1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) 2000 Debian Italian l10n team <debian-l10n-italian@lists.debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # Eugenia Franzoni <eugenia@linuxcare.com>, 2000
11 "Project-Id-Version: \n"
12 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-21 04:50+0300\n"
13 "PO-Revision-Date: 2003-04-26 23:26+0100\n"
14 "Last-Translator: Traduzione di Eugenia Franzoni <eugenia@linuxcare.com>\n"
15 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-italian@lists.debian.org>\n"
18 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
19 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
36 msgid "Debian GNU/Linux"
47 msgid "apt - Advanced Package Tool"
70 "APT is a management system for software packages. For normal day to day "
71 "package management there are several frontends available, such as B<aptitude>"
72 "(8) for the command line or B<synaptic>(8) for the X Window System. Some "
73 "options are only implemented in B<apt-get>(8) though."
85 "B<apt-cache>(8), B<apt-get>(8), B<apt.conf>(5), B<sources.list>(5), "
86 "B<apt_preferences>(5), B<apt-secure>(8)"
97 msgid "apt returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error."
108 msgid "This manpage isn't even started."
114 "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
115 "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
116 "B<reportbug>(1) command."
127 msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
132 msgid "<!-- -*- mode: sgml; mode: fold -*- -->"
139 "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
140 "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
142 " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
144 " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
145 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
147 " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></copyright>\n"
148 " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
149 " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
158 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
160 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
161 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
170 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
172 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
181 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
182 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
183 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
184 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
185 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
186 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
187 " &reportbug; command.\n"
197 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
198 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
199 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
200 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
210 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
211 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
212 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
213 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
214 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
215 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
226 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
227 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
228 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
239 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
240 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
241 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
242 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
243 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
244 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
245 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
256 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
257 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
258 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
259 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
260 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
261 " times to set different options.\n"
272 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
273 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
274 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
275 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
276 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
277 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
278 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
279 " or several other variations.\n"
288 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
289 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
290 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
291 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
299 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
300 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
301 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
310 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
311 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
312 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
313 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
321 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
322 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
323 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended). </para></listitem>\n"
332 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
333 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
334 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
335 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
336 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
337 " from a separate source\n"
338 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
339 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
347 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
348 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
349 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
358 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
359 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
360 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
361 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
369 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
370 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
371 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
380 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
381 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
382 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
384 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
392 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
393 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
394 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended).</para></listitem>\n"
403 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
404 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
405 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
406 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
414 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
415 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
416 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
417 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
426 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
427 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
428 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
429 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
430 " </para></listitem>\n"
439 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
440 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
441 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
448 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
449 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
450 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
451 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
452 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
453 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
454 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
462 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
463 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
464 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
465 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
466 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
467 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
468 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
469 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
470 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
477 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
478 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
484 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
485 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
491 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
492 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
493 "\"target_release\">"
499 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
500 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
506 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
507 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
513 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
514 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
520 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
521 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
527 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
528 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
534 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
535 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
541 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
542 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
543 "\"temporary_directory\">"
549 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
550 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
556 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
557 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
563 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
564 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
571 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
572 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
579 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
580 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
586 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
587 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
590 #. The last update date
591 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo>
592 #: apt-cache.8.xml:16
594 "&apt-author.jgunthorpe; &apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product; <date>04 "
595 "February 2011</date>"
598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
599 #: apt-cache.8.xml:26 apt-cdrom.8.xml:25 apt-config.8.xml:26 apt-get.8.xml:26
600 #: apt-key.8.xml:18 apt-mark.8.xml:26 apt-secure.8.xml:18
604 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
605 #: apt-cache.8.xml:27 apt-cdrom.8.xml:26 apt-config.8.xml:27
606 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:27 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:27 apt-get.8.xml:27
607 #: apt-key.8.xml:19 apt-mark.8.xml:27 apt-secure.8.xml:19
608 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:27 apt.conf.5.xml:33 apt_preferences.5.xml:26
609 #: sources.list.5.xml:27
613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
614 #: apt-cache.8.xml:33
615 msgid "query the APT cache"
618 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
619 #: apt-cache.8.xml:38 apt-cdrom.8.xml:37 apt-config.8.xml:38
620 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:38 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:38 apt-get.8.xml:38
621 #: apt-key.8.xml:30 apt-mark.8.xml:38 apt-secure.8.xml:43
622 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:38 apt.conf.5.xml:42 apt_preferences.5.xml:36
623 #: sources.list.5.xml:36
627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
628 #: apt-cache.8.xml:39
630 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
631 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
632 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
633 "output from the package metadata."
636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
637 #: apt-cache.8.xml:44 apt-get.8.xml:44
639 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
640 "one of the commands below must be present."
643 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
644 #: apt-cache.8.xml:49
646 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
647 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
651 #: apt-cache.8.xml:53 apt-cache.8.xml:142 apt-cache.8.xml:163
652 #: apt-cache.8.xml:187 apt-cache.8.xml:192 apt-cache.8.xml:208
653 #: apt-cache.8.xml:226 apt-cache.8.xml:238
654 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
657 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
658 #: apt-cache.8.xml:54
660 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
661 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
662 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
663 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
664 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
665 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
666 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
667 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
668 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
672 #: apt-cache.8.xml:66
675 "Package: libreadline2\n"
676 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
677 "Reverse Depends: \n"
678 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
679 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
681 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
684 "Reverse Provides: \n"
687 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
688 #: apt-cache.8.xml:78
690 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
691 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
692 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
693 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
694 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
695 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
696 "best to consult the apt source code."
699 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
700 #: apt-cache.8.xml:87
702 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
703 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
706 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
707 #: apt-cache.8.xml:90
709 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
714 #: apt-cache.8.xml:94
716 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
717 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
718 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
719 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
722 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
723 #: apt-cache.8.xml:100
725 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
726 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
727 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
728 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian GNU/Linux system is a pure virtual "
729 "package; several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no "
730 "package named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
734 #: apt-cache.8.xml:108
736 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
737 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
738 "Debian GNU/Linux system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only "
739 "one package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
743 #: apt-cache.8.xml:114
745 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
746 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
747 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian GNU/Linux system, \"debconf"
748 "\" is both an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
751 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
752 #: apt-cache.8.xml:121
754 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
755 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
756 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
757 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
758 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
762 #: apt-cache.8.xml:128
764 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
765 "found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of "
766 "total package names. If more than one distribution (both \"stable\" and "
767 "\"unstable\", for instance), is being accessed, this value can be "
768 "considerably larger than the number of total package names."
771 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
772 #: apt-cache.8.xml:135
774 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
775 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
778 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
779 #: apt-cache.8.xml:143
781 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
782 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
783 "records that declare the name to be a Binary."
786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
787 #: apt-cache.8.xml:149
789 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
790 "It is primarily for debugging."
793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
794 #: apt-cache.8.xml:154
796 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
797 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
800 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
801 #: apt-cache.8.xml:159
803 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
808 #: apt-cache.8.xml:164
810 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
811 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
814 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
815 #: apt-cache.8.xml:169
816 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
820 #: apt-cache.8.xml:170
822 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
823 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see "
824 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle><command>regex</command></refentrytitle> "
825 "<manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. It searches the package names and "
826 "the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular expression and prints out "
827 "the package name and the short description, including virtual package "
828 "names. If <option>--full</option> is given then output identical to "
829 "<literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched package, and if "
830 "<option>--names-only</option> is given then the long description is not "
831 "searched, only the package name is."
834 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
835 #: apt-cache.8.xml:183
837 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
841 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
842 #: apt-cache.8.xml:188
844 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
845 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
848 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
849 #: apt-cache.8.xml:193
851 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
855 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
856 #: apt-cache.8.xml:197
857 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
860 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
861 #: apt-cache.8.xml:198
863 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
864 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
865 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
866 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
870 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
871 #: apt-cache.8.xml:203
873 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
874 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
875 "the generated list."
878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
879 #: apt-cache.8.xml:209
881 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
882 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
883 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
884 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
885 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
886 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
887 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
888 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
892 #: apt-cache.8.xml:218
894 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
895 "pure provides are triangles, mixed provides are diamonds, missing packages "
896 "are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped [leaf packages], blue "
897 "lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
900 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
901 #: apt-cache.8.xml:223
902 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
906 #: apt-cache.8.xml:227
908 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
909 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
913 #: apt-cache.8.xml:231
914 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
918 #: apt-cache.8.xml:232
920 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
921 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
922 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
923 "selection of the named package."
926 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
927 #: apt-cache.8.xml:239
929 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
930 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
931 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
932 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
933 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
934 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
935 "Architecture</literal>)."
938 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
939 #: apt-cache.8.xml:250 apt-config.8.xml:84 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:52
940 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:504 apt-get.8.xml:259 apt-mark.8.xml:108
941 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:48
945 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
946 #: apt-cache.8.xml:255
948 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
949 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
950 "pkgcache</literal>."
953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
954 #: apt-cache.8.xml:261
956 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
957 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
958 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
959 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
960 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
964 #: apt-cache.8.xml:269
966 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
967 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
968 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
969 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
972 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
973 #: apt-cache.8.xml:276
975 "Print only important dependencies; for use with unmet and depends. Causes "
976 "only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to be printed. Configuration Item: "
977 "<literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
980 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
981 #: apt-cache.8.xml:289
983 "Per default the <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> "
984 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
985 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
986 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
987 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
990 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
991 #: apt-cache.8.xml:296
993 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
994 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
997 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
998 #: apt-cache.8.xml:301
1000 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1001 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1002 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will displayed "
1003 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1004 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1005 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1008 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1009 #: apt-cache.8.xml:310
1011 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1012 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1013 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1016 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1017 #: apt-cache.8.xml:316
1019 "Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions. Configuration "
1020 "Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1023 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1024 #: apt-cache.8.xml:321
1026 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1027 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1028 "AllNames</literal>."
1031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1032 #: apt-cache.8.xml:327
1034 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1035 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1036 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1039 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1040 #: apt-cache.8.xml:334
1042 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1043 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1044 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1047 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
1048 #: apt-cache.8.xml:339 apt-cdrom.8.xml:140 apt-config.8.xml:104
1049 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:63 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:591 apt-get.8.xml:514
1050 #: apt-mark.8.xml:122 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:58
1051 msgid "&apt-commonoptions;"
1054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1055 #: apt-cache.8.xml:344 apt-get.8.xml:519 apt-key.8.xml:167 apt-mark.8.xml:126
1056 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1119 apt_preferences.5.xml:698
1060 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
1061 #: apt-cache.8.xml:346
1062 msgid "&file-sourceslist; &file-statelists;"
1065 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1066 #: apt-cache.8.xml:351 apt-cdrom.8.xml:145 apt-config.8.xml:109
1067 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:70 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:607 apt-get.8.xml:529
1068 #: apt-key.8.xml:188 apt-mark.8.xml:132 apt-secure.8.xml:185
1069 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:63 apt.conf.5.xml:1125 apt_preferences.5.xml:705
1070 #: sources.list.5.xml:255
1074 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1075 #: apt-cache.8.xml:352
1076 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1079 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1080 #: apt-cache.8.xml:356 apt-cdrom.8.xml:150 apt-config.8.xml:114
1081 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:74 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:611 apt-get.8.xml:535
1082 #: apt-mark.8.xml:136 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:67
1086 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1087 #: apt-cache.8.xml:357
1089 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1093 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo>
1094 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:16
1096 "&apt-author.jgunthorpe; &apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product; <date>14 "
1097 "February 2004</date>"
1100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1101 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:32
1102 msgid "APT CDROM management utility"
1105 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1106 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:38
1108 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CDROM to APTs list of "
1109 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
1110 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
1111 "burns and verifying the index files."
1114 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1115 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:45
1117 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
1118 "system, it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disk in a multi-cd set "
1119 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
1122 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1123 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:56
1125 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
1126 "unmount the CDROM device, prompt for a disk to be inserted and then proceed "
1127 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
1128 "<filename>disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
1132 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1133 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:64
1135 "APT uses a CDROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
1136 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
1140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1141 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:72
1143 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
1147 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1148 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:51
1150 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given "
1151 "one of the commands below must be present. <placeholder type=\"variablelist"
1155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1156 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:81 apt-key.8.xml:153
1160 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1161 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:86
1163 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the cdrom. This mount point must "
1164 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
1165 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
1168 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1169 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:95
1171 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disk or override the disks given label. "
1172 "This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a new "
1173 "label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
1176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1177 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:104
1179 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
1180 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
1181 "NoMount</literal>."
1184 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1185 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:112
1187 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
1188 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
1189 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
1190 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
1193 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1194 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:122
1196 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
1197 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
1198 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
1201 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1202 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:133
1204 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
1205 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
1206 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
1209 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1210 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:146
1211 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
1214 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1215 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:151
1217 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1221 #. The last update date
1222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo>
1223 #: apt-config.8.xml:16 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:16 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:16
1224 #: sources.list.5.xml:16
1226 "&apt-author.jgunthorpe; &apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product; <date>29 "
1227 "February 2004</date>"
1230 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1231 #: apt-config.8.xml:33
1232 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
1235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1236 #: apt-config.8.xml:39
1238 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
1239 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
1240 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
1241 "manner that is easy to use by scripted applications."
1244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1245 #: apt-config.8.xml:44 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:54
1247 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given "
1248 "one of the commands below must be present."
1251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1252 #: apt-config.8.xml:51
1254 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
1255 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
1256 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists a series of "
1257 "shell assignments commands for each present value. In a shell script it "
1258 "should be used like:"
1261 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1262 #: apt-config.8.xml:59
1266 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
1270 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1271 #: apt-config.8.xml:64
1273 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
1274 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
1277 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1278 #: apt-config.8.xml:68
1280 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
1281 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
1282 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
1285 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1286 #: apt-config.8.xml:77
1287 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
1290 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1291 #: apt-config.8.xml:90
1293 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
1294 "empty to remove them from the output."
1297 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1298 #: apt-config.8.xml:95
1299 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
1302 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1303 #: apt-config.8.xml:96
1305 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
1306 "the name of the option, %f with the complete optionname and %v "
1307 "with the value of the option. Use uppercase letters and special characters "
1308 "in the value will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be savely used in a "
1309 "quoted-string as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced "
1310 "by a newline, %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %"
1314 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1315 #: apt-config.8.xml:110 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:71 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:608
1316 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:64
1320 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1321 #: apt-config.8.xml:115
1323 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1327 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
1328 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:26 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:26 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:26
1332 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1333 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:33
1334 msgid "Utility to extract DebConf config and templates from Debian packages"
1337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1338 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:39
1340 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
1341 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
1342 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
1343 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
1347 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1348 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:44
1349 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
1352 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1353 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:45
1355 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
1356 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
1357 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
1358 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXX</filename> and "
1359 "<filename>package.config.XXXX</filename>"
1362 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1363 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:58
1365 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted debconf template files and "
1366 "config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::"
1370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1371 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:75
1373 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
1374 "decimal 100 on error."
1377 #. The last update date
1378 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo>
1379 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:16
1381 "&apt-author.jgunthorpe; &apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product; <date>17 "
1382 "August 2009</date>"
1385 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1386 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:33
1387 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
1390 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1391 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:39
1393 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
1394 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
1395 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
1399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1400 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:43
1402 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
1403 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
1404 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
1405 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
1406 "generation process for a complete archive."
1409 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1410 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:49
1412 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
1413 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
1414 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
1415 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
1419 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1420 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:60
1422 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
1423 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
1424 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
1425 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
1428 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1429 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:65 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:89
1431 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
1434 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1435 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:70
1437 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
1438 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1439 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
1440 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
1443 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1444 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:75
1446 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
1447 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
1448 "change the source override file that will be used."
1451 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1452 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:82
1454 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
1455 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1456 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
1457 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
1458 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
1459 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
1462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1463 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:94
1465 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
1466 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
1467 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and the "
1468 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
1469 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
1470 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
1471 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
1472 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
1473 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a Release file containing a MD5, SHA1 "
1474 "and SHA256 digest for each file."
1477 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1478 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:104
1480 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
1481 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
1482 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
1483 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
1484 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
1485 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
1486 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
1487 "<literal>Description</literal>."
1490 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1491 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:117
1493 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
1494 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
1495 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
1496 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
1497 "maintaining the required settings."
1500 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1501 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:126
1503 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
1504 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
1507 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1508 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:132
1509 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
1512 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1513 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:134
1515 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
1516 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
1517 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
1518 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
1519 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
1520 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
1523 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1524 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:142
1526 "The generate configuration has 4 separate sections, each described below."
1529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1530 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:144
1534 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1535 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:146
1537 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
1538 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
1539 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
1540 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
1543 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1544 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:153
1546 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
1547 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
1551 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1552 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:160
1553 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
1556 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1557 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:165
1558 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files"
1561 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1562 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:170
1564 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
1565 "literal> setting is used below."
1568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1569 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:176
1570 msgid "Default Section"
1573 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1574 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:178
1576 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
1577 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
1578 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
1581 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1582 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:184
1584 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the Package index files. It "
1585 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
1586 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
1590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1591 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:192
1593 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
1594 "defaults to '.deb'."
1597 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1598 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:198
1600 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1601 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
1604 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1605 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:204
1607 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
1608 "defaults to '.dsc'."
1611 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1612 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:210
1614 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1615 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
1618 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1619 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:216
1621 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1622 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
1625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1626 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:222
1628 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
1629 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
1630 "Links</literal> setting."
1633 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1634 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:229
1636 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
1637 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
1640 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1641 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:236 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:382
1643 "Sets if long descriptions should be included in the Packages file or split "
1644 "out into a master Translation-en file."
1647 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1648 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:242
1649 msgid "TreeDefault Section"
1652 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1653 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:244
1655 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
1656 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
1657 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
1660 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1661 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:251
1663 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
1664 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
1668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1669 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:258
1671 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
1672 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
1673 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
1674 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
1675 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
1676 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
1679 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1680 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:269
1682 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1683 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
1686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1687 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:275
1689 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
1690 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
1693 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1694 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:281
1696 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1697 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
1700 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1701 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:287
1703 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1704 "source/Sources</filename>"
1707 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1708 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:293
1710 "Set the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if they "
1711 "should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1712 "$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
1715 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1716 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:300
1718 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
1719 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
1723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1724 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:307
1726 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/Contents-$(ARCH)"
1727 "</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files to map onto a "
1728 "single Contents file (such as the default) then <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1729 "command> will integrate those package files together automatically."
1732 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1733 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:316
1734 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
1737 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1738 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:321
1740 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
1741 "can share the same database."
1744 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1745 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:327
1747 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1748 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1749 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
1752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1753 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:334
1755 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1756 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1757 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
1758 "when processing source indexes."
1761 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1762 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:342
1763 msgid "Tree Section"
1766 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1767 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:344
1769 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
1770 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
1771 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
1772 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
1776 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1777 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:349
1779 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
1780 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
1781 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
1782 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
1785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1786 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:354
1788 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
1789 "can be use in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
1793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
1794 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:360
1797 "for i in Sections do \n"
1798 " for j in Architectures do\n"
1799 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
1803 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1804 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:357
1806 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1807 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
1811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1812 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:368
1814 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
1815 "distribution, typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
1819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1820 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:375
1822 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
1823 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
1824 "this tree has a source archive."
1827 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1828 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:388
1830 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
1831 "and maintainer address information."
1834 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1835 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:394
1837 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
1841 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1842 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:400 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:446
1843 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
1846 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1847 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:405 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:451
1848 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
1851 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1852 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:410
1853 msgid "BinDirectory Section"
1856 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1857 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:412
1859 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
1860 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
1861 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
1862 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
1863 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
1866 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1867 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:420
1868 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
1871 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1872 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:425
1874 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
1875 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
1878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1879 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:431
1880 msgid "Sets the Contents file output. (optional)"
1883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1884 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:436
1885 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
1888 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1889 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:441
1890 msgid "Sets the source override file."
1893 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1894 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:456
1895 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
1898 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1899 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:461
1900 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
1903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1904 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:466
1905 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
1908 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1909 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:473
1910 msgid "The Binary Override File"
1913 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1914 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:474
1916 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
1917 "contains 4 fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package name, "
1918 "the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the the "
1919 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
1920 "permutation field."
1923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1924 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:480
1926 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
1929 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1930 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:482
1935 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1936 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:479
1938 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
1939 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
1940 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
1941 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
1942 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
1946 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1947 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:490
1948 msgid "The Source Override File"
1951 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1952 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:492
1954 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
1955 "contains 2 fields separated by spaces. The first fields is the source "
1956 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
1959 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1960 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:497
1961 msgid "The Extra Override File"
1964 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1965 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:499
1967 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
1968 "the output. It has 3 columns, the first is the package, the second is the "
1969 "tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
1972 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1973 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:510
1975 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
1976 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
1977 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
1978 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
1979 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
1980 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
1981 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
1982 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
1983 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
1986 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1987 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:521
1989 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
1990 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
1993 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1994 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:527
1996 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1997 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1998 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
1999 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
2002 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2003 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:535
2005 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
2006 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
2007 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
2008 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
2011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2012 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:543
2014 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
2015 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
2016 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
2017 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
2018 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
2021 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2022 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:553
2024 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
2025 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
2029 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2030 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:559
2032 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
2033 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
2036 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2037 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:564
2039 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
2040 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
2041 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
2042 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
2045 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2046 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:572
2048 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
2049 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
2050 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
2051 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
2052 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
2053 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
2054 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
2055 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
2059 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2060 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:584
2062 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
2063 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
2064 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
2065 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
2066 "in the generate command."
2069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2070 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:596 apt.conf.5.xml:1113 apt_preferences.5.xml:545
2071 #: sources.list.5.xml:214
2075 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
2076 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:602
2078 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
2081 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2082 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
2084 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
2085 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
2088 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2089 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:612
2091 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
2095 #. The last update date
2096 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo>
2099 "&apt-author.jgunthorpe; &apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product; <date>08 "
2100 "November 2008</date>"
2103 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2105 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
2108 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2111 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
2112 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
2113 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;, "
2114 "&aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;."
2117 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2120 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
2121 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
2122 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
2123 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
2124 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
2125 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
2126 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
2127 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
2128 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
2131 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2134 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
2135 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
2136 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
2137 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
2138 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
2139 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
2140 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
2141 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
2142 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
2143 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
2146 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2149 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
2150 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
2151 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
2152 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
2153 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
2157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2160 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
2161 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
2162 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
2163 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
2164 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. So, "
2165 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages. The "
2166 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations "
2167 "from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-preferences; "
2168 "for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual packages."
2171 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2174 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
2175 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
2176 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system, libc6 would "
2177 "be the argument provided, not <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All "
2178 "packages required by the package(s) specified for installation will also be "
2179 "retrieved and installed. The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> "
2180 "file is used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the "
2181 "package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
2182 "removed if it is installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate "
2183 "a package to install. These latter features may be used to override "
2184 "decisions made by apt-get's conflict resolution system."
2187 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2188 #: apt-get.8.xml:116
2190 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
2191 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
2192 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
2193 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
2194 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
2195 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
2198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2199 #: apt-get.8.xml:123
2201 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
2205 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2206 #: apt-get.8.xml:126
2208 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
2209 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
2210 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
2211 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
2212 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
2213 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
2214 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
2217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2218 #: apt-get.8.xml:137
2220 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
2221 "installation policy for individual packages."
2224 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2225 #: apt-get.8.xml:141
2227 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
2228 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
2229 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
2230 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
2231 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
2232 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
2236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2237 #: apt-get.8.xml:151
2239 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
2240 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package "
2241 "leaves its configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the "
2242 "package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
2243 "installed instead of removed."
2246 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2247 #: apt-get.8.xml:159
2249 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
2250 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
2254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2255 #: apt-get.8.xml:164
2257 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
2258 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
2259 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
2260 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
2261 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
2262 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
2263 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
2266 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2267 #: apt-get.8.xml:172
2269 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
2270 "src</literal> type lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you "
2271 "will need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources "
2272 "from. If you don't do this you will properly get another (newer, older or "
2273 "none) source version than the one you have installed or could install."
2276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2277 #: apt-get.8.xml:179
2279 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
2280 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
2281 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
2282 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
2283 "package will not be unpacked."
2286 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2287 #: apt-get.8.xml:186
2289 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
2290 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
2291 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
2292 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
2296 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2297 #: apt-get.8.xml:192
2299 "Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages, they exist "
2300 "only in the current directory and are similar to downloading source tar "
2304 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2305 #: apt-get.8.xml:198
2307 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
2308 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
2309 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
2310 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
2311 "option> option instead."
2314 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2315 #: apt-get.8.xml:205
2317 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
2318 "and checks for broken dependencies."
2321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2322 #: apt-get.8.xml:210
2324 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
2325 "current directory."
2328 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2329 #: apt-get.8.xml:216
2331 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
2332 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
2333 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
2334 "partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a &dselect; method, <literal>clean</"
2335 "literal> is run automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely "
2336 "want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal> from time to time to free up "
2340 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2341 #: apt-get.8.xml:226
2343 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
2344 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
2345 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
2346 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
2347 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
2348 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
2352 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2353 #: apt-get.8.xml:236
2355 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
2356 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
2357 "now no longer needed."
2360 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2361 #: apt-get.8.xml:241
2363 "<literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays it "
2364 "through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base "
2365 "directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal> "
2366 "variable (e. g. <ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/changelogs"
2367 "\">packages.debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for Debian or <ulink url=\"http://"
2368 "changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs\">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> "
2369 "for Ubuntu). By default it displays the changelog for the version that is "
2370 "installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the "
2371 "<option>install</option> command."
2374 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2375 #: apt-get.8.xml:264
2377 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
2378 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
2381 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2382 #: apt-get.8.xml:269
2384 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
2385 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
2388 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2389 #: apt-get.8.xml:274
2391 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
2392 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
2395 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2396 #: apt-get.8.xml:279
2398 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
2399 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
2400 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
2401 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
2402 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
2403 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
2404 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
2405 "means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some "
2406 "of the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</"
2407 "option> may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: "
2408 "<literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
2411 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2412 #: apt-get.8.xml:294
2414 "Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
2415 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
2416 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
2417 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
2418 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
2419 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
2420 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
2423 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2424 #: apt-get.8.xml:305
2426 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
2427 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
2428 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
2431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2432 #: apt-get.8.xml:312
2434 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
2435 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
2436 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
2437 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>, you should never "
2438 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
2439 "may decided to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
2440 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
2443 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2444 #: apt-get.8.xml:327
2446 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not "
2447 "actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2448 "Simulate</literal>."
2451 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2452 #: apt-get.8.xml:331
2454 "Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (<literal>Debug::NoLocking</"
2455 "literal>) automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this "
2456 "is only a simulation, if the option <literal>APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-"
2457 "Note</literal> is set (Default: true). Neither NoLocking nor the notice "
2458 "will be triggered if run as root (root should know what he is doing without "
2459 "further warnings by <literal>apt-get</literal>)."
2462 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2463 #: apt-get.8.xml:337
2465 "Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a dpkg "
2466 "operation, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets "
2467 "indicate broken packages and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks "
2468 "that are of no consequence (rare)."
2471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2472 #: apt-get.8.xml:346
2474 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
2475 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
2476 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
2477 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
2478 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
2481 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2482 #: apt-get.8.xml:354
2484 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2485 "Assume-No</literal>."
2488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2489 #: apt-get.8.xml:359
2491 "Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be "
2492 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
2495 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2496 #: apt-get.8.xml:365
2498 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
2499 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
2502 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2503 #: apt-get.8.xml:371
2505 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
2506 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
2507 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
2508 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
2509 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
2510 "Architecture</literal>"
2513 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2514 #: apt-get.8.xml:381
2516 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
2517 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
2520 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2521 #: apt-get.8.xml:386
2523 "Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
2524 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
2525 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
2526 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
2529 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2530 #: apt-get.8.xml:393
2532 "Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2533 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
2534 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
2535 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
2538 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2539 #: apt-get.8.xml:400
2541 "Do not install new packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2542 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
2543 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
2544 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
2547 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2548 #: apt-get.8.xml:408
2550 "Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
2551 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
2552 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
2553 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
2554 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>."
2557 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2558 #: apt-get.8.xml:416
2560 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
2561 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected md5 "
2562 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
2563 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
2564 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
2565 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
2566 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2567 "Print-URIs</literal>."
2570 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2571 #: apt-get.8.xml:427
2573 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
2574 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
2575 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
2576 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
2579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2580 #: apt-get.8.xml:435
2582 "Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
2583 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
2586 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2587 #: apt-get.8.xml:440
2589 "This option defaults to on, use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to turn "
2590 "it off. When on <command>apt-get</command> will automatically manage the "
2591 "contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that obsolete "
2592 "files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently "
2593 "change your source list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::List-"
2594 "Cleanup</literal>."
2597 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2598 #: apt-get.8.xml:451
2600 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates a "
2601 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
2602 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
2603 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
2604 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
2605 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
2606 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
2607 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
2608 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
2611 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2612 #: apt-get.8.xml:466
2614 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
2615 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>, where <option>--assume-yes</"
2616 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
2617 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
2620 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2621 #: apt-get.8.xml:473
2623 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
2624 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
2627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2628 #: apt-get.8.xml:479
2630 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
2631 "literal>, then this option acts like running <literal>autoremove</literal> "
2632 "command, removing the unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
2633 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
2636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2637 #: apt-get.8.xml:486
2639 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
2640 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
2641 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
2642 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
2643 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
2644 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
2648 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2649 #: apt-get.8.xml:497
2651 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
2652 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
2653 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
2656 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2657 #: apt-get.8.xml:503
2659 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
2660 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
2663 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2664 #: apt-get.8.xml:508
2666 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
2667 "is useful for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2668 "AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
2671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
2672 #: apt-get.8.xml:521
2674 "&file-sourceslist; &file-aptconf; &file-preferences; &file-cachearchives; "
2678 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2679 #: apt-get.8.xml:530
2681 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, "
2682 "&apt-config;, &apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-"
2683 "preferences;, the APT Howto."
2686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2687 #: apt-get.8.xml:536
2689 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
2693 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2694 #: apt-get.8.xml:539
2695 msgid "ORIGINAL AUTHORS"
2698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2699 #: apt-get.8.xml:540
2700 msgid "&apt-author.jgunthorpe;"
2703 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2704 #: apt-get.8.xml:543
2705 msgid "CURRENT AUTHORS"
2708 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2709 #: apt-get.8.xml:545
2710 msgid "&apt-author.team;"
2713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2715 msgid "APT key management utility"
2718 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2721 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
2722 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
2723 "keys will be considered trusted."
2726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2731 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2734 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
2735 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
2736 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
2739 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2741 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
2744 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2746 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
2749 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2751 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
2754 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2756 msgid "List trusted keys."
2759 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2760 #: apt-key.8.xml:100
2761 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
2764 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2765 #: apt-key.8.xml:111
2767 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
2771 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2772 #: apt-key.8.xml:123
2774 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
2775 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
2776 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
2777 "distribution, e.g. the <literal>debian-archive-keyring</literal> package in "
2781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2782 #: apt-key.8.xml:137
2784 "Work similar to the <command>update</command> command above, but get the "
2785 "archive keyring from an URI instead and validate it against a master key. "
2786 "This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build configured to have a "
2787 "server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. APT in Debian does "
2788 "not support this command and relies on <command>update</command> instead, "
2789 "but Ubuntu's APT does."
2792 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2793 #: apt-key.8.xml:154
2795 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
2799 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2800 #: apt-key.8.xml:157
2802 "With this option it is possible to specify a specific keyring file the "
2803 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
2804 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
2805 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
2806 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
2810 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
2811 #: apt-key.8.xml:170
2812 msgid "&file-trustedgpg;"
2815 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2816 #: apt-key.8.xml:172
2817 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
2820 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2821 #: apt-key.8.xml:173
2822 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
2825 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2826 #: apt-key.8.xml:176
2827 msgid "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</filename>"
2830 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2831 #: apt-key.8.xml:177
2832 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive trusted keys."
2835 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2836 #: apt-key.8.xml:180
2838 "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-removed-keys.gpg</filename>"
2841 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2842 #: apt-key.8.xml:181
2843 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive removed trusted keys."
2846 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2847 #: apt-key.8.xml:190
2848 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
2851 #. The last update date
2852 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo>
2853 #: apt-mark.8.xml:16
2855 "&apt-author.moconnor; &apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product; <date>21 "
2859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2860 #: apt-mark.8.xml:33
2861 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
2864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2865 #: apt-mark.8.xml:39
2867 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
2868 "being automatically installed."
2871 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2872 #: apt-mark.8.xml:43
2874 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
2875 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
2876 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
2877 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
2878 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
2881 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2882 #: apt-mark.8.xml:52
2884 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
2885 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
2886 "installed packages depend on this package."
2889 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2890 #: apt-mark.8.xml:60
2892 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
2893 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
2894 "if no other packages depend on it."
2897 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2898 #: apt-mark.8.xml:68
2900 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as hold back, which will "
2901 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
2902 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
2903 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
2904 "effected by the <option>--filename</option> option."
2907 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2908 #: apt-mark.8.xml:78
2910 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
2911 "package to allow all actions again."
2914 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2915 #: apt-mark.8.xml:84
2917 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
2918 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
2919 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
2920 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
2923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2924 #: apt-mark.8.xml:92
2926 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
2927 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
2928 "installed packages instead."
2931 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2932 #: apt-mark.8.xml:99
2934 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
2935 "the same way as for the other show commands."
2938 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><filename>
2939 #: apt-mark.8.xml:112 apt-mark.8.xml:113
2940 msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
2943 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2944 #: apt-mark.8.xml:115
2946 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
2947 "<filename><replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable></filename> instead "
2948 "of from the default location, which is <filename>extended_status</filename> "
2949 "in the directory defined by the Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</"
2953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
2954 #: apt-mark.8.xml:128
2955 msgid " &file-extended_states;"
2958 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2959 #: apt-mark.8.xml:133
2960 msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
2963 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2964 #: apt-mark.8.xml:137
2966 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
2970 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2971 #: apt-secure.8.xml:40
2972 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
2975 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2976 #: apt-secure.8.xml:45
2978 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
2979 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
2980 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
2981 "the Release file signing key."
2984 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2985 #: apt-secure.8.xml:53
2987 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature or with a signature "
2988 "that apt does not have a key for that package is considered untrusted and "
2989 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
2990 "currently only warn for unsigned archives, future releases might force all "
2991 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
2994 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2995 #: apt-secure.8.xml:62
2997 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
2998 "authentication feature."
3001 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3002 #: apt-secure.8.xml:67
3003 msgid "Trusted archives"
3006 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3007 #: apt-secure.8.xml:70
3009 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of "
3010 "different steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this "
3011 "chain, trusting an archive does not mean that the packages that you trust it "
3012 "do not contain malicious code but means that you trust the archive "
3013 "maintainer. It's the archive maintainer responsibility to ensure that the "
3014 "archive integrity is correct."
3017 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3018 #: apt-secure.8.xml:78
3020 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
3021 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
3022 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
3023 "packages respectively)."
3026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3027 #: apt-secure.8.xml:85
3029 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
3030 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. This upload in order to "
3031 "become effective needs to be signed by a key of a maintainer within the "
3032 "Debian maintainer's keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). "
3033 "Maintainer's keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established "
3034 "procedures to ensure the identity of the key holder."
3037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3038 #: apt-secure.8.xml:95
3040 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
3041 "maintainer signature is stripped off, an MD5 sum of the package is computed "
3042 "and put in the Packages file. The MD5 sum of all of the packages files are "
3043 "then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is then signed "
3044 "by the archive key (which is created once a year) and distributed through "
3045 "the FTP server. This key is also on the Debian keyring."
3048 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3049 #: apt-secure.8.xml:105
3051 "Any end user can check the signature of the Release file, extract the MD5 "
3052 "sum of a package from it and compare it with the MD5 sum of the package he "
3053 "downloaded. Prior to version 0.6 only the MD5 sum of the downloaded Debian "
3054 "package was checked. Now both the MD5 sum and the signature of the Release "
3058 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3059 #: apt-secure.8.xml:112
3061 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
3062 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
3065 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3066 #: apt-secure.8.xml:117
3068 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
3069 "checking, a malicious agent can introduce himself in the package download "
3070 "process and provide malicious software either by controlling a network "
3071 "element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue server "
3072 "(through arp or DNS spoofing attacks)."
3075 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3076 #: apt-secure.8.xml:125
3078 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
3079 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
3080 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
3084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3085 #: apt-secure.8.xml:132
3087 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
3088 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
3089 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
3090 "package signature."
3093 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3094 #: apt-secure.8.xml:138
3095 msgid "User configuration"
3098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3099 #: apt-secure.8.xml:140
3101 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
3102 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys although an installation of "
3103 "this release will automatically provide the default Debian archive signing "
3104 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
3107 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3108 #: apt-secure.8.xml:147
3110 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
3111 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
3112 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
3113 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
3114 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
3118 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3119 #: apt-secure.8.xml:156
3120 msgid "Archive configuration"
3123 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3124 #: apt-secure.8.xml:158
3126 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
3127 "maintenance you have to:"
3130 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3131 #: apt-secure.8.xml:163
3133 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
3134 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
3135 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
3138 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3139 #: apt-secure.8.xml:168
3141 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
3142 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
3143 "gpg Release</command>."
3146 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3147 #: apt-secure.8.xml:172
3149 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
3150 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
3154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3155 #: apt-secure.8.xml:179
3157 "Whenever the contents of the archive changes (new packages are added or "
3158 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps previously "
3162 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3163 #: apt-secure.8.xml:187
3165 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
3166 "&debsign; &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
3169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3170 #: apt-secure.8.xml:191
3172 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
3173 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
3174 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
3175 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
3176 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
3177 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
3180 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3181 #: apt-secure.8.xml:204
3182 msgid "Manpage Authors"
3185 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3186 #: apt-secure.8.xml:206
3188 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
3189 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
3192 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3193 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:33
3194 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
3197 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3198 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:39
3200 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (Source index or "
3201 "Package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
3202 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
3203 "internal sorting rules."
3206 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3207 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:45
3208 msgid "All output is sent to stdout, the input must be a seekable file."
3211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3212 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:54
3214 "Use Source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
3215 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
3218 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3219 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:68
3221 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
3225 #. The last update date
3226 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo>
3227 #: apt.conf.5.xml:16
3229 "&apt-author.jgunthorpe; &apt-author.team; <author> <firstname>Daniel</"
3230 "firstname> <surname>Burrows</surname> <contrib>Initial documentation of "
3231 "Debug::*.</contrib> <email>dburrows@debian.org</email> </author> &apt-email; "
3232 "&apt-product; <date>16 January 2010</date>"
3235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
3236 #: apt.conf.5.xml:32 apt_preferences.5.xml:25 sources.list.5.xml:26
3240 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3241 #: apt.conf.5.xml:39
3242 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
3245 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3246 #: apt.conf.5.xml:43
3248 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file for the APT "
3249 "suite of tools, but by far not the only place changes to options can be "
3250 "made. All tools therefore share the configuration files and also use a "
3251 "common command line parser to provide a uniform environment."
3254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
3255 #: apt.conf.5.xml:48
3257 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
3261 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3262 #: apt.conf.5.xml:50
3264 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
3268 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3269 #: apt.conf.5.xml:52
3271 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
3272 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
3273 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
3274 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
3275 "ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
3276 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this case it will be "
3280 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3281 #: apt.conf.5.xml:59
3283 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
3286 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3287 #: apt.conf.5.xml:61
3289 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
3290 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
3293 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3294 #: apt.conf.5.xml:65
3298 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3299 #: apt.conf.5.xml:66
3301 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
3302 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
3303 "notation, for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
3304 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
3305 "their parent groups."
3308 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3309 #: apt.conf.5.xml:72
3311 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
3312 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
3313 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
3314 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
3315 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The trailing "
3316 "semicolon and the quotes are required. The value must be on one line, and "
3317 "there is no kind of string concatenation. It must not include inside "
3318 "quotes. The behavior of the backslash \"\\\" and escaped characters inside "
3319 "a value is undefined and it should not be used. An option name may include "
3320 "alphanumerical characters and the \"/-:._+\" characters. A new scope can be "
3321 "opened with curly braces, like:"
3324 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3325 #: apt.conf.5.xml:86
3330 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
3331 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
3336 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3337 #: apt.conf.5.xml:94
3339 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
3340 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
3341 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, each separated by a semicolon."
3344 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3345 #: apt.conf.5.xml:99
3347 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
3350 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3351 #: apt.conf.5.xml:102
3353 "In general the sample configuration file in <filename>&docdir;examples/apt."
3354 "conf</filename> &configureindex; is a good guide for how it should look."
3357 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3358 #: apt.conf.5.xml:106
3360 "The names of the configuration items are not case-sensitive. So in the "
3361 "previous example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
3364 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3365 #: apt.conf.5.xml:109
3367 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as it "
3368 "can be see in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. "
3369 "If you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
3370 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option as every other "
3371 "option by reassigning a new value to the option."
3374 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3375 #: apt.conf.5.xml:114
3377 "Two specials are allowed, <literal>#include</literal> (which is deprecated "
3378 "and not supported by alternative implementations) and <literal>#clear</"
3379 "literal>: <literal>#include</literal> will include the given file, unless "
3380 "the filename ends in a slash, then the whole directory is included. "
3381 "<literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of the configuration tree. "
3382 "The specified element and all its descendants are erased. (Note that these "
3383 "lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
3386 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3387 #: apt.conf.5.xml:122
3389 "The #clear command is the only way to delete a list or a complete scope. "
3390 "Reopening a scope or the ::-style described below will <emphasis>not</"
3391 "emphasis> override previously written entries. Only options can be "
3392 "overridden by addressing a new value to it - lists and scopes can't be "
3393 "overridden, only cleared."
3396 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3397 #: apt.conf.5.xml:127
3399 "All of the APT tools take a -o option which allows an arbitrary "
3400 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
3401 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
3402 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
3403 "element to a list, add a trailing :: to the name of the list. (As you might "
3404 "suspect: The scope syntax can't be used on the command line.)"
3407 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3408 #: apt.conf.5.xml:134
3410 "Note that you can use :: only for appending one item per line to a list and "
3411 "that you should not use it in combination with the scope syntax. (The scope "
3412 "syntax implicit insert ::) Using both syntaxes together will trigger a bug "
3413 "which some users unfortunately depend on: An option with the unusual name "
3414 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts like every other option with a name. "
3415 "These introduces many problems including that a user who writes multiple "
3416 "lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> syntax in the hope to append to a "
3417 "list will gain the opposite as only the last assignment for this option "
3418 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. Upcoming APT versions will raise "
3419 "errors and will stop working if they encounter this misuse, so please "
3420 "correct such statements now as long as APT doesn't complain explicit about "
3424 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3425 #: apt.conf.5.xml:146
3426 msgid "The APT Group"
3429 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3430 #: apt.conf.5.xml:147
3432 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
3433 "options for all of the tools."
3436 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3437 #: apt.conf.5.xml:152
3439 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
3440 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
3444 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3445 #: apt.conf.5.xml:158
3447 "All Architectures the system supports. Processors implementing the "
3448 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) instruction "
3449 "set are e.g. also able to execute binaries compiled for the <literal>i386</"
3450 "literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set; This list is use when "
3451 "fetching files and parsing package lists. The internal default is always the "
3452 "native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</literal>) and all foreign "
3453 "architectures it can retrieve by calling <command>dpkg --print-foreign-"
3454 "architectures</command>."
3457 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3458 #: apt.conf.5.xml:168
3460 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version available. "
3461 "Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: 'stable', "
3462 "'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', '4.0', "
3463 "'5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
3466 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3467 #: apt.conf.5.xml:174
3469 "Ignore Held packages; This global option causes the problem resolver to "
3470 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
3473 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3474 #: apt.conf.5.xml:179
3476 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
3477 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
3478 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
3479 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
3482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3483 #: apt.conf.5.xml:186
3485 "Defaults to on which will cause APT to install essential and important "
3486 "packages as fast as possible in the install/upgrade operation. This is done "
3487 "to limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call: If this option is disabled APT "
3488 "does treat an important package in the same way as an extra package: Between "
3489 "the unpacking of the important package A and his configuration can then be "
3490 "many other unpack or configuration calls, e.g. for package B which has no "
3491 "relation to A, but causes the dpkg call to fail (e.g. because maintainer "
3492 "script of package B generates an error) which results in a system state in "
3493 "which package A is unpacked but unconfigured - each package depending on A "
3494 "is now no longer guaranteed to work as their dependency on A is not longer "
3495 "satisfied. The immediate configuration marker is also applied to all "
3496 "dependencies which can generate a problem if the dependencies e.g. form a "
3497 "circle as a dependency with the immediate flag is comparable with a Pre-"
3498 "Dependency. So in theory it is possible that APT encounters a situation in "
3499 "which it is unable to perform immediate configuration, errors out and refers "
3500 "to this option so the user can deactivate the immediate configuration "
3501 "temporarily to be able to perform an install/upgrade again. Note the use of "
3502 "the word \"theory\" here as this problem was only encountered by now in real "
3503 "world a few times in non-stable distribution versions and was caused by "
3504 "wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an already "
3505 "broken state, so you should not blindly disable this option as the mentioned "
3506 "scenario above is not the only problem immediate configuration can help to "
3507 "prevent in the first place. Before a big operation like <literal>dist-"
3508 "upgrade</literal> is run with this option disabled it should be tried to "
3509 "explicitly <literal>install</literal> the package APT is unable to configure "
3510 "immediately, but please make sure to report your problem also to your "
3511 "distribution and to the APT team with the buglink below so they can work on "
3512 "improving or correcting the upgrade process."
3515 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3516 #: apt.conf.5.xml:209
3518 "Never Enable this option unless you -really- know what you are doing. It "
3519 "permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to break a Conflicts/"
3520 "Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depend loop between two essential packages. SUCH "
3521 "A LOOP SHOULD NEVER EXIST AND IS A GRAVE BUG. This option will work if the "
3522 "essential packages are not tar, gzip, libc, dpkg, bash or anything that "
3523 "those packages depend on."
3526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3527 #: apt.conf.5.xml:218
3529 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
3530 "the 'available' information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint "
3531 "to which size the Cache will grow and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
3532 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
3533 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT otherwise it will "
3534 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
3535 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
3536 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
3537 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the Cache size will be increased in the event "
3538 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. These "
3539 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
3540 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
3541 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
3542 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
3543 "automatic grow of the cache is disabled."
3546 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3547 #: apt.conf.5.xml:234
3548 msgid "Defines which package(s) are considered essential build dependencies."
3551 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3552 #: apt.conf.5.xml:238
3554 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool, please see its documentation "
3555 "for more information about the options here."
3558 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3559 #: apt.conf.5.xml:243
3561 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool, please see its "
3562 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3565 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3566 #: apt.conf.5.xml:248
3568 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool, please see its "
3569 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3572 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3573 #: apt.conf.5.xml:254
3574 msgid "The Acquire Group"
3577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3578 #: apt.conf.5.xml:260
3580 "Security related option defaulting to true as an expiring validation for a "
3581 "Release file prevents longtime replay attacks and can e.g. also help users "
3582 "to identify no longer updated mirrors - but the feature depends on the "
3583 "correctness of the time on the user system. Archive maintainers are "
3584 "encouraged to create Release files with the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> "
3585 "header, but if they don't or a stricter value is volitional the following "
3586 "<literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option can be used."
3589 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3590 #: apt.conf.5.xml:271
3592 "Seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was created "
3593 "(indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). If the Release file "
3594 "itself includes a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of "
3595 "the two is used as the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</"
3596 "literal> which stands for \"for ever valid\". Archive specific settings can "
3597 "be made by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3600 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3601 #: apt.conf.5.xml:282
3603 "Minimum of seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was "
3604 "created (indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). Use this if you "
3605 "need to use a seldomly updated (local) mirror of a more regular updated "
3606 "archive with a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header instead of completely "
3607 "disabling the expiration date checking. Archive specific settings can and "
3608 "should be used by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3611 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3612 #: apt.conf.5.xml:293
3614 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for Packages or "
3615 "Sources files instead of downloading whole ones. True by default."
3618 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3619 #: apt.conf.5.xml:296
3621 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: With "
3622 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be specified how many PDiff files are "
3623 "downloaded at most to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</literal> on the "
3624 "other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all patches compared to "
3625 "the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is exceeded the "
3626 "complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
3629 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3630 #: apt.conf.5.xml:306
3632 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
3633 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
3634 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
3635 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
3636 "connection per URI type will be opened."
3639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3640 #: apt.conf.5.xml:314
3642 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
3643 "files the given number of times."
3646 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3647 #: apt.conf.5.xml:319
3649 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
3650 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
3653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3654 #: apt.conf.5.xml:324
3656 "HTTP URIs; http::Proxy is the default http proxy to use. It is in the "
3657 "standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per "
3658 "host proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>http::Proxy::"
3659 "<host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3660 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3661 "<envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used."
3664 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3665 #: apt.conf.5.xml:332
3667 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
3668 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy to not use its cached "
3669 "response under any circumstances, <literal>Max-Age</literal> is sent only "
3670 "for index files and tells the cache to refresh its object if it is older "
3671 "than the given number of seconds. Debian updates its index files daily so "
3672 "the default is 1 day. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the cache "
3673 "should never store this request, it is only set for archive files. This may "
3674 "be useful to prevent polluting a proxy cache with very large .deb files. "
3675 "Note: Squid 2.0.2 does not support any of these options."
3678 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3679 #: apt.conf.5.xml:342 apt.conf.5.xml:408
3681 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
3682 "method, this applies to all things including connection timeout and data "
3686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3687 #: apt.conf.5.xml:345
3689 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
3690 "enabled HTTP pipeling (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
3691 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are send in a "
3692 "pipeline. Previous APT versions had a default of 10 for this setting, but "
3693 "the default value is now 0 (= disabled) to avoid problems with the ever-"
3694 "growing amount of webservers and proxies which choose to not conform to the "
3695 "HTTP/1.1 specification."
3698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3699 #: apt.conf.5.xml:352
3701 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls if APT will follow "
3702 "redirects, which is enabled by default."
3705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3706 #: apt.conf.5.xml:355
3708 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
3709 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobyte. The default value is 0 "
3710 "which deactivates the limit and tries uses as much as possible of the "
3711 "bandwidth (Note that this option implicit deactivates the download from "
3712 "multiple servers at the same time.)"
3715 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3716 #: apt.conf.5.xml:360
3718 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
3719 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
3720 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
3723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3724 #: apt.conf.5.xml:367
3726 "HTTPS URIs. Cache-control, Timeout, AllowRedirect, Dl-Limit and proxy "
3727 "options are the same as for <literal>http</literal> method and will also "
3728 "default to the options from the <literal>http</literal> method if they are "
3729 "not explicitly set for https. <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is "
3730 "not supported yet."
3733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3734 #: apt.conf.5.xml:373
3736 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
3737 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is "
3738 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
3739 "suboption determines whether verify server's host certificate against "
3740 "trusted certificates or not. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</literal> "
3741 "is corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</literal> boolean "
3742 "suboption determines whether verify server's hostname or not. <literal><"
3743 "host>::Verify-Host</literal> is corresponding per-host option. "
3744 "<literal>SslCert</literal> determines what certificate to use for client "
3745 "authentication. <literal><host>::SslCert</literal> is corresponding "
3746 "per-host option. <literal>SslKey</literal> determines what private key to "
3747 "use for client authentication. <literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is "
3748 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides "
3749 "default SSL version to use. Can contain 'TLSv1' or 'SSLv3' string. "
3750 "<literal><host>::SslForceVersion</literal> is corresponding per-host "
3754 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3755 #: apt.conf.5.xml:392
3757 "FTP URIs; ftp::Proxy is the default ftp proxy to use. It is in the standard "
3758 "form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per host "
3759 "proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>ftp::Proxy::<"
3760 "host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3761 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3762 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used. To use a ftp "
3763 "proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</literal> script in "
3764 "the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands to send to tell "
3765 "the proxy server what to connect to. Please see &configureindex; for an "
3766 "example of how to do this. The substitution variables available are <literal>"
3767 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal> <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal> <literal>"
3768 "$(SITE_USER)</literal> <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal> <literal>$(SITE)</"
3769 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal> Each is taken from it's "
3770 "respective URI component."
3773 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3774 #: apt.conf.5.xml:411
3776 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
3777 "to leave passive mode on, it works in nearly every environment. However "
3778 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode ftp used "
3779 "instead. This can be done globally, for connections that go through a proxy "
3780 "or for a specific host (See the sample config file for examples)."
3783 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3784 #: apt.conf.5.xml:418
3786 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
3787 "envar> environment variable to a http url - see the discussion of the http "
3788 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
3789 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
3792 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3793 #: apt.conf.5.xml:423
3795 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
3796 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
3797 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
3798 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
3799 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
3802 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3803 #: apt.conf.5.xml:436
3805 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
3808 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3809 #: apt.conf.5.xml:431
3811 "CDROM URIs; the only setting for CDROM URIs is the mount point, "
3812 "<literal>cdrom::Mount</literal> which must be the mount point for the CDROM "
3813 "drive as specified in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to "
3814 "provide alternate mount and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be "
3815 "listed in the fstab (such as an SMB mount and old mount packages). The "
3816 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
3817 "cdrom block. It is important to have the trailing slash. Unmount commands "
3818 "can be specified using UMount."
3821 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3822 #: apt.conf.5.xml:442
3824 "GPGV URIs; the only option for GPGV URIs is the option to pass additional "
3825 "parameters to gpgv. <literal>gpgv::Options</literal> Additional options "
3829 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3830 #: apt.conf.5.xml:453
3832 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
3835 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3836 #: apt.conf.5.xml:448
3838 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
3839 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
3840 "compression formats. Per default the acquire methods can decompress "
3841 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
3842 "command> compressed files, with this setting more formats can be added on "
3843 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
3844 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
3847 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3848 #: apt.conf.5.xml:458
3850 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
3853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3854 #: apt.conf.5.xml:461
3856 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
3859 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3860 #: apt.conf.5.xml:454
3862 "Also the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
3863 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
3864 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
3865 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simple add the "
3866 "preferred type at first - not already added default types will be added at "
3867 "run time to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
3868 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
3869 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
3870 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
3871 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this "
3872 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
3873 "<literal>bz2</literal> explicit to the list as it will be added automatic."
3876 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3877 #: apt.conf.5.xml:465
3879 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
3882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3883 #: apt.conf.5.xml:463
3885 "Note that at run time the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</"
3886 "replaceable></literal> will be checked: If this setting exists the method "
3887 "will only be used if this file exists, e.g. for the bzip2 method (the "
3888 "inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> Note "
3889 "also that list entries specified on the command line will be added at the "
3890 "end of the list specified in the configuration files, but before the default "
3891 "entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones specified in the "
3892 "configuration files you can set the option direct - not in list style. This "
3893 "will not override the defined list, it will only prefix the list with this "
3897 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3898 #: apt.conf.5.xml:470
3900 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
3901 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
3902 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
3905 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3906 #: apt.conf.5.xml:477
3908 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
3909 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
3910 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
3911 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
3914 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3915 #: apt.conf.5.xml:485
3917 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
3918 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the Description-"
3919 "Translations. APT will try to display the first available Description in the "
3920 "Language which is listed at first. Languages can be defined with their short "
3921 "or long Languagecodes. Note that not all archives provide "
3922 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every Language - especially the "
3923 "long Languagecodes are rare, so please inform you which ones are available "
3924 "before you set here impossible values."
3927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3928 #: apt.conf.5.xml:501
3930 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3933 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3934 #: apt.conf.5.xml:491
3936 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3937 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: It will be "
3938 "replaced at runtime with the languagecodes extracted from the "
3939 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3940 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3941 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3942 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3943 "force apt to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3944 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3945 "meaning code which will stop the search for a fitting <filename>Translation</"
3946 "filename> file. This can be used by the system administrator to let APT "
3947 "know that it should download also this files without actually use them if "
3948 "the environment doesn't specify this languages. So the following example "
3949 "configuration will result in the order \"en, de\" in an english and in \"de, "
3950 "en\" in a german localization. Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used "
3951 "if APT is not used in a french localization, in such an environment the "
3952 "order would be \"fr, de, en\". <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id="
3956 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3957 #: apt.conf.5.xml:502
3959 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3960 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3961 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3962 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3965 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3966 #: apt.conf.5.xml:255
3968 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
3969 "packages and the URI handlers. <placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id=\"0\"/>"
3972 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3973 #: apt.conf.5.xml:513
3977 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3978 #: apt.conf.5.xml:515
3980 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3981 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3982 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3983 "dpkg status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3984 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3985 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub items if they do not "
3986 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3989 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3990 #: apt.conf.5.xml:522
3992 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3993 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3994 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3995 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3996 "be turned off by setting their names to be blank. This will slow down "
3997 "startup but save disk space. It is probably preferred to turn off the "
3998 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> the "
3999 "default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
4002 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4003 #: apt.conf.5.xml:531
4005 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
4006 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
4007 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
4008 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
4009 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
4012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4013 #: apt.conf.5.xml:537
4015 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
4016 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
4017 "main config file is loaded."
4020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4021 #: apt.conf.5.xml:541
4023 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
4024 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
4025 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
4026 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
4027 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
4028 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
4031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4032 #: apt.conf.5.xml:549
4034 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
4035 "set, all paths in <literal>Dir::</literal> will be relative to "
4036 "<literal>RootDir</literal>, <emphasis>even paths that are specified "
4037 "absolutely</emphasis>. So, for instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is "
4038 "set to <filename>/tmp/staging</filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</"
4039 "literal> is set to <filename>/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the "
4040 "status file will be looked up in <filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
4044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4045 #: apt.conf.5.xml:562
4047 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
4048 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
4049 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
4050 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
4051 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
4052 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
4055 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4056 #: apt.conf.5.xml:571
4058 msgid "APT in DSelect"
4061 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4062 #: apt.conf.5.xml:573
4064 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
4065 "control the default behaviour. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
4069 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4070 #: apt.conf.5.xml:578
4072 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of always, prompt, auto, pre-auto "
4073 "and never. always and prompt will remove all packages from the cache after "
4074 "upgrading, prompt (the default) does so conditionally. auto removes only "
4075 "those packages which are no longer downloadable (replaced with a new version "
4076 "for instance). pre-auto performs this action before downloading new "
4080 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4081 #: apt.conf.5.xml:587
4083 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
4084 "when it is run for the install phase."
4087 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4088 #: apt.conf.5.xml:592
4090 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
4091 "when it is run for the update phase."
4094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4095 #: apt.conf.5.xml:597
4097 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
4098 "The default is to prompt only on error."
4101 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4102 #: apt.conf.5.xml:603
4103 msgid "How APT calls dpkg"
4106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4107 #: apt.conf.5.xml:604
4109 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
4110 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
4113 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4114 #: apt.conf.5.xml:609
4116 "This is a list of options to pass to dpkg. The options must be specified "
4117 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
4121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4122 #: apt.conf.5.xml:615
4124 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
4125 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4126 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4127 "fail APT will abort."
4130 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4131 #: apt.conf.5.xml:622
4133 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking dpkg. Like "
4134 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4135 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4136 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass to the commands on standard input the "
4137 "filenames of all .deb files it is going to install, one per line."
4140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4141 #: apt.conf.5.xml:628
4143 "Version 2 of this protocol dumps more information, including the protocol "
4144 "version, the APT configuration space and the packages, files and versions "
4145 "being changed. Version 2 is enabled by setting <literal>DPkg::Tools::"
4146 "options::cmd::Version</literal> to 2. <literal>cmd</literal> is a command "
4147 "given to <literal>Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal>."
4150 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4151 #: apt.conf.5.xml:636
4153 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking dpkg, the default is <filename>/"
4157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4158 #: apt.conf.5.xml:641
4160 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages, the "
4161 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
4164 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4165 #: apt.conf.5.xml:646
4166 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
4169 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4170 #: apt.conf.5.xml:647
4172 "APT can call dpkg in a way so it can make aggressive use of triggers over "
4173 "multiple calls of dpkg. Without further options dpkg will use triggers only "
4174 "in between his own run. Activating these options can therefore decrease the "
4175 "time needed to perform the install / upgrade. Note that it is intended to "
4176 "activate these options per default in the future, but as it changes the way "
4177 "APT calling dpkg drastically it needs a lot more testing. <emphasis>These "
4178 "options are therefore currently experimental and should not be used in "
4179 "productive environments.</emphasis> Also it breaks the progress reporting so "
4180 "all frontends will currently stay around half (or more) of the time in the "
4181 "100% state while it actually configures all packages."
4184 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
4185 #: apt.conf.5.xml:662
4188 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
4189 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
4190 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
4191 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
4194 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4195 #: apt.conf.5.xml:656
4197 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
4198 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
4199 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
4200 "enough to help testing them create a new configuration file and test a "
4201 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
4202 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
4203 "reports. Asking dpkg for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
4204 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
4205 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4208 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4209 #: apt.conf.5.xml:669
4211 "Add the no triggers flag to all dpkg calls (except the ConfigurePending "
4212 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
4213 "short: dpkg will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it is "
4214 "explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option exists "
4215 "(undocumented) also in older apt versions with a slightly different meaning: "
4216 "Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure calls to "
4217 "dpkg - now apt will add these flag also to the unpack and remove calls."
4220 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4221 #: apt.conf.5.xml:677
4223 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
4224 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". \"<literal>all</literal>\" is the default "
4225 "value and causes APT to configure all packages explicit. The "
4226 "\"<literal>smart</literal>\" way is it to configure only packages which need "
4227 "to be configured before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends) and "
4228 "let the rest configure by dpkg with a call generated by the next option. "
4229 "\"<literal>no</literal>\" on the other hand will not configure anything and "
4230 "totally rely on dpkg for configuration (which will at the moment fail if a "
4231 "Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to another than the all "
4232 "value will implicitly activate also the next option per default as otherwise "
4233 "the system could end in an unconfigured status which could be unbootable!"
4236 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4237 #: apt.conf.5.xml:688
4239 "If this option is set apt will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
4240 "command> to let dpkg handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
4241 "option is activated automatic per default if the previous option is not set "
4242 "to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating could be useful if you want to "
4243 "run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these sceneries "
4244 "you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
4247 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4248 #: apt.conf.5.xml:695
4250 "Useful for <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
4251 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal> and dpkg "
4252 "treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a dealbreaker "
4253 "for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will process all "
4254 "triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
4257 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4258 #: apt.conf.5.xml:701
4260 "As the configuration can be deferred to be done at the end by dpkg it can be "
4261 "tried to order the unpack series only by critical needs, e.g. by Pre-"
4262 "Depends. Default is true and therefore the \"old\" method of ordering in "
4263 "various steps by everything. While both method were present in earlier APT "
4264 "versions the <literal>OrderCritical</literal> method was unused, so this "
4265 "method is very experimental and needs further improvements before becoming "
4269 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
4270 #: apt.conf.5.xml:716
4273 "OrderList::Score {\n"
4275 "\tEssential 200;\n"
4277 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
4281 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4282 #: apt.conf.5.xml:709
4284 "Essential packages (and there dependencies) should be configured immediately "
4285 "after unpacking. It will be a good idea to do this quite early in the "
4286 "upgrade process as these these configure calls require currently also "
4287 "<literal>DPkg::TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers "
4288 "(which maybe not needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the "
4289 "immediate flag is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is "
4290 "higher rated). These option and the others in the same group can be used to "
4291 "change the scoring. The following example shows the settings with there "
4292 "default values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4295 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4296 #: apt.conf.5.xml:729
4297 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
4300 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4301 #: apt.conf.5.xml:730
4303 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
4304 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by "
4305 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See header of this script for "
4306 "the brief documentation of these options."
4309 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4310 #: apt.conf.5.xml:738
4311 msgid "Debug options"
4314 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4315 #: apt.conf.5.xml:740
4317 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
4318 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
4319 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
4320 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
4321 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
4325 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4326 #: apt.conf.5.xml:751
4328 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
4329 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
4333 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4334 #: apt.conf.5.xml:759
4336 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
4337 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
4338 "literal>) as a non-root user."
4341 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4342 #: apt.conf.5.xml:768
4344 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
4345 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
4349 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
4351 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4352 #: apt.conf.5.xml:776
4354 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
4358 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4359 #: apt.conf.5.xml:786
4360 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
4363 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4364 #: apt.conf.5.xml:795
4366 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
4369 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4370 #: apt.conf.5.xml:806
4371 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
4374 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4375 #: apt.conf.5.xml:817
4376 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
4379 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4380 #: apt.conf.5.xml:828
4381 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
4384 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4385 #: apt.conf.5.xml:839
4387 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
4388 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
4391 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4392 #: apt.conf.5.xml:850
4394 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
4395 "stored on CD-ROMs."
4398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4399 #: apt.conf.5.xml:860
4400 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
4403 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4404 #: apt.conf.5.xml:870
4406 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
4407 "literal> libraries."
4410 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4411 #: apt.conf.5.xml:880
4413 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
4414 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
4418 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4419 #: apt.conf.5.xml:891
4421 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
4422 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
4425 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4426 #: apt.conf.5.xml:903
4427 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
4430 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4431 #: apt.conf.5.xml:913
4433 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
4434 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
4437 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4438 #: apt.conf.5.xml:923
4440 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
4441 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
4444 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4445 #: apt.conf.5.xml:935
4447 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
4448 "index diffs instead of full indices."
4451 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4452 #: apt.conf.5.xml:946
4454 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
4457 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4458 #: apt.conf.5.xml:957
4460 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
4461 "the removal of unused packages."
4464 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4465 #: apt.conf.5.xml:967
4467 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
4468 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
4469 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
4470 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
4471 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
4474 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4475 #: apt.conf.5.xml:981
4477 "Generate debug messages describing which package is marked as keep/install/"
4478 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
4479 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional space "
4480 "under the original entry. The format for each line is <literal>MarkKeep</"
4481 "literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or <literal>MarkInstall</literal> "
4482 "followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)"
4483 "</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is the current version of the "
4484 "package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version considered for installation "
4485 "and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, but not considered for "
4486 "installation (because of a low pin score). The later two can be omitted if "
4487 "there is none or if it is the same version as the installed. "
4488 "<literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package appears in."
4491 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4492 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1003
4493 msgid "Dump the default configuration to standard error on startup."
4496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4497 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1013
4499 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
4500 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
4503 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4504 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1024
4506 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
4507 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
4510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4511 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1035
4513 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
4514 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
4517 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4518 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1047
4520 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
4523 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4524 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1058
4525 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
4528 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4529 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1068
4531 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
4532 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
4535 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4536 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1079
4538 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
4539 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
4540 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
4543 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4544 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1091
4546 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
4550 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4551 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1114
4553 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
4557 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
4558 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1121
4559 msgid "&file-aptconf;"
4562 #. ? reading apt.conf
4563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4564 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1126
4565 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
4568 #. The last update date
4569 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo>
4570 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:16
4572 "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product; <date>16 February 2010</date>"
4575 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
4576 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:32
4577 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
4580 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4581 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:37
4583 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
4584 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
4585 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
4589 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4590 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:42
4592 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
4593 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
4594 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
4595 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
4596 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
4597 "priority for installation. The APT preferences file overrides the "
4598 "priorities that APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the "
4599 "user control over which one is selected for installation."
4602 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4603 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:52
4605 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
4606 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
4607 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
4608 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences file does not affect the "
4609 "choice of instance, only the choice of version."
4612 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4613 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:59
4615 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
4616 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
4617 "not questioning the preferences so wrong settings will therefore lead to "
4618 "uninstallable packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even "
4619 "more problems will arise if multiply distribution releases are mixed without "
4620 "a good understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a "
4621 "specific release aren't tested in and therefore doesn't always work as "
4622 "expected in older or newer releases or together with other packages from "
4623 "different releases. You have been warned."
4626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4627 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:70
4629 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
4630 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
4631 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
4632 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
4633 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
4634 "that it has ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the "
4635 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this "
4636 "case it will be silently ignored."
4639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4640 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:79
4641 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
4644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4645 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:94
4647 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
4650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4651 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:97
4653 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4656 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4657 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:81
4659 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
4660 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
4661 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
4662 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
4663 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
4664 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
4665 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
4666 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
4667 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
4668 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
4669 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
4672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4673 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:106
4677 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4678 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:107
4680 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
4681 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
4682 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4683 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
4686 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4687 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:113
4688 msgid "priority 100"
4691 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4692 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:114
4694 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
4695 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
4696 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4697 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
4700 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4701 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:121
4702 msgid "priority 500"
4705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4706 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:122
4708 "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
4712 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4713 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:126
4714 msgid "priority 990"
4717 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4718 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:127
4720 "to the versions that are not installed and belong to the target release."
4723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4724 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:101
4726 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
4727 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign: "
4728 "<placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id=\"0\"/>"
4731 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4732 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:132
4734 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
4735 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
4736 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
4737 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
4738 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
4739 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
4742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4743 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:139
4745 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
4746 "determine which version of a package to install."
4749 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4750 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:142
4752 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
4753 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
4754 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
4755 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
4756 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
4759 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4760 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:148
4761 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
4764 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4765 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:149
4767 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
4768 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
4771 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4772 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:152
4774 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
4775 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
4776 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
4779 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4780 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:158
4782 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
4783 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
4784 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
4785 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4786 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4790 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:165
4792 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
4793 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
4794 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4795 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4798 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4799 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:170
4801 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
4802 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
4803 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
4804 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
4805 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
4806 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
4807 "than the installed version."
4810 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4811 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:179
4812 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
4815 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4816 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:181
4818 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
4819 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
4820 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
4821 "specific form and a general form."
4824 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4825 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:187
4827 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4828 "specified packages and specified version or version range. For example, the "
4829 "following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4830 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4831 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by spaces."
4834 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4835 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:194
4839 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4840 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4844 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:200
4846 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4847 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4848 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4849 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4850 "fully qualified domain name."
4853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4854 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:206
4856 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4857 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4858 "all package versions available from the local site."
4861 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4862 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:211
4866 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4867 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4870 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4871 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:216
4873 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4874 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4875 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4876 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4879 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4880 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:220
4884 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4885 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4888 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4889 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:224
4891 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4892 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4893 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4894 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4898 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4899 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:229
4901 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4902 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4906 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4907 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:233
4911 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4912 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4916 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:238
4918 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4919 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4923 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4924 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:242
4928 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4929 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4933 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:247
4935 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4936 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4937 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>3.0</literal>\"."
4940 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4941 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:252
4945 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
4946 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4950 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:262
4951 msgid "Regular expressions and glob() syntax"
4954 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4955 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:264
4957 "APT also supports pinning by glob() expressions and regular expressions "
4958 "surrounded by /. For example, the following example assigns the priority 500 "
4959 "to all packages from experimental where the name starts with gnome (as a glob"
4960 "()-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX extended regular "
4961 "expression surrounded by slashes)."
4964 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4965 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:273
4968 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
4969 "Pin: release n=experimental\n"
4970 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
4973 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4974 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:279
4976 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
4977 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
4978 "packages from a release starting with karmic."
4981 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
4982 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:285
4986 "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
4987 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
4990 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4991 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:291
4993 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
4994 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
4995 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
4996 "the future, thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
4997 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
4998 "Package field is not considered a glob() expression in itself."
5001 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5002 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:307
5003 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
5006 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5007 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:315
5011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5012 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:316
5014 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
5018 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5019 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:320
5020 msgid "990 < P <=1000"
5023 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5024 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:321
5026 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
5027 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
5030 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5031 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:326
5032 msgid "500 < P <=990"
5035 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5036 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:327
5038 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5039 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
5042 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5043 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:332
5044 msgid "100 < P <=500"
5047 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5048 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:333
5050 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5051 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
5054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5055 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:338
5056 msgid "0 < P <=100"
5059 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5060 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:339
5062 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
5066 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5067 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:343
5071 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5072 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:344
5073 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
5076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5077 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:310
5079 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
5080 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking): "
5081 "<placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id=\"0\"/>"
5084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5085 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:349
5087 "If any specific-form records match an available package version then the "
5088 "first such record determines the priority of the package version. Failing "
5089 "that, if any general-form records match an available package version then "
5090 "the first such record determines the priority of the package version."
5093 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5094 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:355
5096 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
5097 "presented earlier:"
5100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5101 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:359
5105 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5106 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5109 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5110 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5113 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5114 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5117 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5118 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:372
5122 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5123 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:374
5125 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
5126 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
5127 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> 5.8* version of "
5128 "<literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version is 5.9*, then "
5129 "<literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
5132 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5133 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:379
5135 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
5136 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
5137 "versions belonging to the target release."
5140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5141 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:383
5143 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
5144 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
5145 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
5146 "and no version of the package is already installed."
5149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5150 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:393
5151 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
5154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5155 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:395
5157 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
5158 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
5159 "describe the packages available at that location."
5162 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5163 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:407
5164 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
5167 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5168 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:408
5169 msgid "gives the package name"
5172 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5173 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:411 apt_preferences.5.xml:461
5174 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
5177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5178 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:412
5179 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
5182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5183 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:399
5185 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5186 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
5187 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
5188 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
5189 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
5190 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
5191 "relevant for setting APT priorities: <placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id="
5195 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5196 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:428
5197 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
5200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5201 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:429
5203 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5204 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
5205 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5206 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
5207 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
5211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5212 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:439
5214 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5217 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5218 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:445
5219 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
5222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5223 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:446
5225 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5226 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
5227 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5228 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
5229 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
5230 "preferences file would require the line:"
5233 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5234 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:455
5236 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5239 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5240 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:462
5242 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
5243 "belong to Debian GNU/Linux release version 3.0. Note that there is normally "
5244 "no version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</"
5245 "literal> distributions because they have not been released yet. Specifying "
5246 "this in the APT preferences file would require one of the following lines."
5249 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5250 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:471
5253 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5254 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5255 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5258 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5259 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:480
5260 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
5263 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5264 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:481
5266 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
5267 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
5268 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
5269 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
5270 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
5271 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
5274 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5275 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:490
5277 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
5280 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5281 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:496
5282 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
5285 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5286 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:497
5288 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5289 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5290 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
5294 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5295 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:503
5297 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5300 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5301 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:509
5302 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
5305 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5306 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:510
5308 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5309 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5310 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
5314 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5315 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:516
5317 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5320 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5321 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:417
5323 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5324 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
5325 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
5326 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
5327 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
5328 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
5329 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
5330 "relevant for setting APT priorities: <placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id="
5334 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5335 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:523
5337 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
5338 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
5339 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
5340 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
5341 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
5342 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
5343 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
5344 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
5345 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
5346 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
5349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5350 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:536
5351 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
5354 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5355 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:538
5357 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
5358 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
5359 "provides a place for comments."
5362 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5363 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:547
5364 msgid "Tracking Stable"
5367 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5368 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:555
5371 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
5372 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
5374 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5375 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5378 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5379 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5382 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5383 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:549
5385 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5386 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5387 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5388 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
5389 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5392 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5393 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:572 apt_preferences.5.xml:618
5394 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:676
5397 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
5399 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5402 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5403 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:567
5405 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5406 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5407 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5411 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5412 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:584
5414 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
5417 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5418 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:578
5420 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5421 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
5422 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
5423 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5426 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5427 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:590
5428 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
5431 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5432 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:599
5436 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5437 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5440 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5441 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5444 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5445 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5449 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:592
5451 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
5452 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
5453 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
5454 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
5455 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
5456 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5459 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5460 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:613
5462 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5463 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5464 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5468 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5469 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:633
5471 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5474 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5475 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:624
5477 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5478 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
5479 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
5480 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
5481 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
5482 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5483 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5486 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5487 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:640
5488 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
5491 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5492 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:654
5495 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
5496 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
5498 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5499 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5501 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
5503 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
5504 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5507 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5508 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5511 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5512 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:642
5514 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5515 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5516 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5517 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
5518 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
5519 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
5520 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
5521 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
5522 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5523 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5526 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5527 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:671
5529 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5530 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5531 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
5532 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5535 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5536 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:691
5538 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5541 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5542 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:682
5544 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5545 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5546 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5547 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
5548 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
5549 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5550 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5553 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist>
5554 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:700
5555 msgid "&file-preferences;"
5558 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5559 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:706
5560 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5563 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5564 #: sources.list.5.xml:33
5565 msgid "Package resource list for APT"
5568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5569 #: sources.list.5.xml:37
5571 "The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package "
5572 "distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page "
5573 "documents only the packaging system used by the Debian GNU/Linux system. "
5574 "This control file is <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>."
5577 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5578 #: sources.list.5.xml:42
5580 "The source list is designed to support any number of active sources and a "
5581 "variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the most "
5582 "preferred source listed first. The format of each line is: <literal>type uri "
5583 "args</literal> The first item, <literal>type</literal> determines the format "
5584 "for <literal>args</literal>. <literal>uri</literal> is a Universal Resource "
5585 "Identifier (URI), which is a superset of the more specific and well-known "
5586 "Universal Resource Locator, or URL. The rest of the line can be marked as a "
5587 "comment by using a #."
5590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5591 #: sources.list.5.xml:53
5592 msgid "sources.list.d"
5595 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5596 #: sources.list.5.xml:54
5598 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5599 "add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for "
5600 "the regular <filename>sources.list</filename> file. File names need to end "
5601 "with <filename>.list</filename> and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), "
5602 "digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. "
5603 "Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file if the file "
5604 "doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> "
5605 "configuration list - in this case it will be silently ignored."
5608 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5609 #: sources.list.5.xml:65
5610 msgid "The deb and deb-src types"
5613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5614 #: sources.list.5.xml:66
5616 "The <literal>deb</literal> type describes a typical two-level Debian "
5617 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. Typically, "
5618 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally an archivename like "
5619 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5620 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5621 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal> <literal>contrib</"
5622 "literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-src</literal> type "
5623 "describes a debian distribution's source code in the same form as the "
5624 "<literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> line is required "
5625 "to fetch source indexes."
5628 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5629 #: sources.list.5.xml:78
5631 "The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the "
5632 "<literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5635 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5636 #: sources.list.5.xml:81
5638 msgid "deb [ options ] uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]"
5641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5642 #: sources.list.5.xml:83
5644 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5645 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5646 "<literal>distribution</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5647 "components must be omitted and <literal>distribution</literal> must end with "
5648 "a slash (/). This is useful for when the case only a particular sub-section "
5649 "of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If <literal>distribution</"
5650 "literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one <literal>component</"
5651 "literal> must be present."
5654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5655 #: sources.list.5.xml:92
5657 "<literal>distribution</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)"
5658 "</literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (i386, m68k, "
5659 "powerpc, ...) used on the system. This permits architecture-independent "
5660 "<filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. In general this is only "
5661 "of interest when specifying an exact path, <literal>APT</literal> will "
5662 "automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise."
5665 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5666 #: sources.list.5.xml:100
5668 "Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary to "
5669 "have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available "
5670 "distributions or components at that location is desired. APT will sort the "
5671 "URI list after it has generated a complete set internally, and will collapse "
5672 "multiple references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single "
5673 "connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish an FTP connection, "
5674 "close it, do something else, and then re-establish a connection to that same "
5675 "host. This feature is useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the "
5676 "number of simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to "
5677 "different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth."
5680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5681 #: sources.list.5.xml:112
5683 "<literal>options</literal> is always optional and needs to be surounded by "
5684 "square brackets. It can consist of multiple settings in the form "
5685 "<literal><replaceable>setting</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
5686 "replaceable></literal>. Multiple settings are separated by spaces. The "
5687 "following settings are supported by APT, note though that unsupported "
5688 "settings will be ignored silently:"
5691 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5692 #: sources.list.5.xml:117
5694 "<literal>arch=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
5695 "replaceable>,…</literal> can be used to specify for which architectures "
5696 "packages information should be downloaded. If this option is not set all "
5697 "architectures defined by the <literal>APT::Architectures</literal> option "
5698 "will be downloaded."
5701 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
5702 #: sources.list.5.xml:121
5704 "<literal>trusted=yes</literal> can be set to indicate that packages from "
5705 "this source are always authenticated even if the <filename>Release</"
5706 "filename> file is not signed or the signature can't be checked. This "
5707 "disables parts of &apt-secure; and should therefore only be used in a local "
5708 "and trusted context. <literal>trusted=no</literal> is the opposite which "
5709 "handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated."
5712 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5713 #: sources.list.5.xml:128
5715 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
5716 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
5717 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
5718 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
5721 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5722 #: sources.list.5.xml:133
5723 msgid "Some examples:"
5726 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5727 #: sources.list.5.xml:135
5730 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main contrib non-free\n"
5731 "deb http://security.debian.org/ &stable-codename;/updates main contrib non-free\n"
5735 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5736 #: sources.list.5.xml:141
5737 msgid "URI specification"
5740 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5741 #: sources.list.5.xml:146
5745 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5746 #: sources.list.5.xml:148
5748 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
5749 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
5753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5754 #: sources.list.5.xml:153
5758 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5759 #: sources.list.5.xml:155
5761 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CDROM drive with media swapping. "
5762 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
5765 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5766 #: sources.list.5.xml:160
5770 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5771 #: sources.list.5.xml:162
5773 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
5774 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
5775 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
5776 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
5777 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
5781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5782 #: sources.list.5.xml:171
5786 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5787 #: sources.list.5.xml:173
5789 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
5790 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
5791 "Please note that a ftp proxy can be specified by using the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
5792 "envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify a http proxy (http "
5793 "proxy servers often understand ftp urls) using this method and ONLY this "
5794 "method. ftp proxies using http specified in the configuration file will be "
5798 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5799 #: sources.list.5.xml:182
5803 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5804 #: sources.list.5.xml:184
5806 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
5807 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
5808 "This is useful for people using a zip disk to copy files around with APT."
5811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5812 #: sources.list.5.xml:189
5816 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5817 #: sources.list.5.xml:189
5821 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5822 #: sources.list.5.xml:191
5824 "The rsh/ssh method invokes rsh/ssh to connect to a remote host as a given "
5825 "user and access the files. It is a good idea to do prior arrangements with "
5826 "RSA keys or rhosts. Access to files on the remote uses standard "
5827 "<command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> commands to perform the "
5828 "file transfers from the remote."
5831 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5832 #: sources.list.5.xml:199
5833 msgid "more recognizable URI types"
5836 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
5837 #: sources.list.5.xml:201
5839 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages "
5840 "which should follow the nameing scheme <literal>apt-transport-"
5841 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></literal>. The APT team e.g. maintains "
5842 "also the <literal>apt-transport-https</literal> package which provides "
5843 "access methods for https-URIs with features similar to the http method, but "
5844 "other methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available, see "
5845 "<citerefentry> <refentrytitle><filename>apt-transport-debtorrent</filename></"
5846 "refentrytitle> <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5849 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5850 #: sources.list.5.xml:143
5852 "The currently recognized URI types are cdrom, file, http, ftp, copy, ssh, "
5853 "rsh. <placeholder type=\"variablelist\" id=\"0\"/>"
5856 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5857 #: sources.list.5.xml:215
5859 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for "
5860 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
5863 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5864 #: sources.list.5.xml:217
5866 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free"
5869 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5870 #: sources.list.5.xml:219
5871 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
5874 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5875 #: sources.list.5.xml:220
5877 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5880 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5881 #: sources.list.5.xml:222
5882 msgid "Source line for the above"
5885 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5886 #: sources.list.5.xml:223
5888 msgid "deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
5891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5892 #: sources.list.5.xml:225
5894 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
5895 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
5896 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
5899 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5900 #: sources.list.5.xml:227
5903 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
5904 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
5907 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5908 #: sources.list.5.xml:230
5910 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
5914 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5915 #: sources.list.5.xml:232
5917 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
5920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5921 #: sources.list.5.xml:234
5923 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5924 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
5927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5928 #: sources.list.5.xml:236
5930 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
5933 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5934 #: sources.list.5.xml:238
5936 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
5937 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
5938 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
5939 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
5942 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5943 #: sources.list.5.xml:242
5945 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
5948 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
5949 #: sources.list.5.xml:251
5951 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
5954 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5955 #: sources.list.5.xml:244
5957 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
5958 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
5959 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
5960 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
5961 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
5962 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
5966 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5967 #: sources.list.5.xml:256
5968 msgid "&apt-cache; &apt-conf;"
5971 #. type: <title></title>
5974 msgid "APT User's Guide"
5975 msgstr "Guida dell'utente di APT"
5977 #. type: <author></author>
5978 #: guide.sgml:6 offline.sgml:6
5980 msgid "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
5981 msgstr "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
5983 #. type: <version></version>
5986 msgid "$Id: guide.sgml,v 1.7 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
5987 msgstr "$Id: guide.it.sgml,v 1.5 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
5989 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
5993 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
5994 msgstr "Guida per l'uso del gestore di pacchetti APT."
5996 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
5999 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
6000 msgstr "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
6003 #: guide.sgml:21 offline.sgml:22
6006 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6007 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6008 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6009 "or (at your option) any later version."
6011 "\"APT\" e questo documento sono software libero, e li si può ridistribuire e/"
6012 "o modificare secondo i termini della Licenza Pubblica Generica GNU (GPL), "
6013 "pubblicata dalla Free Software Foundation, nella versione 2 o (se preferite) "
6014 "qualsiasi versione successiva."
6017 #: guide.sgml:24 offline.sgml:25
6020 "For more details, on Debian GNU/Linux systems, see the file /usr/share/"
6021 "common-licenses/GPL for the full license."
6023 "Per ulteriori dettagli sui sistemi GNU/Linux si veda il testo completo della "
6024 "licenza nel file /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL."
6026 #. type: <heading></heading>
6030 msgstr "Descrizione generale"
6036 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <prgn>dselect</"
6037 "prgn> method and the <prgn>apt-get</prgn> command line user interface. Both "
6038 "provide a way to install and remove packages as well as download new "
6039 "packages from the Internet."
6041 "Il pacchetto APT al momento contiene due sezioni, il metodo APT "
6042 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> e l'interfaccia utente a linea di comando <prgn>apt-"
6043 "get</prgn>; entrambi danno modo di installare e rimuovere pacchetti, e di "
6044 "scaricarne altri da Internet."
6046 #. type: <heading></heading>
6049 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6050 msgstr "Anatomia del sistema di pacchettizzazione"
6056 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6057 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6058 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6060 "Il sistema di pacchettizzazione di Debian contiene un gran numero di "
6061 "informazioni associate a ciascun pacchetto, per assicurarsi che si integri "
6062 "facilmente ed in maniera pulita nel sistema; la più importante di esse è il "
6063 "sistema di dipendenze."
6069 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6070 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6071 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6072 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6073 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6075 "Il sistema di dipendenze permette ai singoli programmi di fare uso degli "
6076 "elementi condivisi del sistema, quali le librerie; per ridurre il numero di "
6077 "elementi che l'utente medio debba installare, le porzioni di programmi che "
6078 "non vengono usate spesso vengono poste in pacchetti separati. Inoltre, è "
6079 "possibile avere più di una scelta per cose quali i programmi di posta "
6080 "elettronica, i server X e così via."
6086 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6087 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6088 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6091 "Il primo passo per capire il sistema di dipendenze è la comprensione del "
6092 "concetto di dipendenza semplice: un pacchetto richiede che un altro sia "
6093 "installato insieme ad esso per poter funzionare."
6099 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6100 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6101 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6102 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6104 "Ad esempio, mail-crypt è un'estensione di emacs che aiuta a criptare le mail "
6105 "con PGP. Se PGP non è installato, mail-crypt è inutile, quindi mail-crypt ha "
6106 "una dipendenza semplice da PGP. Inoltre, dato che si tratta di un'estensione "
6107 "di emacs, mail-crypt dipende anche da emacs, senza il quale è totalmente "
6114 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6115 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6116 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6117 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6118 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6119 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6120 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6121 "other mail transport agents."
6123 "L'altro tipo di dipendenza importante da capire è la dipendenza di "
6124 "conflitto; con questa, un pacchetto che venga installato insieme ad un altro "
6125 "pacchetto non funziona, e si hanno seri problemi al sistema. Come esempio, "
6126 "si consideri un programma di trasporto della posta, quale sendmail, exim o "
6127 "qmail: non è possibile averne due contemporaneamente, perché entrambi hanno "
6128 "bisogno di restare in ascolto sulla stessa porta di rete per ricevere la "
6129 "posta. Tentare di installarne due danneggerebbe seriamente il sistema, "
6130 "quindi ciascun programma di trasporto della posta ha una dipendenza di "
6131 "conflitto con tutti gli altri."
6137 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
6138 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
6139 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
6140 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
6141 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
6142 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
6143 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
6144 "trying to manually fix packages."
6146 "Come ulteriore complicazione, c'è la possibilità che un pacchetto voglia "
6147 "prendere il posto di un altro; ad esempio, exim e sendmail per molte cose "
6148 "sono identici, dato che entrambi gestiscono la posta e comprendono "
6149 "un'interfaccia comune, quindi il sistema di pacchettizzazione deve "
6150 "dichiarare che sono entrambi agenti di trasporto della posta, e che gli "
6151 "altri pacchetti a cui serve uno dei due devono dipendere da un pacchetto "
6152 "fittizio agente-di-trasporto-della-posta. Quando si modificano a mano i "
6153 "pacchetti, questo può portare a moltissima confusione."
6159 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
6160 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
6161 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
6162 "packages for installation."
6164 "In ciascun momento una singola dipendenza può essere soddisfatta o meno dai "
6165 "pacchetti già installati; APT cerca di risolvere i problemi di dipendenze "
6166 "con un buon numero di algoritmi automatici, che aiutano a selezionare i "
6167 "pacchetti da installare."
6169 #. type: <heading></heading>
6179 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> provides a simple way to install packages from the "
6180 "command line. Unlike <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> does not "
6181 "understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and can only "
6182 "install .deb archives from a <em>Source</em>."
6184 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> fornisce un modo semplice di installare i pacchetti "
6185 "dalla linea di comando. Diversamente da <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</"
6186 "prgn> non capisce i nomi dei file .deb, ma utilizza il vero nome dei "
6187 "pacchetti, e può installare archivi .deb solo da una fonte."
6193 "The first <footnote><p>If you are using an http proxy server you must set "
6194 "the http_proxy environment variable first, see sources.list(5)</p></"
6195 "footnote> thing that should be done before using <prgn>apt-get</prgn> is to "
6196 "fetch the package lists from the <em>Sources</em> so that it knows what "
6197 "packages are available. This is done with <tt>apt-get update</tt>. For "
6200 "La prima <footnote><p>Se state usando un proxy server http, dovete prima "
6201 "ancora impostare la variabile d'ambiente http_proxy; vedere sources.list(5)."
6202 "</p></footnote> cosa da fare prima di usare <prgn>apt-get</prgn> è impostare "
6203 "l'elenco dei pacchetti dalle fonti in modo che il programma sappia quali "
6204 "pacchetti sono disponibili. Lo si fa con <tt>apt-get update</tt>. Ad esempio,"
6206 #. type: <example></example>
6210 "# apt-get update\n"
6211 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6212 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6213 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6214 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6216 "# apt-get update\n"
6217 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6218 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6219 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6220 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6222 #. type: <p><taglist>
6225 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
6226 msgstr "Dopo aver aggiornato l'elenco si possono usare molti comandi:"
6228 #. type: <tag></tag>
6238 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
6239 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
6240 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
6241 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
6242 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
6243 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <prgn>dselect</prgn> or "
6244 "<tt>apt-get install</tt> can be used to force these packages to install."
6246 "Upgrade tenterà di fare un aggiornamento indolore del sistema completo, "
6247 "senza installare nuovi pacchetti o rimuoverne di esistenti, e senza "
6248 "aggiornare un pacchetto che possa rovinarne altri. Upgrade farà un elenco di "
6249 "tutti i pacchetti che non avrà potuto aggiornare, cosa che in genere "
6250 "significa che questi dipendono da nuovi pacchetti o vanno in conflitto con "
6251 "altri. Per forzare la loro installazione si può usare <prgn>dselect</prgn> o "
6252 "<tt>apt-get install</tt>."
6254 #. type: <tag></tag>
6264 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
6265 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
6266 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
6267 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
6268 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
6269 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
6270 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
6272 "Install viene usato per installare i singoli pacchetti dando il loro nome. "
6273 "Il pacchetto viene automaticamente scaricato ed installato, cosa molto utile "
6274 "se già se ne conosce il nome e non si vuole entrare in grafica per "
6275 "selezionarlo. Al comando si possono passare anche più pacchetti, che saranno "
6276 "tutti scaricati. L'installazione automatica cerca di risolvere i problemi di "
6277 "dipendenze con gli altri pacchetti elencati, stampa un riassunto e chiede "
6278 "conferma se si devono modificare altri pacchetti che non siano quelli sulla "
6281 #. type: <tag></tag>
6284 msgid "dist-upgrade"
6285 msgstr "dist-upgrade"
6291 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
6292 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
6293 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
6294 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
6295 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
6296 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then <prgn>dselect</"
6297 "prgn> can be used to install any packages that may have been left out."
6299 "Dist-upgrade fa un aggiornamento completo, progettato in modo da rendere "
6300 "semplici gli aggiornamenti tra versioni di Debian. Usa un algoritmo "
6301 "sofisticato per determinare il miglior insieme di pacchetti da installare, "
6302 "aggiornare e rimuovere per arrivare alla versione più aggiornata del sistema "
6303 "possibile. In alcune situazioni può essere vantaggioso usare dist-upgrade "
6304 "invece che sprecare tempo a risolvere manualmente le dipendenze con "
6305 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Una volta completato dist-upgrade, si può usare "
6306 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> per installare eventuali pacchetti che sono stati "
6313 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
6314 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
6316 "È importante controllare attentamente cosa intende fare dist-upgrade, dato "
6317 "che le sue decisioni a volte possono essere abbastanza sorprendenti."
6323 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> has several command line options that are detailed in "
6324 "its man page, <manref section=\"8\" name=\"apt-get\">. The most useful "
6325 "option is <tt>-d</tt> which does not install the fetched files. If the "
6326 "system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired to "
6327 "start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <tt>-d</tt> is used "
6328 "the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running the command that "
6329 "caused them to be downloaded again without <tt>-d</tt>."
6331 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> ha diverse opzioni a linea di comando, che vengono "
6332 "documentate dettagliatamente nella sua pagina man, <manref section=\"8\" "
6333 "name=\"apt-get\">. L'opzione più utile è <tt>-d</tt>, che non installa i "
6334 "file scaricati: se il sistema deve scaricare un gran numero di pacchetti, "
6335 "non è bene farglieli installare subito, in caso dovesse andare male "
6336 "qualcosa. Dopo aver usato <tt>-d</tt>, gli archivi scaricati possono essere "
6337 "installati semplicemente dando di nuovo lo stesso comando senza l'opzione "
6340 #. type: <heading></heading>
6350 "The APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method provides the complete APT system with "
6351 "the <prgn>dselect</prgn> package selection GUI. <prgn>dselect</prgn> is used "
6352 "to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT actually installs "
6355 "Il metodo APT di <prgn>dselect</prgn> fornisce tutte le funzionalità di APT "
6356 "all'interno dell'interfaccia grafica di selezione dei pacchetti "
6357 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. <prgn>dselect</prgn> viene usato per selezionare i "
6358 "pacchetti da installare o rimuovere, ed APT li installa."
6364 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6365 "and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
6366 "<em>Sources</em> which are places to fetch archives from. These can be "
6367 "remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CDROMs. Each source can "
6368 "provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
6369 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CDROM then it "
6370 "is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
6371 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
6372 "your CDROM before downloading from the Internet."
6374 "Per abilitare il metodo APT dovete selezionare [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</"
6375 "prgn> e scegliere il metodo APT; vi verrà chiesto un insieme di fonti "
6376 "(<em>Sources</em>), cioè di posti da cui scaricare gli archivi. Tali fonti "
6377 "possono essere siti Internet remoti, mirror locali di Debian o CDROM; "
6378 "ciascuna di esse può fornire una parte dell'archivio Debian, ed APT le "
6379 "combinerà insieme in un set completo di pacchetti. Se avete un CDROM è una "
6380 "buona idea indicare quello per primo, e poi i mirror, in modo da avere "
6381 "accesso alle ultime versioni; APT userà in questo modo automaticamente i "
6382 "pacchetti sul CDROM prima di scaricarli da Internet."
6384 #. type: <example></example>
6388 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6390 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6391 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6394 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6395 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6396 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6399 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
6401 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6403 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6404 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6407 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6408 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6409 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6412 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
6418 "The <em>Sources</em> setup starts by asking for the base of the Debian "
6419 "archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the distribution to "
6422 "La configurazione delle fonti inizia chiedendo la base dell'archivio Debian, "
6423 "propone come default un mirror HTTP, e poi chiede la distribuzione da "
6426 #. type: <example></example>
6430 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6431 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6432 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6434 " Distribution [stable]:"
6436 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6437 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6438 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6440 " Distribution [stable]:"
6446 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, <em>stable</"
6447 "em> refers to the latest released version and <em>unstable</em> refers to "
6448 "the developmental version. <em>non-US</em> is only available on some mirrors "
6449 "and refers to packages that contain encryption technology or other things "
6450 "that cannot be exported from the United States. Importing these packages "
6451 "into the US is legal however."
6453 "La distribuzione (``distribution'') fa riferimento alla versione Debian "
6454 "dell'archivio: <em>stable</em> è l'ultima rilasciata, ed <em>unstable</em> è "
6455 "quella di sviluppo. <em>non-US</em> è disponibile solo su alcuni mirror, e "
6456 "contiene dei pacchetti in cui viene usata della tecnologia di criptazione o "
6457 "altre cose che non possano essere esportate dagli Stati Uniti; importare "
6458 "questi pacchetti negli US è però legale."
6460 #. type: <example></example>
6464 " Please give the components to get\n"
6465 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6467 " Components [main contrib non-free]:"
6469 " Please give the components to get\n"
6470 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6472 " Components [main contrib non-free]:"
6478 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
6479 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
6480 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
6481 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
6483 "L'elenco dei componenti (``components'') si riferisce alla lista di sotto-"
6484 "distribuzioni da scaricare. Ciascuna distribuzione viene divisa in base al "
6485 "copyright del software: la main contiene pacchetti la cui licenza soddisfa "
6486 "le DFSG, mentre contrib e non-free contengono software che ha diverse "
6487 "restrizioni sull'uso e sulla distribuzione."
6493 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
6494 "until you have specified all that you want."
6496 "Si possono inserire un qualsiasi numero di fonti, e lo script di "
6497 "configurazione continuerà a chiedere fino a che abbiate specificato tutti "
6498 "gli elementi che volete."
6504 "Before starting to use <prgn>dselect</prgn> it is necessary to update the "
6505 "available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset of "
6506 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> that makes the fetched information available to "
6507 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate must be performed even if <tt>apt-get update</"
6508 "tt> has been run before."
6510 "Prima di cominciare ad usare <prgn>dselect</prgn> è necessario aggiornare "
6511 "l'elenco dei pacchetti disponibili selezionando [U]pdate dal menù: si tratta "
6512 "di un sovrainsieme di ciò che fa <tt>apt-get update</tt>, che rende "
6513 "l'informazione scaricata disponibile a <prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate deve "
6514 "essere fatto anche se prima è stato dato <tt>apt-get update</tt>."
6520 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
6521 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
6522 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
6525 "Si può a questo punto continuare selezionando i pacchetti desiderati usando "
6526 "[S]elect e poi installando con [I]nstall. Se si usa il metodo APT, i comandi "
6527 "[C]onfig e [R]emove non hanno significato, dato che entrambe le fasi sono "
6528 "contenute in [I]nstall."
6534 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
6535 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place <tt>Dselect::"
6536 "clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6538 "Per default APT rimuoverà automaticamente i pacchetti che sono stati "
6539 "installati con successo. Per modificare questo comportamento, si inserisca "
6540 "<tt>Dselect::clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6542 #. type: <heading></heading>
6545 msgid "The Interface"
6546 msgstr "L'interfaccia"
6552 "Both that APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> share the "
6553 "same interface. It is a simple system that generally tells you what it will "
6554 "do and then goes and does it. <footnote><p>The <prgn>dselect</prgn> method "
6555 "actually is a set of wrapper scripts to <prgn>apt-get</prgn>. The method "
6556 "actually provides more functionality than is present in <prgn>apt-get</prgn> "
6557 "alone.</p></footnote> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
6558 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
6559 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
6561 "Entrambi i metodi, <prgn>dselect</prgn> APT ed <prgn>apt-get</prgn>, "
6562 "condividono la stessa interfaccia; si tratta di un sistema semplice che "
6563 "indica in genere cosa sta per fare, e poi lo fa. <footnote><p>Il metodo "
6564 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> è in realtà un insieme di script di wrapper ad "
6565 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn>. Il metodo fornisce delle funzionalità maggiori del "
6566 "solo <prgn>apt-get</prgn>.</p></footnote> Dopo la stampa di un riassunto "
6567 "delle operazioni che saranno fatte, APT stampa dei messaggi informativi "
6568 "sullo stato del sistema, in modo che possiate avere davanti agli occhi a "
6569 "quale punto dell'operazione si trova, e quanto ancora si deve aspettare."
6571 #. type: <heading></heading>
6581 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
6582 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
6583 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <tt>apt-get check</"
6586 "Prima di ciascuna operazione, eccetto l'aggiornamento della lista, APT "
6587 "compie alcune operazioni per prepararsi, oltre a dei controlli dello stato "
6588 "del sistema. In qualsiasi momento le stesse operazioni possono essere fatte "
6589 "con <tt>apt-get check</tt>"
6591 #. type: <example></example>
6596 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6597 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6600 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6601 "Building Dependancy Tree... Done"
6607 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
6608 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
6609 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
6610 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
6612 "La prima cosa che fa è leggere tutti i file dei pacchetti in memoria, usando "
6613 "uno schema di caching in modo da rendere la stessa operazione più veloce la "
6614 "seconda volta che la si fa. Se alcuni dei file dei pacchetti non vengono "
6615 "trovati, sono ignorati e viene stampato un avvertimento all'uscita di apt-"
6622 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
6623 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
6624 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
6625 "will be printed out and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will refuse to run."
6627 "L'operazione finale consiste in un'analisi dettagliata delle dipendenze del "
6628 "sistema: viene controllato che tutte le dipendenze dei singoli pacchetti "
6629 "installati o non scompattati siano soddisfatte. Se vengono individuati dei "
6630 "problemi, viene stampato un resoconto, ed <prgn>apt-get</prgn> esce senza "
6631 "eseguire alcuna operazione."
6633 #. type: <example></example>
6638 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6639 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6640 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6641 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6642 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6643 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6644 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6645 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6646 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6647 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6648 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6649 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6650 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6651 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
6654 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6655 "Building Dependancy Tree... Done\n"
6656 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6657 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6658 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6659 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6660 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6661 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6662 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6663 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6664 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6665 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6666 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6667 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
6673 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
6674 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
6675 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
6676 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
6677 "problem is also included."
6679 "In questo esempio il sistema ha molti problemi, tra cui uno piuttosto serio "
6680 "con la libreadlineg2. Per ciascun pacchetto che ha dipendenze non "
6681 "soddisfatte, viene stampata una linea che indica il pacchetto che crea il "
6682 "problema e quali problemi ci sono. Viene inclusa inoltre una breve "
6683 "spiegazione del perché il pacchetto ha un problema di dipendenze."
6689 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
6690 "is caused by <prgn>dpkg</prgn> missing some subtle relationships between "
6691 "packages when performing upgrades. <footnote><p>APT however considers all "
6692 "known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken packages</p></footnote>. "
6693 "The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. In this "
6694 "situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents being "
6697 "Ci sono due modi in cui un sistema possa arrivare in uno stato problematico "
6698 "di questo genere: il primo è causato dal fatto che <prgn>dpkg</prgn> possa "
6699 "mancare alcune relazioni sottili tra pacchetti durante un aggiornamento del "
6700 "sistema<footnote><p>APT considera comunque tutte le dipendenze note, e cerca "
6701 "di prevenire problemi ai pacchetti</p></footnote>; il secondo è possibile se "
6702 "l'installazione di un pacchetto fallisce, ed in questo caso è possibile che "
6703 "un pacchetto venga scompattato senza che tutti quelli da cui dipende siano "
6710 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
6711 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
6712 "supplying the <tt>-f</tt> option to <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will cause APT to "
6713 "deduce a possible solution to the problem and then continue on. The APT "
6714 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> method always supplies the <tt>-f</tt> option to allow "
6715 "for easy continuation of failed maintainer scripts."
6717 "La seconda possibilità è meno seria della prima, dato che APT gestisce "
6718 "l'ordine di installazione dei pacchetti; in entrambi i casi l'opzione <tt>-"
6719 "f</tt> di <prgn>apt-get</prgn> gli farà trovare una soluzione e lo farà "
6720 "continuare. Il metodo APT di <prgn>dselect</prgn> comprende sempre l'opzione "
6721 "<tt>-f</tt> per permettere di configurare facilmente anche i pacchetti con "
6728 "However, if the <tt>-f</tt> option is used to correct a seriously broken "
6729 "system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will either fail "
6730 "immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either case it is "
6731 "necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to correct "
6732 "the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
6734 "Se viene usata però l'opzione <tt>-f</tt> per correggere un sistema in uno "
6735 "stato molto problematico, è possibile che anche con l'opzione il programma "
6736 "fallisca, subito o durante la sequenza di installazione. In entrambi i casi "
6737 "è necessario usare dpkg a mano (probabilmente usando delle opzioni di "
6738 "forzatura) per correggere quanto basta per poter fare continuare APT."
6740 #. type: <heading></heading>
6743 msgid "The Status Report"
6744 msgstr "Il resoconto sullo stato"
6750 "Before proceeding <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will present a report on what will "
6751 "happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being performed "
6752 "but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists reflect the "
6753 "final state of things, taking into account the <tt>-f</tt> option and any "
6754 "other relevant activities to the command being executed."
6756 "Prima di procedere, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> presenterà un resoconto delle "
6757 "operazioni che sta per fare. In genere tale resoconto varierà con il tipo di "
6758 "operazioni da fare, ma ci sono alcuni elementi comuni: in tutti i casi gli "
6759 "elenchi dipendono dallo stato finale delle cose, e tengono conto "
6760 "dell'opzione <tt>-f</tt> e di altre attività rilevanti per il comando da "
6763 #. type: <heading></heading>
6766 msgid "The Extra Package list"
6767 msgstr "L'elenco dei pacchetti Extra"
6769 #. type: <example></example>
6773 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
6774 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
6775 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
6776 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
6777 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
6780 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
6781 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
6782 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
6783 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
6784 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
6791 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
6792 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
6793 "generated for an <tt>install</tt> command. The listed packages are often the "
6794 "result of an Auto Install."
6796 "L'elenco dei pacchetti Extra mostra tutti i pacchetti che verranno "
6797 "installati o aggiornati oltre a quelli indicati sulla linea di comando. "
6798 "Viene generato solo per il comando <tt>install</tt>. I pacchetti elencati "
6799 "sono spesso il risultato di un'operazione di auto installazione (Auto "
6802 #. type: <heading></heading>
6805 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
6806 msgstr "I pacchetti da rimuovere"
6808 #. type: <example></example>
6812 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
6813 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
6814 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
6815 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
6818 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
6819 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
6820 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
6821 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
6828 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
6829 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
6830 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
6831 "The <tt>-f</tt> option is especially good at generating packages to remove "
6832 "so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain packages "
6833 "that are going to be removed because they are only partially installed, "
6834 "possibly due to an aborted installation."
6836 "L'elenco dei pacchetti da rimuovere (Remove) indica tutti i pacchetti che "
6837 "verranno rimossi dal sistema. Può essere mostrato per una qualsiasi delle "
6838 "operazioni, e deve sempre essere esaminato attentamente per assicurarsi che "
6839 "non venga eliminato qualcosa di importante. Con l'opzione <tt>-f</tt> è "
6840 "particolarmente probabile che vengano eliminati dei pacchetti, ed in questo "
6841 "caso va fatta estrema attenzione. La lista può contenere dei pacchetti che "
6842 "verranno rimossi perché sono già rimossi parzialmente, forse a causa di "
6843 "un'installazione non terminata correttamente."
6845 #. type: <heading></heading>
6848 msgid "The New Packages list"
6849 msgstr "L'elenco dei nuovi pacchetti installati"
6851 #. type: <example></example>
6855 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
6856 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
6858 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
6859 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
6865 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
6866 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
6869 "L'elenco dei nuovi pacchetti installati (New) è semplicemente un appunto su "
6870 "quello che accadrà. I pacchetti nell'elenco non sono al momento installati "
6871 "nel sistema, ma lo saranno alla fine delle operazioni di APT."
6873 #. type: <heading></heading>
6876 msgid "The Kept Back list"
6877 msgstr "L'elenco dei pacchetti trattenuti"
6879 #. type: <example></example>
6883 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
6884 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
6885 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
6887 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
6888 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
6889 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
6895 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
6896 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
6897 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
6898 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
6899 "to install is with <tt>apt-get install</tt> or by using <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6900 "to resolve their problems."
6902 "In ogni caso in cui il sistema viene aggiornato nel suo insieme, c'è la "
6903 "possibilità che non possano venire installate nuove versioni di alcuni "
6904 "pacchetti, dato che potrebbero richiedere l'installazione di pacchetti non "
6905 "presenti nel sistema, o entrare in conflitto con altri già presenti. In "
6906 "questo caso, il pacchetto viene elencato nella lista di quelli trattenuti "
6907 "(Kept Back). Il miglior modo per convincere i pacchetti elencati in questa "
6908 "lista è di installarli con <tt>apt-get install</tt> o usare <prgn>dselect</"
6909 "prgn> per risolvere i problemi."
6911 #. type: <heading></heading>
6914 msgid "Held Packages warning"
6915 msgstr "Messaggi di attenzione sui pacchetti trattenuti"
6917 #. type: <example></example>
6921 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
6924 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
6931 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
6932 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
6933 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
6935 "A volte si può richiedere ad APT di installare un pacchetto che è stato "
6936 "trattenuto; in questi casi viene stampato un messaggio di attenzione, che "
6937 "avverte che il pacchetto verrà modificato. Questo dovrebbe accadere solo "
6938 "durante operazioni di dist-upgrade o di install."
6940 #. type: <heading></heading>
6943 msgid "Final summary"
6944 msgstr "Resoconto finale"
6950 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
6952 "Infine, APT stamperà un riassunto di tutte le modifiche che accadranno."
6954 #. type: <example></example>
6958 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
6959 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
6960 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
6962 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
6963 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
6964 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
6970 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
6971 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
6972 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
6973 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
6974 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
6975 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
6976 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
6977 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
6978 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
6979 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
6980 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
6981 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
6982 "the amount of space that will be freed."
6984 "La prima linea del riassunto è semplicemente una versione ridotta di tutte "
6985 "le liste, ed include il numero di aggiornamenti -- cioè dei pacchetti già "
6986 "installati per cui sono disponibili nuove versioni. La seconda linea indica "
6987 "il numero di pacchetti con problemi di configurazione, probabilmente in "
6988 "conseguenza di un'installazione non andata a buon fine. La linea finale "
6989 "indica i requisiti di spazio dell'installazione: i primi due numeri indicano "
6990 "rispettivamente il numero di byte che devono essere trasferiti da posizioni "
6991 "remote, ed il secondo la dimensione totale di tutti gli archivi necessari "
6992 "per l'installazione. Il numero successivo indica la differenza in dimensione "
6993 "tra i pacchetti già installati e quelli che lo saranno, ed è "
6994 "approssimativamente equivalente allo spazio richiesto in /usr dopo "
6995 "l'installazione. Se si stanno rimuovendo dei pacchetti, il valore può "
6996 "indicare lo spazio che verrà liberato."
7002 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
7003 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
7005 "Si possono generare altri resoconti usando l'opzione -u per mostrare i "
7006 "pacchetti da aggiornare, ma sono simili all'esempio precedente."
7008 #. type: <heading></heading>
7011 msgid "The Status Display"
7012 msgstr "La visualizzazione dello stato"
7018 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
7021 "Durante il download degli archivi e dei file dei pacchetti, APT stampa una "
7022 "serie di messaggi di stato."
7024 #. type: <example></example>
7028 "# apt-get update\n"
7029 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
7030 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7031 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
7032 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7033 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
7034 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
7036 "# apt-get update\n"
7037 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
7038 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
7039 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
7040 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
7041 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
7042 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
7048 "The lines starting with <em>Get</em> are printed out when APT begins to "
7049 "fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the download. The "
7050 "first percent value on the progress line indicates the total percent done of "
7051 "all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files is unknown "
7052 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> estimates the percent done which causes some "
7055 "Le linee che cominciano con <em>Get</em> vengono stampate quando APT inizia "
7056 "a scaricare un file, e l'ultima linea indica il progresso dell'operazione. "
7057 "Il primo valore in percentuale indica la percentuale totale di tutti i file; "
7058 "dato che la dimensione dei file Package non è nota, purtroppo a volte "
7059 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> fa una stima poco accurata."
7065 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
7066 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
7067 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
7068 "<em>Forking</em> which means the OS is loading the download module. The "
7069 "first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the history lines. "
7070 "The next word is the short form name of the object being downloaded. For "
7071 "archives it will contain the name of the package that is being fetched."
7073 "La sezione successiva della linea di stato viene ripetuta una volta per "
7074 "ciascuna fase del download, ed indica l'operazione in corso, insieme ad "
7075 "alcune informazioni utili su cosa stia accadendo. A volte questa sezione "
7076 "contiene solamente <em>Forking</em>, che significa che il sistema operativo "
7077 "sta caricando il modulo. La prima parola dopo la parentesi quadra aperta è "
7078 "il nome breve dell'oggetto che si sta scaricando, che per gli archivi è il "
7079 "nome del pacchetto."
7085 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
7086 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
7087 "<em>Connecting</em> to <em>Waiting for file</em> to <em>Downloading</em> or "
7088 "<em>Resuming</em>. The final value is the number of bytes downloaded from "
7089 "the remote site. Once the download begins this is represented as "
7090 "<tt>102/10.2k</tt> indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 "
7091 "kilobytes is expected. The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation "
7092 "to preserve space. After the size display is a percent meter for the file "
7093 "itself. The second last element is the instantaneous average speed. This "
7094 "values is updated every 5 seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for "
7095 "that period. Finally is shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated "
7096 "regularly and reflects the time to complete everything at the shown transfer "
7099 "All'interno delle virgolette c'è una stringa informativa, che indica il "
7100 "progresso della fase di negoziazione del download. Tipicamente comincia con "
7101 "<em>Connecting</em>, procede con <em>Waiting for file</em> e poi con "
7102 "<em>Downloading</em> o <em>Resuming</em>. Il valore finale è il numero di "
7103 "byte che sono stati scaricati dal sito remoto: una volta cominciato il "
7104 "download viene rappresentato come <tt>102/10.2k</tt>, che indica che sono "
7105 "stati scaricati 102 byte di 10.2 kilobyte. La dimensione totale viene sempre "
7106 "espressa in notazione a quattro cifre, per risparmiare spazio. Dopo la "
7107 "dimensione viene indicato un indicatore progressivo della percentuale del "
7108 "file. Il penultimo elemento è la velocità istantanea media, che viene "
7109 "aggiornata ogni 5 secondi, e riflette la velocità di trasferimento dei dati "
7110 "in quel periodo. Infine, viene visualizzato il tempo stimato per il "
7111 "trasferimento, che viene aggiornato periodicamente e riflette il tempo "
7112 "necessario per completare tutte le operazioni alla velocità di trasferimento "
7119 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
7120 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
7121 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
7122 "for logging to a file, use the <tt>-q</tt> option to remove the status "
7125 "La visualizzazione dello stato viene aggiornata ogni mezzo secondo per "
7126 "fornire un feedback costante del processo di download, e le linee Get "
7127 "scorrono indietro quando viene cominciato il download di un nuovo file. Dato "
7128 "che la visualizzazione dello stato viene costantemente aggiornata, non è "
7129 "adatta per essere registrata in un file; per non visualizzarla si può usare "
7130 "l'opzione <tt>-q</tt>."
7132 #. type: <heading></heading>
7142 "APT uses <prgn>dpkg</prgn> for installing the archives and will switch over "
7143 "to the <prgn>dpkg</prgn> interface once downloading is completed. "
7144 "<prgn>dpkg</prgn> will also ask a number of questions as it processes the "
7145 "packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. Before "
7146 "each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and the "
7147 "questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7149 "APT usa <prgn>dpkg</prgn> per installare gli archivi e passerà "
7150 "all'interfaccia <prgn>dpkg</prgn> una volta finito il download. <prgn>dpkg</"
7151 "prgn> porrà anche alcune domande durante la manipolazione dei pacchetti, ed "
7152 "i pacchetti stessi potranno farne altre. Prima di ciascuna domanda viene "
7153 "proposta una descrizione di quello che sta per chiedere, e le domande sono "
7154 "troppo diverse per poter essere discusse in maniera completa in questa "
7157 #. type: <title></title>
7159 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7162 #. type: <version></version>
7165 msgid "$Id: offline.sgml,v 1.8 2003/02/12 15:06:41 doogie Exp $"
7166 msgstr "$Id: guide.it.sgml,v 1.5 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
7168 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
7171 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7172 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7175 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
7178 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1999."
7179 msgstr "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
7181 #. type: <heading></heading>
7183 msgid "Introduction"
7186 #. type: <heading></heading>
7187 #: offline.sgml:34 offline.sgml:65 offline.sgml:180
7194 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7195 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7196 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7197 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7203 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7204 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7205 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7206 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7207 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7208 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7209 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <em>remote host</em> mean "
7210 "the machine downloading the packages, and <em>target host</em> the one with "
7211 "bad or no connection."
7217 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7218 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7219 "that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
7220 "names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7223 #. type: <heading></heading>
7225 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7228 #. type: <p><example>
7231 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7232 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7233 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7234 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7237 #. type: <example></example>
7251 #. type: <heading></heading>
7253 msgid "The configuration file"
7259 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7260 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7261 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7262 "the status file should be a copy of <em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> from the "
7263 "<em>target host</em>. Please note, if you are using a local archive you must "
7264 "use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to file URIs."
7267 #. type: <p><example>
7270 "<em>apt.conf</em> must contain the necessary information to make APT use the "
7274 #. type: <example></example>
7280 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7281 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7282 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7284 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7289 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7290 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7291 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7292 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7294 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7295 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7296 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7298 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7299 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7303 #. type: </example></p>
7306 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7307 "configuration file in <em>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</em>."
7310 #. type: <p><example>
7313 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy <em>/"
7314 "var/lib/dpkg/status</em> to it. You will also need to create the directories "
7315 "outlined in the Overview, <em>archives/partial/</em> and <em>lists/partial/</"
7316 "em>. Then take the disc to the remote machine and configure the sources."
7317 "list. On the remote machine execute the following:"
7320 #. type: <example></example>
7324 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7325 " # apt-get update\n"
7326 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7327 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7328 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]"
7331 #. type: </example></p>
7334 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7335 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7336 "such as <em>dselect</em>. However this presents a problem in communicating "
7337 "your selections back to the local computer."
7340 #. type: <p><example>
7343 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7344 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7347 #. type: <example></example>
7351 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7352 " # apt-get check\n"
7353 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7354 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7355 " [ Or any other APT command ]"
7361 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7362 "local one. This is very important!"
7368 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7369 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7370 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7371 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7372 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7375 #. type: <heading></heading>
7377 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7383 "<em>wget</em> is a popular and portable download tool that can run on nearly "
7384 "any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the Debian machine "
7385 "already has a list of available packages."
7391 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7392 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7393 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7397 #. type: <heading></heading>
7402 #. type: <p><example>
7405 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7406 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7409 #. type: <example></example>
7413 " # apt-get dist-upgrade \n"
7414 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7415 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7416 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script"
7419 #. type: </example></p>
7422 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7429 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7430 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7431 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7432 "output on the disc."
7435 #. type: <p><example>
7437 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7440 #. type: <example></example>
7445 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7449 #. type: </example><example>
7452 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7453 "installation can proceed using,"
7456 #. type: <example></example>
7459 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade"
7462 #. type: </example></p>
7464 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
HCoop / ntk / apt.git / blob