |
7108 | ||
7109 | ||
7110 | @node Low-Level Threading | |
7111 | @subsubsection Low-Level Threading | |
7112 | ||
7113 | @table @code | |
7114 | ||
7115 | @item gnus-parse-headers-hook | |
7116 | @vindex gnus-parse-headers-hook | |
7117 | Hook run before parsing any headers. | |
7118 | ||
7119 | @item gnus-alter-header-function | |
7120 | @vindex gnus-alter-header-function | |
7121 | If non-@code{nil}, this function will be called to allow alteration of | |
7122 | article header structures. The function is called with one parameter, | |
7123 | the article header vector, which it may alter in any way. For instance, | |
7124 | if you have a mail-to-news gateway which alters the @code{Message-ID}s | |
7125 | in systematic ways (by adding prefixes and such), you can use this | |
7126 | variable to un-scramble the @code{Message-ID}s so that they are more | |
7127 | meaningful. Here's one example: | |
7128 | ||
7129 | @lisp | |
7130 | (setq gnus-alter-header-function 'my-alter-message-id) | |
7131 | ||
7132 | (defun my-alter-message-id (header) | |
7133 | (let ((id (mail-header-id header))) | |
7134 | (when (string-match | |
7135 | "\\(<[^<>@@]*\\)\\.?cygnus\\..*@@\\([^<>@@]*>\\)" id) | |
7136 | (mail-header-set-id | |
7137 | (concat (match-string 1 id) "@@" (match-string 2 id)) | |
7138 | header)))) | |
7139 | @end lisp | |
7140 | ||
7141 | @end table | |
7142 | ||
7143 | ||
7144 | @node Thread Commands | |
7145 | @subsection Thread Commands | |
7146 | @cindex thread commands | |
7147 | ||
7148 | @table @kbd | |
7149 | ||
7150 | @item T k | |
7151 | @itemx C-M-k | |
7152 | @kindex T k (Summary) | |
7153 | @kindex C-M-k (Summary) | |
7154 | @findex gnus-summary-kill-thread | |
7155 | Mark all articles in the current (sub-)thread as read | |
7156 | (@code{gnus-summary-kill-thread}). If the prefix argument is positive, | |
7157 | remove all marks instead. If the prefix argument is negative, tick | |
7158 | articles instead. | |
7159 | ||
7160 | @item T l | |
7161 | @itemx C-M-l | |
7162 | @kindex T l (Summary) | |
7163 | @kindex C-M-l (Summary) | |
7164 | @findex gnus-summary-lower-thread | |
7165 | Lower the score of the current (sub-)thread | |
7166 | (@code{gnus-summary-lower-thread}). | |
7167 | ||
7168 | @item T i | |
7169 | @kindex T i (Summary) | |
7170 | @findex gnus-summary-raise-thread | |
7171 | Increase the score of the current (sub-)thread | |
7172 | (@code{gnus-summary-raise-thread}). | |
7173 | ||
7174 | @item T # | |
7175 | @kindex T # (Summary) | |
7176 | @findex gnus-uu-mark-thread | |
7177 | Set the process mark on the current (sub-)thread | |
7178 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-thread}). | |
7179 | ||
7180 | @item T M-# | |
7181 | @kindex T M-# (Summary) | |
7182 | @findex gnus-uu-unmark-thread | |
7183 | Remove the process mark from the current (sub-)thread | |
7184 | (@code{gnus-uu-unmark-thread}). | |
7185 | ||
7186 | @item T T | |
7187 | @kindex T T (Summary) | |
7188 | @findex gnus-summary-toggle-threads | |
7189 | Toggle threading (@code{gnus-summary-toggle-threads}). | |
7190 | ||
7191 | @item T s | |
7192 | @kindex T s (Summary) | |
7193 | @findex gnus-summary-show-thread | |
7194 | Expose the (sub-)thread hidden under the current article, if any@* | |
7195 | (@code{gnus-summary-show-thread}). | |
7196 | ||
7197 | @item T h | |
7198 | @kindex T h (Summary) | |
7199 | @findex gnus-summary-hide-thread | |
7200 | Hide the current (sub-)thread (@code{gnus-summary-hide-thread}). | |
7201 | ||
7202 | @item T S | |
7203 | @kindex T S (Summary) | |
7204 | @findex gnus-summary-show-all-threads | |
7205 | Expose all hidden threads (@code{gnus-summary-show-all-threads}). | |
7206 | ||
7207 | @item T H | |
7208 | @kindex T H (Summary) | |
7209 | @findex gnus-summary-hide-all-threads | |
7210 | Hide all threads (@code{gnus-summary-hide-all-threads}). | |
7211 | ||
7212 | @item T t | |
7213 | @kindex T t (Summary) | |
7214 | @findex gnus-summary-rethread-current | |
7215 | Re-thread the current article's thread | |
7216 | (@code{gnus-summary-rethread-current}). This works even when the | |
7217 | summary buffer is otherwise unthreaded. | |
7218 | ||
7219 | @item T ^ | |
7220 | @kindex T ^ (Summary) | |
7221 | @findex gnus-summary-reparent-thread | |
7222 | Make the current article the child of the marked (or previous) article | |
7223 | (@code{gnus-summary-reparent-thread}). | |
7224 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
7225 | @item T M-^ |
7226 | @kindex T M-^ (Summary) | |
7227 | @findex gnus-summary-reparent-children | |
7228 | Make the current article the parent of the marked articles | |
7229 | (@code{gnus-summary-reparent-children}). | |
7230 | ||
4009494e GM |
7231 | @end table |
7232 | ||
7233 | The following commands are thread movement commands. They all | |
7234 | understand the numeric prefix. | |
7235 | ||
7236 | @table @kbd | |
7237 | ||
7238 | @item T n | |
7239 | @kindex T n (Summary) | |
7240 | @itemx C-M-f | |
7241 | @kindex C-M-n (Summary) | |
7242 | @itemx M-down | |
7243 | @kindex M-down (Summary) | |
7244 | @findex gnus-summary-next-thread | |
7245 | Go to the next thread (@code{gnus-summary-next-thread}). | |
7246 | ||
7247 | @item T p | |
7248 | @kindex T p (Summary) | |
7249 | @itemx C-M-b | |
7250 | @kindex C-M-p (Summary) | |
7251 | @itemx M-up | |
7252 | @kindex M-up (Summary) | |
7253 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-thread | |
7254 | Go to the previous thread (@code{gnus-summary-prev-thread}). | |
7255 | ||
7256 | @item T d | |
7257 | @kindex T d (Summary) | |
7258 | @findex gnus-summary-down-thread | |
7259 | Descend the thread (@code{gnus-summary-down-thread}). | |
7260 | ||
7261 | @item T u | |
7262 | @kindex T u (Summary) | |
7263 | @findex gnus-summary-up-thread | |
7264 | Ascend the thread (@code{gnus-summary-up-thread}). | |
7265 | ||
7266 | @item T o | |
7267 | @kindex T o (Summary) | |
7268 | @findex gnus-summary-top-thread | |
7269 | Go to the top of the thread (@code{gnus-summary-top-thread}). | |
7270 | @end table | |
7271 | ||
7272 | @vindex gnus-thread-operation-ignore-subject | |
7273 | If you ignore subject while threading, you'll naturally end up with | |
7274 | threads that have several different subjects in them. If you then issue | |
7275 | a command like @kbd{T k} (@code{gnus-summary-kill-thread}) you might not | |
7276 | wish to kill the entire thread, but just those parts of the thread that | |
7277 | have the same subject as the current article. If you like this idea, | |
7278 | you can fiddle with @code{gnus-thread-operation-ignore-subject}. If it | |
7279 | is non-@code{nil} (which it is by default), subjects will be ignored | |
7280 | when doing thread commands. If this variable is @code{nil}, articles in | |
7281 | the same thread with different subjects will not be included in the | |
7282 | operation in question. If this variable is @code{fuzzy}, only articles | |
7283 | that have subjects fuzzily equal will be included (@pxref{Fuzzy | |
7284 | Matching}). | |
7285 | ||
7286 | ||
7287 | @node Sorting the Summary Buffer | |
7288 | @section Sorting the Summary Buffer | |
7289 | ||
7290 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score | |
7291 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-date | |
7292 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-score | |
7293 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-subject | |
7294 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-author | |
01c52d31 | 7295 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-recipient |
4009494e GM |
7296 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-number |
7297 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-random | |
7298 | @vindex gnus-thread-sort-functions | |
7299 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-number | |
7300 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-date | |
7301 | If you are using a threaded summary display, you can sort the threads by | |
7302 | setting @code{gnus-thread-sort-functions}, which can be either a single | |
7303 | function, a list of functions, or a list containing functions and | |
7304 | @code{(not some-function)} elements. | |
7305 | ||
7306 | By default, sorting is done on article numbers. Ready-made sorting | |
7307 | predicate functions include @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-number}, | |
01c52d31 MB |
7308 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-author}, @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-recipient}, |
7309 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-subject}, | |
7310 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-date}, | |
7311 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-score}, | |
4009494e GM |
7312 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-number}, |
7313 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-date}, | |
7314 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-random} and | |
7315 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score}. | |
7316 | ||
7317 | Each function takes two threads and returns non-@code{nil} if the first | |
7318 | thread should be sorted before the other. Note that sorting really is | |
7319 | normally done by looking only at the roots of each thread. | |
7320 | ||
7321 | If you use more than one function, the primary sort key should be the | |
7322 | last function in the list. You should probably always include | |
7323 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-number} in the list of sorting | |
7324 | functions---preferably first. This will ensure that threads that are | |
7325 | equal with respect to the other sort criteria will be displayed in | |
7326 | ascending article order. | |
7327 | ||
7328 | If you would like to sort by reverse score, then by subject, and finally | |
7329 | by number, you could do something like: | |
7330 | ||
7331 | @lisp | |
7332 | (setq gnus-thread-sort-functions | |
7333 | '(gnus-thread-sort-by-number | |
7334 | gnus-thread-sort-by-subject | |
7335 | (not gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score))) | |
7336 | @end lisp | |
7337 | ||
7338 | The threads that have highest score will be displayed first in the | |
7339 | summary buffer. When threads have the same score, they will be sorted | |
7340 | alphabetically. The threads that have the same score and the same | |
7341 | subject will be sorted by number, which is (normally) the sequence in | |
7342 | which the articles arrived. | |
7343 | ||
7344 | If you want to sort by score and then reverse arrival order, you could | |
7345 | say something like: | |
7346 | ||
7347 | @lisp | |
7348 | (setq gnus-thread-sort-functions | |
01c52d31 | 7349 | '((not gnus-thread-sort-by-number) |
4009494e GM |
7350 | gnus-thread-sort-by-score)) |
7351 | @end lisp | |
7352 | ||
7353 | @vindex gnus-thread-score-function | |
7354 | The function in the @code{gnus-thread-score-function} variable (default | |
7355 | @code{+}) is used for calculating the total score of a thread. Useful | |
7356 | functions might be @code{max}, @code{min}, or squared means, or whatever | |
7357 | tickles your fancy. | |
7358 | ||
7359 | @findex gnus-article-sort-functions | |
7360 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-date | |
7361 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-score | |
7362 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-subject | |
7363 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-author | |
7364 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-random | |
7365 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-number | |
7366 | If you are using an unthreaded display for some strange reason or | |
7367 | other, you have to fiddle with the @code{gnus-article-sort-functions} | |
7368 | variable. It is very similar to the | |
7369 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-functions}, except that it uses slightly | |
7370 | different functions for article comparison. Available sorting | |
7371 | predicate functions are @code{gnus-article-sort-by-number}, | |
7372 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-author}, | |
7373 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-subject}, @code{gnus-article-sort-by-date}, | |
7374 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-random}, and | |
7375 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-score}. | |
7376 | ||
7377 | If you want to sort an unthreaded summary display by subject, you could | |
7378 | say something like: | |
7379 | ||
7380 | @lisp | |
7381 | (setq gnus-article-sort-functions | |
7382 | '(gnus-article-sort-by-number | |
7383 | gnus-article-sort-by-subject)) | |
7384 | @end lisp | |
7385 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
7386 | You can define group specific sorting via @code{gnus-parameters}, |
7387 | @xref{Group Parameters}. | |
4009494e GM |
7388 | |
7389 | ||
7390 | @node Asynchronous Fetching | |
7391 | @section Asynchronous Article Fetching | |
7392 | @cindex asynchronous article fetching | |
7393 | @cindex article pre-fetch | |
7394 | @cindex pre-fetch | |
7395 | ||
7396 | If you read your news from an @acronym{NNTP} server that's far away, the | |
7397 | network latencies may make reading articles a chore. You have to wait | |
7398 | for a while after pressing @kbd{n} to go to the next article before the | |
7399 | article appears. Why can't Gnus just go ahead and fetch the article | |
7400 | while you are reading the previous one? Why not, indeed. | |
7401 | ||
7402 | First, some caveats. There are some pitfalls to using asynchronous | |
7403 | article fetching, especially the way Gnus does it. | |
7404 | ||
7405 | Let's say you are reading article 1, which is short, and article 2 is | |
7406 | quite long, and you are not interested in reading that. Gnus does not | |
7407 | know this, so it goes ahead and fetches article 2. You decide to read | |
7408 | article 3, but since Gnus is in the process of fetching article 2, the | |
7409 | connection is blocked. | |
7410 | ||
7411 | To avoid these situations, Gnus will open two (count 'em two) | |
7412 | connections to the server. Some people may think this isn't a very nice | |
7413 | thing to do, but I don't see any real alternatives. Setting up that | |
7414 | extra connection takes some time, so Gnus startup will be slower. | |
7415 | ||
7416 | Gnus will fetch more articles than you will read. This will mean that | |
7417 | the link between your machine and the @acronym{NNTP} server will become more | |
7418 | loaded than if you didn't use article pre-fetch. The server itself will | |
7419 | also become more loaded---both with the extra article requests, and the | |
7420 | extra connection. | |
7421 | ||
7422 | Ok, so now you know that you shouldn't really use this thing@dots{} unless | |
7423 | you really want to. | |
7424 | ||
7425 | @vindex gnus-asynchronous | |
7426 | Here's how: Set @code{gnus-asynchronous} to @code{t}. The rest should | |
7427 | happen automatically. | |
7428 | ||
7429 | @vindex gnus-use-article-prefetch | |
7430 | You can control how many articles are to be pre-fetched by setting | |
7431 | @code{gnus-use-article-prefetch}. This is 30 by default, which means | |
7432 | that when you read an article in the group, the back end will pre-fetch | |
7433 | the next 30 articles. If this variable is @code{t}, the back end will | |
7434 | pre-fetch all the articles it can without bound. If it is | |
7435 | @code{nil}, no pre-fetching will be done. | |
7436 | ||
7437 | @vindex gnus-async-prefetch-article-p | |
7438 | @findex gnus-async-unread-p | |
7439 | There are probably some articles that you don't want to pre-fetch---read | |
7440 | articles, for instance. The @code{gnus-async-prefetch-article-p} | |
7441 | variable controls whether an article is to be pre-fetched. This | |
7442 | function should return non-@code{nil} when the article in question is | |
7443 | to be pre-fetched. The default is @code{gnus-async-unread-p}, which | |
7444 | returns @code{nil} on read articles. The function is called with an | |
7445 | article data structure as the only parameter. | |
7446 | ||
7447 | If, for instance, you wish to pre-fetch only unread articles shorter | |
7448 | than 100 lines, you could say something like: | |
7449 | ||
7450 | @lisp | |
7451 | (defun my-async-short-unread-p (data) | |
7452 | "Return non-nil for short, unread articles." | |
7453 | (and (gnus-data-unread-p data) | |
7454 | (< (mail-header-lines (gnus-data-header data)) | |
7455 | 100))) | |
7456 | ||
7457 | (setq gnus-async-prefetch-article-p 'my-async-short-unread-p) | |
7458 | @end lisp | |
7459 | ||
7460 | These functions will be called many, many times, so they should | |
7461 | preferably be short and sweet to avoid slowing down Gnus too much. | |
7462 | It's probably a good idea to byte-compile things like this. | |
7463 | ||
7464 | @vindex gnus-prefetched-article-deletion-strategy | |
7465 | Articles have to be removed from the asynch buffer sooner or later. The | |
7466 | @code{gnus-prefetched-article-deletion-strategy} says when to remove | |
7467 | articles. This is a list that may contain the following elements: | |
7468 | ||
7469 | @table @code | |
7470 | @item read | |
7471 | Remove articles when they are read. | |
7472 | ||
7473 | @item exit | |
7474 | Remove articles when exiting the group. | |
7475 | @end table | |
7476 | ||
7477 | The default value is @code{(read exit)}. | |
7478 | ||
7479 | @c @vindex gnus-use-header-prefetch | |
7480 | @c If @code{gnus-use-header-prefetch} is non-@code{nil}, prefetch articles | |
7481 | @c from the next group. | |
7482 | ||
7483 | ||
7484 | @node Article Caching | |
7485 | @section Article Caching | |
7486 | @cindex article caching | |
7487 | @cindex caching | |
7488 | ||
7489 | If you have an @emph{extremely} slow @acronym{NNTP} connection, you may | |
7490 | consider turning article caching on. Each article will then be stored | |
7491 | locally under your home directory. As you may surmise, this could | |
7492 | potentially use @emph{huge} amounts of disk space, as well as eat up all | |
7493 | your inodes so fast it will make your head swim. In vodka. | |
7494 | ||
7495 | Used carefully, though, it could be just an easier way to save articles. | |
7496 | ||
7497 | @vindex gnus-use-long-file-name | |
7498 | @vindex gnus-cache-directory | |
7499 | @vindex gnus-use-cache | |
7500 | To turn caching on, set @code{gnus-use-cache} to @code{t}. By default, | |
7501 | all articles ticked or marked as dormant will then be copied | |
7502 | over to your local cache (@code{gnus-cache-directory}). Whether this | |
7503 | cache is flat or hierarchical is controlled by the | |
7504 | @code{gnus-use-long-file-name} variable, as usual. | |
7505 | ||
7506 | When re-selecting a ticked or dormant article, it will be fetched from the | |
7507 | cache instead of from the server. As articles in your cache will never | |
7508 | expire, this might serve as a method of saving articles while still | |
7509 | keeping them where they belong. Just mark all articles you want to save | |
7510 | as dormant, and don't worry. | |
7511 | ||
7512 | When an article is marked as read, is it removed from the cache. | |
7513 | ||
7514 | @vindex gnus-cache-remove-articles | |
7515 | @vindex gnus-cache-enter-articles | |
7516 | The entering/removal of articles from the cache is controlled by the | |
7517 | @code{gnus-cache-enter-articles} and @code{gnus-cache-remove-articles} | |
7518 | variables. Both are lists of symbols. The first is @code{(ticked | |
7519 | dormant)} by default, meaning that ticked and dormant articles will be | |
7520 | put in the cache. The latter is @code{(read)} by default, meaning that | |
7521 | articles marked as read are removed from the cache. Possibly | |
7522 | symbols in these two lists are @code{ticked}, @code{dormant}, | |
7523 | @code{unread} and @code{read}. | |
7524 | ||
7525 | @findex gnus-jog-cache | |
7526 | So where does the massive article-fetching and storing come into the | |
7527 | picture? The @code{gnus-jog-cache} command will go through all | |
7528 | subscribed newsgroups, request all unread articles, score them, and | |
7529 | store them in the cache. You should only ever, ever ever ever, use this | |
7530 | command if 1) your connection to the @acronym{NNTP} server is really, really, | |
7531 | really slow and 2) you have a really, really, really huge disk. | |
7532 | Seriously. One way to cut down on the number of articles downloaded is | |
7533 | to score unwanted articles down and have them marked as read. They will | |
7534 | not then be downloaded by this command. | |
7535 | ||
7536 | @vindex gnus-uncacheable-groups | |
7537 | @vindex gnus-cacheable-groups | |
7538 | It is likely that you do not want caching on all groups. For instance, | |
7539 | if your @code{nnml} mail is located under your home directory, it makes no | |
7540 | sense to cache it somewhere else under your home directory. Unless you | |
7541 | feel that it's neat to use twice as much space. | |
7542 | ||
7543 | To limit the caching, you could set @code{gnus-cacheable-groups} to a | |
7544 | regexp of groups to cache, @samp{^nntp} for instance, or set the | |
7545 | @code{gnus-uncacheable-groups} regexp to @samp{^nnml}, for instance. | |
7546 | Both variables are @code{nil} by default. If a group matches both | |
7547 | variables, the group is not cached. | |
7548 | ||
7549 | @findex gnus-cache-generate-nov-databases | |
7550 | @findex gnus-cache-generate-active | |
7551 | @vindex gnus-cache-active-file | |
7552 | The cache stores information on what articles it contains in its active | |
7553 | file (@code{gnus-cache-active-file}). If this file (or any other parts | |
7554 | of the cache) becomes all messed up for some reason or other, Gnus | |
7555 | offers two functions that will try to set things right. @kbd{M-x | |
7556 | gnus-cache-generate-nov-databases} will (re)build all the @acronym{NOV} | |
7557 | files, and @kbd{gnus-cache-generate-active} will (re)generate the active | |
7558 | file. | |
7559 | ||
7560 | @findex gnus-cache-move-cache | |
7561 | @code{gnus-cache-move-cache} will move your whole | |
7562 | @code{gnus-cache-directory} to some other location. You get asked to | |
7563 | where, isn't that cool? | |
7564 | ||
7565 | @node Persistent Articles | |
7566 | @section Persistent Articles | |
7567 | @cindex persistent articles | |
7568 | ||
7569 | Closely related to article caching, we have @dfn{persistent articles}. | |
7570 | In fact, it's just a different way of looking at caching, and much more | |
7571 | useful in my opinion. | |
7572 | ||
7573 | Say you're reading a newsgroup, and you happen on to some valuable gem | |
7574 | that you want to keep and treasure forever. You'd normally just save it | |
7575 | (using one of the many saving commands) in some file. The problem with | |
7576 | that is that it's just, well, yucky. Ideally you'd prefer just having | |
7577 | the article remain in the group where you found it forever; untouched by | |
7578 | the expiry going on at the news server. | |
7579 | ||
7580 | This is what a @dfn{persistent article} is---an article that just won't | |
7581 | be deleted. It's implemented using the normal cache functions, but | |
7582 | you use two explicit commands for managing persistent articles: | |
7583 | ||
7584 | @table @kbd | |
7585 | ||
7586 | @item * | |
7587 | @kindex * (Summary) | |
7588 | @findex gnus-cache-enter-article | |
7589 | Make the current article persistent (@code{gnus-cache-enter-article}). | |
7590 | ||
7591 | @item M-* | |
7592 | @kindex M-* (Summary) | |
7593 | @findex gnus-cache-remove-article | |
7594 | Remove the current article from the persistent articles | |
7595 | (@code{gnus-cache-remove-article}). This will normally delete the | |
7596 | article. | |
7597 | @end table | |
7598 | ||
7599 | Both these commands understand the process/prefix convention. | |
7600 | ||
7601 | To avoid having all ticked articles (and stuff) entered into the cache, | |
7602 | you should set @code{gnus-use-cache} to @code{passive} if you're just | |
7603 | interested in persistent articles: | |
7604 | ||
7605 | @lisp | |
7606 | (setq gnus-use-cache 'passive) | |
7607 | @end lisp | |
7608 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
7609 | @node Sticky Articles |
7610 | @section Sticky Articles | |
7611 | @cindex sticky articles | |
7612 | ||
7613 | When you select an article the current article buffer will be reused | |
7614 | according to the value of the variable | |
7615 | @code{gnus-single-article-buffer}. If its value is non-@code{nil} (the | |
7616 | default) all articles reuse the same article buffer. Else each group | |
7617 | has its own article buffer. | |
7618 | ||
7619 | This implies that it's not possible to have more than one article buffer | |
7620 | in a group at a time. But sometimes you might want to display all the | |
7621 | latest emails from your mother, your father, your aunt, your uncle and | |
7622 | your 17 cousins to coordinate the next christmas party. | |
7623 | ||
7624 | That's where sticky articles come in handy. A sticky article buffer | |
7625 | basically is a normal article buffer, but it won't be reused when you | |
7626 | select another article. You can make an article sticky with: | |
7627 | ||
7628 | @table @kbd | |
7629 | @item A S | |
7630 | @kindex A S (Summary) | |
7631 | @findex gnus-sticky-article | |
7632 | Make the current article sticky. If a prefix arg is given, ask for a | |
7633 | name for this sticky article buffer. | |
7634 | @end table | |
7635 | ||
7636 | To close a sticky article buffer you can use these commands: | |
7637 | ||
7638 | @table @kbd | |
7639 | @item q | |
7640 | @kindex q (Article) | |
7641 | @findex bury-buffer | |
7642 | Puts this sticky article buffer at the end of the list of all buffers. | |
7643 | ||
7644 | @item k | |
7645 | @kindex k (Article) | |
7646 | @findex gnus-kill-sticky-article-buffer | |
7647 | Kills this sticky article buffer. | |
7648 | @end table | |
7649 | ||
7650 | To kill all sticky article buffers you can use: | |
7651 | ||
7652 | @defun gnus-kill-sticky-article-buffers ARG | |
7653 | Kill all sticky article buffers. | |
7654 | If a prefix ARG is given, ask for confirmation. | |
7655 | @end defun | |
4009494e GM |
7656 | |
7657 | @node Article Backlog | |
7658 | @section Article Backlog | |
7659 | @cindex backlog | |
7660 | @cindex article backlog | |
7661 | ||
7662 | If you have a slow connection, but the idea of using caching seems | |
7663 | unappealing to you (and it is, really), you can help the situation some | |
7664 | by switching on the @dfn{backlog}. This is where Gnus will buffer | |
7665 | already read articles so that it doesn't have to re-fetch articles | |
7666 | you've already read. This only helps if you are in the habit of | |
7667 | re-selecting articles you've recently read, of course. If you never do | |
7668 | that, turning the backlog on will slow Gnus down a little bit, and | |
7669 | increase memory usage some. | |
7670 | ||
7671 | @vindex gnus-keep-backlog | |
7672 | If you set @code{gnus-keep-backlog} to a number @var{n}, Gnus will store | |
7673 | at most @var{n} old articles in a buffer for later re-fetching. If this | |
7674 | variable is non-@code{nil} and is not a number, Gnus will store | |
7675 | @emph{all} read articles, which means that your Emacs will grow without | |
7676 | bound before exploding and taking your machine down with you. I put | |
7677 | that in there just to keep y'all on your toes. | |
7678 | ||
7679 | The default value is 20. | |
7680 | ||
7681 | ||
7682 | @node Saving Articles | |
7683 | @section Saving Articles | |
7684 | @cindex saving articles | |
7685 | ||
7686 | Gnus can save articles in a number of ways. Below is the documentation | |
7687 | for saving articles in a fairly straight-forward fashion (i.e., little | |
7688 | processing of the article is done before it is saved). For a different | |
7689 | approach (uudecoding, unsharing) you should use @code{gnus-uu} | |
7690 | (@pxref{Decoding Articles}). | |
7691 | ||
7692 | For the commands listed here, the target is a file. If you want to | |
7693 | save to a group, see the @kbd{B c} (@code{gnus-summary-copy-article}) | |
7694 | command (@pxref{Mail Group Commands}). | |
7695 | ||
7696 | @vindex gnus-save-all-headers | |
7697 | If @code{gnus-save-all-headers} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will not delete | |
7698 | unwanted headers before saving the article. | |
7699 | ||
7700 | @vindex gnus-saved-headers | |
7701 | If the preceding variable is @code{nil}, all headers that match the | |
7702 | @code{gnus-saved-headers} regexp will be kept, while the rest will be | |
7703 | deleted before saving. | |
7704 | ||
7705 | @table @kbd | |
7706 | ||
7707 | @item O o | |
7708 | @itemx o | |
7709 | @kindex O o (Summary) | |
7710 | @kindex o (Summary) | |
7711 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article | |
7712 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-save-article} | |
7713 | Save the current article using the default article saver | |
7714 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article}). | |
7715 | ||
7716 | @item O m | |
7717 | @kindex O m (Summary) | |
7718 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-mail | |
7719 | Save the current article in a Unix mail box (mbox) file | |
7720 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-mail}). | |
7721 | ||
7722 | @item O r | |
7723 | @kindex O r (Summary) | |
7724 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-rmail | |
7725 | Save the current article in Rmail format | |
7726 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-rmail}). | |
7727 | ||
7728 | @item O f | |
7729 | @kindex O f (Summary) | |
7730 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-file | |
7731 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-save-article-file} | |
7732 | Save the current article in plain file format | |
7733 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-file}). | |
7734 | ||
7735 | @item O F | |
7736 | @kindex O F (Summary) | |
7737 | @findex gnus-summary-write-article-file | |
7738 | Write the current article in plain file format, overwriting any previous | |
7739 | file contents (@code{gnus-summary-write-article-file}). | |
7740 | ||
7741 | @item O b | |
7742 | @kindex O b (Summary) | |
7743 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-body-file | |
7744 | Save the current article body in plain file format | |
7745 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-body-file}). | |
7746 | ||
7747 | @item O h | |
7748 | @kindex O h (Summary) | |
7749 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-folder | |
7750 | Save the current article in mh folder format | |
7751 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-folder}). | |
7752 | ||
7753 | @item O v | |
7754 | @kindex O v (Summary) | |
7755 | @findex gnus-summary-save-article-vm | |
7756 | Save the current article in a VM folder | |
7757 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-article-vm}). | |
7758 | ||
7759 | @item O p | |
7760 | @itemx | | |
7761 | @kindex O p (Summary) | |
7762 | @kindex | (Summary) | |
7763 | @findex gnus-summary-pipe-output | |
7764 | Save the current article in a pipe. Uhm, like, what I mean is---Pipe | |
7765 | the current article to a process (@code{gnus-summary-pipe-output}). | |
7766 | If given a symbolic prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}), include the | |
7767 | complete headers in the piped output. | |
7768 | ||
7769 | @item O P | |
7770 | @kindex O P (Summary) | |
7771 | @findex gnus-summary-muttprint | |
7772 | @vindex gnus-summary-muttprint-program | |
7773 | Save the current article into muttprint. That is, print it using the | |
7774 | external program @uref{http://muttprint.sourceforge.net/, | |
7775 | Muttprint}. The program name and options to use is controlled by the | |
7776 | variable @code{gnus-summary-muttprint-program}. | |
7777 | (@code{gnus-summary-muttprint}). | |
7778 | ||
7779 | @end table | |
7780 | ||
7781 | @vindex gnus-prompt-before-saving | |
7782 | All these commands use the process/prefix convention | |
7783 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). If you save bunches of articles using these | |
7784 | functions, you might get tired of being prompted for files to save each | |
7785 | and every article in. The prompting action is controlled by | |
7786 | the @code{gnus-prompt-before-saving} variable, which is @code{always} by | |
7787 | default, giving you that excessive prompting action you know and | |
7788 | loathe. If you set this variable to @code{t} instead, you'll be prompted | |
7789 | just once for each series of articles you save. If you like to really | |
7790 | have Gnus do all your thinking for you, you can even set this variable | |
7791 | to @code{nil}, which means that you will never be prompted for files to | |
7792 | save articles in. Gnus will simply save all the articles in the default | |
7793 | files. | |
7794 | ||
7795 | ||
7796 | @vindex gnus-default-article-saver | |
7797 | You can customize the @code{gnus-default-article-saver} variable to make | |
7798 | Gnus do what you want it to. You can use any of the eight ready-made | |
7799 | functions below, or you can create your own. | |
7800 | ||
7801 | @table @code | |
7802 | ||
7803 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-rmail | |
7804 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-rmail | |
7805 | @vindex gnus-rmail-save-name | |
7806 | @findex gnus-plain-save-name | |
7807 | This is the default format, @dfn{Babyl}. Uses the function in the | |
7808 | @code{gnus-rmail-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7809 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-plain-save-name}. | |
7810 | ||
7811 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-mail | |
7812 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-mail | |
7813 | @vindex gnus-mail-save-name | |
7814 | Save in a Unix mail (mbox) file. Uses the function in the | |
7815 | @code{gnus-mail-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7816 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-plain-save-name}. | |
7817 | ||
7818 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-file | |
7819 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-file | |
7820 | @vindex gnus-file-save-name | |
7821 | @findex gnus-numeric-save-name | |
7822 | Append the article straight to an ordinary file. Uses the function in | |
7823 | the @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7824 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
7825 | ||
7826 | @item gnus-summary-write-to-file | |
7827 | @findex gnus-summary-write-to-file | |
7828 | Write the article straight to an ordinary file. The file is | |
7829 | overwritten if it exists. Uses the function in the | |
7830 | @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7831 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
7832 | ||
7833 | @item gnus-summary-save-body-in-file | |
7834 | @findex gnus-summary-save-body-in-file | |
7835 | Append the article body to an ordinary file. Uses the function in the | |
7836 | @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7837 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
7838 | ||
7839 | @item gnus-summary-write-body-to-file | |
7840 | @findex gnus-summary-write-body-to-file | |
7841 | Write the article body straight to an ordinary file. The file is | |
7842 | overwritten if it exists. Uses the function in the | |
7843 | @code{gnus-file-save-name} variable to get a file name to save the | |
7844 | article in. The default is @code{gnus-numeric-save-name}. | |
7845 | ||
7846 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-folder | |
7847 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-folder | |
7848 | @findex gnus-folder-save-name | |
7849 | @findex gnus-Folder-save-name | |
7850 | @vindex gnus-folder-save-name | |
7851 | @cindex rcvstore | |
7852 | @cindex MH folders | |
7853 | Save the article to an MH folder using @code{rcvstore} from the MH | |
7854 | library. Uses the function in the @code{gnus-folder-save-name} variable | |
7855 | to get a file name to save the article in. The default is | |
7856 | @code{gnus-folder-save-name}, but you can also use | |
7857 | @code{gnus-Folder-save-name}, which creates capitalized names. | |
7858 | ||
7859 | @item gnus-summary-save-in-vm | |
7860 | @findex gnus-summary-save-in-vm | |
7861 | Save the article in a VM folder. You have to have the VM mail | |
7862 | reader to use this setting. | |
7863 | @end table | |
7864 | ||
7865 | The symbol of each function may have the following properties: | |
7866 | ||
7867 | @table @code | |
7868 | @item :decode | |
7869 | The value non-@code{nil} means save decoded articles. This is | |
7870 | meaningful only with @code{gnus-summary-save-in-file}, | |
7871 | @code{gnus-summary-save-body-in-file}, | |
7872 | @code{gnus-summary-write-to-file}, and | |
7873 | @code{gnus-summary-write-body-to-file}. | |
7874 | ||
7875 | @item :function | |
7876 | The value specifies an alternative function which appends, not | |
7877 | overwrites, articles to a file. This implies that when saving many | |
7878 | articles at a time, @code{gnus-prompt-before-saving} is bound to | |
7879 | @code{t} and all articles are saved in a single file. This is | |
7880 | meaningful only with @code{gnus-summary-write-to-file} and | |
7881 | @code{gnus-summary-write-body-to-file}. | |
7882 | ||
7883 | @item :headers | |
7884 | The value specifies the symbol of a variable of which the value | |
7885 | specifies headers to be saved. If it is omitted, | |
7886 | @code{gnus-save-all-headers} and @code{gnus-saved-headers} control what | |
7887 | headers should be saved. | |
7888 | @end table | |
7889 | ||
7890 | @vindex gnus-article-save-directory | |
7891 | All of these functions, except for the last one, will save the article | |
7892 | in the @code{gnus-article-save-directory}, which is initialized from the | |
7893 | @env{SAVEDIR} environment variable. This is @file{~/News/} by | |
7894 | default. | |
7895 | ||
7896 | As you can see above, the functions use different functions to find a | |
7897 | suitable name of a file to save the article in. Below is a list of | |
7898 | available functions that generate names: | |
7899 | ||
7900 | @table @code | |
7901 | ||
7902 | @item gnus-Numeric-save-name | |
7903 | @findex gnus-Numeric-save-name | |
7904 | File names like @file{~/News/Alt.andrea-dworkin/45}. | |
7905 | ||
7906 | @item gnus-numeric-save-name | |
7907 | @findex gnus-numeric-save-name | |
7908 | File names like @file{~/News/alt.andrea-dworkin/45}. | |
7909 | ||
7910 | @item gnus-Plain-save-name | |
7911 | @findex gnus-Plain-save-name | |
7912 | File names like @file{~/News/Alt.andrea-dworkin}. | |
7913 | ||
7914 | @item gnus-plain-save-name | |
7915 | @findex gnus-plain-save-name | |
7916 | File names like @file{~/News/alt.andrea-dworkin}. | |
7917 | ||
7918 | @item gnus-sender-save-name | |
7919 | @findex gnus-sender-save-name | |
7920 | File names like @file{~/News/larsi}. | |
7921 | @end table | |
7922 | ||
7923 | @vindex gnus-split-methods | |
7924 | You can have Gnus suggest where to save articles by plonking a regexp into | |
7925 | the @code{gnus-split-methods} alist. For instance, if you would like to | |
7926 | save articles related to Gnus in the file @file{gnus-stuff}, and articles | |
7927 | related to VM in @file{vm-stuff}, you could set this variable to something | |
7928 | like: | |
7929 | ||
7930 | @lisp | |
7931 | (("^Subject:.*gnus\\|^Newsgroups:.*gnus" "gnus-stuff") | |
7932 | ("^Subject:.*vm\\|^Xref:.*vm" "vm-stuff") | |
7933 | (my-choosing-function "../other-dir/my-stuff") | |
7934 | ((equal gnus-newsgroup-name "mail.misc") "mail-stuff")) | |
7935 | @end lisp | |
7936 | ||
7937 | We see that this is a list where each element is a list that has two | |
7938 | elements---the @dfn{match} and the @dfn{file}. The match can either be | |
7939 | a string (in which case it is used as a regexp to match on the article | |
7940 | head); it can be a symbol (which will be called as a function with the | |
7941 | group name as a parameter); or it can be a list (which will be | |
7942 | @code{eval}ed). If any of these actions have a non-@code{nil} result, | |
7943 | the @dfn{file} will be used as a default prompt. In addition, the | |
7944 | result of the operation itself will be used if the function or form | |
7945 | called returns a string or a list of strings. | |
7946 | ||
7947 | You basically end up with a list of file names that might be used when | |
7948 | saving the current article. (All ``matches'' will be used.) You will | |
7949 | then be prompted for what you really want to use as a name, with file | |
7950 | name completion over the results from applying this variable. | |
7951 | ||
7952 | This variable is @code{((gnus-article-archive-name))} by default, which | |
7953 | means that Gnus will look at the articles it saves for an | |
7954 | @code{Archive-name} line and use that as a suggestion for the file | |
7955 | name. | |
7956 | ||
7957 | Here's an example function to clean up file names somewhat. If you have | |
7958 | lots of mail groups called things like | |
7959 | @samp{nnml:mail.whatever}, you may want to chop off the beginning of | |
7960 | these group names before creating the file name to save to. The | |
7961 | following will do just that: | |
7962 | ||
7963 | @lisp | |
7964 | (defun my-save-name (group) | |
7965 | (when (string-match "^nnml:mail." group) | |
7966 | (substring group (match-end 0)))) | |
7967 | ||
7968 | (setq gnus-split-methods | |
7969 | '((gnus-article-archive-name) | |
7970 | (my-save-name))) | |
7971 | @end lisp | |
7972 | ||
7973 | ||
7974 | @vindex gnus-use-long-file-name | |
7975 | Finally, you have the @code{gnus-use-long-file-name} variable. If it is | |
7976 | @code{nil}, all the preceding functions will replace all periods | |
7977 | (@samp{.}) in the group names with slashes (@samp{/})---which means that | |
7978 | the functions will generate hierarchies of directories instead of having | |
7979 | all the files in the top level directory | |
7980 | (@file{~/News/alt/andrea-dworkin} instead of | |
7981 | @file{~/News/alt.andrea-dworkin}.) This variable is @code{t} by default | |
7982 | on most systems. However, for historical reasons, this is @code{nil} on | |
7983 | Xenix and usg-unix-v machines by default. | |
7984 | ||
7985 | This function also affects kill and score file names. If this variable | |
7986 | is a list, and the list contains the element @code{not-score}, long file | |
7987 | names will not be used for score files, if it contains the element | |
7988 | @code{not-save}, long file names will not be used for saving, and if it | |
7989 | contains the element @code{not-kill}, long file names will not be used | |
7990 | for kill files. | |
7991 | ||
7992 | If you'd like to save articles in a hierarchy that looks something like | |
7993 | a spool, you could | |
7994 | ||
7995 | @lisp | |
7996 | (setq gnus-use-long-file-name '(not-save)) ; @r{to get a hierarchy} | |
7997 | (setq gnus-default-article-saver | |
7998 | 'gnus-summary-save-in-file) ; @r{no encoding} | |
7999 | @end lisp | |
8000 | ||
8001 | Then just save with @kbd{o}. You'd then read this hierarchy with | |
8002 | ephemeral @code{nneething} groups---@kbd{G D} in the group buffer, and | |
8003 | the top level directory as the argument (@file{~/News/}). Then just walk | |
8004 | around to the groups/directories with @code{nneething}. | |
8005 | ||
8006 | ||
8007 | @node Decoding Articles | |
8008 | @section Decoding Articles | |
8009 | @cindex decoding articles | |
8010 | ||
8011 | Sometime users post articles (or series of articles) that have been | |
8012 | encoded in some way or other. Gnus can decode them for you. | |
8013 | ||
8014 | @menu | |
8015 | * Uuencoded Articles:: Uudecode articles. | |
8016 | * Shell Archives:: Unshar articles. | |
8017 | * PostScript Files:: Split PostScript. | |
8018 | * Other Files:: Plain save and binhex. | |
8019 | * Decoding Variables:: Variables for a happy decoding. | |
8020 | * Viewing Files:: You want to look at the result of the decoding? | |
8021 | @end menu | |
8022 | ||
8023 | @cindex series | |
8024 | @cindex article series | |
8025 | All these functions use the process/prefix convention | |
8026 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}) for finding out what articles to work on, with | |
8027 | the extension that a ``single article'' means ``a single series''. Gnus | |
8028 | can find out by itself what articles belong to a series, decode all the | |
8029 | articles and unpack/view/save the resulting file(s). | |
8030 | ||
8031 | Gnus guesses what articles are in the series according to the following | |
8032 | simplish rule: The subjects must be (nearly) identical, except for the | |
8033 | last two numbers of the line. (Spaces are largely ignored, however.) | |
8034 | ||
8035 | For example: If you choose a subject called @samp{cat.gif (2/3)}, Gnus | |
8036 | will find all the articles that match the regexp @samp{^cat.gif | |
8037 | ([0-9]+/[0-9]+).*$}. | |
8038 | ||
8039 | Subjects that are non-standard, like @samp{cat.gif (2/3) Part 6 of a | |
8040 | series}, will not be properly recognized by any of the automatic viewing | |
8041 | commands, and you have to mark the articles manually with @kbd{#}. | |
8042 | ||
8043 | ||
8044 | @node Uuencoded Articles | |
8045 | @subsection Uuencoded Articles | |
8046 | @cindex uudecode | |
8047 | @cindex uuencoded articles | |
8048 | ||
8049 | @table @kbd | |
8050 | ||
8051 | @item X u | |
8052 | @kindex X u (Summary) | |
8053 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu | |
8054 | @c @icon{gnus-uu-decode-uu} | |
8055 | Uudecodes the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu}). | |
8056 | ||
8057 | @item X U | |
8058 | @kindex X U (Summary) | |
8059 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save | |
8060 | Uudecodes and saves the current series | |
8061 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save}). | |
8062 | ||
8063 | @item X v u | |
8064 | @kindex X v u (Summary) | |
8065 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu-view | |
8066 | Uudecodes and views the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-view}). | |
8067 | ||
8068 | @item X v U | |
8069 | @kindex X v U (Summary) | |
8070 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save-view | |
8071 | Uudecodes, views and saves the current series | |
8072 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save-view}). | |
8073 | ||
8074 | @end table | |
8075 | ||
8076 | Remember that these all react to the presence of articles marked with | |
8077 | the process mark. If, for instance, you'd like to decode and save an | |
8078 | entire newsgroup, you'd typically do @kbd{M P a} | |
8079 | (@code{gnus-uu-mark-all}) and then @kbd{X U} | |
8080 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save}). | |
8081 | ||
8082 | All this is very much different from how @code{gnus-uu} worked with | |
8083 | @sc{gnus 4.1}, where you had explicit keystrokes for everything under | |
8084 | the sun. This version of @code{gnus-uu} generally assumes that you mark | |
8085 | articles in some way (@pxref{Setting Process Marks}) and then press | |
8086 | @kbd{X u}. | |
8087 | ||
8088 | @vindex gnus-uu-notify-files | |
8089 | Note: When trying to decode articles that have names matching | |
8090 | @code{gnus-uu-notify-files}, which is hard-coded to | |
8091 | @samp{[Cc][Ii][Nn][Dd][Yy][0-9]+.\\(gif\\|jpg\\)}, @code{gnus-uu} will | |
8092 | automatically post an article on @samp{comp.unix.wizards} saying that | |
8093 | you have just viewed the file in question. This feature can't be turned | |
8094 | off. | |
8095 | ||
8096 | ||
8097 | @node Shell Archives | |
8098 | @subsection Shell Archives | |
8099 | @cindex unshar | |
8100 | @cindex shell archives | |
8101 | @cindex shared articles | |
8102 | ||
8103 | Shell archives (``shar files'') used to be a popular way to distribute | |
8104 | sources, but it isn't used all that much today. In any case, we have | |
8105 | some commands to deal with these: | |
8106 | ||
8107 | @table @kbd | |
8108 | ||
8109 | @item X s | |
8110 | @kindex X s (Summary) | |
8111 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar | |
8112 | Unshars the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar}). | |
8113 | ||
8114 | @item X S | |
8115 | @kindex X S (Summary) | |
8116 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save | |
8117 | Unshars and saves the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save}). | |
8118 | ||
8119 | @item X v s | |
8120 | @kindex X v s (Summary) | |
8121 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar-view | |
8122 | Unshars and views the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar-view}). | |
8123 | ||
8124 | @item X v S | |
8125 | @kindex X v S (Summary) | |
8126 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save-view | |
8127 | Unshars, views and saves the current series | |
8128 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save-view}). | |
8129 | @end table | |
8130 | ||
8131 | ||
8132 | @node PostScript Files | |
8133 | @subsection PostScript Files | |
8134 | @cindex PostScript | |
8135 | ||
8136 | @table @kbd | |
8137 | ||
8138 | @item X p | |
8139 | @kindex X p (Summary) | |
8140 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript | |
8141 | Unpack the current PostScript series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript}). | |
8142 | ||
8143 | @item X P | |
8144 | @kindex X P (Summary) | |
8145 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save | |
8146 | Unpack and save the current PostScript series | |
8147 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save}). | |
8148 | ||
8149 | @item X v p | |
8150 | @kindex X v p (Summary) | |
8151 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript-view | |
8152 | View the current PostScript series | |
8153 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript-view}). | |
8154 | ||
8155 | @item X v P | |
8156 | @kindex X v P (Summary) | |
8157 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save-view | |
8158 | View and save the current PostScript series | |
8159 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-postscript-and-save-view}). | |
8160 | @end table | |
8161 | ||
8162 | ||
8163 | @node Other Files | |
8164 | @subsection Other Files | |
8165 | ||
8166 | @table @kbd | |
8167 | @item X o | |
8168 | @kindex X o (Summary) | |
8169 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-save | |
8170 | Save the current series | |
8171 | (@code{gnus-uu-decode-save}). | |
8172 | ||
8173 | @item X b | |
8174 | @kindex X b (Summary) | |
8175 | @findex gnus-uu-decode-binhex | |
8176 | Unbinhex the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-binhex}). This | |
8177 | doesn't really work yet. | |
8178 | @end table | |
8179 | ||
8180 | ||
8181 | @node Decoding Variables | |
8182 | @subsection Decoding Variables | |
8183 | ||
8184 | Adjective, not verb. | |
8185 | ||
8186 | @menu | |
8187 | * Rule Variables:: Variables that say how a file is to be viewed. | |
8188 | * Other Decode Variables:: Other decode variables. | |
8189 | * Uuencoding and Posting:: Variables for customizing uuencoding. | |
8190 | @end menu | |
8191 | ||
8192 | ||
8193 | @node Rule Variables | |
8194 | @subsubsection Rule Variables | |
8195 | @cindex rule variables | |
8196 | ||
8197 | Gnus uses @dfn{rule variables} to decide how to view a file. All these | |
8198 | variables are of the form | |
8199 | ||
8200 | @lisp | |
8201 | (list '(regexp1 command2) | |
8202 | '(regexp2 command2) | |
8203 | ...) | |
8204 | @end lisp | |
8205 | ||
8206 | @table @code | |
8207 | ||
8208 | @item gnus-uu-user-view-rules | |
8209 | @vindex gnus-uu-user-view-rules | |
8210 | @cindex sox | |
8211 | This variable is consulted first when viewing files. If you wish to use, | |
8212 | for instance, @code{sox} to convert an @file{.au} sound file, you could | |
8213 | say something like: | |
8214 | @lisp | |
8215 | (setq gnus-uu-user-view-rules | |
8216 | (list '("\\\\.au$" "sox %s -t .aiff > /dev/audio"))) | |
8217 | @end lisp | |
8218 | ||
8219 | @item gnus-uu-user-view-rules-end | |
8220 | @vindex gnus-uu-user-view-rules-end | |
8221 | This variable is consulted if Gnus couldn't make any matches from the | |
8222 | user and default view rules. | |
8223 | ||
8224 | @item gnus-uu-user-archive-rules | |
8225 | @vindex gnus-uu-user-archive-rules | |
8226 | This variable can be used to say what commands should be used to unpack | |
8227 | archives. | |
8228 | @end table | |
8229 | ||
8230 | ||
8231 | @node Other Decode Variables | |
8232 | @subsubsection Other Decode Variables | |
8233 | ||
8234 | @table @code | |
8235 | @vindex gnus-uu-grabbed-file-functions | |
8236 | ||
8237 | @item gnus-uu-grabbed-file-functions | |
8238 | All functions in this list will be called right after each file has been | |
8239 | successfully decoded---so that you can move or view files right away, | |
8240 | and don't have to wait for all files to be decoded before you can do | |
8241 | anything. Ready-made functions you can put in this list are: | |
8242 | ||
8243 | @table @code | |
8244 | ||
8245 | @item gnus-uu-grab-view | |
8246 | @findex gnus-uu-grab-view | |
8247 | View the file. | |
8248 | ||
8249 | @item gnus-uu-grab-move | |
8250 | @findex gnus-uu-grab-move | |
8251 | Move the file (if you're using a saving function.) | |
8252 | @end table | |
8253 | ||
8254 | @item gnus-uu-be-dangerous | |
8255 | @vindex gnus-uu-be-dangerous | |
8256 | Specifies what to do if unusual situations arise during decoding. If | |
8257 | @code{nil}, be as conservative as possible. If @code{t}, ignore things | |
8258 | that didn't work, and overwrite existing files. Otherwise, ask each | |
8259 | time. | |
8260 | ||
8261 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-name | |
8262 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-name | |
8263 | Files with name matching this regular expression won't be viewed. | |
8264 | ||
8265 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-type | |
8266 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-files-by-type | |
8267 | Files with a @acronym{MIME} type matching this variable won't be viewed. | |
8268 | Note that Gnus tries to guess what type the file is based on the name. | |
8269 | @code{gnus-uu} is not a @acronym{MIME} package (yet), so this is slightly | |
8270 | kludgey. | |
8271 | ||
8272 | @item gnus-uu-tmp-dir | |
8273 | @vindex gnus-uu-tmp-dir | |
8274 | Where @code{gnus-uu} does its work. | |
8275 | ||
8276 | @item gnus-uu-do-not-unpack-archives | |
8277 | @vindex gnus-uu-do-not-unpack-archives | |
8278 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} won't peek inside archives | |
8279 | looking for files to display. | |
8280 | ||
8281 | @item gnus-uu-view-and-save | |
8282 | @vindex gnus-uu-view-and-save | |
8283 | Non-@code{nil} means that the user will always be asked to save a file | |
8284 | after viewing it. | |
8285 | ||
8286 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-default-view-rules | |
8287 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-default-view-rules | |
8288 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ignore the default viewing | |
8289 | rules. | |
8290 | ||
8291 | @item gnus-uu-ignore-default-archive-rules | |
8292 | @vindex gnus-uu-ignore-default-archive-rules | |
8293 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ignore the default archive | |
8294 | unpacking commands. | |
8295 | ||
8296 | @item gnus-uu-kill-carriage-return | |
8297 | @vindex gnus-uu-kill-carriage-return | |
8298 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will strip all carriage returns | |
8299 | from articles. | |
8300 | ||
8301 | @item gnus-uu-unmark-articles-not-decoded | |
8302 | @vindex gnus-uu-unmark-articles-not-decoded | |
8303 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will mark unsuccessfully | |
8304 | decoded articles as unread. | |
8305 | ||
8306 | @item gnus-uu-correct-stripped-uucode | |
8307 | @vindex gnus-uu-correct-stripped-uucode | |
8308 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will @emph{try} to fix | |
8309 | uuencoded files that have had trailing spaces deleted. | |
8310 | ||
8311 | @item gnus-uu-pre-uudecode-hook | |
8312 | @vindex gnus-uu-pre-uudecode-hook | |
8313 | Hook run before sending a message to @code{uudecode}. | |
8314 | ||
8315 | @item gnus-uu-view-with-metamail | |
8316 | @vindex gnus-uu-view-with-metamail | |
8317 | @cindex metamail | |
8318 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ignore the viewing | |
8319 | commands defined by the rule variables and just fudge a @acronym{MIME} | |
8320 | content type based on the file name. The result will be fed to | |
8321 | @code{metamail} for viewing. | |
8322 | ||
8323 | @item gnus-uu-save-in-digest | |
8324 | @vindex gnus-uu-save-in-digest | |
8325 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu}, when asked to save without | |
8326 | decoding, will save in digests. If this variable is @code{nil}, | |
8327 | @code{gnus-uu} will just save everything in a file without any | |
8328 | embellishments. The digesting almost conforms to RFC 1153---no easy way | |
8329 | to specify any meaningful volume and issue numbers were found, so I | |
8330 | simply dropped them. | |
8331 | ||
8332 | @end table | |
8333 | ||
8334 | ||
8335 | @node Uuencoding and Posting | |
8336 | @subsubsection Uuencoding and Posting | |
8337 | ||
8338 | @table @code | |
8339 | ||
8340 | @item gnus-uu-post-include-before-composing | |
8341 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-include-before-composing | |
8342 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will ask for a file to encode | |
8343 | before you compose the article. If this variable is @code{t}, you can | |
8344 | either include an encoded file with @kbd{C-c C-i} or have one included | |
8345 | for you when you post the article. | |
8346 | ||
8347 | @item gnus-uu-post-length | |
8348 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-length | |
8349 | Maximum length of an article. The encoded file will be split into how | |
8350 | many articles it takes to post the entire file. | |
8351 | ||
8352 | @item gnus-uu-post-threaded | |
8353 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-threaded | |
8354 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{gnus-uu} will post the encoded file in a | |
8355 | thread. This may not be smart, as no other decoder I have seen is able | |
8356 | to follow threads when collecting uuencoded articles. (Well, I have | |
8357 | seen one package that does that---@code{gnus-uu}, but somehow, I don't | |
8358 | think that counts@dots{}) Default is @code{nil}. | |
8359 | ||
8360 | @item gnus-uu-post-separate-description | |
8361 | @vindex gnus-uu-post-separate-description | |
8362 | Non-@code{nil} means that the description will be posted in a separate | |
8363 | article. The first article will typically be numbered (0/x). If this | |
8364 | variable is @code{nil}, the description the user enters will be included | |
8365 | at the beginning of the first article, which will be numbered (1/x). | |
8366 | Default is @code{t}. | |
8367 | ||
8368 | @end table | |
8369 | ||
8370 | ||
8371 | @node Viewing Files | |
8372 | @subsection Viewing Files | |
8373 | @cindex viewing files | |
8374 | @cindex pseudo-articles | |
8375 | ||
8376 | After decoding, if the file is some sort of archive, Gnus will attempt | |
8377 | to unpack the archive and see if any of the files in the archive can be | |
8378 | viewed. For instance, if you have a gzipped tar file @file{pics.tar.gz} | |
8379 | containing the files @file{pic1.jpg} and @file{pic2.gif}, Gnus will | |
8380 | uncompress and de-tar the main file, and then view the two pictures. | |
8381 | This unpacking process is recursive, so if the archive contains archives | |
8382 | of archives, it'll all be unpacked. | |
8383 | ||
8384 | Finally, Gnus will normally insert a @dfn{pseudo-article} for each | |
8385 | extracted file into the summary buffer. If you go to these | |
8386 | ``articles'', you will be prompted for a command to run (usually Gnus | |
8387 | will make a suggestion), and then the command will be run. | |
8388 | ||
8389 | @vindex gnus-view-pseudo-asynchronously | |
8390 | If @code{gnus-view-pseudo-asynchronously} is @code{nil}, Emacs will wait | |
8391 | until the viewing is done before proceeding. | |
8392 | ||
8393 | @vindex gnus-view-pseudos | |
8394 | If @code{gnus-view-pseudos} is @code{automatic}, Gnus will not insert | |
8395 | the pseudo-articles into the summary buffer, but view them | |
8396 | immediately. If this variable is @code{not-confirm}, the user won't even | |
8397 | be asked for a confirmation before viewing is done. | |
8398 | ||
8399 | @vindex gnus-view-pseudos-separately | |
8400 | If @code{gnus-view-pseudos-separately} is non-@code{nil}, one | |
8401 | pseudo-article will be created for each file to be viewed. If | |
8402 | @code{nil}, all files that use the same viewing command will be given as | |
8403 | a list of parameters to that command. | |
8404 | ||
8405 | @vindex gnus-insert-pseudo-articles | |
8406 | If @code{gnus-insert-pseudo-articles} is non-@code{nil}, insert | |
8407 | pseudo-articles when decoding. It is @code{t} by default. | |
8408 | ||
8409 | So; there you are, reading your @emph{pseudo-articles} in your | |
8410 | @emph{virtual newsgroup} from the @emph{virtual server}; and you think: | |
8411 | Why isn't anything real anymore? How did we get here? | |
8412 | ||
8413 | ||
8414 | @node Article Treatment | |
8415 | @section Article Treatment | |
8416 | ||
8417 | Reading through this huge manual, you may have quite forgotten that the | |
8418 | object of newsreaders is to actually, like, read what people have | |
8419 | written. Reading articles. Unfortunately, people are quite bad at | |
8420 | writing, so there are tons of functions and variables to make reading | |
8421 | these articles easier. | |
8422 | ||
8423 | @menu | |
8424 | * Article Highlighting:: You want to make the article look like fruit salad. | |
8425 | * Article Fontisizing:: Making emphasized text look nice. | |
8426 | * Article Hiding:: You also want to make certain info go away. | |
8427 | * Article Washing:: Lots of way-neat functions to make life better. | |
8428 | * Article Header:: Doing various header transformations. | |
8429 | * Article Buttons:: Click on URLs, Message-IDs, addresses and the like. | |
8430 | * Article Button Levels:: Controlling appearance of buttons. | |
8431 | * Article Date:: Grumble, UT! | |
8432 | * Article Display:: Display various stuff---X-Face, Picons, Smileys | |
8433 | * Article Signature:: What is a signature? | |
8434 | * Article Miscellanea:: Various other stuff. | |
8435 | @end menu | |
8436 | ||
8437 | ||
8438 | @node Article Highlighting | |
8439 | @subsection Article Highlighting | |
8440 | @cindex highlighting | |
8441 | ||
8442 | Not only do you want your article buffer to look like fruit salad, but | |
8443 | you want it to look like technicolor fruit salad. | |
8444 | ||
8445 | @table @kbd | |
8446 | ||
8447 | @item W H a | |
8448 | @kindex W H a (Summary) | |
8449 | @findex gnus-article-highlight | |
8450 | @findex gnus-article-maybe-highlight | |
8451 | Do much highlighting of the current article | |
8452 | (@code{gnus-article-highlight}). This function highlights header, cited | |
8453 | text, the signature, and adds buttons to the body and the head. | |
8454 | ||
8455 | @item W H h | |
8456 | @kindex W H h (Summary) | |
8457 | @findex gnus-article-highlight-headers | |
8458 | @vindex gnus-header-face-alist | |
8459 | Highlight the headers (@code{gnus-article-highlight-headers}). The | |
8460 | highlighting will be done according to the @code{gnus-header-face-alist} | |
8461 | variable, which is a list where each element has the form | |
8462 | @code{(@var{regexp} @var{name} @var{content})}. | |
8463 | @var{regexp} is a regular expression for matching the | |
8464 | header, @var{name} is the face used for highlighting the header name | |
8465 | (@pxref{Faces and Fonts}) and @var{content} is the face for highlighting | |
8466 | the header value. The first match made will be used. Note that | |
8467 | @var{regexp} shouldn't have @samp{^} prepended---Gnus will add one. | |
8468 | ||
8469 | @item W H c | |
8470 | @kindex W H c (Summary) | |
8471 | @findex gnus-article-highlight-citation | |
8472 | Highlight cited text (@code{gnus-article-highlight-citation}). | |
8473 | ||
8474 | Some variables to customize the citation highlights: | |
8475 | ||
8476 | @table @code | |
8477 | @vindex gnus-cite-parse-max-size | |
8478 | ||
8479 | @item gnus-cite-parse-max-size | |
8480 | If the article size in bytes is bigger than this variable (which is | |
8481 | 25000 by default), no citation highlighting will be performed. | |
8482 | ||
8483 | @item gnus-cite-max-prefix | |
8484 | @vindex gnus-cite-max-prefix | |
8485 | Maximum possible length for a citation prefix (default 20). | |
8486 | ||
8487 | @item gnus-cite-face-list | |
8488 | @vindex gnus-cite-face-list | |
8489 | List of faces used for highlighting citations (@pxref{Faces and Fonts}). | |
8490 | When there are citations from multiple articles in the same message, | |
8491 | Gnus will try to give each citation from each article its own face. | |
8492 | This should make it easier to see who wrote what. | |
8493 | ||
8494 | @item gnus-supercite-regexp | |
8495 | @vindex gnus-supercite-regexp | |
8496 | Regexp matching normal Supercite attribution lines. | |
8497 | ||
8498 | @item gnus-supercite-secondary-regexp | |
8499 | @vindex gnus-supercite-secondary-regexp | |
8500 | Regexp matching mangled Supercite attribution lines. | |
8501 | ||
8502 | @item gnus-cite-minimum-match-count | |
8503 | @vindex gnus-cite-minimum-match-count | |
8504 | Minimum number of identical prefixes we have to see before we believe | |
8505 | that it's a citation. | |
8506 | ||
8507 | @item gnus-cite-attribution-prefix | |
8508 | @vindex gnus-cite-attribution-prefix | |
8509 | Regexp matching the beginning of an attribution line. | |
8510 | ||
8511 | @item gnus-cite-attribution-suffix | |
8512 | @vindex gnus-cite-attribution-suffix | |
8513 | Regexp matching the end of an attribution line. | |
8514 | ||
8515 | @item gnus-cite-attribution-face | |
8516 | @vindex gnus-cite-attribution-face | |
8517 | Face used for attribution lines. It is merged with the face for the | |
8518 | cited text belonging to the attribution. | |
8519 | ||
8520 | @item gnus-cite-ignore-quoted-from | |
8521 | @vindex gnus-cite-ignore-quoted-from | |
8522 | If non-@code{nil}, no citation highlighting will be performed on lines | |
8523 | beginning with @samp{>From }. Those lines may have been quoted by MTAs | |
8524 | in order not to mix up with the envelope From line. The default value | |
8525 | is @code{t}. | |
8526 | ||
8527 | @end table | |
8528 | ||
8529 | ||
8530 | @item W H s | |
8531 | @kindex W H s (Summary) | |
8532 | @vindex gnus-signature-separator | |
8533 | @vindex gnus-signature-face | |
8534 | @findex gnus-article-highlight-signature | |
8535 | Highlight the signature (@code{gnus-article-highlight-signature}). | |
8536 | Everything after @code{gnus-signature-separator} (@pxref{Article | |
8537 | Signature}) in an article will be considered a signature and will be | |
8538 | highlighted with @code{gnus-signature-face}, which is @code{italic} by | |
8539 | default. | |
8540 | ||
8541 | @end table | |
8542 | ||
8543 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to highlight articles automatically. | |
8544 | ||
8545 | ||
8546 | @node Article Fontisizing | |
8547 | @subsection Article Fontisizing | |
8548 | @cindex emphasis | |
8549 | @cindex article emphasis | |
8550 | ||
8551 | @findex gnus-article-emphasize | |
8552 | @kindex W e (Summary) | |
8553 | People commonly add emphasis to words in news articles by writing things | |
8554 | like @samp{_this_} or @samp{*this*} or @samp{/this/}. Gnus can make | |
8555 | this look nicer by running the article through the @kbd{W e} | |
8556 | (@code{gnus-article-emphasize}) command. | |
8557 | ||
8558 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-alist | |
8559 | How the emphasis is computed is controlled by the | |
8560 | @code{gnus-emphasis-alist} variable. This is an alist where the first | |
8561 | element is a regular expression to be matched. The second is a number | |
8562 | that says what regular expression grouping is used to find the entire | |
8563 | emphasized word. The third is a number that says what regexp grouping | |
8564 | should be displayed and highlighted. (The text between these two | |
8565 | groupings will be hidden.) The fourth is the face used for | |
8566 | highlighting. | |
8567 | ||
8568 | @lisp | |
8569 | (setq gnus-emphasis-alist | |
8570 | '(("_\\(\\w+\\)_" 0 1 gnus-emphasis-underline) | |
8571 | ("\\*\\(\\w+\\)\\*" 0 1 gnus-emphasis-bold))) | |
8572 | @end lisp | |
8573 | ||
8574 | @cindex slash | |
8575 | @cindex asterisk | |
8576 | @cindex underline | |
8577 | @cindex / | |
8578 | @cindex * | |
8579 | ||
8580 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline | |
8581 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-bold | |
8582 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-italic | |
8583 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline-bold | |
8584 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline-italic | |
8585 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-bold-italic | |
8586 | @vindex gnus-emphasis-underline-bold-italic | |
8587 | By default, there are seven rules, and they use the following faces: | |
8588 | @code{gnus-emphasis-bold}, @code{gnus-emphasis-italic}, | |
8589 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline}, @code{gnus-emphasis-bold-italic}, | |
8590 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline-italic}, | |
8591 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline-bold}, and | |
8592 | @code{gnus-emphasis-underline-bold-italic}. | |
8593 | ||
8594 | If you want to change these faces, you can either use @kbd{M-x | |
8595 | customize}, or you can use @code{copy-face}. For instance, if you want | |
8596 | to make @code{gnus-emphasis-italic} use a red face instead, you could | |
8597 | say something like: | |
8598 | ||
8599 | @lisp | |
8600 | (copy-face 'red 'gnus-emphasis-italic) | |
8601 | @end lisp | |
8602 | ||
8603 | @vindex gnus-group-highlight-words-alist | |
8604 | ||
8605 | If you want to highlight arbitrary words, you can use the | |
8606 | @code{gnus-group-highlight-words-alist} variable, which uses the same | |
8607 | syntax as @code{gnus-emphasis-alist}. The @code{highlight-words} group | |
8608 | parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) can also be used. | |
8609 | ||
8610 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to fontize articles automatically. | |
8611 | ||
8612 | ||
8613 | @node Article Hiding | |
8614 | @subsection Article Hiding | |
8615 | @cindex article hiding | |
8616 | ||
8617 | Or rather, hiding certain things in each article. There usually is much | |
8618 | too much cruft in most articles. | |
8619 | ||
8620 | @table @kbd | |
8621 | ||
8622 | @item W W a | |
8623 | @kindex W W a (Summary) | |
8624 | @findex gnus-article-hide | |
8625 | Do quite a lot of hiding on the article buffer | |
8626 | (@kbd{gnus-article-hide}). In particular, this function will hide | |
8627 | headers, @acronym{PGP}, cited text and the signature. | |
8628 | ||
8629 | @item W W h | |
8630 | @kindex W W h (Summary) | |
8631 | @findex gnus-article-hide-headers | |
8632 | Hide headers (@code{gnus-article-hide-headers}). @xref{Hiding | |
8633 | Headers}. | |
8634 | ||
8635 | @item W W b | |
8636 | @kindex W W b (Summary) | |
8637 | @findex gnus-article-hide-boring-headers | |
8638 | Hide headers that aren't particularly interesting | |
8639 | (@code{gnus-article-hide-boring-headers}). @xref{Hiding Headers}. | |
8640 | ||
8641 | @item W W s | |
8642 | @kindex W W s (Summary) | |
8643 | @findex gnus-article-hide-signature | |
8644 | Hide signature (@code{gnus-article-hide-signature}). @xref{Article | |
8645 | Signature}. | |
8646 | ||
8647 | @item W W l | |
8648 | @kindex W W l (Summary) | |
8649 | @findex gnus-article-hide-list-identifiers | |
8650 | @vindex gnus-list-identifiers | |
8651 | Strip list identifiers specified in @code{gnus-list-identifiers}. These | |
8652 | are strings some mailing list servers add to the beginning of all | |
8653 | @code{Subject} headers---for example, @samp{[zebra 4711]}. Any leading | |
8654 | @samp{Re: } is skipped before stripping. @code{gnus-list-identifiers} | |
8655 | may not contain @code{\\(..\\)}. | |
8656 | ||
8657 | @table @code | |
8658 | ||
8659 | @item gnus-list-identifiers | |
8660 | @vindex gnus-list-identifiers | |
8661 | A regular expression that matches list identifiers to be removed from | |
8662 | subject. This can also be a list of regular expressions. | |
8663 | ||
8664 | @end table | |
8665 | ||
8666 | @item W W P | |
8667 | @kindex W W P (Summary) | |
8668 | @findex gnus-article-hide-pem | |
8669 | Hide @acronym{PEM} (privacy enhanced messages) cruft | |
8670 | (@code{gnus-article-hide-pem}). | |
8671 | ||
8672 | @item W W B | |
8673 | @kindex W W B (Summary) | |
8674 | @findex gnus-article-strip-banner | |
8675 | @vindex gnus-article-banner-alist | |
8676 | @vindex gnus-article-address-banner-alist | |
8677 | @cindex banner | |
8678 | @cindex OneList | |
8679 | @cindex stripping advertisements | |
8680 | @cindex advertisements | |
8681 | Strip the banner specified by the @code{banner} group parameter | |
8682 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-banner}). This is mainly used to hide those | |
8683 | annoying banners and/or signatures that some mailing lists and moderated | |
8684 | groups adds to all the messages. The way to use this function is to add | |
8685 | the @code{banner} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) to the | |
8686 | group you want banners stripped from. The parameter either be a string, | |
8687 | which will be interpreted as a regular expression matching text to be | |
8688 | removed, or the symbol @code{signature}, meaning that the (last) | |
8689 | signature should be removed, or other symbol, meaning that the | |
8690 | corresponding regular expression in @code{gnus-article-banner-alist} is | |
8691 | used. | |
8692 | ||
8693 | Regardless of a group, you can hide things like advertisements only when | |
8694 | the sender of an article has a certain mail address specified in | |
8695 | @code{gnus-article-address-banner-alist}. | |
8696 | ||
8697 | @table @code | |
8698 | ||
8699 | @item gnus-article-address-banner-alist | |
8700 | @vindex gnus-article-address-banner-alist | |
8701 | Alist of mail addresses and banners. Each element has the form | |
8702 | @code{(@var{address} . @var{banner})}, where @var{address} is a regexp | |
8703 | matching a mail address in the From header, @var{banner} is one of a | |
8704 | symbol @code{signature}, an item in @code{gnus-article-banner-alist}, | |
8705 | a regexp and @code{nil}. If @var{address} matches author's mail | |
8706 | address, it will remove things like advertisements. For example, if a | |
8707 | sender has the mail address @samp{hail@@yoo-hoo.co.jp} and there is a | |
8708 | banner something like @samp{Do You Yoo-hoo!?} in all articles he | |
8709 | sends, you can use the following element to remove them: | |
8710 | ||
8711 | @lisp | |
8712 | ("@@yoo-hoo\\.co\\.jp\\'" . | |
8713 | "\n_+\nDo You Yoo-hoo!\\?\n.*\n.*\n") | |
8714 | @end lisp | |
8715 | ||
8716 | @end table | |
8717 | ||
8718 | @item W W c | |
8719 | @kindex W W c (Summary) | |
8720 | @findex gnus-article-hide-citation | |
8721 | Hide citation (@code{gnus-article-hide-citation}). Some variables for | |
8722 | customizing the hiding: | |
8723 | ||
8724 | @table @code | |
8725 | ||
8726 | @item gnus-cited-opened-text-button-line-format | |
8727 | @itemx gnus-cited-closed-text-button-line-format | |
8728 | @vindex gnus-cited-closed-text-button-line-format | |
8729 | @vindex gnus-cited-opened-text-button-line-format | |
8730 | Gnus adds buttons to show where the cited text has been hidden, and to | |
8731 | allow toggle hiding the text. The format of the variable is specified | |
8732 | by these format-like variable (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). These | |
8733 | specs are valid: | |
8734 | ||
8735 | @table @samp | |
8736 | @item b | |
8737 | Starting point of the hidden text. | |
8738 | @item e | |
8739 | Ending point of the hidden text. | |
8740 | @item l | |
8741 | Number of characters in the hidden region. | |
8742 | @item n | |
8743 | Number of lines of hidden text. | |
8744 | @end table | |
8745 | ||
8746 | @item gnus-cited-lines-visible | |
8747 | @vindex gnus-cited-lines-visible | |
8748 | The number of lines at the beginning of the cited text to leave | |
8749 | shown. This can also be a cons cell with the number of lines at the top | |
8750 | and bottom of the text, respectively, to remain visible. | |
8751 | ||
8752 | @end table | |
8753 | ||
8754 | @item W W C-c | |
8755 | @kindex W W C-c (Summary) | |
8756 | @findex gnus-article-hide-citation-maybe | |
8757 | ||
8758 | Hide citation (@code{gnus-article-hide-citation-maybe}) depending on the | |
8759 | following two variables: | |
8760 | ||
8761 | @table @code | |
8762 | @item gnus-cite-hide-percentage | |
8763 | @vindex gnus-cite-hide-percentage | |
8764 | If the cited text is of a bigger percentage than this variable (default | |
8765 | 50), hide the cited text. | |
8766 | ||
8767 | @item gnus-cite-hide-absolute | |
8768 | @vindex gnus-cite-hide-absolute | |
8769 | The cited text must have at least this length (default 10) before it | |
8770 | is hidden. | |
8771 | @end table | |
8772 | ||
8773 | @item W W C | |
8774 | @kindex W W C (Summary) | |
8775 | @findex gnus-article-hide-citation-in-followups | |
8776 | Hide cited text in articles that aren't roots | |
8777 | (@code{gnus-article-hide-citation-in-followups}). This isn't very | |
8778 | useful as an interactive command, but might be a handy function to stick | |
8779 | have happen automatically (@pxref{Customizing Articles}). | |
8780 | ||
8781 | @end table | |
8782 | ||
8783 | All these ``hiding'' commands are toggles, but if you give a negative | |
8784 | prefix to these commands, they will show what they have previously | |
8785 | hidden. If you give a positive prefix, they will always hide. | |
8786 | ||
8787 | Also @pxref{Article Highlighting} for further variables for | |
8788 | citation customization. | |
8789 | ||
8790 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to hide article elements | |
8791 | automatically. | |
8792 | ||
8793 | ||
8794 | @node Article Washing | |
8795 | @subsection Article Washing | |
8796 | @cindex washing | |
8797 | @cindex article washing | |
8798 | ||
8799 | We call this ``article washing'' for a really good reason. Namely, the | |
8800 | @kbd{A} key was taken, so we had to use the @kbd{W} key instead. | |
8801 | ||
8802 | @dfn{Washing} is defined by us as ``changing something from something to | |
8803 | something else'', but normally results in something looking better. | |
8804 | Cleaner, perhaps. | |
8805 | ||
8806 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, if you want to change how Gnus displays | |
8807 | articles by default. | |
8808 | ||
8809 | @table @kbd | |
8810 | ||
8811 | @item C-u g | |
8812 | This is not really washing, it's sort of the opposite of washing. If | |
8813 | you type this, you see the article exactly as it exists on disk or on | |
8814 | the server. | |
8815 | ||
8816 | @item g | |
8817 | Force redisplaying of the current article | |
8818 | (@code{gnus-summary-show-article}). This is also not really washing. | |
8819 | If you type this, you see the article without any previously applied | |
8820 | interactive Washing functions but with all default treatments | |
8821 | (@pxref{Customizing Articles}). | |
8822 | ||
8823 | @item W l | |
8824 | @kindex W l (Summary) | |
8825 | @findex gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking | |
8826 | Remove page breaks from the current article | |
8827 | (@code{gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking}). @xref{Misc Article}, for page | |
8828 | delimiters. | |
8829 | ||
8830 | @item W r | |
8831 | @kindex W r (Summary) | |
8832 | @findex gnus-summary-caesar-message | |
8833 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-caesar-message} | |
8834 | Do a Caesar rotate (rot13) on the article buffer | |
8835 | (@code{gnus-summary-caesar-message}). | |
8836 | Unreadable articles that tell you to read them with Caesar rotate or rot13. | |
8837 | (Typically offensive jokes and such.) | |
8838 | ||
8839 | It's commonly called ``rot13'' because each letter is rotated 13 | |
8840 | positions in the alphabet, e. g. @samp{B} (letter #2) -> @samp{O} (letter | |
8841 | #15). It is sometimes referred to as ``Caesar rotate'' because Caesar | |
8842 | is rumored to have employed this form of, uh, somewhat weak encryption. | |
8843 | ||
8844 | @item W m | |
8845 | @kindex W m (Summary) | |
8846 | @findex gnus-summary-morse-message | |
8847 | Morse decode the article buffer (@code{gnus-summary-morse-message}). | |
8848 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
8849 | @item W i |
8850 | @kindex W i (Summary) | |
8851 | @findex gnus-summary-idna-message | |
8852 | Decode IDNA encoded domain names in the current articles. IDNA | |
8853 | encoded domain names looks like @samp{xn--bar}. If a string remain | |
8854 | unencoded after running invoking this, it is likely an invalid IDNA | |
8855 | string (@samp{xn--bar} is invalid). You must have GNU Libidn | |
8856 | (@url{http://www.gnu.org/software/libidn/}) installed for this command | |
8857 | to work. | |
8858 | ||
4009494e GM |
8859 | @item W t |
8860 | @item t | |
8861 | @kindex W t (Summary) | |
8862 | @kindex t (Summary) | |
8863 | @findex gnus-summary-toggle-header | |
8864 | Toggle whether to display all headers in the article buffer | |
8865 | (@code{gnus-summary-toggle-header}). | |
8866 | ||
8867 | @item W v | |
8868 | @kindex W v (Summary) | |
8869 | @findex gnus-summary-verbose-headers | |
8870 | Toggle whether to display all headers in the article buffer permanently | |
8871 | (@code{gnus-summary-verbose-headers}). | |
8872 | ||
8873 | @item W o | |
8874 | @kindex W o (Summary) | |
8875 | @findex gnus-article-treat-overstrike | |
8876 | Treat overstrike (@code{gnus-article-treat-overstrike}). | |
8877 | ||
8878 | @item W d | |
8879 | @kindex W d (Summary) | |
8880 | @findex gnus-article-treat-dumbquotes | |
8881 | @vindex gnus-article-dumbquotes-map | |
8882 | @cindex Smartquotes | |
8883 | @cindex M****s*** sm*rtq**t*s | |
8884 | @cindex Latin 1 | |
8885 | Treat M****s*** sm*rtq**t*s according to | |
8886 | @code{gnus-article-dumbquotes-map} | |
8887 | (@code{gnus-article-treat-dumbquotes}). Note that this function guesses | |
8888 | whether a character is a sm*rtq**t* or not, so it should only be used | |
8889 | interactively. | |
8890 | ||
8891 | Sm*rtq**t*s are M****s***'s unilateral extension to the character map in | |
8892 | an attempt to provide more quoting characters. If you see something | |
8893 | like @code{\222} or @code{\264} where you're expecting some kind of | |
8894 | apostrophe or quotation mark, then try this wash. | |
8895 | ||
8896 | @item W Y f | |
8897 | @kindex W Y f (Summary) | |
8898 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-deuglify-article | |
8899 | @cindex Outlook Express | |
8900 | Full deuglify of broken Outlook (Express) articles: Treat dumbquotes, | |
8901 | unwrap lines, repair attribution and rearrange citation. | |
8902 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-deuglify-article}). | |
8903 | ||
8904 | @item W Y u | |
8905 | @kindex W Y u (Summary) | |
8906 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-unwrap-lines | |
8907 | @vindex gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-min | |
8908 | @vindex gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-max | |
8909 | Unwrap lines that appear to be wrapped citation lines. You can control | |
8910 | what lines will be unwrapped by frobbing | |
8911 | @code{gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-min} and | |
8912 | @code{gnus-outlook-deuglify-unwrap-max}, indicating the minimum and | |
8913 | maximum length of an unwrapped citation line. | |
8914 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-unwrap-lines}). | |
8915 | ||
8916 | @item W Y a | |
8917 | @kindex W Y a (Summary) | |
8918 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution | |
8919 | Repair a broken attribution line.@* | |
8920 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution}). | |
8921 | ||
8922 | @item W Y c | |
8923 | @kindex W Y c (Summary) | |
8924 | @findex gnus-article-outlook-rearrange-citation | |
8925 | Repair broken citations by rearranging the text. | |
8926 | (@code{gnus-article-outlook-rearrange-citation}). | |
8927 | ||
8928 | @item W w | |
8929 | @kindex W w (Summary) | |
8930 | @findex gnus-article-fill-cited-article | |
8931 | Do word wrap (@code{gnus-article-fill-cited-article}). | |
8932 | ||
8933 | You can give the command a numerical prefix to specify the width to use | |
8934 | when filling. | |
8935 | ||
8936 | @item W Q | |
8937 | @kindex W Q (Summary) | |
8938 | @findex gnus-article-fill-long-lines | |
8939 | Fill long lines (@code{gnus-article-fill-long-lines}). | |
8940 | ||
8941 | @item W C | |
8942 | @kindex W C (Summary) | |
8943 | @findex gnus-article-capitalize-sentences | |
8944 | Capitalize the first word in each sentence | |
8945 | (@code{gnus-article-capitalize-sentences}). | |
8946 | ||
8947 | @item W c | |
8948 | @kindex W c (Summary) | |
8949 | @findex gnus-article-remove-cr | |
8950 | Translate CRLF pairs (i. e., @samp{^M}s on the end of the lines) into LF | |
8951 | (this takes care of DOS line endings), and then translate any remaining | |
8952 | CRs into LF (this takes care of Mac line endings) | |
8953 | (@code{gnus-article-remove-cr}). | |
8954 | ||
8955 | @item W q | |
8956 | @kindex W q (Summary) | |
8957 | @findex gnus-article-de-quoted-unreadable | |
8958 | Treat quoted-printable (@code{gnus-article-de-quoted-unreadable}). | |
8959 | Quoted-Printable is one common @acronym{MIME} encoding employed when | |
8960 | sending non-@acronym{ASCII} (i.e., 8-bit) articles. It typically | |
01c52d31 MB |
8961 | makes strings like @samp{d@'ej@`a vu} look like @samp{d=E9j=E0 vu}, |
8962 | which doesn't look very readable to me. Note that this is usually | |
8963 | done automatically by Gnus if the message in question has a | |
4009494e GM |
8964 | @code{Content-Transfer-Encoding} header that says that this encoding |
8965 | has been done. If a prefix is given, a charset will be asked for. | |
8966 | ||
8967 | @item W 6 | |
8968 | @kindex W 6 (Summary) | |
8969 | @findex gnus-article-de-base64-unreadable | |
8970 | Treat base64 (@code{gnus-article-de-base64-unreadable}). Base64 is | |
8971 | one common @acronym{MIME} encoding employed when sending | |
8972 | non-@acronym{ASCII} (i.e., 8-bit) articles. Note that this is | |
8973 | usually done automatically by Gnus if the message in question has a | |
8974 | @code{Content-Transfer-Encoding} header that says that this encoding | |
8975 | has been done. If a prefix is given, a charset will be asked for. | |
8976 | ||
8977 | @item W Z | |
8978 | @kindex W Z (Summary) | |
8979 | @findex gnus-article-decode-HZ | |
8980 | Treat HZ or HZP (@code{gnus-article-decode-HZ}). HZ (or HZP) is one | |
8981 | common encoding employed when sending Chinese articles. It typically | |
8982 | makes strings look like @samp{~@{<:Ky2;S@{#,NpJ)l6HK!#~@}}. | |
8983 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
8984 | @item W A |
8985 | @kindex W A (Summary) | |
8986 | @findex gnus-article-treat-ansi-sequences | |
8987 | @cindex @acronym{ANSI} control sequences | |
8988 | Translate @acronym{ANSI} SGR control sequences into overlays or | |
8989 | extents (@code{gnus-article-treat-ansi-sequences}). @acronym{ANSI} | |
8990 | sequences are used in some Chinese hierarchies for highlighting. | |
8991 | ||
4009494e GM |
8992 | @item W u |
8993 | @kindex W u (Summary) | |
8994 | @findex gnus-article-unsplit-urls | |
8995 | Remove newlines from within URLs. Some mailers insert newlines into | |
8996 | outgoing email messages to keep lines short. This reformatting can | |
8997 | split long URLs onto multiple lines. Repair those URLs by removing | |
8998 | the newlines (@code{gnus-article-unsplit-urls}). | |
8999 | ||
9000 | @item W h | |
9001 | @kindex W h (Summary) | |
9002 | @findex gnus-article-wash-html | |
9003 | Treat @acronym{HTML} (@code{gnus-article-wash-html}). Note that this is | |
9004 | usually done automatically by Gnus if the message in question has a | |
9005 | @code{Content-Type} header that says that the message is @acronym{HTML}. | |
9006 | ||
9007 | If a prefix is given, a charset will be asked for. If it is a number, | |
9008 | the charset defined in @code{gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist} | |
9009 | (@pxref{Paging the Article}) will be used. | |
9010 | ||
9011 | @vindex gnus-article-wash-function | |
9012 | The default is to use the function specified by | |
9013 | @code{mm-text-html-renderer} (@pxref{Display Customization, ,Display | |
9014 | Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME Manual}) to convert the | |
9015 | @acronym{HTML}, but this is controlled by the | |
9016 | @code{gnus-article-wash-function} variable. Pre-defined functions you | |
9017 | can use include: | |
9018 | ||
9019 | @table @code | |
9020 | @item w3 | |
9021 | Use Emacs/W3. | |
9022 | ||
9023 | @item w3m | |
9024 | Use @uref{http://emacs-w3m.namazu.org/, emacs-w3m}. | |
9025 | ||
9026 | @item w3m-standalone | |
9027 | Use @uref{http://w3m.sourceforge.net/, w3m}. | |
9028 | ||
9029 | @item links | |
9030 | Use @uref{http://links.sf.net/, Links}. | |
9031 | ||
9032 | @item lynx | |
9033 | Use @uref{http://lynx.isc.org/, Lynx}. | |
9034 | ||
9035 | @item html2text | |
9036 | Use html2text---a simple @acronym{HTML} converter included with Gnus. | |
9037 | ||
9038 | @end table | |
9039 | ||
9040 | @item W b | |
9041 | @kindex W b (Summary) | |
9042 | @findex gnus-article-add-buttons | |
9043 | Add clickable buttons to the article (@code{gnus-article-add-buttons}). | |
9044 | @xref{Article Buttons}. | |
9045 | ||
9046 | @item W B | |
9047 | @kindex W B (Summary) | |
9048 | @findex gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head | |
9049 | Add clickable buttons to the article headers | |
9050 | (@code{gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head}). | |
9051 | ||
9052 | @item W p | |
9053 | @kindex W p (Summary) | |
9054 | @findex gnus-article-verify-x-pgp-sig | |
9055 | Verify a signed control message | |
9056 | (@code{gnus-article-verify-x-pgp-sig}). Control messages such as | |
9057 | @code{newgroup} and @code{checkgroups} are usually signed by the | |
9058 | hierarchy maintainer. You need to add the @acronym{PGP} public key of | |
9059 | the maintainer to your keyring to verify the | |
9060 | message.@footnote{@acronym{PGP} keys for many hierarchies are | |
9061 | available at @uref{ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/README.html}} | |
9062 | ||
9063 | @item W s | |
9064 | @kindex W s (Summary) | |
9065 | @findex gnus-summary-force-verify-and-decrypt | |
9066 | Verify a signed (@acronym{PGP}, @acronym{PGP/MIME} or | |
9067 | @acronym{S/MIME}) message | |
9068 | (@code{gnus-summary-force-verify-and-decrypt}). @xref{Security}. | |
9069 | ||
9070 | @item W a | |
9071 | @kindex W a (Summary) | |
9072 | @findex gnus-article-strip-headers-in-body | |
9073 | Strip headers like the @code{X-No-Archive} header from the beginning of | |
9074 | article bodies (@code{gnus-article-strip-headers-in-body}). | |
9075 | ||
9076 | @item W E l | |
9077 | @kindex W E l (Summary) | |
9078 | @findex gnus-article-strip-leading-blank-lines | |
9079 | Remove all blank lines from the beginning of the article | |
9080 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-leading-blank-lines}). | |
9081 | ||
9082 | @item W E m | |
9083 | @kindex W E m (Summary) | |
9084 | @findex gnus-article-strip-multiple-blank-lines | |
9085 | Replace all blank lines with empty lines and then all multiple empty | |
9086 | lines with a single empty line. | |
9087 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-multiple-blank-lines}). | |
9088 | ||
9089 | @item W E t | |
9090 | @kindex W E t (Summary) | |
9091 | @findex gnus-article-remove-trailing-blank-lines | |
9092 | Remove all blank lines at the end of the article | |
9093 | (@code{gnus-article-remove-trailing-blank-lines}). | |
9094 | ||
9095 | @item W E a | |
9096 | @kindex W E a (Summary) | |
9097 | @findex gnus-article-strip-blank-lines | |
9098 | Do all the three commands above | |
9099 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-blank-lines}). | |
9100 | ||
9101 | @item W E A | |
9102 | @kindex W E A (Summary) | |
9103 | @findex gnus-article-strip-all-blank-lines | |
9104 | Remove all blank lines | |
9105 | (@code{gnus-article-strip-all-blank-lines}). | |
9106 | ||
9107 | @item W E s | |
9108 | @kindex W E s (Summary) | |
9109 | @findex gnus-article-strip-leading-space | |
9110 | Remove all white space from the beginning of all lines of the article | |
9111 | body (@code{gnus-article-strip-leading-space}). | |
9112 | ||
9113 | @item W E e | |
9114 | @kindex W E e (Summary) | |
9115 | @findex gnus-article-strip-trailing-space | |
9116 | Remove all white space from the end of all lines of the article | |
9117 | body (@code{gnus-article-strip-trailing-space}). | |
9118 | ||
9119 | @end table | |
9120 | ||
9121 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to wash articles automatically. | |
9122 | ||
9123 | ||
9124 | @node Article Header | |
9125 | @subsection Article Header | |
9126 | ||
9127 | These commands perform various transformations of article header. | |
9128 | ||
9129 | @table @kbd | |
9130 | ||
9131 | @item W G u | |
9132 | @kindex W G u (Summary) | |
9133 | @findex gnus-article-treat-unfold-headers | |
9134 | Unfold folded header lines (@code{gnus-article-treat-unfold-headers}). | |
9135 | ||
9136 | @item W G n | |
9137 | @kindex W G n (Summary) | |
9138 | @findex gnus-article-treat-fold-newsgroups | |
9139 | Fold the @code{Newsgroups} and @code{Followup-To} headers | |
9140 | (@code{gnus-article-treat-fold-newsgroups}). | |
9141 | ||
9142 | @item W G f | |
9143 | @kindex W G f (Summary) | |
9144 | @findex gnus-article-treat-fold-headers | |
9145 | Fold all the message headers | |
9146 | (@code{gnus-article-treat-fold-headers}). | |
9147 | ||
9148 | @item W E w | |
9149 | @kindex W E w (Summary) | |
9150 | @findex gnus-article-remove-leading-whitespace | |
9151 | Remove excessive whitespace from all headers | |
9152 | (@code{gnus-article-remove-leading-whitespace}). | |
9153 | ||
9154 | @end table | |
9155 | ||
9156 | ||
9157 | @node Article Buttons | |
9158 | @subsection Article Buttons | |
9159 | @cindex buttons | |
9160 | ||
9161 | People often include references to other stuff in articles, and it would | |
9162 | be nice if Gnus could just fetch whatever it is that people talk about | |
9163 | with the minimum of fuzz when you hit @kbd{RET} or use the middle mouse | |
9164 | button on these references. | |
9165 | ||
9166 | @vindex gnus-button-man-handler | |
9167 | Gnus adds @dfn{buttons} to certain standard references by default: | |
9168 | Well-formed URLs, mail addresses, Message-IDs, Info links, man pages and | |
9169 | Emacs or Gnus related references. This is controlled by two variables, | |
9170 | one that handles article bodies and one that handles article heads: | |
9171 | ||
9172 | @table @code | |
9173 | ||
9174 | @item gnus-button-alist | |
9175 | @vindex gnus-button-alist | |
9176 | This is an alist where each entry has this form: | |
9177 | ||
9178 | @lisp | |
9179 | (@var{regexp} @var{button-par} @var{use-p} @var{function} @var{data-par}) | |
9180 | @end lisp | |
9181 | ||
9182 | @table @var | |
9183 | ||
9184 | @item regexp | |
9185 | All text that match this regular expression (case insensitive) will be | |
9186 | considered an external reference. Here's a typical regexp that matches | |
9187 | embedded URLs: @samp{<URL:\\([^\n\r>]*\\)>}. This can also be a | |
9188 | variable containing a regexp, useful variables to use include | |
9189 | @code{gnus-button-url-regexp} and @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-regexp}. | |
9190 | ||
9191 | @item button-par | |
9192 | Gnus has to know which parts of the matches is to be highlighted. This | |
9193 | is a number that says what sub-expression of the regexp is to be | |
9194 | highlighted. If you want it all highlighted, you use 0 here. | |
9195 | ||
9196 | @item use-p | |
9197 | This form will be @code{eval}ed, and if the result is non-@code{nil}, | |
9198 | this is considered a match. This is useful if you want extra sifting to | |
9199 | avoid false matches. Often variables named | |
9200 | @code{gnus-button-@var{*}-level} are used here, @xref{Article Button | |
9201 | Levels}, but any other form may be used too. | |
9202 | ||
9203 | @c @code{use-p} is @code{eval}ed only if @code{regexp} matches. | |
9204 | ||
9205 | @item function | |
9206 | This function will be called when you click on this button. | |
9207 | ||
9208 | @item data-par | |
9209 | As with @var{button-par}, this is a sub-expression number, but this one | |
9210 | says which part of the match is to be sent as data to @var{function}. | |
9211 | ||
9212 | @end table | |
9213 | ||
9214 | So the full entry for buttonizing URLs is then | |
9215 | ||
9216 | @lisp | |
9217 | ("<URL:\\([^\n\r>]*\\)>" 0 t gnus-button-url 1) | |
9218 | @end lisp | |
9219 | ||
9220 | @item gnus-header-button-alist | |
9221 | @vindex gnus-header-button-alist | |
9222 | This is just like the other alist, except that it is applied to the | |
9223 | article head only, and that each entry has an additional element that is | |
9224 | used to say what headers to apply the buttonize coding to: | |
9225 | ||
9226 | @lisp | |
9227 | (@var{header} @var{regexp} @var{button-par} @var{use-p} @var{function} @var{data-par}) | |
9228 | @end lisp | |
9229 | ||
9230 | @var{header} is a regular expression. | |
9231 | @end table | |
9232 | ||
9233 | @subsubsection Related variables and functions | |
9234 | ||
9235 | @table @code | |
9236 | @item gnus-button-@var{*}-level | |
9237 | @xref{Article Button Levels}. | |
9238 | ||
9239 | @c Stuff related to gnus-button-browse-level | |
9240 | ||
9241 | @item gnus-button-url-regexp | |
9242 | @vindex gnus-button-url-regexp | |
9243 | A regular expression that matches embedded URLs. It is used in the | |
9244 | default values of the variables above. | |
9245 | ||
9246 | @c Stuff related to gnus-button-man-level | |
9247 | ||
9248 | @item gnus-button-man-handler | |
9249 | @vindex gnus-button-man-handler | |
9250 | The function to use for displaying man pages. It must take at least one | |
9251 | argument with a string naming the man page. | |
9252 | ||
9253 | @c Stuff related to gnus-button-message-level | |
9254 | ||
9255 | @item gnus-button-mid-or-mail-regexp | |
9256 | @vindex gnus-button-mid-or-mail-regexp | |
9257 | Regular expression that matches a message ID or a mail address. | |
9258 | ||
9259 | @item gnus-button-prefer-mid-or-mail | |
9260 | @vindex gnus-button-prefer-mid-or-mail | |
9261 | This variable determines what to do when the button on a string as | |
9262 | @samp{foo123@@bar.invalid} is pushed. Strings like this can be either a | |
9263 | message ID or a mail address. If it is one of the symbols @code{mid} or | |
9264 | @code{mail}, Gnus will always assume that the string is a message ID or | |
9265 | a mail address, respectively. If this variable is set to the symbol | |
9266 | @code{ask}, always query the user what to do. If it is a function, this | |
9267 | function will be called with the string as its only argument. The | |
9268 | function must return @code{mid}, @code{mail}, @code{invalid} or | |
9269 | @code{ask}. The default value is the function | |
9270 | @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic}. | |
9271 | ||
9272 | @item gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic | |
9273 | @findex gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic | |
9274 | Function that guesses whether its argument is a message ID or a mail | |
9275 | address. Returns @code{mid} if it's a message IDs, @code{mail} if | |
9276 | it's a mail address, @code{ask} if unsure and @code{invalid} if the | |
9277 | string is invalid. | |
9278 | ||
9279 | @item gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic-alist | |
9280 | @vindex gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic-alist | |
9281 | An alist of @code{(RATE . REGEXP)} pairs used by the function | |
9282 | @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic}. | |
9283 | ||
9284 | @c Stuff related to gnus-button-tex-level | |
9285 | ||
9286 | @item gnus-button-ctan-handler | |
9287 | @findex gnus-button-ctan-handler | |
9288 | The function to use for displaying CTAN links. It must take one | |
9289 | argument, the string naming the URL. | |
9290 | ||
9291 | @item gnus-ctan-url | |
9292 | @vindex gnus-ctan-url | |
9293 | Top directory of a CTAN (Comprehensive TeX Archive Network) archive used | |
9294 | by @code{gnus-button-ctan-handler}. | |
9295 | ||
9296 | @c Misc stuff | |
9297 | ||
9298 | @item gnus-article-button-face | |
9299 | @vindex gnus-article-button-face | |
9300 | Face used on buttons. | |
9301 | ||
9302 | @item gnus-article-mouse-face | |
9303 | @vindex gnus-article-mouse-face | |
9304 | Face used when the mouse cursor is over a button. | |
9305 | ||
9306 | @end table | |
9307 | ||
9308 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to buttonize articles automatically. | |
9309 | ||
9310 | ||
9311 | @node Article Button Levels | |
9312 | @subsection Article button levels | |
9313 | @cindex button levels | |
9314 | The higher the value of the variables @code{gnus-button-@var{*}-level}, | |
9315 | the more buttons will appear. If the level is zero, no corresponding | |
9316 | buttons are displayed. With the default value (which is 5) you should | |
9317 | already see quite a lot of buttons. With higher levels, you will see | |
9318 | more buttons, but you may also get more false positives. To avoid them, | |
9319 | you can set the variables @code{gnus-button-@var{*}-level} local to | |
9320 | specific groups (@pxref{Group Parameters}). Here's an example for the | |
9321 | variable @code{gnus-parameters}: | |
9322 | ||
9323 | @lisp | |
9324 | ;; @r{increase @code{gnus-button-*-level} in some groups:} | |
9325 | (setq gnus-parameters | |
9326 | '(("\\<\\(emacs\\|gnus\\)\\>" (gnus-button-emacs-level 10)) | |
9327 | ("\\<unix\\>" (gnus-button-man-level 10)) | |
9328 | ("\\<tex\\>" (gnus-button-tex-level 10)))) | |
9329 | @end lisp | |
9330 | ||
9331 | @table @code | |
9332 | ||
9333 | @item gnus-button-browse-level | |
9334 | @vindex gnus-button-browse-level | |
9335 | Controls the display of references to message IDs, mail addresses and | |
9336 | news URLs. Related variables and functions include | |
9337 | @code{gnus-button-url-regexp}, @code{browse-url}, and | |
9338 | @code{browse-url-browser-function}. | |
9339 | ||
9340 | @item gnus-button-emacs-level | |
9341 | @vindex gnus-button-emacs-level | |
9342 | Controls the display of Emacs or Gnus references. Related functions are | |
9343 | @code{gnus-button-handle-custom}, | |
9344 | @code{gnus-button-handle-describe-function}, | |
9345 | @code{gnus-button-handle-describe-variable}, | |
9346 | @code{gnus-button-handle-symbol}, | |
9347 | @code{gnus-button-handle-describe-key}, | |
9348 | @code{gnus-button-handle-apropos}, | |
9349 | @code{gnus-button-handle-apropos-command}, | |
9350 | @code{gnus-button-handle-apropos-variable}, | |
9351 | @code{gnus-button-handle-apropos-documentation}, and | |
9352 | @code{gnus-button-handle-library}. | |
9353 | ||
9354 | @item gnus-button-man-level | |
9355 | @vindex gnus-button-man-level | |
9356 | Controls the display of references to (Unix) man pages. | |
9357 | See @code{gnus-button-man-handler}. | |
9358 | ||
9359 | @item gnus-button-message-level | |
9360 | @vindex gnus-button-message-level | |
9361 | Controls the display of message IDs, mail addresses and news URLs. | |
9362 | Related variables and functions include | |
9363 | @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-regexp}, | |
9364 | @code{gnus-button-prefer-mid-or-mail}, | |
9365 | @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic}, and | |
9366 | @code{gnus-button-mid-or-mail-heuristic-alist}. | |
9367 | ||
9368 | @item gnus-button-tex-level | |
9369 | @vindex gnus-button-tex-level | |
9370 | Controls the display of references to @TeX{} or LaTeX stuff, e.g. for CTAN | |
9371 | URLs. See the variables @code{gnus-ctan-url}, | |
9372 | @code{gnus-button-ctan-handler}, | |
9373 | @code{gnus-button-ctan-directory-regexp}, and | |
9374 | @code{gnus-button-handle-ctan-bogus-regexp}. | |
9375 | ||
9376 | @end table | |
9377 | ||
9378 | ||
9379 | @node Article Date | |
9380 | @subsection Article Date | |
9381 | ||
9382 | The date is most likely generated in some obscure timezone you've never | |
9383 | heard of, so it's quite nice to be able to find out what the time was | |
9384 | when the article was sent. | |
9385 | ||
9386 | @table @kbd | |
9387 | ||
9388 | @item W T u | |
9389 | @kindex W T u (Summary) | |
9390 | @findex gnus-article-date-ut | |
9391 | Display the date in UT (aka. GMT, aka ZULU) | |
9392 | (@code{gnus-article-date-ut}). | |
9393 | ||
9394 | @item W T i | |
9395 | @kindex W T i (Summary) | |
9396 | @findex gnus-article-date-iso8601 | |
9397 | @cindex ISO 8601 | |
9398 | Display the date in international format, aka. ISO 8601 | |
9399 | (@code{gnus-article-date-iso8601}). | |
9400 | ||
9401 | @item W T l | |
9402 | @kindex W T l (Summary) | |
9403 | @findex gnus-article-date-local | |
9404 | Display the date in the local timezone (@code{gnus-article-date-local}). | |
9405 | ||
9406 | @item W T p | |
9407 | @kindex W T p (Summary) | |
9408 | @findex gnus-article-date-english | |
9409 | Display the date in a format that's easily pronounceable in English | |
9410 | (@code{gnus-article-date-english}). | |
9411 | ||
9412 | @item W T s | |
9413 | @kindex W T s (Summary) | |
9414 | @vindex gnus-article-time-format | |
9415 | @findex gnus-article-date-user | |
9416 | @findex format-time-string | |
9417 | Display the date using a user-defined format | |
9418 | (@code{gnus-article-date-user}). The format is specified by the | |
9419 | @code{gnus-article-time-format} variable, and is a string that's passed | |
9420 | to @code{format-time-string}. See the documentation of that variable | |
9421 | for a list of possible format specs. | |
9422 | ||
9423 | @item W T e | |
9424 | @kindex W T e (Summary) | |
9425 | @findex gnus-article-date-lapsed | |
9426 | @findex gnus-start-date-timer | |
9427 | @findex gnus-stop-date-timer | |
9428 | Say how much time has elapsed between the article was posted and now | |
9429 | (@code{gnus-article-date-lapsed}). It looks something like: | |
9430 | ||
9431 | @example | |
9432 | X-Sent: 6 weeks, 4 days, 1 hour, 3 minutes, 8 seconds ago | |
9433 | @end example | |
9434 | ||
9435 | @vindex gnus-article-date-lapsed-new-header | |
9436 | The value of @code{gnus-article-date-lapsed-new-header} determines | |
9437 | whether this header will just be added below the old Date one, or will | |
9438 | replace it. | |
9439 | ||
9440 | An advantage of using Gnus to read mail is that it converts simple bugs | |
9441 | into wonderful absurdities. | |
9442 | ||
9443 | If you want to have this line updated continually, you can put | |
9444 | ||
9445 | @lisp | |
9446 | (gnus-start-date-timer) | |
9447 | @end lisp | |
9448 | ||
9449 | in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file, or you can run it off of some hook. If | |
9450 | you want to stop the timer, you can use the @code{gnus-stop-date-timer} | |
9451 | command. | |
9452 | ||
9453 | @item W T o | |
9454 | @kindex W T o (Summary) | |
9455 | @findex gnus-article-date-original | |
9456 | Display the original date (@code{gnus-article-date-original}). This can | |
9457 | be useful if you normally use some other conversion function and are | |
9458 | worried that it might be doing something totally wrong. Say, claiming | |
9459 | that the article was posted in 1854. Although something like that is | |
9460 | @emph{totally} impossible. Don't you trust me? *titter* | |
9461 | ||
9462 | @end table | |
9463 | ||
9464 | @xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to display the date in your | |
9465 | preferred format automatically. | |
9466 | ||
9467 | ||
9468 | @node Article Display | |
9469 | @subsection Article Display | |
9470 | @cindex picons | |
9471 | @cindex x-face | |
9472 | @cindex smileys | |
9473 | ||
9474 | These commands add various frivolous display gimmicks to the article | |
9475 | buffer in Emacs versions that support them. | |
9476 | ||
9477 | @code{X-Face} headers are small black-and-white images supplied by the | |
9478 | message headers (@pxref{X-Face}). | |
9479 | ||
9480 | @code{Face} headers are small colored images supplied by the message | |
9481 | headers (@pxref{Face}). | |
9482 | ||
9483 | Smileys are those little @samp{:-)} symbols that people like to litter | |
9484 | their messages with (@pxref{Smileys}). | |
9485 | ||
9486 | Picons, on the other hand, reside on your own system, and Gnus will | |
9487 | try to match the headers to what you have (@pxref{Picons}). | |
9488 | ||
9489 | All these functions are toggles---if the elements already exist, | |
9490 | they'll be removed. | |
9491 | ||
9492 | @table @kbd | |
9493 | @item W D x | |
9494 | @kindex W D x (Summary) | |
9495 | @findex gnus-article-display-x-face | |
9496 | Display an @code{X-Face} in the @code{From} header. | |
9497 | (@code{gnus-article-display-x-face}). | |
9498 | ||
9499 | @item W D d | |
9500 | @kindex W D d (Summary) | |
9501 | @findex gnus-article-display-face | |
9502 | Display a @code{Face} in the @code{From} header. | |
9503 | (@code{gnus-article-display-face}). | |
9504 | ||
9505 | @item W D s | |
9506 | @kindex W D s (Summary) | |
9507 | @findex gnus-treat-smiley | |
9508 | Display smileys (@code{gnus-treat-smiley}). | |
9509 | ||
9510 | @item W D f | |
9511 | @kindex W D f (Summary) | |
9512 | @findex gnus-treat-from-picon | |
9513 | Piconify the @code{From} header (@code{gnus-treat-from-picon}). | |
9514 | ||
9515 | @item W D m | |
9516 | @kindex W D m (Summary) | |
9517 | @findex gnus-treat-mail-picon | |
9518 | Piconify all mail headers (i. e., @code{Cc}, @code{To}) | |
9519 | (@code{gnus-treat-mail-picon}). | |
9520 | ||
9521 | @item W D n | |
9522 | @kindex W D n (Summary) | |
9523 | @findex gnus-treat-newsgroups-picon | |
9524 | Piconify all news headers (i. e., @code{Newsgroups} and | |
9525 | @code{Followup-To}) (@code{gnus-treat-newsgroups-picon}). | |
9526 | ||
9527 | @item W D D | |
9528 | @kindex W D D (Summary) | |
9529 | @findex gnus-article-remove-images | |
9530 | Remove all images from the article buffer | |
9531 | (@code{gnus-article-remove-images}). | |
9532 | ||
9533 | @end table | |
9534 | ||
9535 | ||
9536 | ||
9537 | @node Article Signature | |
9538 | @subsection Article Signature | |
9539 | @cindex signatures | |
9540 | @cindex article signature | |
9541 | ||
9542 | @vindex gnus-signature-separator | |
9543 | Each article is divided into two parts---the head and the body. The | |
9544 | body can be divided into a signature part and a text part. The variable | |
9545 | that says what is to be considered a signature is | |
9546 | @code{gnus-signature-separator}. This is normally the standard | |
9547 | @samp{^-- $} as mandated by son-of-RFC 1036. However, many people use | |
9548 | non-standard signature separators, so this variable can also be a list | |
9549 | of regular expressions to be tested, one by one. (Searches are done | |
9550 | from the end of the body towards the beginning.) One likely value is: | |
9551 | ||
9552 | @lisp | |
9553 | (setq gnus-signature-separator | |
9554 | '("^-- $" ; @r{The standard} | |
9555 | "^-- *$" ; @r{A common mangling} | |
9556 | "^-------*$" ; @r{Many people just use a looong} | |
9557 | ; @r{line of dashes. Shame!} | |
9558 | "^ *--------*$" ; @r{Double-shame!} | |
9559 | "^________*$" ; @r{Underscores are also popular} | |
9560 | "^========*$")) ; @r{Pervert!} | |
9561 | @end lisp | |
9562 | ||
9563 | The more permissive you are, the more likely it is that you'll get false | |
9564 | positives. | |
9565 | ||
9566 | @vindex gnus-signature-limit | |
9567 | @code{gnus-signature-limit} provides a limit to what is considered a | |
9568 | signature when displaying articles. | |
9569 | ||
9570 | @enumerate | |
9571 | @item | |
9572 | If it is an integer, no signature may be longer (in characters) than | |
9573 | that integer. | |
9574 | @item | |
9575 | If it is a floating point number, no signature may be longer (in lines) | |
9576 | than that number. | |
9577 | @item | |
9578 | If it is a function, the function will be called without any parameters, | |
9579 | and if it returns @code{nil}, there is no signature in the buffer. | |
9580 | @item | |
9581 | If it is a string, it will be used as a regexp. If it matches, the text | |
9582 | in question is not a signature. | |
9583 | @end enumerate | |
9584 | ||
9585 | This variable can also be a list where the elements may be of the types | |
9586 | listed above. Here's an example: | |
9587 | ||
9588 | @lisp | |
9589 | (setq gnus-signature-limit | |
9590 | '(200.0 "^---*Forwarded article")) | |
9591 | @end lisp | |
9592 | ||
9593 | This means that if there are more than 200 lines after the signature | |
9594 | separator, or the text after the signature separator is matched by | |
9595 | the regular expression @samp{^---*Forwarded article}, then it isn't a | |
9596 | signature after all. | |
9597 | ||
9598 | ||
9599 | @node Article Miscellanea | |
9600 | @subsection Article Miscellanea | |
9601 | ||
9602 | @table @kbd | |
9603 | @item A t | |
9604 | @kindex A t (Summary) | |
9605 | @findex gnus-article-babel | |
9606 | Translate the article from one language to another | |
9607 | (@code{gnus-article-babel}). | |
9608 | ||
9609 | @end table | |
9610 | ||
9611 | ||
9612 | @node MIME Commands | |
9613 | @section MIME Commands | |
9614 | @cindex MIME decoding | |
9615 | @cindex attachments | |
9616 | @cindex viewing attachments | |
9617 | ||
9618 | The following commands all understand the numerical prefix. For | |
01c52d31 | 9619 | instance, @kbd{3 K v} means ``view the third @acronym{MIME} part''. |
4009494e GM |
9620 | |
9621 | @table @kbd | |
9622 | @item b | |
9623 | @itemx K v | |
9624 | @kindex b (Summary) | |
9625 | @kindex K v (Summary) | |
9626 | View the @acronym{MIME} part. | |
9627 | ||
9628 | @item K o | |
9629 | @kindex K o (Summary) | |
9630 | Save the @acronym{MIME} part. | |
9631 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
9632 | @item K O |
9633 | @kindex K O (Summary) | |
9634 | Prompt for a file name, then save the @acronym{MIME} part and strip it | |
9635 | from the article. The stripped @acronym{MIME} object will be referred | |
9636 | via the message/external-body @acronym{MIME} type. | |
9637 | ||
9638 | @item K r | |
9639 | @kindex K r (Summary) | |
9640 | Replace the @acronym{MIME} part with an external body. | |
9641 | ||
9642 | @item K d | |
9643 | @kindex K d (Summary) | |
9644 | Delete the @acronym{MIME} part and add some information about the | |
9645 | removed part. | |
9646 | ||
4009494e GM |
9647 | @item K c |
9648 | @kindex K c (Summary) | |
9649 | Copy the @acronym{MIME} part. | |
9650 | ||
9651 | @item K e | |
9652 | @kindex K e (Summary) | |
9653 | View the @acronym{MIME} part externally. | |
9654 | ||
9655 | @item K i | |
9656 | @kindex K i (Summary) | |
9657 | View the @acronym{MIME} part internally. | |
9658 | ||
9659 | @item K | | |
9660 | @kindex K | (Summary) | |
9661 | Pipe the @acronym{MIME} part to an external command. | |
9662 | @end table | |
9663 | ||
9664 | The rest of these @acronym{MIME} commands do not use the numerical prefix in | |
9665 | the same manner: | |
9666 | ||
9667 | @table @kbd | |
9668 | @item K b | |
9669 | @kindex K b (Summary) | |
9670 | Make all the @acronym{MIME} parts have buttons in front of them. This is | |
9671 | mostly useful if you wish to save (or perform other actions) on inlined | |
9672 | parts. | |
9673 | ||
9674 | @item K m | |
9675 | @kindex K m (Summary) | |
9676 | @findex gnus-summary-repair-multipart | |
9677 | Some multipart messages are transmitted with missing or faulty headers. | |
9678 | This command will attempt to ``repair'' these messages so that they can | |
9679 | be viewed in a more pleasant manner | |
9680 | (@code{gnus-summary-repair-multipart}). | |
9681 | ||
9682 | @item X m | |
9683 | @kindex X m (Summary) | |
9684 | @findex gnus-summary-save-parts | |
9685 | Save all parts matching a @acronym{MIME} type to a directory | |
9686 | (@code{gnus-summary-save-parts}). Understands the process/prefix | |
9687 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
9688 | ||
9689 | @item M-t | |
9690 | @kindex M-t (Summary) | |
9691 | @findex gnus-summary-toggle-display-buttonized | |
9692 | Toggle the buttonized display of the article buffer | |
9693 | (@code{gnus-summary-toggle-display-buttonized}). | |
9694 | ||
9695 | @item W M w | |
9696 | @kindex W M w (Summary) | |
9697 | @findex gnus-article-decode-mime-words | |
9698 | Decode RFC 2047-encoded words in the article headers | |
9699 | (@code{gnus-article-decode-mime-words}). | |
9700 | ||
9701 | @item W M c | |
9702 | @kindex W M c (Summary) | |
9703 | @findex gnus-article-decode-charset | |
9704 | Decode encoded article bodies as well as charsets | |
9705 | (@code{gnus-article-decode-charset}). | |
9706 | ||
9707 | This command looks in the @code{Content-Type} header to determine the | |
9708 | charset. If there is no such header in the article, you can give it a | |
9709 | prefix, which will prompt for the charset to decode as. In regional | |
9710 | groups where people post using some common encoding (but do not | |
9711 | include @acronym{MIME} headers), you can set the @code{charset} group/topic | |
9712 | parameter to the required charset (@pxref{Group Parameters}). | |
9713 | ||
9714 | @item W M v | |
9715 | @kindex W M v (Summary) | |
9716 | @findex gnus-mime-view-all-parts | |
9717 | View all the @acronym{MIME} parts in the current article | |
9718 | (@code{gnus-mime-view-all-parts}). | |
9719 | ||
9720 | @end table | |
9721 | ||
9722 | Relevant variables: | |
9723 | ||
9724 | @table @code | |
9725 | @item gnus-ignored-mime-types | |
9726 | @vindex gnus-ignored-mime-types | |
9727 | This is a list of regexps. @acronym{MIME} types that match a regexp from | |
9728 | this list will be completely ignored by Gnus. The default value is | |
9729 | @code{nil}. | |
9730 | ||
9731 | To have all Vcards be ignored, you'd say something like this: | |
9732 | ||
9733 | @lisp | |
9734 | (setq gnus-ignored-mime-types | |
9735 | '("text/x-vcard")) | |
9736 | @end lisp | |
9737 | ||
9738 | @item gnus-article-loose-mime | |
9739 | @vindex gnus-article-loose-mime | |
9740 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus won't require the @samp{MIME-Version} header | |
9741 | before interpreting the message as a @acronym{MIME} message. This helps | |
9742 | when reading messages from certain broken mail user agents. The | |
9743 | default is @code{nil}. | |
9744 | ||
9745 | @item gnus-article-emulate-mime | |
9746 | @vindex gnus-article-emulate-mime | |
9747 | @cindex uuencode | |
9748 | @cindex yEnc | |
9749 | There are other, non-@acronym{MIME} encoding methods used. The most common | |
9750 | is @samp{uuencode}, but yEncode is also getting to be popular. If | |
9751 | this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will look in message bodies to | |
9752 | see if it finds these encodings, and if so, it'll run them through the | |
9753 | Gnus @acronym{MIME} machinery. The default is @code{t}. Only | |
9754 | single-part yEnc encoded attachments can be decoded. There's no support | |
9755 | for encoding in Gnus. | |
9756 | ||
9757 | @item gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types | |
9758 | @vindex gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types | |
9759 | This is a list of regexps. @acronym{MIME} types that match a regexp from | |
9760 | this list won't have @acronym{MIME} buttons inserted unless they aren't | |
9761 | displayed or this variable is overridden by | |
9762 | @code{gnus-buttonized-mime-types}. The default value is | |
9763 | @code{(".*/.*")}. This variable is only used when | |
9764 | @code{gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing} is @code{nil}. | |
9765 | ||
9766 | @item gnus-buttonized-mime-types | |
9767 | @vindex gnus-buttonized-mime-types | |
9768 | This is a list of regexps. @acronym{MIME} types that match a regexp from | |
9769 | this list will have @acronym{MIME} buttons inserted unless they aren't | |
9770 | displayed. This variable overrides | |
9771 | @code{gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types}. The default value is @code{nil}. | |
9772 | This variable is only used when @code{gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing} | |
9773 | is @code{nil}. | |
9774 | ||
9775 | To see e.g. security buttons but no other buttons, you could set this | |
9776 | variable to @code{("multipart/signed")} and leave | |
9777 | @code{gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types} at the default value. | |
9778 | ||
9779 | You could also add @code{"multipart/alternative"} to this list to | |
9780 | display radio buttons that allow you to choose one of two media types | |
9781 | those mails include. See also @code{mm-discouraged-alternatives} | |
9782 | (@pxref{Display Customization, ,Display Customization, emacs-mime, The | |
9783 | Emacs MIME Manual}). | |
9784 | ||
9785 | @item gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing | |
9786 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing | |
9787 | If this is non-@code{nil}, then all @acronym{MIME} parts get buttons. The | |
9788 | default value is @code{nil}. | |
9789 | ||
9790 | @item gnus-article-mime-part-function | |
9791 | @vindex gnus-article-mime-part-function | |
9792 | For each @acronym{MIME} part, this function will be called with the @acronym{MIME} | |
9793 | handle as the parameter. The function is meant to be used to allow | |
9794 | users to gather information from the article (e. g., add Vcard info to | |
9795 | the bbdb database) or to do actions based on parts (e. g., automatically | |
9796 | save all jpegs into some directory). | |
9797 | ||
9798 | Here's an example function the does the latter: | |
9799 | ||
9800 | @lisp | |
9801 | (defun my-save-all-jpeg-parts (handle) | |
9802 | (when (equal (car (mm-handle-type handle)) "image/jpeg") | |
9803 | (with-temp-buffer | |
9804 | (insert (mm-get-part handle)) | |
9805 | (write-region (point-min) (point-max) | |
9806 | (read-file-name "Save jpeg to: "))))) | |
9807 | (setq gnus-article-mime-part-function | |
9808 | 'my-save-all-jpeg-parts) | |
9809 | @end lisp | |
9810 | ||
9811 | @vindex gnus-mime-multipart-functions | |
9812 | @item gnus-mime-multipart-functions | |
9813 | Alist of @acronym{MIME} multipart types and functions to handle them. | |
9814 | ||
9815 | @vindex gnus-mime-display-multipart-alternative-as-mixed | |
9816 | @item gnus-mime-display-multipart-alternative-as-mixed | |
9817 | Display "multipart/alternative" parts as "multipart/mixed". | |
9818 | ||
9819 | @vindex gnus-mime-display-multipart-related-as-mixed | |
9820 | @item gnus-mime-display-multipart-related-as-mixed | |
9821 | Display "multipart/related" parts as "multipart/mixed". | |
9822 | ||
9823 | If displaying "text/html" is discouraged, see | |
9824 | @code{mm-discouraged-alternatives}, images or other material inside a | |
9825 | "multipart/related" part might be overlooked when this variable is | |
9826 | @code{nil}. @ref{Display Customization, Display Customization, , | |
9827 | emacs-mime, Emacs-Mime Manual}. | |
9828 | ||
9829 | @vindex gnus-mime-display-multipart-as-mixed | |
9830 | @item gnus-mime-display-multipart-as-mixed | |
9831 | Display "multipart" parts as "multipart/mixed". If @code{t}, it | |
9832 | overrides @code{nil} values of | |
9833 | @code{gnus-mime-display-multipart-alternative-as-mixed} and | |
9834 | @code{gnus-mime-display-multipart-related-as-mixed}. | |
9835 | ||
9836 | @vindex mm-file-name-rewrite-functions | |
9837 | @item mm-file-name-rewrite-functions | |
9838 | List of functions used for rewriting file names of @acronym{MIME} parts. | |
9839 | Each function takes a file name as input and returns a file name. | |
9840 | ||
9841 | Ready-made functions include@* | |
9842 | @code{mm-file-name-delete-whitespace}, | |
9843 | @code{mm-file-name-trim-whitespace}, | |
9844 | @code{mm-file-name-collapse-whitespace}, and | |
9845 | @code{mm-file-name-replace-whitespace}. The later uses the value of | |
9846 | the variable @code{mm-file-name-replace-whitespace} to replace each | |
9847 | whitespace character in a file name with that string; default value | |
9848 | is @code{"_"} (a single underscore). | |
9849 | @findex mm-file-name-delete-whitespace | |
9850 | @findex mm-file-name-trim-whitespace | |
9851 | @findex mm-file-name-collapse-whitespace | |
9852 | @findex mm-file-name-replace-whitespace | |
9853 | @vindex mm-file-name-replace-whitespace | |
9854 | ||
9855 | The standard functions @code{capitalize}, @code{downcase}, | |
9856 | @code{upcase}, and @code{upcase-initials} may be useful, too. | |
9857 | ||
9858 | Everybody knows that whitespace characters in file names are evil, | |
9859 | except those who don't know. If you receive lots of attachments from | |
9860 | such unenlightened users, you can make live easier by adding | |
9861 | ||
9862 | @lisp | |
9863 | (setq mm-file-name-rewrite-functions | |
9864 | '(mm-file-name-trim-whitespace | |
9865 | mm-file-name-collapse-whitespace | |
9866 | mm-file-name-replace-whitespace)) | |
9867 | @end lisp | |
9868 | ||
9869 | @noindent | |
9870 | to your @file{~/.gnus.el} file. | |
9871 | ||
9872 | @end table | |
9873 | ||
9874 | ||
9875 | @node Charsets | |
9876 | @section Charsets | |
9877 | @cindex charsets | |
9878 | ||
9879 | People use different charsets, and we have @acronym{MIME} to let us know what | |
9880 | charsets they use. Or rather, we wish we had. Many people use | |
9881 | newsreaders and mailers that do not understand or use @acronym{MIME}, and | |
9882 | just send out messages without saying what character sets they use. To | |
9883 | help a bit with this, some local news hierarchies have policies that say | |
9884 | what character set is the default. For instance, the @samp{fj} | |
9885 | hierarchy uses @code{iso-2022-jp}. | |
9886 | ||
9887 | @vindex gnus-group-charset-alist | |
9888 | This knowledge is encoded in the @code{gnus-group-charset-alist} | |
9889 | variable, which is an alist of regexps (use the first item to match full | |
9890 | group names) and default charsets to be used when reading these groups. | |
9891 | ||
9892 | @vindex gnus-newsgroup-ignored-charsets | |
9893 | In addition, some people do use soi-disant @acronym{MIME}-aware agents that | |
9894 | aren't. These blithely mark messages as being in @code{iso-8859-1} | |
9895 | even if they really are in @code{koi-8}. To help here, the | |
9896 | @code{gnus-newsgroup-ignored-charsets} variable can be used. The | |
9897 | charsets that are listed here will be ignored. The variable can be | |
9898 | set on a group-by-group basis using the group parameters (@pxref{Group | |
9899 | Parameters}). The default value is @code{(unknown-8bit x-unknown)}, | |
9900 | which includes values some agents insist on having in there. | |
9901 | ||
9902 | @vindex gnus-group-posting-charset-alist | |
9903 | When posting, @code{gnus-group-posting-charset-alist} is used to | |
9904 | determine which charsets should not be encoded using the @acronym{MIME} | |
9905 | encodings. For instance, some hierarchies discourage using | |
9906 | quoted-printable header encoding. | |
9907 | ||
9908 | This variable is an alist of regexps and permitted unencoded charsets | |
9909 | for posting. Each element of the alist has the form @code{(}@var{test | |
9910 | header body-list}@code{)}, where: | |
9911 | ||
9912 | @table @var | |
9913 | @item test | |
9914 | is either a regular expression matching the newsgroup header or a | |
9915 | variable to query, | |
9916 | @item header | |
9917 | is the charset which may be left unencoded in the header (@code{nil} | |
9918 | means encode all charsets), | |
9919 | @item body-list | |
9920 | is a list of charsets which may be encoded using 8bit content-transfer | |
9921 | encoding in the body, or one of the special values @code{nil} (always | |
9922 | encode using quoted-printable) or @code{t} (always use 8bit). | |
9923 | @end table | |
9924 | ||
9925 | @cindex Russian | |
9926 | @cindex koi8-r | |
9927 | @cindex koi8-u | |
9928 | @cindex iso-8859-5 | |
9929 | @cindex coding system aliases | |
9930 | @cindex preferred charset | |
9931 | ||
9932 | @xref{Encoding Customization, , Encoding Customization, emacs-mime, | |
9933 | The Emacs MIME Manual}, for additional variables that control which | |
9934 | MIME charsets are used when sending messages. | |
9935 | ||
9936 | Other charset tricks that may be useful, although not Gnus-specific: | |
9937 | ||
9938 | If there are several @acronym{MIME} charsets that encode the same Emacs | |
9939 | charset, you can choose what charset to use by saying the following: | |
9940 | ||
9941 | @lisp | |
9942 | (put-charset-property 'cyrillic-iso8859-5 | |
9943 | 'preferred-coding-system 'koi8-r) | |
9944 | @end lisp | |
9945 | ||
9946 | This means that Russian will be encoded using @code{koi8-r} instead of | |
9947 | the default @code{iso-8859-5} @acronym{MIME} charset. | |
9948 | ||
9949 | If you want to read messages in @code{koi8-u}, you can cheat and say | |
9950 | ||
9951 | @lisp | |
9952 | (define-coding-system-alias 'koi8-u 'koi8-r) | |
9953 | @end lisp | |
9954 | ||
9955 | This will almost do the right thing. | |
9956 | ||
9957 | And finally, to read charsets like @code{windows-1251}, you can say | |
9958 | something like | |
9959 | ||
9960 | @lisp | |
9961 | (codepage-setup 1251) | |
9962 | (define-coding-system-alias 'windows-1251 'cp1251) | |
9963 | @end lisp | |
9964 | ||
9965 | ||
9966 | @node Article Commands | |
9967 | @section Article Commands | |
9968 | ||
9969 | @table @kbd | |
9970 | ||
9971 | @item A P | |
9972 | @cindex PostScript | |
9973 | @cindex printing | |
9974 | @kindex A P (Summary) | |
9975 | @vindex gnus-ps-print-hook | |
9976 | @findex gnus-summary-print-article | |
9977 | Generate and print a PostScript image of the article buffer | |
9978 | (@code{gnus-summary-print-article}). @code{gnus-ps-print-hook} will | |
9979 | be run just before printing the buffer. An alternative way to print | |
9980 | article is to use Muttprint (@pxref{Saving Articles}). | |
9981 | ||
9982 | @end table | |
9983 | ||
9984 | ||
9985 | @node Summary Sorting | |
9986 | @section Summary Sorting | |
9987 | @cindex summary sorting | |
9988 | ||
9989 | You can have the summary buffer sorted in various ways, even though I | |
9990 | can't really see why you'd want that. | |
9991 | ||
9992 | @table @kbd | |
9993 | ||
9994 | @item C-c C-s C-n | |
9995 | @kindex C-c C-s C-n (Summary) | |
9996 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-number | |
9997 | Sort by article number (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-number}). | |
9998 | ||
9999 | @item C-c C-s C-a | |
10000 | @kindex C-c C-s C-a (Summary) | |
10001 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-author | |
10002 | Sort by author (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-author}). | |
10003 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
10004 | @item C-c C-s C-t |
10005 | @kindex C-c C-s C-t (Summary) | |
10006 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-recipient | |
10007 | Sort by recipient (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-recipient}). | |
10008 | ||
4009494e GM |
10009 | @item C-c C-s C-s |
10010 | @kindex C-c C-s C-s (Summary) | |
10011 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-subject | |
10012 | Sort by subject (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-subject}). | |
10013 | ||
10014 | @item C-c C-s C-d | |
10015 | @kindex C-c C-s C-d (Summary) | |
10016 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-date | |
10017 | Sort by date (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-date}). | |
10018 | ||
10019 | @item C-c C-s C-l | |
10020 | @kindex C-c C-s C-l (Summary) | |
10021 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-lines | |
10022 | Sort by lines (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-lines}). | |
10023 | ||
10024 | @item C-c C-s C-c | |
10025 | @kindex C-c C-s C-c (Summary) | |
10026 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-chars | |
10027 | Sort by article length (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-chars}). | |
10028 | ||
10029 | @item C-c C-s C-i | |
10030 | @kindex C-c C-s C-i (Summary) | |
10031 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-score | |
10032 | Sort by score (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-score}). | |
10033 | ||
10034 | @item C-c C-s C-r | |
10035 | @kindex C-c C-s C-r (Summary) | |
10036 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-random | |
10037 | Randomize (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-random}). | |
10038 | ||
10039 | @item C-c C-s C-o | |
10040 | @kindex C-c C-s C-o (Summary) | |
10041 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-original | |
10042 | Sort using the default sorting method | |
10043 | (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-original}). | |
10044 | @end table | |
10045 | ||
10046 | These functions will work both when you use threading and when you don't | |
10047 | use threading. In the latter case, all summary lines will be sorted, | |
10048 | line by line. In the former case, sorting will be done on a | |
10049 | root-by-root basis, which might not be what you were looking for. To | |
10050 | toggle whether to use threading, type @kbd{T T} (@pxref{Thread | |
10051 | Commands}). | |
10052 | ||
10053 | ||
10054 | @node Finding the Parent | |
10055 | @section Finding the Parent | |
10056 | @cindex parent articles | |
10057 | @cindex referring articles | |
10058 | ||
10059 | @table @kbd | |
10060 | @item ^ | |
10061 | @kindex ^ (Summary) | |
10062 | @findex gnus-summary-refer-parent-article | |
10063 | If you'd like to read the parent of the current article, and it is not | |
10064 | displayed in the summary buffer, you might still be able to. That is, | |
10065 | if the current group is fetched by @acronym{NNTP}, the parent hasn't expired | |
10066 | and the @code{References} in the current article are not mangled, you | |
10067 | can just press @kbd{^} or @kbd{A r} | |
10068 | (@code{gnus-summary-refer-parent-article}). If everything goes well, | |
10069 | you'll get the parent. If the parent is already displayed in the | |
10070 | summary buffer, point will just move to this article. | |
10071 | ||
10072 | If given a positive numerical prefix, fetch that many articles back into | |
10073 | the ancestry. If given a negative numerical prefix, fetch just that | |
10074 | ancestor. So if you say @kbd{3 ^}, Gnus will fetch the parent, the | |
10075 | grandparent and the grandgrandparent of the current article. If you say | |
10076 | @kbd{-3 ^}, Gnus will only fetch the grandgrandparent of the current | |
10077 | article. | |
10078 | ||
10079 | @item A R (Summary) | |
10080 | @findex gnus-summary-refer-references | |
10081 | @kindex A R (Summary) | |
10082 | Fetch all articles mentioned in the @code{References} header of the | |
10083 | article (@code{gnus-summary-refer-references}). | |
10084 | ||
10085 | @item A T (Summary) | |
10086 | @findex gnus-summary-refer-thread | |
10087 | @kindex A T (Summary) | |
10088 | Display the full thread where the current article appears | |
10089 | (@code{gnus-summary-refer-thread}). This command has to fetch all the | |
10090 | headers in the current group to work, so it usually takes a while. If | |
10091 | you do it often, you may consider setting @code{gnus-fetch-old-headers} | |
10092 | to @code{invisible} (@pxref{Filling In Threads}). This won't have any | |
10093 | visible effects normally, but it'll make this command work a whole lot | |
10094 | faster. Of course, it'll make group entry somewhat slow. | |
10095 | ||
10096 | @vindex gnus-refer-thread-limit | |
10097 | The @code{gnus-refer-thread-limit} variable says how many old (i. e., | |
10098 | articles before the first displayed in the current group) headers to | |
10099 | fetch when doing this command. The default is 200. If @code{t}, all | |
10100 | the available headers will be fetched. This variable can be overridden | |
10101 | by giving the @kbd{A T} command a numerical prefix. | |
10102 | ||
10103 | @item M-^ (Summary) | |
10104 | @findex gnus-summary-refer-article | |
10105 | @kindex M-^ (Summary) | |
10106 | @cindex Message-ID | |
10107 | @cindex fetching by Message-ID | |
10108 | You can also ask Gnus for an arbitrary article, no matter what group it | |
10109 | belongs to. @kbd{M-^} (@code{gnus-summary-refer-article}) will ask you | |
10110 | for a @code{Message-ID}, which is one of those long, hard-to-read | |
10111 | thingies that look something like @samp{<38o6up$6f2@@hymir.ifi.uio.no>}. | |
10112 | You have to get it all exactly right. No fuzzy searches, I'm afraid. | |
10113 | ||
10114 | Gnus looks for the @code{Message-ID} in the headers that have already | |
10115 | been fetched, but also tries all the select methods specified by | |
10116 | @code{gnus-refer-article-method} if it is not found. | |
10117 | @end table | |
10118 | ||
10119 | @vindex gnus-refer-article-method | |
10120 | If the group you are reading is located on a back end that does not | |
10121 | support fetching by @code{Message-ID} very well (like @code{nnspool}), | |
10122 | you can set @code{gnus-refer-article-method} to an @acronym{NNTP} method. It | |
10123 | would, perhaps, be best if the @acronym{NNTP} server you consult is the one | |
10124 | updating the spool you are reading from, but that's not really | |
10125 | necessary. | |
10126 | ||
10127 | It can also be a list of select methods, as well as the special symbol | |
10128 | @code{current}, which means to use the current select method. If it | |
10129 | is a list, Gnus will try all the methods in the list until it finds a | |
10130 | match. | |
10131 | ||
10132 | Here's an example setting that will first try the current method, and | |
10133 | then ask Google if that fails: | |
10134 | ||
10135 | @lisp | |
10136 | (setq gnus-refer-article-method | |
10137 | '(current | |
10138 | (nnweb "google" (nnweb-type google)))) | |
10139 | @end lisp | |
10140 | ||
10141 | Most of the mail back ends support fetching by @code{Message-ID}, but | |
10142 | do not do a particularly excellent job at it. That is, @code{nnmbox}, | |
10143 | @code{nnbabyl}, @code{nnmaildir}, @code{nnml}, are able to locate | |
10144 | articles from any groups, while @code{nnfolder}, and @code{nnimap} are | |
10145 | only able to locate articles that have been posted to the current | |
10146 | group. (Anything else would be too time consuming.) @code{nnmh} does | |
10147 | not support this at all. | |
10148 | ||
10149 | ||
10150 | @node Alternative Approaches | |
10151 | @section Alternative Approaches | |
10152 | ||
10153 | Different people like to read news using different methods. This being | |
10154 | Gnus, we offer a small selection of minor modes for the summary buffers. | |
10155 | ||
10156 | @menu | |
10157 | * Pick and Read:: First mark articles and then read them. | |
10158 | * Binary Groups:: Auto-decode all articles. | |
10159 | @end menu | |
10160 | ||
10161 | ||
10162 | @node Pick and Read | |
10163 | @subsection Pick and Read | |
10164 | @cindex pick and read | |
10165 | ||
10166 | Some newsreaders (like @code{nn} and, uhm, @code{Netnews} on VM/CMS) use | |
10167 | a two-phased reading interface. The user first marks in a summary | |
10168 | buffer the articles she wants to read. Then she starts reading the | |
10169 | articles with just an article buffer displayed. | |
10170 | ||
10171 | @findex gnus-pick-mode | |
10172 | @kindex M-x gnus-pick-mode | |
10173 | Gnus provides a summary buffer minor mode that allows | |
10174 | this---@code{gnus-pick-mode}. This basically means that a few process | |
10175 | mark commands become one-keystroke commands to allow easy marking, and | |
10176 | it provides one additional command for switching to the summary buffer. | |
10177 | ||
10178 | Here are the available keystrokes when using pick mode: | |
10179 | ||
10180 | @table @kbd | |
10181 | @item . | |
10182 | @kindex . (Pick) | |
10183 | @findex gnus-pick-article-or-thread | |
10184 | Pick the article or thread on the current line | |
10185 | (@code{gnus-pick-article-or-thread}). If the variable | |
10186 | @code{gnus-thread-hide-subtree} is true, then this key selects the | |
10187 | entire thread when used at the first article of the thread. Otherwise, | |
10188 | it selects just the article. If given a numerical prefix, go to that | |
10189 | thread or article and pick it. (The line number is normally displayed | |
10190 | at the beginning of the summary pick lines.) | |
10191 | ||
10192 | @item SPACE | |
10193 | @kindex SPACE (Pick) | |
10194 | @findex gnus-pick-next-page | |
10195 | Scroll the summary buffer up one page (@code{gnus-pick-next-page}). If | |
10196 | at the end of the buffer, start reading the picked articles. | |
10197 | ||
10198 | @item u | |
10199 | @kindex u (Pick) | |
10200 | @findex gnus-pick-unmark-article-or-thread. | |
10201 | Unpick the thread or article | |
10202 | (@code{gnus-pick-unmark-article-or-thread}). If the variable | |
10203 | @code{gnus-thread-hide-subtree} is true, then this key unpicks the | |
10204 | thread if used at the first article of the thread. Otherwise it unpicks | |
10205 | just the article. You can give this key a numerical prefix to unpick | |
10206 | the thread or article at that line. | |
10207 | ||
10208 | @item RET | |
10209 | @kindex RET (Pick) | |
10210 | @findex gnus-pick-start-reading | |
10211 | @vindex gnus-pick-display-summary | |
10212 | Start reading the picked articles (@code{gnus-pick-start-reading}). If | |
10213 | given a prefix, mark all unpicked articles as read first. If | |
10214 | @code{gnus-pick-display-summary} is non-@code{nil}, the summary buffer | |
10215 | will still be visible when you are reading. | |
10216 | ||
10217 | @end table | |
10218 | ||
10219 | All the normal summary mode commands are still available in the | |
10220 | pick-mode, with the exception of @kbd{u}. However @kbd{!} is available | |
10221 | which is mapped to the same function | |
10222 | @code{gnus-summary-tick-article-forward}. | |
10223 | ||
10224 | If this sounds like a good idea to you, you could say: | |
10225 | ||
10226 | @lisp | |
10227 | (add-hook 'gnus-summary-mode-hook 'gnus-pick-mode) | |
10228 | @end lisp | |
10229 | ||
10230 | @vindex gnus-pick-mode-hook | |
10231 | @code{gnus-pick-mode-hook} is run in pick minor mode buffers. | |
10232 | ||
10233 | @vindex gnus-mark-unpicked-articles-as-read | |
10234 | If @code{gnus-mark-unpicked-articles-as-read} is non-@code{nil}, mark | |
10235 | all unpicked articles as read. The default is @code{nil}. | |
10236 | ||
10237 | @vindex gnus-summary-pick-line-format | |
10238 | The summary line format in pick mode is slightly different from the | |
10239 | standard format. At the beginning of each line the line number is | |
10240 | displayed. The pick mode line format is controlled by the | |
10241 | @code{gnus-summary-pick-line-format} variable (@pxref{Formatting | |
10242 | Variables}). It accepts the same format specs that | |
10243 | @code{gnus-summary-line-format} does (@pxref{Summary Buffer Lines}). | |
10244 | ||
10245 | ||
10246 | @node Binary Groups | |
10247 | @subsection Binary Groups | |
10248 | @cindex binary groups | |
10249 | ||
10250 | @findex gnus-binary-mode | |
10251 | @kindex M-x gnus-binary-mode | |
10252 | If you spend much time in binary groups, you may grow tired of hitting | |
10253 | @kbd{X u}, @kbd{n}, @kbd{RET} all the time. @kbd{M-x gnus-binary-mode} | |
10254 | is a minor mode for summary buffers that makes all ordinary Gnus article | |
10255 | selection functions uudecode series of articles and display the result | |
10256 | instead of just displaying the articles the normal way. | |
10257 | ||
10258 | @kindex g (Binary) | |
10259 | @findex gnus-binary-show-article | |
10260 | The only way, in fact, to see the actual articles is the @kbd{g} | |
10261 | command, when you have turned on this mode | |
10262 | (@code{gnus-binary-show-article}). | |
10263 | ||
10264 | @vindex gnus-binary-mode-hook | |
10265 | @code{gnus-binary-mode-hook} is called in binary minor mode buffers. | |
10266 | ||
10267 | ||
10268 | @node Tree Display | |
10269 | @section Tree Display | |
10270 | @cindex trees | |
10271 | ||
10272 | @vindex gnus-use-trees | |
10273 | If you don't like the normal Gnus summary display, you might try setting | |
10274 | @code{gnus-use-trees} to @code{t}. This will create (by default) an | |
10275 | additional @dfn{tree buffer}. You can execute all summary mode commands | |
10276 | in the tree buffer. | |
10277 | ||
10278 | There are a few variables to customize the tree display, of course: | |
10279 | ||
10280 | @table @code | |
10281 | @item gnus-tree-mode-hook | |
10282 | @vindex gnus-tree-mode-hook | |
10283 | A hook called in all tree mode buffers. | |
10284 | ||
10285 | @item gnus-tree-mode-line-format | |
10286 | @vindex gnus-tree-mode-line-format | |
10287 | A format string for the mode bar in the tree mode buffers (@pxref{Mode | |
10288 | Line Formatting}). The default is @samp{Gnus: %%b %S %Z}. For a list | |
10289 | of valid specs, @pxref{Summary Buffer Mode Line}. | |
10290 | ||
10291 | @item gnus-selected-tree-face | |
10292 | @vindex gnus-selected-tree-face | |
10293 | Face used for highlighting the selected article in the tree buffer. The | |
10294 | default is @code{modeline}. | |
10295 | ||
10296 | @item gnus-tree-line-format | |
10297 | @vindex gnus-tree-line-format | |
10298 | A format string for the tree nodes. The name is a bit of a misnomer, | |
10299 | though---it doesn't define a line, but just the node. The default value | |
10300 | is @samp{%(%[%3,3n%]%)}, which displays the first three characters of | |
10301 | the name of the poster. It is vital that all nodes are of the same | |
10302 | length, so you @emph{must} use @samp{%4,4n}-like specifiers. | |
10303 | ||
10304 | Valid specs are: | |
10305 | ||
10306 | @table @samp | |
10307 | @item n | |
10308 | The name of the poster. | |
10309 | @item f | |
10310 | The @code{From} header. | |
10311 | @item N | |
10312 | The number of the article. | |
10313 | @item [ | |
10314 | The opening bracket. | |
10315 | @item ] | |
10316 | The closing bracket. | |
10317 | @item s | |
10318 | The subject. | |
10319 | @end table | |
10320 | ||
10321 | @xref{Formatting Variables}. | |
10322 | ||
10323 | Variables related to the display are: | |
10324 | ||
10325 | @table @code | |
10326 | @item gnus-tree-brackets | |
10327 | @vindex gnus-tree-brackets | |
10328 | This is used for differentiating between ``real'' articles and | |
10329 | ``sparse'' articles. The format is | |
10330 | @example | |
10331 | ((@var{real-open} . @var{real-close}) | |
10332 | (@var{sparse-open} . @var{sparse-close}) | |
10333 | (@var{dummy-open} . @var{dummy-close})) | |
10334 | @end example | |
10335 | and the default is @code{((?[ . ?]) (?( . ?)) (?@{ . ?@}) (?< . ?>))}. | |
10336 | ||
10337 | @item gnus-tree-parent-child-edges | |
10338 | @vindex gnus-tree-parent-child-edges | |
10339 | This is a list that contains the characters used for connecting parent | |
10340 | nodes to their children. The default is @code{(?- ?\\ ?|)}. | |
10341 | ||
10342 | @end table | |
10343 | ||
10344 | @item gnus-tree-minimize-window | |
10345 | @vindex gnus-tree-minimize-window | |
10346 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will try to keep the tree | |
10347 | buffer as small as possible to allow more room for the other Gnus | |
10348 | windows. If this variable is a number, the tree buffer will never be | |
10349 | higher than that number. The default is @code{t}. Note that if you | |
10350 | have several windows displayed side-by-side in a frame and the tree | |
10351 | buffer is one of these, minimizing the tree window will also resize all | |
10352 | other windows displayed next to it. | |
10353 | ||
10354 | You may also wish to add the following hook to keep the window minimized | |
10355 | at all times: | |
10356 | ||
10357 | @lisp | |
10358 | (add-hook 'gnus-configure-windows-hook | |
10359 | 'gnus-tree-perhaps-minimize) | |
10360 | @end lisp | |
10361 | ||
10362 | @item gnus-generate-tree-function | |
10363 | @vindex gnus-generate-tree-function | |
10364 | @findex gnus-generate-horizontal-tree | |
10365 | @findex gnus-generate-vertical-tree | |
10366 | The function that actually generates the thread tree. Two predefined | |
10367 | functions are available: @code{gnus-generate-horizontal-tree} and | |
10368 | @code{gnus-generate-vertical-tree} (which is the default). | |
10369 | ||
10370 | @end table | |
10371 | ||
10372 | Here's an example from a horizontal tree buffer: | |
10373 | ||
10374 | @example | |
10375 | @{***@}-(***)-[odd]-[Gun] | |
10376 | | \[Jan] | |
10377 | | \[odd]-[Eri] | |
10378 | | \(***)-[Eri] | |
10379 | | \[odd]-[Paa] | |
10380 | \[Bjo] | |
10381 | \[Gun] | |
10382 | \[Gun]-[Jor] | |
10383 | @end example | |
10384 | ||
10385 | Here's the same thread displayed in a vertical tree buffer: | |
10386 | ||
10387 | @example | |
10388 | @group | |
10389 | @{***@} | |
10390 | |--------------------------\-----\-----\ | |
10391 | (***) [Bjo] [Gun] [Gun] | |
10392 | |--\-----\-----\ | | |
10393 | [odd] [Jan] [odd] (***) [Jor] | |
10394 | | | |--\ | |
10395 | [Gun] [Eri] [Eri] [odd] | |
10396 | | | |
10397 | [Paa] | |
10398 | @end group | |
10399 | @end example | |
10400 | ||
10401 | If you're using horizontal trees, it might be nice to display the trees | |
10402 | side-by-side with the summary buffer. You could add something like the | |
10403 | following to your @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
10404 | ||
10405 | @lisp | |
10406 | (setq gnus-use-trees t | |
10407 | gnus-generate-tree-function 'gnus-generate-horizontal-tree | |
10408 | gnus-tree-minimize-window nil) | |
10409 | (gnus-add-configuration | |
10410 | '(article | |
10411 | (vertical 1.0 | |
10412 | (horizontal 0.25 | |
10413 | (summary 0.75 point) | |
10414 | (tree 1.0)) | |
10415 | (article 1.0)))) | |
10416 | @end lisp | |
10417 | ||
10418 | @xref{Window Layout}. | |
10419 | ||
10420 | ||
10421 | @node Mail Group Commands | |
10422 | @section Mail Group Commands | |
10423 | @cindex mail group commands | |
10424 | ||
10425 | Some commands only make sense in mail groups. If these commands are | |
10426 | invalid in the current group, they will raise a hell and let you know. | |
10427 | ||
10428 | All these commands (except the expiry and edit commands) use the | |
10429 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
10430 | ||
10431 | @table @kbd | |
10432 | ||
10433 | @item B e | |
10434 | @kindex B e (Summary) | |
10435 | @findex gnus-summary-expire-articles | |
10436 | @cindex expiring mail | |
10437 | Run all expirable articles in the current group through the expiry | |
10438 | process (@code{gnus-summary-expire-articles}). That is, delete all | |
10439 | expirable articles in the group that have been around for a while. | |
10440 | (@pxref{Expiring Mail}). | |
10441 | ||
10442 | @item B C-M-e | |
10443 | @kindex B C-M-e (Summary) | |
10444 | @findex gnus-summary-expire-articles-now | |
10445 | @cindex expiring mail | |
10446 | Delete all the expirable articles in the group | |
10447 | (@code{gnus-summary-expire-articles-now}). This means that @strong{all} | |
10448 | articles eligible for expiry in the current group will | |
10449 | disappear forever into that big @file{/dev/null} in the sky. | |
10450 | ||
10451 | @item B DEL | |
10452 | @kindex B DEL (Summary) | |
10453 | @findex gnus-summary-delete-article | |
10454 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-delete} | |
10455 | Delete the mail article. This is ``delete'' as in ``delete it from your | |
10456 | disk forever and ever, never to return again.'' Use with caution. | |
10457 | (@code{gnus-summary-delete-article}). | |
10458 | ||
10459 | @item B m | |
10460 | @kindex B m (Summary) | |
10461 | @cindex move mail | |
10462 | @findex gnus-summary-move-article | |
10463 | @vindex gnus-preserve-marks | |
10464 | Move the article from one mail group to another | |
10465 | (@code{gnus-summary-move-article}). Marks will be preserved if | |
10466 | @code{gnus-preserve-marks} is non-@code{nil} (which is the default). | |
10467 | ||
10468 | @item B c | |
10469 | @kindex B c (Summary) | |
10470 | @cindex copy mail | |
10471 | @findex gnus-summary-copy-article | |
10472 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-copy} | |
10473 | Copy the article from one group (mail group or not) to a mail group | |
10474 | (@code{gnus-summary-copy-article}). Marks will be preserved if | |
10475 | @code{gnus-preserve-marks} is non-@code{nil} (which is the default). | |
10476 | ||
10477 | @item B B | |
10478 | @kindex B B (Summary) | |
10479 | @cindex crosspost mail | |
10480 | @findex gnus-summary-crosspost-article | |
10481 | Crosspost the current article to some other group | |
10482 | (@code{gnus-summary-crosspost-article}). This will create a new copy of | |
10483 | the article in the other group, and the Xref headers of the article will | |
10484 | be properly updated. | |
10485 | ||
10486 | @item B i | |
10487 | @kindex B i (Summary) | |
10488 | @findex gnus-summary-import-article | |
10489 | Import an arbitrary file into the current mail newsgroup | |
10490 | (@code{gnus-summary-import-article}). You will be prompted for a file | |
10491 | name, a @code{From} header and a @code{Subject} header. | |
10492 | ||
10493 | @item B I | |
10494 | @kindex B I (Summary) | |
10495 | @findex gnus-summary-create-article | |
10496 | Create an empty article in the current mail newsgroups | |
10497 | (@code{gnus-summary-create-article}). You will be prompted for a | |
10498 | @code{From} header and a @code{Subject} header. | |
10499 | ||
10500 | @item B r | |
10501 | @kindex B r (Summary) | |
10502 | @findex gnus-summary-respool-article | |
10503 | @vindex gnus-summary-respool-default-method | |
10504 | Respool the mail article (@code{gnus-summary-respool-article}). | |
10505 | @code{gnus-summary-respool-default-method} will be used as the default | |
10506 | select method when respooling. This variable is @code{nil} by default, | |
10507 | which means that the current group select method will be used instead. | |
10508 | Marks will be preserved if @code{gnus-preserve-marks} is non-@code{nil} | |
10509 | (which is the default). | |
10510 | ||
10511 | @item B w | |
10512 | @itemx e | |
10513 | @kindex B w (Summary) | |
10514 | @kindex e (Summary) | |
10515 | @findex gnus-summary-edit-article | |
10516 | @kindex C-c C-c (Article) | |
10517 | @findex gnus-summary-edit-article-done | |
10518 | Edit the current article (@code{gnus-summary-edit-article}). To finish | |
10519 | editing and make the changes permanent, type @kbd{C-c C-c} | |
10520 | (@code{gnus-summary-edit-article-done}). If you give a prefix to the | |
10521 | @kbd{C-c C-c} command, Gnus won't re-highlight the article. | |
10522 | ||
10523 | @item B q | |
10524 | @kindex B q (Summary) | |
10525 | @findex gnus-summary-respool-query | |
10526 | If you want to re-spool an article, you might be curious as to what group | |
10527 | the article will end up in before you do the re-spooling. This command | |
10528 | will tell you (@code{gnus-summary-respool-query}). | |
10529 | ||
10530 | @item B t | |
10531 | @kindex B t (Summary) | |
10532 | @findex gnus-summary-respool-trace | |
10533 | Similarly, this command will display all fancy splitting patterns used | |
10534 | when respooling, if any (@code{gnus-summary-respool-trace}). | |
10535 | ||
10536 | @item B p | |
10537 | @kindex B p (Summary) | |
10538 | @findex gnus-summary-article-posted-p | |
10539 | Some people have a tendency to send you ``courtesy'' copies when they | |
10540 | follow up to articles you have posted. These usually have a | |
10541 | @code{Newsgroups} header in them, but not always. This command | |
10542 | (@code{gnus-summary-article-posted-p}) will try to fetch the current | |
10543 | article from your news server (or rather, from | |
10544 | @code{gnus-refer-article-method} or @code{gnus-select-method}) and will | |
10545 | report back whether it found the article or not. Even if it says that | |
10546 | it didn't find the article, it may have been posted anyway---mail | |
10547 | propagation is much faster than news propagation, and the news copy may | |
10548 | just not have arrived yet. | |
10549 | ||
10550 | @item K E | |
10551 | @kindex K E (Summary) | |
10552 | @findex gnus-article-encrypt-body | |
10553 | @vindex gnus-article-encrypt-protocol | |
10554 | Encrypt the body of an article (@code{gnus-article-encrypt-body}). | |
10555 | The body is encrypted with the encryption protocol specified by the | |
10556 | variable @code{gnus-article-encrypt-protocol}. | |
10557 | ||
10558 | @end table | |
10559 | ||
10560 | @vindex gnus-move-split-methods | |
10561 | @cindex moving articles | |
10562 | If you move (or copy) articles regularly, you might wish to have Gnus | |
10563 | suggest where to put the articles. @code{gnus-move-split-methods} is a | |
10564 | variable that uses the same syntax as @code{gnus-split-methods} | |
10565 | (@pxref{Saving Articles}). You may customize that variable to create | |
10566 | suggestions you find reasonable. (Note that | |
10567 | @code{gnus-move-split-methods} uses group names where | |
10568 | @code{gnus-split-methods} uses file names.) | |
10569 | ||
10570 | @lisp | |
10571 | (setq gnus-move-split-methods | |
10572 | '(("^From:.*Lars Magne" "nnml:junk") | |
10573 | ("^Subject:.*gnus" "nnfolder:important") | |
10574 | (".*" "nnml:misc"))) | |
10575 | @end lisp | |
10576 | ||
10577 | ||
10578 | @node Various Summary Stuff | |
10579 | @section Various Summary Stuff | |
10580 | ||
10581 | @menu | |
10582 | * Summary Group Information:: Information oriented commands. | |
10583 | * Searching for Articles:: Multiple article commands. | |
10584 | * Summary Generation Commands:: | |
10585 | * Really Various Summary Commands:: Those pesky non-conformant commands. | |
10586 | @end menu | |
10587 | ||
10588 | @table @code | |
10589 | @vindex gnus-summary-display-while-building | |
10590 | @item gnus-summary-display-while-building | |
10591 | If non-@code{nil}, show and update the summary buffer as it's being | |
10592 | built. If @code{t}, update the buffer after every line is inserted. | |
10593 | If the value is an integer, @var{n}, update the display every @var{n} | |
10594 | lines. The default is @code{nil}. | |
10595 | ||
10596 | @vindex gnus-summary-display-arrow | |
10597 | @item gnus-summary-display-arrow | |
10598 | If non-@code{nil}, display an arrow in the fringe to indicate the | |
10599 | current article. | |
10600 | ||
10601 | @vindex gnus-summary-mode-hook | |
10602 | @item gnus-summary-mode-hook | |
10603 | This hook is called when creating a summary mode buffer. | |
10604 | ||
10605 | @vindex gnus-summary-generate-hook | |
10606 | @item gnus-summary-generate-hook | |
10607 | This is called as the last thing before doing the threading and the | |
10608 | generation of the summary buffer. It's quite convenient for customizing | |
10609 | the threading variables based on what data the newsgroup has. This hook | |
10610 | is called from the summary buffer after most summary buffer variables | |
10611 | have been set. | |
10612 | ||
10613 | @vindex gnus-summary-prepare-hook | |
10614 | @item gnus-summary-prepare-hook | |
10615 | It is called after the summary buffer has been generated. You might use | |
10616 | it to, for instance, highlight lines or modify the look of the buffer in | |
10617 | some other ungodly manner. I don't care. | |
10618 | ||
10619 | @vindex gnus-summary-prepared-hook | |
10620 | @item gnus-summary-prepared-hook | |
10621 | A hook called as the very last thing after the summary buffer has been | |
10622 | generated. | |
10623 | ||
10624 | @vindex gnus-summary-ignore-duplicates | |
10625 | @item gnus-summary-ignore-duplicates | |
10626 | When Gnus discovers two articles that have the same @code{Message-ID}, | |
10627 | it has to do something drastic. No articles are allowed to have the | |
10628 | same @code{Message-ID}, but this may happen when reading mail from some | |
10629 | sources. Gnus allows you to customize what happens with this variable. | |
10630 | If it is @code{nil} (which is the default), Gnus will rename the | |
10631 | @code{Message-ID} (for display purposes only) and display the article as | |
10632 | any other article. If this variable is @code{t}, it won't display the | |
10633 | article---it'll be as if it never existed. | |
10634 | ||
10635 | @vindex gnus-alter-articles-to-read-function | |
10636 | @item gnus-alter-articles-to-read-function | |
10637 | This function, which takes two parameters (the group name and the list | |
10638 | of articles to be selected), is called to allow the user to alter the | |
10639 | list of articles to be selected. | |
10640 | ||
10641 | For instance, the following function adds the list of cached articles to | |
10642 | the list in one particular group: | |
10643 | ||
10644 | @lisp | |
10645 | (defun my-add-cached-articles (group articles) | |
10646 | (if (string= group "some.group") | |
10647 | (append gnus-newsgroup-cached articles) | |
10648 | articles)) | |
10649 | @end lisp | |
10650 | ||
10651 | @vindex gnus-newsgroup-variables | |
10652 | @item gnus-newsgroup-variables | |
10653 | A list of newsgroup (summary buffer) local variables, or cons of | |
10654 | variables and their default expressions to be evalled (when the default | |
10655 | values are not @code{nil}), that should be made global while the summary | |
10656 | buffer is active. | |
10657 | ||
10658 | Note: The default expressions will be evaluated (using function | |
10659 | @code{eval}) before assignment to the local variable rather than just | |
10660 | assigned to it. If the default expression is the symbol @code{global}, | |
10661 | that symbol will not be evaluated but the global value of the local | |
10662 | variable will be used instead. | |
10663 | ||
10664 | These variables can be used to set variables in the group parameters | |
10665 | while still allowing them to affect operations done in other | |
10666 | buffers. For example: | |
10667 | ||
10668 | @lisp | |
10669 | (setq gnus-newsgroup-variables | |
10670 | '(message-use-followup-to | |
10671 | (gnus-visible-headers . | |
10672 | "^From:\\|^Newsgroups:\\|^Subject:\\|^Date:\\|^To:"))) | |
10673 | @end lisp | |
10674 | ||
10675 | Also @pxref{Group Parameters}. | |
10676 | @end table | |
10677 | ||
10678 | ||
10679 | @node Summary Group Information | |
10680 | @subsection Summary Group Information | |
10681 | ||
10682 | @table @kbd | |
10683 | ||
10684 | @item H f | |
10685 | @kindex H f (Summary) | |
10686 | @findex gnus-summary-fetch-faq | |
10687 | @vindex gnus-group-faq-directory | |
10688 | Try to fetch the @acronym{FAQ} (list of frequently asked questions) | |
10689 | for the current group (@code{gnus-summary-fetch-faq}). Gnus will try | |
10690 | to get the @acronym{FAQ} from @code{gnus-group-faq-directory}, which | |
10691 | is usually a directory on a remote machine. This variable can also be | |
10692 | a list of directories. In that case, giving a prefix to this command | |
10693 | will allow you to choose between the various sites. @code{ange-ftp} | |
10694 | or @code{efs} will probably be used for fetching the file. | |
10695 | ||
10696 | @item H d | |
10697 | @kindex H d (Summary) | |
10698 | @findex gnus-summary-describe-group | |
10699 | Give a brief description of the current group | |
10700 | (@code{gnus-summary-describe-group}). If given a prefix, force | |
10701 | rereading the description from the server. | |
10702 | ||
10703 | @item H h | |
10704 | @kindex H h (Summary) | |
10705 | @findex gnus-summary-describe-briefly | |
10706 | Give an extremely brief description of the most important summary | |
10707 | keystrokes (@code{gnus-summary-describe-briefly}). | |
10708 | ||
10709 | @item H i | |
10710 | @kindex H i (Summary) | |
10711 | @findex gnus-info-find-node | |
10712 | Go to the Gnus info node (@code{gnus-info-find-node}). | |
10713 | @end table | |
10714 | ||
10715 | ||
10716 | @node Searching for Articles | |
10717 | @subsection Searching for Articles | |
10718 | ||
10719 | @table @kbd | |
10720 | ||
10721 | @item M-s | |
10722 | @kindex M-s (Summary) | |
10723 | @findex gnus-summary-search-article-forward | |
10724 | Search through all subsequent (raw) articles for a regexp | |
10725 | (@code{gnus-summary-search-article-forward}). | |
10726 | ||
10727 | @item M-r | |
10728 | @kindex M-r (Summary) | |
10729 | @findex gnus-summary-search-article-backward | |
10730 | Search through all previous (raw) articles for a regexp | |
10731 | (@code{gnus-summary-search-article-backward}). | |
10732 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
10733 | @item M-S |
10734 | @kindex M-S (Summary) | |
10735 | @findex gnus-summary-repeat-search-article-forward | |
10736 | Repeat the previous search forwards | |
10737 | (@code{gnus-summary-repeat-search-article-forward}). | |
10738 | ||
10739 | @item M-R | |
10740 | @kindex M-R (Summary) | |
10741 | @findex gnus-summary-repeat-search-article-backward | |
10742 | Repeat the previous search backwards | |
10743 | (@code{gnus-summary-repeat-search-article-backward}). | |
10744 | ||
4009494e GM |
10745 | @item & |
10746 | @kindex & (Summary) | |
10747 | @findex gnus-summary-execute-command | |
10748 | This command will prompt you for a header, a regular expression to match | |
10749 | on this field, and a command to be executed if the match is made | |
10750 | (@code{gnus-summary-execute-command}). If the header is an empty | |
10751 | string, the match is done on the entire article. If given a prefix, | |
10752 | search backward instead. | |
10753 | ||
10754 | For instance, @kbd{& RET some.*string RET #} will put the process mark on | |
10755 | all articles that have heads or bodies that match @samp{some.*string}. | |
10756 | ||
10757 | @item M-& | |
10758 | @kindex M-& (Summary) | |
10759 | @findex gnus-summary-universal-argument | |
10760 | Perform any operation on all articles that have been marked with | |
10761 | the process mark (@code{gnus-summary-universal-argument}). | |
10762 | @end table | |
10763 | ||
10764 | @node Summary Generation Commands | |
10765 | @subsection Summary Generation Commands | |
10766 | ||
10767 | @table @kbd | |
10768 | ||
10769 | @item Y g | |
10770 | @kindex Y g (Summary) | |
10771 | @findex gnus-summary-prepare | |
10772 | Regenerate the current summary buffer (@code{gnus-summary-prepare}). | |
10773 | ||
10774 | @item Y c | |
10775 | @kindex Y c (Summary) | |
10776 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-cached-articles | |
10777 | Pull all cached articles (for the current group) into the summary buffer | |
10778 | (@code{gnus-summary-insert-cached-articles}). | |
10779 | ||
10780 | @item Y d | |
10781 | @kindex Y d (Summary) | |
10782 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-dormant-articles | |
10783 | Pull all dormant articles (for the current group) into the summary buffer | |
10784 | (@code{gnus-summary-insert-dormant-articles}). | |
10785 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
10786 | @item Y t |
10787 | @kindex Y t (Summary) | |
10788 | @findex gnus-summary-insert-ticked-articles | |
10789 | Pull all ticked articles (for the current group) into the summary buffer | |
10790 | (@code{gnus-summary-insert-ticked-articles}). | |
10791 | ||
4009494e GM |
10792 | @end table |
10793 | ||
10794 | ||
10795 | @node Really Various Summary Commands | |
10796 | @subsection Really Various Summary Commands | |
10797 | ||
10798 | @table @kbd | |
10799 | ||
10800 | @item A D | |
10801 | @itemx C-d | |
10802 | @kindex C-d (Summary) | |
10803 | @kindex A D (Summary) | |
10804 | @findex gnus-summary-enter-digest-group | |
10805 | If the current article is a collection of other articles (for instance, | |
10806 | a digest), you might use this command to enter a group based on the that | |
10807 | article (@code{gnus-summary-enter-digest-group}). Gnus will try to | |
10808 | guess what article type is currently displayed unless you give a prefix | |
10809 | to this command, which forces a ``digest'' interpretation. Basically, | |
10810 | whenever you see a message that is a collection of other messages of | |
10811 | some format, you @kbd{C-d} and read these messages in a more convenient | |
10812 | fashion. | |
10813 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
10814 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-on-ephemeral-exit |
10815 | The variable @code{gnus-auto-select-on-ephemeral-exit} controls what | |
10816 | article should be selected after exiting a digest group. Valid values | |
10817 | include: | |
10818 | ||
10819 | @table @code | |
10820 | @item next | |
10821 | Select the next article. | |
10822 | ||
10823 | @item next-unread | |
10824 | Select the next unread article. | |
10825 | ||
10826 | @item next-noselect | |
10827 | Move the cursor to the next article. This is the default. | |
10828 | ||
10829 | @item next-unread-noselect | |
10830 | Move the cursor to the next unread article. | |
10831 | @end table | |
10832 | ||
10833 | If it has any other value or there is no next (unread) article, the | |
10834 | article selected before entering to the digest group will appear. | |
10835 | ||
4009494e GM |
10836 | @item C-M-d |
10837 | @kindex C-M-d (Summary) | |
10838 | @findex gnus-summary-read-document | |
10839 | This command is very similar to the one above, but lets you gather | |
10840 | several documents into one biiig group | |
10841 | (@code{gnus-summary-read-document}). It does this by opening several | |
10842 | @code{nndoc} groups for each document, and then opening an | |
10843 | @code{nnvirtual} group on top of these @code{nndoc} groups. This | |
10844 | command understands the process/prefix convention | |
10845 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
10846 | ||
10847 | @item C-t | |
10848 | @kindex C-t (Summary) | |
10849 | @findex gnus-summary-toggle-truncation | |
10850 | Toggle truncation of summary lines | |
10851 | (@code{gnus-summary-toggle-truncation}). This will probably confuse the | |
10852 | line centering function in the summary buffer, so it's not a good idea | |
10853 | to have truncation switched off while reading articles. | |
10854 | ||
10855 | @item = | |
10856 | @kindex = (Summary) | |
10857 | @findex gnus-summary-expand-window | |
10858 | Expand the summary buffer window (@code{gnus-summary-expand-window}). | |
10859 | If given a prefix, force an @code{article} window configuration. | |
10860 | ||
10861 | @item C-M-e | |
10862 | @kindex C-M-e (Summary) | |
10863 | @findex gnus-summary-edit-parameters | |
10864 | Edit the group parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}) of the current | |
10865 | group (@code{gnus-summary-edit-parameters}). | |
10866 | ||
10867 | @item C-M-a | |
10868 | @kindex C-M-a (Summary) | |
10869 | @findex gnus-summary-customize-parameters | |
10870 | Customize the group parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}) of the current | |
10871 | group (@code{gnus-summary-customize-parameters}). | |
10872 | ||
10873 | @end table | |
10874 | ||
10875 | ||
10876 | @node Exiting the Summary Buffer | |
10877 | @section Exiting the Summary Buffer | |
10878 | @cindex summary exit | |
10879 | @cindex exiting groups | |
10880 | ||
10881 | Exiting from the summary buffer will normally update all info on the | |
10882 | group and return you to the group buffer. | |
10883 | ||
10884 | @table @kbd | |
10885 | ||
10886 | @item Z Z | |
10887 | @itemx Z Q | |
10888 | @itemx q | |
10889 | @kindex Z Z (Summary) | |
10890 | @kindex Z Q (Summary) | |
10891 | @kindex q (Summary) | |
10892 | @findex gnus-summary-exit | |
10893 | @vindex gnus-summary-exit-hook | |
10894 | @vindex gnus-summary-prepare-exit-hook | |
10895 | @vindex gnus-group-no-more-groups-hook | |
10896 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-exit} | |
10897 | Exit the current group and update all information on the group | |
10898 | (@code{gnus-summary-exit}). @code{gnus-summary-prepare-exit-hook} is | |
10899 | called before doing much of the exiting, which calls | |
10900 | @code{gnus-summary-expire-articles} by default. | |
10901 | @code{gnus-summary-exit-hook} is called after finishing the exit | |
10902 | process. @code{gnus-group-no-more-groups-hook} is run when returning to | |
10903 | group mode having no more (unread) groups. | |
10904 | ||
10905 | @item Z E | |
10906 | @itemx Q | |
10907 | @kindex Z E (Summary) | |
10908 | @kindex Q (Summary) | |
10909 | @findex gnus-summary-exit-no-update | |
10910 | Exit the current group without updating any information on the group | |
10911 | (@code{gnus-summary-exit-no-update}). | |
10912 | ||
10913 | @item Z c | |
10914 | @itemx c | |
10915 | @kindex Z c (Summary) | |
10916 | @kindex c (Summary) | |
10917 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit | |
10918 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit} | |
10919 | Mark all unticked articles in the group as read and then exit | |
10920 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit}). | |
10921 | ||
10922 | @item Z C | |
10923 | @kindex Z C (Summary) | |
10924 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-all-and-exit | |
10925 | Mark all articles, even the ticked ones, as read and then exit | |
10926 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-all-and-exit}). | |
10927 | ||
10928 | @item Z n | |
10929 | @kindex Z n (Summary) | |
10930 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-and-goto-next-group | |
10931 | Mark all articles as read and go to the next group | |
10932 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-and-goto-next-group}). | |
10933 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
10934 | @item Z p |
10935 | @kindex Z p (Summary) | |
10936 | @findex gnus-summary-catchup-and-goto-prev-group | |
10937 | Mark all articles as read and go to the previous group | |
10938 | (@code{gnus-summary-catchup-and-goto-prev-group}). | |
10939 | ||
4009494e GM |
10940 | @item Z R |
10941 | @itemx C-x C-s | |
10942 | @kindex Z R (Summary) | |
10943 | @kindex C-x C-s (Summary) | |
10944 | @findex gnus-summary-reselect-current-group | |
10945 | Exit this group, and then enter it again | |
10946 | (@code{gnus-summary-reselect-current-group}). If given a prefix, select | |
10947 | all articles, both read and unread. | |
10948 | ||
10949 | @item Z G | |
10950 | @itemx M-g | |
10951 | @kindex Z G (Summary) | |
10952 | @kindex M-g (Summary) | |
10953 | @findex gnus-summary-rescan-group | |
10954 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-get} | |
10955 | Exit the group, check for new articles in the group, and select the | |
10956 | group (@code{gnus-summary-rescan-group}). If given a prefix, select all | |
10957 | articles, both read and unread. | |
10958 | ||
10959 | @item Z N | |
10960 | @kindex Z N (Summary) | |
10961 | @findex gnus-summary-next-group | |
10962 | Exit the group and go to the next group | |
10963 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-group}). | |
10964 | ||
10965 | @item Z P | |
10966 | @kindex Z P (Summary) | |
10967 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-group | |
10968 | Exit the group and go to the previous group | |
10969 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-group}). | |
10970 | ||
10971 | @item Z s | |
10972 | @kindex Z s (Summary) | |
10973 | @findex gnus-summary-save-newsrc | |
10974 | Save the current number of read/marked articles in the dribble buffer | |
10975 | and then save the dribble buffer (@code{gnus-summary-save-newsrc}). If | |
10976 | given a prefix, also save the @file{.newsrc} file(s). Using this | |
10977 | command will make exit without updating (the @kbd{Q} command) worthless. | |
10978 | @end table | |
10979 | ||
10980 | @vindex gnus-exit-group-hook | |
10981 | @code{gnus-exit-group-hook} is called when you exit the current group | |
10982 | with an ``updating'' exit. For instance @kbd{Q} | |
10983 | (@code{gnus-summary-exit-no-update}) does not call this hook. | |
10984 | ||
10985 | @findex gnus-summary-wake-up-the-dead | |
10986 | @findex gnus-dead-summary-mode | |
10987 | @vindex gnus-kill-summary-on-exit | |
10988 | If you're in the habit of exiting groups, and then changing your mind | |
10989 | about it, you might set @code{gnus-kill-summary-on-exit} to @code{nil}. | |
10990 | If you do that, Gnus won't kill the summary buffer when you exit it. | |
10991 | (Quelle surprise!) Instead it will change the name of the buffer to | |
10992 | something like @samp{*Dead Summary ... *} and install a minor mode | |
10993 | called @code{gnus-dead-summary-mode}. Now, if you switch back to this | |
10994 | buffer, you'll find that all keys are mapped to a function called | |
10995 | @code{gnus-summary-wake-up-the-dead}. So tapping any keys in a dead | |
10996 | summary buffer will result in a live, normal summary buffer. | |
10997 | ||
10998 | There will never be more than one dead summary buffer at any one time. | |
10999 | ||
11000 | @vindex gnus-use-cross-reference | |
11001 | The data on the current group will be updated (which articles you have | |
11002 | read, which articles you have replied to, etc.) when you exit the | |
11003 | summary buffer. If the @code{gnus-use-cross-reference} variable is | |
11004 | @code{t} (which is the default), articles that are cross-referenced to | |
11005 | this group and are marked as read, will also be marked as read in the | |
11006 | other subscribed groups they were cross-posted to. If this variable is | |
11007 | neither @code{nil} nor @code{t}, the article will be marked as read in | |
11008 | both subscribed and unsubscribed groups (@pxref{Crosspost Handling}). | |
11009 | ||
11010 | ||
11011 | @node Crosspost Handling | |
11012 | @section Crosspost Handling | |
11013 | ||
11014 | @cindex velveeta | |
11015 | @cindex spamming | |
11016 | Marking cross-posted articles as read ensures that you'll never have to | |
11017 | read the same article more than once. Unless, of course, somebody has | |
11018 | posted it to several groups separately. Posting the same article to | |
11019 | several groups (not cross-posting) is called @dfn{spamming}, and you are | |
11020 | by law required to send nasty-grams to anyone who perpetrates such a | |
11021 | heinous crime. You may want to try NoCeM handling to filter out spam | |
11022 | (@pxref{NoCeM}). | |
11023 | ||
11024 | Remember: Cross-posting is kinda ok, but posting the same article | |
11025 | separately to several groups is not. Massive cross-posting (aka. | |
11026 | @dfn{velveeta}) is to be avoided at all costs, and you can even use the | |
11027 | @code{gnus-summary-mail-crosspost-complaint} command to complain about | |
11028 | excessive crossposting (@pxref{Summary Mail Commands}). | |
11029 | ||
11030 | @cindex cross-posting | |
11031 | @cindex Xref | |
11032 | @cindex @acronym{NOV} | |
11033 | One thing that may cause Gnus to not do the cross-posting thing | |
11034 | correctly is if you use an @acronym{NNTP} server that supports @sc{xover} | |
11035 | (which is very nice, because it speeds things up considerably) which | |
11036 | does not include the @code{Xref} header in its @acronym{NOV} lines. This is | |
11037 | Evil, but all too common, alas, alack. Gnus tries to Do The Right Thing | |
11038 | even with @sc{xover} by registering the @code{Xref} lines of all | |
11039 | articles you actually read, but if you kill the articles, or just mark | |
11040 | them as read without reading them, Gnus will not get a chance to snoop | |
11041 | the @code{Xref} lines out of these articles, and will be unable to use | |
11042 | the cross reference mechanism. | |
11043 | ||
11044 | @cindex LIST overview.fmt | |
11045 | @cindex overview.fmt | |
11046 | To check whether your @acronym{NNTP} server includes the @code{Xref} header | |
11047 | in its overview files, try @samp{telnet your.nntp.server nntp}, | |
11048 | @samp{MODE READER} on @code{inn} servers, and then say @samp{LIST | |
11049 | overview.fmt}. This may not work, but if it does, and the last line you | |
11050 | get does not read @samp{Xref:full}, then you should shout and whine at | |
11051 | your news admin until she includes the @code{Xref} header in the | |
11052 | overview files. | |
11053 | ||
4009494e | 11054 | If you want Gnus to get the @code{Xref}s right all the time, you have to |
4b70e299 MB |
11055 | set @code{nntp-nov-is-evil} to @code{t}, which slows things down |
11056 | considerably. Also @pxref{Slow/Expensive Connection}. | |
4009494e GM |
11057 | |
11058 | C'est la vie. | |
11059 | ||
11060 | For an alternative approach, @pxref{Duplicate Suppression}. | |
11061 | ||
11062 | ||
11063 | @node Duplicate Suppression | |
11064 | @section Duplicate Suppression | |
11065 | ||
11066 | By default, Gnus tries to make sure that you don't have to read the same | |
11067 | article more than once by utilizing the crossposting mechanism | |
11068 | (@pxref{Crosspost Handling}). However, that simple and efficient | |
11069 | approach may not work satisfactory for some users for various | |
11070 | reasons. | |
11071 | ||
11072 | @enumerate | |
11073 | @item | |
11074 | The @acronym{NNTP} server may fail to generate the @code{Xref} header. This | |
11075 | is evil and not very common. | |
11076 | ||
11077 | @item | |
11078 | The @acronym{NNTP} server may fail to include the @code{Xref} header in the | |
11079 | @file{.overview} data bases. This is evil and all too common, alas. | |
11080 | ||
11081 | @item | |
11082 | You may be reading the same group (or several related groups) from | |
11083 | different @acronym{NNTP} servers. | |
11084 | ||
11085 | @item | |
11086 | You may be getting mail that duplicates articles posted to groups. | |
11087 | @end enumerate | |
11088 | ||
11089 | I'm sure there are other situations where @code{Xref} handling fails as | |
11090 | well, but these four are the most common situations. | |
11091 | ||
11092 | If, and only if, @code{Xref} handling fails for you, then you may | |
11093 | consider switching on @dfn{duplicate suppression}. If you do so, Gnus | |
11094 | will remember the @code{Message-ID}s of all articles you have read or | |
11095 | otherwise marked as read, and then, as if by magic, mark them as read | |
11096 | all subsequent times you see them---in @emph{all} groups. Using this | |
11097 | mechanism is quite likely to be somewhat inefficient, but not overly | |
11098 | so. It's certainly preferable to reading the same articles more than | |
11099 | once. | |
11100 | ||
11101 | Duplicate suppression is not a very subtle instrument. It's more like a | |
11102 | sledge hammer than anything else. It works in a very simple | |
11103 | fashion---if you have marked an article as read, it adds this Message-ID | |
11104 | to a cache. The next time it sees this Message-ID, it will mark the | |
11105 | article as read with the @samp{M} mark. It doesn't care what group it | |
11106 | saw the article in. | |
11107 | ||
11108 | @table @code | |
11109 | @item gnus-suppress-duplicates | |
11110 | @vindex gnus-suppress-duplicates | |
11111 | If non-@code{nil}, suppress duplicates. | |
11112 | ||
11113 | @item gnus-save-duplicate-list | |
11114 | @vindex gnus-save-duplicate-list | |
11115 | If non-@code{nil}, save the list of duplicates to a file. This will | |
11116 | make startup and shutdown take longer, so the default is @code{nil}. | |
11117 | However, this means that only duplicate articles read in a single Gnus | |
11118 | session are suppressed. | |
11119 | ||
11120 | @item gnus-duplicate-list-length | |
11121 | @vindex gnus-duplicate-list-length | |
11122 | This variable says how many @code{Message-ID}s to keep in the duplicate | |
11123 | suppression list. The default is 10000. | |
11124 | ||
11125 | @item gnus-duplicate-file | |
11126 | @vindex gnus-duplicate-file | |
11127 | The name of the file to store the duplicate suppression list in. The | |
11128 | default is @file{~/News/suppression}. | |
11129 | @end table | |
11130 | ||
11131 | If you have a tendency to stop and start Gnus often, setting | |
11132 | @code{gnus-save-duplicate-list} to @code{t} is probably a good idea. If | |
11133 | you leave Gnus running for weeks on end, you may have it @code{nil}. On | |
11134 | the other hand, saving the list makes startup and shutdown much slower, | |
11135 | so that means that if you stop and start Gnus often, you should set | |
11136 | @code{gnus-save-duplicate-list} to @code{nil}. Uhm. I'll leave this up | |
11137 | to you to figure out, I think. | |
11138 | ||
11139 | @node Security | |
11140 | @section Security | |
11141 | ||
11142 | Gnus is able to verify signed messages or decrypt encrypted messages. | |
11143 | The formats that are supported are @acronym{PGP}, @acronym{PGP/MIME} | |
11144 | and @acronym{S/MIME}, however you need some external programs to get | |
11145 | things to work: | |
11146 | ||
11147 | @enumerate | |
11148 | @item | |
11149 | To handle @acronym{PGP} and @acronym{PGP/MIME} messages, you have to | |
11150 | install an OpenPGP implementation such as GnuPG. The Lisp interface | |
11151 | to GnuPG included with Gnus is called PGG (@pxref{Top, ,PGG, pgg, PGG | |
11152 | Manual}), but Mailcrypt and gpg.el are also supported. | |
11153 | ||
11154 | @item | |
11155 | To handle @acronym{S/MIME} message, you need to install OpenSSL. OpenSSL 0.9.6 | |
11156 | or newer is recommended. | |
11157 | ||
11158 | @end enumerate | |
11159 | ||
11160 | The variables that control security functionality on reading messages | |
11161 | include: | |
11162 | ||
11163 | @table @code | |
11164 | @item mm-verify-option | |
11165 | @vindex mm-verify-option | |
11166 | Option of verifying signed parts. @code{never}, not verify; | |
11167 | @code{always}, always verify; @code{known}, only verify known | |
11168 | protocols. Otherwise, ask user. | |
11169 | ||
11170 | @item mm-decrypt-option | |
11171 | @vindex mm-decrypt-option | |
11172 | Option of decrypting encrypted parts. @code{never}, no decryption; | |
11173 | @code{always}, always decrypt; @code{known}, only decrypt known | |
11174 | protocols. Otherwise, ask user. | |
11175 | ||
11176 | @item mml1991-use | |
11177 | @vindex mml1991-use | |
11178 | Symbol indicating elisp interface to OpenPGP implementation for | |
11179 | @acronym{PGP} messages. The default is @code{pgg}, but | |
11180 | @code{mailcrypt} and @code{gpg} are also supported although | |
11181 | deprecated. | |
11182 | ||
11183 | @item mml2015-use | |
11184 | @vindex mml2015-use | |
11185 | Symbol indicating elisp interface to OpenPGP implementation for | |
11186 | @acronym{PGP/MIME} messages. The default is @code{pgg}, but | |
11187 | @code{mailcrypt} and @code{gpg} are also supported although | |
11188 | deprecated. | |
11189 | ||
11190 | @end table | |
11191 | ||
11192 | By default the buttons that display security information are not | |
11193 | shown, because they clutter reading the actual e-mail. You can type | |
11194 | @kbd{K b} manually to display the information. Use the | |
11195 | @code{gnus-buttonized-mime-types} and | |
11196 | @code{gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types} variables to control this | |
11197 | permanently. @ref{MIME Commands} for further details, and hints on | |
11198 | how to customize these variables to always display security | |
11199 | information. | |
11200 | ||
11201 | @cindex snarfing keys | |
11202 | @cindex importing PGP keys | |
11203 | @cindex PGP key ring import | |
11204 | Snarfing OpenPGP keys (i.e., importing keys from articles into your | |
11205 | key ring) is not supported explicitly through a menu item or command, | |
11206 | rather Gnus do detect and label keys as @samp{application/pgp-keys}, | |
11207 | allowing you to specify whatever action you think is appropriate | |
11208 | through the usual @acronym{MIME} infrastructure. You can use a | |
11209 | @file{~/.mailcap} entry (@pxref{mailcap, , mailcap, emacs-mime, The | |
11210 | Emacs MIME Manual}) such as the following to import keys using GNU | |
11211 | Privacy Guard when you click on the @acronym{MIME} button | |
11212 | (@pxref{Using MIME}). | |
11213 | ||
11214 | @example | |
11215 | application/pgp-keys; gpg --import --interactive --verbose; needsterminal | |
11216 | @end example | |
11217 | @noindent | |
11218 | This happens to also be the default action defined in | |
11219 | @code{mailcap-mime-data}. | |
11220 | ||
11221 | More information on how to set things for sending outgoing signed and | |
11222 | encrypted messages up can be found in the message manual | |
11223 | (@pxref{Security, ,Security, message, Message Manual}). | |
11224 | ||
11225 | @node Mailing List | |
11226 | @section Mailing List | |
11227 | @cindex mailing list | |
11228 | @cindex RFC 2396 | |
11229 | ||
11230 | @kindex A M (summary) | |
11231 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-insinuate | |
11232 | Gnus understands some mailing list fields of RFC 2369. To enable it, | |
11233 | add a @code{to-list} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}), | |
11234 | possibly using @kbd{A M} (@code{gnus-mailing-list-insinuate}) in the | |
11235 | summary buffer. | |
11236 | ||
11237 | That enables the following commands to the summary buffer: | |
11238 | ||
11239 | @table @kbd | |
11240 | ||
11241 | @item C-c C-n h | |
11242 | @kindex C-c C-n h (Summary) | |
11243 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-help | |
11244 | Send a message to fetch mailing list help, if List-Help field exists. | |
11245 | ||
11246 | @item C-c C-n s | |
11247 | @kindex C-c C-n s (Summary) | |
11248 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-subscribe | |
11249 | Send a message to subscribe the mailing list, if List-Subscribe field exists. | |
11250 | ||
11251 | @item C-c C-n u | |
11252 | @kindex C-c C-n u (Summary) | |
11253 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-unsubscribe | |
11254 | Send a message to unsubscribe the mailing list, if List-Unsubscribe | |
11255 | field exists. | |
11256 | ||
11257 | @item C-c C-n p | |
11258 | @kindex C-c C-n p (Summary) | |
11259 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-post | |
11260 | Post to the mailing list, if List-Post field exists. | |
11261 | ||
11262 | @item C-c C-n o | |
11263 | @kindex C-c C-n o (Summary) | |
11264 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-owner | |
11265 | Send a message to the mailing list owner, if List-Owner field exists. | |
11266 | ||
11267 | @item C-c C-n a | |
11268 | @kindex C-c C-n a (Summary) | |
01c52d31 | 11269 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-archive |
4009494e GM |
11270 | Browse the mailing list archive, if List-Archive field exists. |
11271 | ||
11272 | @end table | |
11273 | ||
11274 | ||
11275 | @node Article Buffer | |
11276 | @chapter Article Buffer | |
11277 | @cindex article buffer | |
11278 | ||
11279 | The articles are displayed in the article buffer, of which there is only | |
11280 | one. All the summary buffers share the same article buffer unless you | |
11281 | tell Gnus otherwise. | |
11282 | ||
11283 | @menu | |
11284 | * Hiding Headers:: Deciding what headers should be displayed. | |
11285 | * Using MIME:: Pushing articles through @acronym{MIME} before reading them. | |
11286 | * Customizing Articles:: Tailoring the look of the articles. | |
11287 | * Article Keymap:: Keystrokes available in the article buffer. | |
11288 | * Misc Article:: Other stuff. | |
11289 | @end menu | |
11290 | ||
11291 | ||
11292 | @node Hiding Headers | |
11293 | @section Hiding Headers | |
11294 | @cindex hiding headers | |
11295 | @cindex deleting headers | |
11296 | ||
11297 | The top section of each article is the @dfn{head}. (The rest is the | |
11298 | @dfn{body}, but you may have guessed that already.) | |
11299 | ||
11300 | @vindex gnus-show-all-headers | |
11301 | There is a lot of useful information in the head: the name of the person | |
11302 | who wrote the article, the date it was written and the subject of the | |
11303 | article. That's well and nice, but there's also lots of information | |
11304 | most people do not want to see---what systems the article has passed | |
11305 | through before reaching you, the @code{Message-ID}, the | |
11306 | @code{References}, etc. ad nauseam---and you'll probably want to get rid | |
11307 | of some of those lines. If you want to keep all those lines in the | |
11308 | article buffer, you can set @code{gnus-show-all-headers} to @code{t}. | |
11309 | ||
11310 | Gnus provides you with two variables for sifting headers: | |
11311 | ||
11312 | @table @code | |
11313 | ||
11314 | @item gnus-visible-headers | |
11315 | @vindex gnus-visible-headers | |
11316 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it should be a regular expression | |
11317 | that says what headers you wish to keep in the article buffer. All | |
11318 | headers that do not match this variable will be hidden. | |
11319 | ||
11320 | For instance, if you only want to see the name of the person who wrote | |
11321 | the article and the subject, you'd say: | |
11322 | ||
11323 | @lisp | |
11324 | (setq gnus-visible-headers "^From:\\|^Subject:") | |
11325 | @end lisp | |
11326 | ||
11327 | This variable can also be a list of regexps to match headers to | |
11328 | remain visible. | |
11329 | ||
11330 | @item gnus-ignored-headers | |
11331 | @vindex gnus-ignored-headers | |
11332 | This variable is the reverse of @code{gnus-visible-headers}. If this | |
11333 | variable is set (and @code{gnus-visible-headers} is @code{nil}), it | |
11334 | should be a regular expression that matches all lines that you want to | |
11335 | hide. All lines that do not match this variable will remain visible. | |
11336 | ||
11337 | For instance, if you just want to get rid of the @code{References} line | |
11338 | and the @code{Xref} line, you might say: | |
11339 | ||
11340 | @lisp | |
11341 | (setq gnus-ignored-headers "^References:\\|^Xref:") | |
11342 | @end lisp | |
11343 | ||
11344 | This variable can also be a list of regexps to match headers to | |
11345 | be removed. | |
11346 | ||
11347 | Note that if @code{gnus-visible-headers} is non-@code{nil}, this | |
11348 | variable will have no effect. | |
11349 | ||
11350 | @end table | |
11351 | ||
11352 | @vindex gnus-sorted-header-list | |
11353 | Gnus can also sort the headers for you. (It does this by default.) You | |
11354 | can control the sorting by setting the @code{gnus-sorted-header-list} | |
11355 | variable. It is a list of regular expressions that says in what order | |
11356 | the headers are to be displayed. | |
11357 | ||
11358 | For instance, if you want the name of the author of the article first, | |
11359 | and then the subject, you might say something like: | |
11360 | ||
11361 | @lisp | |
11362 | (setq gnus-sorted-header-list '("^From:" "^Subject:")) | |
11363 | @end lisp | |
11364 | ||
11365 | Any headers that are to remain visible, but are not listed in this | |
11366 | variable, will be displayed in random order after all the headers listed in this variable. | |
11367 | ||
11368 | @findex gnus-article-hide-boring-headers | |
11369 | @vindex gnus-boring-article-headers | |
11370 | You can hide further boring headers by setting | |
11371 | @code{gnus-treat-hide-boring-headers} to @code{head}. What this function | |
11372 | does depends on the @code{gnus-boring-article-headers} variable. It's a | |
11373 | list, but this list doesn't actually contain header names. Instead it | |
11374 | lists various @dfn{boring conditions} that Gnus can check and remove | |
11375 | from sight. | |
11376 | ||
11377 | These conditions are: | |
11378 | @table @code | |
11379 | @item empty | |
11380 | Remove all empty headers. | |
11381 | @item followup-to | |
11382 | Remove the @code{Followup-To} header if it is identical to the | |
11383 | @code{Newsgroups} header. | |
11384 | @item reply-to | |
11385 | Remove the @code{Reply-To} header if it lists the same addresses as | |
11386 | the @code{From} header, or if the @code{broken-reply-to} group | |
11387 | parameter is set. | |
11388 | @item newsgroups | |
11389 | Remove the @code{Newsgroups} header if it only contains the current group | |
11390 | name. | |
11391 | @item to-address | |
11392 | Remove the @code{To} header if it only contains the address identical to | |
11393 | the current group's @code{to-address} parameter. | |
11394 | @item to-list | |
11395 | Remove the @code{To} header if it only contains the address identical to | |
11396 | the current group's @code{to-list} parameter. | |
11397 | @item cc-list | |
11398 | Remove the @code{Cc} header if it only contains the address identical to | |
11399 | the current group's @code{to-list} parameter. | |
11400 | @item date | |
11401 | Remove the @code{Date} header if the article is less than three days | |
11402 | old. | |
11403 | @item long-to | |
11404 | Remove the @code{To} and/or @code{Cc} header if it is very long. | |
11405 | @item many-to | |
11406 | Remove all @code{To} and/or @code{Cc} headers if there are more than one. | |
11407 | @end table | |
11408 | ||
11409 | To include these three elements, you could say something like: | |
11410 | ||
11411 | @lisp | |
11412 | (setq gnus-boring-article-headers | |
11413 | '(empty followup-to reply-to)) | |
11414 | @end lisp | |
11415 | ||
11416 | This is also the default value for this variable. | |
11417 | ||
11418 | ||
11419 | @node Using MIME | |
11420 | @section Using MIME | |
11421 | @cindex @acronym{MIME} | |
11422 | ||
11423 | Mime is a standard for waving your hands through the air, aimlessly, | |
11424 | while people stand around yawning. | |
11425 | ||
11426 | @acronym{MIME}, however, is a standard for encoding your articles, aimlessly, | |
11427 | while all newsreaders die of fear. | |
11428 | ||
11429 | @acronym{MIME} may specify what character set the article uses, the encoding | |
11430 | of the characters, and it also makes it possible to embed pictures and | |
11431 | other naughty stuff in innocent-looking articles. | |
11432 | ||
11433 | @vindex gnus-display-mime-function | |
11434 | @findex gnus-display-mime | |
11435 | Gnus pushes @acronym{MIME} articles through @code{gnus-display-mime-function} | |
11436 | to display the @acronym{MIME} parts. This is @code{gnus-display-mime} by | |
11437 | default, which creates a bundle of clickable buttons that can be used to | |
11438 | display, save and manipulate the @acronym{MIME} objects. | |
11439 | ||
11440 | The following commands are available when you have placed point over a | |
11441 | @acronym{MIME} button: | |
11442 | ||
11443 | @table @kbd | |
11444 | @findex gnus-article-press-button | |
11445 | @item RET (Article) | |
11446 | @kindex RET (Article) | |
11447 | @itemx BUTTON-2 (Article) | |
11448 | Toggle displaying of the @acronym{MIME} object | |
11449 | (@code{gnus-article-press-button}). If built-in viewers can not display | |
11450 | the object, Gnus resorts to external viewers in the @file{mailcap} | |
11451 | files. If a viewer has the @samp{copiousoutput} specification, the | |
11452 | object is displayed inline. | |
11453 | ||
11454 | @findex gnus-mime-view-part | |
11455 | @item M-RET (Article) | |
11456 | @kindex M-RET (Article) | |
11457 | @itemx v (Article) | |
11458 | Prompt for a method, and then view the @acronym{MIME} object using this | |
11459 | method (@code{gnus-mime-view-part}). | |
11460 | ||
11461 | @findex gnus-mime-view-part-as-type | |
11462 | @item t (Article) | |
11463 | @kindex t (Article) | |
11464 | View the @acronym{MIME} object as if it were a different @acronym{MIME} media type | |
11465 | (@code{gnus-mime-view-part-as-type}). | |
11466 | ||
11467 | @findex gnus-mime-view-part-as-charset | |
11468 | @item C (Article) | |
11469 | @kindex C (Article) | |
11470 | Prompt for a charset, and then view the @acronym{MIME} object using this | |
11471 | charset (@code{gnus-mime-view-part-as-charset}). | |
11472 | ||
11473 | @findex gnus-mime-save-part | |
11474 | @item o (Article) | |
11475 | @kindex o (Article) | |
11476 | Prompt for a file name, and then save the @acronym{MIME} object | |
11477 | (@code{gnus-mime-save-part}). | |
11478 | ||
11479 | @findex gnus-mime-save-part-and-strip | |
11480 | @item C-o (Article) | |
11481 | @kindex C-o (Article) | |
11482 | Prompt for a file name, then save the @acronym{MIME} object and strip it from | |
11483 | the article. Then proceed to article editing, where a reasonable | |
11484 | suggestion is being made on how the altered article should look | |
11485 | like. The stripped @acronym{MIME} object will be referred via the | |
11486 | message/external-body @acronym{MIME} type. | |
11487 | (@code{gnus-mime-save-part-and-strip}). | |
11488 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
11489 | @findex gnus-mime-replace-part |
11490 | @item r (Article) | |
11491 | @kindex r (Article) | |
11492 | Prompt for a file name, replace the @acronym{MIME} object with an | |
11493 | external body refering to the file via the message/external-body | |
11494 | @acronym{MIME} type. (@code{gnus-mime-replace-part}). | |
11495 | ||
4009494e GM |
11496 | @findex gnus-mime-delete-part |
11497 | @item d (Article) | |
11498 | @kindex d (Article) | |
11499 | Delete the @acronym{MIME} object from the article and replace it with some | |
11500 | information about the removed @acronym{MIME} object | |
11501 | (@code{gnus-mime-delete-part}). | |
11502 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
11503 | @c FIXME: gnus-auto-select-part should be documented here |
11504 | ||
4009494e GM |
11505 | @findex gnus-mime-copy-part |
11506 | @item c (Article) | |
11507 | @kindex c (Article) | |
11508 | Copy the @acronym{MIME} object to a fresh buffer and display this buffer | |
01c52d31 MB |
11509 | (@code{gnus-mime-copy-part}). If given a prefix, copy the raw contents |
11510 | without decoding. If given a numerical prefix, you can do semi-manual | |
11511 | charset stuff (see @code{gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist} in | |
11512 | @ref{Paging the Article}). Compressed files like @file{.gz} and | |
4009494e GM |
11513 | @file{.bz2} are automatically decompressed if |
11514 | @code{auto-compression-mode} is enabled (@pxref{Compressed Files,, | |
11515 | Accessing Compressed Files, emacs, The Emacs Editor}). | |
11516 | ||
11517 | @findex gnus-mime-print-part | |
11518 | @item p (Article) | |
11519 | @kindex p (Article) | |
11520 | Print the @acronym{MIME} object (@code{gnus-mime-print-part}). This | |
11521 | command respects the @samp{print=} specifications in the | |
11522 | @file{.mailcap} file. | |
11523 | ||
11524 | @findex gnus-mime-inline-part | |
11525 | @item i (Article) | |
11526 | @kindex i (Article) | |
11527 | Insert the contents of the @acronym{MIME} object into the buffer | |
11528 | (@code{gnus-mime-inline-part}) as text/plain. If given a prefix, insert | |
11529 | the raw contents without decoding. If given a numerical prefix, you can | |
11530 | do semi-manual charset stuff (see | |
11531 | @code{gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist} in @ref{Paging the | |
01c52d31 MB |
11532 | Article}). Compressed files like @file{.gz} and @file{.bz2} are |
11533 | automatically decompressed depending on @code{jka-compr} regardless of | |
11534 | @code{auto-compression-mode} (@pxref{Compressed Files,, Accessing | |
11535 | Compressed Files, emacs, The Emacs Editor}). | |
4009494e GM |
11536 | |
11537 | @findex gnus-mime-view-part-internally | |
11538 | @item E (Article) | |
11539 | @kindex E (Article) | |
11540 | View the @acronym{MIME} object with an internal viewer. If no internal | |
11541 | viewer is available, use an external viewer | |
11542 | (@code{gnus-mime-view-part-internally}). | |
11543 | ||
11544 | @findex gnus-mime-view-part-externally | |
11545 | @item e (Article) | |
11546 | @kindex e (Article) | |
11547 | View the @acronym{MIME} object with an external viewer. | |
11548 | (@code{gnus-mime-view-part-externally}). | |
11549 | ||
11550 | @findex gnus-mime-pipe-part | |
11551 | @item | (Article) | |
11552 | @kindex | (Article) | |
11553 | Output the @acronym{MIME} object to a process (@code{gnus-mime-pipe-part}). | |
11554 | ||
11555 | @findex gnus-mime-action-on-part | |
11556 | @item . (Article) | |
11557 | @kindex . (Article) | |
11558 | Interactively run an action on the @acronym{MIME} object | |
11559 | (@code{gnus-mime-action-on-part}). | |
11560 | ||
11561 | @end table | |
11562 | ||
11563 | Gnus will display some @acronym{MIME} objects automatically. The way Gnus | |
11564 | determines which parts to do this with is described in the Emacs | |
11565 | @acronym{MIME} manual. | |
11566 | ||
11567 | It might be best to just use the toggling functions from the article | |
11568 | buffer to avoid getting nasty surprises. (For instance, you enter the | |
11569 | group @samp{alt.sing-a-long} and, before you know it, @acronym{MIME} has | |
11570 | decoded the sound file in the article and some horrible sing-a-long song | |
11571 | comes screaming out your speakers, and you can't find the volume button, | |
11572 | because there isn't one, and people are starting to look at you, and you | |
11573 | try to stop the program, but you can't, and you can't find the program | |
11574 | to control the volume, and everybody else in the room suddenly decides | |
11575 | to look at you disdainfully, and you'll feel rather stupid.) | |
11576 | ||
11577 | Any similarity to real events and people is purely coincidental. Ahem. | |
11578 | ||
11579 | Also @pxref{MIME Commands}. | |
11580 | ||
11581 | ||
11582 | @node Customizing Articles | |
11583 | @section Customizing Articles | |
11584 | @cindex article customization | |
11585 | ||
11586 | A slew of functions for customizing how the articles are to look like | |
11587 | exist. You can call these functions interactively | |
11588 | (@pxref{Article Washing}), or you can have them | |
11589 | called automatically when you select the articles. | |
11590 | ||
11591 | To have them called automatically, you should set the corresponding | |
11592 | ``treatment'' variable. For instance, to have headers hidden, you'd set | |
11593 | @code{gnus-treat-hide-headers}. Below is a list of variables that can | |
11594 | be set, but first we discuss the values these variables can have. | |
11595 | ||
11596 | Note: Some values, while valid, make little sense. Check the list below | |
11597 | for sensible values. | |
11598 | ||
11599 | @enumerate | |
11600 | @item | |
11601 | @code{nil}: Don't do this treatment. | |
11602 | ||
11603 | @item | |
11604 | @code{t}: Do this treatment on all body parts. | |
11605 | ||
11606 | @item | |
11607 | @code{head}: Do the treatment on the headers. | |
11608 | ||
11609 | @item | |
01c52d31 MB |
11610 | @code{first}: Do this treatment on the first body part. |
11611 | ||
11612 | @item | |
11613 | @code{last}: Do this treatment on the last body part. | |
4009494e GM |
11614 | |
11615 | @item | |
11616 | An integer: Do this treatment on all body parts that have a length less | |
11617 | than this number. | |
11618 | ||
11619 | @item | |
11620 | A list of strings: Do this treatment on all body parts that are in | |
11621 | articles that are read in groups that have names that match one of the | |
11622 | regexps in the list. | |
11623 | ||
11624 | @item | |
11625 | A list where the first element is not a string: | |
11626 | ||
11627 | The list is evaluated recursively. The first element of the list is a | |
11628 | predicate. The following predicates are recognized: @code{or}, | |
11629 | @code{and}, @code{not} and @code{typep}. Here's an example: | |
11630 | ||
11631 | @lisp | |
11632 | (or last | |
11633 | (typep "text/x-vcard")) | |
11634 | @end lisp | |
11635 | ||
11636 | @end enumerate | |
11637 | ||
11638 | You may have noticed that the word @dfn{part} is used here. This refers | |
11639 | to the fact that some messages are @acronym{MIME} multipart articles that may | |
11640 | be divided into several parts. Articles that are not multiparts are | |
11641 | considered to contain just a single part. | |
11642 | ||
11643 | @vindex gnus-article-treat-types | |
11644 | Are the treatments applied to all sorts of multipart parts? Yes, if you | |
11645 | want to, but by default, only @samp{text/plain} parts are given the | |
11646 | treatment. This is controlled by the @code{gnus-article-treat-types} | |
11647 | variable, which is a list of regular expressions that are matched to the | |
11648 | type of the part. This variable is ignored if the value of the | |
11649 | controlling variable is a predicate list, as described above. | |
11650 | ||
11651 | @ifinfo | |
11652 | @c Avoid sort of redundant entries in the same section for the printed | |
11653 | @c manual, but add them in info to allow `i gnus-treat-foo-bar RET' or | |
11654 | @c `i foo-bar'. | |
11655 | @vindex gnus-treat-buttonize | |
11656 | @vindex gnus-treat-buttonize-head | |
11657 | @vindex gnus-treat-capitalize-sentences | |
11658 | @vindex gnus-treat-overstrike | |
11659 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-cr | |
11660 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-headers-in-body | |
11661 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-leading-blank-lines | |
11662 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-multiple-blank-lines | |
11663 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-pem | |
11664 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-trailing-blank-lines | |
11665 | @vindex gnus-treat-unsplit-urls | |
11666 | @vindex gnus-treat-wash-html | |
11667 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-english | |
11668 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-iso8601 | |
11669 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-lapsed | |
11670 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-local | |
11671 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-original | |
11672 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-user-defined | |
11673 | @vindex gnus-treat-date-ut | |
11674 | @vindex gnus-treat-from-picon | |
11675 | @vindex gnus-treat-mail-picon | |
11676 | @vindex gnus-treat-newsgroups-picon | |
11677 | @vindex gnus-treat-display-smileys | |
11678 | @vindex gnus-treat-body-boundary | |
11679 | @vindex gnus-treat-display-x-face | |
11680 | @vindex gnus-treat-display-face | |
11681 | @vindex gnus-treat-emphasize | |
11682 | @vindex gnus-treat-fill-article | |
11683 | @vindex gnus-treat-fill-long-lines | |
11684 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-boring-headers | |
11685 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-citation | |
11686 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-citation-maybe | |
11687 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-headers | |
11688 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-signature | |
11689 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-banner | |
11690 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-list-identifiers | |
11691 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-citation | |
11692 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-headers | |
11693 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-signature | |
11694 | @vindex gnus-treat-play-sounds | |
11695 | @vindex gnus-treat-translate | |
11696 | @vindex gnus-treat-x-pgp-sig | |
11697 | @vindex gnus-treat-unfold-headers | |
11698 | @vindex gnus-treat-fold-headers | |
11699 | @vindex gnus-treat-fold-newsgroups | |
11700 | @vindex gnus-treat-leading-whitespace | |
11701 | @end ifinfo | |
11702 | ||
11703 | The following treatment options are available. The easiest way to | |
11704 | customize this is to examine the @code{gnus-article-treat} customization | |
11705 | group. Values in parenthesis are suggested sensible values. Others are | |
11706 | possible but those listed are probably sufficient for most people. | |
11707 | ||
11708 | @table @code | |
11709 | @item gnus-treat-buttonize (t, integer) | |
11710 | @item gnus-treat-buttonize-head (head) | |
11711 | ||
11712 | @xref{Article Buttons}. | |
11713 | ||
11714 | @item gnus-treat-capitalize-sentences (t, integer) | |
11715 | @item gnus-treat-overstrike (t, integer) | |
11716 | @item gnus-treat-strip-cr (t, integer) | |
11717 | @item gnus-treat-strip-headers-in-body (t, integer) | |
01c52d31 | 11718 | @item gnus-treat-strip-leading-blank-lines (t, first, integer) |
4009494e GM |
11719 | @item gnus-treat-strip-multiple-blank-lines (t, integer) |
11720 | @item gnus-treat-strip-pem (t, last, integer) | |
11721 | @item gnus-treat-strip-trailing-blank-lines (t, last, integer) | |
11722 | @item gnus-treat-unsplit-urls (t, integer) | |
11723 | @item gnus-treat-wash-html (t, integer) | |
11724 | ||
11725 | @xref{Article Washing}. | |
11726 | ||
11727 | @item gnus-treat-date-english (head) | |
11728 | @item gnus-treat-date-iso8601 (head) | |
11729 | @item gnus-treat-date-lapsed (head) | |
11730 | @item gnus-treat-date-local (head) | |
11731 | @item gnus-treat-date-original (head) | |
11732 | @item gnus-treat-date-user-defined (head) | |
11733 | @item gnus-treat-date-ut (head) | |
11734 | ||
11735 | @xref{Article Date}. | |
11736 | ||
11737 | @item gnus-treat-from-picon (head) | |
11738 | @item gnus-treat-mail-picon (head) | |
11739 | @item gnus-treat-newsgroups-picon (head) | |
11740 | ||
11741 | @xref{Picons}. | |
11742 | ||
11743 | @item gnus-treat-display-smileys (t, integer) | |
11744 | ||
11745 | @item gnus-treat-body-boundary (head) | |
11746 | ||
11747 | @vindex gnus-body-boundary-delimiter | |
11748 | Adds a delimiter between header and body, the string used as delimiter | |
11749 | is controlled by @code{gnus-body-boundary-delimiter}. | |
11750 | ||
11751 | @xref{Smileys}. | |
11752 | ||
11753 | @vindex gnus-treat-display-x-face | |
11754 | @item gnus-treat-display-x-face (head) | |
11755 | ||
11756 | @xref{X-Face}. | |
11757 | ||
11758 | @vindex gnus-treat-display-face | |
11759 | @item gnus-treat-display-face (head) | |
11760 | ||
11761 | @xref{Face}. | |
11762 | ||
11763 | @vindex gnus-treat-emphasize | |
11764 | @item gnus-treat-emphasize (t, head, integer) | |
11765 | @vindex gnus-treat-fill-article | |
11766 | @item gnus-treat-fill-article (t, integer) | |
11767 | @vindex gnus-treat-fill-long-lines | |
11768 | @item gnus-treat-fill-long-lines (t, integer) | |
11769 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-boring-headers | |
11770 | @item gnus-treat-hide-boring-headers (head) | |
11771 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-citation | |
11772 | @item gnus-treat-hide-citation (t, integer) | |
11773 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-citation-maybe | |
11774 | @item gnus-treat-hide-citation-maybe (t, integer) | |
11775 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-headers | |
11776 | @item gnus-treat-hide-headers (head) | |
11777 | @vindex gnus-treat-hide-signature | |
11778 | @item gnus-treat-hide-signature (t, last) | |
11779 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-banner | |
11780 | @item gnus-treat-strip-banner (t, last) | |
11781 | @vindex gnus-treat-strip-list-identifiers | |
11782 | @item gnus-treat-strip-list-identifiers (head) | |
11783 | ||
11784 | @xref{Article Hiding}. | |
11785 | ||
11786 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-citation | |
11787 | @item gnus-treat-highlight-citation (t, integer) | |
11788 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-headers | |
11789 | @item gnus-treat-highlight-headers (head) | |
11790 | @vindex gnus-treat-highlight-signature | |
11791 | @item gnus-treat-highlight-signature (t, last, integer) | |
11792 | ||
11793 | @xref{Article Highlighting}. | |
11794 | ||
11795 | @vindex gnus-treat-play-sounds | |
11796 | @item gnus-treat-play-sounds | |
11797 | @vindex gnus-treat-translate | |
11798 | @item gnus-treat-translate | |
01c52d31 | 11799 | @item gnus-treat-ansi-sequences (t) |
4009494e GM |
11800 | @vindex gnus-treat-x-pgp-sig |
11801 | @item gnus-treat-x-pgp-sig (head) | |
11802 | ||
11803 | @vindex gnus-treat-unfold-headers | |
11804 | @item gnus-treat-unfold-headers (head) | |
11805 | @vindex gnus-treat-fold-headers | |
11806 | @item gnus-treat-fold-headers (head) | |
11807 | @vindex gnus-treat-fold-newsgroups | |
11808 | @item gnus-treat-fold-newsgroups (head) | |
11809 | @vindex gnus-treat-leading-whitespace | |
11810 | @item gnus-treat-leading-whitespace (head) | |
11811 | ||
11812 | @xref{Article Header}. | |
11813 | ||
11814 | ||
11815 | @end table | |
11816 | ||
11817 | @vindex gnus-part-display-hook | |
11818 | You can, of course, write your own functions to be called from | |
11819 | @code{gnus-part-display-hook}. The functions are called narrowed to the | |
11820 | part, and you can do anything you like, pretty much. There is no | |
11821 | information that you have to keep in the buffer---you can change | |
11822 | everything. | |
11823 | ||
11824 | ||
11825 | @node Article Keymap | |
11826 | @section Article Keymap | |
11827 | ||
11828 | Most of the keystrokes in the summary buffer can also be used in the | |
11829 | article buffer. They should behave as if you typed them in the summary | |
11830 | buffer, which means that you don't actually have to have a summary | |
11831 | buffer displayed while reading. You can do it all from the article | |
11832 | buffer. | |
11833 | ||
11834 | @kindex v (Article) | |
11835 | @cindex keys, reserved for users (Article) | |
11836 | The key @kbd{v} is reserved for users. You can bind it to some | |
11837 | command or better use it as a prefix key. | |
11838 | ||
11839 | A few additional keystrokes are available: | |
11840 | ||
11841 | @table @kbd | |
11842 | ||
11843 | @item SPACE | |
11844 | @kindex SPACE (Article) | |
11845 | @findex gnus-article-next-page | |
11846 | Scroll forwards one page (@code{gnus-article-next-page}). | |
11847 | This is exactly the same as @kbd{h SPACE h}. | |
11848 | ||
11849 | @item DEL | |
11850 | @kindex DEL (Article) | |
11851 | @findex gnus-article-prev-page | |
11852 | Scroll backwards one page (@code{gnus-article-prev-page}). | |
11853 | This is exactly the same as @kbd{h DEL h}. | |
11854 | ||
11855 | @item C-c ^ | |
11856 | @kindex C-c ^ (Article) | |
11857 | @findex gnus-article-refer-article | |
11858 | If point is in the neighborhood of a @code{Message-ID} and you press | |
11859 | @kbd{C-c ^}, Gnus will try to get that article from the server | |
11860 | (@code{gnus-article-refer-article}). | |
11861 | ||
11862 | @item C-c C-m | |
11863 | @kindex C-c C-m (Article) | |
11864 | @findex gnus-article-mail | |
11865 | Send a reply to the address near point (@code{gnus-article-mail}). If | |
11866 | given a prefix, include the mail. | |
11867 | ||
11868 | @item s | |
11869 | @kindex s (Article) | |
11870 | @findex gnus-article-show-summary | |
11871 | Reconfigure the buffers so that the summary buffer becomes visible | |
11872 | (@code{gnus-article-show-summary}). | |
11873 | ||
11874 | @item ? | |
11875 | @kindex ? (Article) | |
11876 | @findex gnus-article-describe-briefly | |
11877 | Give a very brief description of the available keystrokes | |
11878 | (@code{gnus-article-describe-briefly}). | |
11879 | ||
11880 | @item TAB | |
11881 | @kindex TAB (Article) | |
11882 | @findex gnus-article-next-button | |
11883 | Go to the next button, if any (@code{gnus-article-next-button}). This | |
11884 | only makes sense if you have buttonizing turned on. | |
11885 | ||
11886 | @item M-TAB | |
11887 | @kindex M-TAB (Article) | |
11888 | @findex gnus-article-prev-button | |
11889 | Go to the previous button, if any (@code{gnus-article-prev-button}). | |
11890 | ||
11891 | @item R | |
11892 | @kindex R (Article) | |
11893 | @findex gnus-article-reply-with-original | |
11894 | Send a reply to the current article and yank the current article | |
11895 | (@code{gnus-article-reply-with-original}). If given a prefix, make a | |
11896 | wide reply. If the region is active, only yank the text in the | |
11897 | region. | |
11898 | ||
11899 | @item F | |
11900 | @kindex F (Article) | |
11901 | @findex gnus-article-followup-with-original | |
11902 | Send a followup to the current article and yank the current article | |
11903 | (@code{gnus-article-followup-with-original}). If given a prefix, make | |
11904 | a wide reply. If the region is active, only yank the text in the | |
11905 | region. | |
11906 | ||
11907 | ||
11908 | @end table | |
11909 | ||
11910 | ||
11911 | @node Misc Article | |
11912 | @section Misc Article | |
11913 | ||
11914 | @table @code | |
11915 | ||
11916 | @item gnus-single-article-buffer | |
11917 | @vindex gnus-single-article-buffer | |
11918 | @cindex article buffers, several | |
11919 | If non-@code{nil}, use the same article buffer for all the groups. | |
11920 | (This is the default.) If @code{nil}, each group will have its own | |
11921 | article buffer. | |
11922 | ||
11923 | @vindex gnus-article-decode-hook | |
11924 | @item gnus-article-decode-hook | |
11925 | @cindex @acronym{MIME} | |
11926 | Hook used to decode @acronym{MIME} articles. The default value is | |
11927 | @code{(article-decode-charset article-decode-encoded-words)} | |
11928 | ||
11929 | @vindex gnus-article-prepare-hook | |
11930 | @item gnus-article-prepare-hook | |
11931 | This hook is called right after the article has been inserted into the | |
11932 | article buffer. It is mainly intended for functions that do something | |
11933 | depending on the contents; it should probably not be used for changing | |
11934 | the contents of the article buffer. | |
11935 | ||
11936 | @item gnus-article-mode-hook | |
11937 | @vindex gnus-article-mode-hook | |
11938 | Hook called in article mode buffers. | |
11939 | ||
11940 | @item gnus-article-mode-syntax-table | |
11941 | @vindex gnus-article-mode-syntax-table | |
11942 | Syntax table used in article buffers. It is initialized from | |
11943 | @code{text-mode-syntax-table}. | |
11944 | ||
11945 | @vindex gnus-article-over-scroll | |
11946 | @item gnus-article-over-scroll | |
11947 | If non-@code{nil}, allow scrolling the article buffer even when there | |
11948 | no more new text to scroll in. The default is @code{nil}. | |
11949 | ||
11950 | @vindex gnus-article-mode-line-format | |
11951 | @item gnus-article-mode-line-format | |
11952 | This variable is a format string along the same lines as | |
11953 | @code{gnus-summary-mode-line-format} (@pxref{Summary Buffer Mode | |
11954 | Line}). It accepts the same format specifications as that variable, | |
11955 | with two extensions: | |
11956 | ||
11957 | @table @samp | |
11958 | ||
11959 | @item w | |
11960 | The @dfn{wash status} of the article. This is a short string with one | |
11961 | character for each possible article wash operation that may have been | |
11962 | performed. The characters and their meaning: | |
11963 | ||
11964 | @table @samp | |
11965 | ||
11966 | @item c | |
11967 | Displayed when cited text may be hidden in the article buffer. | |
11968 | ||
11969 | @item h | |
11970 | Displayed when headers are hidden in the article buffer. | |
11971 | ||
11972 | @item p | |
11973 | Displayed when article is digitally signed or encrypted, and Gnus has | |
11974 | hidden the security headers. (N.B. does not tell anything about | |
11975 | security status, i.e. good or bad signature.) | |
11976 | ||
11977 | @item s | |
11978 | Displayed when the signature has been hidden in the Article buffer. | |
11979 | ||
11980 | @item o | |
11981 | Displayed when Gnus has treated overstrike characters in the article buffer. | |
11982 | ||
11983 | @item e | |
11984 | Displayed when Gnus has treated emphasised strings in the article buffer. | |
11985 | ||
11986 | @end table | |
11987 | ||
11988 | @item m | |
11989 | The number of @acronym{MIME} parts in the article. | |
11990 | ||
11991 | @end table | |
11992 | ||
11993 | @vindex gnus-break-pages | |
11994 | ||
11995 | @item gnus-break-pages | |
11996 | Controls whether @dfn{page breaking} is to take place. If this variable | |
11997 | is non-@code{nil}, the articles will be divided into pages whenever a | |
11998 | page delimiter appears in the article. If this variable is @code{nil}, | |
11999 | paging will not be done. | |
12000 | ||
12001 | @item gnus-page-delimiter | |
12002 | @vindex gnus-page-delimiter | |
12003 | This is the delimiter mentioned above. By default, it is @samp{^L} | |
12004 | (formfeed). | |
12005 | ||
12006 | @cindex IDNA | |
12007 | @cindex internationalized domain names | |
12008 | @vindex gnus-use-idna | |
12009 | @item gnus-use-idna | |
12010 | This variable controls whether Gnus performs IDNA decoding of | |
12011 | internationalized domain names inside @samp{From}, @samp{To} and | |
01c52d31 MB |
12012 | @samp{Cc} headers. @xref{IDNA, ,IDNA,message, The Message Manual}, |
12013 | for how to compose such messages. This requires | |
4009494e GM |
12014 | @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/libidn/, GNU Libidn}, and this |
12015 | variable is only enabled if you have installed it. | |
12016 | ||
12017 | @end table | |
12018 | ||
12019 | ||
12020 | @node Composing Messages | |
12021 | @chapter Composing Messages | |
12022 | @cindex composing messages | |
12023 | @cindex messages | |
12024 | @cindex mail | |
12025 | @cindex sending mail | |
12026 | @cindex reply | |
12027 | @cindex followup | |
12028 | @cindex post | |
12029 | @cindex using gpg | |
12030 | @cindex using s/mime | |
12031 | @cindex using smime | |
12032 | ||
12033 | @kindex C-c C-c (Post) | |
12034 | All commands for posting and mailing will put you in a message buffer | |
12035 | where you can edit the article all you like, before you send the | |
12036 | article by pressing @kbd{C-c C-c}. @xref{Top, , Overview, message, | |
12037 | Message Manual}. Where the message will be posted/mailed to depends | |
12038 | on your setup (@pxref{Posting Server}). | |
12039 | ||
12040 | @menu | |
12041 | * Mail:: Mailing and replying. | |
12042 | * Posting Server:: What server should you post and mail via? | |
12043 | * POP before SMTP:: You cannot send a mail unless you read a mail. | |
12044 | * Mail and Post:: Mailing and posting at the same time. | |
12045 | * Archived Messages:: Where Gnus stores the messages you've sent. | |
12046 | * Posting Styles:: An easier way to specify who you are. | |
12047 | * Drafts:: Postponing messages and rejected messages. | |
12048 | * Rejected Articles:: What happens if the server doesn't like your article? | |
12049 | * Signing and encrypting:: How to compose secure messages. | |
12050 | @end menu | |
12051 | ||
12052 | Also @pxref{Canceling and Superseding} for information on how to | |
12053 | remove articles you shouldn't have posted. | |
12054 | ||
12055 | ||
12056 | @node Mail | |
12057 | @section Mail | |
12058 | ||
12059 | Variables for customizing outgoing mail: | |
12060 | ||
12061 | @table @code | |
12062 | @item gnus-uu-digest-headers | |
12063 | @vindex gnus-uu-digest-headers | |
12064 | List of regexps to match headers included in digested messages. The | |
12065 | headers will be included in the sequence they are matched. If | |
12066 | @code{nil} include all headers. | |
12067 | ||
12068 | @item gnus-add-to-list | |
12069 | @vindex gnus-add-to-list | |
12070 | If non-@code{nil}, add a @code{to-list} group parameter to mail groups | |
12071 | that have none when you do a @kbd{a}. | |
12072 | ||
12073 | @item gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news | |
12074 | @vindex gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news | |
12075 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will ask you for a confirmation when you are | |
12076 | about to reply to news articles by mail. If it is @code{nil}, nothing | |
12077 | interferes in what you want to do. This can also be a function | |
12078 | receiving the group name as the only parameter which should return | |
12079 | non-@code{nil} if a confirmation is needed, or a regular expression | |
12080 | matching group names, where confirmation should be asked for. | |
12081 | ||
12082 | If you find yourself never wanting to reply to mail, but occasionally | |
12083 | press @kbd{R} anyway, this variable might be for you. | |
12084 | ||
12085 | @item gnus-confirm-treat-mail-like-news | |
12086 | @vindex gnus-confirm-treat-mail-like-news | |
12087 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus also requests confirmation according to | |
12088 | @code{gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news} when replying to mail. This is | |
12089 | useful for treating mailing lists like newsgroups. | |
12090 | ||
12091 | @end table | |
12092 | ||
12093 | ||
12094 | @node Posting Server | |
12095 | @section Posting Server | |
12096 | ||
12097 | When you press those magical @kbd{C-c C-c} keys to ship off your latest | |
12098 | (extremely intelligent, of course) article, where does it go? | |
12099 | ||
12100 | Thank you for asking. I hate you. | |
12101 | ||
12102 | It can be quite complicated. | |
12103 | ||
12104 | @vindex gnus-post-method | |
12105 | When posting news, Message usually invokes @code{message-send-news} | |
12106 | (@pxref{News Variables, , News Variables, message, Message Manual}). | |
12107 | Normally, Gnus will post using the same select method as you're | |
12108 | reading from (which might be convenient if you're reading lots of | |
12109 | groups from different private servers). However. If the server | |
12110 | you're reading from doesn't allow posting, just reading, you probably | |
12111 | want to use some other server to post your (extremely intelligent and | |
12112 | fabulously interesting) articles. You can then set the | |
12113 | @code{gnus-post-method} to some other method: | |
12114 | ||
12115 | @lisp | |
12116 | (setq gnus-post-method '(nnspool "")) | |
12117 | @end lisp | |
12118 | ||
12119 | Now, if you've done this, and then this server rejects your article, or | |
12120 | this server is down, what do you do then? To override this variable you | |
12121 | can use a non-zero prefix to the @kbd{C-c C-c} command to force using | |
12122 | the ``current'' server, to get back the default behavior, for posting. | |
12123 | ||
12124 | If you give a zero prefix (i.e., @kbd{C-u 0 C-c C-c}) to that command, | |
12125 | Gnus will prompt you for what method to use for posting. | |
12126 | ||
12127 | You can also set @code{gnus-post-method} to a list of select methods. | |
12128 | If that's the case, Gnus will always prompt you for what method to use | |
12129 | for posting. | |
12130 | ||
12131 | Finally, if you want to always post using the native select method, | |
12132 | you can set this variable to @code{native}. | |
12133 | ||
12134 | When sending mail, Message invokes @code{message-send-mail-function}. | |
12135 | The default function, @code{message-send-mail-with-sendmail}, pipes | |
12136 | your article to the @code{sendmail} binary for further queuing and | |
12137 | sending. When your local system is not configured for sending mail | |
12138 | using @code{sendmail}, and you have access to a remote @acronym{SMTP} | |
12139 | server, you can set @code{message-send-mail-function} to | |
12140 | @code{smtpmail-send-it} and make sure to setup the @code{smtpmail} | |
12141 | package correctly. An example: | |
12142 | ||
12143 | @lisp | |
12144 | (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it | |
12145 | smtpmail-default-smtp-server "YOUR SMTP HOST") | |
12146 | @end lisp | |
12147 | ||
12148 | To the thing similar to this, there is | |
12149 | @code{message-smtpmail-send-it}. It is useful if your @acronym{ISP} | |
12150 | requires the @acronym{POP}-before-@acronym{SMTP} authentication. | |
12151 | @xref{POP before SMTP}. | |
12152 | ||
12153 | Other possible choices for @code{message-send-mail-function} includes | |
12154 | @code{message-send-mail-with-mh}, @code{message-send-mail-with-qmail}, | |
12155 | and @code{feedmail-send-it}. | |
12156 | ||
12157 | @node POP before SMTP | |
12158 | @section POP before SMTP | |
12159 | @cindex pop before smtp | |
12160 | @findex message-smtpmail-send-it | |
12161 | @findex mail-source-touch-pop | |
12162 | ||
12163 | Does your @acronym{ISP} require the @acronym{POP}-before-@acronym{SMTP} | |
12164 | authentication? It is whether you need to connect to the @acronym{POP} | |
12165 | mail server within a certain time before sending mails. If so, there is | |
12166 | a convenient way. To do that, put the following lines in your | |
12167 | @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
12168 | ||
12169 | @lisp | |
12170 | (setq message-send-mail-function 'message-smtpmail-send-it) | |
12171 | (add-hook 'message-send-mail-hook 'mail-source-touch-pop) | |
12172 | @end lisp | |
12173 | ||
12174 | @noindent | |
12175 | It means to let Gnus connect to the @acronym{POP} mail server in advance | |
12176 | whenever you send a mail. The @code{mail-source-touch-pop} function | |
12177 | does only a @acronym{POP} authentication according to the value of | |
12178 | @code{mail-sources} without fetching mails, just before sending a mail. | |
12179 | Note that you have to use @code{message-smtpmail-send-it} which runs | |
12180 | @code{message-send-mail-hook} rather than @code{smtpmail-send-it} and | |
12181 | set the value of @code{mail-sources} for a @acronym{POP} connection | |
12182 | correctly. @xref{Mail Sources}. | |
12183 | ||
12184 | If you have two or more @acronym{POP} mail servers set in | |
12185 | @code{mail-sources}, you may want to specify one of them to | |
12186 | @code{mail-source-primary-source} as the @acronym{POP} mail server to be | |
12187 | used for the @acronym{POP}-before-@acronym{SMTP} authentication. If it | |
12188 | is your primary @acronym{POP} mail server (i.e., you are fetching mails | |
12189 | mainly from that server), you can set it permanently as follows: | |
12190 | ||
12191 | @lisp | |
12192 | (setq mail-source-primary-source | |
12193 | '(pop :server "pop3.mail.server" | |
12194 | :password "secret")) | |
12195 | @end lisp | |
12196 | ||
12197 | @noindent | |
12198 | Otherwise, bind it dynamically only when performing the | |
12199 | @acronym{POP}-before-@acronym{SMTP} authentication as follows: | |
12200 | ||
12201 | @lisp | |
12202 | (add-hook 'message-send-mail-hook | |
12203 | (lambda () | |
12204 | (let ((mail-source-primary-source | |
12205 | '(pop :server "pop3.mail.server" | |
12206 | :password "secret"))) | |
12207 | (mail-source-touch-pop)))) | |
12208 | @end lisp | |
12209 | ||
12210 | @node Mail and Post | |
12211 | @section Mail and Post | |
12212 | ||
12213 | Here's a list of variables relevant to both mailing and | |
12214 | posting: | |
12215 | ||
12216 | @table @code | |
12217 | @item gnus-mailing-list-groups | |
12218 | @findex gnus-mailing-list-groups | |
12219 | @cindex mailing lists | |
12220 | ||
12221 | If your news server offers groups that are really mailing lists | |
12222 | gatewayed to the @acronym{NNTP} server, you can read those groups without | |
12223 | problems, but you can't post/followup to them without some difficulty. | |
12224 | One solution is to add a @code{to-address} to the group parameters | |
12225 | (@pxref{Group Parameters}). An easier thing to do is set the | |
12226 | @code{gnus-mailing-list-groups} to a regexp that matches the groups that | |
12227 | really are mailing lists. Then, at least, followups to the mailing | |
12228 | lists will work most of the time. Posting to these groups (@kbd{a}) is | |
12229 | still a pain, though. | |
12230 | ||
12231 | @item gnus-user-agent | |
12232 | @vindex gnus-user-agent | |
12233 | @cindex User-Agent | |
12234 | ||
12235 | This variable controls which information should be exposed in the | |
12236 | User-Agent header. It can be a list of symbols or a string. Valid | |
12237 | symbols are @code{gnus} (show Gnus version) and @code{emacs} (show Emacs | |
12238 | version). In addition to the Emacs version, you can add @code{codename} | |
12239 | (show (S)XEmacs codename) or either @code{config} (show system | |
12240 | configuration) or @code{type} (show system type). If you set it to a | |
12241 | string, be sure to use a valid format, see RFC 2616. | |
12242 | ||
12243 | @end table | |
12244 | ||
12245 | You may want to do spell-checking on messages that you send out. Or, if | |
12246 | you don't want to spell-check by hand, you could add automatic | |
12247 | spell-checking via the @code{ispell} package: | |
12248 | ||
12249 | @cindex ispell | |
12250 | @findex ispell-message | |
12251 | @lisp | |
12252 | (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message) | |
12253 | @end lisp | |
12254 | ||
12255 | If you want to change the @code{ispell} dictionary based on what group | |
12256 | you're in, you could say something like the following: | |
12257 | ||
12258 | @lisp | |
12259 | (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook | |
12260 | (lambda () | |
12261 | (cond | |
12262 | ((string-match | |
12263 | "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name)) | |
12264 | (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch")) | |
12265 | (t | |
12266 | (ispell-change-dictionary "english"))))) | |
12267 | @end lisp | |
12268 | ||
12269 | Modify to suit your needs. | |
12270 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
12271 | @vindex gnus-message-highlight-citation |
12272 | If @code{gnus-message-highlight-citation} is t, different levels of | |
12273 | citations are highlighted like in Gnus article buffers also in message | |
12274 | mode buffers. | |
4009494e GM |
12275 | |
12276 | @node Archived Messages | |
12277 | @section Archived Messages | |
12278 | @cindex archived messages | |
12279 | @cindex sent messages | |
12280 | ||
12281 | Gnus provides a few different methods for storing the mail and news you | |
12282 | send. The default method is to use the @dfn{archive virtual server} to | |
12283 | store the messages. If you want to disable this completely, the | |
12284 | @code{gnus-message-archive-group} variable should be @code{nil}, which | |
12285 | is the default. | |
12286 | ||
12287 | For archiving interesting messages in a group you read, see the | |
12288 | @kbd{B c} (@code{gnus-summary-copy-article}) command (@pxref{Mail | |
12289 | Group Commands}). | |
12290 | ||
12291 | @vindex gnus-message-archive-method | |
12292 | @code{gnus-message-archive-method} says what virtual server Gnus is to | |
01c52d31 MB |
12293 | use to store sent messages. The default is @code{"archive"}, and when |
12294 | actually being used it is expanded into: | |
4009494e GM |
12295 | |
12296 | @lisp | |
12297 | (nnfolder "archive" | |
12298 | (nnfolder-directory "~/Mail/archive") | |
12299 | (nnfolder-active-file "~/Mail/archive/active") | |
12300 | (nnfolder-get-new-mail nil) | |
12301 | (nnfolder-inhibit-expiry t)) | |
12302 | @end lisp | |
12303 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
12304 | @quotation |
12305 | @vindex gnus-update-message-archive-method | |
12306 | Note: a server like this is saved in the @file{~/.newsrc.eld} file first | |
12307 | so that it may be used as a real method of the server which is named | |
12308 | @code{"archive"} (that is, for the case where | |
12309 | @code{gnus-message-archive-method} is set to @code{"archive"}) ever | |
12310 | since. If it once has been saved, it will never be updated by default | |
12311 | even if you change the value of @code{gnus-message-archive-method} | |
12312 | afterward. Therefore, the server @code{"archive"} doesn't necessarily | |
12313 | mean the @code{nnfolder} server like this at all times. If you want the | |
12314 | saved method to reflect always the value of | |
12315 | @code{gnus-message-archive-method}, set the | |
12316 | @code{gnus-update-message-archive-method} variable to a non-@code{nil} | |
12317 | value. The default value of this variable is @code{nil}. | |
12318 | @end quotation | |
12319 | ||
4009494e GM |
12320 | You can, however, use any mail select method (@code{nnml}, |
12321 | @code{nnmbox}, etc.). @code{nnfolder} is a quite likable select method | |
12322 | for doing this sort of thing, though. If you don't like the default | |
12323 | directory chosen, you could say something like: | |
12324 | ||
12325 | @lisp | |
12326 | (setq gnus-message-archive-method | |
12327 | '(nnfolder "archive" | |
12328 | (nnfolder-inhibit-expiry t) | |
12329 | (nnfolder-active-file "~/News/sent-mail/active") | |
12330 | (nnfolder-directory "~/News/sent-mail/"))) | |
12331 | @end lisp | |
12332 | ||
12333 | @vindex gnus-message-archive-group | |
12334 | @cindex Gcc | |
12335 | Gnus will insert @code{Gcc} headers in all outgoing messages that point | |
12336 | to one or more group(s) on that server. Which group to use is | |
12337 | determined by the @code{gnus-message-archive-group} variable. | |
12338 | ||
12339 | This variable can be used to do the following: | |
12340 | ||
12341 | @table @asis | |
12342 | @item a string | |
12343 | Messages will be saved in that group. | |
12344 | ||
12345 | Note that you can include a select method in the group name, then the | |
12346 | message will not be stored in the select method given by | |
12347 | @code{gnus-message-archive-method}, but in the select method specified | |
12348 | by the group name, instead. Suppose @code{gnus-message-archive-method} | |
12349 | has the default value shown above. Then setting | |
12350 | @code{gnus-message-archive-group} to @code{"foo"} means that outgoing | |
12351 | messages are stored in @samp{nnfolder+archive:foo}, but if you use the | |
12352 | value @code{"nnml:foo"}, then outgoing messages will be stored in | |
12353 | @samp{nnml:foo}. | |
12354 | ||
12355 | @item a list of strings | |
12356 | Messages will be saved in all those groups. | |
12357 | ||
12358 | @item an alist of regexps, functions and forms | |
12359 | When a key ``matches'', the result is used. | |
12360 | ||
12361 | @item @code{nil} | |
12362 | No message archiving will take place. This is the default. | |
12363 | @end table | |
12364 | ||
12365 | Let's illustrate: | |
12366 | ||
12367 | Just saving to a single group called @samp{MisK}: | |
12368 | @lisp | |
12369 | (setq gnus-message-archive-group "MisK") | |
12370 | @end lisp | |
12371 | ||
12372 | Saving to two groups, @samp{MisK} and @samp{safe}: | |
12373 | @lisp | |
12374 | (setq gnus-message-archive-group '("MisK" "safe")) | |
12375 | @end lisp | |
12376 | ||
12377 | Save to different groups based on what group you are in: | |
12378 | @lisp | |
12379 | (setq gnus-message-archive-group | |
12380 | '(("^alt" "sent-to-alt") | |
12381 | ("mail" "sent-to-mail") | |
12382 | (".*" "sent-to-misc"))) | |
12383 | @end lisp | |
12384 | ||
12385 | More complex stuff: | |
12386 | @lisp | |
12387 | (setq gnus-message-archive-group | |
12388 | '((if (message-news-p) | |
12389 | "misc-news" | |
12390 | "misc-mail"))) | |
12391 | @end lisp | |
12392 | ||
12393 | How about storing all news messages in one file, but storing all mail | |
12394 | messages in one file per month: | |
12395 | ||
12396 | @lisp | |
12397 | (setq gnus-message-archive-group | |
12398 | '((if (message-news-p) | |
12399 | "misc-news" | |
12400 | (concat "mail." (format-time-string "%Y-%m"))))) | |
12401 | @end lisp | |
12402 | ||
12403 | @c (XEmacs 19.13 doesn't have @code{format-time-string}, so you'll have to | |
12404 | @c use a different value for @code{gnus-message-archive-group} there.) | |
12405 | ||
12406 | Now, when you send a message off, it will be stored in the appropriate | |
12407 | group. (If you want to disable storing for just one particular message, | |
12408 | you can just remove the @code{Gcc} header that has been inserted.) The | |
12409 | archive group will appear in the group buffer the next time you start | |
12410 | Gnus, or the next time you press @kbd{F} in the group buffer. You can | |
12411 | enter it and read the articles in it just like you'd read any other | |
12412 | group. If the group gets really big and annoying, you can simply rename | |
12413 | if (using @kbd{G r} in the group buffer) to something | |
12414 | nice---@samp{misc-mail-september-1995}, or whatever. New messages will | |
12415 | continue to be stored in the old (now empty) group. | |
12416 | ||
12417 | That's the default method of archiving sent messages. Gnus offers a | |
12418 | different way for the people who don't like the default method. In that | |
12419 | case you should set @code{gnus-message-archive-group} to @code{nil}; | |
12420 | this will disable archiving. | |
12421 | ||
12422 | @table @code | |
12423 | @item gnus-outgoing-message-group | |
12424 | @vindex gnus-outgoing-message-group | |
12425 | All outgoing messages will be put in this group. If you want to store | |
12426 | all your outgoing mail and articles in the group @samp{nnml:archive}, | |
12427 | you set this variable to that value. This variable can also be a list of | |
12428 | group names. | |
12429 | ||
12430 | If you want to have greater control over what group to put each | |
12431 | message in, you can set this variable to a function that checks the | |
12432 | current newsgroup name and then returns a suitable group name (or list | |
12433 | of names). | |
12434 | ||
12435 | This variable can be used instead of @code{gnus-message-archive-group}, | |
12436 | but the latter is the preferred method. | |
12437 | ||
12438 | @item gnus-gcc-mark-as-read | |
12439 | @vindex gnus-gcc-mark-as-read | |
12440 | If non-@code{nil}, automatically mark @code{Gcc} articles as read. | |
12441 | ||
12442 | @item gnus-gcc-externalize-attachments | |
12443 | @vindex gnus-gcc-externalize-attachments | |
12444 | If @code{nil}, attach files as normal parts in Gcc copies; if a regexp | |
12445 | and matches the Gcc group name, attach files as external parts; if it is | |
12446 | @code{all}, attach local files as external parts; if it is other | |
12447 | non-@code{nil}, the behavior is the same as @code{all}, but it may be | |
12448 | changed in the future. | |
12449 | ||
12450 | @end table | |
12451 | ||
12452 | ||
12453 | @node Posting Styles | |
12454 | @section Posting Styles | |
12455 | @cindex posting styles | |
12456 | @cindex styles | |
12457 | ||
12458 | All them variables, they make my head swim. | |
12459 | ||
12460 | So what if you want a different @code{Organization} and signature based | |
12461 | on what groups you post to? And you post both from your home machine | |
12462 | and your work machine, and you want different @code{From} lines, and so | |
12463 | on? | |
12464 | ||
12465 | @vindex gnus-posting-styles | |
12466 | One way to do stuff like that is to write clever hooks that change the | |
12467 | variables you need to have changed. That's a bit boring, so somebody | |
12468 | came up with the bright idea of letting the user specify these things in | |
12469 | a handy alist. Here's an example of a @code{gnus-posting-styles} | |
12470 | variable: | |
12471 | ||
12472 | @lisp | |
12473 | ((".*" | |
12474 | (signature "Peace and happiness") | |
12475 | (organization "What me?")) | |
12476 | ("^comp" | |
12477 | (signature "Death to everybody")) | |
12478 | ("comp.emacs.i-love-it" | |
12479 | (organization "Emacs is it"))) | |
12480 | @end lisp | |
12481 | ||
12482 | As you might surmise from this example, this alist consists of several | |
12483 | @dfn{styles}. Each style will be applicable if the first element | |
12484 | ``matches'', in some form or other. The entire alist will be iterated | |
12485 | over, from the beginning towards the end, and each match will be | |
12486 | applied, which means that attributes in later styles that match override | |
12487 | the same attributes in earlier matching styles. So | |
12488 | @samp{comp.programming.literate} will have the @samp{Death to everybody} | |
12489 | signature and the @samp{What me?} @code{Organization} header. | |
12490 | ||
12491 | The first element in each style is called the @code{match}. If it's a | |
12492 | string, then Gnus will try to regexp match it against the group name. | |
12493 | If it is the form @code{(header @var{match} @var{regexp})}, then Gnus | |
12494 | will look in the original article for a header whose name is | |
12495 | @var{match} and compare that @var{regexp}. @var{match} and | |
12496 | @var{regexp} are strings. (The original article is the one you are | |
12497 | replying or following up to. If you are not composing a reply or a | |
12498 | followup, then there is nothing to match against.) If the | |
12499 | @code{match} is a function symbol, that function will be called with | |
12500 | no arguments. If it's a variable symbol, then the variable will be | |
12501 | referenced. If it's a list, then that list will be @code{eval}ed. In | |
12502 | any case, if this returns a non-@code{nil} value, then the style is | |
12503 | said to @dfn{match}. | |
12504 | ||
12505 | Each style may contain an arbitrary amount of @dfn{attributes}. Each | |
12506 | attribute consists of a @code{(@var{name} @var{value})} pair. In | |
12507 | addition, you can also use the @code{(@var{name} :file @var{value})} | |
12508 | form or the @code{(@var{name} :value @var{value})} form. Where | |
12509 | @code{:file} signifies @var{value} represents a file name and its | |
12510 | contents should be used as the attribute value, @code{:value} signifies | |
12511 | @var{value} does not represent a file name explicitly. The attribute | |
12512 | name can be one of: | |
12513 | ||
12514 | @itemize @bullet | |
12515 | @item @code{signature} | |
12516 | @item @code{signature-file} | |
12517 | @item @code{x-face-file} | |
12518 | @item @code{address}, overriding @code{user-mail-address} | |
12519 | @item @code{name}, overriding @code{(user-full-name)} | |
12520 | @item @code{body} | |
12521 | @end itemize | |
12522 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
12523 | Note that the @code{signature-file} attribute honors the variable |
12524 | @code{message-signature-directory}. | |
12525 | ||
4009494e GM |
12526 | The attribute name can also be a string or a symbol. In that case, |
12527 | this will be used as a header name, and the value will be inserted in | |
12528 | the headers of the article; if the value is @code{nil}, the header | |
12529 | name will be removed. If the attribute name is @code{eval}, the form | |
12530 | is evaluated, and the result is thrown away. | |
12531 | ||
12532 | The attribute value can be a string (used verbatim), a function with | |
12533 | zero arguments (the return value will be used), a variable (its value | |
12534 | will be used) or a list (it will be @code{eval}ed and the return value | |
12535 | will be used). The functions and sexps are called/@code{eval}ed in the | |
12536 | message buffer that is being set up. The headers of the current article | |
12537 | are available through the @code{message-reply-headers} variable, which | |
12538 | is a vector of the following headers: number subject from date id | |
12539 | references chars lines xref extra. | |
12540 | ||
12541 | @vindex message-reply-headers | |
12542 | ||
12543 | If you wish to check whether the message you are about to compose is | |
12544 | meant to be a news article or a mail message, you can check the values | |
12545 | of the @code{message-news-p} and @code{message-mail-p} functions. | |
12546 | ||
12547 | @findex message-mail-p | |
12548 | @findex message-news-p | |
12549 | ||
12550 | So here's a new example: | |
12551 | ||
12552 | @lisp | |
12553 | (setq gnus-posting-styles | |
12554 | '((".*" | |
12555 | (signature-file "~/.signature") | |
12556 | (name "User Name") | |
12557 | (x-face-file "~/.xface") | |
12558 | (x-url (getenv "WWW_HOME")) | |
12559 | (organization "People's Front Against MWM")) | |
12560 | ("^rec.humor" | |
12561 | (signature my-funny-signature-randomizer)) | |
12562 | ((equal (system-name) "gnarly") ;; @r{A form} | |
12563 | (signature my-quote-randomizer)) | |
12564 | (message-news-p ;; @r{A function symbol} | |
12565 | (signature my-news-signature)) | |
12566 | (window-system ;; @r{A value symbol} | |
12567 | ("X-Window-System" (format "%s" window-system))) | |
12568 | ;; @r{If I'm replying to Larsi, set the Organization header.} | |
12569 | ((header "from" "larsi.*org") | |
12570 | (Organization "Somewhere, Inc.")) | |
12571 | ((posting-from-work-p) ;; @r{A user defined function} | |
12572 | (signature-file "~/.work-signature") | |
12573 | (address "user@@bar.foo") | |
12574 | (body "You are fired.\n\nSincerely, your boss.") | |
12575 | (organization "Important Work, Inc")) | |
12576 | ("nnml:.*" | |
12577 | (From (save-excursion | |
12578 | (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer) | |
12579 | (message-fetch-field "to")))) | |
12580 | ("^nn.+:" | |
12581 | (signature-file "~/.mail-signature")))) | |
12582 | @end lisp | |
12583 | ||
12584 | The @samp{nnml:.*} rule means that you use the @code{To} address as the | |
12585 | @code{From} address in all your outgoing replies, which might be handy | |
12586 | if you fill many roles. | |
12587 | You may also use @code{message-alternative-emails} instead. | |
12588 | @xref{Message Headers, ,Message Headers, message, Message Manual}. | |
12589 | ||
12590 | @node Drafts | |
12591 | @section Drafts | |
12592 | @cindex drafts | |
12593 | ||
12594 | If you are writing a message (mail or news) and suddenly remember that | |
12595 | you have a steak in the oven (or some pesto in the food processor, you | |
12596 | craaazy vegetarians), you'll probably wish there was a method to save | |
12597 | the message you are writing so that you can continue editing it some | |
12598 | other day, and send it when you feel its finished. | |
12599 | ||
12600 | Well, don't worry about it. Whenever you start composing a message of | |
12601 | some sort using the Gnus mail and post commands, the buffer you get will | |
12602 | automatically associate to an article in a special @dfn{draft} group. | |
12603 | If you save the buffer the normal way (@kbd{C-x C-s}, for instance), the | |
12604 | article will be saved there. (Auto-save files also go to the draft | |
12605 | group.) | |
12606 | ||
12607 | @cindex nndraft | |
12608 | @vindex nndraft-directory | |
12609 | The draft group is a special group (which is implemented as an | |
12610 | @code{nndraft} group, if you absolutely have to know) called | |
12611 | @samp{nndraft:drafts}. The variable @code{nndraft-directory} says where | |
12612 | @code{nndraft} is to store its files. What makes this group special is | |
12613 | that you can't tick any articles in it or mark any articles as | |
12614 | read---all articles in the group are permanently unread. | |
12615 | ||
12616 | If the group doesn't exist, it will be created and you'll be subscribed | |
12617 | to it. The only way to make it disappear from the Group buffer is to | |
12618 | unsubscribe it. The special properties of the draft group comes from | |
12619 | a group property (@pxref{Group Parameters}), and if lost the group | |
12620 | behaves like any other group. This means the commands below will not | |
12621 | be available. To restore the special properties of the group, the | |
12622 | simplest way is to kill the group, using @kbd{C-k}, and restart | |
12623 | Gnus. The group is automatically created again with the | |
12624 | correct parameters. The content of the group is not lost. | |
12625 | ||
12626 | @c @findex gnus-dissociate-buffer-from-draft | |
12627 | @c @kindex C-c M-d (Mail) | |
12628 | @c @kindex C-c M-d (Post) | |
12629 | @c @findex gnus-associate-buffer-with-draft | |
12630 | @c @kindex C-c C-d (Mail) | |
12631 | @c @kindex C-c C-d (Post) | |
12632 | @c If you're writing some super-secret message that you later want to | |
12633 | @c encode with PGP before sending, you may wish to turn the auto-saving | |
12634 | @c (and association with the draft group) off. You never know who might be | |
12635 | @c interested in reading all your extremely valuable and terribly horrible | |
12636 | @c and interesting secrets. The @kbd{C-c M-d} | |
12637 | @c (@code{gnus-dissociate-buffer-from-draft}) command does that for you. | |
12638 | @c If you change your mind and want to turn the auto-saving back on again, | |
12639 | @c @kbd{C-c C-d} (@code{gnus-associate-buffer-with-draft} does that. | |
12640 | @c | |
12641 | @c @vindex gnus-use-draft | |
12642 | @c To leave association with the draft group off by default, set | |
12643 | @c @code{gnus-use-draft} to @code{nil}. It is @code{t} by default. | |
12644 | ||
12645 | @findex gnus-draft-edit-message | |
12646 | @kindex D e (Draft) | |
12647 | When you want to continue editing the article, you simply enter the | |
12648 | draft group and push @kbd{D e} (@code{gnus-draft-edit-message}) to do | |
12649 | that. You will be placed in a buffer where you left off. | |
12650 | ||
12651 | Rejected articles will also be put in this draft group (@pxref{Rejected | |
12652 | Articles}). | |
12653 | ||
12654 | @findex gnus-draft-send-all-messages | |
12655 | @kindex D s (Draft) | |
12656 | @findex gnus-draft-send-message | |
12657 | @kindex D S (Draft) | |
12658 | If you have lots of rejected messages you want to post (or mail) without | |
12659 | doing further editing, you can use the @kbd{D s} command | |
12660 | (@code{gnus-draft-send-message}). This command understands the | |
12661 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). The @kbd{D S} | |
12662 | command (@code{gnus-draft-send-all-messages}) will ship off all messages | |
12663 | in the buffer. | |
12664 | ||
12665 | @findex gnus-draft-toggle-sending | |
12666 | @kindex D t (Draft) | |
12667 | If you have some messages that you wish not to send, you can use the | |
12668 | @kbd{D t} (@code{gnus-draft-toggle-sending}) command to mark the message | |
12669 | as unsendable. This is a toggling command. | |
12670 | ||
12671 | ||
12672 | @node Rejected Articles | |
12673 | @section Rejected Articles | |
12674 | @cindex rejected articles | |
12675 | ||
12676 | Sometimes a news server will reject an article. Perhaps the server | |
12677 | doesn't like your face. Perhaps it just feels miserable. Perhaps | |
12678 | @emph{there be demons}. Perhaps you have included too much cited text. | |
12679 | Perhaps the disk is full. Perhaps the server is down. | |
12680 | ||
12681 | These situations are, of course, totally beyond the control of Gnus. | |
12682 | (Gnus, of course, loves the way you look, always feels great, has angels | |
12683 | fluttering around inside of it, doesn't care about how much cited text | |
12684 | you include, never runs full and never goes down.) So Gnus saves these | |
12685 | articles until some later time when the server feels better. | |
12686 | ||
12687 | The rejected articles will automatically be put in a special draft group | |
12688 | (@pxref{Drafts}). When the server comes back up again, you'd then | |
12689 | typically enter that group and send all the articles off. | |
12690 | ||
12691 | @node Signing and encrypting | |
12692 | @section Signing and encrypting | |
12693 | @cindex using gpg | |
12694 | @cindex using s/mime | |
12695 | @cindex using smime | |
12696 | ||
12697 | Gnus can digitally sign and encrypt your messages, using vanilla | |
12698 | @acronym{PGP} format or @acronym{PGP/MIME} or @acronym{S/MIME}. For | |
12699 | decoding such messages, see the @code{mm-verify-option} and | |
12700 | @code{mm-decrypt-option} options (@pxref{Security}). | |
12701 | ||
12702 | @vindex gnus-message-replysign | |
12703 | @vindex gnus-message-replyencrypt | |
12704 | @vindex gnus-message-replysignencrypted | |
12705 | Often, you would like to sign replies to people who send you signed | |
12706 | messages. Even more often, you might want to encrypt messages which | |
12707 | are in reply to encrypted messages. Gnus offers | |
12708 | @code{gnus-message-replysign} to enable the former, and | |
12709 | @code{gnus-message-replyencrypt} for the latter. In addition, setting | |
12710 | @code{gnus-message-replysignencrypted} (on by default) will sign | |
12711 | automatically encrypted messages. | |
12712 | ||
12713 | Instructing @acronym{MML} to perform security operations on a | |
12714 | @acronym{MIME} part is done using the @kbd{C-c C-m s} key map for | |
12715 | signing and the @kbd{C-c C-m c} key map for encryption, as follows. | |
12716 | ||
12717 | @table @kbd | |
12718 | ||
12719 | @item C-c C-m s s | |
12720 | @kindex C-c C-m s s (Message) | |
12721 | @findex mml-secure-message-sign-smime | |
12722 | ||
12723 | Digitally sign current message using @acronym{S/MIME}. | |
12724 | ||
12725 | @item C-c C-m s o | |
12726 | @kindex C-c C-m s o (Message) | |
12727 | @findex mml-secure-message-sign-pgp | |
12728 | ||
12729 | Digitally sign current message using @acronym{PGP}. | |
12730 | ||
12731 | @item C-c C-m s p | |
12732 | @kindex C-c C-m s p (Message) | |
12733 | @findex mml-secure-message-sign-pgp | |
12734 | ||
12735 | Digitally sign current message using @acronym{PGP/MIME}. | |
12736 | ||
12737 | @item C-c C-m c s | |
12738 | @kindex C-c C-m c s (Message) | |
12739 | @findex mml-secure-message-encrypt-smime | |
12740 | ||
12741 | Digitally encrypt current message using @acronym{S/MIME}. | |
12742 | ||
12743 | @item C-c C-m c o | |
12744 | @kindex C-c C-m c o (Message) | |
12745 | @findex mml-secure-message-encrypt-pgp | |
12746 | ||
12747 | Digitally encrypt current message using @acronym{PGP}. | |
12748 | ||
12749 | @item C-c C-m c p | |
12750 | @kindex C-c C-m c p (Message) | |
12751 | @findex mml-secure-message-encrypt-pgpmime | |
12752 | ||
12753 | Digitally encrypt current message using @acronym{PGP/MIME}. | |
12754 | ||
12755 | @item C-c C-m C-n | |
12756 | @kindex C-c C-m C-n (Message) | |
12757 | @findex mml-unsecure-message | |
12758 | Remove security related @acronym{MML} tags from message. | |
12759 | ||
12760 | @end table | |
12761 | ||
12762 | @xref{Security, ,Security, message, Message Manual}, for more information. | |
12763 | ||
12764 | @node Select Methods | |
12765 | @chapter Select Methods | |
12766 | @cindex foreign groups | |
12767 | @cindex select methods | |
12768 | ||
12769 | A @dfn{foreign group} is a group not read by the usual (or | |
12770 | default) means. It could be, for instance, a group from a different | |
12771 | @acronym{NNTP} server, it could be a virtual group, or it could be your own | |
12772 | personal mail group. | |
12773 | ||
12774 | A foreign group (or any group, really) is specified by a @dfn{name} and | |
12775 | a @dfn{select method}. To take the latter first, a select method is a | |
12776 | list where the first element says what back end to use (e.g. @code{nntp}, | |
12777 | @code{nnspool}, @code{nnml}) and the second element is the @dfn{server | |
12778 | name}. There may be additional elements in the select method, where the | |
12779 | value may have special meaning for the back end in question. | |
12780 | ||
12781 | One could say that a select method defines a @dfn{virtual server}---so | |
12782 | we do just that (@pxref{Server Buffer}). | |
12783 | ||
12784 | The @dfn{name} of the group is the name the back end will recognize the | |
12785 | group as. | |
12786 | ||
12787 | For instance, the group @samp{soc.motss} on the @acronym{NNTP} server | |
12788 | @samp{some.where.edu} will have the name @samp{soc.motss} and select | |
12789 | method @code{(nntp "some.where.edu")}. Gnus will call this group | |
12790 | @samp{nntp+some.where.edu:soc.motss}, even though the @code{nntp} | |
12791 | back end just knows this group as @samp{soc.motss}. | |
12792 | ||
12793 | The different methods all have their peculiarities, of course. | |
12794 | ||
12795 | @menu | |
12796 | * Server Buffer:: Making and editing virtual servers. | |
12797 | * Getting News:: Reading USENET news with Gnus. | |
12798 | * Getting Mail:: Reading your personal mail with Gnus. | |
12799 | * Browsing the Web:: Getting messages from a plethora of Web sources. | |
12800 | * IMAP:: Using Gnus as a @acronym{IMAP} client. | |
12801 | * Other Sources:: Reading directories, files, SOUP packets. | |
12802 | * Combined Groups:: Combining groups into one group. | |
12803 | * Email Based Diary:: Using mails to manage diary events in Gnus. | |
12804 | * Gnus Unplugged:: Reading news and mail offline. | |
12805 | @end menu | |
12806 | ||
12807 | ||
12808 | @node Server Buffer | |
12809 | @section Server Buffer | |
12810 | ||
12811 | Traditionally, a @dfn{server} is a machine or a piece of software that | |
12812 | one connects to, and then requests information from. Gnus does not | |
12813 | connect directly to any real servers, but does all transactions through | |
12814 | one back end or other. But that's just putting one layer more between | |
12815 | the actual media and Gnus, so we might just as well say that each | |
12816 | back end represents a virtual server. | |
12817 | ||
12818 | For instance, the @code{nntp} back end may be used to connect to several | |
12819 | different actual @acronym{NNTP} servers, or, perhaps, to many different ports | |
12820 | on the same actual @acronym{NNTP} server. You tell Gnus which back end to | |
12821 | use, and what parameters to set by specifying a @dfn{select method}. | |
12822 | ||
12823 | These select method specifications can sometimes become quite | |
12824 | complicated---say, for instance, that you want to read from the | |
12825 | @acronym{NNTP} server @samp{news.funet.fi} on port number 13, which | |
12826 | hangs if queried for @acronym{NOV} headers and has a buggy select. Ahem. | |
12827 | Anyway, if you had to specify that for each group that used this | |
12828 | server, that would be too much work, so Gnus offers a way of naming | |
12829 | select methods, which is what you do in the server buffer. | |
12830 | ||
12831 | To enter the server buffer, use the @kbd{^} | |
12832 | (@code{gnus-group-enter-server-mode}) command in the group buffer. | |
12833 | ||
12834 | @menu | |
12835 | * Server Buffer Format:: You can customize the look of this buffer. | |
12836 | * Server Commands:: Commands to manipulate servers. | |
12837 | * Example Methods:: Examples server specifications. | |
12838 | * Creating a Virtual Server:: An example session. | |
12839 | * Server Variables:: Which variables to set. | |
12840 | * Servers and Methods:: You can use server names as select methods. | |
12841 | * Unavailable Servers:: Some servers you try to contact may be down. | |
12842 | @end menu | |
12843 | ||
12844 | @vindex gnus-server-mode-hook | |
12845 | @code{gnus-server-mode-hook} is run when creating the server buffer. | |
12846 | ||
12847 | ||
12848 | @node Server Buffer Format | |
12849 | @subsection Server Buffer Format | |
12850 | @cindex server buffer format | |
12851 | ||
12852 | @vindex gnus-server-line-format | |
12853 | You can change the look of the server buffer lines by changing the | |
12854 | @code{gnus-server-line-format} variable. This is a @code{format}-like | |
12855 | variable, with some simple extensions: | |
12856 | ||
12857 | @table @samp | |
12858 | ||
12859 | @item h | |
12860 | How the news is fetched---the back end name. | |
12861 | ||
12862 | @item n | |
12863 | The name of this server. | |
12864 | ||
12865 | @item w | |
12866 | Where the news is to be fetched from---the address. | |
12867 | ||
12868 | @item s | |
12869 | The opened/closed/denied status of the server. | |
12870 | ||
12871 | @item a | |
12872 | Whether this server is agentized. | |
12873 | @end table | |
12874 | ||
12875 | @vindex gnus-server-mode-line-format | |
12876 | The mode line can also be customized by using the | |
12877 | @code{gnus-server-mode-line-format} variable (@pxref{Mode Line | |
12878 | Formatting}). The following specs are understood: | |
12879 | ||
12880 | @table @samp | |
12881 | @item S | |
12882 | Server name. | |
12883 | ||
12884 | @item M | |
12885 | Server method. | |
12886 | @end table | |
12887 | ||
12888 | Also @pxref{Formatting Variables}. | |
12889 | ||
12890 | ||
12891 | @node Server Commands | |
12892 | @subsection Server Commands | |
12893 | @cindex server commands | |
12894 | ||
12895 | @table @kbd | |
12896 | ||
12897 | @item v | |
12898 | @kindex v (Server) | |
12899 | @cindex keys, reserved for users (Server) | |
12900 | The key @kbd{v} is reserved for users. You can bind it to some | |
12901 | command or better use it as a prefix key. | |
12902 | ||
12903 | @item a | |
12904 | @kindex a (Server) | |
12905 | @findex gnus-server-add-server | |
12906 | Add a new server (@code{gnus-server-add-server}). | |
12907 | ||
12908 | @item e | |
12909 | @kindex e (Server) | |
12910 | @findex gnus-server-edit-server | |
12911 | Edit a server (@code{gnus-server-edit-server}). | |
12912 | ||
12913 | @item SPACE | |
12914 | @kindex SPACE (Server) | |
12915 | @findex gnus-server-read-server | |
12916 | Browse the current server (@code{gnus-server-read-server}). | |
12917 | ||
12918 | @item q | |
12919 | @kindex q (Server) | |
12920 | @findex gnus-server-exit | |
12921 | Return to the group buffer (@code{gnus-server-exit}). | |
12922 | ||
12923 | @item k | |
12924 | @kindex k (Server) | |
12925 | @findex gnus-server-kill-server | |
12926 | Kill the current server (@code{gnus-server-kill-server}). | |
12927 | ||
12928 | @item y | |
12929 | @kindex y (Server) | |
12930 | @findex gnus-server-yank-server | |
12931 | Yank the previously killed server (@code{gnus-server-yank-server}). | |
12932 | ||
12933 | @item c | |
12934 | @kindex c (Server) | |
12935 | @findex gnus-server-copy-server | |
12936 | Copy the current server (@code{gnus-server-copy-server}). | |
12937 | ||
12938 | @item l | |
12939 | @kindex l (Server) | |
12940 | @findex gnus-server-list-servers | |
12941 | List all servers (@code{gnus-server-list-servers}). | |
12942 | ||
12943 | @item s | |
12944 | @kindex s (Server) | |
12945 | @findex gnus-server-scan-server | |
12946 | Request that the server scan its sources for new articles | |
12947 | (@code{gnus-server-scan-server}). This is mainly sensible with mail | |
12948 | servers. | |
12949 | ||
12950 | @item g | |
12951 | @kindex g (Server) | |
12952 | @findex gnus-server-regenerate-server | |
12953 | Request that the server regenerate all its data structures | |
12954 | (@code{gnus-server-regenerate-server}). This can be useful if you have | |
12955 | a mail back end that has gotten out of sync. | |
12956 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
12957 | @item z |
12958 | @kindex z (Server) | |
12959 | @findex gnus-server-compact-server | |
12960 | ||
12961 | Compact all groups in the server under point | |
12962 | (@code{gnus-server-compact-server}). Currently implemented only in | |
12963 | nnml (@pxref{Mail Spool}). This removes gaps between article numbers, | |
12964 | hence getting a correct total article count. | |
12965 | ||
4009494e GM |
12966 | @end table |
12967 | ||
12968 | ||
12969 | @node Example Methods | |
12970 | @subsection Example Methods | |
12971 | ||
12972 | Most select methods are pretty simple and self-explanatory: | |
12973 | ||
12974 | @lisp | |
12975 | (nntp "news.funet.fi") | |
12976 | @end lisp | |
12977 | ||
12978 | Reading directly from the spool is even simpler: | |
12979 | ||
12980 | @lisp | |
12981 | (nnspool "") | |
12982 | @end lisp | |
12983 | ||
12984 | As you can see, the first element in a select method is the name of the | |
12985 | back end, and the second is the @dfn{address}, or @dfn{name}, if you | |
12986 | will. | |
12987 | ||
12988 | After these two elements, there may be an arbitrary number of | |
12989 | @code{(@var{variable} @var{form})} pairs. | |
12990 | ||
12991 | To go back to the first example---imagine that you want to read from | |
12992 | port 15 on that machine. This is what the select method should | |
12993 | look like then: | |
12994 | ||
12995 | @lisp | |
12996 | (nntp "news.funet.fi" (nntp-port-number 15)) | |
12997 | @end lisp | |
12998 | ||
12999 | You should read the documentation to each back end to find out what | |
13000 | variables are relevant, but here's an @code{nnmh} example: | |
13001 | ||
13002 | @code{nnmh} is a mail back end that reads a spool-like structure. Say | |
13003 | you have two structures that you wish to access: One is your private | |
13004 | mail spool, and the other is a public one. Here's the possible spec for | |
13005 | your private mail: | |
13006 | ||
13007 | @lisp | |
13008 | (nnmh "private" (nnmh-directory "~/private/mail/")) | |
13009 | @end lisp | |
13010 | ||
13011 | (This server is then called @samp{private}, but you may have guessed | |
13012 | that.) | |
13013 | ||
13014 | Here's the method for a public spool: | |
13015 | ||
13016 | @lisp | |
13017 | (nnmh "public" | |
13018 | (nnmh-directory "/usr/information/spool/") | |
13019 | (nnmh-get-new-mail nil)) | |
13020 | @end lisp | |
13021 | ||
13022 | @cindex proxy | |
13023 | @cindex firewall | |
13024 | ||
13025 | If you are behind a firewall and only have access to the @acronym{NNTP} | |
13026 | server from the firewall machine, you can instruct Gnus to @code{rlogin} | |
13027 | on the firewall machine and telnet from there to the @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
13028 | Doing this can be rather fiddly, but your virtual server definition | |
13029 | should probably look something like this: | |
13030 | ||
13031 | @lisp | |
13032 | (nntp "firewall" | |
13033 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet) | |
13034 | (nntp-via-address "the.firewall.machine") | |
13035 | (nntp-address "the.real.nntp.host") | |
13036 | (nntp-end-of-line "\n")) | |
13037 | @end lisp | |
13038 | ||
13039 | If you want to use the wonderful @code{ssh} program to provide a | |
13040 | compressed connection over the modem line, you could add the following | |
13041 | configuration to the example above: | |
13042 | ||
13043 | @lisp | |
13044 | (nntp-via-rlogin-command "ssh") | |
13045 | @end lisp | |
13046 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
13047 | See also @code{nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches}. Here's an example for |
13048 | an indirect connection: | |
13049 | @lisp | |
13050 | (setq gnus-select-method | |
13051 | '(nntp "indirect" | |
13052 | (nntp-address "news.server.example") | |
13053 | (nntp-via-user-name "intermediate_user_name") | |
13054 | (nntp-via-address "intermediate.host.example") | |
13055 | (nntp-via-rlogin-command "ssh") | |
13056 | (nntp-end-of-line "\n") | |
13057 | (nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches ("-C" "-t" "-e" "none")) | |
13058 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet))) | |
13059 | @end lisp | |
4009494e GM |
13060 | |
13061 | If you're behind a firewall, but have direct access to the outside world | |
13062 | through a wrapper command like "runsocks", you could open a socksified | |
13063 | telnet connection to the news server as follows: | |
13064 | ||
13065 | @lisp | |
13066 | (nntp "outside" | |
13067 | (nntp-pre-command "runsocks") | |
13068 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-via-telnet) | |
13069 | (nntp-address "the.news.server") | |
13070 | (nntp-end-of-line "\n")) | |
13071 | @end lisp | |
13072 | ||
13073 | This means that you have to have set up @code{ssh-agent} correctly to | |
13074 | provide automatic authorization, of course. And to get a compressed | |
13075 | connection, you have to have the @samp{Compression} option in the | |
13076 | @code{ssh} @file{config} file. | |
13077 | ||
13078 | ||
13079 | @node Creating a Virtual Server | |
13080 | @subsection Creating a Virtual Server | |
13081 | ||
13082 | If you're saving lots of articles in the cache by using persistent | |
13083 | articles, you may want to create a virtual server to read the cache. | |
13084 | ||
13085 | First you need to add a new server. The @kbd{a} command does that. It | |
13086 | would probably be best to use @code{nnml} to read the cache. You | |
13087 | could also use @code{nnspool} or @code{nnmh}, though. | |
13088 | ||
13089 | Type @kbd{a nnml RET cache RET}. | |
13090 | ||
13091 | You should now have a brand new @code{nnml} virtual server called | |
13092 | @samp{cache}. You now need to edit it to have the right definitions. | |
13093 | Type @kbd{e} to edit the server. You'll be entered into a buffer that | |
13094 | will contain the following: | |
13095 | ||
13096 | @lisp | |
13097 | (nnml "cache") | |
13098 | @end lisp | |
13099 | ||
13100 | Change that to: | |
13101 | ||
13102 | @lisp | |
13103 | (nnml "cache" | |
13104 | (nnml-directory "~/News/cache/") | |
13105 | (nnml-active-file "~/News/cache/active")) | |
13106 | @end lisp | |
13107 | ||
13108 | Type @kbd{C-c C-c} to return to the server buffer. If you now press | |
13109 | @kbd{RET} over this virtual server, you should be entered into a browse | |
13110 | buffer, and you should be able to enter any of the groups displayed. | |
13111 | ||
13112 | ||
13113 | @node Server Variables | |
13114 | @subsection Server Variables | |
13115 | @cindex server variables | |
13116 | @cindex server parameters | |
13117 | ||
13118 | One sticky point when defining variables (both on back ends and in Emacs | |
13119 | in general) is that some variables are typically initialized from other | |
13120 | variables when the definition of the variables is being loaded. If you | |
13121 | change the ``base'' variable after the variables have been loaded, you | |
13122 | won't change the ``derived'' variables. | |
13123 | ||
13124 | This typically affects directory and file variables. For instance, | |
13125 | @code{nnml-directory} is @file{~/Mail/} by default, and all @code{nnml} | |
13126 | directory variables are initialized from that variable, so | |
13127 | @code{nnml-active-file} will be @file{~/Mail/active}. If you define a | |
13128 | new virtual @code{nnml} server, it will @emph{not} suffice to set just | |
13129 | @code{nnml-directory}---you have to explicitly set all the file | |
13130 | variables to be what you want them to be. For a complete list of | |
13131 | variables for each back end, see each back end's section later in this | |
13132 | manual, but here's an example @code{nnml} definition: | |
13133 | ||
13134 | @lisp | |
13135 | (nnml "public" | |
13136 | (nnml-directory "~/my-mail/") | |
13137 | (nnml-active-file "~/my-mail/active") | |
13138 | (nnml-newsgroups-file "~/my-mail/newsgroups")) | |
13139 | @end lisp | |
13140 | ||
13141 | Server variables are often called @dfn{server parameters}. | |
13142 | ||
13143 | @node Servers and Methods | |
13144 | @subsection Servers and Methods | |
13145 | ||
13146 | Wherever you would normally use a select method | |
13147 | (e.g. @code{gnus-secondary-select-method}, in the group select method, | |
13148 | when browsing a foreign server) you can use a virtual server name | |
13149 | instead. This could potentially save lots of typing. And it's nice all | |
13150 | over. | |
13151 | ||
13152 | ||
13153 | @node Unavailable Servers | |
13154 | @subsection Unavailable Servers | |
13155 | ||
13156 | If a server seems to be unreachable, Gnus will mark that server as | |
13157 | @code{denied}. That means that any subsequent attempt to make contact | |
13158 | with that server will just be ignored. ``It can't be opened,'' Gnus | |
13159 | will tell you, without making the least effort to see whether that is | |
13160 | actually the case or not. | |
13161 | ||
13162 | That might seem quite naughty, but it does make sense most of the time. | |
13163 | Let's say you have 10 groups subscribed to on server | |
13164 | @samp{nephelococcygia.com}. This server is located somewhere quite far | |
13165 | away from you and the machine is quite slow, so it takes 1 minute just | |
13166 | to find out that it refuses connection to you today. If Gnus were to | |
13167 | attempt to do that 10 times, you'd be quite annoyed, so Gnus won't | |
13168 | attempt to do that. Once it has gotten a single ``connection refused'', | |
13169 | it will regard that server as ``down''. | |
13170 | ||
13171 | So, what happens if the machine was only feeling unwell temporarily? | |
13172 | How do you test to see whether the machine has come up again? | |
13173 | ||
13174 | You jump to the server buffer (@pxref{Server Buffer}) and poke it | |
13175 | with the following commands: | |
13176 | ||
13177 | @table @kbd | |
13178 | ||
13179 | @item O | |
13180 | @kindex O (Server) | |
13181 | @findex gnus-server-open-server | |
13182 | Try to establish connection to the server on the current line | |
13183 | (@code{gnus-server-open-server}). | |
13184 | ||
13185 | @item C | |
13186 | @kindex C (Server) | |
13187 | @findex gnus-server-close-server | |
13188 | Close the connection (if any) to the server | |
13189 | (@code{gnus-server-close-server}). | |
13190 | ||
13191 | @item D | |
13192 | @kindex D (Server) | |
13193 | @findex gnus-server-deny-server | |
13194 | Mark the current server as unreachable | |
13195 | (@code{gnus-server-deny-server}). | |
13196 | ||
13197 | @item M-o | |
13198 | @kindex M-o (Server) | |
13199 | @findex gnus-server-open-all-servers | |
13200 | Open the connections to all servers in the buffer | |
13201 | (@code{gnus-server-open-all-servers}). | |
13202 | ||
13203 | @item M-c | |
13204 | @kindex M-c (Server) | |
13205 | @findex gnus-server-close-all-servers | |
13206 | Close the connections to all servers in the buffer | |
13207 | (@code{gnus-server-close-all-servers}). | |
13208 | ||
13209 | @item R | |
13210 | @kindex R (Server) | |
13211 | @findex gnus-server-remove-denials | |
13212 | Remove all marks to whether Gnus was denied connection from any servers | |
13213 | (@code{gnus-server-remove-denials}). | |
13214 | ||
13215 | @item L | |
13216 | @kindex L (Server) | |
13217 | @findex gnus-server-offline-server | |
13218 | Set server status to offline (@code{gnus-server-offline-server}). | |
13219 | ||
13220 | @end table | |
13221 | ||
13222 | ||
13223 | @node Getting News | |
13224 | @section Getting News | |
13225 | @cindex reading news | |
13226 | @cindex news back ends | |
13227 | ||
13228 | A newsreader is normally used for reading news. Gnus currently provides | |
13229 | only two methods of getting news---it can read from an @acronym{NNTP} server, | |
13230 | or it can read from a local spool. | |
13231 | ||
13232 | @menu | |
13233 | * NNTP:: Reading news from an @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
13234 | * News Spool:: Reading news from the local spool. | |
13235 | @end menu | |
13236 | ||
13237 | ||
13238 | @node NNTP | |
13239 | @subsection NNTP | |
13240 | @cindex nntp | |
13241 | ||
13242 | Subscribing to a foreign group from an @acronym{NNTP} server is rather easy. | |
13243 | You just specify @code{nntp} as method and the address of the @acronym{NNTP} | |
13244 | server as the, uhm, address. | |
13245 | ||
13246 | If the @acronym{NNTP} server is located at a non-standard port, setting the | |
13247 | third element of the select method to this port number should allow you | |
13248 | to connect to the right port. You'll have to edit the group info for | |
13249 | that (@pxref{Foreign Groups}). | |
13250 | ||
13251 | The name of the foreign group can be the same as a native group. In | |
13252 | fact, you can subscribe to the same group from as many different servers | |
13253 | you feel like. There will be no name collisions. | |
13254 | ||
13255 | The following variables can be used to create a virtual @code{nntp} | |
13256 | server: | |
13257 | ||
13258 | @table @code | |
13259 | ||
13260 | @item nntp-server-opened-hook | |
13261 | @vindex nntp-server-opened-hook | |
13262 | @cindex @sc{mode reader} | |
13263 | @cindex authinfo | |
13264 | @cindex authentication | |
13265 | @cindex nntp authentication | |
13266 | @findex nntp-send-authinfo | |
13267 | @findex nntp-send-mode-reader | |
13268 | is run after a connection has been made. It can be used to send | |
13269 | commands to the @acronym{NNTP} server after it has been contacted. By | |
13270 | default it sends the command @code{MODE READER} to the server with the | |
13271 | @code{nntp-send-mode-reader} function. This function should always be | |
13272 | present in this hook. | |
13273 | ||
13274 | @item nntp-authinfo-function | |
13275 | @vindex nntp-authinfo-function | |
13276 | @findex nntp-send-authinfo | |
13277 | @vindex nntp-authinfo-file | |
13278 | This function will be used to send @samp{AUTHINFO} to the @acronym{NNTP} | |
13279 | server. The default function is @code{nntp-send-authinfo}, which looks | |
13280 | through your @file{~/.authinfo} (or whatever you've set the | |
13281 | @code{nntp-authinfo-file} variable to) for applicable entries. If none | |
13282 | are found, it will prompt you for a login name and a password. The | |
13283 | format of the @file{~/.authinfo} file is (almost) the same as the | |
13284 | @code{ftp} @file{~/.netrc} file, which is defined in the @code{ftp} | |
13285 | manual page, but here are the salient facts: | |
13286 | ||
13287 | @enumerate | |
13288 | @item | |
13289 | The file contains one or more line, each of which define one server. | |
13290 | ||
13291 | @item | |
13292 | Each line may contain an arbitrary number of token/value pairs. | |
13293 | ||
13294 | The valid tokens include @samp{machine}, @samp{login}, @samp{password}, | |
13295 | @samp{default}. In addition Gnus introduces two new tokens, not present | |
13296 | in the original @file{.netrc}/@code{ftp} syntax, namely @samp{port} and | |
13297 | @samp{force}. (This is the only way the @file{.authinfo} file format | |
13298 | deviates from the @file{.netrc} file format.) @samp{port} is used to | |
13299 | indicate what port on the server the credentials apply to and | |
13300 | @samp{force} is explained below. | |
13301 | ||
13302 | @end enumerate | |
13303 | ||
13304 | Here's an example file: | |
13305 | ||
13306 | @example | |
13307 | machine news.uio.no login larsi password geheimnis | |
13308 | machine nntp.ifi.uio.no login larsi force yes | |
13309 | @end example | |
13310 | ||
13311 | The token/value pairs may appear in any order; @samp{machine} doesn't | |
13312 | have to be first, for instance. | |
13313 | ||
13314 | In this example, both login name and password have been supplied for the | |
13315 | former server, while the latter has only the login name listed, and the | |
13316 | user will be prompted for the password. The latter also has the | |
13317 | @samp{force} tag, which means that the authinfo will be sent to the | |
13318 | @var{nntp} server upon connection; the default (i.e., when there is not | |
13319 | @samp{force} tag) is to not send authinfo to the @var{nntp} server | |
13320 | until the @var{nntp} server asks for it. | |
13321 | ||
13322 | You can also add @samp{default} lines that will apply to all servers | |
13323 | that don't have matching @samp{machine} lines. | |
13324 | ||
13325 | @example | |
13326 | default force yes | |
13327 | @end example | |
13328 | ||
13329 | This will force sending @samp{AUTHINFO} commands to all servers not | |
13330 | previously mentioned. | |
13331 | ||
13332 | Remember to not leave the @file{~/.authinfo} file world-readable. | |
13333 | ||
13334 | @item nntp-server-action-alist | |
13335 | @vindex nntp-server-action-alist | |
13336 | This is a list of regexps to match on server types and actions to be | |
13337 | taken when matches are made. For instance, if you want Gnus to beep | |
13338 | every time you connect to innd, you could say something like: | |
13339 | ||
13340 | @lisp | |
13341 | (setq nntp-server-action-alist | |
13342 | '(("innd" (ding)))) | |
13343 | @end lisp | |
13344 | ||
13345 | You probably don't want to do that, though. | |
13346 | ||
13347 | The default value is | |
13348 | ||
13349 | @lisp | |
13350 | '(("nntpd 1\\.5\\.11t" | |
13351 | (remove-hook 'nntp-server-opened-hook | |
13352 | 'nntp-send-mode-reader))) | |
13353 | @end lisp | |
13354 | ||
13355 | This ensures that Gnus doesn't send the @code{MODE READER} command to | |
13356 | nntpd 1.5.11t, since that command chokes that server, I've been told. | |
13357 | ||
13358 | @item nntp-maximum-request | |
13359 | @vindex nntp-maximum-request | |
13360 | If the @acronym{NNTP} server doesn't support @acronym{NOV} headers, this back end | |
13361 | will collect headers by sending a series of @code{head} commands. To | |
13362 | speed things up, the back end sends lots of these commands without | |
13363 | waiting for reply, and then reads all the replies. This is controlled | |
13364 | by the @code{nntp-maximum-request} variable, and is 400 by default. If | |
13365 | your network is buggy, you should set this to 1. | |
13366 | ||
13367 | @item nntp-connection-timeout | |
13368 | @vindex nntp-connection-timeout | |
13369 | If you have lots of foreign @code{nntp} groups that you connect to | |
13370 | regularly, you're sure to have problems with @acronym{NNTP} servers not | |
13371 | responding properly, or being too loaded to reply within reasonable | |
13372 | time. This is can lead to awkward problems, which can be helped | |
13373 | somewhat by setting @code{nntp-connection-timeout}. This is an integer | |
13374 | that says how many seconds the @code{nntp} back end should wait for a | |
13375 | connection before giving up. If it is @code{nil}, which is the default, | |
13376 | no timeouts are done. | |
13377 | ||
13378 | @item nntp-nov-is-evil | |
13379 | @vindex nntp-nov-is-evil | |
13380 | If the @acronym{NNTP} server does not support @acronym{NOV}, you could set this | |
13381 | variable to @code{t}, but @code{nntp} usually checks automatically whether @acronym{NOV} | |
13382 | can be used. | |
13383 | ||
13384 | @item nntp-xover-commands | |
13385 | @vindex nntp-xover-commands | |
13386 | @cindex @acronym{NOV} | |
13387 | @cindex XOVER | |
13388 | List of strings used as commands to fetch @acronym{NOV} lines from a | |
13389 | server. The default value of this variable is @code{("XOVER" | |
13390 | "XOVERVIEW")}. | |
13391 | ||
13392 | @item nntp-nov-gap | |
13393 | @vindex nntp-nov-gap | |
13394 | @code{nntp} normally sends just one big request for @acronym{NOV} lines to | |
13395 | the server. The server responds with one huge list of lines. However, | |
13396 | if you have read articles 2-5000 in the group, and only want to read | |
13397 | article 1 and 5001, that means that @code{nntp} will fetch 4999 @acronym{NOV} | |
13398 | lines that you will not need. This variable says how | |
13399 | big a gap between two consecutive articles is allowed to be before the | |
13400 | @code{XOVER} request is split into several request. Note that if your | |
13401 | network is fast, setting this variable to a really small number means | |
13402 | that fetching will probably be slower. If this variable is @code{nil}, | |
13403 | @code{nntp} will never split requests. The default is 5. | |
13404 | ||
13405 | @item nntp-xref-number-is-evil | |
13406 | @vindex nntp-xref-number-is-evil | |
13407 | When Gnus refers to an article having the @code{Message-ID} that a user | |
13408 | specifies or having the @code{Message-ID} of the parent article of the | |
13409 | current one (@pxref{Finding the Parent}), Gnus sends a @code{HEAD} | |
13410 | command to the @acronym{NNTP} server to know where it is, and the server | |
13411 | returns the data containing the pairs of a group and an article number | |
13412 | in the @code{Xref} header. Gnus normally uses the article number to | |
13413 | refer to the article if the data shows that that article is in the | |
13414 | current group, while it uses the @code{Message-ID} otherwise. However, | |
13415 | some news servers, e.g., ones running Diablo, run multiple engines | |
13416 | having the same articles but article numbers are not kept synchronized | |
13417 | between them. In that case, the article number that appears in the | |
13418 | @code{Xref} header varies by which engine is chosen, so you cannot refer | |
13419 | to the parent article that is in the current group, for instance. If | |
13420 | you connect to such a server, set this variable to a non-@code{nil} | |
13421 | value, and Gnus never uses article numbers. For example: | |
13422 | ||
13423 | @lisp | |
13424 | (setq gnus-select-method | |
13425 | '(nntp "newszilla" | |
13426 | (nntp-address "newszilla.example.com") | |
13427 | (nntp-xref-number-is-evil t) | |
13428 | @dots{})) | |
13429 | @end lisp | |
13430 | ||
13431 | The default value of this server variable is @code{nil}. | |
13432 | ||
13433 | @item nntp-prepare-server-hook | |
13434 | @vindex nntp-prepare-server-hook | |
13435 | A hook run before attempting to connect to an @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
13436 | ||
13437 | @item nntp-record-commands | |
13438 | @vindex nntp-record-commands | |
13439 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nntp} will log all commands it sends to the | |
13440 | @acronym{NNTP} server (along with a timestamp) in the @samp{*nntp-log*} | |
13441 | buffer. This is useful if you are debugging a Gnus/@acronym{NNTP} connection | |
13442 | that doesn't seem to work. | |
13443 | ||
13444 | @item nntp-open-connection-function | |
13445 | @vindex nntp-open-connection-function | |
13446 | It is possible to customize how the connection to the nntp server will | |
13447 | be opened. If you specify an @code{nntp-open-connection-function} | |
13448 | parameter, Gnus will use that function to establish the connection. | |
01c52d31 MB |
13449 | Seven pre-made functions are supplied. These functions can be grouped |
13450 | in two categories: direct connection functions (four pre-made), and | |
13451 | indirect ones (three pre-made). | |
4009494e GM |
13452 | |
13453 | @item nntp-never-echoes-commands | |
13454 | @vindex nntp-never-echoes-commands | |
13455 | Non-@code{nil} means the nntp server never echoes commands. It is | |
13456 | reported that some nntps server doesn't echo commands. So, you may want | |
13457 | to set this to non-@code{nil} in the method for such a server setting | |
13458 | @code{nntp-open-connection-function} to @code{nntp-open-ssl-stream} for | |
13459 | example. The default value is @code{nil}. Note that the | |
13460 | @code{nntp-open-connection-functions-never-echo-commands} variable | |
13461 | overrides the @code{nil} value of this variable. | |
13462 | ||
13463 | @item nntp-open-connection-functions-never-echo-commands | |
13464 | @vindex nntp-open-connection-functions-never-echo-commands | |
13465 | List of functions that never echo commands. Add or set a function which | |
13466 | you set to @code{nntp-open-connection-function} to this list if it does | |
13467 | not echo commands. Note that a non-@code{nil} value of the | |
13468 | @code{nntp-never-echoes-commands} variable overrides this variable. The | |
13469 | default value is @code{(nntp-open-network-stream)}. | |
13470 | ||
13471 | @item nntp-prepare-post-hook | |
13472 | @vindex nntp-prepare-post-hook | |
13473 | A hook run just before posting an article. If there is no | |
13474 | @code{Message-ID} header in the article and the news server provides the | |
13475 | recommended ID, it will be added to the article before running this | |
13476 | hook. It is useful to make @code{Cancel-Lock} headers even if you | |
13477 | inhibit Gnus to add a @code{Message-ID} header, you could say: | |
13478 | ||
13479 | @lisp | |
13480 | (add-hook 'nntp-prepare-post-hook 'canlock-insert-header) | |
13481 | @end lisp | |
13482 | ||
13483 | Note that not all servers support the recommended ID. This works for | |
13484 | INN versions 2.3.0 and later, for instance. | |
13485 | ||
13486 | @end table | |
13487 | ||
13488 | @menu | |
13489 | * Direct Functions:: Connecting directly to the server. | |
13490 | * Indirect Functions:: Connecting indirectly to the server. | |
13491 | * Common Variables:: Understood by several connection functions. | |
01c52d31 | 13492 | * NNTP marks:: Storing marks for @acronym{NNTP} servers. |
4009494e GM |
13493 | @end menu |
13494 | ||
13495 | ||
13496 | @node Direct Functions | |
13497 | @subsubsection Direct Functions | |
13498 | @cindex direct connection functions | |
13499 | ||
13500 | These functions are called direct because they open a direct connection | |
13501 | between your machine and the @acronym{NNTP} server. The behavior of these | |
13502 | functions is also affected by commonly understood variables | |
13503 | (@pxref{Common Variables}). | |
13504 | ||
13505 | @table @code | |
13506 | @findex nntp-open-network-stream | |
13507 | @item nntp-open-network-stream | |
13508 | This is the default, and simply connects to some port or other on the | |
13509 | remote system. | |
13510 | ||
13511 | @findex nntp-open-tls-stream | |
13512 | @item nntp-open-tls-stream | |
13513 | Opens a connection to a server over a @dfn{secure} channel. To use | |
13514 | this you must have @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/, GNUTLS} | |
13515 | installed. You then define a server as follows: | |
13516 | ||
13517 | @lisp | |
13518 | ;; @r{"nntps" is port 563 and is predefined in our @file{/etc/services}} | |
13519 | ;; @r{however, @samp{gnutls-cli -p} doesn't like named ports.} | |
13520 | ;; | |
13521 | (nntp "snews.bar.com" | |
13522 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-tls-stream) | |
13523 | (nntp-port-number ) | |
13524 | (nntp-address "snews.bar.com")) | |
13525 | @end lisp | |
13526 | ||
13527 | @findex nntp-open-ssl-stream | |
13528 | @item nntp-open-ssl-stream | |
13529 | Opens a connection to a server over a @dfn{secure} channel. To use | |
13530 | this you must have @uref{http://www.openssl.org, OpenSSL} or | |
13531 | @uref{ftp://ftp.psy.uq.oz.au/pub/Crypto/SSL, SSLeay} installed. You | |
13532 | then define a server as follows: | |
13533 | ||
13534 | @lisp | |
13535 | ;; @r{"snews" is port 563 and is predefined in our @file{/etc/services}} | |
13536 | ;; @r{however, @samp{openssl s_client -port} doesn't like named ports.} | |
13537 | ;; | |
13538 | (nntp "snews.bar.com" | |
13539 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-ssl-stream) | |
13540 | (nntp-port-number 563) | |
13541 | (nntp-address "snews.bar.com")) | |
13542 | @end lisp | |
13543 | ||
13544 | @findex nntp-open-telnet-stream | |
13545 | @item nntp-open-telnet-stream | |
13546 | Opens a connection to an @acronym{NNTP} server by simply @samp{telnet}'ing | |
13547 | it. You might wonder why this function exists, since we have the | |
13548 | default @code{nntp-open-network-stream} which would do the job. (One | |
13549 | of) the reason(s) is that if you are behind a firewall but have direct | |
13550 | connections to the outside world thanks to a command wrapper like | |
13551 | @code{runsocks}, you can use it like this: | |
13552 | ||
13553 | @lisp | |
13554 | (nntp "socksified" | |
13555 | (nntp-pre-command "runsocks") | |
13556 | (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-telnet-stream) | |
13557 | (nntp-address "the.news.server")) | |
13558 | @end lisp | |
13559 | ||
13560 | With the default method, you would need to wrap your whole Emacs | |
13561 | session, which is not a good idea. | |
13562 | @end table | |
13563 | ||
13564 | ||
13565 | @node Indirect Functions | |
13566 | @subsubsection Indirect Functions | |
13567 | @cindex indirect connection functions | |
13568 | ||
13569 | These functions are called indirect because they connect to an | |
13570 | intermediate host before actually connecting to the @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
13571 | All of these functions and related variables are also said to belong to | |
13572 | the ``via'' family of connection: they're all prefixed with ``via'' to make | |
13573 | things cleaner. The behavior of these functions is also affected by | |
13574 | commonly understood variables (@pxref{Common Variables}). | |
13575 | ||
13576 | @table @code | |
13577 | @item nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet | |
13578 | @findex nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet | |
13579 | Does an @samp{rlogin} on a remote system, and then does a @samp{telnet} | |
13580 | to the real @acronym{NNTP} server from there. This is useful for instance if | |
13581 | you need to connect to a firewall machine first. | |
13582 | ||
13583 | @code{nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet}-specific variables: | |
13584 | ||
13585 | @table @code | |
13586 | @item nntp-via-rlogin-command | |
13587 | @vindex nntp-via-rlogin-command | |
13588 | Command used to log in on the intermediate host. The default is | |
13589 | @samp{rsh}, but @samp{ssh} is a popular alternative. | |
13590 | ||
13591 | @item nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches | |
13592 | @vindex nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches | |
13593 | List of strings to be used as the switches to | |
13594 | @code{nntp-via-rlogin-command}. The default is @code{nil}. If you use | |
13595 | @samp{ssh} for @code{nntp-via-rlogin-command}, you may set this to | |
13596 | @samp{("-C")} in order to compress all data connections, otherwise set | |
13597 | this to @samp{("-t" "-e" "none")} or @samp{("-C" "-t" "-e" "none")} if | |
13598 | the telnet command requires a pseudo-tty allocation on an intermediate | |
13599 | host. | |
13600 | @end table | |
13601 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
13602 | Note that you may want to change the value for @code{nntp-end-of-line} |
13603 | to @samp{\n} (@pxref{Common Variables}). | |
13604 | ||
13605 | @item nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat | |
13606 | @findex nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat | |
13607 | Does essentially the same, but uses | |
13608 | @uref{http://netcat.sourceforge.net/, netcat} instead of @samp{telnet} | |
13609 | to connect to the real @acronym{NNTP} server from the intermediate host. | |
13610 | ||
13611 | @code{nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat}-specific variables: | |
13612 | ||
13613 | @table @code | |
13614 | @item nntp-via-netcat-command | |
13615 | @vindex nntp-via-netcat-command | |
13616 | Command used to connect to the real @acronym{NNTP} server from the | |
13617 | intermediate host. The default is @samp{nc}. You can also use other | |
13618 | programs like @uref{http://www.imasy.or.jp/~gotoh/ssh/connect.html, | |
13619 | connect} instead. | |
13620 | ||
13621 | @item nntp-via-netcat-switches | |
13622 | @vindex nntp-via-netcat-switches | |
13623 | List of strings to be used as the switches to the | |
13624 | @code{nntp-via-telnet-command} command. The default is @code{nil}. | |
13625 | ||
13626 | @item nntp-via-rlogin-command | |
13627 | @vindex nntp-via-rlogin-command | |
13628 | Command used to log in on the intermediate host. The default is | |
13629 | @samp{rsh}, but @samp{ssh} is a popular alternative. | |
13630 | ||
13631 | @item nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches | |
13632 | @vindex nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches | |
13633 | List of strings to be used as the switches to | |
13634 | @code{nntp-via-rlogin-command}. The default is @code{nil}. | |
13635 | @end table | |
13636 | ||
4009494e GM |
13637 | @item nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet |
13638 | @findex nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet | |
13639 | Does essentially the same, but uses @samp{telnet} instead of | |
13640 | @samp{rlogin} to connect to the intermediate host. | |
13641 | ||
13642 | @code{nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet}-specific variables: | |
13643 | ||
13644 | @table @code | |
13645 | @item nntp-via-telnet-command | |
13646 | @vindex nntp-via-telnet-command | |
13647 | Command used to @code{telnet} the intermediate host. The default is | |
13648 | @samp{telnet}. | |
13649 | ||
13650 | @item nntp-via-telnet-switches | |
13651 | @vindex nntp-via-telnet-switches | |
13652 | List of strings to be used as the switches to the | |
13653 | @code{nntp-via-telnet-command} command. The default is @samp{("-8")}. | |
13654 | ||
13655 | @item nntp-via-user-password | |
13656 | @vindex nntp-via-user-password | |
13657 | Password to use when logging in on the intermediate host. | |
13658 | ||
13659 | @item nntp-via-envuser | |
13660 | @vindex nntp-via-envuser | |
13661 | If non-@code{nil}, the intermediate @code{telnet} session (client and | |
13662 | server both) will support the @code{ENVIRON} option and not prompt for | |
13663 | login name. This works for Solaris @code{telnet}, for instance. | |
13664 | ||
13665 | @item nntp-via-shell-prompt | |
13666 | @vindex nntp-via-shell-prompt | |
13667 | Regexp matching the shell prompt on the intermediate host. The default | |
13668 | is @samp{bash\\|\$ *\r?$\\|> *\r?}. | |
13669 | ||
13670 | @end table | |
13671 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
13672 | Note that you may want to change the value for @code{nntp-end-of-line} |
13673 | to @samp{\n} (@pxref{Common Variables}). | |
4009494e GM |
13674 | @end table |
13675 | ||
13676 | ||
13677 | Here are some additional variables that are understood by all the above | |
13678 | functions: | |
13679 | ||
13680 | @table @code | |
13681 | ||
13682 | @item nntp-via-user-name | |
13683 | @vindex nntp-via-user-name | |
13684 | User name to use when connecting to the intermediate host. | |
13685 | ||
13686 | @item nntp-via-address | |
13687 | @vindex nntp-via-address | |
13688 | Address of the intermediate host to connect to. | |
13689 | ||
13690 | @end table | |
13691 | ||
13692 | ||
13693 | @node Common Variables | |
13694 | @subsubsection Common Variables | |
13695 | ||
13696 | The following variables affect the behavior of all, or several of the | |
13697 | pre-made connection functions. When not specified, all functions are | |
13698 | affected (the values of the following variables will be used as the | |
13699 | default if each virtual @code{nntp} server doesn't specify those server | |
13700 | variables individually). | |
13701 | ||
13702 | @table @code | |
13703 | ||
13704 | @item nntp-pre-command | |
13705 | @vindex nntp-pre-command | |
13706 | A command wrapper to use when connecting through a non native | |
13707 | connection function (all except @code{nntp-open-network-stream}, | |
13708 | @code{nntp-open-tls-stream}, and @code{nntp-open-ssl-stream}). This is | |
13709 | where you would put a @samp{SOCKS} wrapper for instance. | |
13710 | ||
13711 | @item nntp-address | |
13712 | @vindex nntp-address | |
13713 | The address of the @acronym{NNTP} server. | |
13714 | ||
13715 | @item nntp-port-number | |
13716 | @vindex nntp-port-number | |
13717 | Port number to connect to the @acronym{NNTP} server. The default is | |
13718 | @samp{nntp}. If you use @acronym{NNTP} over | |
13719 | @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL}, you may want to use integer ports rather | |
13720 | than named ports (i.e, use @samp{563} instead of @samp{snews} or | |
13721 | @samp{nntps}), because external @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL} tools may | |
13722 | not work with named ports. | |
13723 | ||
13724 | @item nntp-end-of-line | |
13725 | @vindex nntp-end-of-line | |
13726 | String to use as end-of-line marker when talking to the @acronym{NNTP} | |
13727 | server. This is @samp{\r\n} by default, but should be @samp{\n} when | |
01c52d31 | 13728 | using a non native telnet connection function. |
4009494e GM |
13729 | |
13730 | @item nntp-telnet-command | |
13731 | @vindex nntp-telnet-command | |
13732 | Command to use when connecting to the @acronym{NNTP} server through | |
13733 | @samp{telnet}. This is @emph{not} for an intermediate host. This is | |
13734 | just for the real @acronym{NNTP} server. The default is | |
13735 | @samp{telnet}. | |
13736 | ||
13737 | @item nntp-telnet-switches | |
13738 | @vindex nntp-telnet-switches | |
13739 | A list of switches to pass to @code{nntp-telnet-command}. The default | |
13740 | is @samp{("-8")}. | |
13741 | ||
13742 | @end table | |
13743 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
13744 | @node NNTP marks |
13745 | @subsubsection NNTP marks | |
13746 | @cindex storing NNTP marks | |
13747 | ||
13748 | Gnus stores marks (@pxref{Marking Articles}) for @acronym{NNTP} | |
13749 | servers in marks files. A marks file records what marks you have set | |
13750 | in a group and each file is specific to the corresponding server. | |
13751 | Marks files are stored in @file{~/News/marks} | |
13752 | (@code{nntp-marks-directory}) under a classic hierarchy resembling | |
13753 | that of a news server, for example marks for the group | |
13754 | @samp{gmane.discuss} on the news.gmane.org server will be stored in | |
13755 | the file @file{~/News/marks/news.gmane.org/gmane/discuss/.marks}. | |
13756 | ||
13757 | Marks files are useful because you can copy the @file{~/News/marks} | |
13758 | directory (using rsync, scp or whatever) to another Gnus installation, | |
13759 | and it will realize what articles you have read and marked. The data | |
13760 | in @file{~/News/marks} has priority over the same data in | |
13761 | @file{~/.newsrc.eld}. | |
13762 | ||
13763 | Note that marks files are very much server-specific: Gnus remembers | |
13764 | the article numbers so if you don't use the same servers on both | |
13765 | installations things are most likely to break (most @acronym{NNTP} | |
13766 | servers do not use the same article numbers as any other server). | |
13767 | However, if you use servers A, B, C on one installation and servers A, | |
13768 | D, E on the other, you can sync the marks files for A and then you'll | |
13769 | get synchronization for that server between the two installations. | |
13770 | ||
13771 | Using @acronym{NNTP} marks can possibly incur a performance penalty so | |
13772 | if Gnus feels sluggish, try setting the @code{nntp-marks-is-evil} | |
13773 | variable to @code{t}. Marks will then be stored in @file{~/.newsrc.eld}. | |
13774 | ||
13775 | Related variables: | |
13776 | ||
13777 | @table @code | |
13778 | ||
13779 | @item nntp-marks-is-evil | |
13780 | @vindex nntp-marks-is-evil | |
13781 | If non-@code{nil}, this back end will ignore any marks files. The | |
13782 | default is @code{nil}. | |
13783 | ||
13784 | @item nntp-marks-directory | |
13785 | @vindex nntp-marks-directory | |
13786 | The directory where marks for nntp groups will be stored. | |
13787 | ||
13788 | @end table | |
13789 | ||
4009494e GM |
13790 | |
13791 | @node News Spool | |
13792 | @subsection News Spool | |
13793 | @cindex nnspool | |
13794 | @cindex news spool | |
13795 | ||
13796 | Subscribing to a foreign group from the local spool is extremely easy, | |
13797 | and might be useful, for instance, to speed up reading groups that | |
13798 | contain very big articles---@samp{alt.binaries.pictures.furniture}, for | |
13799 | instance. | |
13800 | ||
13801 | Anyway, you just specify @code{nnspool} as the method and @code{""} (or | |
13802 | anything else) as the address. | |
13803 | ||
13804 | If you have access to a local spool, you should probably use that as the | |
13805 | native select method (@pxref{Finding the News}). It is normally faster | |
13806 | than using an @code{nntp} select method, but might not be. It depends. | |
13807 | You just have to try to find out what's best at your site. | |
13808 | ||
13809 | @table @code | |
13810 | ||
13811 | @item nnspool-inews-program | |
13812 | @vindex nnspool-inews-program | |
13813 | Program used to post an article. | |
13814 | ||
13815 | @item nnspool-inews-switches | |
13816 | @vindex nnspool-inews-switches | |
13817 | Parameters given to the inews program when posting an article. | |
13818 | ||
13819 | @item nnspool-spool-directory | |
13820 | @vindex nnspool-spool-directory | |
13821 | Where @code{nnspool} looks for the articles. This is normally | |
13822 | @file{/usr/spool/news/}. | |
13823 | ||
13824 | @item nnspool-nov-directory | |
13825 | @vindex nnspool-nov-directory | |
13826 | Where @code{nnspool} will look for @acronym{NOV} files. This is normally@* | |
13827 | @file{/usr/spool/news/over.view/}. | |
13828 | ||
13829 | @item nnspool-lib-dir | |
13830 | @vindex nnspool-lib-dir | |
13831 | Where the news lib dir is (@file{/usr/lib/news/} by default). | |
13832 | ||
13833 | @item nnspool-active-file | |
13834 | @vindex nnspool-active-file | |
13835 | The name of the active file. | |
13836 | ||
13837 | @item nnspool-newsgroups-file | |
13838 | @vindex nnspool-newsgroups-file | |
13839 | The name of the group descriptions file. | |
13840 | ||
13841 | @item nnspool-history-file | |
13842 | @vindex nnspool-history-file | |
13843 | The name of the news history file. | |
13844 | ||
13845 | @item nnspool-active-times-file | |
13846 | @vindex nnspool-active-times-file | |
13847 | The name of the active date file. | |
13848 | ||
13849 | @item nnspool-nov-is-evil | |
13850 | @vindex nnspool-nov-is-evil | |
13851 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnspool} won't try to use any @acronym{NOV} files | |
13852 | that it finds. | |
13853 | ||
13854 | @item nnspool-sift-nov-with-sed | |
13855 | @vindex nnspool-sift-nov-with-sed | |
13856 | @cindex sed | |
13857 | If non-@code{nil}, which is the default, use @code{sed} to get the | |
13858 | relevant portion from the overview file. If @code{nil}, | |
13859 | @code{nnspool} will load the entire file into a buffer and process it | |
13860 | there. | |
13861 | ||
13862 | @end table | |
13863 | ||
13864 | ||
13865 | @node Getting Mail | |
13866 | @section Getting Mail | |
13867 | @cindex reading mail | |
13868 | @cindex mail | |
13869 | ||
13870 | Reading mail with a newsreader---isn't that just plain WeIrD? But of | |
13871 | course. | |
13872 | ||
13873 | @menu | |
13874 | * Mail in a Newsreader:: Important introductory notes. | |
13875 | * Getting Started Reading Mail:: A simple cookbook example. | |
13876 | * Splitting Mail:: How to create mail groups. | |
13877 | * Mail Sources:: How to tell Gnus where to get mail from. | |
13878 | * Mail Back End Variables:: Variables for customizing mail handling. | |
13879 | * Fancy Mail Splitting:: Gnus can do hairy splitting of incoming mail. | |
13880 | * Group Mail Splitting:: Use group customize to drive mail splitting. | |
13881 | * Incorporating Old Mail:: What about the old mail you have? | |
13882 | * Expiring Mail:: Getting rid of unwanted mail. | |
13883 | * Washing Mail:: Removing cruft from the mail you get. | |
13884 | * Duplicates:: Dealing with duplicated mail. | |
13885 | * Not Reading Mail:: Using mail back ends for reading other files. | |
13886 | * Choosing a Mail Back End:: Gnus can read a variety of mail formats. | |
13887 | @end menu | |
13888 | ||
13889 | ||
13890 | @node Mail in a Newsreader | |
13891 | @subsection Mail in a Newsreader | |
13892 | ||
13893 | If you are used to traditional mail readers, but have decided to switch | |
13894 | to reading mail with Gnus, you may find yourself experiencing something | |
13895 | of a culture shock. | |
13896 | ||
13897 | Gnus does not behave like traditional mail readers. If you want to make | |
13898 | it behave that way, you can, but it's an uphill battle. | |
13899 | ||
13900 | Gnus, by default, handles all its groups using the same approach. This | |
13901 | approach is very newsreaderly---you enter a group, see the new/unread | |
13902 | messages, and when you read the messages, they get marked as read, and | |
13903 | you don't see them any more. (Unless you explicitly ask for them.) | |
13904 | ||
13905 | In particular, you do not do anything explicitly to delete messages. | |
13906 | ||
13907 | Does this mean that all the messages that have been marked as read are | |
13908 | deleted? How awful! | |
13909 | ||
13910 | But, no, it means that old messages are @dfn{expired} according to some | |
13911 | scheme or other. For news messages, the expire process is controlled by | |
13912 | the news administrator; for mail, the expire process is controlled by | |
13913 | you. The expire process for mail is covered in depth in @ref{Expiring | |
13914 | Mail}. | |
13915 | ||
13916 | What many Gnus users find, after using it a while for both news and | |
13917 | mail, is that the transport mechanism has very little to do with how | |
13918 | they want to treat a message. | |
13919 | ||
13920 | Many people subscribe to several mailing lists. These are transported | |
13921 | via @acronym{SMTP}, and are therefore mail. But we might go for weeks without | |
13922 | answering, or even reading these messages very carefully. We may not | |
13923 | need to save them because if we should need to read one again, they are | |
13924 | archived somewhere else. | |
13925 | ||
13926 | Some people have local news groups which have only a handful of readers. | |
13927 | These are transported via @acronym{NNTP}, and are therefore news. But we may need | |
13928 | to read and answer a large fraction of the messages very carefully in | |
13929 | order to do our work. And there may not be an archive, so we may need | |
13930 | to save the interesting messages the same way we would personal mail. | |
13931 | ||
13932 | The important distinction turns out to be not the transport mechanism, | |
13933 | but other factors such as how interested we are in the subject matter, | |
13934 | or how easy it is to retrieve the message if we need to read it again. | |
13935 | ||
13936 | Gnus provides many options for sorting mail into ``groups'' which behave | |
13937 | like newsgroups, and for treating each group (whether mail or news) | |
13938 | differently. | |
13939 | ||
13940 | Some users never get comfortable using the Gnus (ahem) paradigm and wish | |
13941 | that Gnus should grow up and be a male, er, mail reader. It is possible | |
13942 | to whip Gnus into a more mailreaderly being, but, as said before, it's | |
13943 | not easy. People who prefer proper mail readers should try @sc{vm} | |
13944 | instead, which is an excellent, and proper, mail reader. | |
13945 | ||
13946 | I don't mean to scare anybody off, but I want to make it clear that you | |
13947 | may be required to learn a new way of thinking about messages. After | |
13948 | you've been subjected to The Gnus Way, you will come to love it. I can | |
13949 | guarantee it. (At least the guy who sold me the Emacs Subliminal | |
13950 | Brain-Washing Functions that I've put into Gnus did guarantee it. You | |
13951 | Will Be Assimilated. You Love Gnus. You Love The Gnus Mail Way. | |
13952 | You Do.) | |
13953 | ||
13954 | ||
13955 | @node Getting Started Reading Mail | |
13956 | @subsection Getting Started Reading Mail | |
13957 | ||
13958 | It's quite easy to use Gnus to read your new mail. You just plonk the | |
13959 | mail back end of your choice into @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods}, | |
13960 | and things will happen automatically. | |
13961 | ||
13962 | For instance, if you want to use @code{nnml} (which is a ``one file per | |
13963 | mail'' back end), you could put the following in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
13964 | ||
13965 | @lisp | |
13966 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnml ""))) | |
13967 | @end lisp | |
13968 | ||
13969 | Now, the next time you start Gnus, this back end will be queried for new | |
13970 | articles, and it will move all the messages in your spool file to its | |
13971 | directory, which is @file{~/Mail/} by default. The new group that will | |
13972 | be created (@samp{mail.misc}) will be subscribed, and you can read it | |
13973 | like any other group. | |
13974 | ||
13975 | You will probably want to split the mail into several groups, though: | |
13976 | ||
13977 | @lisp | |
13978 | (setq nnmail-split-methods | |
13979 | '(("junk" "^From:.*Lars Ingebrigtsen") | |
13980 | ("crazy" "^Subject:.*die\\|^Organization:.*flabby") | |
13981 | ("other" ""))) | |
13982 | @end lisp | |
13983 | ||
13984 | This will result in three new @code{nnml} mail groups being created: | |
13985 | @samp{nnml:junk}, @samp{nnml:crazy}, and @samp{nnml:other}. All the | |
13986 | mail that doesn't fit into the first two groups will be placed in the | |
13987 | last group. | |
13988 | ||
13989 | This should be sufficient for reading mail with Gnus. You might want to | |
13990 | give the other sections in this part of the manual a perusal, though. | |
13991 | Especially @pxref{Choosing a Mail Back End} and @pxref{Expiring Mail}. | |
13992 | ||
13993 | ||
13994 | @node Splitting Mail | |
13995 | @subsection Splitting Mail | |
13996 | @cindex splitting mail | |
13997 | @cindex mail splitting | |
13998 | @cindex mail filtering (splitting) | |
13999 | ||
14000 | @vindex nnmail-split-methods | |
14001 | The @code{nnmail-split-methods} variable says how the incoming mail is | |
14002 | to be split into groups. | |
14003 | ||
14004 | @lisp | |
14005 | (setq nnmail-split-methods | |
14006 | '(("mail.junk" "^From:.*Lars Ingebrigtsen") | |
14007 | ("mail.crazy" "^Subject:.*die\\|^Organization:.*flabby") | |
14008 | ("mail.other" ""))) | |
14009 | @end lisp | |
14010 | ||
14011 | This variable is a list of lists, where the first element of each of | |
14012 | these lists is the name of the mail group (they do not have to be called | |
14013 | something beginning with @samp{mail}, by the way), and the second | |
14014 | element is a regular expression used on the header of each mail to | |
14015 | determine if it belongs in this mail group. The first string may | |
14016 | contain @samp{\\1} forms, like the ones used by @code{replace-match} to | |
14017 | insert sub-expressions from the matched text. For instance: | |
14018 | ||
14019 | @lisp | |
14020 | ("list.\\1" "From:.* \\(.*\\)-list@@majordomo.com") | |
14021 | @end lisp | |
14022 | ||
14023 | @noindent | |
14024 | In that case, @code{nnmail-split-lowercase-expanded} controls whether | |
14025 | the inserted text should be made lowercase. @xref{Fancy Mail Splitting}. | |
14026 | ||
14027 | The second element can also be a function. In that case, it will be | |
14028 | called narrowed to the headers with the first element of the rule as the | |
14029 | argument. It should return a non-@code{nil} value if it thinks that the | |
14030 | mail belongs in that group. | |
14031 | ||
14032 | @cindex @samp{bogus} group | |
14033 | The last of these groups should always be a general one, and the regular | |
14034 | expression should @emph{always} be @samp{""} so that it matches any mails | |
14035 | that haven't been matched by any of the other regexps. (These rules are | |
14036 | processed from the beginning of the alist toward the end. The first rule | |
14037 | to make a match will ``win'', unless you have crossposting enabled. In | |
14038 | that case, all matching rules will ``win''.) If no rule matched, the mail | |
14039 | will end up in the @samp{bogus} group. When new groups are created by | |
14040 | splitting mail, you may want to run @code{gnus-group-find-new-groups} to | |
14041 | see the new groups. This also applies to the @samp{bogus} group. | |
14042 | ||
14043 | If you like to tinker with this yourself, you can set this variable to a | |
14044 | function of your choice. This function will be called without any | |
14045 | arguments in a buffer narrowed to the headers of an incoming mail | |
14046 | message. The function should return a list of group names that it | |
14047 | thinks should carry this mail message. | |
14048 | ||
14049 | Note that the mail back ends are free to maul the poor, innocent, | |
14050 | incoming headers all they want to. They all add @code{Lines} headers; | |
14051 | some add @code{X-Gnus-Group} headers; most rename the Unix mbox | |
14052 | @code{From<SPACE>} line to something else. | |
14053 | ||
14054 | @vindex nnmail-crosspost | |
14055 | The mail back ends all support cross-posting. If several regexps match, | |
14056 | the mail will be ``cross-posted'' to all those groups. | |
14057 | @code{nnmail-crosspost} says whether to use this mechanism or not. Note | |
14058 | that no articles are crossposted to the general (@samp{""}) group. | |
14059 | ||
14060 | @vindex nnmail-crosspost-link-function | |
14061 | @cindex crosspost | |
14062 | @cindex links | |
14063 | @code{nnmh} and @code{nnml} makes crossposts by creating hard links to | |
14064 | the crossposted articles. However, not all file systems support hard | |
14065 | links. If that's the case for you, set | |
14066 | @code{nnmail-crosspost-link-function} to @code{copy-file}. (This | |
14067 | variable is @code{add-name-to-file} by default.) | |
14068 | ||
14069 | @kindex M-x nnmail-split-history | |
14070 | @findex nnmail-split-history | |
14071 | If you wish to see where the previous mail split put the messages, you | |
14072 | can use the @kbd{M-x nnmail-split-history} command. If you wish to see | |
14073 | where re-spooling messages would put the messages, you can use | |
14074 | @code{gnus-summary-respool-trace} and related commands (@pxref{Mail | |
14075 | Group Commands}). | |
14076 | ||
14077 | @vindex nnmail-split-header-length-limit | |
14078 | Header lines longer than the value of | |
14079 | @code{nnmail-split-header-length-limit} are excluded from the split | |
14080 | function. | |
14081 | ||
14082 | @vindex nnmail-mail-splitting-decodes | |
14083 | @vindex nnmail-mail-splitting-charset | |
14084 | By default, splitting does not decode headers, so you can not match on | |
14085 | non-@acronym{ASCII} strings. But it is useful if you want to match | |
14086 | articles based on the raw header data. To enable it, set the | |
14087 | @code{nnmail-mail-splitting-decodes} variable to a non-@code{nil} value. | |
14088 | In addition, the value of the @code{nnmail-mail-splitting-charset} | |
14089 | variable is used for decoding non-@acronym{MIME} encoded string when | |
14090 | @code{nnmail-mail-splitting-decodes} is non-@code{nil}. The default | |
14091 | value is @code{nil} which means not to decode non-@acronym{MIME} encoded | |
14092 | string. A suitable value for you will be @code{undecided} or be the | |
14093 | charset used normally in mails you are interested in. | |
14094 | ||
14095 | @vindex nnmail-resplit-incoming | |
14096 | By default, splitting is performed on all incoming messages. If you | |
14097 | specify a @code{directory} entry for the variable @code{mail-sources} | |
14098 | (@pxref{Mail Source Specifiers}), however, then splitting does | |
14099 | @emph{not} happen by default. You can set the variable | |
14100 | @code{nnmail-resplit-incoming} to a non-@code{nil} value to make | |
14101 | splitting happen even in this case. (This variable has no effect on | |
14102 | other kinds of entries.) | |
14103 | ||
14104 | Gnus gives you all the opportunity you could possibly want for shooting | |
14105 | yourself in the foot. Let's say you create a group that will contain | |
14106 | all the mail you get from your boss. And then you accidentally | |
14107 | unsubscribe from the group. Gnus will still put all the mail from your | |
14108 | boss in the unsubscribed group, and so, when your boss mails you ``Have | |
14109 | that report ready by Monday or you're fired!'', you'll never see it and, | |
14110 | come Tuesday, you'll still believe that you're gainfully employed while | |
14111 | you really should be out collecting empty bottles to save up for next | |
14112 | month's rent money. | |
14113 | ||
14114 | ||
14115 | @node Mail Sources | |
14116 | @subsection Mail Sources | |
14117 | ||
14118 | Mail can be gotten from many different sources---the mail spool, from | |
14119 | a @acronym{POP} mail server, from a procmail directory, or from a | |
14120 | maildir, for instance. | |
14121 | ||
14122 | @menu | |
14123 | * Mail Source Specifiers:: How to specify what a mail source is. | |
14124 | * Mail Source Customization:: Some variables that influence things. | |
14125 | * Fetching Mail:: Using the mail source specifiers. | |
14126 | @end menu | |
14127 | ||
14128 | ||
14129 | @node Mail Source Specifiers | |
14130 | @subsubsection Mail Source Specifiers | |
14131 | @cindex POP | |
14132 | @cindex mail server | |
14133 | @cindex procmail | |
14134 | @cindex mail spool | |
14135 | @cindex mail source | |
14136 | ||
14137 | You tell Gnus how to fetch mail by setting @code{mail-sources} | |
14138 | (@pxref{Fetching Mail}) to a @dfn{mail source specifier}. | |
14139 | ||
14140 | Here's an example: | |
14141 | ||
14142 | @lisp | |
14143 | (pop :server "pop3.mailserver.com" :user "myname") | |
14144 | @end lisp | |
14145 | ||
14146 | As can be observed, a mail source specifier is a list where the first | |
14147 | element is a @dfn{mail source type}, followed by an arbitrary number of | |
14148 | @dfn{keywords}. Keywords that are not explicitly specified are given | |
14149 | default values. | |
14150 | ||
14151 | The following mail source types are available: | |
14152 | ||
14153 | @table @code | |
14154 | @item file | |
14155 | Get mail from a single file; typically from the mail spool. | |
14156 | ||
14157 | Keywords: | |
14158 | ||
14159 | @table @code | |
14160 | @item :path | |
14161 | The file name. Defaults to the value of the @env{MAIL} | |
14162 | environment variable or the value of @code{rmail-spool-directory} | |
14163 | (usually something like @file{/usr/mail/spool/user-name}). | |
14164 | ||
14165 | @item :prescript | |
14166 | @itemx :postscript | |
14167 | Script run before/after fetching mail. | |
14168 | @end table | |
14169 | ||
14170 | An example file mail source: | |
14171 | ||
14172 | @lisp | |
14173 | (file :path "/usr/spool/mail/user-name") | |
14174 | @end lisp | |
14175 | ||
14176 | Or using the default file name: | |
14177 | ||
14178 | @lisp | |
14179 | (file) | |
14180 | @end lisp | |
14181 | ||
14182 | If the mail spool file is not located on the local machine, it's best | |
14183 | to use @acronym{POP} or @acronym{IMAP} or the like to fetch the mail. | |
14184 | You can not use ange-ftp file names here---it has no way to lock the | |
14185 | mail spool while moving the mail. | |
14186 | ||
14187 | If it's impossible to set up a proper server, you can use ssh instead. | |
14188 | ||
14189 | @lisp | |
14190 | (setq mail-sources | |
14191 | '((file :prescript "ssh host bin/getmail >%t"))) | |
14192 | @end lisp | |
14193 | ||
14194 | The @samp{getmail} script would look something like the following: | |
14195 | ||
14196 | @example | |
14197 | #!/bin/sh | |
14198 | # getmail - move mail from spool to stdout | |
14199 | # flu@@iki.fi | |
14200 | ||
14201 | MOVEMAIL=/usr/lib/emacs/20.3/i386-redhat-linux/movemail | |
14202 | TMP=$HOME/Mail/tmp | |
14203 | rm -f $TMP; $MOVEMAIL $MAIL $TMP >/dev/null && cat $TMP | |
14204 | @end example | |
14205 | ||
14206 | Alter this script to fit the @samp{movemail} and temporary | |
14207 | file you want to use. | |
14208 | ||
14209 | ||
14210 | @item directory | |
14211 | @vindex nnmail-scan-directory-mail-source-once | |
14212 | Get mail from several files in a directory. This is typically used | |
14213 | when you have procmail split the incoming mail into several files. | |
14214 | That is, there is a one-to-one correspondence between files in that | |
14215 | directory and groups, so that mail from the file @file{foo.bar.spool} | |
14216 | will be put in the group @code{foo.bar}. (You can change the suffix | |
14217 | to be used instead of @code{.spool}.) Setting | |
14218 | @code{nnmail-scan-directory-mail-source-once} to non-@code{nil} forces | |
14219 | Gnus to scan the mail source only once. This is particularly useful | |
14220 | if you want to scan mail groups at a specified level. | |
14221 | ||
14222 | @vindex nnmail-resplit-incoming | |
14223 | There is also the variable @code{nnmail-resplit-incoming}, if you set | |
14224 | that to a non-@code{nil} value, then the normal splitting process is | |
14225 | applied to all the files from the directory, @ref{Splitting Mail}. | |
14226 | ||
14227 | Keywords: | |
14228 | ||
14229 | @table @code | |
14230 | @item :path | |
14231 | The name of the directory where the files are. There is no default | |
14232 | value. | |
14233 | ||
14234 | @item :suffix | |
14235 | Only files ending with this suffix are used. The default is | |
14236 | @samp{.spool}. | |
14237 | ||
14238 | @item :predicate | |
14239 | Only files that have this predicate return non-@code{nil} are returned. | |
14240 | The default is @code{identity}. This is used as an additional | |
14241 | filter---only files that have the right suffix @emph{and} satisfy this | |
14242 | predicate are considered. | |
14243 | ||
14244 | @item :prescript | |
14245 | @itemx :postscript | |
14246 | Script run before/after fetching mail. | |
14247 | ||
14248 | @end table | |
14249 | ||
14250 | An example directory mail source: | |
14251 | ||
14252 | @lisp | |
14253 | (directory :path "/home/user-name/procmail-dir/" | |
14254 | :suffix ".prcml") | |
14255 | @end lisp | |
14256 | ||
14257 | @item pop | |
14258 | Get mail from a @acronym{POP} server. | |
14259 | ||
14260 | Keywords: | |
14261 | ||
14262 | @table @code | |
14263 | @item :server | |
14264 | The name of the @acronym{POP} server. The default is taken from the | |
14265 | @env{MAILHOST} environment variable. | |
14266 | ||
14267 | @item :port | |
14268 | The port number of the @acronym{POP} server. This can be a number (eg, | |
14269 | @samp{:port 1234}) or a string (eg, @samp{:port "pop3"}). If it is a | |
14270 | string, it should be a service name as listed in @file{/etc/services} on | |
14271 | Unix systems. The default is @samp{"pop3"}. On some systems you might | |
14272 | need to specify it as @samp{"pop-3"} instead. | |
14273 | ||
14274 | @item :user | |
14275 | The user name to give to the @acronym{POP} server. The default is the login | |
14276 | name. | |
14277 | ||
14278 | @item :password | |
14279 | The password to give to the @acronym{POP} server. If not specified, | |
14280 | the user is prompted. | |
14281 | ||
14282 | @item :program | |
14283 | The program to use to fetch mail from the @acronym{POP} server. This | |
14284 | should be a @code{format}-like string. Here's an example: | |
14285 | ||
14286 | @example | |
14287 | fetchmail %u@@%s -P %p %t | |
14288 | @end example | |
14289 | ||
14290 | The valid format specifier characters are: | |
14291 | ||
14292 | @table @samp | |
14293 | @item t | |
14294 | The name of the file the mail is to be moved to. This must always be | |
14295 | included in this string. | |
14296 | ||
14297 | @item s | |
14298 | The name of the server. | |
14299 | ||
14300 | @item P | |
14301 | The port number of the server. | |
14302 | ||
14303 | @item u | |
14304 | The user name to use. | |
14305 | ||
14306 | @item p | |
14307 | The password to use. | |
14308 | @end table | |
14309 | ||
14310 | The values used for these specs are taken from the values you give the | |
14311 | corresponding keywords. | |
14312 | ||
14313 | @item :prescript | |
14314 | A script to be run before fetching the mail. The syntax is the same as | |
14315 | the @code{:program} keyword. This can also be a function to be run. | |
14316 | ||
14317 | @item :postscript | |
14318 | A script to be run after fetching the mail. The syntax is the same as | |
14319 | the @code{:program} keyword. This can also be a function to be run. | |
14320 | ||
14321 | @item :function | |
14322 | The function to use to fetch mail from the @acronym{POP} server. The | |
14323 | function is called with one parameter---the name of the file where the | |
14324 | mail should be moved to. | |
14325 | ||
14326 | @item :authentication | |
14327 | This can be either the symbol @code{password} or the symbol @code{apop} | |
14328 | and says what authentication scheme to use. The default is | |
14329 | @code{password}. | |
14330 | ||
14331 | @end table | |
14332 | ||
14333 | @vindex pop3-movemail | |
14334 | @vindex pop3-leave-mail-on-server | |
14335 | If the @code{:program} and @code{:function} keywords aren't specified, | |
14336 | @code{pop3-movemail} will be used. If @code{pop3-leave-mail-on-server} | |
14337 | is non-@code{nil} the mail is to be left on the @acronym{POP} server | |
14338 | after fetching when using @code{pop3-movemail}. Note that POP servers | |
14339 | maintain no state information between sessions, so what the client | |
14340 | believes is there and what is actually there may not match up. If they | |
14341 | do not, then you may get duplicate mails or the whole thing can fall | |
14342 | apart and leave you with a corrupt mailbox. | |
14343 | ||
14344 | Here are some examples for getting mail from a @acronym{POP} server. | |
14345 | Fetch from the default @acronym{POP} server, using the default user | |
14346 | name, and default fetcher: | |
14347 | ||
14348 | @lisp | |
14349 | (pop) | |
14350 | @end lisp | |
14351 | ||
14352 | Fetch from a named server with a named user and password: | |
14353 | ||
14354 | @lisp | |
14355 | (pop :server "my.pop.server" | |
14356 | :user "user-name" :password "secret") | |
14357 | @end lisp | |
14358 | ||
14359 | Use @samp{movemail} to move the mail: | |
14360 | ||
14361 | @lisp | |
14362 | (pop :program "movemail po:%u %t %p") | |
14363 | @end lisp | |
14364 | ||
14365 | @item maildir | |
14366 | Get mail from a maildir. This is a type of mailbox that is supported by | |
14367 | at least qmail and postfix, where each file in a special directory | |
14368 | contains exactly one mail. | |
14369 | ||
14370 | Keywords: | |
14371 | ||
14372 | @table @code | |
14373 | @item :path | |
14374 | The name of the directory where the mails are stored. The default is | |
14375 | taken from the @env{MAILDIR} environment variable or | |
14376 | @file{~/Maildir/}. | |
14377 | @item :subdirs | |
14378 | The subdirectories of the Maildir. The default is | |
14379 | @samp{("new" "cur")}. | |
14380 | ||
14381 | @c If you sometimes look at your mail through a pop3 daemon before fetching | |
14382 | @c them with Gnus, you may also have to fetch your mails from the | |
14383 | @c @code{cur} directory inside the maildir, like in the first example | |
14384 | @c below. | |
14385 | ||
14386 | You can also get mails from remote hosts (because maildirs don't suffer | |
14387 | from locking problems). | |
14388 | ||
14389 | @end table | |
14390 | ||
14391 | Two example maildir mail sources: | |
14392 | ||
14393 | @lisp | |
14394 | (maildir :path "/home/user-name/Maildir/" | |
14395 | :subdirs ("cur" "new")) | |
14396 | @end lisp | |
14397 | ||
14398 | @lisp | |
14399 | (maildir :path "/user@@remotehost.org:~/Maildir/" | |
14400 | :subdirs ("new")) | |
14401 | @end lisp | |
14402 | ||
14403 | @item imap | |
14404 | Get mail from a @acronym{IMAP} server. If you don't want to use | |
14405 | @acronym{IMAP} as intended, as a network mail reading protocol (ie | |
14406 | with nnimap), for some reason or other, Gnus let you treat it similar | |
14407 | to a @acronym{POP} server and fetches articles from a given | |
14408 | @acronym{IMAP} mailbox. @xref{IMAP}, for more information. | |
14409 | ||
14410 | Note that for the Kerberos, GSSAPI, @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL} and STARTTLS support you | |
14411 | may need external programs and libraries, @xref{IMAP}. | |
14412 | ||
14413 | Keywords: | |
14414 | ||
14415 | @table @code | |
14416 | @item :server | |
14417 | The name of the @acronym{IMAP} server. The default is taken from the | |
14418 | @env{MAILHOST} environment variable. | |
14419 | ||
14420 | @item :port | |
14421 | The port number of the @acronym{IMAP} server. The default is @samp{143}, or | |
14422 | @samp{993} for @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL} connections. | |
14423 | ||
14424 | @item :user | |
14425 | The user name to give to the @acronym{IMAP} server. The default is the login | |
14426 | name. | |
14427 | ||
14428 | @item :password | |
14429 | The password to give to the @acronym{IMAP} server. If not specified, the user is | |
14430 | prompted. | |
14431 | ||
14432 | @item :stream | |
14433 | What stream to use for connecting to the server, this is one of the | |
14434 | symbols in @code{imap-stream-alist}. Right now, this means | |
14435 | @samp{gssapi}, @samp{kerberos4}, @samp{starttls}, @samp{tls}, | |
14436 | @samp{ssl}, @samp{shell} or the default @samp{network}. | |
14437 | ||
14438 | @item :authentication | |
14439 | Which authenticator to use for authenticating to the server, this is | |
14440 | one of the symbols in @code{imap-authenticator-alist}. Right now, | |
14441 | this means @samp{gssapi}, @samp{kerberos4}, @samp{digest-md5}, | |
14442 | @samp{cram-md5}, @samp{anonymous} or the default @samp{login}. | |
14443 | ||
14444 | @item :program | |
14445 | When using the `shell' :stream, the contents of this variable is | |
14446 | mapped into the @code{imap-shell-program} variable. This should be a | |
14447 | @code{format}-like string (or list of strings). Here's an example: | |
14448 | ||
14449 | @example | |
14450 | ssh %s imapd | |
14451 | @end example | |
14452 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
14453 | Make sure nothing is interfering with the output of the program, e.g., |
14454 | don't forget to redirect the error output to the void. The valid format | |
14455 | specifier characters are: | |
4009494e GM |
14456 | |
14457 | @table @samp | |
14458 | @item s | |
14459 | The name of the server. | |
14460 | ||
14461 | @item l | |
14462 | User name from @code{imap-default-user}. | |
14463 | ||
14464 | @item p | |
14465 | The port number of the server. | |
14466 | @end table | |
14467 | ||
14468 | The values used for these specs are taken from the values you give the | |
14469 | corresponding keywords. | |
14470 | ||
14471 | @item :mailbox | |
14472 | The name of the mailbox to get mail from. The default is @samp{INBOX} | |
14473 | which normally is the mailbox which receive incoming mail. | |
14474 | ||
14475 | @item :predicate | |
14476 | The predicate used to find articles to fetch. The default, @samp{UNSEEN | |
14477 | UNDELETED}, is probably the best choice for most people, but if you | |
14478 | sometimes peek in your mailbox with a @acronym{IMAP} client and mark some | |
14479 | articles as read (or; SEEN) you might want to set this to @samp{1:*}. | |
14480 | Then all articles in the mailbox is fetched, no matter what. For a | |
14481 | complete list of predicates, see RFC 2060 section 6.4.4. | |
14482 | ||
14483 | @item :fetchflag | |
14484 | How to flag fetched articles on the server, the default @samp{\Deleted} | |
14485 | will mark them as deleted, an alternative would be @samp{\Seen} which | |
14486 | would simply mark them as read. These are the two most likely choices, | |
14487 | but more flags are defined in RFC 2060 section 2.3.2. | |
14488 | ||
14489 | @item :dontexpunge | |
14490 | If non-@code{nil}, don't remove all articles marked as deleted in the | |
14491 | mailbox after finishing the fetch. | |
14492 | ||
14493 | @end table | |
14494 | ||
14495 | An example @acronym{IMAP} mail source: | |
14496 | ||
14497 | @lisp | |
14498 | (imap :server "mail.mycorp.com" | |
14499 | :stream kerberos4 | |
14500 | :fetchflag "\\Seen") | |
14501 | @end lisp | |
14502 | ||
14503 | @item webmail | |
14504 | Get mail from a webmail server, such as @uref{http://www.hotmail.com/}, | |
14505 | @uref{http://webmail.netscape.com/}, @uref{http://www.netaddress.com/}, | |
14506 | @uref{http://mail.yahoo.com/}. | |
14507 | ||
14508 | NOTE: Webmail largely depends on cookies. A "one-line-cookie" patch is | |
14509 | required for url "4.0pre.46". | |
14510 | ||
14511 | WARNING: Mails may be lost. NO WARRANTY. | |
14512 | ||
14513 | Keywords: | |
14514 | ||
14515 | @table @code | |
14516 | @item :subtype | |
14517 | The type of the webmail server. The default is @code{hotmail}. The | |
14518 | alternatives are @code{netscape}, @code{netaddress}, @code{my-deja}. | |
14519 | ||
14520 | @item :user | |
14521 | The user name to give to the webmail server. The default is the login | |
14522 | name. | |
14523 | ||
14524 | @item :password | |
14525 | The password to give to the webmail server. If not specified, the user is | |
14526 | prompted. | |
14527 | ||
14528 | @item :dontexpunge | |
14529 | If non-@code{nil}, only fetch unread articles and don't move them to | |
14530 | trash folder after finishing the fetch. | |
14531 | ||
14532 | @end table | |
14533 | ||
14534 | An example webmail source: | |
14535 | ||
14536 | @lisp | |
14537 | (webmail :subtype 'hotmail | |
14538 | :user "user-name" | |
14539 | :password "secret") | |
14540 | @end lisp | |
14541 | @end table | |
14542 | ||
14543 | @table @dfn | |
14544 | @item Common Keywords | |
14545 | Common keywords can be used in any type of mail source. | |
14546 | ||
14547 | Keywords: | |
14548 | ||
14549 | @table @code | |
14550 | @item :plugged | |
14551 | If non-@code{nil}, fetch the mail even when Gnus is unplugged. If you | |
14552 | use directory source to get mail, you can specify it as in this | |
14553 | example: | |
14554 | ||
14555 | @lisp | |
14556 | (setq mail-sources | |
14557 | '((directory :path "/home/pavel/.Spool/" | |
14558 | :suffix "" | |
14559 | :plugged t))) | |
14560 | @end lisp | |
14561 | ||
14562 | Gnus will then fetch your mail even when you are unplugged. This is | |
14563 | useful when you use local mail and news. | |
14564 | ||
14565 | @end table | |
14566 | @end table | |
14567 | ||
14568 | @subsubsection Function Interface | |
14569 | ||
14570 | Some of the above keywords specify a Lisp function to be executed. | |
14571 | For each keyword @code{:foo}, the Lisp variable @code{foo} is bound to | |
14572 | the value of the keyword while the function is executing. For example, | |
14573 | consider the following mail-source setting: | |
14574 | ||
14575 | @lisp | |
14576 | (setq mail-sources '((pop :user "jrl" | |
14577 | :server "pophost" :function fetchfunc))) | |
14578 | @end lisp | |
14579 | ||
14580 | While the function @code{fetchfunc} is executing, the symbol @code{user} | |
14581 | is bound to @code{"jrl"}, and the symbol @code{server} is bound to | |
14582 | @code{"pophost"}. The symbols @code{port}, @code{password}, | |
14583 | @code{program}, @code{prescript}, @code{postscript}, @code{function}, | |
14584 | and @code{authentication} are also bound (to their default values). | |
14585 | ||
14586 | See above for a list of keywords for each type of mail source. | |
14587 | ||
14588 | ||
14589 | @node Mail Source Customization | |
14590 | @subsubsection Mail Source Customization | |
14591 | ||
14592 | The following is a list of variables that influence how the mail is | |
14593 | fetched. You would normally not need to set or change any of these | |
14594 | variables. | |
14595 | ||
14596 | @table @code | |
14597 | @item mail-source-crash-box | |
14598 | @vindex mail-source-crash-box | |
14599 | File where mail will be stored while processing it. The default is@* | |
14600 | @file{~/.emacs-mail-crash-box}. | |
14601 | ||
14602 | @item mail-source-delete-incoming | |
14603 | @vindex mail-source-delete-incoming | |
14604 | If non-@code{nil}, delete incoming files after handling them. If | |
14605 | @code{t}, delete the files immediately, if @code{nil}, never delete any | |
14606 | files. If a positive number, delete files older than number of days | |
14607 | (This will only happen, when receiving new mail). You may also set | |
14608 | @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} to @code{nil} and call | |
14609 | @code{mail-source-delete-old-incoming} from a hook or interactively. | |
14610 | ||
14611 | @item mail-source-delete-old-incoming-confirm | |
14612 | @vindex mail-source-delete-old-incoming-confirm | |
14613 | If non-@code{nil}, ask for confirmation before deleting old incoming | |
14614 | files. This variable only applies when | |
14615 | @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} is a positive number. | |
14616 | ||
14617 | @item mail-source-ignore-errors | |
14618 | @vindex mail-source-ignore-errors | |
14619 | If non-@code{nil}, ignore errors when reading mail from a mail source. | |
14620 | ||
14621 | @item mail-source-directory | |
14622 | @vindex mail-source-directory | |
14623 | Directory where incoming mail source files (if any) will be stored. The | |
14624 | default is @file{~/Mail/}. At present, the only thing this is used for | |
14625 | is to say where the incoming files will be stored if the variable | |
14626 | @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} is @code{nil} or a number. | |
14627 | ||
14628 | @item mail-source-incoming-file-prefix | |
14629 | @vindex mail-source-incoming-file-prefix | |
14630 | Prefix for file name for storing incoming mail. The default is | |
14631 | @file{Incoming}, in which case files will end up with names like | |
14632 | @file{Incoming30630D_} or @file{Incoming298602ZD}. This is really only | |
14633 | relevant if @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} is @code{nil} or a | |
14634 | number. | |
14635 | ||
14636 | @item mail-source-default-file-modes | |
14637 | @vindex mail-source-default-file-modes | |
14638 | All new mail files will get this file mode. The default is 384. | |
14639 | ||
14640 | @item mail-source-movemail-program | |
14641 | @vindex mail-source-movemail-program | |
14642 | If non-@code{nil}, name of program for fetching new mail. If | |
14643 | @code{nil}, @code{movemail} in @var{exec-directory}. | |
14644 | ||
14645 | @end table | |
14646 | ||
14647 | ||
14648 | @node Fetching Mail | |
14649 | @subsubsection Fetching Mail | |
14650 | ||
14651 | @vindex mail-sources | |
14652 | @vindex nnmail-spool-file | |
14653 | The way to actually tell Gnus where to get new mail from is to set | |
14654 | @code{mail-sources} to a list of mail source specifiers | |
14655 | (@pxref{Mail Source Specifiers}). | |
14656 | ||
14657 | If this variable (and the obsolescent @code{nnmail-spool-file}) is | |
14658 | @code{nil}, the mail back ends will never attempt to fetch mail by | |
14659 | themselves. | |
14660 | ||
14661 | If you want to fetch mail both from your local spool as well as a | |
14662 | @acronym{POP} mail server, you'd say something like: | |
14663 | ||
14664 | @lisp | |
14665 | (setq mail-sources | |
14666 | '((file) | |
14667 | (pop :server "pop3.mail.server" | |
14668 | :password "secret"))) | |
14669 | @end lisp | |
14670 | ||
14671 | Or, if you don't want to use any of the keyword defaults: | |
14672 | ||
14673 | @lisp | |
14674 | (setq mail-sources | |
14675 | '((file :path "/var/spool/mail/user-name") | |
14676 | (pop :server "pop3.mail.server" | |
14677 | :user "user-name" | |
14678 | :port "pop3" | |
14679 | :password "secret"))) | |
14680 | @end lisp | |
14681 | ||
14682 | ||
14683 | When you use a mail back end, Gnus will slurp all your mail from your | |
14684 | inbox and plonk it down in your home directory. Gnus doesn't move any | |
14685 | mail if you're not using a mail back end---you have to do a lot of magic | |
14686 | invocations first. At the time when you have finished drawing the | |
14687 | pentagram, lightened the candles, and sacrificed the goat, you really | |
14688 | shouldn't be too surprised when Gnus moves your mail. | |
14689 | ||
14690 | ||
14691 | ||
14692 | @node Mail Back End Variables | |
14693 | @subsection Mail Back End Variables | |
14694 | ||
14695 | These variables are (for the most part) pertinent to all the various | |
14696 | mail back ends. | |
14697 | ||
14698 | @table @code | |
14699 | @vindex nnmail-read-incoming-hook | |
14700 | @item nnmail-read-incoming-hook | |
14701 | The mail back ends all call this hook after reading new mail. You can | |
14702 | use this hook to notify any mail watch programs, if you want to. | |
14703 | ||
14704 | @vindex nnmail-split-hook | |
14705 | @item nnmail-split-hook | |
14706 | @findex gnus-article-decode-encoded-words | |
14707 | @cindex RFC 1522 decoding | |
14708 | @cindex RFC 2047 decoding | |
14709 | Hook run in the buffer where the mail headers of each message is kept | |
14710 | just before the splitting based on these headers is done. The hook is | |
14711 | free to modify the buffer contents in any way it sees fit---the buffer | |
14712 | is discarded after the splitting has been done, and no changes performed | |
14713 | in the buffer will show up in any files. | |
14714 | @code{gnus-article-decode-encoded-words} is one likely function to add | |
14715 | to this hook. | |
14716 | ||
14717 | @vindex nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook | |
14718 | @vindex nnmail-post-get-new-mail-hook | |
14719 | @item nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook | |
14720 | @itemx nnmail-post-get-new-mail-hook | |
14721 | These are two useful hooks executed when treating new incoming | |
14722 | mail---@code{nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook} (is called just before | |
14723 | starting to handle the new mail) and | |
14724 | @code{nnmail-post-get-new-mail-hook} (is called when the mail handling | |
14725 | is done). Here's and example of using these two hooks to change the | |
14726 | default file modes the new mail files get: | |
14727 | ||
14728 | @lisp | |
14729 | (add-hook 'nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook | |
14730 | (lambda () (set-default-file-modes 511))) | |
14731 | ||
14732 | (add-hook 'nnmail-post-get-new-mail-hook | |
14733 | (lambda () (set-default-file-modes 551))) | |
14734 | @end lisp | |
14735 | ||
14736 | @item nnmail-use-long-file-names | |
14737 | @vindex nnmail-use-long-file-names | |
14738 | If non-@code{nil}, the mail back ends will use long file and directory | |
14739 | names. Groups like @samp{mail.misc} will end up in directories | |
14740 | (assuming use of @code{nnml} back end) or files (assuming use of | |
14741 | @code{nnfolder} back end) like @file{mail.misc}. If it is @code{nil}, | |
14742 | the same group will end up in @file{mail/misc}. | |
14743 | ||
14744 | @item nnmail-delete-file-function | |
14745 | @vindex nnmail-delete-file-function | |
14746 | @findex delete-file | |
14747 | Function called to delete files. It is @code{delete-file} by default. | |
14748 | ||
14749 | @item nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids | |
14750 | @vindex nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids | |
14751 | If non-@code{nil}, put the @code{Message-ID}s of articles imported into | |
14752 | the back end (via @code{Gcc}, for instance) into the mail duplication | |
14753 | discovery cache. The default is @code{nil}. | |
14754 | ||
14755 | @item nnmail-cache-ignore-groups | |
14756 | @vindex nnmail-cache-ignore-groups | |
14757 | This can be a regular expression or a list of regular expressions. | |
14758 | Group names that match any of the regular expressions will never be | |
14759 | recorded in the @code{Message-ID} cache. | |
14760 | ||
14761 | This can be useful, for example, when using Fancy Splitting | |
14762 | (@pxref{Fancy Mail Splitting}) together with the function | |
14763 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent}. | |
14764 | ||
14765 | @end table | |
14766 | ||
14767 | ||
14768 | @node Fancy Mail Splitting | |
14769 | @subsection Fancy Mail Splitting | |
14770 | @cindex mail splitting | |
14771 | @cindex fancy mail splitting | |
14772 | ||
14773 | @vindex nnmail-split-fancy | |
14774 | @findex nnmail-split-fancy | |
14775 | If the rather simple, standard method for specifying how to split mail | |
14776 | doesn't allow you to do what you want, you can set | |
14777 | @code{nnmail-split-methods} to @code{nnmail-split-fancy}. Then you can | |
14778 | play with the @code{nnmail-split-fancy} variable. | |
14779 | ||
14780 | Let's look at an example value of this variable first: | |
14781 | ||
14782 | @lisp | |
14783 | ;; @r{Messages from the mailer daemon are not crossposted to any of} | |
14784 | ;; @r{the ordinary groups. Warnings are put in a separate group} | |
14785 | ;; @r{from real errors.} | |
14786 | (| ("from" mail (| ("subject" "warn.*" "mail.warning") | |
14787 | "mail.misc")) | |
14788 | ;; @r{Non-error messages are crossposted to all relevant} | |
14789 | ;; @r{groups, but we don't crosspost between the group for the} | |
14790 | ;; @r{(ding) list and the group for other (ding) related mail.} | |
14791 | (& (| (any "ding@@ifi\\.uio\\.no" "ding.list") | |
14792 | ("subject" "ding" "ding.misc")) | |
14793 | ;; @r{Other mailing lists@dots{}} | |
14794 | (any "procmail@@informatik\\.rwth-aachen\\.de" "procmail.list") | |
14795 | (any "SmartList@@informatik\\.rwth-aachen\\.de" "SmartList.list") | |
14796 | ;; @r{Both lists below have the same suffix, so prevent} | |
14797 | ;; @r{cross-posting to mkpkg.list of messages posted only to} | |
14798 | ;; @r{the bugs- list, but allow cross-posting when the} | |
14799 | ;; @r{message was really cross-posted.} | |
14800 | (any "bugs-mypackage@@somewhere" "mypkg.bugs") | |
14801 | (any "mypackage@@somewhere" - "bugs-mypackage" "mypkg.list") | |
14802 | ;; @r{People@dots{}} | |
14803 | (any "larsi@@ifi\\.uio\\.no" "people.Lars_Magne_Ingebrigtsen")) | |
14804 | ;; @r{Unmatched mail goes to the catch all group.} | |
14805 | "misc.misc") | |
14806 | @end lisp | |
14807 | ||
14808 | This variable has the format of a @dfn{split}. A split is a | |
14809 | (possibly) recursive structure where each split may contain other | |
14810 | splits. Here are the possible split syntaxes: | |
14811 | ||
14812 | @table @code | |
14813 | ||
14814 | @item group | |
14815 | If the split is a string, that will be taken as a group name. Normal | |
14816 | regexp match expansion will be done. See below for examples. | |
14817 | ||
14818 | @c Don't fold this line. | |
14819 | @item (@var{field} @var{value} [- @var{restrict} [@dots{}] ] @var{split} [@var{invert-partial}]) | |
14820 | The split can be a list containing at least three elements. If the | |
14821 | first element @var{field} (a regexp matching a header) contains | |
14822 | @var{value} (also a regexp) then store the message as specified by | |
14823 | @var{split}. | |
14824 | ||
14825 | If @var{restrict} (yet another regexp) matches some string after | |
14826 | @var{field} and before the end of the matched @var{value}, the | |
14827 | @var{split} is ignored. If none of the @var{restrict} clauses match, | |
14828 | @var{split} is processed. | |
14829 | ||
14830 | The last element @var{invert-partial} is optional. If it is | |
14831 | non-@code{nil}, the match-partial-words behavior controlled by the | |
14832 | variable @code{nnmail-split-fancy-match-partial-words} (see below) is | |
14833 | be inverted. (New in Gnus 5.10.7) | |
14834 | ||
14835 | @item (| @var{split} @dots{}) | |
14836 | If the split is a list, and the first element is @code{|} (vertical | |
14837 | bar), then process each @var{split} until one of them matches. A | |
14838 | @var{split} is said to match if it will cause the mail message to be | |
14839 | stored in one or more groups. | |
14840 | ||
14841 | @item (& @var{split} @dots{}) | |
14842 | If the split is a list, and the first element is @code{&}, then | |
14843 | process all @var{split}s in the list. | |
14844 | ||
14845 | @item junk | |
14846 | If the split is the symbol @code{junk}, then don't save (i.e., delete) | |
14847 | this message. Use with extreme caution. | |
14848 | ||
14849 | @item (: @var{function} @var{arg1} @var{arg2} @dots{}) | |
14850 | If the split is a list, and the first element is @samp{:}, then the | |
14851 | second element will be called as a function with @var{args} given as | |
14852 | arguments. The function should return a @var{split}. | |
14853 | ||
14854 | @cindex body split | |
14855 | For instance, the following function could be used to split based on the | |
14856 | body of the messages: | |
14857 | ||
14858 | @lisp | |
14859 | (defun split-on-body () | |
14860 | (save-excursion | |
14861 | (save-restriction | |
14862 | (widen) | |
14863 | (goto-char (point-min)) | |
14864 | (when (re-search-forward "Some.*string" nil t) | |
14865 | "string.group")))) | |
14866 | @end lisp | |
14867 | ||
14868 | The buffer is narrowed to the message in question when @var{function} | |
14869 | is run. That's why @code{(widen)} needs to be called after | |
14870 | @code{save-excursion} and @code{save-restriction} in the example | |
01c52d31 | 14871 | above. Also note that with the nnimap back end, message bodies will |
4009494e GM |
14872 | not be downloaded by default. You need to set |
14873 | @code{nnimap-split-download-body} to @code{t} to do that | |
14874 | (@pxref{Splitting in IMAP}). | |
14875 | ||
14876 | @item (! @var{func} @var{split}) | |
14877 | If the split is a list, and the first element is @code{!}, then | |
14878 | @var{split} will be processed, and @var{func} will be called as a | |
14879 | function with the result of @var{split} as argument. @var{func} | |
14880 | should return a split. | |
14881 | ||
14882 | @item nil | |
14883 | If the split is @code{nil}, it is ignored. | |
14884 | ||
14885 | @end table | |
14886 | ||
14887 | In these splits, @var{field} must match a complete field name. | |
14888 | ||
14889 | Normally, @var{value} in these splits must match a complete @emph{word} | |
14890 | according to the fundamental mode syntax table. In other words, all | |
14891 | @var{value}'s will be implicitly surrounded by @code{\<...\>} markers, | |
14892 | which are word delimiters. Therefore, if you use the following split, | |
14893 | for example, | |
14894 | ||
14895 | @example | |
14896 | (any "joe" "joemail") | |
14897 | @end example | |
14898 | ||
14899 | @noindent | |
14900 | messages sent from @samp{joedavis@@foo.org} will normally not be filed | |
14901 | in @samp{joemail}. If you want to alter this behavior, you can use any | |
14902 | of the following three ways: | |
14903 | ||
14904 | @enumerate | |
14905 | @item | |
14906 | @vindex nnmail-split-fancy-match-partial-words | |
14907 | You can set the @code{nnmail-split-fancy-match-partial-words} variable | |
14908 | to non-@code{nil} in order to ignore word boundaries and instead the | |
14909 | match becomes more like a grep. This variable controls whether partial | |
14910 | words are matched during fancy splitting. The default value is | |
14911 | @code{nil}. | |
14912 | ||
14913 | Note that it influences all @var{value}'s in your split rules. | |
14914 | ||
14915 | @item | |
14916 | @var{value} beginning with @code{.*} ignores word boundaries in front of | |
14917 | a word. Similarly, if @var{value} ends with @code{.*}, word boundaries | |
14918 | in the rear of a word will be ignored. For example, the @var{value} | |
14919 | @code{"@@example\\.com"} does not match @samp{foo@@example.com} but | |
14920 | @code{".*@@example\\.com"} does. | |
14921 | ||
14922 | @item | |
14923 | You can set the @var{invert-partial} flag in your split rules of the | |
14924 | @samp{(@var{field} @var{value} @dots{})} types, aforementioned in this | |
14925 | section. If the flag is set, word boundaries on both sides of a word | |
14926 | are ignored even if @code{nnmail-split-fancy-match-partial-words} is | |
14927 | @code{nil}. Contrarily, if the flag is set, word boundaries are not | |
14928 | ignored even if @code{nnmail-split-fancy-match-partial-words} is | |
14929 | non-@code{nil}. (New in Gnus 5.10.7) | |
14930 | @end enumerate | |
14931 | ||
14932 | @vindex nnmail-split-abbrev-alist | |
14933 | @var{field} and @var{value} can also be Lisp symbols, in that case | |
14934 | they are expanded as specified by the variable | |
14935 | @code{nnmail-split-abbrev-alist}. This is an alist of cons cells, | |
14936 | where the @sc{car} of a cell contains the key, and the @sc{cdr} | |
14937 | contains the associated value. Predefined entries in | |
14938 | @code{nnmail-split-abbrev-alist} include: | |
14939 | ||
14940 | @table @code | |
14941 | @item from | |
14942 | Matches the @samp{From}, @samp{Sender} and @samp{Resent-From} fields. | |
14943 | @item to | |
14944 | Matches the @samp{To}, @samp{Cc}, @samp{Apparently-To}, | |
14945 | @samp{Resent-To} and @samp{Resent-Cc} fields. | |
14946 | @item any | |
14947 | Is the union of the @code{from} and @code{to} entries. | |
14948 | @end table | |
14949 | ||
14950 | @vindex nnmail-split-fancy-syntax-table | |
14951 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy-syntax-table} is the syntax table in effect | |
14952 | when all this splitting is performed. | |
14953 | ||
14954 | If you want to have Gnus create groups dynamically based on some | |
14955 | information in the headers (i.e., do @code{replace-match}-like | |
14956 | substitutions in the group names), you can say things like: | |
14957 | ||
14958 | @example | |
14959 | (any "debian-\\b\\(\\w+\\)@@lists.debian.org" "mail.debian.\\1") | |
14960 | @end example | |
14961 | ||
14962 | In this example, messages sent to @samp{debian-foo@@lists.debian.org} | |
14963 | will be filed in @samp{mail.debian.foo}. | |
14964 | ||
14965 | If the string contains the element @samp{\&}, then the previously | |
14966 | matched string will be substituted. Similarly, the elements @samp{\\1} | |
14967 | up to @samp{\\9} will be substituted with the text matched by the | |
14968 | groupings 1 through 9. | |
14969 | ||
14970 | @vindex nnmail-split-lowercase-expanded | |
14971 | Where @code{nnmail-split-lowercase-expanded} controls whether the | |
14972 | lowercase of the matched string should be used for the substitution. | |
14973 | Setting it as non-@code{nil} is useful to avoid the creation of multiple | |
14974 | groups when users send to an address using different case | |
14975 | (i.e. mailing-list@@domain vs Mailing-List@@Domain). The default value | |
14976 | is @code{t}. | |
14977 | ||
14978 | @findex nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent | |
14979 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent} is a function which allows you to | |
14980 | split followups into the same groups their parents are in. Sometimes | |
14981 | you can't make splitting rules for all your mail. For example, your | |
14982 | boss might send you personal mail regarding different projects you are | |
14983 | working on, and as you can't tell your boss to put a distinguishing | |
14984 | string into the subject line, you have to resort to manually moving the | |
14985 | messages into the right group. With this function, you only have to do | |
14986 | it once per thread. | |
14987 | ||
14988 | To use this feature, you have to set @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates} | |
14989 | and @code{nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids} to a non-@code{nil} | |
14990 | value. And then you can include @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent} | |
14991 | using the colon feature, like so: | |
14992 | @lisp | |
14993 | (setq nnmail-treat-duplicates 'warn ; @r{or @code{delete}} | |
14994 | nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids t | |
14995 | nnmail-split-fancy | |
14996 | '(| (: nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent) | |
14997 | ;; @r{other splits go here} | |
14998 | )) | |
14999 | @end lisp | |
15000 | ||
15001 | This feature works as follows: when @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates} is | |
15002 | non-@code{nil}, Gnus records the message id of every message it sees | |
15003 | in the file specified by the variable | |
15004 | @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file}, together with the group it is in | |
15005 | (the group is omitted for non-mail messages). When mail splitting is | |
15006 | invoked, the function @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent} then looks | |
15007 | at the References (and In-Reply-To) header of each message to split | |
15008 | and searches the file specified by @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file} | |
15009 | for the message ids. When it has found a parent, it returns the | |
15010 | corresponding group name unless the group name matches the regexp | |
15011 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent-ignore-groups}. It is | |
15012 | recommended that you set @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-length} to a | |
15013 | somewhat higher number than the default so that the message ids are | |
15014 | still in the cache. (A value of 5000 appears to create a file some | |
15015 | 300 kBytes in size.) | |
15016 | @vindex nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids | |
15017 | When @code{nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus | |
15018 | also records the message ids of moved articles, so that the followup | |
15019 | messages goes into the new group. | |
15020 | ||
15021 | Also see the variable @code{nnmail-cache-ignore-groups} if you don't | |
15022 | want certain groups to be recorded in the cache. For example, if all | |
15023 | outgoing messages are written to an ``outgoing'' group, you could set | |
15024 | @code{nnmail-cache-ignore-groups} to match that group name. | |
15025 | Otherwise, answers to all your messages would end up in the | |
15026 | ``outgoing'' group. | |
15027 | ||
15028 | ||
15029 | @node Group Mail Splitting | |
15030 | @subsection Group Mail Splitting | |
15031 | @cindex mail splitting | |
15032 | @cindex group mail splitting | |
15033 | ||
15034 | @findex gnus-group-split | |
15035 | If you subscribe to dozens of mailing lists but you don't want to | |
15036 | maintain mail splitting rules manually, group mail splitting is for you. | |
15037 | You just have to set @code{to-list} and/or @code{to-address} in group | |
15038 | parameters or group customization and set @code{nnmail-split-methods} to | |
15039 | @code{gnus-group-split}. This splitting function will scan all groups | |
15040 | for those parameters and split mail accordingly, i.e., messages posted | |
15041 | from or to the addresses specified in the parameters @code{to-list} or | |
15042 | @code{to-address} of a mail group will be stored in that group. | |
15043 | ||
15044 | Sometimes, mailing lists have multiple addresses, and you may want mail | |
15045 | splitting to recognize them all: just set the @code{extra-aliases} group | |
15046 | parameter to the list of additional addresses and it's done. If you'd | |
15047 | rather use a regular expression, set @code{split-regexp}. | |
15048 | ||
15049 | All these parameters in a group will be used to create an | |
15050 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy} split, in which the @var{field} is @samp{any}, | |
15051 | the @var{value} is a single regular expression that matches | |
15052 | @code{to-list}, @code{to-address}, all of @code{extra-aliases} and all | |
15053 | matches of @code{split-regexp}, and the @var{split} is the name of the | |
15054 | group. @var{restrict}s are also supported: just set the | |
15055 | @code{split-exclude} parameter to a list of regular expressions. | |
15056 | ||
15057 | If you can't get the right split to be generated using all these | |
15058 | parameters, or you just need something fancier, you can set the | |
15059 | parameter @code{split-spec} to an @code{nnmail-split-fancy} split. In | |
15060 | this case, all other aforementioned parameters will be ignored by | |
15061 | @code{gnus-group-split}. In particular, @code{split-spec} may be set to | |
15062 | @code{nil}, in which case the group will be ignored by | |
15063 | @code{gnus-group-split}. | |
15064 | ||
15065 | @vindex gnus-group-split-default-catch-all-group | |
15066 | @code{gnus-group-split} will do cross-posting on all groups that match, | |
15067 | by defining a single @code{&} fancy split containing one split for each | |
15068 | group. If a message doesn't match any split, it will be stored in the | |
15069 | group named in @code{gnus-group-split-default-catch-all-group}, unless | |
15070 | some group has @code{split-spec} set to @code{catch-all}, in which case | |
15071 | that group is used as the catch-all group. Even though this variable is | |
15072 | often used just to name a group, it may also be set to an arbitrarily | |
15073 | complex fancy split (after all, a group name is a fancy split), and this | |
15074 | may be useful to split mail that doesn't go to any mailing list to | |
15075 | personal mail folders. Note that this fancy split is added as the last | |
15076 | element of a @code{|} split list that also contains a @code{&} split | |
15077 | with the rules extracted from group parameters. | |
15078 | ||
15079 | It's time for an example. Assume the following group parameters have | |
15080 | been defined: | |
15081 | ||
15082 | @example | |
15083 | nnml:mail.bar: | |
15084 | ((to-address . "bar@@femail.com") | |
15085 | (split-regexp . ".*@@femail\\.com")) | |
15086 | nnml:mail.foo: | |
15087 | ((to-list . "foo@@nowhere.gov") | |
15088 | (extra-aliases "foo@@localhost" "foo-redist@@home") | |
15089 | (split-exclude "bugs-foo" "rambling-foo") | |
15090 | (admin-address . "foo-request@@nowhere.gov")) | |
15091 | nnml:mail.others: | |
15092 | ((split-spec . catch-all)) | |
15093 | @end example | |
15094 | ||
15095 | Setting @code{nnmail-split-methods} to @code{gnus-group-split} will | |
15096 | behave as if @code{nnmail-split-fancy} had been selected and variable | |
15097 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy} had been set as follows: | |
15098 | ||
15099 | @lisp | |
15100 | (| (& (any "\\(bar@@femail\\.com\\|.*@@femail\\.com\\)" "mail.bar") | |
15101 | (any "\\(foo@@nowhere\\.gov\\|foo@@localhost\\|foo-redist@@home\\)" | |
15102 | - "bugs-foo" - "rambling-foo" "mail.foo")) | |
15103 | "mail.others") | |
15104 | @end lisp | |
15105 | ||
15106 | @findex gnus-group-split-fancy | |
15107 | If you'd rather not use group splitting for all your mail groups, you | |
15108 | may use it for only some of them, by using @code{nnmail-split-fancy} | |
15109 | splits like this: | |
15110 | ||
15111 | @lisp | |
15112 | (: gnus-group-split-fancy @var{groups} @var{no-crosspost} @var{catch-all}) | |
15113 | @end lisp | |
15114 | ||
15115 | @var{groups} may be a regular expression or a list of group names whose | |
15116 | parameters will be scanned to generate the output split. | |
15117 | @var{no-crosspost} can be used to disable cross-posting; in this case, a | |
15118 | single @code{|} split will be output. @var{catch-all} is the fall back | |
15119 | fancy split, used like @code{gnus-group-split-default-catch-all-group}. | |
15120 | If @var{catch-all} is @code{nil}, or if @code{split-regexp} matches the | |
15121 | empty string in any selected group, no catch-all split will be issued. | |
15122 | Otherwise, if some group has @code{split-spec} set to @code{catch-all}, | |
15123 | this group will override the value of the @var{catch-all} argument. | |
15124 | ||
15125 | @findex gnus-group-split-setup | |
15126 | Unfortunately, scanning all groups and their parameters can be quite | |
15127 | slow, especially considering that it has to be done for every message. | |
15128 | But don't despair! The function @code{gnus-group-split-setup} can be | |
15129 | used to enable @code{gnus-group-split} in a much more efficient way. It | |
15130 | sets @code{nnmail-split-methods} to @code{nnmail-split-fancy} and sets | |
15131 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy} to the split produced by | |
15132 | @code{gnus-group-split-fancy}. Thus, the group parameters are only | |
15133 | scanned once, no matter how many messages are split. | |
15134 | ||
15135 | @findex gnus-group-split-update | |
15136 | However, if you change group parameters, you'd have to update | |
15137 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy} manually. You can do it by running | |
15138 | @code{gnus-group-split-update}. If you'd rather have it updated | |
15139 | automatically, just tell @code{gnus-group-split-setup} to do it for | |
15140 | you. For example, add to your @file{~/.gnus.el}: | |
15141 | ||
15142 | @lisp | |
15143 | (gnus-group-split-setup @var{auto-update} @var{catch-all}) | |
15144 | @end lisp | |
15145 | ||
15146 | If @var{auto-update} is non-@code{nil}, @code{gnus-group-split-update} | |
15147 | will be added to @code{nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook}, so you won't ever | |
15148 | have to worry about updating @code{nnmail-split-fancy} again. If you | |
15149 | don't omit @var{catch-all} (it's optional, equivalent to @code{nil}), | |
15150 | @code{gnus-group-split-default-catch-all-group} will be set to its | |
15151 | value. | |
15152 | ||
15153 | @vindex gnus-group-split-updated-hook | |
15154 | Because you may want to change @code{nnmail-split-fancy} after it is set | |
15155 | by @code{gnus-group-split-update}, this function will run | |
15156 | @code{gnus-group-split-updated-hook} just before finishing. | |
15157 | ||
15158 | @node Incorporating Old Mail | |
15159 | @subsection Incorporating Old Mail | |
15160 | @cindex incorporating old mail | |
15161 | @cindex import old mail | |
15162 | ||
15163 | Most people have lots of old mail stored in various file formats. If | |
15164 | you have set up Gnus to read mail using one of the spiffy Gnus mail | |
15165 | back ends, you'll probably wish to have that old mail incorporated into | |
15166 | your mail groups. | |
15167 | ||
15168 | Doing so can be quite easy. | |
15169 | ||
15170 | To take an example: You're reading mail using @code{nnml} | |
15171 | (@pxref{Mail Spool}), and have set @code{nnmail-split-methods} to a | |
15172 | satisfactory value (@pxref{Splitting Mail}). You have an old Unix mbox | |
15173 | file filled with important, but old, mail. You want to move it into | |
15174 | your @code{nnml} groups. | |
15175 | ||
15176 | Here's how: | |
15177 | ||
15178 | @enumerate | |
15179 | @item | |
15180 | Go to the group buffer. | |
15181 | ||
15182 | @item | |
15183 | Type @kbd{G f} and give the file name to the mbox file when prompted to create an | |
15184 | @code{nndoc} group from the mbox file (@pxref{Foreign Groups}). | |
15185 | ||
15186 | @item | |
15187 | Type @kbd{SPACE} to enter the newly created group. | |
15188 | ||
15189 | @item | |
15190 | Type @kbd{M P b} to process-mark all articles in this group's buffer | |
15191 | (@pxref{Setting Process Marks}). | |
15192 | ||
15193 | @item | |
15194 | Type @kbd{B r} to respool all the process-marked articles, and answer | |
15195 | @samp{nnml} when prompted (@pxref{Mail Group Commands}). | |
15196 | @end enumerate | |
15197 | ||
15198 | All the mail messages in the mbox file will now also be spread out over | |
15199 | all your @code{nnml} groups. Try entering them and check whether things | |
15200 | have gone without a glitch. If things look ok, you may consider | |
15201 | deleting the mbox file, but I wouldn't do that unless I was absolutely | |
15202 | sure that all the mail has ended up where it should be. | |
15203 | ||
15204 | Respooling is also a handy thing to do if you're switching from one mail | |
15205 | back end to another. Just respool all the mail in the old mail groups | |
15206 | using the new mail back end. | |
15207 | ||
15208 | ||
15209 | @node Expiring Mail | |
15210 | @subsection Expiring Mail | |
15211 | @cindex article expiry | |
15212 | @cindex expiring mail | |
15213 | ||
15214 | Traditional mail readers have a tendency to remove mail articles when | |
15215 | you mark them as read, in some way. Gnus takes a fundamentally | |
15216 | different approach to mail reading. | |
15217 | ||
15218 | Gnus basically considers mail just to be news that has been received in | |
15219 | a rather peculiar manner. It does not think that it has the power to | |
15220 | actually change the mail, or delete any mail messages. If you enter a | |
15221 | mail group, and mark articles as ``read'', or kill them in some other | |
15222 | fashion, the mail articles will still exist on the system. I repeat: | |
15223 | Gnus will not delete your old, read mail. Unless you ask it to, of | |
15224 | course. | |
15225 | ||
15226 | To make Gnus get rid of your unwanted mail, you have to mark the | |
15227 | articles as @dfn{expirable}. (With the default key bindings, this means | |
15228 | that you have to type @kbd{E}.) This does not mean that the articles | |
15229 | will disappear right away, however. In general, a mail article will be | |
15230 | deleted from your system if, 1) it is marked as expirable, AND 2) it is | |
15231 | more than one week old. If you do not mark an article as expirable, it | |
15232 | will remain on your system until hell freezes over. This bears | |
15233 | repeating one more time, with some spurious capitalizations: IF you do | |
15234 | NOT mark articles as EXPIRABLE, Gnus will NEVER delete those ARTICLES. | |
15235 | ||
15236 | You do not have to mark articles as expirable by hand. Gnus provides | |
15237 | two features, called ``auto-expire'' and ``total-expire'', that can help you | |
15238 | with this. In a nutshell, ``auto-expire'' means that Gnus hits @kbd{E} | |
15239 | for you when you select an article. And ``total-expire'' means that Gnus | |
15240 | considers all articles as expirable that are read. So, in addition to | |
15241 | the articles marked @samp{E}, also the articles marked @samp{r}, | |
15242 | @samp{R}, @samp{O}, @samp{K}, @samp{Y} and so on are considered | |
15243 | expirable. | |
15244 | ||
15245 | When should either auto-expire or total-expire be used? Most people | |
15246 | who are subscribed to mailing lists split each list into its own group | |
15247 | and then turn on auto-expire or total-expire for those groups. | |
15248 | (@xref{Splitting Mail}, for more information on splitting each list | |
15249 | into its own group.) | |
15250 | ||
15251 | Which one is better, auto-expire or total-expire? It's not easy to | |
15252 | answer. Generally speaking, auto-expire is probably faster. Another | |
15253 | advantage of auto-expire is that you get more marks to work with: for | |
15254 | the articles that are supposed to stick around, you can still choose | |
15255 | between tick and dormant and read marks. But with total-expire, you | |
15256 | only have dormant and ticked to choose from. The advantage of | |
15257 | total-expire is that it works well with adaptive scoring (@pxref{Adaptive | |
15258 | Scoring}). Auto-expire works with normal scoring but not with adaptive | |
15259 | scoring. | |
15260 | ||
15261 | @vindex gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups | |
15262 | Groups that match the regular expression | |
15263 | @code{gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups} will have all articles that you | |
15264 | read marked as expirable automatically. All articles marked as | |
15265 | expirable have an @samp{E} in the first column in the summary buffer. | |
15266 | ||
15267 | By default, if you have auto expiry switched on, Gnus will mark all the | |
15268 | articles you read as expirable, no matter if they were read or unread | |
15269 | before. To avoid having articles marked as read marked as expirable | |
15270 | automatically, you can put something like the following in your | |
15271 | @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
15272 | ||
15273 | @vindex gnus-mark-article-hook | |
15274 | @lisp | |
15275 | (remove-hook 'gnus-mark-article-hook | |
15276 | 'gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read) | |
15277 | (add-hook 'gnus-mark-article-hook 'gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read) | |
15278 | @end lisp | |
15279 | ||
15280 | Note that making a group auto-expirable doesn't mean that all read | |
15281 | articles are expired---only the articles marked as expirable | |
15282 | will be expired. Also note that using the @kbd{d} command won't make | |
15283 | articles expirable---only semi-automatic marking of articles as read will | |
15284 | mark the articles as expirable in auto-expirable groups. | |
15285 | ||
15286 | Let's say you subscribe to a couple of mailing lists, and you want the | |
15287 | articles you have read to disappear after a while: | |
15288 | ||
15289 | @lisp | |
15290 | (setq gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups | |
15291 | "mail.nonsense-list\\|mail.nice-list") | |
15292 | @end lisp | |
15293 | ||
15294 | Another way to have auto-expiry happen is to have the element | |
15295 | @code{auto-expire} in the group parameters of the group. | |
15296 | ||
15297 | If you use adaptive scoring (@pxref{Adaptive Scoring}) and | |
15298 | auto-expiring, you'll have problems. Auto-expiring and adaptive scoring | |
15299 | don't really mix very well. | |
15300 | ||
15301 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-wait | |
15302 | The @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} variable supplies the default time an | |
15303 | expirable article has to live. Gnus starts counting days from when the | |
15304 | message @emph{arrived}, not from when it was sent. The default is seven | |
15305 | days. | |
15306 | ||
15307 | Gnus also supplies a function that lets you fine-tune how long articles | |
15308 | are to live, based on what group they are in. Let's say you want to | |
15309 | have one month expiry period in the @samp{mail.private} group, a one day | |
15310 | expiry period in the @samp{mail.junk} group, and a six day expiry period | |
15311 | everywhere else: | |
15312 | ||
15313 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-wait-function | |
15314 | @lisp | |
15315 | (setq nnmail-expiry-wait-function | |
15316 | (lambda (group) | |
15317 | (cond ((string= group "mail.private") | |
15318 | 31) | |
15319 | ((string= group "mail.junk") | |
15320 | 1) | |
15321 | ((string= group "important") | |
15322 | 'never) | |
15323 | (t | |
15324 | 6)))) | |
15325 | @end lisp | |
15326 | ||
15327 | The group names this function is fed are ``unadorned'' group | |
15328 | names---no @samp{nnml:} prefixes and the like. | |
15329 | ||
15330 | The @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} variable and | |
15331 | @code{nnmail-expiry-wait-function} function can either be a number (not | |
15332 | necessarily an integer) or one of the symbols @code{immediate} or | |
15333 | @code{never}. | |
15334 | ||
15335 | You can also use the @code{expiry-wait} group parameter to selectively | |
15336 | change the expiry period (@pxref{Group Parameters}). | |
15337 | ||
15338 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-target | |
15339 | The normal action taken when expiring articles is to delete them. | |
15340 | However, in some circumstances it might make more sense to move them | |
15341 | to other groups instead of deleting them. The variable | |
15342 | @code{nnmail-expiry-target} (and the @code{expiry-target} group | |
15343 | parameter) controls this. The variable supplies a default value for | |
15344 | all groups, which can be overridden for specific groups by the group | |
15345 | parameter. default value is @code{delete}, but this can also be a | |
15346 | string (which should be the name of the group the message should be | |
15347 | moved to), or a function (which will be called in a buffer narrowed to | |
15348 | the message in question, and with the name of the group being moved | |
15349 | from as its parameter) which should return a target---either a group | |
15350 | name or @code{delete}. | |
15351 | ||
15352 | Here's an example for specifying a group name: | |
15353 | @lisp | |
15354 | (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired") | |
15355 | @end lisp | |
15356 | ||
15357 | @findex nnmail-fancy-expiry-target | |
15358 | @vindex nnmail-fancy-expiry-targets | |
15359 | Gnus provides a function @code{nnmail-fancy-expiry-target} which will | |
15360 | expire mail to groups according to the variable | |
15361 | @code{nnmail-fancy-expiry-targets}. Here's an example: | |
15362 | ||
15363 | @lisp | |
15364 | (setq nnmail-expiry-target 'nnmail-fancy-expiry-target | |
15365 | nnmail-fancy-expiry-targets | |
15366 | '((to-from "boss" "nnfolder:Work") | |
15367 | ("subject" "IMPORTANT" "nnfolder:IMPORTANT.%Y.%b") | |
15368 | ("from" ".*" "nnfolder:Archive-%Y"))) | |
15369 | @end lisp | |
15370 | ||
15371 | With this setup, any mail that has @code{IMPORTANT} in its Subject | |
15372 | header and was sent in the year @code{YYYY} and month @code{MMM}, will | |
15373 | get expired to the group @code{nnfolder:IMPORTANT.YYYY.MMM}. If its | |
15374 | From or To header contains the string @code{boss}, it will get expired | |
15375 | to @code{nnfolder:Work}. All other mail will get expired to | |
15376 | @code{nnfolder:Archive-YYYY}. | |
15377 | ||
15378 | @vindex nnmail-keep-last-article | |
15379 | If @code{nnmail-keep-last-article} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will never | |
15380 | expire the final article in a mail newsgroup. This is to make life | |
15381 | easier for procmail users. | |
15382 | ||
15383 | @vindex gnus-total-expirable-newsgroups | |
15384 | By the way: That line up there, about Gnus never expiring non-expirable | |
15385 | articles, is a lie. If you put @code{total-expire} in the group | |
15386 | parameters, articles will not be marked as expirable, but all read | |
15387 | articles will be put through the expiry process. Use with extreme | |
15388 | caution. Even more dangerous is the | |
15389 | @code{gnus-total-expirable-newsgroups} variable. All groups that match | |
15390 | this regexp will have all read articles put through the expiry process, | |
15391 | which means that @emph{all} old mail articles in the groups in question | |
15392 | will be deleted after a while. Use with extreme caution, and don't come | |
15393 | crying to me when you discover that the regexp you used matched the | |
15394 | wrong group and all your important mail has disappeared. Be a | |
15395 | @emph{man}! Or a @emph{woman}! Whatever you feel more comfortable | |
15396 | with! So there! | |
15397 | ||
15398 | Most people make most of their mail groups total-expirable, though. | |
15399 | ||
15400 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-user-auto-expire | |
15401 | If @code{gnus-inhibit-user-auto-expire} is non-@code{nil}, user marking | |
15402 | commands will not mark an article as expirable, even if the group has | |
15403 | auto-expire turned on. | |
15404 | ||
15405 | ||
15406 | @node Washing Mail | |
15407 | @subsection Washing Mail | |
15408 | @cindex mail washing | |
15409 | @cindex list server brain damage | |
15410 | @cindex incoming mail treatment | |
15411 | ||
15412 | Mailers and list servers are notorious for doing all sorts of really, | |
15413 | really stupid things with mail. ``Hey, RFC 822 doesn't explicitly | |
15414 | prohibit us from adding the string @code{wE aRe ElItE!!!!!1!!} to the | |
15415 | end of all lines passing through our server, so let's do that!!!!1!'' | |
15416 | Yes, but RFC 822 wasn't designed to be read by morons. Things that were | |
15417 | considered to be self-evident were not discussed. So. Here we are. | |
15418 | ||
15419 | Case in point: The German version of Microsoft Exchange adds @samp{AW: | |
15420 | } to the subjects of replies instead of @samp{Re: }. I could pretend to | |
15421 | be shocked and dismayed by this, but I haven't got the energy. It is to | |
15422 | laugh. | |
15423 | ||
15424 | Gnus provides a plethora of functions for washing articles while | |
15425 | displaying them, but it might be nicer to do the filtering before | |
15426 | storing the mail to disk. For that purpose, we have three hooks and | |
15427 | various functions that can be put in these hooks. | |
15428 | ||
15429 | @table @code | |
15430 | @item nnmail-prepare-incoming-hook | |
15431 | @vindex nnmail-prepare-incoming-hook | |
15432 | This hook is called before doing anything with the mail and is meant for | |
15433 | grand, sweeping gestures. It is called in a buffer that contains all | |
15434 | the new, incoming mail. Functions to be used include: | |
15435 | ||
15436 | @table @code | |
15437 | @item nnheader-ms-strip-cr | |
15438 | @findex nnheader-ms-strip-cr | |
15439 | Remove trailing carriage returns from each line. This is default on | |
15440 | Emacs running on MS machines. | |
15441 | ||
15442 | @end table | |
15443 | ||
15444 | @item nnmail-prepare-incoming-header-hook | |
15445 | @vindex nnmail-prepare-incoming-header-hook | |
15446 | This hook is called narrowed to each header. It can be used when | |
15447 | cleaning up the headers. Functions that can be used include: | |
15448 | ||
15449 | @table @code | |
15450 | @item nnmail-remove-leading-whitespace | |
15451 | @findex nnmail-remove-leading-whitespace | |
15452 | Clear leading white space that ``helpful'' listservs have added to the | |
15453 | headers to make them look nice. Aaah. | |
15454 | ||
15455 | (Note that this function works on both the header on the body of all | |
15456 | messages, so it is a potentially dangerous function to use (if a body | |
15457 | of a message contains something that looks like a header line). So | |
15458 | rather than fix the bug, it is of course the right solution to make it | |
15459 | into a feature by documenting it.) | |
15460 | ||
15461 | @item nnmail-remove-list-identifiers | |
15462 | @findex nnmail-remove-list-identifiers | |
15463 | Some list servers add an identifier---for example, @samp{(idm)}---to the | |
15464 | beginning of all @code{Subject} headers. I'm sure that's nice for | |
15465 | people who use stone age mail readers. This function will remove | |
15466 | strings that match the @code{nnmail-list-identifiers} regexp, which can | |
15467 | also be a list of regexp. @code{nnmail-list-identifiers} may not contain | |
15468 | @code{\\(..\\)}. | |
15469 | ||
15470 | For instance, if you want to remove the @samp{(idm)} and the | |
15471 | @samp{nagnagnag} identifiers: | |
15472 | ||
15473 | @lisp | |
15474 | (setq nnmail-list-identifiers | |
15475 | '("(idm)" "nagnagnag")) | |
15476 | @end lisp | |
15477 | ||
15478 | This can also be done non-destructively with | |
15479 | @code{gnus-list-identifiers}, @xref{Article Hiding}. | |
15480 | ||
15481 | @item nnmail-remove-tabs | |
15482 | @findex nnmail-remove-tabs | |
15483 | Translate all @samp{TAB} characters into @samp{SPACE} characters. | |
15484 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
15485 | @item nnmail-ignore-broken-references |
15486 | @findex nnmail-ignore-broken-references | |
15487 | @c @findex nnmail-fix-eudora-headers | |
4009494e | 15488 | @cindex Eudora |
01c52d31 MB |
15489 | @cindex Pegasus |
15490 | Some mail user agents (e.g. Eudora and Pegasus) produce broken | |
15491 | @code{References} headers, but correct @code{In-Reply-To} headers. This | |
15492 | function will get rid of the @code{References} header if the headers | |
15493 | contain a line matching the regular expression | |
15494 | @code{nnmail-broken-references-mailers}. | |
4009494e GM |
15495 | |
15496 | @end table | |
15497 | ||
15498 | @item nnmail-prepare-incoming-message-hook | |
15499 | @vindex nnmail-prepare-incoming-message-hook | |
15500 | This hook is called narrowed to each message. Functions to be used | |
15501 | include: | |
15502 | ||
15503 | @table @code | |
15504 | @item article-de-quoted-unreadable | |
15505 | @findex article-de-quoted-unreadable | |
15506 | Decode Quoted Readable encoding. | |
15507 | ||
15508 | @end table | |
15509 | @end table | |
15510 | ||
15511 | ||
15512 | @node Duplicates | |
15513 | @subsection Duplicates | |
15514 | ||
15515 | @vindex nnmail-treat-duplicates | |
15516 | @vindex nnmail-message-id-cache-length | |
15517 | @vindex nnmail-message-id-cache-file | |
15518 | @cindex duplicate mails | |
15519 | If you are a member of a couple of mailing lists, you will sometimes | |
15520 | receive two copies of the same mail. This can be quite annoying, so | |
15521 | @code{nnmail} checks for and treats any duplicates it might find. To do | |
15522 | this, it keeps a cache of old @code{Message-ID}s--- | |
15523 | @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file}, which is @file{~/.nnmail-cache} by | |
15524 | default. The approximate maximum number of @code{Message-ID}s stored | |
15525 | there is controlled by the @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-length} | |
15526 | variable, which is 1000 by default. (So 1000 @code{Message-ID}s will be | |
15527 | stored.) If all this sounds scary to you, you can set | |
15528 | @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates} to @code{warn} (which is what it is by | |
15529 | default), and @code{nnmail} won't delete duplicate mails. Instead it | |
15530 | will insert a warning into the head of the mail saying that it thinks | |
15531 | that this is a duplicate of a different message. | |
15532 | ||
15533 | This variable can also be a function. If that's the case, the function | |
15534 | will be called from a buffer narrowed to the message in question with | |
15535 | the @code{Message-ID} as a parameter. The function must return either | |
15536 | @code{nil}, @code{warn}, or @code{delete}. | |
15537 | ||
15538 | You can turn this feature off completely by setting the variable to | |
15539 | @code{nil}. | |
15540 | ||
15541 | If you want all the duplicate mails to be put into a special | |
15542 | @dfn{duplicates} group, you could do that using the normal mail split | |
15543 | methods: | |
15544 | ||
15545 | @lisp | |
15546 | (setq nnmail-split-fancy | |
15547 | '(| ;; @r{Messages duplicates go to a separate group.} | |
15548 | ("gnus-warning" "duplicat\\(e\\|ion\\) of message" "duplicate") | |
15549 | ;; @r{Message from daemons, postmaster, and the like to another.} | |
15550 | (any mail "mail.misc") | |
15551 | ;; @r{Other rules.} | |
15552 | [...] )) | |
15553 | @end lisp | |
15554 | @noindent | |
15555 | Or something like: | |
15556 | @lisp | |
15557 | (setq nnmail-split-methods | |
15558 | '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate") | |
15559 | ;; @r{Other rules.} | |
15560 | [...])) | |
15561 | @end lisp | |
15562 | ||
15563 | Here's a neat feature: If you know that the recipient reads her mail | |
15564 | with Gnus, and that she has @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates} set to | |
15565 | @code{delete}, you can send her as many insults as you like, just by | |
15566 | using a @code{Message-ID} of a mail that you know that she's already | |
15567 | received. Think of all the fun! She'll never see any of it! Whee! | |
15568 | ||
15569 | ||
15570 | @node Not Reading Mail | |
15571 | @subsection Not Reading Mail | |
15572 | ||
15573 | If you start using any of the mail back ends, they have the annoying | |
15574 | habit of assuming that you want to read mail with them. This might not | |
15575 | be unreasonable, but it might not be what you want. | |
15576 | ||
15577 | If you set @code{mail-sources} and @code{nnmail-spool-file} to | |
15578 | @code{nil}, none of the back ends will ever attempt to read incoming | |
15579 | mail, which should help. | |
15580 | ||
15581 | @vindex nnbabyl-get-new-mail | |
15582 | @vindex nnmbox-get-new-mail | |
15583 | @vindex nnml-get-new-mail | |
15584 | @vindex nnmh-get-new-mail | |
15585 | @vindex nnfolder-get-new-mail | |
15586 | This might be too much, if, for instance, you are reading mail quite | |
15587 | happily with @code{nnml} and just want to peek at some old Rmail | |
15588 | file you have stashed away with @code{nnbabyl}. All back ends have | |
15589 | variables called back-end-@code{get-new-mail}. If you want to disable | |
15590 | the @code{nnbabyl} mail reading, you edit the virtual server for the | |
15591 | group to have a setting where @code{nnbabyl-get-new-mail} to @code{nil}. | |
15592 | ||
15593 | All the mail back ends will call @code{nn}*@code{-prepare-save-mail-hook} | |
15594 | narrowed to the article to be saved before saving it when reading | |
15595 | incoming mail. | |
15596 | ||
15597 | ||
15598 | @node Choosing a Mail Back End | |
15599 | @subsection Choosing a Mail Back End | |
15600 | ||
15601 | Gnus will read the mail spool when you activate a mail group. The mail | |
15602 | file is first copied to your home directory. What happens after that | |
15603 | depends on what format you want to store your mail in. | |
15604 | ||
15605 | There are six different mail back ends in the standard Gnus, and more | |
15606 | back ends are available separately. The mail back end most people use | |
15607 | (because it is possibly the fastest) is @code{nnml} (@pxref{Mail | |
15608 | Spool}). | |
15609 | ||
15610 | @menu | |
15611 | * Unix Mail Box:: Using the (quite) standard Un*x mbox. | |
15612 | * Rmail Babyl:: Emacs programs use the Rmail Babyl format. | |
15613 | * Mail Spool:: Store your mail in a private spool? | |
15614 | * MH Spool:: An mhspool-like back end. | |
15615 | * Maildir:: Another one-file-per-message format. | |
15616 | * Mail Folders:: Having one file for each group. | |
15617 | * Comparing Mail Back Ends:: An in-depth looks at pros and cons. | |
15618 | @end menu | |
15619 | ||
15620 | ||
15621 | @node Unix Mail Box | |
15622 | @subsubsection Unix Mail Box | |
15623 | @cindex nnmbox | |
15624 | @cindex unix mail box | |
15625 | ||
15626 | @vindex nnmbox-active-file | |
15627 | @vindex nnmbox-mbox-file | |
15628 | The @dfn{nnmbox} back end will use the standard Un*x mbox file to store | |
15629 | mail. @code{nnmbox} will add extra headers to each mail article to say | |
15630 | which group it belongs in. | |
15631 | ||
15632 | Virtual server settings: | |
15633 | ||
15634 | @table @code | |
15635 | @item nnmbox-mbox-file | |
15636 | @vindex nnmbox-mbox-file | |
15637 | The name of the mail box in the user's home directory. Default is | |
15638 | @file{~/mbox}. | |
15639 | ||
15640 | @item nnmbox-active-file | |
15641 | @vindex nnmbox-active-file | |
15642 | The name of the active file for the mail box. Default is | |
15643 | @file{~/.mbox-active}. | |
15644 | ||
15645 | @item nnmbox-get-new-mail | |
15646 | @vindex nnmbox-get-new-mail | |
15647 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnmbox} will read incoming mail and split it | |
15648 | into groups. Default is @code{t}. | |
15649 | @end table | |
15650 | ||
15651 | ||
15652 | @node Rmail Babyl | |
15653 | @subsubsection Rmail Babyl | |
15654 | @cindex nnbabyl | |
15655 | @cindex Rmail mbox | |
15656 | ||
15657 | @vindex nnbabyl-active-file | |
15658 | @vindex nnbabyl-mbox-file | |
15659 | The @dfn{nnbabyl} back end will use a Babyl mail box (aka. @dfn{Rmail | |
15660 | mbox}) to store mail. @code{nnbabyl} will add extra headers to each | |
15661 | mail article to say which group it belongs in. | |
15662 | ||
15663 | Virtual server settings: | |
15664 | ||
15665 | @table @code | |
15666 | @item nnbabyl-mbox-file | |
15667 | @vindex nnbabyl-mbox-file | |
15668 | The name of the Rmail mbox file. The default is @file{~/RMAIL} | |
15669 | ||
15670 | @item nnbabyl-active-file | |
15671 | @vindex nnbabyl-active-file | |
15672 | The name of the active file for the rmail box. The default is | |
15673 | @file{~/.rmail-active} | |
15674 | ||
15675 | @item nnbabyl-get-new-mail | |
15676 | @vindex nnbabyl-get-new-mail | |
15677 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnbabyl} will read incoming mail. Default is | |
15678 | @code{t} | |
15679 | @end table | |
15680 | ||
15681 | ||
15682 | @node Mail Spool | |
15683 | @subsubsection Mail Spool | |
15684 | @cindex nnml | |
15685 | @cindex mail @acronym{NOV} spool | |
15686 | ||
15687 | The @dfn{nnml} spool mail format isn't compatible with any other known | |
15688 | format. It should be used with some caution. | |
15689 | ||
15690 | @vindex nnml-directory | |
15691 | If you use this back end, Gnus will split all incoming mail into files, | |
15692 | one file for each mail, and put the articles into the corresponding | |
15693 | directories under the directory specified by the @code{nnml-directory} | |
15694 | variable. The default value is @file{~/Mail/}. | |
15695 | ||
15696 | You do not have to create any directories beforehand; Gnus will take | |
15697 | care of all that. | |
15698 | ||
15699 | If you have a strict limit as to how many files you are allowed to store | |
15700 | in your account, you should not use this back end. As each mail gets its | |
15701 | own file, you might very well occupy thousands of inodes within a few | |
15702 | weeks. If this is no problem for you, and it isn't a problem for you | |
15703 | having your friendly systems administrator walking around, madly, | |
15704 | shouting ``Who is eating all my inodes?! Who? Who!?!'', then you should | |
15705 | know that this is probably the fastest format to use. You do not have | |
15706 | to trudge through a big mbox file just to read your new mail. | |
15707 | ||
15708 | @code{nnml} is probably the slowest back end when it comes to article | |
15709 | splitting. It has to create lots of files, and it also generates | |
15710 | @acronym{NOV} databases for the incoming mails. This makes it possibly the | |
15711 | fastest back end when it comes to reading mail. | |
15712 | ||
15713 | @cindex self contained nnml servers | |
15714 | @cindex marks | |
15715 | When the marks file is used (which it is by default), @code{nnml} | |
15716 | servers have the property that you may backup them using @code{tar} or | |
15717 | similar, and later be able to restore them into Gnus (by adding the | |
15718 | proper @code{nnml} server) and have all your marks be preserved. Marks | |
01c52d31 | 15719 | for a group are usually stored in the @code{.marks} file (but see |
4009494e GM |
15720 | @code{nnml-marks-file-name}) within each @code{nnml} group's directory. |
15721 | Individual @code{nnml} groups are also possible to backup, use @kbd{G m} | |
15722 | to restore the group (after restoring the backup into the nnml | |
15723 | directory). | |
15724 | ||
15725 | If for some reason you believe your @file{.marks} files are screwed | |
15726 | up, you can just delete them all. Gnus will then correctly regenerate | |
15727 | them next time it starts. | |
15728 | ||
15729 | Virtual server settings: | |
15730 | ||
15731 | @table @code | |
15732 | @item nnml-directory | |
15733 | @vindex nnml-directory | |
15734 | All @code{nnml} directories will be placed under this directory. The | |
15735 | default is the value of @code{message-directory} (whose default value | |
15736 | is @file{~/Mail}). | |
15737 | ||
15738 | @item nnml-active-file | |
15739 | @vindex nnml-active-file | |
15740 | The active file for the @code{nnml} server. The default is | |
15741 | @file{~/Mail/active}. | |
15742 | ||
15743 | @item nnml-newsgroups-file | |
15744 | @vindex nnml-newsgroups-file | |
15745 | The @code{nnml} group descriptions file. @xref{Newsgroups File | |
15746 | Format}. The default is @file{~/Mail/newsgroups}. | |
15747 | ||
15748 | @item nnml-get-new-mail | |
15749 | @vindex nnml-get-new-mail | |
15750 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnml} will read incoming mail. The default is | |
15751 | @code{t}. | |
15752 | ||
15753 | @item nnml-nov-is-evil | |
15754 | @vindex nnml-nov-is-evil | |
15755 | If non-@code{nil}, this back end will ignore any @acronym{NOV} files. The | |
15756 | default is @code{nil}. | |
15757 | ||
15758 | @item nnml-nov-file-name | |
15759 | @vindex nnml-nov-file-name | |
15760 | The name of the @acronym{NOV} files. The default is @file{.overview}. | |
15761 | ||
15762 | @item nnml-prepare-save-mail-hook | |
15763 | @vindex nnml-prepare-save-mail-hook | |
15764 | Hook run narrowed to an article before saving. | |
15765 | ||
15766 | @item nnml-marks-is-evil | |
15767 | @vindex nnml-marks-is-evil | |
15768 | If non-@code{nil}, this back end will ignore any @sc{marks} files. The | |
15769 | default is @code{nil}. | |
15770 | ||
15771 | @item nnml-marks-file-name | |
15772 | @vindex nnml-marks-file-name | |
15773 | The name of the @dfn{marks} files. The default is @file{.marks}. | |
15774 | ||
15775 | @item nnml-use-compressed-files | |
15776 | @vindex nnml-use-compressed-files | |
15777 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnml} will allow using compressed message | |
01c52d31 MB |
15778 | files. This requires @code{auto-compression-mode} to be enabled |
15779 | (@pxref{Compressed Files, ,Compressed Files, emacs, The Emacs Manual}). | |
15780 | If the value of @code{nnml-use-compressed-files} is a string, it is used | |
15781 | as the file extension specifying the compression program. You can set it | |
15782 | to @samp{.bz2} if your Emacs supports it. A value of @code{t} is | |
15783 | equivalent to @samp{.gz}. | |
15784 | ||
15785 | @item nnml-compressed-files-size-threshold | |
15786 | @vindex nnml-compressed-files-size-threshold | |
15787 | Default size threshold for compressed message files. Message files with | |
15788 | bodies larger than that many characters will be automatically compressed | |
15789 | if @code{nnml-use-compressed-files} is non-@code{nil}. | |
4009494e GM |
15790 | |
15791 | @end table | |
15792 | ||
15793 | @findex nnml-generate-nov-databases | |
15794 | If your @code{nnml} groups and @acronym{NOV} files get totally out of | |
15795 | whack, you can do a complete update by typing @kbd{M-x | |
15796 | nnml-generate-nov-databases}. This command will trawl through the | |
15797 | entire @code{nnml} hierarchy, looking at each and every article, so it | |
15798 | might take a while to complete. A better interface to this | |
15799 | functionality can be found in the server buffer (@pxref{Server | |
15800 | Commands}). | |
15801 | ||
15802 | ||
15803 | @node MH Spool | |
15804 | @subsubsection MH Spool | |
15805 | @cindex nnmh | |
15806 | @cindex mh-e mail spool | |
15807 | ||
15808 | @code{nnmh} is just like @code{nnml}, except that is doesn't generate | |
15809 | @acronym{NOV} databases and it doesn't keep an active file or marks | |
15810 | file. This makes @code{nnmh} a @emph{much} slower back end than | |
15811 | @code{nnml}, but it also makes it easier to write procmail scripts | |
15812 | for. | |
15813 | ||
15814 | Virtual server settings: | |
15815 | ||
15816 | @table @code | |
15817 | @item nnmh-directory | |
15818 | @vindex nnmh-directory | |
15819 | All @code{nnmh} directories will be located under this directory. The | |
15820 | default is the value of @code{message-directory} (whose default is | |
15821 | @file{~/Mail}) | |
15822 | ||
15823 | @item nnmh-get-new-mail | |
15824 | @vindex nnmh-get-new-mail | |
15825 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnmh} will read incoming mail. The default is | |
15826 | @code{t}. | |
15827 | ||
15828 | @item nnmh-be-safe | |
15829 | @vindex nnmh-be-safe | |
15830 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnmh} will go to ridiculous lengths to make | |
15831 | sure that the articles in the folder are actually what Gnus thinks | |
15832 | they are. It will check date stamps and stat everything in sight, so | |
15833 | setting this to @code{t} will mean a serious slow-down. If you never | |
15834 | use anything but Gnus to read the @code{nnmh} articles, you do not | |
15835 | have to set this variable to @code{t}. The default is @code{nil}. | |
15836 | @end table | |
15837 | ||
15838 | ||
15839 | @node Maildir | |
15840 | @subsubsection Maildir | |
15841 | @cindex nnmaildir | |
15842 | @cindex maildir | |
15843 | ||
15844 | @code{nnmaildir} stores mail in the maildir format, with each maildir | |
15845 | corresponding to a group in Gnus. This format is documented here: | |
15846 | @uref{http://cr.yp.to/proto/maildir.html} and here: | |
15847 | @uref{http://www.qmail.org/man/man5/maildir.html}. @code{nnmaildir} | |
15848 | also stores extra information in the @file{.nnmaildir/} directory | |
15849 | within a maildir. | |
15850 | ||
15851 | Maildir format was designed to allow concurrent deliveries and | |
15852 | reading, without needing locks. With other back ends, you would have | |
15853 | your mail delivered to a spool of some kind, and then you would | |
15854 | configure Gnus to split mail from that spool into your groups. You | |
15855 | can still do that with @code{nnmaildir}, but the more common | |
15856 | configuration is to have your mail delivered directly to the maildirs | |
15857 | that appear as group in Gnus. | |
15858 | ||
15859 | @code{nnmaildir} is designed to be perfectly reliable: @kbd{C-g} will | |
15860 | never corrupt its data in memory, and @code{SIGKILL} will never | |
15861 | corrupt its data in the filesystem. | |
15862 | ||
15863 | @code{nnmaildir} stores article marks and @acronym{NOV} data in each | |
15864 | maildir. So you can copy a whole maildir from one Gnus setup to | |
15865 | another, and you will keep your marks. | |
15866 | ||
15867 | Virtual server settings: | |
15868 | ||
15869 | @table @code | |
15870 | @item directory | |
15871 | For each of your @code{nnmaildir} servers (it's very unlikely that | |
15872 | you'd need more than one), you need to create a directory and populate | |
15873 | it with maildirs or symlinks to maildirs (and nothing else; do not | |
15874 | choose a directory already used for other purposes). Each maildir | |
15875 | will be represented in Gnus as a newsgroup on that server; the | |
15876 | filename of the symlink will be the name of the group. Any filenames | |
15877 | in the directory starting with @samp{.} are ignored. The directory is | |
15878 | scanned when you first start Gnus, and each time you type @kbd{g} in | |
15879 | the group buffer; if any maildirs have been removed or added, | |
15880 | @code{nnmaildir} notices at these times. | |
15881 | ||
15882 | The value of the @code{directory} parameter should be a Lisp form | |
15883 | which is processed by @code{eval} and @code{expand-file-name} to get | |
15884 | the path of the directory for this server. The form is @code{eval}ed | |
15885 | only when the server is opened; the resulting string is used until the | |
15886 | server is closed. (If you don't know about forms and @code{eval}, | |
15887 | don't worry---a simple string will work.) This parameter is not | |
15888 | optional; you must specify it. I don't recommend using | |
15889 | @code{"~/Mail"} or a subdirectory of it; several other parts of Gnus | |
15890 | use that directory by default for various things, and may get confused | |
15891 | if @code{nnmaildir} uses it too. @code{"~/.nnmaildir"} is a typical | |
15892 | value. | |
15893 | ||
15894 | @item target-prefix | |
15895 | This should be a Lisp form which is processed by @code{eval} and | |
15896 | @code{expand-file-name}. The form is @code{eval}ed only when the | |
15897 | server is opened; the resulting string is used until the server is | |
15898 | closed. | |
15899 | ||
15900 | When you create a group on an @code{nnmaildir} server, the maildir is | |
15901 | created with @code{target-prefix} prepended to its name, and a symlink | |
15902 | pointing to that maildir is created, named with the plain group name. | |
15903 | So if @code{directory} is @code{"~/.nnmaildir"} and | |
15904 | @code{target-prefix} is @code{"../maildirs/"}, then when you create | |
15905 | the group @code{foo}, @code{nnmaildir} will create | |
15906 | @file{~/.nnmaildir/../maildirs/foo} as a maildir, and will create | |
15907 | @file{~/.nnmaildir/foo} as a symlink pointing to | |
15908 | @file{../maildirs/foo}. | |
15909 | ||
15910 | You can set @code{target-prefix} to a string without any slashes to | |
15911 | create both maildirs and symlinks in the same @code{directory}; in | |
15912 | this case, any maildirs found in @code{directory} whose names start | |
15913 | with @code{target-prefix} will not be listed as groups (but the | |
15914 | symlinks pointing to them will be). | |
15915 | ||
15916 | As a special case, if @code{target-prefix} is @code{""} (the default), | |
15917 | then when you create a group, the maildir will be created in | |
15918 | @code{directory} without a corresponding symlink. Beware that you | |
15919 | cannot use @code{gnus-group-delete-group} on such groups without the | |
15920 | @code{force} argument. | |
15921 | ||
15922 | @item directory-files | |
15923 | This should be a function with the same interface as | |
15924 | @code{directory-files} (such as @code{directory-files} itself). It is | |
15925 | used to scan the server's @code{directory} for maildirs. This | |
15926 | parameter is optional; the default is | |
15927 | @code{nnheader-directory-files-safe} if | |
15928 | @code{nnheader-directory-files-is-safe} is @code{nil}, and | |
15929 | @code{directory-files} otherwise. | |
15930 | (@code{nnheader-directory-files-is-safe} is checked only once when the | |
15931 | server is opened; if you want to check it each time the directory is | |
15932 | scanned, you'll have to provide your own function that does that.) | |
15933 | ||
15934 | @item get-new-mail | |
15935 | If non-@code{nil}, then after scanning for new mail in the group | |
15936 | maildirs themselves as usual, this server will also incorporate mail | |
15937 | the conventional Gnus way, from @code{mail-sources} according to | |
15938 | @code{nnmail-split-methods} or @code{nnmail-split-fancy}. The default | |
15939 | value is @code{nil}. | |
15940 | ||
15941 | Do @emph{not} use the same maildir both in @code{mail-sources} and as | |
15942 | an @code{nnmaildir} group. The results might happen to be useful, but | |
15943 | that would be by chance, not by design, and the results might be | |
15944 | different in the future. If your split rules create new groups, | |
15945 | remember to supply a @code{create-directory} server parameter. | |
15946 | @end table | |
15947 | ||
15948 | @subsubsection Group parameters | |
15949 | ||
15950 | @code{nnmaildir} uses several group parameters. It's safe to ignore | |
15951 | all this; the default behavior for @code{nnmaildir} is the same as the | |
15952 | default behavior for other mail back ends: articles are deleted after | |
15953 | one week, etc. Except for the expiry parameters, all this | |
15954 | functionality is unique to @code{nnmaildir}, so you can ignore it if | |
15955 | you're just trying to duplicate the behavior you already have with | |
15956 | another back end. | |
15957 | ||
15958 | If the value of any of these parameters is a vector, the first element | |
15959 | is evaluated as a Lisp form and the result is used, rather than the | |
15960 | original value. If the value is not a vector, the value itself is | |
15961 | evaluated as a Lisp form. (This is why these parameters use names | |
15962 | different from those of other, similar parameters supported by other | |
15963 | back ends: they have different, though similar, meanings.) (For | |
15964 | numbers, strings, @code{nil}, and @code{t}, you can ignore the | |
15965 | @code{eval} business again; for other values, remember to use an extra | |
15966 | quote and wrap the value in a vector when appropriate.) | |
15967 | ||
15968 | @table @code | |
15969 | @item expire-age | |
15970 | An integer specifying the minimum age, in seconds, of an article | |
15971 | before it will be expired, or the symbol @code{never} to specify that | |
15972 | articles should never be expired. If this parameter is not set, | |
15973 | @code{nnmaildir} falls back to the usual | |
15974 | @code{nnmail-expiry-wait}(@code{-function}) variables (the | |
15975 | @code{expiry-wait} group parameter overrides @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} | |
15976 | and makes @code{nnmail-expiry-wait-function} ineffective). If you | |
15977 | wanted a value of 3 days, you could use something like @code{[(* 3 24 | |
15978 | 60 60)]}; @code{nnmaildir} will evaluate the form and use the result. | |
15979 | An article's age is measured starting from the article file's | |
15980 | modification time. Normally, this is the same as the article's | |
15981 | delivery time, but editing an article makes it younger. Moving an | |
15982 | article (other than via expiry) may also make an article younger. | |
15983 | ||
15984 | @item expire-group | |
15985 | If this is set to a string such as a full Gnus group name, like | |
15986 | @example | |
15987 | "backend+server.address.string:group.name" | |
15988 | @end example | |
15989 | and if it is not the name of the same group that the parameter belongs | |
15990 | to, then articles will be moved to the specified group during expiry | |
15991 | before being deleted. @emph{If this is set to an @code{nnmaildir} | |
15992 | group, the article will be just as old in the destination group as it | |
15993 | was in the source group.} So be careful with @code{expire-age} in the | |
15994 | destination group. If this is set to the name of the same group that | |
15995 | the parameter belongs to, then the article is not expired at all. If | |
15996 | you use the vector form, the first element is evaluated once for each | |
15997 | article. So that form can refer to | |
15998 | @code{nnmaildir-article-file-name}, etc., to decide where to put the | |
15999 | article. @emph{Even if this parameter is not set, @code{nnmaildir} | |
16000 | does not fall back to the @code{expiry-target} group parameter or the | |
16001 | @code{nnmail-expiry-target} variable.} | |
16002 | ||
16003 | @item read-only | |
16004 | If this is set to @code{t}, @code{nnmaildir} will treat the articles | |
16005 | in this maildir as read-only. This means: articles are not renamed | |
16006 | from @file{new/} into @file{cur/}; articles are only found in | |
16007 | @file{new/}, not @file{cur/}; articles are never deleted; articles | |
16008 | cannot be edited. @file{new/} is expected to be a symlink to the | |
16009 | @file{new/} directory of another maildir---e.g., a system-wide mailbox | |
16010 | containing a mailing list of common interest. Everything in the | |
16011 | maildir outside @file{new/} is @emph{not} treated as read-only, so for | |
16012 | a shared mailbox, you do still need to set up your own maildir (or | |
16013 | have write permission to the shared mailbox); your maildir just won't | |
16014 | contain extra copies of the articles. | |
16015 | ||
16016 | @item directory-files | |
16017 | A function with the same interface as @code{directory-files}. It is | |
16018 | used to scan the directories in the maildir corresponding to this | |
16019 | group to find articles. The default is the function specified by the | |
16020 | server's @code{directory-files} parameter. | |
16021 | ||
16022 | @item distrust-Lines: | |
16023 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnmaildir} will always count the lines of an | |
16024 | article, rather than use the @code{Lines:} header field. If | |
16025 | @code{nil}, the header field will be used if present. | |
16026 | ||
16027 | @item always-marks | |
16028 | A list of mark symbols, such as @code{['(read expire)]}. Whenever | |
16029 | Gnus asks @code{nnmaildir} for article marks, @code{nnmaildir} will | |
16030 | say that all articles have these marks, regardless of whether the | |
16031 | marks stored in the filesystem say so. This is a proof-of-concept | |
16032 | feature that will probably be removed eventually; it ought to be done | |
16033 | in Gnus proper, or abandoned if it's not worthwhile. | |
16034 | ||
16035 | @item never-marks | |
16036 | A list of mark symbols, such as @code{['(tick expire)]}. Whenever | |
16037 | Gnus asks @code{nnmaildir} for article marks, @code{nnmaildir} will | |
16038 | say that no articles have these marks, regardless of whether the marks | |
16039 | stored in the filesystem say so. @code{never-marks} overrides | |
16040 | @code{always-marks}. This is a proof-of-concept feature that will | |
16041 | probably be removed eventually; it ought to be done in Gnus proper, or | |
16042 | abandoned if it's not worthwhile. | |
16043 | ||
16044 | @item nov-cache-size | |
16045 | An integer specifying the size of the @acronym{NOV} memory cache. To | |
16046 | speed things up, @code{nnmaildir} keeps @acronym{NOV} data in memory | |
16047 | for a limited number of articles in each group. (This is probably not | |
16048 | worthwhile, and will probably be removed in the future.) This | |
16049 | parameter's value is noticed only the first time a group is seen after | |
16050 | the server is opened---i.e., when you first start Gnus, typically. | |
16051 | The @acronym{NOV} cache is never resized until the server is closed | |
16052 | and reopened. The default is an estimate of the number of articles | |
16053 | that would be displayed in the summary buffer: a count of articles | |
16054 | that are either marked with @code{tick} or not marked with | |
16055 | @code{read}, plus a little extra. | |
16056 | @end table | |
16057 | ||
16058 | @subsubsection Article identification | |
16059 | Articles are stored in the @file{cur/} subdirectory of each maildir. | |
16060 | Each article file is named like @code{uniq:info}, where @code{uniq} | |
16061 | contains no colons. @code{nnmaildir} ignores, but preserves, the | |
16062 | @code{:info} part. (Other maildir readers typically use this part of | |
16063 | the filename to store marks.) The @code{uniq} part uniquely | |
16064 | identifies the article, and is used in various places in the | |
16065 | @file{.nnmaildir/} subdirectory of the maildir to store information | |
16066 | about the corresponding article. The full pathname of an article is | |
16067 | available in the variable @code{nnmaildir-article-file-name} after you | |
16068 | request the article in the summary buffer. | |
16069 | ||
16070 | @subsubsection NOV data | |
16071 | An article identified by @code{uniq} has its @acronym{NOV} data (used | |
16072 | to generate lines in the summary buffer) stored in | |
16073 | @code{.nnmaildir/nov/uniq}. There is no | |
16074 | @code{nnmaildir-generate-nov-databases} function. (There isn't much | |
16075 | need for it---an article's @acronym{NOV} data is updated automatically | |
16076 | when the article or @code{nnmail-extra-headers} has changed.) You can | |
16077 | force @code{nnmaildir} to regenerate the @acronym{NOV} data for a | |
16078 | single article simply by deleting the corresponding @acronym{NOV} | |
16079 | file, but @emph{beware}: this will also cause @code{nnmaildir} to | |
16080 | assign a new article number for this article, which may cause trouble | |
16081 | with @code{seen} marks, the Agent, and the cache. | |
16082 | ||
16083 | @subsubsection Article marks | |
16084 | An article identified by @code{uniq} is considered to have the mark | |
16085 | @code{flag} when the file @file{.nnmaildir/marks/flag/uniq} exists. | |
16086 | When Gnus asks @code{nnmaildir} for a group's marks, @code{nnmaildir} | |
16087 | looks for such files and reports the set of marks it finds. When Gnus | |
16088 | asks @code{nnmaildir} to store a new set of marks, @code{nnmaildir} | |
16089 | creates and deletes the corresponding files as needed. (Actually, | |
16090 | rather than create a new file for each mark, it just creates hard | |
16091 | links to @file{.nnmaildir/markfile}, to save inodes.) | |
16092 | ||
16093 | You can invent new marks by creating a new directory in | |
16094 | @file{.nnmaildir/marks/}. You can tar up a maildir and remove it from | |
16095 | your server, untar it later, and keep your marks. You can add and | |
16096 | remove marks yourself by creating and deleting mark files. If you do | |
16097 | this while Gnus is running and your @code{nnmaildir} server is open, | |
16098 | it's best to exit all summary buffers for @code{nnmaildir} groups and | |
16099 | type @kbd{s} in the group buffer first, and to type @kbd{g} or | |
16100 | @kbd{M-g} in the group buffer afterwards. Otherwise, Gnus might not | |
16101 | pick up the changes, and might undo them. | |
16102 | ||
16103 | ||
16104 | @node Mail Folders | |
16105 | @subsubsection Mail Folders | |
16106 | @cindex nnfolder | |
16107 | @cindex mbox folders | |
16108 | @cindex mail folders | |
16109 | ||
16110 | @code{nnfolder} is a back end for storing each mail group in a | |
16111 | separate file. Each file is in the standard Un*x mbox format. | |
16112 | @code{nnfolder} will add extra headers to keep track of article | |
16113 | numbers and arrival dates. | |
16114 | ||
16115 | @cindex self contained nnfolder servers | |
16116 | @cindex marks | |
16117 | When the marks file is used (which it is by default), @code{nnfolder} | |
16118 | servers have the property that you may backup them using @code{tar} or | |
16119 | similar, and later be able to restore them into Gnus (by adding the | |
16120 | proper @code{nnfolder} server) and have all your marks be preserved. | |
16121 | Marks for a group are usually stored in a file named as the mbox file | |
16122 | with @code{.mrk} concatenated to it (but see | |
16123 | @code{nnfolder-marks-file-suffix}) within the @code{nnfolder} | |
16124 | directory. Individual @code{nnfolder} groups are also possible to | |
16125 | backup, use @kbd{G m} to restore the group (after restoring the backup | |
16126 | into the @code{nnfolder} directory). | |
16127 | ||
16128 | Virtual server settings: | |
16129 | ||
16130 | @table @code | |
16131 | @item nnfolder-directory | |
16132 | @vindex nnfolder-directory | |
16133 | All the @code{nnfolder} mail boxes will be stored under this | |
16134 | directory. The default is the value of @code{message-directory} | |
16135 | (whose default is @file{~/Mail}) | |
16136 | ||
16137 | @item nnfolder-active-file | |
16138 | @vindex nnfolder-active-file | |
16139 | The name of the active file. The default is @file{~/Mail/active}. | |
16140 | ||
16141 | @item nnfolder-newsgroups-file | |
16142 | @vindex nnfolder-newsgroups-file | |
16143 | The name of the group descriptions file. @xref{Newsgroups File | |
16144 | Format}. The default is @file{~/Mail/newsgroups} | |
16145 | ||
16146 | @item nnfolder-get-new-mail | |
16147 | @vindex nnfolder-get-new-mail | |
16148 | If non-@code{nil}, @code{nnfolder} will read incoming mail. The | |
16149 | default is @code{t} | |
16150 | ||
16151 | @item nnfolder-save-buffer-hook | |
16152 | @vindex nnfolder-save-buffer-hook | |
16153 | @cindex backup files | |
16154 | Hook run before saving the folders. Note that Emacs does the normal | |
16155 | backup renaming of files even with the @code{nnfolder} buffers. If | |
16156 | you wish to switch this off, you could say something like the | |
16157 | following in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
16158 | ||
16159 | @lisp | |
16160 | (defun turn-off-backup () | |
16161 | (set (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited) t)) | |
16162 | ||
16163 | (add-hook 'nnfolder-save-buffer-hook 'turn-off-backup) | |
16164 | @end lisp | |
16165 | ||
16166 | @item nnfolder-delete-mail-hook | |
16167 | @vindex nnfolder-delete-mail-hook | |
16168 | Hook run in a buffer narrowed to the message that is to be deleted. | |
16169 | This function can be used to copy the message to somewhere else, or to | |
16170 | extract some information from it before removing it. | |
16171 | ||
16172 | @item nnfolder-nov-is-evil | |
16173 | @vindex nnfolder-nov-is-evil | |
16174 | If non-@code{nil}, this back end will ignore any @acronym{NOV} files. The | |
16175 | default is @code{nil}. | |
16176 | ||
16177 | @item nnfolder-nov-file-suffix | |
16178 | @vindex nnfolder-nov-file-suffix | |
16179 | The extension for @acronym{NOV} files. The default is @file{.nov}. | |
16180 | ||
16181 | @item nnfolder-nov-directory | |
16182 | @vindex nnfolder-nov-directory | |
16183 | The directory where the @acronym{NOV} files should be stored. If | |
16184 | @code{nil}, @code{nnfolder-directory} is used. | |
16185 | ||
16186 | @item nnfolder-marks-is-evil | |
16187 | @vindex nnfolder-marks-is-evil | |
16188 | If non-@code{nil}, this back end will ignore any @sc{marks} files. The | |
16189 | default is @code{nil}. | |
16190 | ||
16191 | @item nnfolder-marks-file-suffix | |
16192 | @vindex nnfolder-marks-file-suffix | |
16193 | The extension for @sc{marks} files. The default is @file{.mrk}. | |
16194 | ||
16195 | @item nnfolder-marks-directory | |
16196 | @vindex nnfolder-marks-directory | |
16197 | The directory where the @sc{marks} files should be stored. If | |
16198 | @code{nil}, @code{nnfolder-directory} is used. | |
16199 | ||
16200 | @end table | |
16201 | ||
16202 | ||
16203 | @findex nnfolder-generate-active-file | |
16204 | @kindex M-x nnfolder-generate-active-file | |
16205 | If you have lots of @code{nnfolder}-like files you'd like to read with | |
16206 | @code{nnfolder}, you can use the @kbd{M-x nnfolder-generate-active-file} | |
16207 | command to make @code{nnfolder} aware of all likely files in | |
16208 | @code{nnfolder-directory}. This only works if you use long file names, | |
16209 | though. | |
16210 | ||
16211 | @node Comparing Mail Back Ends | |
16212 | @subsubsection Comparing Mail Back Ends | |
16213 | ||
16214 | First, just for terminology, the @dfn{back end} is the common word for a | |
16215 | low-level access method---a transport, if you will, by which something | |
16216 | is acquired. The sense is that one's mail has to come from somewhere, | |
16217 | and so selection of a suitable back end is required in order to get that | |
16218 | mail within spitting distance of Gnus. | |
16219 | ||
16220 | The same concept exists for Usenet itself: Though access to articles is | |
16221 | typically done by @acronym{NNTP} these days, once upon a midnight dreary, everyone | |
16222 | in the world got at Usenet by running a reader on the machine where the | |
16223 | articles lay (the machine which today we call an @acronym{NNTP} server), and | |
16224 | access was by the reader stepping into the articles' directory spool | |
16225 | area directly. One can still select between either the @code{nntp} or | |
16226 | @code{nnspool} back ends, to select between these methods, if one happens | |
16227 | actually to live on the server (or can see its spool directly, anyway, | |
16228 | via NFS). | |
16229 | ||
16230 | The goal in selecting a mail back end is to pick one which | |
16231 | simultaneously represents a suitable way of dealing with the original | |
16232 | format plus leaving mail in a form that is convenient to use in the | |
16233 | future. Here are some high and low points on each: | |
16234 | ||
16235 | @table @code | |
16236 | @item nnmbox | |
16237 | ||
16238 | UNIX systems have historically had a single, very common, and well- | |
16239 | defined format. All messages arrive in a single @dfn{spool file}, and | |
16240 | they are delineated by a line whose regular expression matches | |
16241 | @samp{^From_}. (My notational use of @samp{_} is to indicate a space, | |
16242 | to make it clear in this instance that this is not the RFC-specified | |
16243 | @samp{From:} header.) Because Emacs and therefore Gnus emanate | |
16244 | historically from the Unix environment, it is simplest if one does not | |
16245 | mess a great deal with the original mailbox format, so if one chooses | |
16246 | this back end, Gnus' primary activity in getting mail from the real spool | |
16247 | area to Gnus' preferred directory is simply to copy it, with no | |
16248 | (appreciable) format change in the process. It is the ``dumbest'' way | |
16249 | to move mail into availability in the Gnus environment. This makes it | |
16250 | fast to move into place, but slow to parse, when Gnus has to look at | |
16251 | what's where. | |
16252 | ||
16253 | @item nnbabyl | |
16254 | ||
16255 | Once upon a time, there was the DEC-10 and DEC-20, running operating | |
16256 | systems called TOPS and related things, and the usual (only?) mail | |
16257 | reading environment was a thing called Babyl. I don't know what format | |
16258 | was used for mail landing on the system, but Babyl had its own internal | |
16259 | format to which mail was converted, primarily involving creating a | |
16260 | spool-file-like entity with a scheme for inserting Babyl-specific | |
16261 | headers and status bits above the top of each message in the file. | |
16262 | Rmail was Emacs' first mail reader, it was written by Richard Stallman, | |
16263 | and Stallman came out of that TOPS/Babyl environment, so he wrote Rmail | |
16264 | to understand the mail files folks already had in existence. Gnus (and | |
16265 | VM, for that matter) continue to support this format because it's | |
16266 | perceived as having some good qualities in those mailer-specific | |
16267 | headers/status bits stuff. Rmail itself still exists as well, of | |
16268 | course, and is still maintained by Stallman. | |
16269 | ||
16270 | Both of the above forms leave your mail in a single file on your | |
16271 | file system, and they must parse that entire file each time you take a | |
16272 | look at your mail. | |
16273 | ||
16274 | @item nnml | |
16275 | ||
16276 | @code{nnml} is the back end which smells the most as though you were | |
16277 | actually operating with an @code{nnspool}-accessed Usenet system. (In | |
16278 | fact, I believe @code{nnml} actually derived from @code{nnspool} code, | |
16279 | lo these years ago.) One's mail is taken from the original spool file, | |
16280 | and is then cut up into individual message files, 1:1. It maintains a | |
16281 | Usenet-style active file (analogous to what one finds in an INN- or | |
16282 | CNews-based news system in (for instance) @file{/var/lib/news/active}, | |
16283 | or what is returned via the @samp{NNTP LIST} verb) and also creates | |
16284 | @dfn{overview} files for efficient group entry, as has been defined for | |
16285 | @acronym{NNTP} servers for some years now. It is slower in mail-splitting, | |
16286 | due to the creation of lots of files, updates to the @code{nnml} active | |
16287 | file, and additions to overview files on a per-message basis, but it is | |
16288 | extremely fast on access because of what amounts to the indexing support | |
16289 | provided by the active file and overviews. | |
16290 | ||
16291 | @code{nnml} costs @dfn{inodes} in a big way; that is, it soaks up the | |
16292 | resource which defines available places in the file system to put new | |
16293 | files. Sysadmins take a dim view of heavy inode occupation within | |
16294 | tight, shared file systems. But if you live on a personal machine where | |
16295 | the file system is your own and space is not at a premium, @code{nnml} | |
16296 | wins big. | |
16297 | ||
16298 | It is also problematic using this back end if you are living in a | |
16299 | FAT16-based Windows world, since much space will be wasted on all these | |
16300 | tiny files. | |
16301 | ||
16302 | @item nnmh | |
16303 | ||
16304 | The Rand MH mail-reading system has been around UNIX systems for a very | |
16305 | long time; it operates by splitting one's spool file of messages into | |
16306 | individual files, but with little or no indexing support---@code{nnmh} | |
16307 | is considered to be semantically equivalent to ``@code{nnml} without | |
16308 | active file or overviews''. This is arguably the worst choice, because | |
16309 | one gets the slowness of individual file creation married to the | |
16310 | slowness of access parsing when learning what's new in one's groups. | |
16311 | ||
16312 | @item nnfolder | |
16313 | ||
16314 | Basically the effect of @code{nnfolder} is @code{nnmbox} (the first | |
16315 | method described above) on a per-group basis. That is, @code{nnmbox} | |
16316 | itself puts @emph{all} one's mail in one file; @code{nnfolder} provides a | |
16317 | little bit of optimization to this so that each of one's mail groups has | |
16318 | a Unix mail box file. It's faster than @code{nnmbox} because each group | |
16319 | can be parsed separately, and still provides the simple Unix mail box | |
16320 | format requiring minimal effort in moving the mail around. In addition, | |
16321 | it maintains an ``active'' file making it much faster for Gnus to figure | |
16322 | out how many messages there are in each separate group. | |
16323 | ||
16324 | If you have groups that are expected to have a massive amount of | |
16325 | messages, @code{nnfolder} is not the best choice, but if you receive | |
16326 | only a moderate amount of mail, @code{nnfolder} is probably the most | |
16327 | friendly mail back end all over. | |
16328 | ||
16329 | @item nnmaildir | |
16330 | ||
16331 | For configuring expiry and other things, @code{nnmaildir} uses | |
16332 | incompatible group parameters, slightly different from those of other | |
16333 | mail back ends. | |
16334 | ||
16335 | @code{nnmaildir} is largely similar to @code{nnml}, with some notable | |
16336 | differences. Each message is stored in a separate file, but the | |
16337 | filename is unrelated to the article number in Gnus. @code{nnmaildir} | |
16338 | also stores the equivalent of @code{nnml}'s overview files in one file | |
16339 | per article, so it uses about twice as many inodes as @code{nnml}. (Use | |
16340 | @code{df -i} to see how plentiful your inode supply is.) If this slows | |
16341 | you down or takes up very much space, consider switching to | |
16342 | @uref{http://www.namesys.com/, ReiserFS} or another non-block-structured | |
16343 | file system. | |
16344 | ||
16345 | Since maildirs don't require locking for delivery, the maildirs you use | |
16346 | as groups can also be the maildirs your mail is directly delivered to. | |
16347 | This means you can skip Gnus' mail splitting if your mail is already | |
16348 | organized into different mailboxes during delivery. A @code{directory} | |
16349 | entry in @code{mail-sources} would have a similar effect, but would | |
16350 | require one set of mailboxes for spooling deliveries (in mbox format, | |
16351 | thus damaging message bodies), and another set to be used as groups (in | |
16352 | whatever format you like). A maildir has a built-in spool, in the | |
16353 | @code{new/} subdirectory. Beware that currently, mail moved from | |
16354 | @code{new/} to @code{cur/} instead of via mail splitting will not | |
16355 | undergo treatment such as duplicate checking. | |
16356 | ||
16357 | @code{nnmaildir} stores article marks for a given group in the | |
16358 | corresponding maildir, in a way designed so that it's easy to manipulate | |
16359 | them from outside Gnus. You can tar up a maildir, unpack it somewhere | |
16360 | else, and still have your marks. @code{nnml} also stores marks, but | |
16361 | it's not as easy to work with them from outside Gnus as with | |
16362 | @code{nnmaildir}. | |
16363 | ||
16364 | @code{nnmaildir} uses a significant amount of memory to speed things up. | |
16365 | (It keeps in memory some of the things that @code{nnml} stores in files | |
16366 | and that @code{nnmh} repeatedly parses out of message files.) If this | |
16367 | is a problem for you, you can set the @code{nov-cache-size} group | |
16368 | parameter to something small (0 would probably not work, but 1 probably | |
16369 | would) to make it use less memory. This caching will probably be | |
16370 | removed in the future. | |
16371 | ||
16372 | Startup is likely to be slower with @code{nnmaildir} than with other | |
16373 | back ends. Everything else is likely to be faster, depending in part | |
16374 | on your file system. | |
16375 | ||
16376 | @code{nnmaildir} does not use @code{nnoo}, so you cannot use @code{nnoo} | |
16377 | to write an @code{nnmaildir}-derived back end. | |
16378 | ||
16379 | @end table | |
16380 | ||
16381 | ||
16382 | @node Browsing the Web | |
16383 | @section Browsing the Web | |
16384 | @cindex web | |
16385 | @cindex browsing the web | |
16386 | @cindex www | |
16387 | @cindex http | |
16388 | ||
16389 | Web-based discussion forums are getting more and more popular. On many | |
16390 | subjects, the web-based forums have become the most important forums, | |
16391 | eclipsing the importance of mailing lists and news groups. The reason | |
16392 | is easy to understand---they are friendly to new users; you just point | |
16393 | and click, and there's the discussion. With mailing lists, you have to | |
16394 | go through a cumbersome subscription procedure, and most people don't | |
16395 | even know what a news group is. | |
16396 | ||
16397 | The problem with this scenario is that web browsers are not very good at | |
16398 | being newsreaders. They do not keep track of what articles you've read; | |
16399 | they do not allow you to score on subjects you're interested in; they do | |
16400 | not allow off-line browsing; they require you to click around and drive | |
16401 | you mad in the end. | |
16402 | ||
16403 | So---if web browsers suck at reading discussion forums, why not use Gnus | |
16404 | to do it instead? | |
16405 | ||
16406 | Gnus has been getting a bit of a collection of back ends for providing | |
16407 | interfaces to these sources. | |
16408 | ||
16409 | @menu | |
16410 | * Archiving Mail:: | |
16411 | * Web Searches:: Creating groups from articles that match a string. | |
16412 | * Slashdot:: Reading the Slashdot comments. | |
16413 | * Ultimate:: The Ultimate Bulletin Board systems. | |
16414 | * Web Archive:: Reading mailing list archived on web. | |
16415 | * RSS:: Reading RDF site summary. | |
16416 | * Customizing W3:: Doing stuff to Emacs/W3 from Gnus. | |
16417 | @end menu | |
16418 | ||
16419 | All the web sources require Emacs/W3 and the url library or those | |
16420 | alternatives to work. | |
16421 | ||
16422 | The main caveat with all these web sources is that they probably won't | |
16423 | work for a very long time. Gleaning information from the @acronym{HTML} data | |
16424 | is guesswork at best, and when the layout is altered, the Gnus back end | |
16425 | will fail. If you have reasonably new versions of these back ends, | |
16426 | though, you should be ok. | |
16427 | ||
16428 | One thing all these Web methods have in common is that the Web sources | |
16429 | are often down, unavailable or just plain too slow to be fun. In those | |
16430 | cases, it makes a lot of sense to let the Gnus Agent (@pxref{Gnus | |
16431 | Unplugged}) handle downloading articles, and then you can read them at | |
16432 | leisure from your local disk. No more World Wide Wait for you. | |
16433 | ||
16434 | @node Archiving Mail | |
16435 | @subsection Archiving Mail | |
16436 | @cindex archiving mail | |
16437 | @cindex backup of mail | |
16438 | ||
16439 | Some of the back ends, notably @code{nnml}, @code{nnfolder}, and | |
16440 | @code{nnmaildir}, now actually store the article marks with each group. | |
16441 | For these servers, archiving and restoring a group while preserving | |
16442 | marks is fairly simple. | |
16443 | ||
16444 | (Preserving the group level and group parameters as well still | |
16445 | requires ritual dancing and sacrifices to the @file{.newsrc.eld} deity | |
16446 | though.) | |
16447 | ||
16448 | To archive an entire @code{nnml}, @code{nnfolder}, or @code{nnmaildir} | |
16449 | server, take a recursive copy of the server directory. There is no need | |
16450 | to shut down Gnus, so archiving may be invoked by @code{cron} or | |
16451 | similar. You restore the data by restoring the directory tree, and | |
16452 | adding a server definition pointing to that directory in Gnus. The | |
16453 | @ref{Article Backlog}, @ref{Asynchronous Fetching} and other things | |
16454 | might interfere with overwriting data, so you may want to shut down Gnus | |
16455 | before you restore the data. | |
16456 | ||
16457 | It is also possible to archive individual @code{nnml}, | |
16458 | @code{nnfolder}, or @code{nnmaildir} groups, while preserving marks. | |
16459 | For @code{nnml} or @code{nnmaildir}, you copy all files in the group's | |
16460 | directory. For @code{nnfolder} you need to copy both the base folder | |
16461 | file itself (@file{FOO}, say), and the marks file (@file{FOO.mrk} in | |
16462 | this example). Restoring the group is done with @kbd{G m} from the Group | |
16463 | buffer. The last step makes Gnus notice the new directory. | |
16464 | @code{nnmaildir} notices the new directory automatically, so @kbd{G m} | |
16465 | is unnecessary in that case. | |
16466 | ||
16467 | @node Web Searches | |
16468 | @subsection Web Searches | |
16469 | @cindex nnweb | |
16470 | @cindex Google | |
16471 | @cindex dejanews | |
16472 | @cindex gmane | |
16473 | @cindex Usenet searches | |
16474 | @cindex searching the Usenet | |
16475 | ||
16476 | It's, like, too neat to search the Usenet for articles that match a | |
16477 | string, but it, like, totally @emph{sucks}, like, totally, to use one of | |
16478 | those, like, Web browsers, and you, like, have to, rilly, like, look at | |
16479 | the commercials, so, like, with Gnus you can do @emph{rad}, rilly, | |
16480 | searches without having to use a browser. | |
16481 | ||
16482 | The @code{nnweb} back end allows an easy interface to the mighty search | |
16483 | engine. You create an @code{nnweb} group, enter a search pattern, and | |
16484 | then enter the group and read the articles like you would any normal | |
16485 | group. The @kbd{G w} command in the group buffer (@pxref{Foreign | |
16486 | Groups}) will do this in an easy-to-use fashion. | |
16487 | ||
16488 | @code{nnweb} groups don't really lend themselves to being solid | |
16489 | groups---they have a very fleeting idea of article numbers. In fact, | |
16490 | each time you enter an @code{nnweb} group (not even changing the search | |
16491 | pattern), you are likely to get the articles ordered in a different | |
16492 | manner. Not even using duplicate suppression (@pxref{Duplicate | |
16493 | Suppression}) will help, since @code{nnweb} doesn't even know the | |
16494 | @code{Message-ID} of the articles before reading them using some search | |
16495 | engines (Google, for instance). The only possible way to keep track | |
16496 | of which articles you've read is by scoring on the @code{Date} | |
16497 | header---mark all articles posted before the last date you read the | |
16498 | group as read. | |
16499 | ||
16500 | If the search engine changes its output substantially, @code{nnweb} | |
16501 | won't be able to parse it and will fail. One could hardly fault the Web | |
01c52d31 | 16502 | providers if they were to do this---their @emph{raison d'@^etre} is to |
4009494e GM |
16503 | make money off of advertisements, not to provide services to the |
16504 | community. Since @code{nnweb} washes the ads off all the articles, one | |
16505 | might think that the providers might be somewhat miffed. We'll see. | |
16506 | ||
16507 | You must have the @code{url} and @code{W3} package or those alternatives | |
16508 | (try @code{customize-group} on the @samp{mm-url} variable group) | |
16509 | installed to be able to use @code{nnweb}. | |
16510 | ||
16511 | Virtual server variables: | |
16512 | ||
16513 | @table @code | |
16514 | @item nnweb-type | |
16515 | @vindex nnweb-type | |
16516 | What search engine type is being used. The currently supported types | |
16517 | are @code{google}, @code{dejanews}, and @code{gmane}. Note that | |
16518 | @code{dejanews} is an alias to @code{google}. | |
16519 | ||
16520 | @item nnweb-search | |
16521 | @vindex nnweb-search | |
16522 | The search string to feed to the search engine. | |
16523 | ||
16524 | @item nnweb-max-hits | |
16525 | @vindex nnweb-max-hits | |
16526 | Advisory maximum number of hits per search to display. The default is | |
16527 | 999. | |
16528 | ||
16529 | @item nnweb-type-definition | |
16530 | @vindex nnweb-type-definition | |
16531 | Type-to-definition alist. This alist says what @code{nnweb} should do | |
16532 | with the various search engine types. The following elements must be | |
16533 | present: | |
16534 | ||
16535 | @table @code | |
16536 | @item article | |
16537 | Function to decode the article and provide something that Gnus | |
16538 | understands. | |
16539 | ||
16540 | @item map | |
16541 | Function to create an article number to message header and URL alist. | |
16542 | ||
16543 | @item search | |
16544 | Function to send the search string to the search engine. | |
16545 | ||
16546 | @item address | |
16547 | The address the aforementioned function should send the search string | |
16548 | to. | |
16549 | ||
16550 | @item id | |
16551 | Format string URL to fetch an article by @code{Message-ID}. | |
16552 | @end table | |
16553 | ||
16554 | @end table | |
16555 | ||
16556 | ||
16557 | @node Slashdot | |
16558 | @subsection Slashdot | |
16559 | @cindex Slashdot | |
16560 | @cindex nnslashdot | |
16561 | ||
16562 | @uref{http://slashdot.org/, Slashdot} is a popular news site, with | |
16563 | lively discussion following the news articles. @code{nnslashdot} will | |
16564 | let you read this forum in a convenient manner. | |
16565 | ||
16566 | The easiest way to read this source is to put something like the | |
16567 | following in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
16568 | ||
16569 | @lisp | |
16570 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
16571 | '((nnslashdot ""))) | |
16572 | @end lisp | |
16573 | ||
16574 | This will make Gnus query the @code{nnslashdot} back end for new comments | |
16575 | and groups. The @kbd{F} command will subscribe each new news article as | |
16576 | a new Gnus group, and you can read the comments by entering these | |
16577 | groups. (Note that the default subscription method is to subscribe new | |
16578 | groups as zombies. Other methods are available (@pxref{Subscription | |
16579 | Methods}). | |
16580 | ||
16581 | If you want to remove an old @code{nnslashdot} group, the @kbd{G DEL} | |
16582 | command is the most handy tool (@pxref{Foreign Groups}). | |
16583 | ||
16584 | When following up to @code{nnslashdot} comments (or posting new | |
16585 | comments), some light @acronym{HTML}izations will be performed. In | |
16586 | particular, text quoted with @samp{> } will be quoted with | |
16587 | @samp{blockquote} instead, and signatures will have @samp{br} added to | |
16588 | the end of each line. Other than that, you can just write @acronym{HTML} | |
16589 | directly into the message buffer. Note that Slashdot filters out some | |
16590 | @acronym{HTML} forms. | |
16591 | ||
16592 | The following variables can be altered to change its behavior: | |
16593 | ||
16594 | @table @code | |
16595 | @item nnslashdot-threaded | |
16596 | Whether @code{nnslashdot} should display threaded groups or not. The | |
16597 | default is @code{t}. To be able to display threads, @code{nnslashdot} | |
16598 | has to retrieve absolutely all comments in a group upon entry. If a | |
16599 | threaded display is not required, @code{nnslashdot} will only retrieve | |
16600 | the comments that are actually wanted by the user. Threading is nicer, | |
16601 | but much, much slower than unthreaded. | |
16602 | ||
16603 | @item nnslashdot-login-name | |
16604 | @vindex nnslashdot-login-name | |
16605 | The login name to use when posting. | |
16606 | ||
16607 | @item nnslashdot-password | |
16608 | @vindex nnslashdot-password | |
16609 | The password to use when posting. | |
16610 | ||
16611 | @item nnslashdot-directory | |
16612 | @vindex nnslashdot-directory | |
16613 | Where @code{nnslashdot} will store its files. The default is | |
16614 | @file{~/News/slashdot/}. | |
16615 | ||
16616 | @item nnslashdot-active-url | |
16617 | @vindex nnslashdot-active-url | |
16618 | The @acronym{URL} format string that will be used to fetch the | |
16619 | information on news articles and comments. The default is@* | |
16620 | @samp{http://slashdot.org/search.pl?section=&min=%d}. | |
16621 | ||
16622 | @item nnslashdot-comments-url | |
16623 | @vindex nnslashdot-comments-url | |
16624 | The @acronym{URL} format string that will be used to fetch comments. | |
16625 | ||
16626 | @item nnslashdot-article-url | |
16627 | @vindex nnslashdot-article-url | |
16628 | The @acronym{URL} format string that will be used to fetch the news | |
16629 | article. The default is | |
16630 | @samp{http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=%s&mode=nocomment}. | |
16631 | ||
16632 | @item nnslashdot-threshold | |
16633 | @vindex nnslashdot-threshold | |
16634 | The score threshold. The default is -1. | |
16635 | ||
16636 | @item nnslashdot-group-number | |
16637 | @vindex nnslashdot-group-number | |
16638 | The number of old groups, in addition to the ten latest, to keep | |
16639 | updated. The default is 0. | |
16640 | ||
16641 | @end table | |
16642 | ||
16643 | ||
16644 | ||
16645 | @node Ultimate | |
16646 | @subsection Ultimate | |
16647 | @cindex nnultimate | |
16648 | @cindex Ultimate Bulletin Board | |
16649 | ||
16650 | @uref{http://www.ultimatebb.com/, The Ultimate Bulletin Board} is | |
16651 | probably the most popular Web bulletin board system used. It has a | |
16652 | quite regular and nice interface, and it's possible to get the | |
16653 | information Gnus needs to keep groups updated. | |
16654 | ||
16655 | The easiest way to get started with @code{nnultimate} is to say | |
16656 | something like the following in the group buffer: @kbd{B nnultimate RET | |
16657 | http://www.tcj.com/messboard/ubbcgi/ RET}. (Substitute the @acronym{URL} | |
16658 | (not including @samp{Ultimate.cgi} or the like at the end) for a forum | |
16659 | you're interested in; there's quite a list of them on the Ultimate web | |
16660 | site.) Then subscribe to the groups you're interested in from the | |
16661 | server buffer, and read them from the group buffer. | |
16662 | ||
16663 | The following @code{nnultimate} variables can be altered: | |
16664 | ||
16665 | @table @code | |
16666 | @item nnultimate-directory | |
16667 | @vindex nnultimate-directory | |
16668 | The directory where @code{nnultimate} stores its files. The default is@* | |
16669 | @file{~/News/ultimate/}. | |
16670 | @end table | |
16671 | ||
16672 | ||
16673 | @node Web Archive | |
16674 | @subsection Web Archive | |
16675 | @cindex nnwarchive | |
16676 | @cindex Web Archive | |
16677 | ||
16678 | Some mailing lists only have archives on Web servers, such as | |
16679 | @uref{http://www.egroups.com/} and | |
16680 | @uref{http://www.mail-archive.com/}. It has a quite regular and nice | |
16681 | interface, and it's possible to get the information Gnus needs to keep | |
16682 | groups updated. | |
16683 | ||
16684 | @findex gnus-group-make-warchive-group | |
16685 | The easiest way to get started with @code{nnwarchive} is to say | |
16686 | something like the following in the group buffer: @kbd{M-x | |
16687 | gnus-group-make-warchive-group RET @var{an_egroup} RET egroups RET | |
16688 | www.egroups.com RET @var{your@@email.address} RET}. (Substitute the | |
16689 | @var{an_egroup} with the mailing list you subscribed, the | |
16690 | @var{your@@email.address} with your email address.), or to browse the | |
16691 | back end by @kbd{B nnwarchive RET mail-archive RET}. | |
16692 | ||
16693 | The following @code{nnwarchive} variables can be altered: | |
16694 | ||
16695 | @table @code | |
16696 | @item nnwarchive-directory | |
16697 | @vindex nnwarchive-directory | |
16698 | The directory where @code{nnwarchive} stores its files. The default is@* | |
16699 | @file{~/News/warchive/}. | |
16700 | ||
16701 | @item nnwarchive-login | |
16702 | @vindex nnwarchive-login | |
16703 | The account name on the web server. | |
16704 | ||
16705 | @item nnwarchive-passwd | |
16706 | @vindex nnwarchive-passwd | |
16707 | The password for your account on the web server. | |
16708 | @end table | |
16709 | ||
16710 | @node RSS | |
16711 | @subsection RSS | |
16712 | @cindex nnrss | |
16713 | @cindex RSS | |
16714 | ||
16715 | Some web sites have an RDF Site Summary (@acronym{RSS}). | |
16716 | @acronym{RSS} is a format for summarizing headlines from news related | |
16717 | sites (such as BBC or CNN). But basically anything list-like can be | |
16718 | presented as an @acronym{RSS} feed: weblogs, changelogs or recent | |
16719 | changes to a wiki (e.g. @url{http://cliki.net/recent-changes.rdf}). | |
16720 | ||
16721 | @acronym{RSS} has a quite regular and nice interface, and it's | |
16722 | possible to get the information Gnus needs to keep groups updated. | |
16723 | ||
16724 | Note: you had better use Emacs which supports the @code{utf-8} coding | |
16725 | system because @acronym{RSS} uses UTF-8 for encoding non-@acronym{ASCII} | |
16726 | text by default. It is also used by default for non-@acronym{ASCII} | |
16727 | group names. | |
16728 | ||
16729 | @kindex G R (Group) | |
16730 | Use @kbd{G R} from the group buffer to subscribe to a feed---you will be | |
16731 | prompted for the location, the title and the description of the feed. | |
16732 | The title, which allows any characters, will be used for the group name | |
16733 | and the name of the group data file. The description can be omitted. | |
16734 | ||
16735 | An easy way to get started with @code{nnrss} is to say something like | |
16736 | the following in the group buffer: @kbd{B nnrss RET RET y}, then | |
16737 | subscribe to groups. | |
16738 | ||
16739 | The @code{nnrss} back end saves the group data file in | |
16740 | @code{nnrss-directory} (see below) for each @code{nnrss} group. File | |
16741 | names containing non-@acronym{ASCII} characters will be encoded by the | |
16742 | coding system specified with the @code{nnmail-pathname-coding-system} | |
16743 | variable. If it is @code{nil}, in Emacs the coding system defaults to | |
16744 | the value of @code{default-file-name-coding-system}. If you are using | |
16745 | XEmacs and want to use non-@acronym{ASCII} group names, you should set | |
16746 | the value for the @code{nnmail-pathname-coding-system} variable properly. | |
16747 | ||
16748 | The @code{nnrss} back end generates @samp{multipart/alternative} | |
16749 | @acronym{MIME} articles in which each contains a @samp{text/plain} part | |
16750 | and a @samp{text/html} part. | |
16751 | ||
16752 | @cindex OPML | |
16753 | You can also use the following commands to import and export your | |
16754 | subscriptions from a file in @acronym{OPML} format (Outline Processor | |
16755 | Markup Language). | |
16756 | ||
16757 | @defun nnrss-opml-import file | |
16758 | Prompt for an @acronym{OPML} file, and subscribe to each feed in the | |
16759 | file. | |
16760 | @end defun | |
16761 | ||
16762 | @defun nnrss-opml-export | |
16763 | Write your current @acronym{RSS} subscriptions to a buffer in | |
16764 | @acronym{OPML} format. | |
16765 | @end defun | |
16766 | ||
16767 | The following @code{nnrss} variables can be altered: | |
16768 | ||
16769 | @table @code | |
16770 | @item nnrss-directory | |
16771 | @vindex nnrss-directory | |
16772 | The directory where @code{nnrss} stores its files. The default is | |
16773 | @file{~/News/rss/}. | |
16774 | ||
16775 | @item nnrss-file-coding-system | |
16776 | @vindex nnrss-file-coding-system | |
16777 | The coding system used when reading and writing the @code{nnrss} groups | |
16778 | data files. The default is the value of | |
16779 | @code{mm-universal-coding-system} (which defaults to @code{emacs-mule} | |
16780 | in Emacs or @code{escape-quoted} in XEmacs). | |
16781 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
16782 | @item nnrss-ignore-article-fields |
16783 | @vindex nnrss-ignore-article-fields | |
16784 | Some feeds update constantly article fields during their publications, | |
16785 | e.g. to indicate the number of comments. However, if there is | |
16786 | a difference between the local article and the distant one, the latter | |
16787 | is considered to be new. To avoid this and discard some fields, set this | |
16788 | variable to the list of fields to be ignored. The default is | |
16789 | @code{'(slash:comments)}. | |
16790 | ||
4009494e GM |
16791 | @item nnrss-use-local |
16792 | @vindex nnrss-use-local | |
16793 | @findex nnrss-generate-download-script | |
16794 | If you set @code{nnrss-use-local} to @code{t}, @code{nnrss} will read | |
16795 | the feeds from local files in @code{nnrss-directory}. You can use | |
16796 | the command @code{nnrss-generate-download-script} to generate a | |
16797 | download script using @command{wget}. | |
16798 | ||
16799 | @item nnrss-wash-html-in-text-plain-parts | |
16800 | Non-@code{nil} means that @code{nnrss} renders text in @samp{text/plain} | |
16801 | parts as @acronym{HTML}. The function specified by the | |
16802 | @code{mm-text-html-renderer} variable (@pxref{Display Customization, | |
16803 | ,Display Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME Manual}) will be used | |
16804 | to render text. If it is @code{nil}, which is the default, text will | |
16805 | simply be folded. Leave it @code{nil} if you prefer to see | |
16806 | @samp{text/html} parts. | |
16807 | @end table | |
16808 | ||
16809 | The following code may be helpful, if you want to show the description in | |
16810 | the summary buffer. | |
16811 | ||
16812 | @lisp | |
16813 | (add-to-list 'nnmail-extra-headers nnrss-description-field) | |
16814 | (setq gnus-summary-line-format "%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-15,15f%]%) %s%uX\n") | |
16815 | ||
16816 | (defun gnus-user-format-function-X (header) | |
16817 | (let ((descr | |
16818 | (assq nnrss-description-field (mail-header-extra header)))) | |
16819 | (if descr (concat "\n\t" (cdr descr)) ""))) | |
16820 | @end lisp | |
16821 | ||
16822 | The following code may be useful to open an nnrss url directly from the | |
16823 | summary buffer. | |
16824 | ||
16825 | @lisp | |
16826 | (require 'browse-url) | |
16827 | ||
01c52d31 | 16828 | (defun browse-nnrss-url (arg) |
4009494e GM |
16829 | (interactive "p") |
16830 | (let ((url (assq nnrss-url-field | |
16831 | (mail-header-extra | |
16832 | (gnus-data-header | |
16833 | (assq (gnus-summary-article-number) | |
16834 | gnus-newsgroup-data)))))) | |
16835 | (if url | |
16836 | (progn | |
16837 | (browse-url (cdr url)) | |
16838 | (gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward 1)) | |
16839 | (gnus-summary-scroll-up arg)))) | |
16840 | ||
16841 | (eval-after-load "gnus" | |
16842 | #'(define-key gnus-summary-mode-map | |
16843 | (kbd "<RET>") 'browse-nnrss-url)) | |
16844 | (add-to-list 'nnmail-extra-headers nnrss-url-field) | |
16845 | @end lisp | |
16846 | ||
16847 | Even if you have added @code{"text/html"} to the | |
16848 | @code{mm-discouraged-alternatives} variable (@pxref{Display | |
16849 | Customization, ,Display Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME | |
16850 | Manual}) since you don't want to see @acronym{HTML} parts, it might be | |
16851 | more useful especially in @code{nnrss} groups to display | |
16852 | @samp{text/html} parts. Here's an example of setting | |
16853 | @code{mm-discouraged-alternatives} as a group parameter (@pxref{Group | |
16854 | Parameters}) in order to display @samp{text/html} parts only in | |
16855 | @code{nnrss} groups: | |
16856 | ||
16857 | @lisp | |
16858 | ;; @r{Set the default value of @code{mm-discouraged-alternatives}.} | |
16859 | (eval-after-load "gnus-sum" | |
16860 | '(add-to-list | |
16861 | 'gnus-newsgroup-variables | |
16862 | '(mm-discouraged-alternatives | |
16863 | . '("text/html" "image/.*")))) | |
16864 | ||
16865 | ;; @r{Display @samp{text/html} parts in @code{nnrss} groups.} | |
16866 | (add-to-list | |
16867 | 'gnus-parameters | |
16868 | '("\\`nnrss:" (mm-discouraged-alternatives nil))) | |
16869 | @end lisp | |
16870 | ||
16871 | ||
16872 | @node Customizing W3 | |
16873 | @subsection Customizing W3 | |
16874 | @cindex W3 | |
16875 | @cindex html | |
16876 | @cindex url | |
16877 | @cindex Netscape | |
16878 | ||
16879 | Gnus uses the url library to fetch web pages and Emacs/W3 (or those | |
16880 | alternatives) to display web pages. Emacs/W3 is documented in its own | |
16881 | manual, but there are some things that may be more relevant for Gnus | |
16882 | users. | |
16883 | ||
16884 | For instance, a common question is how to make Emacs/W3 follow links | |
16885 | using the @code{browse-url} functions (which will call some external web | |
16886 | browser like Netscape). Here's one way: | |
16887 | ||
16888 | @lisp | |
16889 | (eval-after-load "w3" | |
16890 | '(progn | |
16891 | (fset 'w3-fetch-orig (symbol-function 'w3-fetch)) | |
16892 | (defun w3-fetch (&optional url target) | |
16893 | (interactive (list (w3-read-url-with-default))) | |
16894 | (if (eq major-mode 'gnus-article-mode) | |
16895 | (browse-url url) | |
16896 | (w3-fetch-orig url target))))) | |
16897 | @end lisp | |
16898 | ||
16899 | Put that in your @file{.emacs} file, and hitting links in W3-rendered | |
16900 | @acronym{HTML} in the Gnus article buffers will use @code{browse-url} to | |
16901 | follow the link. | |
16902 | ||
16903 | ||
16904 | @node IMAP | |
16905 | @section IMAP | |
16906 | @cindex nnimap | |
16907 | @cindex @acronym{IMAP} | |
16908 | ||
16909 | @acronym{IMAP} is a network protocol for reading mail (or news, or @dots{}), | |
16910 | think of it as a modernized @acronym{NNTP}. Connecting to a @acronym{IMAP} | |
16911 | server is much similar to connecting to a news server, you just | |
16912 | specify the network address of the server. | |
16913 | ||
16914 | @acronym{IMAP} has two properties. First, @acronym{IMAP} can do | |
16915 | everything that @acronym{POP} can, it can hence be viewed as a | |
16916 | @acronym{POP++}. Secondly, @acronym{IMAP} is a mail storage protocol, | |
16917 | similar to @acronym{NNTP} being a news storage protocol---however, | |
16918 | @acronym{IMAP} offers more features than @acronym{NNTP} because news | |
16919 | is more or less read-only whereas mail is read-write. | |
16920 | ||
16921 | If you want to use @acronym{IMAP} as a @acronym{POP++}, use an imap | |
16922 | entry in @code{mail-sources}. With this, Gnus will fetch mails from | |
16923 | the @acronym{IMAP} server and store them on the local disk. This is | |
16924 | not the usage described in this section---@xref{Mail Sources}. | |
16925 | ||
16926 | If you want to use @acronym{IMAP} as a mail storage protocol, use an nnimap | |
16927 | entry in @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods}. With this, Gnus will | |
16928 | manipulate mails stored on the @acronym{IMAP} server. This is the kind of | |
16929 | usage explained in this section. | |
16930 | ||
16931 | A server configuration in @file{~/.gnus.el} with a few @acronym{IMAP} | |
16932 | servers might look something like the following. (Note that for | |
16933 | @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL}, you need external programs and libraries, | |
16934 | see below.) | |
16935 | ||
16936 | @lisp | |
16937 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
16938 | '((nnimap "simpleserver") ; @r{no special configuration} | |
16939 | ; @r{perhaps a ssh port forwarded server:} | |
16940 | (nnimap "dolk" | |
16941 | (nnimap-address "localhost") | |
16942 | (nnimap-server-port 1430)) | |
16943 | ; @r{a UW server running on localhost} | |
16944 | (nnimap "barbar" | |
16945 | (nnimap-server-port 143) | |
16946 | (nnimap-address "localhost") | |
16947 | (nnimap-list-pattern ("INBOX" "mail/*"))) | |
16948 | ; @r{anonymous public cyrus server:} | |
16949 | (nnimap "cyrus.andrew.cmu.edu" | |
16950 | (nnimap-authenticator anonymous) | |
16951 | (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*") | |
16952 | (nnimap-stream network)) | |
16953 | ; @r{a ssl server on a non-standard port:} | |
16954 | (nnimap "vic20" | |
16955 | (nnimap-address "vic20.somewhere.com") | |
16956 | (nnimap-server-port 9930) | |
16957 | (nnimap-stream ssl)))) | |
16958 | @end lisp | |
16959 | ||
16960 | After defining the new server, you can subscribe to groups on the | |
16961 | server using normal Gnus commands such as @kbd{U} in the Group Buffer | |
16962 | (@pxref{Subscription Commands}) or via the Server Buffer | |
16963 | (@pxref{Server Buffer}). | |
16964 | ||
16965 | The following variables can be used to create a virtual @code{nnimap} | |
16966 | server: | |
16967 | ||
16968 | @table @code | |
16969 | ||
16970 | @item nnimap-address | |
16971 | @vindex nnimap-address | |
16972 | ||
16973 | The address of the remote @acronym{IMAP} server. Defaults to the virtual | |
16974 | server name if not specified. | |
16975 | ||
16976 | @item nnimap-server-port | |
16977 | @vindex nnimap-server-port | |
16978 | Port on server to contact. Defaults to port 143, or 993 for @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL}. | |
16979 | ||
16980 | Note that this should be an integer, example server specification: | |
16981 | ||
16982 | @lisp | |
16983 | (nnimap "mail.server.com" | |
16984 | (nnimap-server-port 4711)) | |
16985 | @end lisp | |
16986 | ||
16987 | @item nnimap-list-pattern | |
16988 | @vindex nnimap-list-pattern | |
16989 | String or list of strings of mailboxes to limit available groups to. | |
16990 | This is used when the server has very many mailboxes and you're only | |
16991 | interested in a few---some servers export your home directory via | |
16992 | @acronym{IMAP}, you'll probably want to limit the mailboxes to those in | |
16993 | @file{~/Mail/*} then. | |
16994 | ||
16995 | The string can also be a cons of REFERENCE and the string as above, what | |
16996 | REFERENCE is used for is server specific, but on the University of | |
16997 | Washington server it's a directory that will be concatenated with the | |
16998 | mailbox. | |
16999 | ||
17000 | Example server specification: | |
17001 | ||
17002 | @lisp | |
17003 | (nnimap "mail.server.com" | |
17004 | (nnimap-list-pattern ("INBOX" "Mail/*" "alt.sex.*" | |
17005 | ("~friend/Mail/" . "list/*")))) | |
17006 | @end lisp | |
17007 | ||
17008 | @item nnimap-stream | |
17009 | @vindex nnimap-stream | |
17010 | The type of stream used to connect to your server. By default, nnimap | |
17011 | will detect and automatically use all of the below, with the exception | |
17012 | of @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL}. (@acronym{IMAP} over | |
17013 | @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL} is being replaced by STARTTLS, which can | |
17014 | be automatically detected, but it's not widely deployed yet.) | |
17015 | ||
17016 | Example server specification: | |
17017 | ||
17018 | @lisp | |
17019 | (nnimap "mail.server.com" | |
17020 | (nnimap-stream ssl)) | |
17021 | @end lisp | |
17022 | ||
17023 | Please note that the value of @code{nnimap-stream} is a symbol! | |
17024 | ||
17025 | @itemize @bullet | |
17026 | @item | |
17027 | @dfn{gssapi:} Connect with GSSAPI (usually Kerberos 5). Requires the | |
17028 | @samp{gsasl} or @samp{imtest} program. | |
17029 | @item | |
17030 | @dfn{kerberos4:} Connect with Kerberos 4. Requires the @samp{imtest} program. | |
17031 | @item | |
17032 | @dfn{starttls:} Connect via the STARTTLS extension (similar to | |
17033 | @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL}). Requires the external library @samp{starttls.el} and program | |
17034 | @samp{starttls}. | |
17035 | @item | |
17036 | @dfn{tls:} Connect through @acronym{TLS}. Requires GNUTLS (the program | |
17037 | @samp{gnutls-cli}). | |
17038 | @item | |
17039 | @dfn{ssl:} Connect through @acronym{SSL}. Requires OpenSSL (the program | |
17040 | @samp{openssl}) or SSLeay (@samp{s_client}). | |
17041 | @item | |
17042 | @dfn{shell:} Use a shell command to start @acronym{IMAP} connection. | |
17043 | @item | |
17044 | @dfn{network:} Plain, TCP/IP network connection. | |
17045 | @end itemize | |
17046 | ||
17047 | @vindex imap-kerberos4-program | |
17048 | The @samp{imtest} program is shipped with Cyrus IMAPD. If you're | |
17049 | using @samp{imtest} from Cyrus IMAPD < 2.0.14 (which includes version | |
17050 | 1.5.x and 1.6.x) you need to frob @code{imap-process-connection-type} | |
17051 | to make @code{imap.el} use a pty instead of a pipe when communicating | |
17052 | with @samp{imtest}. You will then suffer from a line length | |
17053 | restrictions on @acronym{IMAP} commands, which might make Gnus seem to hang | |
17054 | indefinitely if you have many articles in a mailbox. The variable | |
17055 | @code{imap-kerberos4-program} contain parameters to pass to the imtest | |
17056 | program. | |
17057 | ||
17058 | For @acronym{TLS} connection, the @code{gnutls-cli} program from GNUTLS is | |
17059 | needed. It is available from | |
17060 | @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/}. | |
17061 | ||
17062 | @vindex imap-gssapi-program | |
17063 | This parameter specifies a list of command lines that invoke a GSSAPI | |
17064 | authenticated @acronym{IMAP} stream in a subshell. They are tried | |
17065 | sequentially until a connection is made, or the list has been | |
17066 | exhausted. By default, @samp{gsasl} from GNU SASL, available from | |
17067 | @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gsasl/}, and the @samp{imtest} | |
17068 | program from Cyrus IMAPD (see @code{imap-kerberos4-program}), are | |
17069 | tried. | |
17070 | ||
17071 | @vindex imap-ssl-program | |
17072 | For @acronym{SSL} connections, the OpenSSL program is available from | |
17073 | @uref{http://www.openssl.org/}. OpenSSL was formerly known as SSLeay, | |
17074 | and nnimap support it too---although the most recent versions of | |
17075 | SSLeay, 0.9.x, are known to have serious bugs making it | |
17076 | useless. Earlier versions, especially 0.8.x, of SSLeay are known to | |
17077 | work. The variable @code{imap-ssl-program} contain parameters to pass | |
17078 | to OpenSSL/SSLeay. | |
17079 | ||
17080 | @vindex imap-shell-program | |
17081 | @vindex imap-shell-host | |
01c52d31 MB |
17082 | For @acronym{IMAP} connections using the @code{shell} stream, the |
17083 | variable @code{imap-shell-program} specify what program to call. Make | |
17084 | sure nothing is interfering with the output of the program, e.g., don't | |
17085 | forget to redirect the error output to the void. | |
4009494e GM |
17086 | |
17087 | @item nnimap-authenticator | |
17088 | @vindex nnimap-authenticator | |
17089 | ||
17090 | The authenticator used to connect to the server. By default, nnimap | |
17091 | will use the most secure authenticator your server is capable of. | |
17092 | ||
17093 | Example server specification: | |
17094 | ||
17095 | @lisp | |
17096 | (nnimap "mail.server.com" | |
17097 | (nnimap-authenticator anonymous)) | |
17098 | @end lisp | |
17099 | ||
17100 | Please note that the value of @code{nnimap-authenticator} is a symbol! | |
17101 | ||
17102 | @itemize @bullet | |
17103 | @item | |
17104 | @dfn{gssapi:} GSSAPI (usually kerberos 5) authentication. Requires | |
17105 | external program @code{gsasl} or @code{imtest}. | |
17106 | @item | |
17107 | @dfn{kerberos4:} Kerberos 4 authentication. Requires external program | |
17108 | @code{imtest}. | |
17109 | @item | |
17110 | @dfn{digest-md5:} Encrypted username/password via DIGEST-MD5. Requires | |
17111 | external library @code{digest-md5.el}. | |
17112 | @item | |
17113 | @dfn{cram-md5:} Encrypted username/password via CRAM-MD5. | |
17114 | @item | |
17115 | @dfn{login:} Plain-text username/password via LOGIN. | |
17116 | @item | |
17117 | @dfn{anonymous:} Login as ``anonymous'', supplying your email address as password. | |
17118 | @end itemize | |
17119 | ||
17120 | @item nnimap-expunge-on-close | |
17121 | @cindex expunging | |
17122 | @vindex nnimap-expunge-on-close | |
17123 | Unlike Parmenides the @acronym{IMAP} designers have decided things that | |
17124 | don't exist actually do exist. More specifically, @acronym{IMAP} has | |
17125 | this concept of marking articles @code{Deleted} which doesn't actually | |
17126 | delete them, and this (marking them @code{Deleted}, that is) is what | |
17127 | nnimap does when you delete an article in Gnus (with @kbd{B DEL} or | |
17128 | similar). | |
17129 | ||
17130 | Since the articles aren't really removed when we mark them with the | |
17131 | @code{Deleted} flag we'll need a way to actually delete them. Feel like | |
17132 | running in circles yet? | |
17133 | ||
17134 | Traditionally, nnimap has removed all articles marked as @code{Deleted} | |
17135 | when closing a mailbox but this is now configurable by this server | |
17136 | variable. | |
17137 | ||
17138 | The possible options are: | |
17139 | ||
17140 | @table @code | |
17141 | ||
17142 | @item always | |
17143 | The default behavior, delete all articles marked as ``Deleted'' when | |
17144 | closing a mailbox. | |
17145 | @item never | |
17146 | Never actually delete articles. Currently there is no way of showing | |
17147 | the articles marked for deletion in nnimap, but other @acronym{IMAP} clients | |
17148 | may allow you to do this. If you ever want to run the EXPUNGE command | |
17149 | manually, @xref{Expunging mailboxes}. | |
17150 | @item ask | |
17151 | When closing mailboxes, nnimap will ask if you wish to expunge deleted | |
17152 | articles or not. | |
17153 | ||
17154 | @end table | |
17155 | ||
17156 | @item nnimap-importantize-dormant | |
17157 | @vindex nnimap-importantize-dormant | |
17158 | ||
17159 | If non-@code{nil} (the default), marks dormant articles as ticked (as | |
17160 | well), for other @acronym{IMAP} clients. Within Gnus, dormant articles will | |
17161 | naturally still (only) be marked as dormant. This is to make dormant | |
17162 | articles stand out, just like ticked articles, in other @acronym{IMAP} | |
17163 | clients. (In other words, Gnus has two ``Tick'' marks and @acronym{IMAP} | |
17164 | has only one.) | |
17165 | ||
17166 | Probably the only reason for frobbing this would be if you're trying | |
17167 | enable per-user persistent dormant flags, using something like: | |
17168 | ||
17169 | @lisp | |
17170 | (setcdr (assq 'dormant nnimap-mark-to-flag-alist) | |
17171 | (format "gnus-dormant-%s" (user-login-name))) | |
17172 | (setcdr (assq 'dormant nnimap-mark-to-predicate-alist) | |
17173 | (format "KEYWORD gnus-dormant-%s" (user-login-name))) | |
17174 | @end lisp | |
17175 | ||
17176 | In this case, you would not want the per-user dormant flag showing up | |
17177 | as ticked for other users. | |
17178 | ||
17179 | @item nnimap-expunge-search-string | |
17180 | @cindex expunging | |
17181 | @vindex nnimap-expunge-search-string | |
17182 | @cindex expiring @acronym{IMAP} mail | |
17183 | ||
17184 | This variable contain the @acronym{IMAP} search command sent to server when | |
17185 | searching for articles eligible for expiring. The default is | |
17186 | @code{"UID %s NOT SINCE %s"}, where the first @code{%s} is replaced by | |
17187 | UID set and the second @code{%s} is replaced by a date. | |
17188 | ||
17189 | Probably the only useful value to change this to is | |
17190 | @code{"UID %s NOT SENTSINCE %s"}, which makes nnimap use the Date: in | |
17191 | messages instead of the internal article date. See section 6.4.4 of | |
17192 | RFC 2060 for more information on valid strings. | |
17193 | ||
17194 | However, if @code{nnimap-search-uids-not-since-is-evil} | |
17195 | is true, this variable has no effect since the search logic | |
17196 | is reversed, as described below. | |
17197 | ||
17198 | @item nnimap-authinfo-file | |
17199 | @vindex nnimap-authinfo-file | |
17200 | ||
17201 | A file containing credentials used to log in on servers. The format is | |
17202 | (almost) the same as the @code{ftp} @file{~/.netrc} file. See the | |
17203 | variable @code{nntp-authinfo-file} for exact syntax; also see | |
17204 | @ref{NNTP}. An example of an .authinfo line for an IMAP server, is: | |
17205 | ||
17206 | @example | |
17207 | machine students.uio.no login larsi password geheimnis port imap | |
17208 | @end example | |
17209 | ||
17210 | Note that it should be @code{port imap}, or @code{port 143}, if you | |
17211 | use a @code{nnimap-stream} of @code{tls} or @code{ssl}, even if the | |
17212 | actual port number used is port 993 for secured IMAP. For | |
17213 | convenience, Gnus will accept @code{port imaps} as a synonym of | |
17214 | @code{port imap}. | |
17215 | ||
17216 | @item nnimap-need-unselect-to-notice-new-mail | |
17217 | @vindex nnimap-need-unselect-to-notice-new-mail | |
17218 | ||
17219 | Unselect mailboxes before looking for new mail in them. Some servers | |
17220 | seem to need this under some circumstances; it was reported that | |
17221 | Courier 1.7.1 did. | |
17222 | ||
17223 | @item nnimap-nov-is-evil | |
17224 | @vindex nnimap-nov-is-evil | |
17225 | @cindex Courier @acronym{IMAP} server | |
17226 | @cindex @acronym{NOV} | |
17227 | ||
17228 | Never generate or use a local @acronym{NOV} database. Defaults to the | |
17229 | value of @code{gnus-agent}. | |
17230 | ||
17231 | Using a @acronym{NOV} database usually makes header fetching much | |
17232 | faster, but it uses the @code{UID SEARCH UID} command, which is very | |
17233 | slow on some servers (notably some versions of Courier). Since the Gnus | |
17234 | Agent caches the information in the @acronym{NOV} database without using | |
17235 | the slow command, this variable defaults to true if the Agent is in use, | |
17236 | and false otherwise. | |
17237 | ||
17238 | @item nnimap-search-uids-not-since-is-evil | |
17239 | @vindex nnimap-search-uids-not-since-is-evil | |
17240 | @cindex Courier @acronym{IMAP} server | |
17241 | @cindex expiring @acronym{IMAP} mail | |
17242 | ||
17243 | Avoid the @code{UID SEARCH UID @var{message numbers} NOT SINCE | |
17244 | @var{date}} command, which is slow on some @acronym{IMAP} servers | |
17245 | (notably, some versions of Courier). Instead, use @code{UID SEARCH SINCE | |
17246 | @var{date}} and prune the list of expirable articles within Gnus. | |
17247 | ||
17248 | When Gnus expires your mail (@pxref{Expiring Mail}), it starts with a | |
17249 | list of expirable articles and asks the IMAP server questions like ``Of | |
17250 | these articles, which ones are older than a week?'' While this seems | |
17251 | like a perfectly reasonable question, some IMAP servers take a long time | |
17252 | to answer it, since they seemingly go looking into every old article to | |
17253 | see if it is one of the expirable ones. Curiously, the question ``Of | |
17254 | @emph{all} articles, which ones are newer than a week?'' seems to be | |
17255 | much faster to answer, so setting this variable causes Gnus to ask this | |
17256 | question and figure out the answer to the real question itself. | |
17257 | ||
17258 | This problem can really sneak up on you: when you first configure Gnus, | |
17259 | everything works fine, but once you accumulate a couple thousand | |
17260 | messages, you start cursing Gnus for being so slow. On the other hand, | |
17261 | if you get a lot of email within a week, setting this variable will | |
17262 | cause a lot of network traffic between Gnus and the IMAP server. | |
17263 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
17264 | @item nnimap-logout-timeout |
17265 | @vindex nnimap-logout-timeout | |
17266 | ||
17267 | There is a case where a connection to a @acronym{IMAP} server is unable | |
17268 | to close, when connecting to the server via a certain kind of network, | |
17269 | e.g. @acronym{VPN}. In that case, it will be observed that a connection | |
17270 | between Emacs and the local network looks alive even if the server has | |
17271 | closed a connection for some reason (typically, a timeout). | |
17272 | Consequently, Emacs continues waiting for a response from the server for | |
17273 | the @code{LOGOUT} command that Emacs sent, or hangs in other words. If | |
17274 | you are in such a network, setting this variable to a number of seconds | |
17275 | will be helpful. If it is set, a hung connection will be closed | |
17276 | forcibly, after this number of seconds from the time Emacs sends the | |
17277 | @code{LOGOUT} command. It should not be too small value but too large | |
17278 | value will be inconvenient too. Perhaps the value 1.0 will be a good | |
17279 | candidate but it might be worth trying some other values. | |
17280 | ||
17281 | Example server specification: | |
17282 | ||
17283 | @lisp | |
17284 | (nnimap "mail.server.com" | |
17285 | (nnimap-logout-timeout 1.0)) | |
17286 | @end lisp | |
17287 | ||
4009494e GM |
17288 | @end table |
17289 | ||
17290 | @menu | |
17291 | * Splitting in IMAP:: Splitting mail with nnimap. | |
17292 | * Expiring in IMAP:: Expiring mail with nnimap. | |
17293 | * Editing IMAP ACLs:: Limiting/enabling other users access to a mailbox. | |
17294 | * Expunging mailboxes:: Equivalent of a ``compress mailbox'' button. | |
17295 | * A note on namespaces:: How to (not) use @acronym{IMAP} namespace in Gnus. | |
17296 | * Debugging IMAP:: What to do when things don't work. | |
17297 | @end menu | |
17298 | ||
17299 | ||
17300 | ||
17301 | @node Splitting in IMAP | |
17302 | @subsection Splitting in IMAP | |
17303 | @cindex splitting imap mail | |
17304 | ||
17305 | Splitting is something Gnus users have loved and used for years, and now | |
17306 | the rest of the world is catching up. Yeah, dream on, not many | |
17307 | @acronym{IMAP} servers have server side splitting and those that have | |
17308 | splitting seem to use some non-standard protocol. This means that | |
17309 | @acronym{IMAP} support for Gnus has to do its own splitting. | |
17310 | ||
17311 | And it does. | |
17312 | ||
17313 | (Incidentally, people seem to have been dreaming on, and Sieve has | |
17314 | gaining a market share and is supported by several IMAP servers. | |
17315 | Fortunately, Gnus support it too, @xref{Sieve Commands}.) | |
17316 | ||
17317 | Here are the variables of interest: | |
17318 | ||
17319 | @table @code | |
17320 | ||
17321 | @item nnimap-split-crosspost | |
17322 | @cindex splitting, crosspost | |
17323 | @cindex crosspost | |
17324 | @vindex nnimap-split-crosspost | |
17325 | ||
17326 | If non-@code{nil}, do crossposting if several split methods match the | |
17327 | mail. If @code{nil}, the first match in @code{nnimap-split-rule} | |
17328 | found will be used. | |
17329 | ||
17330 | Nnmail equivalent: @code{nnmail-crosspost}. | |
17331 | ||
17332 | @item nnimap-split-inbox | |
17333 | @cindex splitting, inbox | |
17334 | @cindex inbox | |
17335 | @vindex nnimap-split-inbox | |
17336 | ||
17337 | A string or a list of strings that gives the name(s) of @acronym{IMAP} | |
17338 | mailboxes to split from. Defaults to @code{nil}, which means that | |
17339 | splitting is disabled! | |
17340 | ||
17341 | @lisp | |
17342 | (setq nnimap-split-inbox | |
17343 | '("INBOX" ("~/friend/Mail" . "lists/*") "lists.imap")) | |
17344 | @end lisp | |
17345 | ||
17346 | No nnmail equivalent. | |
17347 | ||
17348 | @item nnimap-split-rule | |
17349 | @cindex splitting, rules | |
17350 | @vindex nnimap-split-rule | |
17351 | ||
17352 | New mail found in @code{nnimap-split-inbox} will be split according to | |
17353 | this variable. | |
17354 | ||
17355 | This variable contains a list of lists, where the first element in the | |
17356 | sublist gives the name of the @acronym{IMAP} mailbox to move articles | |
17357 | matching the regexp in the second element in the sublist. Got that? | |
17358 | Neither did I, we need examples. | |
17359 | ||
17360 | @lisp | |
17361 | (setq nnimap-split-rule | |
17362 | '(("INBOX.nnimap" | |
17363 | "^Sender: owner-nnimap@@vic20.globalcom.se") | |
17364 | ("INBOX.junk" "^Subject:.*MAKE MONEY") | |
17365 | ("INBOX.private" ""))) | |
17366 | @end lisp | |
17367 | ||
17368 | This will put all articles from the nnimap mailing list into mailbox | |
17369 | INBOX.nnimap, all articles containing MAKE MONEY in the Subject: line | |
17370 | into INBOX.junk and everything else in INBOX.private. | |
17371 | ||
17372 | The first string may contain @samp{\\1} forms, like the ones used by | |
17373 | replace-match to insert sub-expressions from the matched text. For | |
17374 | instance: | |
17375 | ||
17376 | @lisp | |
17377 | ("INBOX.lists.\\1" "^Sender: owner-\\([a-z-]+\\)@@") | |
17378 | @end lisp | |
17379 | ||
17380 | The first element can also be the symbol @code{junk} to indicate that | |
17381 | matching messages should simply be deleted. Use with care. | |
17382 | ||
17383 | The second element can also be a function. In that case, it will be | |
17384 | called with the first element of the rule as the argument, in a buffer | |
17385 | containing the headers of the article. It should return a | |
17386 | non-@code{nil} value if it thinks that the mail belongs in that group. | |
17387 | ||
17388 | Nnmail users might recollect that the last regexp had to be empty to | |
17389 | match all articles (like in the example above). This is not required in | |
17390 | nnimap. Articles not matching any of the regexps will not be moved out | |
17391 | of your inbox. (This might affect performance if you keep lots of | |
17392 | unread articles in your inbox, since the splitting code would go over | |
17393 | them every time you fetch new mail.) | |
17394 | ||
17395 | These rules are processed from the beginning of the alist toward the | |
17396 | end. The first rule to make a match will ``win'', unless you have | |
17397 | crossposting enabled. In that case, all matching rules will ``win''. | |
17398 | ||
17399 | This variable can also have a function as its value, the function will | |
17400 | be called with the headers narrowed and should return a group where it | |
17401 | thinks the article should be split to. See @code{nnimap-split-fancy}. | |
17402 | ||
17403 | The splitting code tries to create mailboxes if it needs to. | |
17404 | ||
17405 | To allow for different split rules on different virtual servers, and | |
17406 | even different split rules in different inboxes on the same server, | |
17407 | the syntax of this variable have been extended along the lines of: | |
17408 | ||
17409 | @lisp | |
17410 | (setq nnimap-split-rule | |
17411 | '(("my1server" (".*" (("ding" "ding@@gnus.org") | |
17412 | ("junk" "From:.*Simon")))) | |
17413 | ("my2server" ("INBOX" nnimap-split-fancy)) | |
17414 | ("my[34]server" (".*" (("private" "To:.*Simon") | |
17415 | ("junk" my-junk-func)))))) | |
17416 | @end lisp | |
17417 | ||
17418 | The virtual server name is in fact a regexp, so that the same rules | |
17419 | may apply to several servers. In the example, the servers | |
17420 | @code{my3server} and @code{my4server} both use the same rules. | |
17421 | Similarly, the inbox string is also a regexp. The actual splitting | |
17422 | rules are as before, either a function, or a list with group/regexp or | |
17423 | group/function elements. | |
17424 | ||
17425 | Nnmail equivalent: @code{nnmail-split-methods}. | |
17426 | ||
17427 | @item nnimap-split-predicate | |
17428 | @cindex splitting | |
17429 | @vindex nnimap-split-predicate | |
17430 | ||
17431 | Mail matching this predicate in @code{nnimap-split-inbox} will be | |
17432 | split, it is a string and the default is @samp{UNSEEN UNDELETED}. | |
17433 | ||
17434 | This might be useful if you use another @acronym{IMAP} client to read mail in | |
17435 | your inbox but would like Gnus to split all articles in the inbox | |
17436 | regardless of readedness. Then you might change this to | |
17437 | @samp{UNDELETED}. | |
17438 | ||
17439 | @item nnimap-split-fancy | |
17440 | @cindex splitting, fancy | |
17441 | @findex nnimap-split-fancy | |
17442 | @vindex nnimap-split-fancy | |
17443 | ||
17444 | It's possible to set @code{nnimap-split-rule} to | |
17445 | @code{nnmail-split-fancy} if you want to use fancy | |
17446 | splitting. @xref{Fancy Mail Splitting}. | |
17447 | ||
17448 | However, to be able to have different fancy split rules for nnmail and | |
17449 | nnimap back ends you can set @code{nnimap-split-rule} to | |
17450 | @code{nnimap-split-fancy} and define the nnimap specific fancy split | |
17451 | rule in @code{nnimap-split-fancy}. | |
17452 | ||
17453 | Example: | |
17454 | ||
17455 | @lisp | |
17456 | (setq nnimap-split-rule 'nnimap-split-fancy | |
17457 | nnimap-split-fancy ...) | |
17458 | @end lisp | |
17459 | ||
17460 | Nnmail equivalent: @code{nnmail-split-fancy}. | |
17461 | ||
17462 | @item nnimap-split-download-body | |
17463 | @findex nnimap-split-download-body | |
17464 | @vindex nnimap-split-download-body | |
17465 | ||
17466 | Set to non-@code{nil} to download entire articles during splitting. | |
17467 | This is generally not required, and will slow things down | |
17468 | considerably. You may need it if you want to use an advanced | |
17469 | splitting function that analyzes the body to split the article. | |
17470 | ||
17471 | @end table | |
17472 | ||
17473 | @node Expiring in IMAP | |
17474 | @subsection Expiring in IMAP | |
17475 | @cindex expiring @acronym{IMAP} mail | |
17476 | ||
17477 | Even though @code{nnimap} is not a proper @code{nnmail} derived back | |
17478 | end, it supports most features in regular expiring (@pxref{Expiring | |
17479 | Mail}). Unlike splitting in @acronym{IMAP} (@pxref{Splitting in | |
17480 | IMAP}) it does not clone the @code{nnmail} variables (i.e., creating | |
17481 | @var{nnimap-expiry-wait}) but reuse the @code{nnmail} variables. What | |
17482 | follows below are the variables used by the @code{nnimap} expiry | |
17483 | process. | |
17484 | ||
17485 | A note on how the expire mark is stored on the @acronym{IMAP} server is | |
17486 | appropriate here as well. The expire mark is translated into a | |
17487 | @code{imap} client specific mark, @code{gnus-expire}, and stored on the | |
17488 | message. This means that likely only Gnus will understand and treat | |
17489 | the @code{gnus-expire} mark properly, although other clients may allow | |
17490 | you to view client specific flags on the message. It also means that | |
17491 | your server must support permanent storage of client specific flags on | |
17492 | messages. Most do, fortunately. | |
17493 | ||
17494 | If expiring @acronym{IMAP} mail seems very slow, try setting the server | |
17495 | variable @code{nnimap-search-uids-not-since-is-evil}. | |
17496 | ||
17497 | @table @code | |
17498 | ||
17499 | @item nnmail-expiry-wait | |
17500 | @item nnmail-expiry-wait-function | |
17501 | ||
17502 | These variables are fully supported. The expire value can be a | |
17503 | number, the symbol @code{immediate} or @code{never}. | |
17504 | ||
17505 | @item nnmail-expiry-target | |
17506 | ||
17507 | This variable is supported, and internally implemented by calling the | |
17508 | @code{nnmail} functions that handle this. It contains an optimization | |
17509 | that if the destination is a @acronym{IMAP} group on the same server, the | |
17510 | article is copied instead of appended (that is, uploaded again). | |
17511 | ||
17512 | @end table | |
17513 | ||
17514 | @node Editing IMAP ACLs | |
17515 | @subsection Editing IMAP ACLs | |
17516 | @cindex editing imap acls | |
17517 | @cindex Access Control Lists | |
17518 | @cindex Editing @acronym{IMAP} ACLs | |
17519 | @kindex G l (Group) | |
17520 | @findex gnus-group-nnimap-edit-acl | |
17521 | ||
17522 | ACL stands for Access Control List. ACLs are used in @acronym{IMAP} for | |
17523 | limiting (or enabling) other users access to your mail boxes. Not all | |
17524 | @acronym{IMAP} servers support this, this function will give an error if it | |
17525 | doesn't. | |
17526 | ||
17527 | To edit an ACL for a mailbox, type @kbd{G l} | |
17528 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-nnimap-acl}) and you'll be presented with an ACL | |
17529 | editing window with detailed instructions. | |
17530 | ||
17531 | Some possible uses: | |
17532 | ||
17533 | @itemize @bullet | |
17534 | @item | |
17535 | Giving ``anyone'' the ``lrs'' rights (lookup, read, keep seen/unseen flags) | |
17536 | on your mailing list mailboxes enables other users on the same server to | |
17537 | follow the list without subscribing to it. | |
17538 | @item | |
17539 | At least with the Cyrus server, you are required to give the user | |
17540 | ``anyone'' posting ("p") capabilities to have ``plussing'' work (that is, | |
17541 | mail sent to user+mailbox@@domain ending up in the @acronym{IMAP} mailbox | |
17542 | INBOX.mailbox). | |
17543 | @end itemize | |
17544 | ||
17545 | @node Expunging mailboxes | |
17546 | @subsection Expunging mailboxes | |
17547 | @cindex expunging | |
17548 | ||
17549 | @cindex expunge | |
17550 | @cindex manual expunging | |
17551 | @kindex G x (Group) | |
17552 | @findex gnus-group-nnimap-expunge | |
17553 | ||
17554 | If you're using the @code{never} setting of @code{nnimap-expunge-on-close}, | |
17555 | you may want the option of expunging all deleted articles in a mailbox | |
17556 | manually. This is exactly what @kbd{G x} does. | |
17557 | ||
17558 | Currently there is no way of showing deleted articles, you can just | |
17559 | delete them. | |
17560 | ||
17561 | @node A note on namespaces | |
17562 | @subsection A note on namespaces | |
17563 | @cindex IMAP namespace | |
17564 | @cindex namespaces | |
17565 | ||
17566 | The @acronym{IMAP} protocol has a concept called namespaces, described | |
17567 | by the following text in the RFC2060: | |
17568 | ||
17569 | @display | |
17570 | 5.1.2. Mailbox Namespace Naming Convention | |
17571 | ||
17572 | By convention, the first hierarchical element of any mailbox name | |
17573 | which begins with "#" identifies the "namespace" of the remainder of | |
17574 | the name. This makes it possible to disambiguate between different | |
17575 | types of mailbox stores, each of which have their own namespaces. | |
17576 | ||
17577 | For example, implementations which offer access to USENET | |
17578 | newsgroups MAY use the "#news" namespace to partition the USENET | |
17579 | newsgroup namespace from that of other mailboxes. Thus, the | |
17580 | comp.mail.misc newsgroup would have an mailbox name of | |
17581 | "#news.comp.mail.misc", and the name "comp.mail.misc" could refer | |
17582 | to a different object (e.g. a user's private mailbox). | |
17583 | @end display | |
17584 | ||
17585 | While there is nothing in this text that warrants concern for the | |
17586 | @acronym{IMAP} implementation in Gnus, some servers use namespace | |
17587 | prefixes in a way that does not work with how Gnus uses mailbox names. | |
17588 | ||
17589 | Specifically, University of Washington's @acronym{IMAP} server uses | |
17590 | mailbox names like @code{#driver.mbx/read-mail} which are valid only | |
17591 | in the @sc{create} and @sc{append} commands. After the mailbox is | |
17592 | created (or a messages is appended to a mailbox), it must be accessed | |
17593 | without the namespace prefix, i.e. @code{read-mail}. Since Gnus do | |
17594 | not make it possible for the user to guarantee that user entered | |
17595 | mailbox names will only be used with the CREATE and APPEND commands, | |
17596 | you should simply not use the namespace prefixed mailbox names in | |
17597 | Gnus. | |
17598 | ||
17599 | See the UoW IMAPD documentation for the @code{#driver.*/} prefix | |
17600 | for more information on how to use the prefixes. They are a power | |
17601 | tool and should be used only if you are sure what the effects are. | |
17602 | ||
17603 | @node Debugging IMAP | |
17604 | @subsection Debugging IMAP | |
17605 | @cindex IMAP debugging | |
17606 | @cindex protocol dump (IMAP) | |
17607 | ||
17608 | @acronym{IMAP} is a complex protocol, more so than @acronym{NNTP} or | |
17609 | @acronym{POP3}. Implementation bugs are not unlikely, and we do our | |
17610 | best to fix them right away. If you encounter odd behavior, chances | |
17611 | are that either the server or Gnus is buggy. | |
17612 | ||
17613 | If you are familiar with network protocols in general, you will | |
17614 | probably be able to extract some clues from the protocol dump of the | |
17615 | exchanges between Gnus and the server. Even if you are not familiar | |
17616 | with network protocols, when you include the protocol dump in | |
17617 | @acronym{IMAP}-related bug reports you are helping us with data | |
17618 | critical to solving the problem. Therefore, we strongly encourage you | |
17619 | to include the protocol dump when reporting IMAP bugs in Gnus. | |
17620 | ||
17621 | ||
17622 | @vindex imap-log | |
17623 | Because the protocol dump, when enabled, generates lots of data, it is | |
17624 | disabled by default. You can enable it by setting @code{imap-log} as | |
17625 | follows: | |
17626 | ||
17627 | @lisp | |
17628 | (setq imap-log t) | |
17629 | @end lisp | |
17630 | ||
17631 | This instructs the @code{imap.el} package to log any exchanges with | |
17632 | the server. The log is stored in the buffer @samp{*imap-log*}. Look | |
17633 | for error messages, which sometimes are tagged with the keyword | |
17634 | @code{BAD}---but when submitting a bug, make sure to include all the | |
17635 | data. | |
17636 | ||
17637 | @node Other Sources | |
17638 | @section Other Sources | |
17639 | ||
17640 | Gnus can do more than just read news or mail. The methods described | |
17641 | below allow Gnus to view directories and files as if they were | |
17642 | newsgroups. | |
17643 | ||
17644 | @menu | |
17645 | * Directory Groups:: You can read a directory as if it was a newsgroup. | |
17646 | * Anything Groups:: Dired? Who needs dired? | |
17647 | * Document Groups:: Single files can be the basis of a group. | |
17648 | * SOUP:: Reading @sc{soup} packets ``offline''. | |
17649 | * Mail-To-News Gateways:: Posting articles via mail-to-news gateways. | |
17650 | @end menu | |
17651 | ||
17652 | ||
17653 | @node Directory Groups | |
17654 | @subsection Directory Groups | |
17655 | @cindex nndir | |
17656 | @cindex directory groups | |
17657 | ||
17658 | If you have a directory that has lots of articles in separate files in | |
17659 | it, you might treat it as a newsgroup. The files have to have numerical | |
17660 | names, of course. | |
17661 | ||
17662 | This might be an opportune moment to mention @code{ange-ftp} (and its | |
17663 | successor @code{efs}), that most wonderful of all wonderful Emacs | |
17664 | packages. When I wrote @code{nndir}, I didn't think much about it---a | |
17665 | back end to read directories. Big deal. | |
17666 | ||
17667 | @code{ange-ftp} changes that picture dramatically. For instance, if you | |
17668 | enter the @code{ange-ftp} file name | |
17669 | @file{/ftp.hpc.uh.edu:/pub/emacs/ding-list/} as the directory name, | |
17670 | @code{ange-ftp} or @code{efs} will actually allow you to read this | |
17671 | directory over at @samp{sina} as a newsgroup. Distributed news ahoy! | |
17672 | ||
17673 | @code{nndir} will use @acronym{NOV} files if they are present. | |
17674 | ||
17675 | @code{nndir} is a ``read-only'' back end---you can't delete or expire | |
17676 | articles with this method. You can use @code{nnmh} or @code{nnml} for | |
17677 | whatever you use @code{nndir} for, so you could switch to any of those | |
17678 | methods if you feel the need to have a non-read-only @code{nndir}. | |
17679 | ||
17680 | ||
17681 | @node Anything Groups | |
17682 | @subsection Anything Groups | |
17683 | @cindex nneething | |
17684 | ||
17685 | From the @code{nndir} back end (which reads a single spool-like | |
17686 | directory), it's just a hop and a skip to @code{nneething}, which | |
17687 | pretends that any arbitrary directory is a newsgroup. Strange, but | |
17688 | true. | |
17689 | ||
17690 | When @code{nneething} is presented with a directory, it will scan this | |
17691 | directory and assign article numbers to each file. When you enter such | |
17692 | a group, @code{nneething} must create ``headers'' that Gnus can use. | |
17693 | After all, Gnus is a newsreader, in case you're forgetting. | |
17694 | @code{nneething} does this in a two-step process. First, it snoops each | |
17695 | file in question. If the file looks like an article (i.e., the first | |
17696 | few lines look like headers), it will use this as the head. If this is | |
17697 | just some arbitrary file without a head (e.g. a C source file), | |
17698 | @code{nneething} will cobble up a header out of thin air. It will use | |
17699 | file ownership, name and date and do whatever it can with these | |
17700 | elements. | |
17701 | ||
17702 | All this should happen automatically for you, and you will be presented | |
17703 | with something that looks very much like a newsgroup. Totally like a | |
17704 | newsgroup, to be precise. If you select an article, it will be displayed | |
17705 | in the article buffer, just as usual. | |
17706 | ||
17707 | If you select a line that represents a directory, Gnus will pop you into | |
17708 | a new summary buffer for this @code{nneething} group. And so on. You can | |
17709 | traverse the entire disk this way, if you feel like, but remember that | |
17710 | Gnus is not dired, really, and does not intend to be, either. | |
17711 | ||
17712 | There are two overall modes to this action---ephemeral or solid. When | |
17713 | doing the ephemeral thing (i.e., @kbd{G D} from the group buffer), Gnus | |
17714 | will not store information on what files you have read, and what files | |
17715 | are new, and so on. If you create a solid @code{nneething} group the | |
17716 | normal way with @kbd{G m}, Gnus will store a mapping table between | |
17717 | article numbers and file names, and you can treat this group like any | |
17718 | other groups. When you activate a solid @code{nneething} group, you will | |
17719 | be told how many unread articles it contains, etc., etc. | |
17720 | ||
17721 | Some variables: | |
17722 | ||
17723 | @table @code | |
17724 | @item nneething-map-file-directory | |
17725 | @vindex nneething-map-file-directory | |
17726 | All the mapping files for solid @code{nneething} groups will be stored | |
17727 | in this directory, which defaults to @file{~/.nneething/}. | |
17728 | ||
17729 | @item nneething-exclude-files | |
17730 | @vindex nneething-exclude-files | |
17731 | All files that match this regexp will be ignored. Nice to use to exclude | |
17732 | auto-save files and the like, which is what it does by default. | |
17733 | ||
17734 | @item nneething-include-files | |
17735 | @vindex nneething-include-files | |
17736 | Regexp saying what files to include in the group. If this variable is | |
17737 | non-@code{nil}, only files matching this regexp will be included. | |
17738 | ||
17739 | @item nneething-map-file | |
17740 | @vindex nneething-map-file | |
17741 | Name of the map files. | |
17742 | @end table | |
17743 | ||
17744 | ||
17745 | @node Document Groups | |
17746 | @subsection Document Groups | |
17747 | @cindex nndoc | |
17748 | @cindex documentation group | |
17749 | @cindex help group | |
17750 | ||
17751 | @code{nndoc} is a cute little thing that will let you read a single file | |
17752 | as a newsgroup. Several files types are supported: | |
17753 | ||
17754 | @table @code | |
17755 | @cindex Babyl | |
17756 | @cindex Rmail mbox | |
17757 | @item babyl | |
17758 | The Babyl (Rmail) mail box. | |
17759 | ||
17760 | @cindex mbox | |
17761 | @cindex Unix mbox | |
17762 | @item mbox | |
17763 | The standard Unix mbox file. | |
17764 | ||
17765 | @cindex MMDF mail box | |
17766 | @item mmdf | |
17767 | The MMDF mail box format. | |
17768 | ||
17769 | @item news | |
17770 | Several news articles appended into a file. | |
17771 | ||
17772 | @cindex rnews batch files | |
17773 | @item rnews | |
17774 | The rnews batch transport format. | |
17775 | ||
17776 | @item nsmail | |
17777 | Netscape mail boxes. | |
17778 | ||
17779 | @item mime-parts | |
17780 | @acronym{MIME} multipart messages. | |
17781 | ||
17782 | @item standard-digest | |
17783 | The standard (RFC 1153) digest format. | |
17784 | ||
17785 | @item mime-digest | |
17786 | A @acronym{MIME} digest of messages. | |
17787 | ||
17788 | @item lanl-gov-announce | |
17789 | Announcement messages from LANL Gov Announce. | |
17790 | ||
17791 | @cindex forwarded messages | |
17792 | @item rfc822-forward | |
17793 | A message forwarded according to RFC822. | |
17794 | ||
17795 | @item outlook | |
17796 | The Outlook mail box. | |
17797 | ||
17798 | @item oe-dbx | |
17799 | The Outlook Express dbx mail box. | |
17800 | ||
17801 | @item exim-bounce | |
17802 | A bounce message from the Exim MTA. | |
17803 | ||
17804 | @item forward | |
17805 | A message forwarded according to informal rules. | |
17806 | ||
17807 | @item rfc934 | |
17808 | An RFC934-forwarded message. | |
17809 | ||
17810 | @item mailman | |
17811 | A mailman digest. | |
17812 | ||
17813 | @item clari-briefs | |
17814 | A digest of Clarinet brief news items. | |
17815 | ||
17816 | @item slack-digest | |
17817 | Non-standard digest format---matches most things, but does it badly. | |
17818 | ||
17819 | @item mail-in-mail | |
17820 | The last resort. | |
17821 | @end table | |
17822 | ||
17823 | You can also use the special ``file type'' @code{guess}, which means | |
17824 | that @code{nndoc} will try to guess what file type it is looking at. | |
17825 | @code{digest} means that @code{nndoc} should guess what digest type the | |
17826 | file is. | |
17827 | ||
17828 | @code{nndoc} will not try to change the file or insert any extra headers into | |
17829 | it---it will simply, like, let you use the file as the basis for a | |
17830 | group. And that's it. | |
17831 | ||
17832 | If you have some old archived articles that you want to insert into your | |
17833 | new & spiffy Gnus mail back end, @code{nndoc} can probably help you with | |
17834 | that. Say you have an old @file{RMAIL} file with mail that you now want | |
17835 | to split into your new @code{nnml} groups. You look at that file using | |
17836 | @code{nndoc} (using the @kbd{G f} command in the group buffer | |
17837 | (@pxref{Foreign Groups})), set the process mark on all the articles in | |
17838 | the buffer (@kbd{M P b}, for instance), and then re-spool (@kbd{B r}) | |
17839 | using @code{nnml}. If all goes well, all the mail in the @file{RMAIL} | |
17840 | file is now also stored in lots of @code{nnml} directories, and you can | |
17841 | delete that pesky @file{RMAIL} file. If you have the guts! | |
17842 | ||
17843 | Virtual server variables: | |
17844 | ||
17845 | @table @code | |
17846 | @item nndoc-article-type | |
17847 | @vindex nndoc-article-type | |
17848 | This should be one of @code{mbox}, @code{babyl}, @code{digest}, | |
17849 | @code{news}, @code{rnews}, @code{mmdf}, @code{forward}, @code{rfc934}, | |
17850 | @code{rfc822-forward}, @code{mime-parts}, @code{standard-digest}, | |
17851 | @code{slack-digest}, @code{clari-briefs}, @code{nsmail}, @code{outlook}, | |
17852 | @code{oe-dbx}, @code{mailman}, and @code{mail-in-mail} or @code{guess}. | |
17853 | ||
17854 | @item nndoc-post-type | |
17855 | @vindex nndoc-post-type | |
17856 | This variable says whether Gnus is to consider the group a news group or | |
17857 | a mail group. There are two valid values: @code{mail} (the default) | |
17858 | and @code{news}. | |
17859 | @end table | |
17860 | ||
17861 | @menu | |
17862 | * Document Server Internals:: How to add your own document types. | |
17863 | @end menu | |
17864 | ||
17865 | ||
17866 | @node Document Server Internals | |
17867 | @subsubsection Document Server Internals | |
17868 | ||
17869 | Adding new document types to be recognized by @code{nndoc} isn't | |
17870 | difficult. You just have to whip up a definition of what the document | |
17871 | looks like, write a predicate function to recognize that document type, | |
17872 | and then hook into @code{nndoc}. | |
17873 | ||
17874 | First, here's an example document type definition: | |
17875 | ||
17876 | @example | |
17877 | (mmdf | |
17878 | (article-begin . "^\^A\^A\^A\^A\n") | |
17879 | (body-end . "^\^A\^A\^A\^A\n")) | |
17880 | @end example | |
17881 | ||
17882 | The definition is simply a unique @dfn{name} followed by a series of | |
17883 | regexp pseudo-variable settings. Below are the possible | |
17884 | variables---don't be daunted by the number of variables; most document | |
17885 | types can be defined with very few settings: | |
17886 | ||
17887 | @table @code | |
17888 | @item first-article | |
17889 | If present, @code{nndoc} will skip past all text until it finds | |
17890 | something that match this regexp. All text before this will be | |
17891 | totally ignored. | |
17892 | ||
17893 | @item article-begin | |
17894 | This setting has to be present in all document type definitions. It | |
17895 | says what the beginning of each article looks like. To do more | |
17896 | complicated things that cannot be dealt with a simple regexp, you can | |
17897 | use @code{article-begin-function} instead of this. | |
17898 | ||
17899 | @item article-begin-function | |
17900 | If present, this should be a function that moves point to the beginning | |
17901 | of each article. This setting overrides @code{article-begin}. | |
17902 | ||
17903 | @item head-begin | |
17904 | If present, this should be a regexp that matches the head of the | |
17905 | article. To do more complicated things that cannot be dealt with a | |
17906 | simple regexp, you can use @code{head-begin-function} instead of this. | |
17907 | ||
17908 | @item head-begin-function | |
17909 | If present, this should be a function that moves point to the head of | |
17910 | the article. This setting overrides @code{head-begin}. | |
17911 | ||
17912 | @item head-end | |
17913 | This should match the end of the head of the article. It defaults to | |
17914 | @samp{^$}---the empty line. | |
17915 | ||
17916 | @item body-begin | |
17917 | This should match the beginning of the body of the article. It defaults | |
17918 | to @samp{^\n}. To do more complicated things that cannot be dealt with | |
17919 | a simple regexp, you can use @code{body-begin-function} instead of this. | |
17920 | ||
17921 | @item body-begin-function | |
17922 | If present, this function should move point to the beginning of the body | |
17923 | of the article. This setting overrides @code{body-begin}. | |
17924 | ||
17925 | @item body-end | |
17926 | If present, this should match the end of the body of the article. To do | |
17927 | more complicated things that cannot be dealt with a simple regexp, you | |
17928 | can use @code{body-end-function} instead of this. | |
17929 | ||
17930 | @item body-end-function | |
17931 | If present, this function should move point to the end of the body of | |
17932 | the article. This setting overrides @code{body-end}. | |
17933 | ||
17934 | @item file-begin | |
17935 | If present, this should match the beginning of the file. All text | |
17936 | before this regexp will be totally ignored. | |
17937 | ||
17938 | @item file-end | |
17939 | If present, this should match the end of the file. All text after this | |
17940 | regexp will be totally ignored. | |
17941 | ||
17942 | @end table | |
17943 | ||
17944 | So, using these variables @code{nndoc} is able to dissect a document | |
17945 | file into a series of articles, each with a head and a body. However, a | |
17946 | few more variables are needed since not all document types are all that | |
17947 | news-like---variables needed to transform the head or the body into | |
17948 | something that's palatable for Gnus: | |
17949 | ||
17950 | @table @code | |
17951 | @item prepare-body-function | |
17952 | If present, this function will be called when requesting an article. It | |
17953 | will be called with point at the start of the body, and is useful if the | |
17954 | document has encoded some parts of its contents. | |
17955 | ||
17956 | @item article-transform-function | |
17957 | If present, this function is called when requesting an article. It's | |
17958 | meant to be used for more wide-ranging transformation of both head and | |
17959 | body of the article. | |
17960 | ||
17961 | @item generate-head-function | |
17962 | If present, this function is called to generate a head that Gnus can | |
17963 | understand. It is called with the article number as a parameter, and is | |
17964 | expected to generate a nice head for the article in question. It is | |
17965 | called when requesting the headers of all articles. | |
17966 | ||
17967 | @item generate-article-function | |
17968 | If present, this function is called to generate an entire article that | |
17969 | Gnus can understand. It is called with the article number as a | |
17970 | parameter when requesting all articles. | |
17971 | ||
17972 | @item dissection-function | |
17973 | If present, this function is called to dissect a document by itself, | |
17974 | overriding @code{first-article}, @code{article-begin}, | |
17975 | @code{article-begin-function}, @code{head-begin}, | |
17976 | @code{head-begin-function}, @code{head-end}, @code{body-begin}, | |
17977 | @code{body-begin-function}, @code{body-end}, @code{body-end-function}, | |
17978 | @code{file-begin}, and @code{file-end}. | |
17979 | ||
17980 | @end table | |
17981 | ||
17982 | Let's look at the most complicated example I can come up with---standard | |
17983 | digests: | |
17984 | ||
17985 | @example | |
17986 | (standard-digest | |
17987 | (first-article . ,(concat "^" (make-string 70 ?-) "\n\n+")) | |
17988 | (article-begin . ,(concat "\n\n" (make-string 30 ?-) "\n\n+")) | |
17989 | (prepare-body-function . nndoc-unquote-dashes) | |
17990 | (body-end-function . nndoc-digest-body-end) | |
17991 | (head-end . "^ ?$") | |
17992 | (body-begin . "^ ?\n") | |
17993 | (file-end . "^End of .*digest.*[0-9].*\n\\*\\*\\|^End of.*Digest *$") | |
17994 | (subtype digest guess)) | |
17995 | @end example | |
17996 | ||
17997 | We see that all text before a 70-width line of dashes is ignored; all | |
17998 | text after a line that starts with that @samp{^End of} is also ignored; | |
17999 | each article begins with a 30-width line of dashes; the line separating | |
18000 | the head from the body may contain a single space; and that the body is | |
18001 | run through @code{nndoc-unquote-dashes} before being delivered. | |
18002 | ||
18003 | To hook your own document definition into @code{nndoc}, use the | |
18004 | @code{nndoc-add-type} function. It takes two parameters---the first | |
18005 | is the definition itself and the second (optional) parameter says | |
18006 | where in the document type definition alist to put this definition. | |
18007 | The alist is traversed sequentially, and | |
18008 | @code{nndoc-@var{type}-type-p} is called for a given type @var{type}. | |
18009 | So @code{nndoc-mmdf-type-p} is called to see whether a document is of | |
18010 | @code{mmdf} type, and so on. These type predicates should return | |
18011 | @code{nil} if the document is not of the correct type; @code{t} if it | |
18012 | is of the correct type; and a number if the document might be of the | |
18013 | correct type. A high number means high probability; a low number | |
18014 | means low probability with @samp{0} being the lowest valid number. | |
18015 | ||
18016 | ||
18017 | @node SOUP | |
18018 | @subsection SOUP | |
18019 | @cindex SOUP | |
18020 | @cindex offline | |
18021 | ||
18022 | In the PC world people often talk about ``offline'' newsreaders. These | |
18023 | are thingies that are combined reader/news transport monstrosities. | |
18024 | With built-in modem programs. Yecchh! | |
18025 | ||
18026 | Of course, us Unix Weenie types of human beans use things like | |
18027 | @code{uucp} and, like, @code{nntpd} and set up proper news and mail | |
18028 | transport things like Ghod intended. And then we just use normal | |
18029 | newsreaders. | |
18030 | ||
18031 | However, it can sometimes be convenient to do something that's a bit | |
18032 | easier on the brain if you have a very slow modem, and you're not really | |
18033 | that interested in doing things properly. | |
18034 | ||
18035 | A file format called @sc{soup} has been developed for transporting news | |
18036 | and mail from servers to home machines and back again. It can be a bit | |
18037 | fiddly. | |
18038 | ||
18039 | First some terminology: | |
18040 | ||
18041 | @table @dfn | |
18042 | ||
18043 | @item server | |
18044 | This is the machine that is connected to the outside world and where you | |
18045 | get news and/or mail from. | |
18046 | ||
18047 | @item home machine | |
18048 | This is the machine that you want to do the actual reading and responding | |
18049 | on. It is typically not connected to the rest of the world in any way. | |
18050 | ||
18051 | @item packet | |
18052 | Something that contains messages and/or commands. There are two kinds | |
18053 | of packets: | |
18054 | ||
18055 | @table @dfn | |
18056 | @item message packets | |
18057 | These are packets made at the server, and typically contain lots of | |
18058 | messages for you to read. These are called @file{SoupoutX.tgz} by | |
18059 | default, where @var{x} is a number. | |
18060 | ||
18061 | @item response packets | |
18062 | These are packets made at the home machine, and typically contains | |
18063 | replies that you've written. These are called @file{SoupinX.tgz} by | |
18064 | default, where @var{x} is a number. | |
18065 | ||
18066 | @end table | |
18067 | ||
18068 | @end table | |
18069 | ||
18070 | ||
18071 | @enumerate | |
18072 | ||
18073 | @item | |
18074 | You log in on the server and create a @sc{soup} packet. You can either | |
18075 | use a dedicated @sc{soup} thingie (like the @code{awk} program), or you | |
18076 | can use Gnus to create the packet with its @sc{soup} commands (@kbd{O | |
18077 | s} and/or @kbd{G s b}; and then @kbd{G s p}) (@pxref{SOUP Commands}). | |
18078 | ||
18079 | @item | |
18080 | You transfer the packet home. Rail, boat, car or modem will do fine. | |
18081 | ||
18082 | @item | |
18083 | You put the packet in your home directory. | |
18084 | ||
18085 | @item | |
18086 | You fire up Gnus on your home machine using the @code{nnsoup} back end as | |
18087 | the native or secondary server. | |
18088 | ||
18089 | @item | |
18090 | You read articles and mail and answer and followup to the things you | |
18091 | want (@pxref{SOUP Replies}). | |
18092 | ||
18093 | @item | |
18094 | You do the @kbd{G s r} command to pack these replies into a @sc{soup} | |
18095 | packet. | |
18096 | ||
18097 | @item | |
18098 | You transfer this packet to the server. | |
18099 | ||
18100 | @item | |
18101 | You use Gnus to mail this packet out with the @kbd{G s s} command. | |
18102 | ||
18103 | @item | |
18104 | You then repeat until you die. | |
18105 | ||
18106 | @end enumerate | |
18107 | ||
18108 | So you basically have a bipartite system---you use @code{nnsoup} for | |
18109 | reading and Gnus for packing/sending these @sc{soup} packets. | |
18110 | ||
18111 | @menu | |
18112 | * SOUP Commands:: Commands for creating and sending @sc{soup} packets | |
18113 | * SOUP Groups:: A back end for reading @sc{soup} packets. | |
18114 | * SOUP Replies:: How to enable @code{nnsoup} to take over mail and news. | |
18115 | @end menu | |
18116 | ||
18117 | ||
18118 | @node SOUP Commands | |
18119 | @subsubsection SOUP Commands | |
18120 | ||
18121 | These are commands for creating and manipulating @sc{soup} packets. | |
18122 | ||
18123 | @table @kbd | |
18124 | @item G s b | |
18125 | @kindex G s b (Group) | |
18126 | @findex gnus-group-brew-soup | |
18127 | Pack all unread articles in the current group | |
18128 | (@code{gnus-group-brew-soup}). This command understands the | |
18129 | process/prefix convention. | |
18130 | ||
18131 | @item G s w | |
18132 | @kindex G s w (Group) | |
18133 | @findex gnus-soup-save-areas | |
18134 | Save all @sc{soup} data files (@code{gnus-soup-save-areas}). | |
18135 | ||
18136 | @item G s s | |
18137 | @kindex G s s (Group) | |
18138 | @findex gnus-soup-send-replies | |
18139 | Send all replies from the replies packet | |
18140 | (@code{gnus-soup-send-replies}). | |
18141 | ||
18142 | @item G s p | |
18143 | @kindex G s p (Group) | |
18144 | @findex gnus-soup-pack-packet | |
18145 | Pack all files into a @sc{soup} packet (@code{gnus-soup-pack-packet}). | |
18146 | ||
18147 | @item G s r | |
18148 | @kindex G s r (Group) | |
18149 | @findex nnsoup-pack-replies | |
18150 | Pack all replies into a replies packet (@code{nnsoup-pack-replies}). | |
18151 | ||
18152 | @item O s | |
18153 | @kindex O s (Summary) | |
18154 | @findex gnus-soup-add-article | |
18155 | This summary-mode command adds the current article to a @sc{soup} packet | |
18156 | (@code{gnus-soup-add-article}). It understands the process/prefix | |
18157 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
18158 | ||
18159 | @end table | |
18160 | ||
18161 | ||
18162 | There are a few variables to customize where Gnus will put all these | |
18163 | thingies: | |
18164 | ||
18165 | @table @code | |
18166 | ||
18167 | @item gnus-soup-directory | |
18168 | @vindex gnus-soup-directory | |
18169 | Directory where Gnus will save intermediate files while composing | |
18170 | @sc{soup} packets. The default is @file{~/SoupBrew/}. | |
18171 | ||
18172 | @item gnus-soup-replies-directory | |
18173 | @vindex gnus-soup-replies-directory | |
18174 | This is what Gnus will use as a temporary directory while sending our | |
18175 | reply packets. @file{~/SoupBrew/SoupReplies/} is the default. | |
18176 | ||
18177 | @item gnus-soup-prefix-file | |
18178 | @vindex gnus-soup-prefix-file | |
18179 | Name of the file where Gnus stores the last used prefix. The default is | |
18180 | @samp{gnus-prefix}. | |
18181 | ||
18182 | @item gnus-soup-packer | |
18183 | @vindex gnus-soup-packer | |
18184 | A format string command for packing a @sc{soup} packet. The default is | |
18185 | @samp{tar cf - %s | gzip > $HOME/Soupout%d.tgz}. | |
18186 | ||
18187 | @item gnus-soup-unpacker | |
18188 | @vindex gnus-soup-unpacker | |
18189 | Format string command for unpacking a @sc{soup} packet. The default is | |
18190 | @samp{gunzip -c %s | tar xvf -}. | |
18191 | ||
18192 | @item gnus-soup-packet-directory | |
18193 | @vindex gnus-soup-packet-directory | |
18194 | Where Gnus will look for reply packets. The default is @file{~/}. | |
18195 | ||
18196 | @item gnus-soup-packet-regexp | |
18197 | @vindex gnus-soup-packet-regexp | |
18198 | Regular expression matching @sc{soup} reply packets in | |
18199 | @code{gnus-soup-packet-directory}. | |
18200 | ||
18201 | @end table | |
18202 | ||
18203 | ||
18204 | @node SOUP Groups | |
18205 | @subsubsection SOUP Groups | |
18206 | @cindex nnsoup | |
18207 | ||
18208 | @code{nnsoup} is the back end for reading @sc{soup} packets. It will | |
18209 | read incoming packets, unpack them, and put them in a directory where | |
18210 | you can read them at leisure. | |
18211 | ||
18212 | These are the variables you can use to customize its behavior: | |
18213 | ||
18214 | @table @code | |
18215 | ||
18216 | @item nnsoup-tmp-directory | |
18217 | @vindex nnsoup-tmp-directory | |
18218 | When @code{nnsoup} unpacks a @sc{soup} packet, it does it in this | |
18219 | directory. (@file{/tmp/} by default.) | |
18220 | ||
18221 | @item nnsoup-directory | |
18222 | @vindex nnsoup-directory | |
18223 | @code{nnsoup} then moves each message and index file to this directory. | |
18224 | The default is @file{~/SOUP/}. | |
18225 | ||
18226 | @item nnsoup-replies-directory | |
18227 | @vindex nnsoup-replies-directory | |
18228 | All replies will be stored in this directory before being packed into a | |
18229 | reply packet. The default is @file{~/SOUP/replies/}. | |
18230 | ||
18231 | @item nnsoup-replies-format-type | |
18232 | @vindex nnsoup-replies-format-type | |
18233 | The @sc{soup} format of the replies packets. The default is @samp{?n} | |
18234 | (rnews), and I don't think you should touch that variable. I probably | |
18235 | shouldn't even have documented it. Drats! Too late! | |
18236 | ||
18237 | @item nnsoup-replies-index-type | |
18238 | @vindex nnsoup-replies-index-type | |
18239 | The index type of the replies packet. The default is @samp{?n}, which | |
18240 | means ``none''. Don't fiddle with this one either! | |
18241 | ||
18242 | @item nnsoup-active-file | |
18243 | @vindex nnsoup-active-file | |
18244 | Where @code{nnsoup} stores lots of information. This is not an ``active | |
18245 | file'' in the @code{nntp} sense; it's an Emacs Lisp file. If you lose | |
18246 | this file or mess it up in any way, you're dead. The default is | |
18247 | @file{~/SOUP/active}. | |
18248 | ||
18249 | @item nnsoup-packer | |
18250 | @vindex nnsoup-packer | |
18251 | Format string command for packing a reply @sc{soup} packet. The default | |
18252 | is @samp{tar cf - %s | gzip > $HOME/Soupin%d.tgz}. | |
18253 | ||
18254 | @item nnsoup-unpacker | |
18255 | @vindex nnsoup-unpacker | |
18256 | Format string command for unpacking incoming @sc{soup} packets. The | |
18257 | default is @samp{gunzip -c %s | tar xvf -}. | |
18258 | ||
18259 | @item nnsoup-packet-directory | |
18260 | @vindex nnsoup-packet-directory | |
18261 | Where @code{nnsoup} will look for incoming packets. The default is | |
18262 | @file{~/}. | |
18263 | ||
18264 | @item nnsoup-packet-regexp | |
18265 | @vindex nnsoup-packet-regexp | |
18266 | Regular expression matching incoming @sc{soup} packets. The default is | |
18267 | @samp{Soupout}. | |
18268 | ||
18269 | @item nnsoup-always-save | |
18270 | @vindex nnsoup-always-save | |
18271 | If non-@code{nil}, save the replies buffer after each posted message. | |
18272 | ||
18273 | @end table | |
18274 | ||
18275 | ||
18276 | @node SOUP Replies | |
18277 | @subsubsection SOUP Replies | |
18278 | ||
18279 | Just using @code{nnsoup} won't mean that your postings and mailings end | |
18280 | up in @sc{soup} reply packets automagically. You have to work a bit | |
18281 | more for that to happen. | |
18282 | ||
18283 | @findex nnsoup-set-variables | |
18284 | The @code{nnsoup-set-variables} command will set the appropriate | |
18285 | variables to ensure that all your followups and replies end up in the | |
18286 | @sc{soup} system. | |
18287 | ||
18288 | In specific, this is what it does: | |
18289 | ||
18290 | @lisp | |
18291 | (setq message-send-news-function 'nnsoup-request-post) | |
18292 | (setq message-send-mail-function 'nnsoup-request-mail) | |
18293 | @end lisp | |
18294 | ||
18295 | And that's it, really. If you only want news to go into the @sc{soup} | |
18296 | system you just use the first line. If you only want mail to be | |
18297 | @sc{soup}ed you use the second. | |
18298 | ||
18299 | ||
18300 | @node Mail-To-News Gateways | |
18301 | @subsection Mail-To-News Gateways | |
18302 | @cindex mail-to-news gateways | |
18303 | @cindex gateways | |
18304 | ||
18305 | If your local @code{nntp} server doesn't allow posting, for some reason | |
18306 | or other, you can post using one of the numerous mail-to-news gateways. | |
18307 | The @code{nngateway} back end provides the interface. | |
18308 | ||
18309 | Note that you can't read anything from this back end---it can only be | |
18310 | used to post with. | |
18311 | ||
18312 | Server variables: | |
18313 | ||
18314 | @table @code | |
18315 | @item nngateway-address | |
18316 | @vindex nngateway-address | |
18317 | This is the address of the mail-to-news gateway. | |
18318 | ||
18319 | @item nngateway-header-transformation | |
18320 | @vindex nngateway-header-transformation | |
18321 | News headers often have to be transformed in some odd way or other | |
18322 | for the mail-to-news gateway to accept it. This variable says what | |
18323 | transformation should be called, and defaults to | |
18324 | @code{nngateway-simple-header-transformation}. The function is called | |
18325 | narrowed to the headers to be transformed and with one parameter---the | |
18326 | gateway address. | |
18327 | ||
18328 | This default function just inserts a new @code{To} header based on the | |
18329 | @code{Newsgroups} header and the gateway address. | |
18330 | For instance, an article with this @code{Newsgroups} header: | |
18331 | ||
18332 | @example | |
18333 | Newsgroups: alt.religion.emacs | |
18334 | @end example | |
18335 | ||
18336 | will get this @code{To} header inserted: | |
18337 | ||
18338 | @example | |
18339 | To: alt-religion-emacs@@GATEWAY | |
18340 | @end example | |
18341 | ||
18342 | The following pre-defined functions exist: | |
18343 | ||
18344 | @findex nngateway-simple-header-transformation | |
18345 | @table @code | |
18346 | ||
18347 | @item nngateway-simple-header-transformation | |
18348 | Creates a @code{To} header that looks like | |
18349 | @var{newsgroup}@@@code{nngateway-address}. | |
18350 | ||
18351 | @findex nngateway-mail2news-header-transformation | |
18352 | ||
18353 | @item nngateway-mail2news-header-transformation | |
18354 | Creates a @code{To} header that looks like | |
18355 | @code{nngateway-address}. | |
18356 | @end table | |
18357 | ||
18358 | @end table | |
18359 | ||
18360 | Here's an example: | |
18361 | ||
18362 | @lisp | |
18363 | (setq gnus-post-method | |
18364 | '(nngateway | |
18365 | "mail2news@@replay.com" | |
18366 | (nngateway-header-transformation | |
18367 | nngateway-mail2news-header-transformation))) | |
18368 | @end lisp | |
18369 | ||
18370 | So, to use this, simply say something like: | |
18371 | ||
18372 | @lisp | |
18373 | (setq gnus-post-method '(nngateway "GATEWAY.ADDRESS")) | |
18374 | @end lisp | |
18375 | ||
18376 | ||
18377 | ||
18378 | @node Combined Groups | |
18379 | @section Combined Groups | |
18380 | ||
18381 | Gnus allows combining a mixture of all the other group types into bigger | |
18382 | groups. | |
18383 | ||
18384 | @menu | |
18385 | * Virtual Groups:: Combining articles from many groups. | |
18386 | * Kibozed Groups:: Looking through parts of the newsfeed for articles. | |
18387 | @end menu | |
18388 | ||
18389 | ||
18390 | @node Virtual Groups | |
18391 | @subsection Virtual Groups | |
18392 | @cindex nnvirtual | |
18393 | @cindex virtual groups | |
18394 | @cindex merging groups | |
18395 | ||
18396 | An @dfn{nnvirtual group} is really nothing more than a collection of | |
18397 | other groups. | |
18398 | ||
18399 | For instance, if you are tired of reading many small groups, you can | |
18400 | put them all in one big group, and then grow tired of reading one | |
18401 | big, unwieldy group. The joys of computing! | |
18402 | ||
18403 | You specify @code{nnvirtual} as the method. The address should be a | |
18404 | regexp to match component groups. | |
18405 | ||
18406 | All marks in the virtual group will stick to the articles in the | |
18407 | component groups. So if you tick an article in a virtual group, the | |
18408 | article will also be ticked in the component group from whence it | |
18409 | came. (And vice versa---marks from the component groups will also be | |
18410 | shown in the virtual group.). To create an empty virtual group, run | |
18411 | @kbd{G V} (@code{gnus-group-make-empty-virtual}) in the group buffer | |
18412 | and edit the method regexp with @kbd{M-e} | |
18413 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-method}) | |
18414 | ||
18415 | Here's an example @code{nnvirtual} method that collects all Andrea Dworkin | |
18416 | newsgroups into one, big, happy newsgroup: | |
18417 | ||
18418 | @lisp | |
18419 | (nnvirtual "^alt\\.fan\\.andrea-dworkin$\\|^rec\\.dworkin.*") | |
18420 | @end lisp | |
18421 | ||
18422 | The component groups can be native or foreign; everything should work | |
18423 | smoothly, but if your computer explodes, it was probably my fault. | |
18424 | ||
18425 | Collecting the same group from several servers might actually be a good | |
18426 | idea if users have set the Distribution header to limit distribution. | |
18427 | If you would like to read @samp{soc.motss} both from a server in Japan | |
18428 | and a server in Norway, you could use the following as the group regexp: | |
18429 | ||
18430 | @example | |
18431 | "^nntp\\+server\\.jp:soc\\.motss$\\|^nntp\\+server\\.no:soc\\.motss$" | |
18432 | @end example | |
18433 | ||
18434 | (Remember, though, that if you're creating the group with @kbd{G m}, you | |
18435 | shouldn't double the backslashes, and you should leave off the quote | |
18436 | characters at the beginning and the end of the string.) | |
18437 | ||
18438 | This should work kinda smoothly---all articles from both groups should | |
18439 | end up in this one, and there should be no duplicates. Threading (and | |
18440 | the rest) will still work as usual, but there might be problems with the | |
18441 | sequence of articles. Sorting on date might be an option here | |
18442 | (@pxref{Selecting a Group}). | |
18443 | ||
18444 | One limitation, however---all groups included in a virtual | |
18445 | group have to be alive (i.e., subscribed or unsubscribed). Killed or | |
18446 | zombie groups can't be component groups for @code{nnvirtual} groups. | |
18447 | ||
18448 | @vindex nnvirtual-always-rescan | |
18449 | If the @code{nnvirtual-always-rescan} variable is non-@code{nil} (which | |
18450 | is the default), @code{nnvirtual} will always scan groups for unread | |
18451 | articles when entering a virtual group. If this variable is @code{nil} | |
18452 | and you read articles in a component group after the virtual group has | |
18453 | been activated, the read articles from the component group will show up | |
18454 | when you enter the virtual group. You'll also see this effect if you | |
18455 | have two virtual groups that have a component group in common. If | |
18456 | that's the case, you should set this variable to @code{t}. Or you can | |
18457 | just tap @code{M-g} on the virtual group every time before you enter | |
18458 | it---it'll have much the same effect. | |
18459 | ||
18460 | @code{nnvirtual} can have both mail and news groups as component groups. | |
18461 | When responding to articles in @code{nnvirtual} groups, @code{nnvirtual} | |
18462 | has to ask the back end of the component group the article comes from | |
18463 | whether it is a news or mail back end. However, when you do a @kbd{^}, | |
18464 | there is typically no sure way for the component back end to know this, | |
18465 | and in that case @code{nnvirtual} tells Gnus that the article came from a | |
18466 | not-news back end. (Just to be on the safe side.) | |
18467 | ||
18468 | @kbd{C-c C-n} in the message buffer will insert the @code{Newsgroups} | |
18469 | line from the article you respond to in these cases. | |
18470 | ||
18471 | @code{nnvirtual} groups do not inherit anything but articles and marks | |
18472 | from component groups---group parameters, for instance, are not | |
18473 | inherited. | |
18474 | ||
18475 | ||
18476 | @node Kibozed Groups | |
18477 | @subsection Kibozed Groups | |
18478 | @cindex nnkiboze | |
18479 | @cindex kibozing | |
18480 | ||
18481 | @dfn{Kibozing} is defined by the @acronym{OED} as ``grepping through | |
18482 | (parts of) the news feed''. @code{nnkiboze} is a back end that will | |
18483 | do this for you. Oh joy! Now you can grind any @acronym{NNTP} server | |
18484 | down to a halt with useless requests! Oh happiness! | |
18485 | ||
18486 | @kindex G k (Group) | |
18487 | To create a kibozed group, use the @kbd{G k} command in the group | |
18488 | buffer. | |
18489 | ||
18490 | The address field of the @code{nnkiboze} method is, as with | |
18491 | @code{nnvirtual}, a regexp to match groups to be ``included'' in the | |
18492 | @code{nnkiboze} group. That's where most similarities between | |
18493 | @code{nnkiboze} and @code{nnvirtual} end. | |
18494 | ||
18495 | In addition to this regexp detailing component groups, an | |
18496 | @code{nnkiboze} group must have a score file to say what articles are | |
18497 | to be included in the group (@pxref{Scoring}). | |
18498 | ||
18499 | @kindex M-x nnkiboze-generate-groups | |
18500 | @findex nnkiboze-generate-groups | |
18501 | You must run @kbd{M-x nnkiboze-generate-groups} after creating the | |
18502 | @code{nnkiboze} groups you want to have. This command will take time. | |
18503 | Lots of time. Oodles and oodles of time. Gnus has to fetch the | |
18504 | headers from all the articles in all the component groups and run them | |
18505 | through the scoring process to determine if there are any articles in | |
18506 | the groups that are to be part of the @code{nnkiboze} groups. | |
18507 | ||
18508 | Please limit the number of component groups by using restrictive | |
18509 | regexps. Otherwise your sysadmin may become annoyed with you, and the | |
18510 | @acronym{NNTP} site may throw you off and never let you back in again. | |
18511 | Stranger things have happened. | |
18512 | ||
18513 | @code{nnkiboze} component groups do not have to be alive---they can be dead, | |
18514 | and they can be foreign. No restrictions. | |
18515 | ||
18516 | @vindex nnkiboze-directory | |
18517 | The generation of an @code{nnkiboze} group means writing two files in | |
18518 | @code{nnkiboze-directory}, which is @file{~/News/kiboze/} by default. | |
18519 | One contains the @acronym{NOV} header lines for all the articles in | |
18520 | the group, and the other is an additional @file{.newsrc} file to store | |
18521 | information on what groups have been searched through to find | |
18522 | component articles. | |
18523 | ||
18524 | Articles marked as read in the @code{nnkiboze} group will have | |
18525 | their @acronym{NOV} lines removed from the @acronym{NOV} file. | |
18526 | ||
18527 | ||
18528 | @node Email Based Diary | |
18529 | @section Email Based Diary | |
18530 | @cindex diary | |
18531 | @cindex email based diary | |
18532 | @cindex calendar | |
18533 | ||
18534 | This section describes a special mail back end called @code{nndiary}, | |
18535 | and its companion library @code{gnus-diary}. It is ``special'' in the | |
18536 | sense that it is not meant to be one of the standard alternatives for | |
18537 | reading mail with Gnus. See @ref{Choosing a Mail Back End} for that. | |
18538 | Instead, it is used to treat @emph{some} of your mails in a special way, | |
18539 | namely, as event reminders. | |
18540 | ||
18541 | Here is a typical scenario: | |
18542 | ||
18543 | @itemize @bullet | |
18544 | @item | |
18545 | You've got a date with Andy Mc Dowell or Bruce Willis (select according | |
18546 | to your sexual preference) in one month. You don't want to forget it. | |
18547 | @item | |
18548 | So you send a ``reminder'' message (actually, a diary one) to yourself. | |
18549 | @item | |
18550 | You forget all about it and keep on getting and reading new mail, as usual. | |
18551 | @item | |
18552 | From time to time, as you type `g' in the group buffer and as the date | |
18553 | is getting closer, the message will pop up again to remind you of your | |
18554 | appointment, just as if it were new and unread. | |
18555 | @item | |
18556 | Read your ``new'' messages, this one included, and start dreaming again | |
18557 | of the night you're gonna have. | |
18558 | @item | |
18559 | Once the date is over (you actually fell asleep just after dinner), the | |
18560 | message will be automatically deleted if it is marked as expirable. | |
18561 | @end itemize | |
18562 | ||
18563 | The Gnus Diary back end has the ability to handle regular appointments | |
18564 | (that wouldn't ever be deleted) as well as punctual ones, operates as a | |
18565 | real mail back end and is configurable in many ways. All of this is | |
18566 | explained in the sections below. | |
18567 | ||
18568 | @menu | |
18569 | * The NNDiary Back End:: Basic setup and usage. | |
18570 | * The Gnus Diary Library:: Utility toolkit on top of nndiary. | |
18571 | * Sending or Not Sending:: A final note on sending diary messages. | |
18572 | @end menu | |
18573 | ||
18574 | ||
18575 | @node The NNDiary Back End | |
18576 | @subsection The NNDiary Back End | |
18577 | @cindex nndiary | |
18578 | @cindex the nndiary back end | |
18579 | ||
18580 | @code{nndiary} is a back end very similar to @code{nnml} (@pxref{Mail | |
18581 | Spool}). Actually, it could appear as a mix of @code{nnml} and | |
18582 | @code{nndraft}. If you know @code{nnml}, you're already familiar with | |
18583 | the message storing scheme of @code{nndiary}: one file per message, one | |
18584 | directory per group. | |
18585 | ||
18586 | Before anything, there is one requirement to be able to run | |
18587 | @code{nndiary} properly: you @emph{must} use the group timestamp feature | |
18588 | of Gnus. This adds a timestamp to each group's parameters. @ref{Group | |
18589 | Timestamp} to see how it's done. | |
18590 | ||
18591 | @menu | |
18592 | * Diary Messages:: What makes a message valid for nndiary. | |
18593 | * Running NNDiary:: NNDiary has two modes of operation. | |
18594 | * Customizing NNDiary:: Bells and whistles. | |
18595 | @end menu | |
18596 | ||
18597 | @node Diary Messages | |
18598 | @subsubsection Diary Messages | |
18599 | @cindex nndiary messages | |
18600 | @cindex nndiary mails | |
18601 | ||
18602 | @code{nndiary} messages are just normal ones, except for the mandatory | |
18603 | presence of 7 special headers. These headers are of the form | |
18604 | @code{X-Diary-<something>}, @code{<something>} being one of | |
18605 | @code{Minute}, @code{Hour}, @code{Dom}, @code{Month}, @code{Year}, | |
18606 | @code{Time-Zone} and @code{Dow}. @code{Dom} means ``Day of Month'', and | |
18607 | @code{dow} means ``Day of Week''. These headers actually behave like | |
18608 | crontab specifications and define the event date(s): | |
18609 | ||
18610 | @itemize @bullet | |
18611 | @item | |
18612 | For all headers except the @code{Time-Zone} one, a header value is | |
18613 | either a star (meaning all possible values), or a list of fields | |
18614 | (separated by a comma). | |
18615 | @item | |
18616 | A field is either an integer, or a range. | |
18617 | @item | |
18618 | A range is two integers separated by a dash. | |
18619 | @item | |
18620 | Possible integer values are 0--59 for @code{Minute}, 0--23 for | |
18621 | @code{Hour}, 1--31 for @code{Dom}, 1--12 for @code{Month}, above 1971 | |
18622 | for @code{Year} and 0--6 for @code{Dow} (0 meaning Sunday). | |
18623 | @item | |
18624 | As a special case, a star in either @code{Dom} or @code{Dow} doesn't | |
18625 | mean ``all possible values'', but ``use only the other field''. Note | |
18626 | that if both are star'ed, the use of either one gives the same result. | |
18627 | @item | |
18628 | The @code{Time-Zone} header is special in that it can only have one | |
18629 | value (@code{GMT}, for instance). A star doesn't mean ``all possible | |
18630 | values'' (because it makes no sense), but ``the current local time | |
18631 | zone''. Most of the time, you'll be using a star here. However, for a | |
18632 | list of available time zone values, see the variable | |
18633 | @code{nndiary-headers}. | |
18634 | @end itemize | |
18635 | ||
18636 | As a concrete example, here are the diary headers to add to your message | |
18637 | for specifying ``Each Monday and each 1st of month, at 12:00, 20:00, | |
18638 | 21:00, 22:00, 23:00 and 24:00, from 1999 to 2010'' (I'll let you find | |
18639 | what to do then): | |
18640 | ||
18641 | @example | |
18642 | X-Diary-Minute: 0 | |
18643 | X-Diary-Hour: 12, 20-24 | |
18644 | X-Diary-Dom: 1 | |
18645 | X-Diary-Month: * | |
18646 | X-Diary-Year: 1999-2010 | |
18647 | X-Diary-Dow: 1 | |
18648 | X-Diary-Time-Zone: * | |
18649 | @end example | |
18650 | ||
18651 | @node Running NNDiary | |
18652 | @subsubsection Running NNDiary | |
18653 | @cindex running nndiary | |
18654 | @cindex nndiary operation modes | |
18655 | ||
18656 | @code{nndiary} has two modes of operation: ``traditional'' (the default) | |
18657 | and ``autonomous''. In traditional mode, @code{nndiary} does not get new | |
18658 | mail by itself. You have to move (@kbd{B m}) or copy (@kbd{B c}) mails | |
18659 | from your primary mail back end to nndiary groups in order to handle them | |
18660 | as diary messages. In autonomous mode, @code{nndiary} retrieves its own | |
18661 | mail and handles it independently from your primary mail back end. | |
18662 | ||
18663 | One should note that Gnus is not inherently designed to allow several | |
18664 | ``master'' mail back ends at the same time. However, this does make | |
18665 | sense with @code{nndiary}: you really want to send and receive diary | |
18666 | messages to your diary groups directly. So, @code{nndiary} supports | |
18667 | being sort of a ``second primary mail back end'' (to my knowledge, it is | |
18668 | the only back end offering this feature). However, there is a limitation | |
18669 | (which I hope to fix some day): respooling doesn't work in autonomous | |
18670 | mode. | |
18671 | ||
18672 | In order to use @code{nndiary} in autonomous mode, you have several | |
18673 | things to do: | |
18674 | ||
18675 | @itemize @bullet | |
18676 | @item | |
18677 | Allow @code{nndiary} to retrieve new mail by itself. Put the following | |
18678 | line in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
18679 | ||
18680 | @lisp | |
18681 | (setq nndiary-get-new-mail t) | |
18682 | @end lisp | |
18683 | @item | |
18684 | You must arrange for diary messages (those containing @code{X-Diary-*} | |
18685 | headers) to be split in a private folder @emph{before} Gnus treat them. | |
18686 | Again, this is needed because Gnus cannot (yet ?) properly handle | |
18687 | multiple primary mail back ends. Getting those messages from a separate | |
18688 | source will compensate this misfeature to some extent. | |
18689 | ||
18690 | As an example, here's my procmailrc entry to store diary files in | |
18691 | @file{~/.nndiary} (the default @code{nndiary} mail source file): | |
18692 | ||
18693 | @example | |
18694 | :0 HD : | |
18695 | * ^X-Diary | |
18696 | .nndiary | |
18697 | @end example | |
18698 | @end itemize | |
18699 | ||
18700 | Once this is done, you might want to customize the following two options | |
18701 | that affect the diary mail retrieval and splitting processes: | |
18702 | ||
18703 | @defvar nndiary-mail-sources | |
18704 | This is the diary-specific replacement for the standard | |
18705 | @code{mail-sources} variable. It obeys the same syntax, and defaults to | |
18706 | @code{(file :path "~/.nndiary")}. | |
18707 | @end defvar | |
18708 | ||
18709 | @defvar nndiary-split-methods | |
18710 | This is the diary-specific replacement for the standard | |
18711 | @code{nnmail-split-methods} variable. It obeys the same syntax. | |
18712 | @end defvar | |
18713 | ||
18714 | Finally, you may add a permanent @code{nndiary} virtual server | |
18715 | (something like @code{(nndiary "diary")} should do) to your | |
18716 | @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods}. | |
18717 | ||
18718 | Hopefully, almost everything (see the TODO section in | |
18719 | @file{nndiary.el}) will work as expected when you restart Gnus: in | |
18720 | autonomous mode, typing @kbd{g} and @kbd{M-g} in the group buffer, will | |
18721 | also get your new diary mails and split them according to your | |
18722 | diary-specific rules, @kbd{F} will find your new diary groups etc. | |
18723 | ||
18724 | @node Customizing NNDiary | |
18725 | @subsubsection Customizing NNDiary | |
18726 | @cindex customizing nndiary | |
18727 | @cindex nndiary customization | |
18728 | ||
18729 | Now that @code{nndiary} is up and running, it's time to customize it. | |
18730 | The custom group is called @code{nndiary} (no, really ?!). You should | |
18731 | browse it to figure out which options you'd like to tweak. The following | |
18732 | two variables are probably the only ones you will want to change: | |
18733 | ||
18734 | @defvar nndiary-reminders | |
18735 | This is the list of times when you want to be reminded of your | |
18736 | appointments (e.g. 3 weeks before, then 2 days before, then 1 hour | |
18737 | before and that's it). Remember that ``being reminded'' means that the | |
18738 | diary message will pop up as brand new and unread again when you get new | |
18739 | mail. | |
18740 | @end defvar | |
18741 | ||
18742 | @defvar nndiary-week-starts-on-monday | |
18743 | Rather self-explanatory. Otherwise, Sunday is assumed (this is the | |
18744 | default). | |
18745 | @end defvar | |
18746 | ||
18747 | ||
18748 | @node The Gnus Diary Library | |
18749 | @subsection The Gnus Diary Library | |
18750 | @cindex gnus-diary | |
18751 | @cindex the gnus diary library | |
18752 | ||
18753 | Using @code{nndiary} manually (I mean, writing the headers by hand and | |
18754 | so on) would be rather boring. Fortunately, there is a library called | |
18755 | @code{gnus-diary} written on top of @code{nndiary}, that does many | |
18756 | useful things for you. | |
18757 | ||
18758 | In order to use it, add the following line to your @file{~/.gnus.el} file: | |
18759 | ||
18760 | @lisp | |
18761 | (require 'gnus-diary) | |
18762 | @end lisp | |
18763 | ||
18764 | Also, you shouldn't use any @code{gnus-user-format-function-[d|D]} | |
18765 | (@pxref{Summary Buffer Lines}). @code{gnus-diary} provides both of these | |
18766 | (sorry if you used them before). | |
18767 | ||
18768 | ||
18769 | @menu | |
18770 | * Diary Summary Line Format:: A nicer summary buffer line format. | |
18771 | * Diary Articles Sorting:: A nicer way to sort messages. | |
18772 | * Diary Headers Generation:: Not doing it manually. | |
18773 | * Diary Group Parameters:: Not handling them manually. | |
18774 | @end menu | |
18775 | ||
18776 | @node Diary Summary Line Format | |
18777 | @subsubsection Diary Summary Line Format | |
18778 | @cindex diary summary buffer line | |
18779 | @cindex diary summary line format | |
18780 | ||
18781 | Displaying diary messages in standard summary line format (usually | |
18782 | something like @samp{From Joe: Subject}) is pretty useless. Most of | |
18783 | the time, you're the one who wrote the message, and you mostly want to | |
18784 | see the event's date. | |
18785 | ||
18786 | @code{gnus-diary} provides two supplemental user formats to be used in | |
18787 | summary line formats. @code{D} corresponds to a formatted time string | |
18788 | for the next occurrence of the event (e.g. ``Sat, Sep 22 01, 12:00''), | |
18789 | while @code{d} corresponds to an approximative remaining time until the | |
18790 | next occurrence of the event (e.g. ``in 6 months, 1 week''). | |
18791 | ||
18792 | For example, here's how Joe's birthday is displayed in my | |
18793 | @code{nndiary+diary:birthdays} summary buffer (note that the message is | |
18794 | expirable, but will never be deleted, as it specifies a periodic event): | |
18795 | ||
18796 | @example | |
18797 | E Sat, Sep 22 01, 12:00: Joe's birthday (in 6 months, 1 week) | |
18798 | @end example | |
18799 | ||
18800 | In order to get something like the above, you would normally add the | |
18801 | following line to your diary groups'parameters: | |
18802 | ||
18803 | @lisp | |
18804 | (gnus-summary-line-format "%U%R%z %uD: %(%s%) (%ud)\n") | |
18805 | @end lisp | |
18806 | ||
18807 | However, @code{gnus-diary} does it automatically (@pxref{Diary Group | |
18808 | Parameters}). You can however customize the provided summary line format | |
18809 | with the following user options: | |
18810 | ||
18811 | @defvar gnus-diary-summary-line-format | |
18812 | Defines the summary line format used for diary groups (@pxref{Summary | |
18813 | Buffer Lines}). @code{gnus-diary} uses it to automatically update the | |
18814 | diary groups'parameters. | |
18815 | @end defvar | |
18816 | ||
18817 | @defvar gnus-diary-time-format | |
18818 | Defines the format to display dates in diary summary buffers. This is | |
18819 | used by the @code{D} user format. See the docstring for details. | |
18820 | @end defvar | |
18821 | ||
18822 | @defvar gnus-diary-delay-format-function | |
18823 | Defines the format function to use for displaying delays (remaining | |
18824 | times) in diary summary buffers. This is used by the @code{d} user | |
18825 | format. There are currently built-in functions for English and French; | |
18826 | you can also define your own. See the docstring for details. | |
18827 | @end defvar | |
18828 | ||
18829 | @node Diary Articles Sorting | |
18830 | @subsubsection Diary Articles Sorting | |
18831 | @cindex diary articles sorting | |
18832 | @cindex diary summary lines sorting | |
18833 | @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-schedule | |
18834 | @findex gnus-thread-sort-by-schedule | |
18835 | @findex gnus-article-sort-by-schedule | |
18836 | ||
18837 | @code{gnus-diary} provides new sorting functions (@pxref{Sorting the | |
18838 | Summary Buffer} ) called @code{gnus-summary-sort-by-schedule}, | |
18839 | @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-schedule} and | |
18840 | @code{gnus-article-sort-by-schedule}. These functions let you organize | |
18841 | your diary summary buffers from the closest event to the farthest one. | |
18842 | ||
18843 | @code{gnus-diary} automatically installs | |
18844 | @code{gnus-summary-sort-by-schedule} as a menu item in the summary | |
18845 | buffer's ``sort'' menu, and the two others as the primary (hence | |
18846 | default) sorting functions in the group parameters (@pxref{Diary Group | |
18847 | Parameters}). | |
18848 | ||
18849 | @node Diary Headers Generation | |
18850 | @subsubsection Diary Headers Generation | |
18851 | @cindex diary headers generation | |
18852 | @findex gnus-diary-check-message | |
18853 | ||
18854 | @code{gnus-diary} provides a function called | |
18855 | @code{gnus-diary-check-message} to help you handle the @code{X-Diary-*} | |
18856 | headers. This function ensures that the current message contains all the | |
18857 | required diary headers, and prompts you for values or corrections if | |
18858 | needed. | |
18859 | ||
18860 | This function is hooked into the @code{nndiary} back end, so that | |
18861 | moving or copying an article to a diary group will trigger it | |
18862 | automatically. It is also bound to @kbd{C-c D c} in @code{message-mode} | |
18863 | and @code{article-edit-mode} in order to ease the process of converting | |
18864 | a usual mail to a diary one. | |
18865 | ||
18866 | This function takes a prefix argument which will force prompting of | |
18867 | all diary headers, regardless of their presence or validity. That way, | |
18868 | you can very easily reschedule an already valid diary message, for | |
18869 | instance. | |
18870 | ||
18871 | @node Diary Group Parameters | |
18872 | @subsubsection Diary Group Parameters | |
18873 | @cindex diary group parameters | |
18874 | ||
18875 | When you create a new diary group, or visit one, @code{gnus-diary} | |
18876 | automatically checks your group parameters and if needed, sets the | |
18877 | summary line format to the diary-specific value, installs the | |
18878 | diary-specific sorting functions, and also adds the different | |
18879 | @code{X-Diary-*} headers to the group's posting-style. It is then easier | |
18880 | to send a diary message, because if you use @kbd{C-u a} or @kbd{C-u m} | |
18881 | on a diary group to prepare a message, these headers will be inserted | |
18882 | automatically (although not filled with proper values yet). | |
18883 | ||
18884 | @node Sending or Not Sending | |
18885 | @subsection Sending or Not Sending | |
18886 | ||
18887 | Well, assuming you've read all of the above, here are two final notes on | |
18888 | mail sending with @code{nndiary}: | |
18889 | ||
18890 | @itemize @bullet | |
18891 | @item | |
18892 | @code{nndiary} is a @emph{real} mail back end. You really send real diary | |
18893 | messsages for real. This means for instance that you can give | |
18894 | appointments to anybody (provided they use Gnus and @code{nndiary}) by | |
18895 | sending the diary message to them as well. | |
18896 | @item | |
18897 | However, since @code{nndiary} also has a @code{request-post} method, you | |
18898 | can also use @kbd{C-u a} instead of @kbd{C-u m} on a diary group and the | |
18899 | message won't actually be sent; just stored locally in the group. This | |
18900 | comes in very handy for private appointments. | |
18901 | @end itemize | |
18902 | ||
18903 | @node Gnus Unplugged | |
18904 | @section Gnus Unplugged | |
18905 | @cindex offline | |
18906 | @cindex unplugged | |
18907 | @cindex agent | |
18908 | @cindex Gnus agent | |
18909 | @cindex Gnus unplugged | |
18910 | ||
18911 | In olden times (ca. February '88), people used to run their newsreaders | |
18912 | on big machines with permanent connections to the net. News transport | |
18913 | was dealt with by news servers, and all the newsreaders had to do was to | |
18914 | read news. Believe it or not. | |
18915 | ||
18916 | Nowadays most people read news and mail at home, and use some sort of | |
18917 | modem to connect to the net. To avoid running up huge phone bills, it | |
18918 | would be nice to have a way to slurp down all the news and mail, hang up | |
18919 | the phone, read for several hours, and then upload any responses you | |
18920 | have to make. And then you repeat the procedure. | |
18921 | ||
18922 | Of course, you can use news servers for doing this as well. I've used | |
18923 | @code{inn} together with @code{slurp}, @code{pop} and @code{sendmail} | |
18924 | for some years, but doing that's a bore. Moving the news server | |
18925 | functionality up to the newsreader makes sense if you're the only person | |
18926 | reading news on a machine. | |
18927 | ||
18928 | Setting up Gnus as an ``offline'' newsreader is quite simple. In | |
01c52d31 MB |
18929 | fact, you don't have to configure anything as the agent is now enabled |
18930 | by default (@pxref{Agent Variables, gnus-agent}). | |
4009494e GM |
18931 | |
18932 | Of course, to use it as such, you have to learn a few new commands. | |
18933 | ||
18934 | @menu | |
18935 | * Agent Basics:: How it all is supposed to work. | |
18936 | * Agent Categories:: How to tell the Gnus Agent what to download. | |
18937 | * Agent Commands:: New commands for all the buffers. | |
18938 | * Agent Visuals:: Ways that the agent may effect your summary buffer. | |
18939 | * Agent as Cache:: The Agent is a big cache too. | |
18940 | * Agent Expiry:: How to make old articles go away. | |
18941 | * Agent Regeneration:: How to recover from lost connections and other accidents. | |
01c52d31 | 18942 | * Agent and flags:: How the Agent maintains flags. |
4009494e GM |
18943 | * Agent and IMAP:: How to use the Agent with @acronym{IMAP}. |
18944 | * Outgoing Messages:: What happens when you post/mail something? | |
18945 | * Agent Variables:: Customizing is fun. | |
18946 | * Example Setup:: An example @file{~/.gnus.el} file for offline people. | |
18947 | * Batching Agents:: How to fetch news from a @code{cron} job. | |
18948 | * Agent Caveats:: What you think it'll do and what it does. | |
18949 | @end menu | |
18950 | ||
18951 | ||
18952 | @node Agent Basics | |
18953 | @subsection Agent Basics | |
18954 | ||
18955 | First, let's get some terminology out of the way. | |
18956 | ||
18957 | The Gnus Agent is said to be @dfn{unplugged} when you have severed the | |
18958 | connection to the net (and notified the Agent that this is the case). | |
18959 | When the connection to the net is up again (and Gnus knows this), the | |
18960 | Agent is @dfn{plugged}. | |
18961 | ||
18962 | The @dfn{local} machine is the one you're running on, and which isn't | |
18963 | connected to the net continuously. | |
18964 | ||
18965 | @dfn{Downloading} means fetching things from the net to your local | |
18966 | machine. @dfn{Uploading} is doing the opposite. | |
18967 | ||
18968 | You know that Gnus gives you all the opportunity you'd ever want for | |
18969 | shooting yourself in the foot. Some people call it flexibility. Gnus | |
18970 | is also customizable to a great extent, which means that the user has a | |
18971 | say on how Gnus behaves. Other newsreaders might unconditionally shoot | |
18972 | you in your foot, but with Gnus, you have a choice! | |
18973 | ||
18974 | Gnus is never really in plugged or unplugged state. Rather, it applies | |
18975 | that state to each server individually. This means that some servers | |
18976 | can be plugged while others can be unplugged. Additionally, some | |
18977 | servers can be ignored by the Agent altogether (which means that | |
18978 | they're kinda like plugged always). | |
18979 | ||
18980 | So when you unplug the Agent and then wonder why is Gnus opening a | |
18981 | connection to the Net, the next step to do is to look whether all | |
18982 | servers are agentized. If there is an unagentized server, you found | |
18983 | the culprit. | |
18984 | ||
18985 | Another thing is the @dfn{offline} state. Sometimes, servers aren't | |
18986 | reachable. When Gnus notices this, it asks you whether you want the | |
18987 | server to be switched to offline state. If you say yes, then the | |
18988 | server will behave somewhat as if it was unplugged, except that Gnus | |
18989 | will ask you whether you want to switch it back online again. | |
18990 | ||
18991 | Let's take a typical Gnus session using the Agent. | |
18992 | ||
18993 | @itemize @bullet | |
18994 | ||
18995 | @item | |
18996 | @findex gnus-unplugged | |
18997 | You start Gnus with @code{gnus-unplugged}. This brings up the Gnus | |
18998 | Agent in a disconnected state. You can read all the news that you have | |
18999 | already fetched while in this mode. | |
19000 | ||
19001 | @item | |
19002 | You then decide to see whether any new news has arrived. You connect | |
19003 | your machine to the net (using PPP or whatever), and then hit @kbd{J j} | |
19004 | to make Gnus become @dfn{plugged} and use @kbd{g} to check for new mail | |
19005 | as usual. To check for new mail in unplugged mode (@pxref{Mail | |
19006 | Source Specifiers}). | |
19007 | ||
19008 | @item | |
19009 | You can then read the new news immediately, or you can download the | |
19010 | news onto your local machine. If you want to do the latter, you press | |
19011 | @kbd{g} to check if there are any new news and then @kbd{J s} to fetch | |
19012 | all the eligible articles in all the groups. (To let Gnus know which | |
19013 | articles you want to download, @pxref{Agent Categories}). | |
19014 | ||
19015 | @item | |
19016 | After fetching the articles, you press @kbd{J j} to make Gnus become | |
19017 | unplugged again, and you shut down the PPP thing (or whatever). And | |
19018 | then you read the news offline. | |
19019 | ||
19020 | @item | |
19021 | And then you go to step 2. | |
19022 | @end itemize | |
19023 | ||
19024 | Here are some things you should do the first time (or so) that you use | |
19025 | the Agent. | |
19026 | ||
19027 | @itemize @bullet | |
19028 | ||
19029 | @item | |
19030 | Decide which servers should be covered by the Agent. If you have a mail | |
19031 | back end, it would probably be nonsensical to have it covered by the | |
19032 | Agent. Go to the server buffer (@kbd{^} in the group buffer) and press | |
19033 | @kbd{J a} on the server (or servers) that you wish to have covered by the | |
19034 | Agent (@pxref{Server Agent Commands}), or @kbd{J r} on automatically | |
19035 | added servers you do not wish to have covered by the Agent. By default, | |
19036 | all @code{nntp} and @code{nnimap} servers in @code{gnus-select-method} and | |
19037 | @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods} are agentized. | |
19038 | ||
19039 | @item | |
19040 | Decide on download policy. It's fairly simple once you decide whether | |
19041 | you are going to use agent categories, topic parameters, and/or group | |
19042 | parameters to implement your policy. If you're new to gnus, it | |
19043 | is probably best to start with a category, @xref{Agent Categories}. | |
19044 | ||
19045 | Both topic parameters (@pxref{Topic Parameters}) and agent categories | |
19046 | (@pxref{Agent Categories}) provide for setting a policy that applies | |
19047 | to multiple groups. Which you use is entirely up to you. Topic | |
19048 | parameters do override categories so, if you mix the two, you'll have | |
19049 | to take that into account. If you have a few groups that deviate from | |
19050 | your policy, you can use group parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}) to | |
19051 | configure them. | |
19052 | ||
19053 | @item | |
19054 | Uhm@dots{} that's it. | |
19055 | @end itemize | |
19056 | ||
19057 | ||
19058 | @node Agent Categories | |
19059 | @subsection Agent Categories | |
19060 | ||
19061 | One of the main reasons to integrate the news transport layer into the | |
19062 | newsreader is to allow greater control over what articles to download. | |
19063 | There's not much point in downloading huge amounts of articles, just to | |
19064 | find out that you're not interested in reading any of them. It's better | |
19065 | to be somewhat more conservative in choosing what to download, and then | |
19066 | mark the articles for downloading manually if it should turn out that | |
19067 | you're interested in the articles anyway. | |
19068 | ||
19069 | One of the more effective methods for controlling what is to be | |
19070 | downloaded is to create a @dfn{category} and then assign some (or all) | |
19071 | groups to this category. Groups that do not belong in any other | |
19072 | category belong to the @code{default} category. Gnus has its own | |
19073 | buffer for creating and managing categories. | |
19074 | ||
19075 | If you prefer, you can also use group parameters (@pxref{Group | |
19076 | Parameters}) and topic parameters (@pxref{Topic Parameters}) for an | |
19077 | alternative approach to controlling the agent. The only real | |
19078 | difference is that categories are specific to the agent (so there is | |
19079 | less to learn) while group and topic parameters include the kitchen | |
19080 | sink. | |
19081 | ||
19082 | Since you can set agent parameters in several different places we have | |
19083 | a rule to decide which source to believe. This rule specifies that | |
19084 | the parameter sources are checked in the following order: group | |
19085 | parameters, topic parameters, agent category, and finally customizable | |
19086 | variables. So you can mix all of these sources to produce a wide range | |
19087 | of behavior, just don't blame me if you don't remember where you put | |
19088 | your settings. | |
19089 | ||
19090 | @menu | |
19091 | * Category Syntax:: What a category looks like. | |
19092 | * Category Buffer:: A buffer for maintaining categories. | |
19093 | * Category Variables:: Customize'r'Us. | |
19094 | @end menu | |
19095 | ||
19096 | ||
19097 | @node Category Syntax | |
19098 | @subsubsection Category Syntax | |
19099 | ||
19100 | A category consists of a name, the list of groups belonging to the | |
19101 | category, and a number of optional parameters that override the | |
19102 | customizable variables. The complete list of agent parameters are | |
19103 | listed below. | |
19104 | ||
19105 | @cindex Agent Parameters | |
19106 | @table @code | |
01c52d31 | 19107 | @item agent-groups |
4009494e GM |
19108 | The list of groups that are in this category. |
19109 | ||
01c52d31 | 19110 | @item agent-predicate |
4009494e GM |
19111 | A predicate which (generally) gives a rough outline of which articles |
19112 | are eligible for downloading; and | |
19113 | ||
01c52d31 | 19114 | @item agent-score |
4009494e GM |
19115 | a score rule which (generally) gives you a finer granularity when |
19116 | deciding what articles to download. (Note that this @dfn{download | |
19117 | score} is not necessarily related to normal scores.) | |
19118 | ||
01c52d31 | 19119 | @item agent-enable-expiration |
4009494e GM |
19120 | a boolean indicating whether the agent should expire old articles in |
19121 | this group. Most groups should be expired to conserve disk space. In | |
19122 | fact, its probably safe to say that the gnus.* hierarchy contains the | |
19123 | only groups that should not be expired. | |
19124 | ||
01c52d31 | 19125 | @item agent-days-until-old |
4009494e GM |
19126 | an integer indicating the number of days that the agent should wait |
19127 | before deciding that a read article is safe to expire. | |
19128 | ||
01c52d31 | 19129 | @item agent-low-score |
4009494e GM |
19130 | an integer that overrides the value of @code{gnus-agent-low-score}. |
19131 | ||
01c52d31 | 19132 | @item agent-high-score |
4009494e GM |
19133 | an integer that overrides the value of @code{gnus-agent-high-score}. |
19134 | ||
01c52d31 | 19135 | @item agent-short-article |
4009494e GM |
19136 | an integer that overrides the value of |
19137 | @code{gnus-agent-short-article}. | |
19138 | ||
01c52d31 | 19139 | @item agent-long-article |
4009494e GM |
19140 | an integer that overrides the value of @code{gnus-agent-long-article}. |
19141 | ||
01c52d31 | 19142 | @item agent-enable-undownloaded-faces |
4009494e | 19143 | a symbol indicating whether the summary buffer should display |
01c52d31 MB |
19144 | undownloaded articles using the @code{gnus-summary-*-undownloaded-face} |
19145 | faces. Any symbol other than @code{nil} will enable the use of | |
19146 | undownloaded faces. | |
4009494e GM |
19147 | @end table |
19148 | ||
19149 | The name of a category can not be changed once the category has been | |
19150 | created. | |
19151 | ||
19152 | Each category maintains a list of groups that are exclusive members of | |
19153 | that category. The exclusivity rule is automatically enforced, add a | |
19154 | group to a new category and it is automatically removed from its old | |
19155 | category. | |
19156 | ||
19157 | A predicate in its simplest form can be a single predicate such as | |
19158 | @code{true} or @code{false}. These two will download every available | |
19159 | article or nothing respectively. In the case of these two special | |
19160 | predicates an additional score rule is superfluous. | |
19161 | ||
19162 | Predicates of @code{high} or @code{low} download articles in respect of | |
19163 | their scores in relationship to @code{gnus-agent-high-score} and | |
19164 | @code{gnus-agent-low-score} as described below. | |
19165 | ||
19166 | To gain even finer control of what is to be regarded eligible for | |
19167 | download a predicate can consist of a number of predicates with logical | |
19168 | operators sprinkled in between. | |
19169 | ||
19170 | Perhaps some examples are in order. | |
19171 | ||
19172 | Here's a simple predicate. (It's the default predicate, in fact, used | |
19173 | for all groups that don't belong to any other category.) | |
19174 | ||
19175 | @lisp | |
19176 | short | |
19177 | @end lisp | |
19178 | ||
19179 | Quite simple, eh? This predicate is true if and only if the article is | |
19180 | short (for some value of ``short''). | |
19181 | ||
19182 | Here's a more complex predicate: | |
19183 | ||
19184 | @lisp | |
19185 | (or high | |
19186 | (and | |
19187 | (not low) | |
19188 | (not long))) | |
19189 | @end lisp | |
19190 | ||
19191 | This means that an article should be downloaded if it has a high score, | |
19192 | or if the score is not low and the article is not long. You get the | |
19193 | drift. | |
19194 | ||
19195 | The available logical operators are @code{or}, @code{and} and | |
19196 | @code{not}. (If you prefer, you can use the more ``C''-ish operators | |
19197 | @samp{|}, @code{&} and @code{!} instead.) | |
19198 | ||
19199 | The following predicates are pre-defined, but if none of these fit what | |
19200 | you want to do, you can write your own. | |
19201 | ||
19202 | When evaluating each of these predicates, the named constant will be | |
19203 | bound to the value determined by calling | |
19204 | @code{gnus-agent-find-parameter} on the appropriate parameter. For | |
19205 | example, gnus-agent-short-article will be bound to | |
19206 | @code{(gnus-agent-find-parameter group 'agent-short-article)}. This | |
19207 | means that you can specify a predicate in your category then tune that | |
19208 | predicate to individual groups. | |
19209 | ||
19210 | @table @code | |
19211 | @item short | |
19212 | True if the article is shorter than @code{gnus-agent-short-article} | |
19213 | lines; default 100. | |
19214 | ||
19215 | @item long | |
19216 | True if the article is longer than @code{gnus-agent-long-article} | |
19217 | lines; default 200. | |
19218 | ||
19219 | @item low | |
19220 | True if the article has a download score less than | |
19221 | @code{gnus-agent-low-score}; default 0. | |
19222 | ||
19223 | @item high | |
19224 | True if the article has a download score greater than | |
19225 | @code{gnus-agent-high-score}; default 0. | |
19226 | ||
19227 | @item spam | |
19228 | True if the Gnus Agent guesses that the article is spam. The | |
19229 | heuristics may change over time, but at present it just computes a | |
19230 | checksum and sees whether articles match. | |
19231 | ||
19232 | @item true | |
19233 | Always true. | |
19234 | ||
19235 | @item false | |
19236 | Always false. | |
19237 | @end table | |
19238 | ||
19239 | If you want to create your own predicate function, here's what you have | |
19240 | to know: The functions are called with no parameters, but the | |
19241 | @code{gnus-headers} and @code{gnus-score} dynamic variables are bound to | |
19242 | useful values. | |
19243 | ||
19244 | For example, you could decide that you don't want to download articles | |
19245 | that were posted more than a certain number of days ago (e.g. posted | |
19246 | more than @code{gnus-agent-expire-days} ago) you might write a function | |
19247 | something along the lines of the following: | |
19248 | ||
19249 | @lisp | |
19250 | (defun my-article-old-p () | |
19251 | "Say whether an article is old." | |
19252 | (< (time-to-days (date-to-time (mail-header-date gnus-headers))) | |
19253 | (- (time-to-days (current-time)) gnus-agent-expire-days))) | |
19254 | @end lisp | |
19255 | ||
19256 | with the predicate then defined as: | |
19257 | ||
19258 | @lisp | |
19259 | (not my-article-old-p) | |
19260 | @end lisp | |
19261 | ||
19262 | or you could append your predicate to the predefined | |
19263 | @code{gnus-category-predicate-alist} in your @file{~/.gnus.el} or | |
19264 | wherever. | |
19265 | ||
19266 | @lisp | |
19267 | (require 'gnus-agent) | |
19268 | (setq gnus-category-predicate-alist | |
19269 | (append gnus-category-predicate-alist | |
19270 | '((old . my-article-old-p)))) | |
19271 | @end lisp | |
19272 | ||
19273 | and simply specify your predicate as: | |
19274 | ||
19275 | @lisp | |
19276 | (not old) | |
19277 | @end lisp | |
19278 | ||
19279 | If/when using something like the above, be aware that there are many | |
19280 | misconfigured systems/mailers out there and so an article's date is not | |
19281 | always a reliable indication of when it was posted. Hell, some people | |
19282 | just don't give a damn. | |
19283 | ||
19284 | The above predicates apply to @emph{all} the groups which belong to the | |
19285 | category. However, if you wish to have a specific predicate for an | |
19286 | individual group within a category, or you're just too lazy to set up a | |
19287 | new category, you can enter a group's individual predicate in its group | |
19288 | parameters like so: | |
19289 | ||
19290 | @lisp | |
19291 | (agent-predicate . short) | |
19292 | @end lisp | |
19293 | ||
19294 | This is the group/topic parameter equivalent of the agent category default. | |
19295 | Note that when specifying a single word predicate like this, the | |
19296 | @code{agent-predicate} specification must be in dotted pair notation. | |
19297 | ||
19298 | The equivalent of the longer example from above would be: | |
19299 | ||
19300 | @lisp | |
19301 | (agent-predicate or high (and (not low) (not long))) | |
19302 | @end lisp | |
19303 | ||
19304 | The outer parenthesis required in the category specification are not | |
19305 | entered here as, not being in dotted pair notation, the value of the | |
19306 | predicate is assumed to be a list. | |
19307 | ||
19308 | ||
19309 | Now, the syntax of the download score is the same as the syntax of | |
19310 | normal score files, except that all elements that require actually | |
19311 | seeing the article itself are verboten. This means that only the | |
19312 | following headers can be scored on: @code{Subject}, @code{From}, | |
19313 | @code{Date}, @code{Message-ID}, @code{References}, @code{Chars}, | |
19314 | @code{Lines}, and @code{Xref}. | |
19315 | ||
19316 | As with predicates, the specification of the @code{download score rule} | |
19317 | to use in respect of a group can be in either the category definition if | |
19318 | it's to be applicable to all groups in therein, or a group's parameters | |
19319 | if it's to be specific to that group. | |
19320 | ||
19321 | In both of these places the @code{download score rule} can take one of | |
19322 | three forms: | |
19323 | ||
19324 | @enumerate | |
19325 | @item | |
19326 | Score rule | |
19327 | ||
19328 | This has the same syntax as a normal Gnus score file except only a | |
19329 | subset of scoring keywords are available as mentioned above. | |
19330 | ||
19331 | example: | |
19332 | ||
19333 | @itemize @bullet | |
19334 | @item | |
19335 | Category specification | |
19336 | ||
19337 | @lisp | |
19338 | (("from" | |
19339 | ("Lars Ingebrigtsen" 1000000 nil s)) | |
19340 | ("lines" | |
19341 | (500 -100 nil <))) | |
19342 | @end lisp | |
19343 | ||
19344 | @item | |
19345 | Group/Topic Parameter specification | |
19346 | ||
19347 | @lisp | |
19348 | (agent-score ("from" | |
19349 | ("Lars Ingebrigtsen" 1000000 nil s)) | |
19350 | ("lines" | |
19351 | (500 -100 nil <))) | |
19352 | @end lisp | |
19353 | ||
19354 | Again, note the omission of the outermost parenthesis here. | |
19355 | @end itemize | |
19356 | ||
19357 | @item | |
19358 | Agent score file | |
19359 | ||
19360 | These score files must @emph{only} contain the permitted scoring | |
19361 | keywords stated above. | |
19362 | ||
19363 | example: | |
19364 | ||
19365 | @itemize @bullet | |
19366 | @item | |
19367 | Category specification | |
19368 | ||
19369 | @lisp | |
19370 | ("~/News/agent.SCORE") | |
19371 | @end lisp | |
19372 | ||
19373 | or perhaps | |
19374 | ||
19375 | @lisp | |
19376 | ("~/News/agent.SCORE" "~/News/agent.group.SCORE") | |
19377 | @end lisp | |
19378 | ||
19379 | @item | |
19380 | Group Parameter specification | |
19381 | ||
19382 | @lisp | |
19383 | (agent-score "~/News/agent.SCORE") | |
19384 | @end lisp | |
19385 | ||
19386 | Additional score files can be specified as above. Need I say anything | |
19387 | about parenthesis? | |
19388 | @end itemize | |
19389 | ||
19390 | @item | |
19391 | Use @code{normal} score files | |
19392 | ||
19393 | If you don't want to maintain two sets of scoring rules for a group, and | |
19394 | your desired @code{downloading} criteria for a group are the same as your | |
19395 | @code{reading} criteria then you can tell the agent to refer to your | |
19396 | @code{normal} score files when deciding what to download. | |
19397 | ||
19398 | These directives in either the category definition or a group's | |
19399 | parameters will cause the agent to read in all the applicable score | |
19400 | files for a group, @emph{filtering out} those sections that do not | |
19401 | relate to one of the permitted subset of scoring keywords. | |
19402 | ||
19403 | @itemize @bullet | |
19404 | @item | |
19405 | Category Specification | |
19406 | ||
19407 | @lisp | |
19408 | file | |
19409 | @end lisp | |
19410 | ||
19411 | @item | |
19412 | Group Parameter specification | |
19413 | ||
19414 | @lisp | |
19415 | (agent-score . file) | |
19416 | @end lisp | |
19417 | @end itemize | |
19418 | @end enumerate | |
19419 | ||
19420 | @node Category Buffer | |
19421 | @subsubsection Category Buffer | |
19422 | ||
19423 | You'd normally do all category maintenance from the category buffer. | |
19424 | When you enter it for the first time (with the @kbd{J c} command from | |
19425 | the group buffer), you'll only see the @code{default} category. | |
19426 | ||
19427 | The following commands are available in this buffer: | |
19428 | ||
19429 | @table @kbd | |
19430 | @item q | |
19431 | @kindex q (Category) | |
19432 | @findex gnus-category-exit | |
19433 | Return to the group buffer (@code{gnus-category-exit}). | |
19434 | ||
19435 | @item e | |
19436 | @kindex e (Category) | |
19437 | @findex gnus-category-customize-category | |
19438 | Use a customization buffer to set all of the selected category's | |
19439 | parameters at one time (@code{gnus-category-customize-category}). | |
19440 | ||
19441 | @item k | |
19442 | @kindex k (Category) | |
19443 | @findex gnus-category-kill | |
19444 | Kill the current category (@code{gnus-category-kill}). | |
19445 | ||
19446 | @item c | |
19447 | @kindex c (Category) | |
19448 | @findex gnus-category-copy | |
19449 | Copy the current category (@code{gnus-category-copy}). | |
19450 | ||
19451 | @item a | |
19452 | @kindex a (Category) | |
19453 | @findex gnus-category-add | |
19454 | Add a new category (@code{gnus-category-add}). | |
19455 | ||
19456 | @item p | |
19457 | @kindex p (Category) | |
19458 | @findex gnus-category-edit-predicate | |
19459 | Edit the predicate of the current category | |
19460 | (@code{gnus-category-edit-predicate}). | |
19461 | ||
19462 | @item g | |
19463 | @kindex g (Category) | |
19464 | @findex gnus-category-edit-groups | |
19465 | Edit the list of groups belonging to the current category | |
19466 | (@code{gnus-category-edit-groups}). | |
19467 | ||
19468 | @item s | |
19469 | @kindex s (Category) | |
19470 | @findex gnus-category-edit-score | |
19471 | Edit the download score rule of the current category | |
19472 | (@code{gnus-category-edit-score}). | |
19473 | ||
19474 | @item l | |
19475 | @kindex l (Category) | |
19476 | @findex gnus-category-list | |
19477 | List all the categories (@code{gnus-category-list}). | |
19478 | @end table | |
19479 | ||
19480 | ||
19481 | @node Category Variables | |
19482 | @subsubsection Category Variables | |
19483 | ||
19484 | @table @code | |
19485 | @item gnus-category-mode-hook | |
19486 | @vindex gnus-category-mode-hook | |
19487 | Hook run in category buffers. | |
19488 | ||
19489 | @item gnus-category-line-format | |
19490 | @vindex gnus-category-line-format | |
19491 | Format of the lines in the category buffer (@pxref{Formatting | |
19492 | Variables}). Valid elements are: | |
19493 | ||
19494 | @table @samp | |
19495 | @item c | |
19496 | The name of the category. | |
19497 | ||
19498 | @item g | |
19499 | The number of groups in the category. | |
19500 | @end table | |
19501 | ||
19502 | @item gnus-category-mode-line-format | |
19503 | @vindex gnus-category-mode-line-format | |
19504 | Format of the category mode line (@pxref{Mode Line Formatting}). | |
19505 | ||
19506 | @item gnus-agent-short-article | |
19507 | @vindex gnus-agent-short-article | |
19508 | Articles that have fewer lines than this are short. Default 100. | |
19509 | ||
19510 | @item gnus-agent-long-article | |
19511 | @vindex gnus-agent-long-article | |
19512 | Articles that have more lines than this are long. Default 200. | |
19513 | ||
19514 | @item gnus-agent-low-score | |
19515 | @vindex gnus-agent-low-score | |
19516 | Articles that have a score lower than this have a low score. Default | |
19517 | 0. | |
19518 | ||
19519 | @item gnus-agent-high-score | |
19520 | @vindex gnus-agent-high-score | |
19521 | Articles that have a score higher than this have a high score. Default | |
19522 | 0. | |
19523 | ||
19524 | @item gnus-agent-expire-days | |
19525 | @vindex gnus-agent-expire-days | |
19526 | The number of days that a @samp{read} article must stay in the agent's | |
19527 | local disk before becoming eligible for expiration (While the name is | |
19528 | the same, this doesn't mean expiring the article on the server. It | |
19529 | just means deleting the local copy of the article). What is also | |
19530 | important to understand is that the counter starts with the time the | |
19531 | article was written to the local disk and not the time the article was | |
19532 | read. | |
19533 | Default 7. | |
19534 | ||
19535 | @item gnus-agent-enable-expiration | |
19536 | @vindex gnus-agent-enable-expiration | |
19537 | Determines whether articles in a group are, by default, expired or | |
19538 | retained indefinitely. The default is @code{ENABLE} which means that | |
19539 | you'll have to disable expiration when desired. On the other hand, | |
19540 | you could set this to @code{DISABLE}. In that case, you would then | |
19541 | have to enable expiration in selected groups. | |
19542 | ||
19543 | @end table | |
19544 | ||
19545 | ||
19546 | @node Agent Commands | |
19547 | @subsection Agent Commands | |
19548 | @findex gnus-agent-toggle-plugged | |
19549 | @kindex J j (Agent) | |
19550 | ||
19551 | All the Gnus Agent commands are on the @kbd{J} submap. The @kbd{J j} | |
19552 | (@code{gnus-agent-toggle-plugged}) command works in all modes, and | |
19553 | toggles the plugged/unplugged state of the Gnus Agent. | |
19554 | ||
19555 | ||
19556 | @menu | |
19557 | * Group Agent Commands:: Configure groups and fetch their contents. | |
19558 | * Summary Agent Commands:: Manually select then fetch specific articles. | |
19559 | * Server Agent Commands:: Select the servers that are supported by the agent. | |
19560 | @end menu | |
19561 | ||
19562 | ||
19563 | ||
19564 | ||
19565 | @node Group Agent Commands | |
19566 | @subsubsection Group Agent Commands | |
19567 | ||
19568 | @table @kbd | |
19569 | @item J u | |
19570 | @kindex J u (Agent Group) | |
19571 | @findex gnus-agent-fetch-groups | |
19572 | Fetch all eligible articles in the current group | |
19573 | (@code{gnus-agent-fetch-groups}). | |
19574 | ||
19575 | @item J c | |
19576 | @kindex J c (Agent Group) | |
19577 | @findex gnus-enter-category-buffer | |
19578 | Enter the Agent category buffer (@code{gnus-enter-category-buffer}). | |
19579 | ||
19580 | @item J s | |
19581 | @kindex J s (Agent Group) | |
19582 | @findex gnus-agent-fetch-session | |
19583 | Fetch all eligible articles in all groups | |
19584 | (@code{gnus-agent-fetch-session}). | |
19585 | ||
19586 | @item J S | |
19587 | @kindex J S (Agent Group) | |
19588 | @findex gnus-group-send-queue | |
19589 | Send all sendable messages in the queue group | |
19590 | (@code{gnus-group-send-queue}). @xref{Drafts}. | |
19591 | ||
19592 | @item J a | |
19593 | @kindex J a (Agent Group) | |
19594 | @findex gnus-agent-add-group | |
19595 | Add the current group to an Agent category | |
19596 | (@code{gnus-agent-add-group}). This command understands the | |
19597 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
19598 | ||
19599 | @item J r | |
19600 | @kindex J r (Agent Group) | |
19601 | @findex gnus-agent-remove-group | |
19602 | Remove the current group from its category, if any | |
19603 | (@code{gnus-agent-remove-group}). This command understands the | |
19604 | process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). | |
19605 | ||
19606 | @item J Y | |
19607 | @kindex J Y (Agent Group) | |
19608 | @findex gnus-agent-synchronize-flags | |
19609 | Synchronize flags changed while unplugged with remote server, if any. | |
19610 | ||
19611 | ||
19612 | @end table | |
19613 | ||
19614 | ||
19615 | @node Summary Agent Commands | |
19616 | @subsubsection Summary Agent Commands | |
19617 | ||
19618 | @table @kbd | |
19619 | @item J # | |
19620 | @kindex J # (Agent Summary) | |
19621 | @findex gnus-agent-mark-article | |
19622 | Mark the article for downloading (@code{gnus-agent-mark-article}). | |
19623 | ||
19624 | @item J M-# | |
19625 | @kindex J M-# (Agent Summary) | |
19626 | @findex gnus-agent-unmark-article | |
19627 | Remove the downloading mark from the article | |
19628 | (@code{gnus-agent-unmark-article}). | |
19629 | ||
19630 | @cindex % | |
19631 | @item @@ | |
19632 | @kindex @@ (Agent Summary) | |
19633 | @findex gnus-agent-toggle-mark | |
19634 | Toggle whether to download the article | |
19635 | (@code{gnus-agent-toggle-mark}). The download mark is @samp{%} by | |
19636 | default. | |
19637 | ||
19638 | @item J c | |
19639 | @kindex J c (Agent Summary) | |
19640 | @findex gnus-agent-catchup | |
19641 | Mark all articles as read (@code{gnus-agent-catchup}) that are neither cached, downloaded, nor downloadable. | |
19642 | ||
19643 | @item J S | |
19644 | @kindex J S (Agent Summary) | |
19645 | @findex gnus-agent-fetch-group | |
19646 | Download all eligible (@pxref{Agent Categories}) articles in this group. | |
19647 | (@code{gnus-agent-fetch-group}). | |
19648 | ||
19649 | @item J s | |
19650 | @kindex J s (Agent Summary) | |
01c52d31 | 19651 | @findex gnus-agent-summary-fetch-series |
4009494e | 19652 | Download all processable articles in this group. |
01c52d31 | 19653 | (@code{gnus-agent-summary-fetch-series}). |
4009494e GM |
19654 | |
19655 | @item J u | |
19656 | @kindex J u (Agent Summary) | |
19657 | @findex gnus-agent-summary-fetch-group | |
19658 | Download all downloadable articles in the current group | |
19659 | (@code{gnus-agent-summary-fetch-group}). | |
19660 | ||
19661 | @end table | |
19662 | ||
19663 | ||
19664 | @node Server Agent Commands | |
19665 | @subsubsection Server Agent Commands | |
19666 | ||
19667 | @table @kbd | |
19668 | @item J a | |
19669 | @kindex J a (Agent Server) | |
19670 | @findex gnus-agent-add-server | |
19671 | Add the current server to the list of servers covered by the Gnus Agent | |
19672 | (@code{gnus-agent-add-server}). | |
19673 | ||
19674 | @item J r | |
19675 | @kindex J r (Agent Server) | |
19676 | @findex gnus-agent-remove-server | |
19677 | Remove the current server from the list of servers covered by the Gnus | |
19678 | Agent (@code{gnus-agent-remove-server}). | |
19679 | ||
19680 | @end table | |
19681 | ||
19682 | ||
19683 | @node Agent Visuals | |
19684 | @subsection Agent Visuals | |
19685 | ||
19686 | If you open a summary while unplugged and, Gnus knows from the group's | |
19687 | active range that there are more articles than the headers currently | |
19688 | stored in the Agent, you may see some articles whose subject looks | |
19689 | something like @samp{[Undownloaded article #####]}. These are | |
19690 | placeholders for the missing headers. Aside from setting a mark, | |
19691 | there is not much that can be done with one of these placeholders. | |
19692 | When Gnus finally gets a chance to fetch the group's headers, the | |
19693 | placeholders will automatically be replaced by the actual headers. | |
19694 | You can configure the summary buffer's maneuvering to skip over the | |
19695 | placeholders if you care (See @code{gnus-auto-goto-ignores}). | |
19696 | ||
19697 | While it may be obvious to all, the only headers and articles | |
19698 | available while unplugged are those headers and articles that were | |
19699 | fetched into the Agent while previously plugged. To put it another | |
19700 | way, ``If you forget to fetch something while plugged, you might have a | |
19701 | less than satisfying unplugged session''. For this reason, the Agent | |
19702 | adds two visual effects to your summary buffer. These effects display | |
19703 | the download status of each article so that you always know which | |
19704 | articles will be available when unplugged. | |
19705 | ||
19706 | The first visual effect is the @samp{%O} spec. If you customize | |
19707 | @code{gnus-summary-line-format} to include this specifier, you will add | |
19708 | a single character field that indicates an article's download status. | |
19709 | Articles that have been fetched into either the Agent or the Cache, | |
19710 | will display @code{gnus-downloaded-mark} (defaults to @samp{+}). All | |
19711 | other articles will display @code{gnus-undownloaded-mark} (defaults to | |
19712 | @samp{-}). If you open a group that has not been agentized, a space | |
19713 | (@samp{ }) will be displayed. | |
19714 | ||
19715 | The second visual effect are the undownloaded faces. The faces, there | |
19716 | are three indicating the article's score (low, normal, high), seem to | |
19717 | result in a love/hate response from many Gnus users. The problem is | |
19718 | that the face selection is controlled by a list of condition tests and | |
19719 | face names (See @code{gnus-summary-highlight}). Each condition is | |
19720 | tested in the order in which it appears in the list so early | |
19721 | conditions have precedence over later conditions. All of this means | |
19722 | that, if you tick an undownloaded article, the article will continue | |
19723 | to be displayed in the undownloaded face rather than the ticked face. | |
19724 | ||
19725 | If you use the Agent as a cache (to avoid downloading the same article | |
19726 | each time you visit it or to minimize your connection time), the | |
19727 | undownloaded face will probably seem like a good idea. The reason | |
19728 | being that you do all of our work (marking, reading, deleting) with | |
01c52d31 MB |
19729 | downloaded articles so the normal faces always appear. For those |
19730 | users using the agent to improve online performance by caching the NOV | |
19731 | database (most users since 5.10.2), the undownloaded faces may appear | |
19732 | to be an absolutely horrible idea. The issue being that, since none | |
19733 | of their articles have been fetched into the Agent, all of the | |
19734 | normal faces will be obscured by the undownloaded faces. | |
19735 | ||
19736 | If you would like to use the undownloaded faces, you must enable the | |
19737 | undownloaded faces by setting the @code{agent-enable-undownloaded-faces} | |
19738 | group parameter to @code{t}. This parameter, like all other agent | |
19739 | parameters, may be set on an Agent Category (@pxref{Agent Categories}), | |
19740 | a Group Topic (@pxref{Topic Parameters}), or an individual group | |
19741 | (@pxref{Group Parameters}). | |
19742 | ||
19743 | The one problem common to all users using the agent is how quickly it | |
19744 | can consume disk space. If you using the agent on many groups, it is | |
19745 | even more difficult to effectively recover disk space. One solution | |
19746 | is the @samp{%F} format available in @code{gnus-group-line-format}. | |
19747 | This format will display the actual disk space used by articles | |
19748 | fetched into both the agent and cache. By knowing which groups use | |
19749 | the most space, users know where to focus their efforts when ``agent | |
19750 | expiring'' articles. | |
4009494e GM |
19751 | |
19752 | @node Agent as Cache | |
19753 | @subsection Agent as Cache | |
19754 | ||
19755 | When Gnus is plugged, it is not efficient to download headers or | |
19756 | articles from the server again, if they are already stored in the | |
19757 | Agent. So, Gnus normally only downloads headers once, and stores them | |
19758 | in the Agent. These headers are later used when generating the summary | |
19759 | buffer, regardless of whether you are plugged or unplugged. Articles | |
19760 | are not cached in the Agent by default though (that would potentially | |
19761 | consume lots of disk space), but if you have already downloaded an | |
19762 | article into the Agent, Gnus will not download the article from the | |
19763 | server again but use the locally stored copy instead. | |
19764 | ||
19765 | If you so desire, you can configure the agent (see @code{gnus-agent-cache} | |
19766 | @pxref{Agent Variables}) to always download headers and articles while | |
19767 | plugged. Gnus will almost certainly be slower, but it will be kept | |
19768 | synchronized with the server. That last point probably won't make any | |
19769 | sense if you are using a nntp or nnimap back end. | |
19770 | ||
19771 | @node Agent Expiry | |
19772 | @subsection Agent Expiry | |
19773 | ||
19774 | @vindex gnus-agent-expire-days | |
19775 | @findex gnus-agent-expire | |
19776 | @kindex M-x gnus-agent-expire | |
19777 | @kindex M-x gnus-agent-expire-group | |
19778 | @findex gnus-agent-expire-group | |
19779 | @cindex agent expiry | |
19780 | @cindex Gnus agent expiry | |
19781 | @cindex expiry, in Gnus agent | |
19782 | ||
19783 | The Agent back end, @code{nnagent}, doesn't handle expiry. Well, at | |
19784 | least it doesn't handle it like other back ends. Instead, there are | |
19785 | special @code{gnus-agent-expire} and @code{gnus-agent-expire-group} | |
19786 | commands that will expire all read articles that are older than | |
19787 | @code{gnus-agent-expire-days} days. They can be run whenever you feel | |
19788 | that you're running out of space. Neither are particularly fast or | |
19789 | efficient, and it's not a particularly good idea to interrupt them (with | |
19790 | @kbd{C-g} or anything else) once you've started one of them. | |
19791 | ||
19792 | Note that other functions, e.g. @code{gnus-request-expire-articles}, | |
19793 | might run @code{gnus-agent-expire} for you to keep the agent | |
19794 | synchronized with the group. | |
19795 | ||
19796 | The agent parameter @code{agent-enable-expiration} may be used to | |
19797 | prevent expiration in selected groups. | |
19798 | ||
19799 | @vindex gnus-agent-expire-all | |
19800 | If @code{gnus-agent-expire-all} is non-@code{nil}, the agent | |
19801 | expiration commands will expire all articles---unread, read, ticked | |
19802 | and dormant. If @code{nil} (which is the default), only read articles | |
19803 | are eligible for expiry, and unread, ticked and dormant articles will | |
19804 | be kept indefinitely. | |
19805 | ||
19806 | If you find that some articles eligible for expiry are never expired, | |
19807 | perhaps some Gnus Agent files are corrupted. There's are special | |
19808 | commands, @code{gnus-agent-regenerate} and | |
19809 | @code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group}, to fix possible problems. | |
19810 | ||
19811 | @node Agent Regeneration | |
19812 | @subsection Agent Regeneration | |
19813 | ||
19814 | @cindex agent regeneration | |
19815 | @cindex Gnus agent regeneration | |
19816 | @cindex regeneration | |
19817 | ||
19818 | The local data structures used by @code{nnagent} may become corrupted | |
19819 | due to certain exceptional conditions. When this happens, | |
19820 | @code{nnagent} functionality may degrade or even fail. The solution | |
19821 | to this problem is to repair the local data structures by removing all | |
19822 | internal inconsistencies. | |
19823 | ||
19824 | For example, if your connection to your server is lost while | |
19825 | downloaded articles into the agent, the local data structures will not | |
19826 | know about articles successfully downloaded prior to the connection | |
19827 | failure. Running @code{gnus-agent-regenerate} or | |
19828 | @code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group} will update the data structures | |
19829 | such that you don't need to download these articles a second time. | |
19830 | ||
19831 | @findex gnus-agent-regenerate | |
19832 | @kindex M-x gnus-agent-regenerate | |
19833 | The command @code{gnus-agent-regenerate} will perform | |
19834 | @code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group} on every agentized group. While | |
19835 | you can run @code{gnus-agent-regenerate} in any buffer, it is strongly | |
19836 | recommended that you first close all summary buffers. | |
19837 | ||
19838 | @findex gnus-agent-regenerate-group | |
19839 | @kindex M-x gnus-agent-regenerate-group | |
19840 | The command @code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group} uses the local copies | |
19841 | of individual articles to repair the local @acronym{NOV}(header) database. It | |
19842 | then updates the internal data structures that document which articles | |
19843 | are stored locally. An optional argument will mark articles in the | |
19844 | agent as unread. | |
19845 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
19846 | @node Agent and flags |
19847 | @subsection Agent and flags | |
4009494e | 19848 | |
01c52d31 MB |
19849 | The Agent works with any Gnus back end including those, such as |
19850 | nnimap, that store flags (read, ticked, etc) on the server. Sadly, | |
19851 | the Agent does not actually know which backends keep their flags in | |
19852 | the backend server rather than in @file{.newsrc}. This means that the | |
19853 | Agent, while unplugged or disconnected, will always record all changes | |
19854 | to the flags in its own files. | |
4009494e | 19855 | |
01c52d31 MB |
19856 | When you plug back in, Gnus will then check to see if you have any |
19857 | changed any flags and ask if you wish to synchronize these with the | |
19858 | server. This behavior is customizable by @code{gnus-agent-synchronize-flags}. | |
4009494e GM |
19859 | |
19860 | @vindex gnus-agent-synchronize-flags | |
19861 | If @code{gnus-agent-synchronize-flags} is @code{nil}, the Agent will | |
19862 | never automatically synchronize flags. If it is @code{ask}, which is | |
19863 | the default, the Agent will check if you made any changes and if so | |
19864 | ask if you wish to synchronize these when you re-connect. If it has | |
19865 | any other value, all flags will be synchronized automatically. | |
19866 | ||
19867 | If you do not wish to synchronize flags automatically when you | |
19868 | re-connect, you can do it manually with the | |
19869 | @code{gnus-agent-synchronize-flags} command that is bound to @kbd{J Y} | |
19870 | in the group buffer. | |
19871 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
19872 | Technical note: the synchronization algorithm does not work by ``pushing'' |
19873 | all local flags to the server, but rather by incrementally updated the | |
19874 | server view of flags by changing only those flags that were changed by | |
19875 | the user. Thus, if you set one flag on an article, quit the group then | |
19876 | re-select the group and remove the flag; the flag will be set and | |
19877 | removed from the server when you ``synchronize''. The queued flag | |
19878 | operations can be found in the per-server @code{flags} file in the Agent | |
19879 | directory. It's emptied when you synchronize flags. | |
19880 | ||
19881 | @node Agent and IMAP | |
19882 | @subsection Agent and IMAP | |
19883 | ||
19884 | The Agent works with any Gnus back end, including nnimap. However, | |
19885 | since there are some conceptual differences between @acronym{NNTP} and | |
19886 | @acronym{IMAP}, this section (should) provide you with some information to | |
19887 | make Gnus Agent work smoother as a @acronym{IMAP} Disconnected Mode client. | |
19888 | ||
4009494e GM |
19889 | Some things are currently not implemented in the Agent that you'd might |
19890 | expect from a disconnected @acronym{IMAP} client, including: | |
19891 | ||
19892 | @itemize @bullet | |
19893 | ||
19894 | @item | |
19895 | Copying/moving articles into nnimap groups when unplugged. | |
19896 | ||
19897 | @item | |
19898 | Creating/deleting nnimap groups when unplugged. | |
19899 | ||
19900 | @end itemize | |
19901 | ||
4009494e GM |
19902 | @node Outgoing Messages |
19903 | @subsection Outgoing Messages | |
19904 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
19905 | By default, when Gnus is unplugged, all outgoing messages (both mail |
19906 | and news) are stored in the draft group ``queue'' (@pxref{Drafts}). | |
19907 | You can view them there after posting, and edit them at will. | |
4009494e | 19908 | |
01c52d31 MB |
19909 | You can control the circumstances under which outgoing mail is queued |
19910 | (see @code{gnus-agent-queue-mail}, @pxref{Agent Variables}). Outgoing | |
19911 | news is always queued when Gnus is unplugged, and never otherwise. | |
4009494e | 19912 | |
01c52d31 MB |
19913 | You can send the messages either from the draft group with the special |
19914 | commands available there, or you can use the @kbd{J S} command in the | |
19915 | group buffer to send all the sendable messages in the draft group. | |
19916 | Posting news will only work when Gnus is plugged, but you can send | |
19917 | mail at any time. | |
4009494e | 19918 | |
01c52d31 MB |
19919 | If sending mail while unplugged does not work for you and you worry |
19920 | about hitting @kbd{J S} by accident when unplugged, you can have Gnus | |
19921 | ask you to confirm your action (see | |
19922 | @code{gnus-agent-prompt-send-queue}, @pxref{Agent Variables}). | |
4009494e GM |
19923 | |
19924 | @node Agent Variables | |
19925 | @subsection Agent Variables | |
19926 | ||
19927 | @table @code | |
01c52d31 MB |
19928 | @item gnus-agent |
19929 | @vindex gnus-agent | |
19930 | Is the agent enabled? The default is @code{t}. When first enabled, | |
19931 | the agent will use @code{gnus-agent-auto-agentize-methods} to | |
19932 | automatically mark some back ends as agentized. You may change which | |
19933 | back ends are agentized using the agent commands in the server buffer. | |
19934 | ||
19935 | To enter the server buffer, use the @kbd{^} | |
19936 | (@code{gnus-group-enter-server-mode}) command in the group buffer. | |
19937 | ||
19938 | ||
4009494e GM |
19939 | @item gnus-agent-directory |
19940 | @vindex gnus-agent-directory | |
19941 | Where the Gnus Agent will store its files. The default is | |
19942 | @file{~/News/agent/}. | |
19943 | ||
19944 | @item gnus-agent-handle-level | |
19945 | @vindex gnus-agent-handle-level | |
19946 | Groups on levels (@pxref{Group Levels}) higher than this variable will | |
19947 | be ignored by the Agent. The default is @code{gnus-level-subscribed}, | |
19948 | which means that only subscribed group will be considered by the Agent | |
19949 | by default. | |
19950 | ||
19951 | @item gnus-agent-plugged-hook | |
19952 | @vindex gnus-agent-plugged-hook | |
19953 | Hook run when connecting to the network. | |
19954 | ||
19955 | @item gnus-agent-unplugged-hook | |
19956 | @vindex gnus-agent-unplugged-hook | |
19957 | Hook run when disconnecting from the network. | |
19958 | ||
19959 | @item gnus-agent-fetched-hook | |
19960 | @vindex gnus-agent-fetched-hook | |
19961 | Hook run when finished fetching articles. | |
19962 | ||
19963 | @item gnus-agent-cache | |
19964 | @vindex gnus-agent-cache | |
19965 | Variable to control whether use the locally stored @acronym{NOV} and | |
19966 | articles when plugged, e.g. essentially using the Agent as a cache. | |
19967 | The default is non-@code{nil}, which means to use the Agent as a cache. | |
19968 | ||
19969 | @item gnus-agent-go-online | |
19970 | @vindex gnus-agent-go-online | |
19971 | If @code{gnus-agent-go-online} is @code{nil}, the Agent will never | |
19972 | automatically switch offline servers into online status. If it is | |
19973 | @code{ask}, the default, the Agent will ask if you wish to switch | |
19974 | offline servers into online status when you re-connect. If it has any | |
19975 | other value, all offline servers will be automatically switched into | |
19976 | online status. | |
19977 | ||
19978 | @item gnus-agent-mark-unread-after-downloaded | |
19979 | @vindex gnus-agent-mark-unread-after-downloaded | |
19980 | If @code{gnus-agent-mark-unread-after-downloaded} is non-@code{nil}, | |
19981 | mark articles as unread after downloading. This is usually a safe | |
19982 | thing to do as the newly downloaded article has obviously not been | |
19983 | read. The default is @code{t}. | |
19984 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
19985 | @item gnus-agent-synchronize-flags |
19986 | @vindex gnus-agent-synchronize-flags | |
19987 | If @code{gnus-agent-synchronize-flags} is @code{nil}, the Agent will | |
19988 | never automatically synchronize flags. If it is @code{ask}, which is | |
19989 | the default, the Agent will check if you made any changes and if so | |
19990 | ask if you wish to synchronize these when you re-connect. If it has | |
19991 | any other value, all flags will be synchronized automatically. | |
19992 | ||
4009494e GM |
19993 | @item gnus-agent-consider-all-articles |
19994 | @vindex gnus-agent-consider-all-articles | |
19995 | If @code{gnus-agent-consider-all-articles} is non-@code{nil}, the | |
19996 | agent will let the agent predicate decide whether articles need to be | |
19997 | downloaded or not, for all articles. When @code{nil}, the default, | |
19998 | the agent will only let the predicate decide whether unread articles | |
19999 | are downloaded or not. If you enable this, you may also want to look | |
20000 | into the agent expiry settings (@pxref{Category Variables}), so that | |
20001 | the agent doesn't download articles which the agent will later expire, | |
20002 | over and over again. | |
20003 | ||
20004 | @item gnus-agent-max-fetch-size | |
20005 | @vindex gnus-agent-max-fetch-size | |
20006 | The agent fetches articles into a temporary buffer prior to parsing | |
20007 | them into individual files. To avoid exceeding the max. buffer size, | |
20008 | the agent alternates between fetching and parsing until all articles | |
20009 | have been fetched. @code{gnus-agent-max-fetch-size} provides a size | |
20010 | limit to control how often the cycling occurs. A large value improves | |
20011 | performance. A small value minimizes the time lost should the | |
20012 | connection be lost while fetching (You may need to run | |
20013 | @code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group} to update the group's state. | |
20014 | However, all articles parsed prior to loosing the connection will be | |
20015 | available while unplugged). The default is 10M so it is unusual to | |
20016 | see any cycling. | |
20017 | ||
20018 | @item gnus-server-unopen-status | |
20019 | @vindex gnus-server-unopen-status | |
20020 | Perhaps not an Agent variable, but closely related to the Agent, this | |
20021 | variable says what will happen if Gnus cannot open a server. If the | |
20022 | Agent is enabled, the default, @code{nil}, makes Gnus ask the user | |
20023 | whether to deny the server or whether to unplug the agent. If the | |
20024 | Agent is disabled, Gnus always simply deny the server. Other choices | |
20025 | for this variable include @code{denied} and @code{offline} the latter | |
20026 | is only valid if the Agent is used. | |
20027 | ||
20028 | @item gnus-auto-goto-ignores | |
20029 | @vindex gnus-auto-goto-ignores | |
20030 | Another variable that isn't an Agent variable, yet so closely related | |
20031 | that most will look for it here, this variable tells the summary | |
20032 | buffer how to maneuver around undownloaded (only headers stored in the | |
20033 | agent) and unfetched (neither article nor headers stored) articles. | |
20034 | ||
20035 | The valid values are @code{nil} (maneuver to any article), | |
20036 | @code{undownloaded} (maneuvering while unplugged ignores articles that | |
20037 | have not been fetched), @code{always-undownloaded} (maneuvering always | |
20038 | ignores articles that have not been fetched), @code{unfetched} | |
20039 | (maneuvering ignores articles whose headers have not been fetched). | |
20040 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
20041 | @item gnus-agent-queue-mail |
20042 | @vindex gnus-agent-queue-mail | |
20043 | When @code{gnus-agent-queue-mail} is @code{always}, Gnus will always | |
20044 | queue mail rather than sending it straight away. When @code{t}, Gnus | |
20045 | will queue mail when unplugged only. When @code{nil}, never queue | |
20046 | mail. The default is @code{t}. | |
20047 | ||
20048 | @item gnus-agent-prompt-send-queue | |
20049 | @vindex gnus-agent-prompt-send-queue | |
20050 | When @code{gnus-agent-prompt-send-queue} is non-@code{nil} Gnus will | |
20051 | prompt you to confirm that you really wish to proceed if you hit | |
20052 | @kbd{J S} while unplugged. The default is @code{nil}. | |
20053 | ||
4009494e GM |
20054 | @item gnus-agent-auto-agentize-methods |
20055 | @vindex gnus-agent-auto-agentize-methods | |
20056 | If you have never used the Agent before (or more technically, if | |
20057 | @file{~/News/agent/lib/servers} does not exist), Gnus will | |
20058 | automatically agentize a few servers for you. This variable control | |
01c52d31 MB |
20059 | which back ends should be auto-agentized. It is typically only useful |
20060 | to agentize remote back ends. The auto-agentizing has the same effect | |
4009494e GM |
20061 | as running @kbd{J a} on the servers (@pxref{Server Agent Commands}). |
20062 | If the file exist, you must manage the servers manually by adding or | |
20063 | removing them, this variable is only applicable the first time you | |
20064 | start Gnus. The default is @samp{(nntp nnimap)}. | |
20065 | ||
20066 | @end table | |
20067 | ||
20068 | ||
20069 | @node Example Setup | |
20070 | @subsection Example Setup | |
20071 | ||
20072 | If you don't want to read this manual, and you have a fairly standard | |
20073 | setup, you may be able to use something like the following as your | |
20074 | @file{~/.gnus.el} file to get started. | |
20075 | ||
20076 | @lisp | |
20077 | ;; @r{Define how Gnus is to fetch news. We do this over @acronym{NNTP}} | |
20078 | ;; @r{from your ISP's server.} | |
20079 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.your-isp.com")) | |
20080 | ||
20081 | ;; @r{Define how Gnus is to read your mail. We read mail from} | |
20082 | ;; @r{your ISP's @acronym{POP} server.} | |
20083 | (setq mail-sources '((pop :server "pop.your-isp.com"))) | |
20084 | ||
20085 | ;; @r{Say how Gnus is to store the mail. We use nnml groups.} | |
20086 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnml ""))) | |
20087 | ||
20088 | ;; @r{Make Gnus into an offline newsreader.} | |
20089 | ;; (gnus-agentize) ; @r{The obsolete setting.} | |
20090 | ;; (setq gnus-agent t) ; @r{Now the default.} | |
20091 | @end lisp | |
20092 | ||
20093 | That should be it, basically. Put that in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file, | |
20094 | edit to suit your needs, start up PPP (or whatever), and type @kbd{M-x | |
20095 | gnus}. | |
20096 | ||
20097 | If this is the first time you've run Gnus, you will be subscribed | |
20098 | automatically to a few default newsgroups. You'll probably want to | |
20099 | subscribe to more groups, and to do that, you have to query the | |
20100 | @acronym{NNTP} server for a complete list of groups with the @kbd{A A} | |
20101 | command. This usually takes quite a while, but you only have to do it | |
20102 | once. | |
20103 | ||
20104 | After reading and parsing a while, you'll be presented with a list of | |
20105 | groups. Subscribe to the ones you want to read with the @kbd{u} | |
20106 | command. @kbd{l} to make all the killed groups disappear after you've | |
20107 | subscribe to all the groups you want to read. (@kbd{A k} will bring | |
20108 | back all the killed groups.) | |
20109 | ||
20110 | You can now read the groups at once, or you can download the articles | |
20111 | with the @kbd{J s} command. And then read the rest of this manual to | |
20112 | find out which of the other gazillion things you want to customize. | |
20113 | ||
20114 | ||
20115 | @node Batching Agents | |
20116 | @subsection Batching Agents | |
20117 | @findex gnus-agent-batch | |
20118 | ||
20119 | Having the Gnus Agent fetch articles (and post whatever messages you've | |
20120 | written) is quite easy once you've gotten things set up properly. The | |
20121 | following shell script will do everything that is necessary: | |
20122 | ||
20123 | You can run a complete batch command from the command line with the | |
20124 | following incantation: | |
20125 | ||
20126 | @example | |
20127 | #!/bin/sh | |
20128 | emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -l ~/.gnus.el -f gnus-agent-batch >/dev/null 2>&1 | |
20129 | @end example | |
20130 | ||
20131 | ||
20132 | @node Agent Caveats | |
20133 | @subsection Agent Caveats | |
20134 | ||
20135 | The Gnus Agent doesn't seem to work like most other offline | |
20136 | newsreaders. Here are some common questions that some imaginary people | |
20137 | may ask: | |
20138 | ||
20139 | @table @dfn | |
20140 | @item If I read an article while plugged, do they get entered into the Agent? | |
20141 | ||
20142 | @strong{No}. If you want this behavior, add | |
20143 | @code{gnus-agent-fetch-selected-article} to | |
20144 | @code{gnus-select-article-hook}. | |
20145 | ||
20146 | @item If I read an article while plugged, and the article already exists in | |
20147 | the Agent, will it get downloaded once more? | |
20148 | ||
20149 | @strong{No}, unless @code{gnus-agent-cache} is @code{nil}. | |
20150 | ||
20151 | @end table | |
20152 | ||
20153 | In short, when Gnus is unplugged, it only looks into the locally stored | |
20154 | articles; when it's plugged, it talks to your ISP and may also use the | |
20155 | locally stored articles. | |
20156 | ||
20157 | ||
20158 | @node Scoring | |
20159 | @chapter Scoring | |
20160 | @cindex scoring | |
20161 | ||
20162 | Other people use @dfn{kill files}, but we here at Gnus Towers like | |
20163 | scoring better than killing, so we'd rather switch than fight. They do | |
20164 | something completely different as well, so sit up straight and pay | |
20165 | attention! | |
20166 | ||
20167 | @vindex gnus-summary-mark-below | |
20168 | All articles have a default score (@code{gnus-summary-default-score}), | |
20169 | which is 0 by default. This score may be raised or lowered either | |
20170 | interactively or by score files. Articles that have a score lower than | |
20171 | @code{gnus-summary-mark-below} are marked as read. | |
20172 | ||
20173 | Gnus will read any @dfn{score files} that apply to the current group | |
20174 | before generating the summary buffer. | |
20175 | ||
20176 | There are several commands in the summary buffer that insert score | |
20177 | entries based on the current article. You can, for instance, ask Gnus to | |
20178 | lower or increase the score of all articles with a certain subject. | |
20179 | ||
20180 | There are two sorts of scoring entries: Permanent and temporary. | |
20181 | Temporary score entries are self-expiring entries. Any entries that are | |
20182 | temporary and have not been used for, say, a week, will be removed | |
20183 | silently to help keep the sizes of the score files down. | |
20184 | ||
20185 | @menu | |
20186 | * Summary Score Commands:: Adding score entries for the current group. | |
20187 | * Group Score Commands:: General score commands. | |
20188 | * Score Variables:: Customize your scoring. (My, what terminology). | |
20189 | * Score File Format:: What a score file may contain. | |
20190 | * Score File Editing:: You can edit score files by hand as well. | |
20191 | * Adaptive Scoring:: Big Sister Gnus knows what you read. | |
20192 | * Home Score File:: How to say where new score entries are to go. | |
20193 | * Followups To Yourself:: Having Gnus notice when people answer you. | |
20194 | * Scoring On Other Headers:: Scoring on non-standard headers. | |
20195 | * Scoring Tips:: How to score effectively. | |
20196 | * Reverse Scoring:: That problem child of old is not problem. | |
20197 | * Global Score Files:: Earth-spanning, ear-splitting score files. | |
20198 | * Kill Files:: They are still here, but they can be ignored. | |
20199 | * Converting Kill Files:: Translating kill files to score files. | |
4009494e GM |
20200 | * Advanced Scoring:: Using logical expressions to build score rules. |
20201 | * Score Decays:: It can be useful to let scores wither away. | |
20202 | @end menu | |
20203 | ||
20204 | ||
20205 | @node Summary Score Commands | |
20206 | @section Summary Score Commands | |
20207 | @cindex score commands | |
20208 | ||
20209 | The score commands that alter score entries do not actually modify real | |
20210 | score files. That would be too inefficient. Gnus maintains a cache of | |
20211 | previously loaded score files, one of which is considered the | |
20212 | @dfn{current score file alist}. The score commands simply insert | |
20213 | entries into this list, and upon group exit, this list is saved. | |
20214 | ||
20215 | The current score file is by default the group's local score file, even | |
20216 | if no such score file actually exists. To insert score commands into | |
20217 | some other score file (e.g. @file{all.SCORE}), you must first make this | |
20218 | score file the current one. | |
20219 | ||
20220 | General score commands that don't actually change the score file: | |
20221 | ||
20222 | @table @kbd | |
20223 | ||
20224 | @item V s | |
20225 | @kindex V s (Summary) | |
20226 | @findex gnus-summary-set-score | |
20227 | Set the score of the current article (@code{gnus-summary-set-score}). | |
20228 | ||
20229 | @item V S | |
20230 | @kindex V S (Summary) | |
20231 | @findex gnus-summary-current-score | |
20232 | Display the score of the current article | |
20233 | (@code{gnus-summary-current-score}). | |
20234 | ||
20235 | @item V t | |
20236 | @kindex V t (Summary) | |
20237 | @findex gnus-score-find-trace | |
20238 | Display all score rules that have been used on the current article | |
20239 | (@code{gnus-score-find-trace}). In the @code{*Score Trace*} buffer, you | |
20240 | may type @kbd{e} to edit score file corresponding to the score rule on | |
20241 | current line and @kbd{f} to format (@code{gnus-score-pretty-print}) the | |
20242 | score file and edit it. | |
20243 | ||
20244 | @item V w | |
20245 | @kindex V w (Summary) | |
20246 | @findex gnus-score-find-favourite-words | |
20247 | List words used in scoring (@code{gnus-score-find-favourite-words}). | |
20248 | ||
20249 | @item V R | |
20250 | @kindex V R (Summary) | |
20251 | @findex gnus-summary-rescore | |
20252 | Run the current summary through the scoring process | |
20253 | (@code{gnus-summary-rescore}). This might be useful if you're playing | |
20254 | around with your score files behind Gnus' back and want to see the | |
20255 | effect you're having. | |
20256 | ||
20257 | @item V c | |
20258 | @kindex V c (Summary) | |
20259 | @findex gnus-score-change-score-file | |
20260 | Make a different score file the current | |
20261 | (@code{gnus-score-change-score-file}). | |
20262 | ||
20263 | @item V e | |
20264 | @kindex V e (Summary) | |
20265 | @findex gnus-score-edit-current-scores | |
20266 | Edit the current score file (@code{gnus-score-edit-current-scores}). | |
20267 | You will be popped into a @code{gnus-score-mode} buffer (@pxref{Score | |
20268 | File Editing}). | |
20269 | ||
20270 | @item V f | |
20271 | @kindex V f (Summary) | |
20272 | @findex gnus-score-edit-file | |
20273 | Edit a score file and make this score file the current one | |
20274 | (@code{gnus-score-edit-file}). | |
20275 | ||
20276 | @item V F | |
20277 | @kindex V F (Summary) | |
20278 | @findex gnus-score-flush-cache | |
20279 | Flush the score cache (@code{gnus-score-flush-cache}). This is useful | |
20280 | after editing score files. | |
20281 | ||
20282 | @item V C | |
20283 | @kindex V C (Summary) | |
20284 | @findex gnus-score-customize | |
20285 | Customize a score file in a visually pleasing manner | |
20286 | (@code{gnus-score-customize}). | |
20287 | ||
20288 | @end table | |
20289 | ||
20290 | The rest of these commands modify the local score file. | |
20291 | ||
20292 | @table @kbd | |
20293 | ||
20294 | @item V m | |
20295 | @kindex V m (Summary) | |
20296 | @findex gnus-score-set-mark-below | |
20297 | Prompt for a score, and mark all articles with a score below this as | |
20298 | read (@code{gnus-score-set-mark-below}). | |
20299 | ||
20300 | @item V x | |
20301 | @kindex V x (Summary) | |
20302 | @findex gnus-score-set-expunge-below | |
20303 | Prompt for a score, and add a score rule to the current score file to | |
20304 | expunge all articles below this score | |
20305 | (@code{gnus-score-set-expunge-below}). | |
20306 | @end table | |
20307 | ||
20308 | The keystrokes for actually making score entries follow a very regular | |
20309 | pattern, so there's no need to list all the commands. (Hundreds of | |
20310 | them.) | |
20311 | ||
20312 | @findex gnus-summary-increase-score | |
20313 | @findex gnus-summary-lower-score | |
20314 | ||
20315 | @enumerate | |
20316 | @item | |
20317 | The first key is either @kbd{I} (upper case i) for increasing the score | |
20318 | or @kbd{L} for lowering the score. | |
20319 | @item | |
20320 | The second key says what header you want to score on. The following | |
20321 | keys are available: | |
20322 | @table @kbd | |
20323 | ||
20324 | @item a | |
20325 | Score on the author name. | |
20326 | ||
20327 | @item s | |
20328 | Score on the subject line. | |
20329 | ||
20330 | @item x | |
20331 | Score on the @code{Xref} line---i.e., the cross-posting line. | |
20332 | ||
20333 | @item r | |
20334 | Score on the @code{References} line. | |
20335 | ||
20336 | @item d | |
20337 | Score on the date. | |
20338 | ||
20339 | @item l | |
20340 | Score on the number of lines. | |
20341 | ||
20342 | @item i | |
20343 | Score on the @code{Message-ID} header. | |
20344 | ||
20345 | @item e | |
20346 | Score on an ``extra'' header, that is, one of those in gnus-extra-headers, | |
20347 | if your @acronym{NNTP} server tracks additional header data in overviews. | |
20348 | ||
20349 | @item f | |
20350 | Score on followups---this matches the author name, and adds scores to | |
20351 | the followups to this author. (Using this key leads to the creation of | |
20352 | @file{ADAPT} files.) | |
20353 | ||
20354 | @item b | |
20355 | Score on the body. | |
20356 | ||
20357 | @item h | |
20358 | Score on the head. | |
20359 | ||
20360 | @item t | |
20361 | Score on thread. (Using this key leads to the creation of @file{ADAPT} | |
20362 | files.) | |
20363 | ||
20364 | @end table | |
20365 | ||
20366 | @item | |
20367 | The third key is the match type. Which match types are valid depends on | |
20368 | what headers you are scoring on. | |
20369 | ||
20370 | @table @code | |
20371 | ||
20372 | @item strings | |
20373 | ||
20374 | @table @kbd | |
20375 | ||
20376 | @item e | |
20377 | Exact matching. | |
20378 | ||
20379 | @item s | |
20380 | Substring matching. | |
20381 | ||
20382 | @item f | |
20383 | Fuzzy matching (@pxref{Fuzzy Matching}). | |
20384 | ||
20385 | @item r | |
20386 | Regexp matching | |
20387 | @end table | |
20388 | ||
20389 | @item date | |
20390 | @table @kbd | |
20391 | ||
20392 | @item b | |
20393 | Before date. | |
20394 | ||
20395 | @item a | |
20396 | After date. | |
20397 | ||
20398 | @item n | |
20399 | This date. | |
20400 | @end table | |
20401 | ||
20402 | @item number | |
20403 | @table @kbd | |
20404 | ||
20405 | @item < | |
20406 | Less than number. | |
20407 | ||
20408 | @item = | |
20409 | Equal to number. | |
20410 | ||
20411 | @item > | |
20412 | Greater than number. | |
20413 | @end table | |
20414 | @end table | |
20415 | ||
20416 | @item | |
20417 | The fourth and usually final key says whether this is a temporary (i.e., | |
20418 | expiring) score entry, or a permanent (i.e., non-expiring) score entry, | |
20419 | or whether it is to be done immediately, without adding to the score | |
20420 | file. | |
20421 | @table @kbd | |
20422 | ||
20423 | @item t | |
20424 | Temporary score entry. | |
20425 | ||
20426 | @item p | |
20427 | Permanent score entry. | |
20428 | ||
20429 | @item i | |
20430 | Immediately scoring. | |
20431 | @end table | |
20432 | ||
20433 | @item | |
20434 | If you are scoring on `e' (extra) headers, you will then be prompted for | |
20435 | the header name on which you wish to score. This must be a header named | |
20436 | in gnus-extra-headers, and @samp{TAB} completion is available. | |
20437 | ||
20438 | @end enumerate | |
20439 | ||
20440 | So, let's say you want to increase the score on the current author with | |
20441 | exact matching permanently: @kbd{I a e p}. If you want to lower the | |
20442 | score based on the subject line, using substring matching, and make a | |
20443 | temporary score entry: @kbd{L s s t}. Pretty easy. | |
20444 | ||
20445 | To make things a bit more complicated, there are shortcuts. If you use | |
20446 | a capital letter on either the second or third keys, Gnus will use | |
20447 | defaults for the remaining one or two keystrokes. The defaults are | |
20448 | ``substring'' and ``temporary''. So @kbd{I A} is the same as @kbd{I a s | |
20449 | t}, and @kbd{I a R} is the same as @kbd{I a r t}. | |
20450 | ||
20451 | These functions take both the numerical prefix and the symbolic prefix | |
20452 | (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}). A numerical prefix says how much to lower | |
20453 | (or increase) the score of the article. A symbolic prefix of @code{a} | |
20454 | says to use the @file{all.SCORE} file for the command instead of the | |
20455 | current score file. | |
20456 | ||
20457 | @vindex gnus-score-mimic-keymap | |
20458 | The @code{gnus-score-mimic-keymap} says whether these commands will | |
20459 | pretend they are keymaps or not. | |
20460 | ||
20461 | ||
20462 | @node Group Score Commands | |
20463 | @section Group Score Commands | |
20464 | @cindex group score commands | |
20465 | ||
20466 | There aren't many of these as yet, I'm afraid. | |
20467 | ||
20468 | @table @kbd | |
20469 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
20470 | @item W e |
20471 | @kindex W e (Group) | |
20472 | @findex gnus-score-edit-all-score | |
20473 | Edit the apply-to-all-groups all.SCORE file. You will be popped into | |
20474 | a @code{gnus-score-mode} buffer (@pxref{Score File Editing}). | |
20475 | ||
4009494e GM |
20476 | @item W f |
20477 | @kindex W f (Group) | |
20478 | @findex gnus-score-flush-cache | |
20479 | Gnus maintains a cache of score alists to avoid having to reload them | |
20480 | all the time. This command will flush the cache | |
20481 | (@code{gnus-score-flush-cache}). | |
20482 | ||
20483 | @end table | |
20484 | ||
20485 | You can do scoring from the command line by saying something like: | |
20486 | ||
20487 | @findex gnus-batch-score | |
20488 | @cindex batch scoring | |
20489 | @example | |
20490 | $ emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -l ~/.gnus.el -f gnus-batch-score | |
20491 | @end example | |
20492 | ||
20493 | ||
20494 | @node Score Variables | |
20495 | @section Score Variables | |
20496 | @cindex score variables | |
20497 | ||
20498 | @table @code | |
20499 | ||
20500 | @item gnus-use-scoring | |
20501 | @vindex gnus-use-scoring | |
20502 | If @code{nil}, Gnus will not check for score files, and will not, in | |
20503 | general, do any score-related work. This is @code{t} by default. | |
20504 | ||
20505 | @item gnus-kill-killed | |
20506 | @vindex gnus-kill-killed | |
20507 | If this variable is @code{nil}, Gnus will never apply score files to | |
20508 | articles that have already been through the kill process. While this | |
20509 | may save you lots of time, it also means that if you apply a kill file | |
20510 | to a group, and then change the kill file and want to run it over you | |
20511 | group again to kill more articles, it won't work. You have to set this | |
20512 | variable to @code{t} to do that. (It is @code{t} by default.) | |
20513 | ||
20514 | @item gnus-kill-files-directory | |
20515 | @vindex gnus-kill-files-directory | |
20516 | All kill and score files will be stored in this directory, which is | |
20517 | initialized from the @env{SAVEDIR} environment variable by default. | |
20518 | This is @file{~/News/} by default. | |
20519 | ||
20520 | @item gnus-score-file-suffix | |
20521 | @vindex gnus-score-file-suffix | |
20522 | Suffix to add to the group name to arrive at the score file name | |
20523 | (@file{SCORE} by default.) | |
20524 | ||
20525 | @item gnus-score-uncacheable-files | |
20526 | @vindex gnus-score-uncacheable-files | |
20527 | @cindex score cache | |
20528 | All score files are normally cached to avoid excessive re-loading of | |
20529 | score files. However, if this might make your Emacs grow big and | |
20530 | bloated, so this regexp can be used to weed out score files unlikely | |
20531 | to be needed again. It would be a bad idea to deny caching of | |
20532 | @file{all.SCORE}, while it might be a good idea to not cache | |
20533 | @file{comp.infosystems.www.authoring.misc.ADAPT}. In fact, this | |
20534 | variable is @samp{ADAPT$} by default, so no adaptive score files will | |
20535 | be cached. | |
20536 | ||
20537 | @item gnus-save-score | |
20538 | @vindex gnus-save-score | |
20539 | If you have really complicated score files, and do lots of batch | |
20540 | scoring, then you might set this variable to @code{t}. This will make | |
20541 | Gnus save the scores into the @file{.newsrc.eld} file. | |
20542 | ||
20543 | If you do not set this to @code{t}, then manual scores (like those set | |
20544 | with @kbd{V s} (@code{gnus-summary-set-score})) will not be preserved | |
20545 | across group visits. | |
20546 | ||
20547 | @item gnus-score-interactive-default-score | |
20548 | @vindex gnus-score-interactive-default-score | |
20549 | Score used by all the interactive raise/lower commands to raise/lower | |
20550 | score with. Default is 1000, which may seem excessive, but this is to | |
20551 | ensure that the adaptive scoring scheme gets enough room to play with. | |
20552 | We don't want the small changes from the adaptive scoring to overwrite | |
20553 | manually entered data. | |
20554 | ||
20555 | @item gnus-summary-default-score | |
20556 | @vindex gnus-summary-default-score | |
20557 | Default score of an article, which is 0 by default. | |
20558 | ||
20559 | @item gnus-summary-expunge-below | |
20560 | @vindex gnus-summary-expunge-below | |
20561 | Don't display the summary lines of articles that have scores lower than | |
20562 | this variable. This is @code{nil} by default, which means that no | |
20563 | articles will be hidden. This variable is local to the summary buffers, | |
20564 | and has to be set from @code{gnus-summary-mode-hook}. | |
20565 | ||
20566 | @item gnus-score-over-mark | |
20567 | @vindex gnus-score-over-mark | |
20568 | Mark (in the third column) used for articles with a score over the | |
20569 | default. Default is @samp{+}. | |
20570 | ||
20571 | @item gnus-score-below-mark | |
20572 | @vindex gnus-score-below-mark | |
20573 | Mark (in the third column) used for articles with a score below the | |
20574 | default. Default is @samp{-}. | |
20575 | ||
20576 | @item gnus-score-find-score-files-function | |
20577 | @vindex gnus-score-find-score-files-function | |
20578 | Function used to find score files for the current group. This function | |
20579 | is called with the name of the group as the argument. | |
20580 | ||
20581 | Predefined functions available are: | |
20582 | @table @code | |
20583 | ||
20584 | @item gnus-score-find-single | |
20585 | @findex gnus-score-find-single | |
20586 | Only apply the group's own score file. | |
20587 | ||
20588 | @item gnus-score-find-bnews | |
20589 | @findex gnus-score-find-bnews | |
20590 | Apply all score files that match, using bnews syntax. This is the | |
20591 | default. If the current group is @samp{gnu.emacs.gnus}, for instance, | |
20592 | @file{all.emacs.all.SCORE}, @file{not.alt.all.SCORE} and | |
20593 | @file{gnu.all.SCORE} would all apply. In short, the instances of | |
20594 | @samp{all} in the score file names are translated into @samp{.*}, and | |
20595 | then a regexp match is done. | |
20596 | ||
20597 | This means that if you have some score entries that you want to apply to | |
20598 | all groups, then you put those entries in the @file{all.SCORE} file. | |
20599 | ||
20600 | The score files are applied in a semi-random order, although Gnus will | |
20601 | try to apply the more general score files before the more specific score | |
20602 | files. It does this by looking at the number of elements in the score | |
20603 | file names---discarding the @samp{all} elements. | |
20604 | ||
20605 | @item gnus-score-find-hierarchical | |
20606 | @findex gnus-score-find-hierarchical | |
20607 | Apply all score files from all the parent groups. This means that you | |
20608 | can't have score files like @file{all.SCORE}, but you can have | |
20609 | @file{SCORE}, @file{comp.SCORE} and @file{comp.emacs.SCORE} for each | |
20610 | server. | |
20611 | ||
20612 | @end table | |
20613 | This variable can also be a list of functions. In that case, all | |
20614 | these functions will be called with the group name as argument, and | |
20615 | all the returned lists of score files will be applied. These | |
20616 | functions can also return lists of lists of score alists directly. In | |
20617 | that case, the functions that return these non-file score alists | |
20618 | should probably be placed before the ``real'' score file functions, to | |
20619 | ensure that the last score file returned is the local score file. | |
20620 | Phu. | |
20621 | ||
20622 | For example, to do hierarchical scoring but use a non-server-specific | |
20623 | overall score file, you could use the value | |
20624 | @example | |
20625 | (list (lambda (group) ("all.SCORE")) | |
20626 | 'gnus-score-find-hierarchical) | |
20627 | @end example | |
20628 | ||
20629 | @item gnus-score-expiry-days | |
20630 | @vindex gnus-score-expiry-days | |
20631 | This variable says how many days should pass before an unused score file | |
20632 | entry is expired. If this variable is @code{nil}, no score file entries | |
20633 | are expired. It's 7 by default. | |
20634 | ||
20635 | @item gnus-update-score-entry-dates | |
20636 | @vindex gnus-update-score-entry-dates | |
20637 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, temporary score entries that have | |
20638 | been triggered (matched) will have their dates updated. (This is how Gnus | |
20639 | controls expiry---all non-matched-entries will become too old while | |
20640 | matched entries will stay fresh and young.) However, if you set this | |
20641 | variable to @code{nil}, even matched entries will grow old and will | |
20642 | have to face that oh-so grim reaper. | |
20643 | ||
20644 | @item gnus-score-after-write-file-function | |
20645 | @vindex gnus-score-after-write-file-function | |
20646 | Function called with the name of the score file just written. | |
20647 | ||
20648 | @item gnus-score-thread-simplify | |
20649 | @vindex gnus-score-thread-simplify | |
20650 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, article subjects will be | |
20651 | simplified for subject scoring purposes in the same manner as with | |
20652 | threading---according to the current value of | |
20653 | @code{gnus-simplify-subject-functions}. If the scoring entry uses | |
20654 | @code{substring} or @code{exact} matching, the match will also be | |
20655 | simplified in this manner. | |
20656 | ||
20657 | @end table | |
20658 | ||
20659 | ||
20660 | @node Score File Format | |
20661 | @section Score File Format | |
20662 | @cindex score file format | |
20663 | ||
20664 | A score file is an @code{emacs-lisp} file that normally contains just a | |
20665 | single form. Casual users are not expected to edit these files; | |
20666 | everything can be changed from the summary buffer. | |
20667 | ||
20668 | Anyway, if you'd like to dig into it yourself, here's an example: | |
20669 | ||
20670 | @lisp | |
20671 | (("from" | |
20672 | ("Lars Ingebrigtsen" -10000) | |
20673 | ("Per Abrahamsen") | |
20674 | ("larsi\\|lmi" -50000 nil R)) | |
20675 | ("subject" | |
20676 | ("Ding is Badd" nil 728373)) | |
20677 | ("xref" | |
20678 | ("alt.politics" -1000 728372 s)) | |
20679 | ("lines" | |
20680 | (2 -100 nil <)) | |
20681 | (mark 0) | |
20682 | (expunge -1000) | |
20683 | (mark-and-expunge -10) | |
20684 | (read-only nil) | |
20685 | (orphan -10) | |
20686 | (adapt t) | |
20687 | (files "/hom/larsi/News/gnu.SCORE") | |
20688 | (exclude-files "all.SCORE") | |
20689 | (local (gnus-newsgroup-auto-expire t) | |
20690 | (gnus-summary-make-false-root empty)) | |
20691 | (eval (ding))) | |
20692 | @end lisp | |
20693 | ||
20694 | This example demonstrates most score file elements. @xref{Advanced | |
20695 | Scoring}, for a different approach. | |
20696 | ||
20697 | Even though this looks much like Lisp code, nothing here is actually | |
20698 | @code{eval}ed. The Lisp reader is used to read this form, though, so it | |
20699 | has to be valid syntactically, if not semantically. | |
20700 | ||
20701 | Six keys are supported by this alist: | |
20702 | ||
20703 | @table @code | |
20704 | ||
20705 | @item STRING | |
20706 | If the key is a string, it is the name of the header to perform the | |
20707 | match on. Scoring can only be performed on these eight headers: | |
20708 | @code{From}, @code{Subject}, @code{References}, @code{Message-ID}, | |
20709 | @code{Xref}, @code{Lines}, @code{Chars} and @code{Date}. In addition to | |
20710 | these headers, there are three strings to tell Gnus to fetch the entire | |
20711 | article and do the match on larger parts of the article: @code{Body} | |
20712 | will perform the match on the body of the article, @code{Head} will | |
20713 | perform the match on the head of the article, and @code{All} will | |
20714 | perform the match on the entire article. Note that using any of these | |
20715 | last three keys will slow down group entry @emph{considerably}. The | |
20716 | final ``header'' you can score on is @code{Followup}. These score | |
20717 | entries will result in new score entries being added for all follow-ups | |
20718 | to articles that matches these score entries. | |
20719 | ||
20720 | Following this key is an arbitrary number of score entries, where each | |
20721 | score entry has one to four elements. | |
20722 | @enumerate | |
20723 | ||
20724 | @item | |
20725 | The first element is the @dfn{match element}. On most headers this will | |
20726 | be a string, but on the Lines and Chars headers, this must be an | |
20727 | integer. | |
20728 | ||
20729 | @item | |
20730 | If the second element is present, it should be a number---the @dfn{score | |
20731 | element}. This number should be an integer in the neginf to posinf | |
20732 | interval. This number is added to the score of the article if the match | |
20733 | is successful. If this element is not present, the | |
20734 | @code{gnus-score-interactive-default-score} number will be used | |
20735 | instead. This is 1000 by default. | |
20736 | ||
20737 | @item | |
20738 | If the third element is present, it should be a number---the @dfn{date | |
20739 | element}. This date says when the last time this score entry matched, | |
20740 | which provides a mechanism for expiring the score entries. It this | |
20741 | element is not present, the score entry is permanent. The date is | |
20742 | represented by the number of days since December 31, 1 BCE. | |
20743 | ||
20744 | @item | |
20745 | If the fourth element is present, it should be a symbol---the @dfn{type | |
20746 | element}. This element specifies what function should be used to see | |
20747 | whether this score entry matches the article. What match types that can | |
20748 | be used depends on what header you wish to perform the match on. | |
20749 | @table @dfn | |
20750 | ||
20751 | @item From, Subject, References, Xref, Message-ID | |
20752 | For most header types, there are the @code{r} and @code{R} (regexp), as | |
20753 | well as @code{s} and @code{S} (substring) types, and @code{e} and | |
20754 | @code{E} (exact match), and @code{w} (word match) types. If this | |
20755 | element is not present, Gnus will assume that substring matching should | |
20756 | be used. @code{R}, @code{S}, and @code{E} differ from the others in | |
20757 | that the matches will be done in a case-sensitive manner. All these | |
20758 | one-letter types are really just abbreviations for the @code{regexp}, | |
20759 | @code{string}, @code{exact}, and @code{word} types, which you can use | |
20760 | instead, if you feel like. | |
20761 | ||
20762 | @item Extra | |
20763 | Just as for the standard string overview headers, if you are using | |
20764 | gnus-extra-headers, you can score on these headers' values. In this | |
20765 | case, there is a 5th element in the score entry, being the name of the | |
20766 | header to be scored. The following entry is useful in your | |
20767 | @file{all.SCORE} file in case of spam attacks from a single origin | |
20768 | host, if your @acronym{NNTP} server tracks @samp{NNTP-Posting-Host} in | |
20769 | overviews: | |
20770 | ||
20771 | @lisp | |
20772 | ("111.222.333.444" -1000 nil s | |
20773 | "NNTP-Posting-Host") | |
20774 | @end lisp | |
20775 | ||
20776 | @item Lines, Chars | |
20777 | These two headers use different match types: @code{<}, @code{>}, | |
20778 | @code{=}, @code{>=} and @code{<=}. | |
20779 | ||
20780 | These predicates are true if | |
20781 | ||
20782 | @example | |
20783 | (PREDICATE HEADER MATCH) | |
20784 | @end example | |
20785 | ||
20786 | evaluates to non-@code{nil}. For instance, the advanced match | |
20787 | @code{("lines" 4 <)} (@pxref{Advanced Scoring}) will result in the | |
20788 | following form: | |
20789 | ||
20790 | @lisp | |
20791 | (< header-value 4) | |
20792 | @end lisp | |
20793 | ||
20794 | Or to put it another way: When using @code{<} on @code{Lines} with 4 as | |
20795 | the match, we get the score added if the article has less than 4 lines. | |
20796 | (It's easy to get confused and think it's the other way around. But | |
20797 | it's not. I think.) | |
20798 | ||
20799 | When matching on @code{Lines}, be careful because some back ends (like | |
20800 | @code{nndir}) do not generate @code{Lines} header, so every article ends | |
20801 | up being marked as having 0 lines. This can lead to strange results if | |
20802 | you happen to lower score of the articles with few lines. | |
20803 | ||
20804 | @item Date | |
20805 | For the Date header we have three kinda silly match types: | |
20806 | @code{before}, @code{at} and @code{after}. I can't really imagine this | |
20807 | ever being useful, but, like, it would feel kinda silly not to provide | |
20808 | this function. Just in case. You never know. Better safe than sorry. | |
20809 | Once burnt, twice shy. Don't judge a book by its cover. Never not have | |
20810 | sex on a first date. (I have been told that at least one person, and I | |
20811 | quote, ``found this function indispensable'', however.) | |
20812 | ||
20813 | @cindex ISO8601 | |
20814 | @cindex date | |
20815 | A more useful match type is @code{regexp}. With it, you can match the | |
20816 | date string using a regular expression. The date is normalized to | |
20817 | ISO8601 compact format first---@var{YYYYMMDD}@code{T}@var{HHMMSS}. If | |
20818 | you want to match all articles that have been posted on April 1st in | |
20819 | every year, you could use @samp{....0401.........} as a match string, | |
20820 | for instance. (Note that the date is kept in its original time zone, so | |
20821 | this will match articles that were posted when it was April 1st where | |
20822 | the article was posted from. Time zones are such wholesome fun for the | |
20823 | whole family, eh?) | |
20824 | ||
20825 | @item Head, Body, All | |
20826 | These three match keys use the same match types as the @code{From} (etc) | |
20827 | header uses. | |
20828 | ||
20829 | @item Followup | |
20830 | This match key is somewhat special, in that it will match the | |
20831 | @code{From} header, and affect the score of not only the matching | |
20832 | articles, but also all followups to the matching articles. This allows | |
20833 | you e.g. increase the score of followups to your own articles, or | |
20834 | decrease the score of followups to the articles of some known | |
20835 | trouble-maker. Uses the same match types as the @code{From} header | |
20836 | uses. (Using this match key will lead to creation of @file{ADAPT} | |
20837 | files.) | |
20838 | ||
20839 | @item Thread | |
20840 | This match key works along the same lines as the @code{Followup} match | |
20841 | key. If you say that you want to score on a (sub-)thread started by an | |
20842 | article with a @code{Message-ID} @var{x}, then you add a @samp{thread} | |
20843 | match. This will add a new @samp{thread} match for each article that | |
20844 | has @var{x} in its @code{References} header. (These new @samp{thread} | |
20845 | matches will use the @code{Message-ID}s of these matching articles.) | |
20846 | This will ensure that you can raise/lower the score of an entire thread, | |
20847 | even though some articles in the thread may not have complete | |
20848 | @code{References} headers. Note that using this may lead to | |
20849 | undeterministic scores of the articles in the thread. (Using this match | |
20850 | key will lead to creation of @file{ADAPT} files.) | |
20851 | @end table | |
20852 | @end enumerate | |
20853 | ||
20854 | @cindex score file atoms | |
20855 | @item mark | |
20856 | The value of this entry should be a number. Any articles with a score | |
20857 | lower than this number will be marked as read. | |
20858 | ||
20859 | @item expunge | |
20860 | The value of this entry should be a number. Any articles with a score | |
20861 | lower than this number will be removed from the summary buffer. | |
20862 | ||
20863 | @item mark-and-expunge | |
20864 | The value of this entry should be a number. Any articles with a score | |
20865 | lower than this number will be marked as read and removed from the | |
20866 | summary buffer. | |
20867 | ||
20868 | @item thread-mark-and-expunge | |
20869 | The value of this entry should be a number. All articles that belong to | |
20870 | a thread that has a total score below this number will be marked as read | |
20871 | and removed from the summary buffer. @code{gnus-thread-score-function} | |
20872 | says how to compute the total score for a thread. | |
20873 | ||
20874 | @item files | |
20875 | The value of this entry should be any number of file names. These files | |
20876 | are assumed to be score files as well, and will be loaded the same way | |
20877 | this one was. | |
20878 | ||
20879 | @item exclude-files | |
20880 | The clue of this entry should be any number of files. These files will | |
20881 | not be loaded, even though they would normally be so, for some reason or | |
20882 | other. | |
20883 | ||
20884 | @item eval | |
20885 | The value of this entry will be @code{eval}el. This element will be | |
20886 | ignored when handling global score files. | |
20887 | ||
20888 | @item read-only | |
20889 | Read-only score files will not be updated or saved. Global score files | |
20890 | should feature this atom (@pxref{Global Score Files}). (Note: | |
20891 | @dfn{Global} here really means @dfn{global}; not your personal | |
20892 | apply-to-all-groups score files.) | |
20893 | ||
20894 | @item orphan | |
20895 | The value of this entry should be a number. Articles that do not have | |
20896 | parents will get this number added to their scores. Imagine you follow | |
20897 | some high-volume newsgroup, like @samp{comp.lang.c}. Most likely you | |
20898 | will only follow a few of the threads, also want to see any new threads. | |
20899 | ||
20900 | You can do this with the following two score file entries: | |
20901 | ||
20902 | @example | |
20903 | (orphan -500) | |
20904 | (mark-and-expunge -100) | |
20905 | @end example | |
20906 | ||
20907 | When you enter the group the first time, you will only see the new | |
20908 | threads. You then raise the score of the threads that you find | |
20909 | interesting (with @kbd{I T} or @kbd{I S}), and ignore (@kbd{C y}) the | |
20910 | rest. Next time you enter the group, you will see new articles in the | |
20911 | interesting threads, plus any new threads. | |
20912 | ||
20913 | I.e.---the orphan score atom is for high-volume groups where a few | |
20914 | interesting threads which can't be found automatically by ordinary | |
20915 | scoring rules exist. | |
20916 | ||
20917 | @item adapt | |
20918 | This entry controls the adaptive scoring. If it is @code{t}, the | |
20919 | default adaptive scoring rules will be used. If it is @code{ignore}, no | |
20920 | adaptive scoring will be performed on this group. If it is a list, this | |
20921 | list will be used as the adaptive scoring rules. If it isn't present, | |
20922 | or is something other than @code{t} or @code{ignore}, the default | |
20923 | adaptive scoring rules will be used. If you want to use adaptive | |
20924 | scoring on most groups, you'd set @code{gnus-use-adaptive-scoring} to | |
20925 | @code{t}, and insert an @code{(adapt ignore)} in the groups where you do | |
20926 | not want adaptive scoring. If you only want adaptive scoring in a few | |
20927 | groups, you'd set @code{gnus-use-adaptive-scoring} to @code{nil}, and | |
20928 | insert @code{(adapt t)} in the score files of the groups where you want | |
20929 | it. | |
20930 | ||
20931 | @item adapt-file | |
20932 | All adaptive score entries will go to the file named by this entry. It | |
20933 | will also be applied when entering the group. This atom might be handy | |
20934 | if you want to adapt on several groups at once, using the same adaptive | |
20935 | file for a number of groups. | |
20936 | ||
20937 | @item local | |
20938 | @cindex local variables | |
20939 | The value of this entry should be a list of @code{(@var{var} | |
20940 | @var{value})} pairs. Each @var{var} will be made buffer-local to the | |
20941 | current summary buffer, and set to the value specified. This is a | |
20942 | convenient, if somewhat strange, way of setting variables in some | |
20943 | groups if you don't like hooks much. Note that the @var{value} won't | |
20944 | be evaluated. | |
20945 | @end table | |
20946 | ||
20947 | ||
20948 | @node Score File Editing | |
20949 | @section Score File Editing | |
20950 | ||
20951 | You normally enter all scoring commands from the summary buffer, but you | |
20952 | might feel the urge to edit them by hand as well, so we've supplied you | |
20953 | with a mode for that. | |
20954 | ||
20955 | It's simply a slightly customized @code{emacs-lisp} mode, with these | |
20956 | additional commands: | |
20957 | ||
20958 | @table @kbd | |
20959 | ||
20960 | @item C-c C-c | |
20961 | @kindex C-c C-c (Score) | |
20962 | @findex gnus-score-edit-done | |
20963 | Save the changes you have made and return to the summary buffer | |
20964 | (@code{gnus-score-edit-done}). | |
20965 | ||
20966 | @item C-c C-d | |
20967 | @kindex C-c C-d (Score) | |
20968 | @findex gnus-score-edit-insert-date | |
20969 | Insert the current date in numerical format | |
20970 | (@code{gnus-score-edit-insert-date}). This is really the day number, if | |
20971 | you were wondering. | |
20972 | ||
20973 | @item C-c C-p | |
20974 | @kindex C-c C-p (Score) | |
20975 | @findex gnus-score-pretty-print | |
20976 | The adaptive score files are saved in an unformatted fashion. If you | |
20977 | intend to read one of these files, you want to @dfn{pretty print} it | |
20978 | first. This command (@code{gnus-score-pretty-print}) does that for | |
20979 | you. | |
20980 | ||
20981 | @end table | |
20982 | ||
20983 | Type @kbd{M-x gnus-score-mode} to use this mode. | |
20984 | ||
20985 | @vindex gnus-score-mode-hook | |
20986 | @code{gnus-score-menu-hook} is run in score mode buffers. | |
20987 | ||
20988 | In the summary buffer you can use commands like @kbd{V f}, @kbd{V e} and | |
20989 | @kbd{V t} to begin editing score files. | |
20990 | ||
20991 | ||
20992 | @node Adaptive Scoring | |
20993 | @section Adaptive Scoring | |
20994 | @cindex adaptive scoring | |
20995 | ||
20996 | If all this scoring is getting you down, Gnus has a way of making it all | |
20997 | happen automatically---as if by magic. Or rather, as if by artificial | |
20998 | stupidity, to be precise. | |
20999 | ||
21000 | @vindex gnus-use-adaptive-scoring | |
21001 | When you read an article, or mark an article as read, or kill an | |
21002 | article, you leave marks behind. On exit from the group, Gnus can sniff | |
21003 | these marks and add score elements depending on what marks it finds. | |
21004 | You turn on this ability by setting @code{gnus-use-adaptive-scoring} to | |
21005 | @code{t} or @code{(line)}. If you want score adaptively on separate | |
21006 | words appearing in the subjects, you should set this variable to | |
21007 | @code{(word)}. If you want to use both adaptive methods, set this | |
21008 | variable to @code{(word line)}. | |
21009 | ||
21010 | @vindex gnus-default-adaptive-score-alist | |
21011 | To give you complete control over the scoring process, you can customize | |
21012 | the @code{gnus-default-adaptive-score-alist} variable. For instance, it | |
21013 | might look something like this: | |
21014 | ||
21015 | @lisp | |
21016 | (setq gnus-default-adaptive-score-alist | |
21017 | '((gnus-unread-mark) | |
21018 | (gnus-ticked-mark (from 4)) | |
21019 | (gnus-dormant-mark (from 5)) | |
21020 | (gnus-del-mark (from -4) (subject -1)) | |
21021 | (gnus-read-mark (from 4) (subject 2)) | |
21022 | (gnus-expirable-mark (from -1) (subject -1)) | |
21023 | (gnus-killed-mark (from -1) (subject -3)) | |
21024 | (gnus-kill-file-mark) | |
21025 | (gnus-ancient-mark) | |
21026 | (gnus-low-score-mark) | |
21027 | (gnus-catchup-mark (from -1) (subject -1)))) | |
21028 | @end lisp | |
21029 | ||
21030 | As you see, each element in this alist has a mark as a key (either a | |
21031 | variable name or a ``real'' mark---a character). Following this key is | |
21032 | a arbitrary number of header/score pairs. If there are no header/score | |
21033 | pairs following the key, no adaptive scoring will be done on articles | |
21034 | that have that key as the article mark. For instance, articles with | |
21035 | @code{gnus-unread-mark} in the example above will not get adaptive score | |
21036 | entries. | |
21037 | ||
21038 | Each article can have only one mark, so just a single of these rules | |
21039 | will be applied to each article. | |
21040 | ||
21041 | To take @code{gnus-del-mark} as an example---this alist says that all | |
21042 | articles that have that mark (i.e., are marked with @samp{e}) will have a | |
21043 | score entry added to lower based on the @code{From} header by -4, and | |
21044 | lowered by @code{Subject} by -1. Change this to fit your prejudices. | |
21045 | ||
21046 | If you have marked 10 articles with the same subject with | |
21047 | @code{gnus-del-mark}, the rule for that mark will be applied ten times. | |
21048 | That means that that subject will get a score of ten times -1, which | |
21049 | should be, unless I'm much mistaken, -10. | |
21050 | ||
21051 | If you have auto-expirable (mail) groups (@pxref{Expiring Mail}), all | |
21052 | the read articles will be marked with the @samp{E} mark. This'll | |
21053 | probably make adaptive scoring slightly impossible, so auto-expiring and | |
21054 | adaptive scoring doesn't really mix very well. | |
21055 | ||
21056 | The headers you can score on are @code{from}, @code{subject}, | |
21057 | @code{message-id}, @code{references}, @code{xref}, @code{lines}, | |
21058 | @code{chars} and @code{date}. In addition, you can score on | |
21059 | @code{followup}, which will create an adaptive score entry that matches | |
21060 | on the @code{References} header using the @code{Message-ID} of the | |
21061 | current article, thereby matching the following thread. | |
21062 | ||
21063 | If you use this scheme, you should set the score file atom @code{mark} | |
21064 | to something small---like -300, perhaps, to avoid having small random | |
21065 | changes result in articles getting marked as read. | |
21066 | ||
21067 | After using adaptive scoring for a week or so, Gnus should start to | |
21068 | become properly trained and enhance the authors you like best, and kill | |
21069 | the authors you like least, without you having to say so explicitly. | |
21070 | ||
21071 | You can control what groups the adaptive scoring is to be performed on | |
21072 | by using the score files (@pxref{Score File Format}). This will also | |
21073 | let you use different rules in different groups. | |
21074 | ||
21075 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-file-suffix | |
21076 | The adaptive score entries will be put into a file where the name is the | |
21077 | group name with @code{gnus-adaptive-file-suffix} appended. The default | |
21078 | is @file{ADAPT}. | |
21079 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
21080 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-pretty-print |
21081 | Adaptive score files can get huge and are not meant to be edited by | |
21082 | human hands. If @code{gnus-adaptive-pretty-print} is @code{nil} (the | |
21083 | deafult) those files will not be written in a human readable way. | |
21084 | ||
4009494e GM |
21085 | @vindex gnus-score-exact-adapt-limit |
21086 | When doing adaptive scoring, substring or fuzzy matching would probably | |
21087 | give you the best results in most cases. However, if the header one | |
21088 | matches is short, the possibility for false positives is great, so if | |
21089 | the length of the match is less than | |
21090 | @code{gnus-score-exact-adapt-limit}, exact matching will be used. If | |
21091 | this variable is @code{nil}, exact matching will always be used to avoid | |
21092 | this problem. | |
21093 | ||
21094 | @vindex gnus-default-adaptive-word-score-alist | |
21095 | As mentioned above, you can adapt either on individual words or entire | |
21096 | headers. If you adapt on words, the | |
21097 | @code{gnus-default-adaptive-word-score-alist} variable says what score | |
21098 | each instance of a word should add given a mark. | |
21099 | ||
21100 | @lisp | |
21101 | (setq gnus-default-adaptive-word-score-alist | |
21102 | `((,gnus-read-mark . 30) | |
21103 | (,gnus-catchup-mark . -10) | |
21104 | (,gnus-killed-mark . -20) | |
21105 | (,gnus-del-mark . -15))) | |
21106 | @end lisp | |
21107 | ||
21108 | This is the default value. If you have adaption on words enabled, every | |
21109 | word that appears in subjects of articles marked with | |
21110 | @code{gnus-read-mark} will result in a score rule that increase the | |
21111 | score with 30 points. | |
21112 | ||
21113 | @vindex gnus-default-ignored-adaptive-words | |
21114 | @vindex gnus-ignored-adaptive-words | |
21115 | Words that appear in the @code{gnus-default-ignored-adaptive-words} list | |
21116 | will be ignored. If you wish to add more words to be ignored, use the | |
21117 | @code{gnus-ignored-adaptive-words} list instead. | |
21118 | ||
21119 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-word-length-limit | |
21120 | Some may feel that short words shouldn't count when doing adaptive | |
21121 | scoring. If so, you may set @code{gnus-adaptive-word-length-limit} to | |
21122 | an integer. Words shorter than this number will be ignored. This | |
21123 | variable defaults to @code{nil}. | |
21124 | ||
21125 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-word-syntax-table | |
21126 | When the scoring is done, @code{gnus-adaptive-word-syntax-table} is the | |
21127 | syntax table in effect. It is similar to the standard syntax table, but | |
21128 | it considers numbers to be non-word-constituent characters. | |
21129 | ||
21130 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-word-minimum | |
21131 | If @code{gnus-adaptive-word-minimum} is set to a number, the adaptive | |
21132 | word scoring process will never bring down the score of an article to | |
21133 | below this number. The default is @code{nil}. | |
21134 | ||
21135 | @vindex gnus-adaptive-word-no-group-words | |
21136 | If @code{gnus-adaptive-word-no-group-words} is set to @code{t}, gnus | |
21137 | won't adaptively word score any of the words in the group name. Useful | |
21138 | for groups like @samp{comp.editors.emacs}, where most of the subject | |
21139 | lines contain the word @samp{emacs}. | |
21140 | ||
21141 | After using this scheme for a while, it might be nice to write a | |
21142 | @code{gnus-psychoanalyze-user} command to go through the rules and see | |
21143 | what words you like and what words you don't like. Or perhaps not. | |
21144 | ||
21145 | Note that the adaptive word scoring thing is highly experimental and is | |
21146 | likely to change in the future. Initial impressions seem to indicate | |
21147 | that it's totally useless as it stands. Some more work (involving more | |
21148 | rigorous statistical methods) will have to be done to make this useful. | |
21149 | ||
21150 | ||
21151 | @node Home Score File | |
21152 | @section Home Score File | |
21153 | ||
21154 | The score file where new score file entries will go is called the | |
21155 | @dfn{home score file}. This is normally (and by default) the score file | |
21156 | for the group itself. For instance, the home score file for | |
21157 | @samp{gnu.emacs.gnus} is @file{gnu.emacs.gnus.SCORE}. | |
21158 | ||
21159 | However, this may not be what you want. It is often convenient to share | |
21160 | a common home score file among many groups---all @samp{emacs} groups | |
21161 | could perhaps use the same home score file. | |
21162 | ||
21163 | @vindex gnus-home-score-file | |
21164 | The variable that controls this is @code{gnus-home-score-file}. It can | |
21165 | be: | |
21166 | ||
21167 | @enumerate | |
21168 | @item | |
21169 | A string. Then this file will be used as the home score file for all | |
21170 | groups. | |
21171 | ||
21172 | @item | |
21173 | A function. The result of this function will be used as the home score | |
21174 | file. The function will be called with the name of the group as the | |
21175 | parameter. | |
21176 | ||
21177 | @item | |
21178 | A list. The elements in this list can be: | |
21179 | ||
21180 | @enumerate | |
21181 | @item | |
21182 | @code{(@var{regexp} @var{file-name})}. If the @var{regexp} matches the | |
21183 | group name, the @var{file-name} will be used as the home score file. | |
21184 | ||
21185 | @item | |
21186 | A function. If the function returns non-@code{nil}, the result will | |
21187 | be used as the home score file. The function will be called with the | |
21188 | name of the group as the parameter. | |
21189 | ||
21190 | @item | |
21191 | A string. Use the string as the home score file. | |
21192 | @end enumerate | |
21193 | ||
21194 | The list will be traversed from the beginning towards the end looking | |
21195 | for matches. | |
21196 | ||
21197 | @end enumerate | |
21198 | ||
21199 | So, if you want to use just a single score file, you could say: | |
21200 | ||
21201 | @lisp | |
21202 | (setq gnus-home-score-file | |
21203 | "my-total-score-file.SCORE") | |
21204 | @end lisp | |
21205 | ||
21206 | If you want to use @file{gnu.SCORE} for all @samp{gnu} groups and | |
21207 | @file{rec.SCORE} for all @samp{rec} groups (and so on), you can say: | |
21208 | ||
21209 | @findex gnus-hierarchial-home-score-file | |
21210 | @lisp | |
21211 | (setq gnus-home-score-file | |
21212 | 'gnus-hierarchial-home-score-file) | |
21213 | @end lisp | |
21214 | ||
21215 | This is a ready-made function provided for your convenience. | |
21216 | Other functions include | |
21217 | ||
21218 | @table @code | |
21219 | @item gnus-current-home-score-file | |
21220 | @findex gnus-current-home-score-file | |
21221 | Return the ``current'' regular score file. This will make scoring | |
21222 | commands add entry to the ``innermost'' matching score file. | |
21223 | ||
21224 | @end table | |
21225 | ||
21226 | If you want to have one score file for the @samp{emacs} groups and | |
21227 | another for the @samp{comp} groups, while letting all other groups use | |
21228 | their own home score files: | |
21229 | ||
21230 | @lisp | |
21231 | (setq gnus-home-score-file | |
21232 | ;; @r{All groups that match the regexp @code{"\\.emacs"}} | |
21233 | '(("\\.emacs" "emacs.SCORE") | |
21234 | ;; @r{All the comp groups in one score file} | |
21235 | ("^comp" "comp.SCORE"))) | |
21236 | @end lisp | |
21237 | ||
21238 | @vindex gnus-home-adapt-file | |
21239 | @code{gnus-home-adapt-file} works exactly the same way as | |
21240 | @code{gnus-home-score-file}, but says what the home adaptive score file | |
21241 | is instead. All new adaptive file entries will go into the file | |
21242 | specified by this variable, and the same syntax is allowed. | |
21243 | ||
21244 | In addition to using @code{gnus-home-score-file} and | |
21245 | @code{gnus-home-adapt-file}, you can also use group parameters | |
21246 | (@pxref{Group Parameters}) and topic parameters (@pxref{Topic | |
21247 | Parameters}) to achieve much the same. Group and topic parameters take | |
21248 | precedence over this variable. | |
21249 | ||
21250 | ||
21251 | @node Followups To Yourself | |
21252 | @section Followups To Yourself | |
21253 | ||
21254 | Gnus offers two commands for picking out the @code{Message-ID} header in | |
21255 | the current buffer. Gnus will then add a score rule that scores using | |
21256 | this @code{Message-ID} on the @code{References} header of other | |
21257 | articles. This will, in effect, increase the score of all articles that | |
21258 | respond to the article in the current buffer. Quite useful if you want | |
21259 | to easily note when people answer what you've said. | |
21260 | ||
21261 | @table @code | |
21262 | ||
21263 | @item gnus-score-followup-article | |
21264 | @findex gnus-score-followup-article | |
21265 | This will add a score to articles that directly follow up your own | |
21266 | article. | |
21267 | ||
21268 | @item gnus-score-followup-thread | |
21269 | @findex gnus-score-followup-thread | |
21270 | This will add a score to all articles that appear in a thread ``below'' | |
21271 | your own article. | |
21272 | @end table | |
21273 | ||
21274 | @vindex message-sent-hook | |
21275 | These two functions are both primarily meant to be used in hooks like | |
21276 | @code{message-sent-hook}, like this: | |
21277 | @lisp | |
21278 | (add-hook 'message-sent-hook 'gnus-score-followup-thread) | |
21279 | @end lisp | |
21280 | ||
21281 | ||
21282 | If you look closely at your own @code{Message-ID}, you'll notice that | |
21283 | the first two or three characters are always the same. Here's two of | |
21284 | mine: | |
21285 | ||
21286 | @example | |
21287 | <x6u3u47icf.fsf@@eyesore.no> | |
21288 | <x6sp9o7ibw.fsf@@eyesore.no> | |
21289 | @end example | |
21290 | ||
21291 | So ``my'' ident on this machine is @samp{x6}. This can be | |
21292 | exploited---the following rule will raise the score on all followups to | |
21293 | myself: | |
21294 | ||
21295 | @lisp | |
21296 | ("references" | |
21297 | ("<x6[0-9a-z]+\\.fsf\\(_-_\\)?@@.*eyesore\\.no>" | |
21298 | 1000 nil r)) | |
21299 | @end lisp | |
21300 | ||
21301 | Whether it's the first two or first three characters that are ``yours'' | |
21302 | is system-dependent. | |
21303 | ||
21304 | ||
21305 | @node Scoring On Other Headers | |
21306 | @section Scoring On Other Headers | |
21307 | @cindex scoring on other headers | |
21308 | ||
21309 | Gnus is quite fast when scoring the ``traditional'' | |
21310 | headers---@samp{From}, @samp{Subject} and so on. However, scoring | |
21311 | other headers requires writing a @code{head} scoring rule, which means | |
21312 | that Gnus has to request every single article from the back end to find | |
21313 | matches. This takes a long time in big groups. | |
21314 | ||
21315 | Now, there's not much you can do about this for news groups, but for | |
21316 | mail groups, you have greater control. In @ref{To From Newsgroups}, | |
21317 | it's explained in greater detail what this mechanism does, but here's | |
21318 | a cookbook example for @code{nnml} on how to allow scoring on the | |
21319 | @samp{To} and @samp{Cc} headers. | |
21320 | ||
21321 | Put the following in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file. | |
21322 | ||
21323 | @lisp | |
21324 | (setq gnus-extra-headers '(To Cc Newsgroups Keywords) | |
21325 | nnmail-extra-headers gnus-extra-headers) | |
21326 | @end lisp | |
21327 | ||
21328 | Restart Gnus and rebuild your @code{nnml} overview files with the | |
21329 | @kbd{M-x nnml-generate-nov-databases} command. This will take a long | |
21330 | time if you have much mail. | |
21331 | ||
21332 | Now you can score on @samp{To} and @samp{Cc} as ``extra headers'' like | |
21333 | so: @kbd{I e s p To RET <your name> RET}. | |
21334 | ||
21335 | See? Simple. | |
21336 | ||
01c52d31 MB |
21337 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring |
21338 | You can inhibit scoring the slow scoring on headers or body by setting | |
21339 | the variable @code{gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring}. If | |
21340 | @code{gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring} is regexp, slow scoring is inhibited if | |
21341 | the group matches the regexp. If it is t, slow scoring on it is | |
21342 | inhibited for all groups. | |
21343 | ||
4009494e GM |
21344 | |
21345 | @node Scoring Tips | |
21346 | @section Scoring Tips | |
21347 | @cindex scoring tips | |
21348 | ||
21349 | @table @dfn | |
21350 | ||
21351 | @item Crossposts | |
21352 | @cindex crossposts | |
21353 | @cindex scoring crossposts | |
21354 | If you want to lower the score of crossposts, the line to match on is | |
21355 | the @code{Xref} header. | |
21356 | @lisp | |
21357 | ("xref" (" talk.politics.misc:" -1000)) | |
21358 | @end lisp | |
21359 | ||
21360 | @item Multiple crossposts | |
21361 | If you want to lower the score of articles that have been crossposted to | |
21362 | more than, say, 3 groups: | |
21363 | @lisp | |
21364 | ("xref" | |
21365 | ("[^:\n]+:[0-9]+ +[^:\n]+:[0-9]+ +[^:\n]+:[0-9]+" | |
21366 | -1000 nil r)) | |
21367 | @end lisp | |
21368 | ||
21369 | @item Matching on the body | |
21370 | This is generally not a very good idea---it takes a very long time. | |
21371 | Gnus actually has to fetch each individual article from the server. But | |
21372 | you might want to anyway, I guess. Even though there are three match | |
21373 | keys (@code{Head}, @code{Body} and @code{All}), you should choose one | |
21374 | and stick with it in each score file. If you use any two, each article | |
21375 | will be fetched @emph{twice}. If you want to match a bit on the | |
21376 | @code{Head} and a bit on the @code{Body}, just use @code{All} for all | |
21377 | the matches. | |
21378 | ||
21379 | @item Marking as read | |
21380 | You will probably want to mark articles that have scores below a certain | |
21381 | number as read. This is most easily achieved by putting the following | |
21382 | in your @file{all.SCORE} file: | |
21383 | @lisp | |
21384 | ((mark -100)) | |
21385 | @end lisp | |
21386 | You may also consider doing something similar with @code{expunge}. | |
21387 | ||
21388 | @item Negated character classes | |
21389 | If you say stuff like @code{[^abcd]*}, you may get unexpected results. | |
21390 | That will match newlines, which might lead to, well, The Unknown. Say | |
21391 | @code{[^abcd\n]*} instead. | |
21392 | @end table | |
21393 | ||
21394 | ||
21395 | @node Reverse Scoring | |
21396 | @section Reverse Scoring | |
21397 | @cindex reverse scoring | |
21398 | ||
21399 | If you want to keep just articles that have @samp{Sex with Emacs} in the | |
21400 | subject header, and expunge all other articles, you could put something | |
21401 | like this in your score file: | |
21402 | ||
21403 | @lisp | |
21404 | (("subject" | |
21405 | ("Sex with Emacs" 2)) | |
21406 | (mark 1) | |
21407 | (expunge 1)) | |
21408 | @end lisp | |
21409 | ||
21410 | So, you raise all articles that match @samp{Sex with Emacs} and mark the | |
21411 | rest as read, and expunge them to boot. | |
21412 | ||
21413 | ||
21414 | @node Global Score Files | |
21415 | @section Global Score Files | |
21416 | @cindex global score files | |
21417 | ||
21418 | Sure, other newsreaders have ``global kill files''. These are usually | |
21419 | nothing more than a single kill file that applies to all groups, stored | |
21420 | in the user's home directory. Bah! Puny, weak newsreaders! | |
21421 | ||
21422 | What I'm talking about here are Global Score Files. Score files from | |
21423 | all over the world, from users everywhere, uniting all nations in one | |
21424 | big, happy score file union! Ange-score! New and untested! | |
21425 | ||
21426 | @vindex gnus-global-score-files | |
21427 | All you have to do to use other people's score files is to set the | |
21428 | @code{gnus-global-score-files} variable. One entry for each score file, | |
21429 | or each score file directory. Gnus will decide by itself what score | |
21430 | files are applicable to which group. | |
21431 | ||
21432 | To use the score file | |
21433 | @file{/ftp@@ftp.gnus.org:/pub/larsi/ding/score/soc.motss.SCORE} and | |
21434 | all score files in the @file{/ftp@@ftp.some-where:/pub/score} directory, | |
21435 | say this: | |
21436 | ||
21437 | @lisp | |
21438 | (setq gnus-global-score-files | |
21439 | '("/ftp@@ftp.gnus.org:/pub/larsi/ding/score/soc.motss.SCORE" | |
21440 | "/ftp@@ftp.some-where:/pub/score/")) | |
21441 | @end lisp | |
21442 | ||
21443 | @findex gnus-score-search-global-directories | |
21444 | @noindent | |
21445 | Simple, eh? Directory names must end with a @samp{/}. These | |
21446 | directories are typically scanned only once during each Gnus session. | |
21447 | If you feel the need to manually re-scan the remote directories, you can | |
21448 | use the @code{gnus-score-search-global-directories} command. | |
21449 | ||
21450 | Note that, at present, using this option will slow down group entry | |
21451 | somewhat. (That is---a lot.) | |
21452 | ||
21453 | If you want to start maintaining score files for other people to use, | |
21454 | just put your score file up for anonymous ftp and announce it to the | |
21455 | world. Become a retro-moderator! Participate in the retro-moderator | |
21456 | wars sure to ensue, where retro-moderators battle it out for the | |
21457 | sympathy of the people, luring them to use their score files on false | |
21458 | premises! Yay! The net is saved! | |
21459 | ||
21460 | Here are some tips for the would-be retro-moderator, off the top of my | |
21461 | head: | |
21462 | ||
21463 | @itemize @bullet | |
21464 | ||
21465 | @item | |
21466 | Articles heavily crossposted are probably junk. | |
21467 | @item | |
21468 | To lower a single inappropriate article, lower by @code{Message-ID}. | |
21469 | @item | |
21470 | Particularly brilliant authors can be raised on a permanent basis. | |
21471 | @item | |
21472 | Authors that repeatedly post off-charter for the group can safely be | |
21473 | lowered out of existence. | |
21474 | @item | |
21475 | Set the @code{mark} and @code{expunge} atoms to obliterate the nastiest | |
21476 | articles completely. | |
21477 | ||
21478 | @item | |
21479 | Use expiring score entries to keep the size of the file down. You | |
21480 | should probably have a long expiry period, though, as some sites keep | |
21481 | old articles for a long time. | |
21482 | @end itemize | |
21483 | ||
21484 | @dots{} I wonder whether other newsreaders will support global score files | |
21485 | in the future. @emph{Snicker}. Yup, any day now, newsreaders like Blue | |
21486 | Wave, xrn and 1stReader are bound to implement scoring. Should we start | |
21487 | holding our breath yet? | |
21488 | ||
21489 | ||
21490 | @node Kill Files | |
21491 | @section Kill Files | |
21492 | @cindex kill files | |
21493 | ||
21494 | Gnus still supports those pesky old kill files. In fact, the kill file | |
21495 | entries can now be expiring, which is something I wrote before Daniel | |
21496 | Quinlan thought of doing score files, so I've left the code in there. | |
21497 | ||
21498 | In short, kill processing is a lot slower (and I do mean @emph{a lot}) | |
21499 | than score processing, so it might be a good idea to rewrite your kill | |
21500 | files into score files. | |
21501 | ||
21502 | Anyway, a kill file is a normal @code{emacs-lisp} file. You can put any | |
21503 | forms into this file, which means that you can use kill files as some | |
21504 | sort of primitive hook function to be run on group entry, even though | |
21505 | that isn't a very good idea. | |
21506 | ||
21507 | Normal kill files look like this: | |
21508 | ||
21509 | @lisp | |
21510 | (gnus-kill "From" "Lars Ingebrigtsen") | |
21511 | (gnus-kill "Subject" "ding") | |
21512 | (gnus-expunge "X") | |
21513 | @end lisp | |
21514 | ||
21515 | This will mark every article written by me as read, and remove the | |
21516 | marked articles from the summary buffer. Very useful, you'll agree. | |
21517 | ||
21518 | Other programs use a totally different kill file syntax. If Gnus | |
21519 | encounters what looks like a @code{rn} kill file, it will take a stab at | |
21520 | interpreting it. | |
21521 | ||
21522 | Two summary functions for editing a @sc{gnus} kill file: | |
21523 | ||
21524 | @table @kbd | |
21525 | ||
21526 | @item M-k | |
21527 | @kindex M-k (Summary) | |
21528 | @findex gnus-summary-edit-local-kill | |
21529 | Edit this group's kill file (@code{gnus-summary-edit-local-kill}). | |
21530 | ||
21531 | @item M-K | |
21532 | @kindex M-K (Summary) | |
21533 | @findex gnus-summary-edit-global-kill | |
21534 | Edit the general kill file (@code{gnus-summary-edit-global-kill}). | |
21535 | @end table | |
21536 | ||
21537 | Two group mode functions for editing the kill files: | |
21538 | ||
21539 | @table @kbd | |
21540 | ||
21541 | @item M-k | |
21542 | @kindex M-k (Group) | |
21543 | @findex gnus-group-edit-local-kill | |
21544 | Edit this group's kill file (@code{gnus-group-edit-local-kill}). | |
21545 | ||
21546 | @item M-K | |
21547 | @kindex M-K (Group) | |
21548 | @findex gnus-group-edit-global-kill | |
21549 | Edit the general kill file (@code{gnus-group-edit-global-kill}). | |
21550 | @end table | |
21551 | ||
21552 | Kill file variables: | |
21553 | ||
21554 | @table @code | |
21555 | @item gnus-kill-file-name | |
21556 | @vindex gnus-kill-file-name | |
21557 | A kill file for the group @samp{soc.motss} is normally called | |
21558 | @file{soc.motss.KILL}. The suffix appended to the group name to get | |
21559 | this file name is detailed by the @code{gnus-kill-file-name} variable. | |
21560 | The ``global'' kill file (not in the score file sense of ``global'', of | |
21561 | course) is just called @file{KILL}. | |
21562 | ||
21563 | @vindex gnus-kill-save-kill-file | |
21564 | @item gnus-kill-save-kill-file | |
21565 | If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will save the | |
21566 | kill file after processing, which is necessary if you use expiring | |
21567 | kills. | |
21568 | ||
21569 | @item gnus-apply-kill-hook | |
21570 | @vindex gnus-apply-kill-hook | |
21571 | @findex gnus-apply-kill-file-unless-scored | |
21572 | @findex gnus-apply-kill-file | |
21573 | A hook called to apply kill files to a group. It is | |
21574 | @code{(gnus-apply-kill-file)} by default. If you want to ignore the | |
21575 | kill file if you have a score file for the same group, you can set this | |
21576 | hook to @code{(gnus-apply-kill-file-unless-scored)}. If you don't want | |
21577 | kill files to be processed, you should set this variable to @code{nil}. | |
21578 | ||
21579 | @item gnus-kill-file-mode-hook | |
21580 | @vindex gnus-kill-file-mode-hook | |
21581 | A hook called in kill-file mode buffers. | |
21582 | ||
21583 | @end table | |
21584 | ||
21585 | ||
21586 | @node Converting Kill Files | |
21587 | @section Converting Kill Files | |
21588 | @cindex kill files | |
21589 | @cindex converting kill files | |
21590 | ||
21591 | If you have loads of old kill files, you may want to convert them into | |
21592 | score files. If they are ``regular'', you can use | |
21593 | the @file{gnus-kill-to-score.el} package; if not, you'll have to do it | |
21594 | by hand. | |
21595 | ||
21596 | The kill to score conversion package isn't included in Gnus by default. | |
21597 | You can fetch it from | |
21598 | @uref{http://www.stud.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/ding-various/gnus-kill-to-score.el}. | |
21599 | ||
21600 | If your old kill files are very complex---if they contain more | |
21601 | non-@code{gnus-kill} forms than not, you'll have to convert them by | |
21602 | hand. Or just let them be as they are. Gnus will still use them as | |
21603 | before. | |
21604 | ||
21605 | ||
4009494e GM |
21606 | @node Advanced Scoring |
21607 | @section Advanced Scoring | |
21608 | ||
21609 | Scoring on Subjects and From headers is nice enough, but what if you're | |
21610 | really interested in what a person has to say only when she's talking | |
21611 | about a particular subject? Or what if you really don't want to | |
21612 | read what person A has to say when she's following up to person B, but | |
21613 | want to read what she says when she's following up to person C? | |
21614 | ||
21615 | By using advanced scoring rules you may create arbitrarily complex | |
21616 | scoring patterns. | |
21617 | ||
21618 | @menu | |
21619 | * Advanced Scoring Syntax:: A definition. | |
21620 | * Advanced Scoring Examples:: What they look like. | |
21621 | * Advanced Scoring Tips:: Getting the most out of it. | |
21622 | @end menu | |
21623 | ||
21624 | ||
21625 | @node Advanced Scoring Syntax | |
21626 | @subsection Advanced Scoring Syntax | |
21627 | ||
21628 | Ordinary scoring rules have a string as the first element in the rule. | |
21629 | Advanced scoring rules have a list as the first element. The second | |
21630 | element is the score to be applied if the first element evaluated to a | |
21631 | non-@code{nil} value. | |
21632 | ||
21633 | These lists may consist of three logical operators, one redirection | |
21634 | operator, and various match operators. | |
21635 | ||
21636 | Logical operators: | |
21637 | ||
21638 | @table @code | |
21639 | @item & | |
21640 | @itemx and | |
21641 | This logical operator will evaluate each of its arguments until it finds | |
21642 | one that evaluates to @code{false}, and then it'll stop. If all arguments | |
21643 | evaluate to @code{true} values, then this operator will return | |
21644 | @code{true}. | |
21645 | ||
21646 | @item | | |
21647 | @itemx or | |
21648 | This logical operator will evaluate each of its arguments until it finds | |
21649 | one that evaluates to @code{true}. If no arguments are @code{true}, | |
21650 | then this operator will return @code{false}. | |
21651 | ||
21652 | @item ! | |
21653 | @itemx not | |
21654 |