doc/apt-get.8.xml

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   5 <!ENTITY % aptent SYSTEM "apt.ent">
   6 %aptent;
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   9
  10 <refentry>
  11
  12  <refentryinfo>
  13    &apt-author.jgunthorpe;
  14    &apt-author.team;
  15    &apt-email;
  16    &apt-product;
  17    <!-- The last update date -->
  18    <date>08 November 2008</date>
  19  </refentryinfo>
  20
  21  <refmeta>
  22    <refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle>
  23    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
  24  </refmeta>
  25
  26  <!-- Man page title -->
  27  <refnamediv>
  28     <refname>apt-get</refname>
  29     <refpurpose>APT package handling utility -- command-line interface</refpurpose>
  30  </refnamediv>
  31
  32  <!-- Arguments -->
  33  <refsynopsisdiv>
  34    <cmdsynopsis>
  35       <command>apt-get</command>
  36       <arg><option>-sqdyfmubV</option></arg>
  37       <arg>
  38               <option>-o=
  39                           <replaceable>config_string</replaceable>
  40               </option>
  41       </arg>
  42       <arg>
  43               <option>-c=
  44                       <replaceable>config_file</replaceable>
  45               </option>
  46       </arg>
  47       <arg>
  48                   <option>-t=</option>
  49                   <group choice='req'>
  50                           <arg choice='plain'>
  51                                   <replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
  52                           </arg>
  53                           <arg choice='plain'>
  54                                   <replaceable>target_release_number_expression</replaceable>
  55                           </arg>
  56                           <arg choice='plain'>
  57                                   <replaceable>target_release_codename</replaceable>
  58                           </arg>
  59                   </group>
  60       </arg>
  61
  62       <group choice="req">
  63          <arg choice='plain'>update</arg>
  64          <arg choice='plain'>upgrade</arg>
  65          <arg choice='plain'>dselect-upgrade</arg>
  66          <arg choice='plain'>dist-upgrade</arg>
  67          <arg choice='plain'>install
  68                          <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable>
  69                                 <arg>
  70                                         <group choice='req'>
  71                                                 <arg choice='plain'>
  72                                                         =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable>
  73                                                 </arg>
  74                                                 <arg choice='plain'>
  75                                                         /<replaceable>target_release_name</replaceable>
  76                                                 </arg>
  77                                                 <arg choice='plain'>
  78                                                         /<replaceable>target_release_codename</replaceable>
  79                                                 </arg>
  80                                         </group>
  81                                 </arg>
  82                          </arg>
  83              </arg>
  84          <arg choice='plain'>remove <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
  85          <arg choice='plain'>purge <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
  86          <arg choice='plain'>source
  87                          <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable>
  88                                  <arg>
  89                                          =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable>
  90                                  </arg>
  91                          </arg>
  92              </arg>
  93          <arg choice='plain'>build-dep <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg>
  94          <arg choice='plain'>check</arg>
  95          <arg choice='plain'>clean</arg>
  96          <arg choice='plain'>autoclean</arg>
  97          <arg choice='plain'>autoremove</arg>
  98                  <arg choice='plain'>
  99                          <group choice='req'>
 100                                 <arg choice='plain'>-v</arg>
 101                                 <arg choice='plain'>--version</arg>
 102                          </group>
 103                  </arg>
 104                  <arg choice='plain'>
 105                          <group choice='req'>
 106                                 <arg choice='plain'>-h</arg>
 107                                 <arg choice='plain'>--help</arg>
 108                          </group>
 109                  </arg>
 110       </group>
 111    </cmdsynopsis>
 112  </refsynopsisdiv>
 113
 114  <refsect1><title>Description</title>
 115    <para><command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be
 116    considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT
 117    library.  Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;,
 118    &aptitude;, &synaptic;, &gnome-apt; and &wajig;.</para>
 119
 120    <para>Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, one of the
 121    commands below must be present.</para>
 122
 123    <variablelist>
 124      <varlistentry><term>update</term>
 125      <listitem><para><literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files from
 126      their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the
 127      location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>.
 128      For example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and
 129      scans the <filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new
 130      and updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be
 131      performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</literal>. Please
 132      be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect as the size
 133      of the package files cannot be known in advance.</para></listitem>
 134      </varlistentry>
 135
 136      <varlistentry><term>upgrade</term>
 137      <listitem><para><literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all packages
 138      currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
 139      <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed with
 140      new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no circumstances
 141      are currently installed packages removed, or packages not already installed
 142      retrieved and installed. New versions of currently installed packages that
 143      cannot be upgraded without changing the install status of another package
 144      will be left at their current version. An <literal>update</literal> must be
 145      performed first so that <command>apt-get</command> knows that new versions of packages are
 146      available.</para></listitem>
 147      </varlistentry>
 148
 149      <varlistentry><term>dselect-upgrade</term>
 150      <listitem><para><literal>dselect-upgrade</literal>
 151      is used in conjunction with the traditional Debian packaging
 152      front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</literal>
 153      follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</literal>
 154      field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to realize
 155      that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of new
 156      packages).</para></listitem>
 157      </varlistentry>
 158
 159      <varlistentry><term>dist-upgrade</term>
 160      <listitem><para><literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of
 161      <literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies
 162      with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a "smart" conflict
 163      resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important
 164      packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary.
 165          So, <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages.
 166      The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations
 167      from which to retrieve desired package files.
 168      See also &apt-preferences; for a mechanism for
 169      overriding the general settings for individual packages.</para></listitem>
 170      </varlistentry>
 171
 172      <varlistentry><term>install</term>
 173      <listitem>
 174          <para><literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more
 175          packages desired for installation or upgrading.
 176          Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified
 177          filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system,
 178          libc6 would be the argument provided, not
 179          <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All packages required
 180          by the package(s) specified for installation will also
 181          be retrieved and installed.
 182          The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is
 183          used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is
 184          appended to the package name (with no intervening space),
 185          the identified package will be removed if it is installed.
 186          Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a
 187          package to install. These latter features may be used
 188          to override decisions made by apt-get's conflict
 189          resolution system.
 190          </para>
 191
 192      <para>A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by
 193      following the package name with an equals and the version of the package
 194      to select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for
 195      install. Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by
 196      following the package name with a slash and the version of the
 197      distribution or the Archive name (stable, testing, unstable).</para>
 198
 199      <para>Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must
 200      be used with care.</para>
 201
 202         <para>This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or
 203                 more already-installed packages without upgrading every package
 204                 you have on your system. Unlike the "upgrade" target, which
 205                 installs the newest version of all currently installed packages,
 206                 "install" will install the newest version of only the package(s)
 207                 specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) you wish
 208                 to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its
 209                 dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and
 210                 installed.
 211         </para>
 212
 213      <para>Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to
 214      create an alternative installation policy for
 215      individual packages.</para>
 216
 217      <para>If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one
 218      of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression,
 219      and it is applied
 220      to all package names in the database. Any matches are then installed (or
 221      removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' matches 'how-lo'
 222      and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular expression
 223      with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular expression.</para></listitem>
 224      </varlistentry>
 225
 226      <varlistentry><term>remove</term>
 227      <listitem><para><literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except that packages are
 228          removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package leaves its
 229          configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the package
 230      name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be
 231      installed instead of removed.</para></listitem>
 232      </varlistentry>
 233
 234      <varlistentry><term>purge</term>
 235      <listitem><para><literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except that packages are
 236      removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted too).</para></listitem>
 237      </varlistentry>
 238
 239      <varlistentry><term>source</term>
 240      <listitem><para><literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source packages. APT
 241      will examine the available packages to decide which source package to
 242      fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the
 243      newest available version of that source package. Source packages are
 244      tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> type lines
 245      in the &sources-list; file. This probably will mean that you will not
 246      get the same source as the package you have installed or as you could
 247      install. If the --compile options is specified then the package will be
 248      compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is
 249      specified then the source package will not be unpacked.</para>
 250
 251      <para>A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name
 252      with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism
 253      used for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source
 254      package name and version, implicitly enabling the
 255      <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</literal> option.</para>
 256
 257      <para>Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages, they
 258      exist only in the current directory and are similar to downloading source
 259      tar balls.</para></listitem>
 260      </varlistentry>
 261
 262      <varlistentry><term>build-dep</term>
 263      <listitem><para><literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an
 264      attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package.</para></listitem>
 265      </varlistentry>
 266
 267      <varlistentry><term>check</term>
 268      <listitem><para><literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache and checks
 269      for broken dependencies.</para></listitem>
 270      </varlistentry>
 271
 272      <varlistentry><term>clean</term>
 273      <listitem><para><literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved package
 274      files. It removes everything but the lock file from
 275      <filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and
 276      <filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a
 277      &dselect; method, <literal>clean</literal> is run automatically.
 278      Those who do not use dselect will likely want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal>
 279      from time to time to free up disk space.</para></listitem>
 280      </varlistentry>
 281
 282      <varlistentry><term>autoclean</term>
 283      <listitem><para>Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the local
 284      repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only
 285      removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely
 286      useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without
 287      it growing out of control. The configuration option
 288      <literal>APT::Clean-Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being
 289      erased if it is set to off.</para></listitem>
 290      </varlistentry>
 291
 292      <varlistentry><term>autoremove</term>
 293      <listitem><para><literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were automatically
 294      installed to satisfy dependencies for some package and that are no more needed.</para></listitem>
 295      </varlistentry>
 296    </variablelist>
 297  </refsect1>
 298
 299  <refsect1><title>options</title>
 300    &apt-cmdblurb;
 301
 302    <variablelist>
 303      <varlistentry><term><option>--no-install-recommends</option></term>
 304      <listitem><para>Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing.
 305      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>.</para></listitem>
 306      </varlistentry>
 307
 308      <varlistentry><term><option>-d</option></term><term><option>--download-only</option></term>
 309      <listitem><para>Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed.
 310      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
 311      </varlistentry>
 312
 313      <varlistentry><term><option>-f</option></term><term><option>--fix-broken</option></term>
 314      <listitem><para>Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in
 315      place. This option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages
 316      to permit APT to deduce a likely solution. Any Package that are specified
 317      must completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when
 318      running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package
 319      dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's
 320      dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention
 321      (which usually means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some of
 322      the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</option> may produce an
 323      error in some situations.
 324      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>.</para></listitem>
 325      </varlistentry>
 326
 327      <varlistentry><term><option>-m</option></term><term><option>--ignore-missing</option></term>
 328      <term><option>--fix-missing</option></term>
 329      <listitem><para>Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail the
 330      integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back
 331      those packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with
 332      <option>-f</option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is
 333      selected for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the
 334      command line) and it could not be downloaded then it will be silently
 335      held back.
 336      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>.</para></listitem>
 337      </varlistentry>
 338
 339      <varlistentry><term><option>--no-download</option></term>
 340      <listitem><para>Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with
 341      <option>--ignore-missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has
 342      already downloaded.
 343      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>.</para></listitem>
 344      </varlistentry>
 345
 346      <varlistentry><term><option>-q</option></term><term><option>--quiet</option></term>
 347      <listitem><para>Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators.
 348      More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use
 349      <option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration file.
 350      Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>, you should never use -qq
 351      without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT may
 352      decided to do something you did not expect.
 353      Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>.</para></listitem>
 354      </varlistentry>
 355
 356      <varlistentry><term><option>-s</option></term>
 357                    <term><option>--simulate</option></term>
 358                    <term><option>--just-print</option></term>
 359                    <term><option>--dry-run</option></term>
 360                    <term><option>--recon</option></term>
 361                    <term><option>--no-act</option></term>
 362      <listitem><para>No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not
 363      actually change the system.
 364      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</literal>.</para>
 365
 366      <para>Simulate prints out
 367      a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf),
 368      Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages with
 369      and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence
 370      (rare).</para></listitem>
 371      </varlistentry>
 372
 373      <varlistentry><term><option>-y</option></term><term><option>--yes</option></term>
 374                    <term><option>--assume-yes</option></term>
 375      <listitem><para>Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and run
 376      non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held
 377      package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an essential package
 378      occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort.
 379      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>.</para></listitem>
 380      </varlistentry>
 381
 382      <varlistentry><term><option>-u</option></term><term><option>--show-upgraded</option></term>
 383      <listitem><para>Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be
 384      upgraded.
 385      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>.</para></listitem>
 386      </varlistentry>
 387
 388      <varlistentry><term><option>-V</option></term><term><option>--verbose-versions</option></term>
 389      <listitem><para>Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages.
 390      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>.</para></listitem>
 391      </varlistentry>
 392
 393      <varlistentry><term><option>-b</option></term><term><option>--compile</option></term>
 394                    <term><option>--build</option></term>
 395      <listitem><para>Compile source packages after downloading them.
 396      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>.</para></listitem>
 397      </varlistentry>
 398
 399      <varlistentry><term><option>--ignore-hold</option></term>
 400      <listitem><para>Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a hold
 401      placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with
 402      <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired holds.
 403      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>.</para></listitem>
 404      </varlistentry>
 405
 406      <varlistentry><term><option>--no-upgrade</option></term>
 407      <listitem><para>Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</literal>,
 408      <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command line
 409      from being upgraded if they are already installed.
 410      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>.</para></listitem>
 411      </varlistentry>
 412
 413      <varlistentry><term><option>--force-yes</option></term>
 414      <listitem><para>Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
 415      without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It
 416      should not be used except in very special situations. Using
 417      <literal>force-yes</literal> can potentially destroy your system!
 418      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>.</para></listitem>
 419      </varlistentry>
 420
 421      <varlistentry><term><option>--print-uris</option></term>
 422      <listitem><para>Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each
 423      URI will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected
 424      md5 hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match
 425      the file name on the remote site! This also works with the
 426      <literal>source</literal> and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the
 427      <literal>update</literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is
 428      up to the user to decompress any compressed files.
 429      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Print-URIs</literal>.</para></listitem>
 430      </varlistentry>
 431
 432      <varlistentry><term><option>--purge</option></term>
 433      <listitem><para>Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed.
 434      An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are
 435          scheduled to be purged. <option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent for
 436          <option>purge</option> command.
 437      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>.</para></listitem>
 438      </varlistentry>
 439
 440      <varlistentry><term><option>--reinstall</option></term>
 441      <listitem><para>Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest version.
 442      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>.</para></listitem>
 443      </varlistentry>
 444
 445      <varlistentry><term><option>--list-cleanup</option></term>
 446      <listitem><para>This option defaults to on, use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to turn it
 447      off. When on <command>apt-get</command> will automatically manage the contents of
 448      <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that obsolete files are erased.
 449      The only  reason to turn it off is if you frequently change your source
 450      list.
 451      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::List-Cleanup</literal>.</para></listitem>
 452      </varlistentry>
 453
 454      <varlistentry><term><option>-t</option></term>
 455                    <term><option>--target-release</option></term>
 456                    <term><option>--default-release</option></term>
 457      <listitem><para>This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates
 458      a default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string.
 459      This overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename>.
 460      Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value
 461      of this option. In short, this option
 462      lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be
 463      retrieved from. Some common examples might be
 464      <option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option>
 465      or <option>-t sid</option>.
 466      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>;
 467      see also the &apt-preferences; manual page.</para></listitem>
 468      </varlistentry>
 469
 470      <varlistentry><term><option>--trivial-only</option></term>
 471      <listitem><para>
 472      Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered
 473      related to <option>--assume-yes</option>, where <option>--assume-yes</option> will answer
 474      yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will answer no.
 475      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
 476      </varlistentry>
 477
 478      <varlistentry><term><option>--no-remove</option></term>
 479      <listitem><para>If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without
 480      prompting.
 481      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>.</para></listitem>
 482      </varlistentry>
 483
 484      <varlistentry><term><option>--auto-remove</option></term>
 485      <listitem><para>If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</literal>,
 486      then this option acts like running <literal>autoremove</literal> command, removing the unused
 487      dependency packages. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>.
 488      </para></listitem>
 489      </varlistentry>
 490
 491      <varlistentry><term><option>--only-source</option></term>
 492      <listitem><para>Only has meaning for the
 493      <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</literal>
 494      commands.  Indicates that the given source names are not to be
 495      mapped through the binary table.  This means that if this option
 496      is specified, these commands will only accept source package
 497      names as arguments, rather than accepting binary package names
 498      and looking up the corresponding source package.  Configuration
 499      Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</literal>.</para></listitem>
 500      </varlistentry>
 501
 502      <varlistentry><term><option>--diff-only</option></term><term><option>--dsc-only</option></term><term><option>--tar-only</option></term>
 503      <listitem><para>Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive.
 504      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</literal>, and
 505      <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
 506      </varlistentry>
 507
 508      <varlistentry><term><option>--arch-only</option></term>
 509      <listitem><para>Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies.
 510      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>.</para></listitem>
 511      </varlistentry>
 512
 513      <varlistentry><term><option>--allow-unauthenticated</option></term>
 514      <listitem><para>Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it.
 515      This is useful for tools like pbuilder.
 516      Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated</literal>.</para></listitem>
 517      </varlistentry>
 518
 519
 520      &apt-commonoptions;
 521
 522    </variablelist>
 523  </refsect1>
 524
 525  <refsect1><title>Files</title>
 526    <variablelist>
 527      <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>
 528      <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.
 529      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>
 530      </varlistentry>
 531
 532      <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>
 533      <listitem><para>APT configuration file.
 534      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>
 535      </varlistentry>
 536
 537      <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>
 538      <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.
 539      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>
 540      </varlistentry>
 541
 542      <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>
 543      <listitem><para>Version preferences file.
 544      This is where you would specify "pinning",
 545      i.e. a preference to get certain packages
 546      from a separate source
 547      or from a different version of a distribution.
 548      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>
 549      </varlistentry>
 550
 551      <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>
 552      <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.
 553      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>
 554      </varlistentry>
 555
 556      <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>
 557      <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.
 558      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (implicit partial). </para></listitem>
 559      </varlistentry>
 560
 561      <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>
 562      <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in
 563      &sources-list;
 564      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>
 565      </varlistentry>
 566
 567      <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>
 568      <listitem><para> Storage area for state information in transit.
 569      Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (implicit partial).</para></listitem>
 570      </varlistentry>
 571    </variablelist>
 572  </refsect1>
 573
 574  <refsect1><title>See Also</title>
 575    <para>&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;,
 576    &apt-conf;, &apt-config;, &apt-secure;,
 577    The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-preferences;, the APT Howto.</para>
 578  </refsect1>
 579
 580  <refsect1><title>Diagnostics</title>
 581    <para><command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error.</para>
 582  </refsect1>
 583  <refsect1>
 584          <title>ORIGINAL AUTHORS</title>
 585          <para>&apt-author.jgunthorpe;</para>
 586  </refsect1>
 587  <refsect1>
 588          <title>CURRENT AUTHORS</title>
 589          <para>
 590                  &apt-author.team;
 591          </para>
 592                  &apt-qapage;
 593  </refsect1>
 594  &manbugs;
 595 </refentry>