1 # Translation of apt package man pages
2 # Copyright (C) YEAR André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>
3 # This file is distributed under the same license as the apt package.
6 # André Luís Lopes <andrelop@ig.com.br>
11 "Project-Id-Version: apt\n"
12 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>\n"
13 "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-23 17:06+0300\n"
14 "PO-Revision-Date: 2004-09-20 17:02+0000\n"
15 "Last-Translator: André Luís Lopes <andrelop@debian.org>\n"
16 "Language-Team: <debian-l10n-portuguese@lists.debian.org>\n"
19 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
20 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
48 msgid "apt - Advanced Package Tool"
71 "APT is a management system for software packages. For normal day to day "
72 "package management there are several frontends available, such as B<aptitude>"
73 "(8) for the command line or B<synaptic>(8) for the X Window System. Some "
74 "options are only implemented in B<apt-get>(8) though."
86 "B<apt-cache>(8), B<apt-get>(8), B<apt.conf>(5), B<sources.list>(5), "
87 "B<apt_preferences>(5), B<apt-secure>(8)"
98 msgid "apt returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error."
109 msgid "This manpage isn't even started."
116 "See E<lt>http://bugs.debian.org/aptE<gt>. If you wish to report a bug in "
117 "B<apt>, please see I</usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt> or the "
118 "B<reportbug>(1) command."
121 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
123 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</"
125 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
126 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando "
139 msgid "apt was written by the APT team E<lt>apt@packages.debian.orgE<gt>."
142 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
144 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
151 "<!ENTITY apt-author.team \"\n"
153 " <othername>APT team</othername>\n"
154 " <contrib></contrib>\n"
163 "<!ENTITY apt-qapage \"\n"
165 "\t\t<ulink url='http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html'>QA Page</ulink>\n"
174 "<!-- Boiler plate Bug reporting section -->\n"
175 "<!ENTITY manbugs \"\n"
176 " <refsect1><title>Bugs</title>\n"
177 " <para><ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt'>APT bug page</ulink>.\n"
178 " If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see\n"
179 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</filename> or the\n"
180 " &reportbug; command.\n"
186 " <RefSect1><Title>Bugs</>\n"
188 " Consulte a <ulink url='http://bugs.debian.org/apt'>página de bugs do APT</>.\n"
189 " Caso você queira relatar um bug no APT, por favor consulte o arquivo\n"
190 " <filename>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</> ou o comando &reportbug;.\n"
197 "<!-- Boiler plate Author section -->\n"
198 "<!ENTITY manauthor \"\n"
199 " <refsect1><title>Author</title>\n"
200 " <para>APT was written by the APT team <email>apt@packages.debian.org</email>.\n"
206 " <RefSect1><Title>Author</>\n"
208 " O APT foi escrito pela equipe APT <email>apt@packages.debian.org</>.\n"
215 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
216 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
217 "<!ENTITY apt-commonoptions \"\n"
218 " <varlistentry><term><option>-h</option></term>\n"
219 " <term><option>--help</option></term>\n"
220 " <listitem><para>Show a short usage summary.\n"
231 " <term><option>-v</option></term>\n"
232 " <term><option>--version</option></term>\n"
233 " <listitem><para>Show the program version.\n"
244 " <term><option>-c</option></term>\n"
245 " <term><option>--config-file</option></term>\n"
246 " <listitem><para>Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
247 " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
248 " configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the\n"
249 " default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>\n"
250 " environment variable. See &apt-conf; for syntax information.\n"
261 " <term><option>-o</option></term>\n"
262 " <term><option>--option</option></term>\n"
263 " <listitem><para>Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary\n"
264 " configuration option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</option>.\n"
265 " <option>-o</option> and <option>--option</option> can be used multiple\n"
266 " times to set different options.\n"
277 "<!-- Should be used within the option section of the text to\n"
278 " put in the blurb about -h, -v, -c and -o -->\n"
279 "<!ENTITY apt-cmdblurb \"\n"
280 " <para>All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the\n"
281 " descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean\n"
282 " options you can override the config file by using something like \n"
283 " <option>-f-</option>,<option>--no-f</option>, <option>-f=no</option>\n"
284 " or several other variations.\n"
290 " Todas as opções de linha de comando podem ser definidas usando o\n"
291 " arquivo de configuração, as descrições indicam a opção de configuração\n"
292 " a ser definida. Para opções booleanas você pode sobrepor o arquivo de\n"
293 " configuração usando algo como <option/-f-/,<option/--no-f/,\n"
294 " <option/-f=no/ ou diversas outras variantes.\n"
301 "<!ENTITY file-aptconf \"\n"
302 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term>\n"
303 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file.\n"
304 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
312 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term>\n"
313 " <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments.\n"
314 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
323 "<!ENTITY file-cachearchives \"\n"
324 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term>\n"
325 " <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files.\n"
326 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
334 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term>\n"
335 " <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit.\n"
336 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
345 "<!ENTITY file-preferences \"\n"
346 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term>\n"
347 " <listitem><para>Version preferences file.\n"
348 " This is where you would specify "pinning",\n"
349 " i.e. a preference to get certain packages\n"
350 " from a separate source\n"
351 " or from a different version of a distribution.\n"
352 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
360 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename></term>\n"
361 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the version preferences.\n"
362 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
371 "<!ENTITY file-sourceslist \"\n"
372 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term>\n"
373 " <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from.\n"
374 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
382 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</filename></term>\n"
383 " <listitem><para>File fragments for locations to fetch packages from.\n"
384 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
393 "<!ENTITY file-statelists \"\n"
394 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term>\n"
395 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in\n"
397 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
405 " <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term>\n"
406 " <listitem><para>Storage area for state information in transit.\n"
407 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (<filename>partial</filename> will be implicitly appended)</para></listitem>\n"
416 "<!ENTITY file-trustedgpg \"\n"
417 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg</filename></term>\n"
418 " <listitem><para>Keyring of local trusted keys, new keys will be added here.\n"
419 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Trusted</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
427 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename></term>\n"
428 " <listitem><para>File fragments for the trusted keys, additional keyrings can\n"
429 " be stored here (by other packages or the administrator).\n"
430 " Configuration Item <literal>Dir::Etc::TrustedParts</literal>.</para></listitem>\n"
439 "<!ENTITY file-extended_states \"\n"
440 " <varlistentry><term><filename>/var/lib/apt/extended_states</filename></term>\n"
441 " <listitem><para>Status list of auto-installed packages.\n"
442 " Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::extended_states</literal>.\n"
443 " </para></listitem>\n"
452 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is the section header for the following paragraphs - comparable\n"
453 " to the other headers like NAME and DESCRIPTION and should therefore be uppercase. -->\n"
454 "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRANSLATION\">\n"
455 msgstr "<!ENTITY translation-title \"TRADUÇÃO\">\n"
461 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: This is a placeholder. You should write here who has contributed\n"
462 " to the translation in the past, who is responsible now and maybe further information\n"
463 " specially related to your translation. -->\n"
464 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
465 " The english translation was done by John Doe <email>john@doe.org</email> in 2009,\n"
466 " 2010 and Daniela Acme <email>daniela@acme.us</email> in 2010 together with the\n"
467 " Debian Dummy l10n Team <email>debian-l10n-dummy@lists.debian.org</email>.\n"
470 "<!ENTITY translation-holder \"\n"
471 " Esta página de manual foi traduzida para o Português do Brasil por\n"
472 " André Luís Lopes <email>andrelop@ig.com.br</email>.\n"
479 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: As a translation is allowed to have 20% of untranslated/fuzzy strings\n"
480 " in a shipped manpage newer/modified paragraphs will maybe appear in english in\n"
481 " the generated manpage. This sentence is therefore here to tell the reader that this\n"
482 " is not a mistake by the translator - obviously the target is that at least for stable\n"
483 " releases this sentence is not needed. :) -->\n"
484 "<!ENTITY translation-english \"\n"
485 " Note that this translated document may contain untranslated parts.\n"
486 " This is done on purpose, to avoid losing content when the\n"
487 " translation is lagging behind the original content.\n"
494 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -o=config_string e.g. -o=Debug::"
495 "pkgProblemResolver=1 --> <!ENTITY synopsis-config-string \"config_string\">"
501 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -c=config_file e.g. -c=./apt.conf --> <!ENTITY "
502 "synopsis-config-file \"config_file\">"
508 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -t=target_release or pkg/target_release e.g. -"
509 "t=squeeze apt/experimental --> <!ENTITY synopsis-target-release "
510 "\"target_release\">"
516 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in -a=architecture e.g. -a=armel --> <!ENTITY "
517 "synopsis-architecture \"architecture\">"
523 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-get install pkg e.g. apt-get install awesome "
524 "--> <!ENTITY synopsis-pkg \"pkg\">"
530 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in pkg=pkg_version_number e.g. apt=0.8.15 --> <!"
531 "ENTITY synopsis-pkg-ver-number \"pkg_version_number\">"
537 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache pkgnames prefix e.g. apt-cache "
538 "pkgnames apt --> <!ENTITY synopsis-prefix \"prefix\">"
544 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cache search regex e.g. apt-cache search "
545 "awesome --> <!ENTITY synopsis-regex \"regex\">"
551 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-cdrom -d=cdrom_mount_point e.g. apt-cdrom -"
552 "d=/media/cdrom --> <!ENTITY synopsis-cdrom-mount \"cdrom_mount_point\">"
558 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates -t=temporary_directory e.g. "
559 "apt-extracttemplates -t=/tmp --> <!ENTITY synopsis-tmp-directory "
560 "\"temporary_directory\">"
566 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-extracttemplates filename --> <!ENTITY "
567 "synopsis-filename \"filename\">"
573 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
574 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-path \"path\">"
580 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
581 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-override "
588 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
589 "packages path override-file pathprefix --> <!ENTITY synopsis-pathprefix "
596 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as parameter for apt-ftparchive e.g. apt-ftparchive "
597 "generate section --> <!ENTITY synopsis-section \"section\">"
603 "<!-- TRANSLATOR: used as in apt-key export keyid e.g. apt-key export "
604 "473041FA --> <!ENTITY synopsis-keyid \"keyid\">"
607 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
608 #: apt-cache.8.xml:26 apt-cdrom.8.xml:25 apt-config.8.xml:26 apt-get.8.xml:26
609 #: apt-key.8.xml:25 apt-mark.8.xml:26 apt-secure.8.xml:25
613 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><refmiscinfo>
614 #: apt-cache.8.xml:27 apt-cdrom.8.xml:26 apt-config.8.xml:27
615 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:27 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:27 apt-get.8.xml:27
616 #: apt-key.8.xml:26 apt-mark.8.xml:27 apt-secure.8.xml:26
617 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:27 apt.conf.5.xml:32 apt_preferences.5.xml:26
618 #: sources.list.5.xml:27
622 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
623 #: apt-cache.8.xml:33
624 msgid "query the APT cache"
627 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
628 #: apt-cache.8.xml:38 apt-cdrom.8.xml:37 apt-config.8.xml:38
629 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:38 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:38 apt-get.8.xml:38
630 #: apt-key.8.xml:37 apt-mark.8.xml:38 apt-secure.8.xml:50
631 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:38 apt.conf.5.xml:41 apt_preferences.5.xml:36
632 #: sources.list.5.xml:36
637 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
638 #: apt-cache.8.xml:39
640 "<command>apt-cache</command> performs a variety of operations on APT's "
641 "package cache. <command>apt-cache</command> does not manipulate the state of "
642 "the system but does provide operations to search and generate interesting "
643 "output from the package metadata."
646 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
647 #: apt-cache.8.xml:44 apt-cdrom.8.xml:51 apt-config.8.xml:44
648 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:54 apt-get.8.xml:44
650 "Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, "
651 "one of the commands below must be present."
654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
655 #: apt-cache.8.xml:49
657 "<literal>gencaches</literal> creates APT's package cache. This is done "
658 "implicitly by all commands needing this cache if it is missing or outdated."
661 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
662 #: apt-cache.8.xml:53 apt-cache.8.xml:142 apt-cache.8.xml:163
663 #: apt-cache.8.xml:185 apt-cache.8.xml:190 apt-cache.8.xml:206
664 #: apt-cache.8.xml:224 apt-cache.8.xml:236
665 msgid "&synopsis-pkg;"
668 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
669 #: apt-cache.8.xml:54
671 "<literal>showpkg</literal> displays information about the packages listed on "
672 "the command line. Remaining arguments are package names. The available "
673 "versions and reverse dependencies of each package listed are listed, as well "
674 "as forward dependencies for each version. Forward (normal) dependencies are "
675 "those packages upon which the package in question depends; reverse "
676 "dependencies are those packages that depend upon the package in question. "
677 "Thus, forward dependencies must be satisfied for a package, but reverse "
678 "dependencies need not be. For instance, <command>apt-cache showpkg "
679 "libreadline2</command> would produce output similar to the following:"
682 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
683 #: apt-cache.8.xml:66
686 "Package: libreadline2\n"
687 "Versions: 2.1-12(/var/state/apt/lists/foo_Packages),\n"
688 "Reverse Depends: \n"
689 " libreadlineg2,libreadline2\n"
690 " libreadline2-altdev,libreadline2\n"
692 "2.1-12 - libc5 (2 5.4.0-0) ncurses3.0 (0 (null))\n"
695 "Reverse Provides: \n"
698 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
699 #: apt-cache.8.xml:78
701 "Thus it may be seen that libreadline2, version 2.1-12, depends on libc5 and "
702 "ncurses3.0 which must be installed for libreadline2 to work. In turn, "
703 "libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev depend on libreadline2. If "
704 "libreadline2 is installed, libc5 and ncurses3.0 (and ldso) must also be "
705 "installed; libreadlineg2 and libreadline2-altdev do not have to be "
706 "installed. For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is "
707 "best to consult the apt source code."
710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
711 #: apt-cache.8.xml:87
713 "<literal>stats</literal> displays some statistics about the cache. No "
714 "further arguments are expected. Statistics reported are:"
717 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
718 #: apt-cache.8.xml:90
720 "<literal>Total package names</literal> is the number of package names found "
724 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
725 #: apt-cache.8.xml:94
727 "<literal>Normal packages</literal> is the number of regular, ordinary "
728 "package names; these are packages that bear a one-to-one correspondence "
729 "between their names and the names used by other packages for them in "
730 "dependencies. The majority of packages fall into this category."
733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
734 #: apt-cache.8.xml:100
736 "<literal>Pure virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
737 "exist only as a virtual package name; that is, packages only \"provide\" the "
738 "virtual package name, and no package actually uses the name. For instance, "
739 "\"mail-transport-agent\" in the Debian system is a pure virtual "
740 "package; several packages provide \"mail-transport-agent\", but there is no "
741 "package named \"mail-transport-agent\"."
744 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
745 #: apt-cache.8.xml:108
747 "<literal>Single virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages with "
748 "only one package providing a particular virtual package. For example, in the "
749 "Debian system, \"X11-text-viewer\" is a virtual package, but only "
750 "one package, xless, provides \"X11-text-viewer\"."
753 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
754 #: apt-cache.8.xml:114
756 "<literal>Mixed virtual packages</literal> is the number of packages that "
757 "either provide a particular virtual package or have the virtual package name "
758 "as the package name. For instance, in the Debian system, \"debconf"
759 "\" is both an actual package, and provided by the debconf-tiny package."
762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
763 #: apt-cache.8.xml:121
765 "<literal>Missing</literal> is the number of package names that were "
766 "referenced in a dependency but were not provided by any package. Missing "
767 "packages may be an evidence if a full distribution is not accessed, or if a "
768 "package (real or virtual) has been dropped from the distribution. Usually "
769 "they are referenced from Conflicts or Breaks statements."
772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
773 #: apt-cache.8.xml:128
775 "<literal>Total distinct</literal> versions is the number of package versions "
776 "found in the cache; this value is therefore at least equal to the number of "
777 "total package names. If more than one distribution (both \"stable\" and "
778 "\"unstable\", for instance), is being accessed, this value can be "
779 "considerably larger than the number of total package names."
782 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
783 #: apt-cache.8.xml:135
785 "<literal>Total dependencies</literal> is the number of dependency "
786 "relationships claimed by all of the packages in the cache."
789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
790 #: apt-cache.8.xml:143
792 "<literal>showsrc</literal> displays all the source package records that "
793 "match the given package names. All versions are shown, as well as all "
794 "records that declare the name to be a Binary."
797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
798 #: apt-cache.8.xml:149
800 "<literal>dump</literal> shows a short listing of every package in the cache. "
801 "It is primarily for debugging."
804 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
805 #: apt-cache.8.xml:154
807 "<literal>dumpavail</literal> prints out an available list to stdout. This is "
808 "suitable for use with &dpkg; and is used by the &dselect; method."
811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
812 #: apt-cache.8.xml:159
814 "<literal>unmet</literal> displays a summary of all unmet dependencies in the "
818 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
819 #: apt-cache.8.xml:164
821 "<literal>show</literal> performs a function similar to <command>dpkg --print-"
822 "avail</command>; it displays the package records for the named packages."
825 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
826 #: apt-cache.8.xml:169
827 msgid "&synopsis-regex;"
830 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
831 #: apt-cache.8.xml:170
833 "<literal>search</literal> performs a full text search on all available "
834 "package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given, see ®ex;. It searches "
835 "the package names and the descriptions for an occurrence of the regular "
836 "expression and prints out the package name and the short description, "
837 "including virtual package names. If <option>--full</option> is given then "
838 "output identical to <literal>show</literal> is produced for each matched "
839 "package, and if <option>--names-only</option> is given then the long "
840 "description is not searched, only the package name is."
843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
844 #: apt-cache.8.xml:181
846 "Separate arguments can be used to specify multiple search patterns that are "
850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
851 #: apt-cache.8.xml:186
853 "<literal>depends</literal> shows a listing of each dependency a package has "
854 "and all the possible other packages that can fulfill that dependency."
857 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
858 #: apt-cache.8.xml:191
860 "<literal>rdepends</literal> shows a listing of each reverse dependency a "
864 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
865 #: apt-cache.8.xml:195
867 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-prefix;</replaceable></optional>"
870 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
872 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
873 #: apt-cache.8.xml:196
875 "This command prints the name of each package APT knows. The optional "
876 "argument is a prefix match to filter the name list. The output is suitable "
877 "for use in a shell tab complete function and the output is generated "
878 "extremely quickly. This command is best used with the <option>--generate</"
882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
883 #: apt-cache.8.xml:201
885 "Note that a package which APT knows of is not necessarily available to "
886 "download, installable or installed, e.g. virtual packages are also listed in "
887 "the generated list."
890 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
891 #: apt-cache.8.xml:207
893 "<literal>dotty</literal> takes a list of packages on the command line and "
894 "generates output suitable for use by dotty from the <ulink url=\"http://www."
895 "research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/\">GraphViz</ulink> package. The result "
896 "will be a set of nodes and edges representing the relationships between the "
897 "packages. By default the given packages will trace out all dependent "
898 "packages; this can produce a very large graph. To limit the output to only "
899 "the packages listed on the command line, set the <literal>APT::Cache::"
900 "GivenOnly</literal> option."
903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
904 #: apt-cache.8.xml:216
906 "The resulting nodes will have several shapes; normal packages are boxes, "
907 "pure provides are triangles, mixed provides are diamonds, missing packages "
908 "are hexagons. Orange boxes mean recursion was stopped [leaf packages], blue "
909 "lines are pre-depends, green lines are conflicts."
912 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
913 #: apt-cache.8.xml:221
914 msgid "Caution, dotty cannot graph larger sets of packages."
917 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
918 #: apt-cache.8.xml:225
920 "The same as <literal>dotty</literal>, only for xvcg from the <ulink url="
921 "\"http://rw4.cs.uni-sb.de/users/sander/html/gsvcg1.html\">VCG tool</ulink>."
924 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
925 #: apt-cache.8.xml:229
927 msgid "<optional><replaceable>&synopsis-pkg;</replaceable>…</optional>"
930 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
932 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
933 #: apt-cache.8.xml:230
935 "<literal>policy</literal> is meant to help debug issues relating to the "
936 "preferences file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each "
937 "source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the priority "
938 "selection of the named package."
941 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
942 #: apt-cache.8.xml:237
944 "<literal>apt-cache</literal>'s <literal>madison</literal> command attempts "
945 "to mimic the output format and a subset of the functionality of the Debian "
946 "archive management tool, <literal>madison</literal>. It displays available "
947 "versions of a package in a tabular format. Unlike the original "
948 "<literal>madison</literal>, it can only display information for the "
949 "architecture for which APT has retrieved package lists (<literal>APT::"
950 "Architecture</literal>)."
953 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
954 #: apt-cache.8.xml:248 apt-config.8.xml:84 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:52
955 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:504 apt-get.8.xml:259 apt-mark.8.xml:108
956 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:48
960 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
961 #: apt-cache.8.xml:253
963 "Select the file to store the package cache. The package cache is the primary "
964 "cache used by all operations. Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::"
965 "pkgcache</literal>."
968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
969 #: apt-cache.8.xml:259
971 "Select the file to store the source cache. The source is used only by "
972 "<literal>gencaches</literal> and it stores a parsed version of the package "
973 "information from remote sources. When building the package cache the source "
974 "cache is used to avoid reparsing all of the package files. Configuration "
975 "Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache</literal>."
978 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
979 #: apt-cache.8.xml:267
981 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
982 "More q's will produce more quietness up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
983 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quietness level, overriding the "
984 "configuration file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
987 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
988 #: apt-cache.8.xml:274
990 "Print only important dependencies; for use with unmet and depends. Causes "
991 "only Depends and Pre-Depends relations to be printed. Configuration Item: "
992 "<literal>APT::Cache::Important</literal>."
995 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
996 #: apt-cache.8.xml:287
998 "Per default the <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> "
999 "print all dependencies. This can be tweaked with these flags which will omit "
1000 "the specified dependency type. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1001 "Show<replaceable>DependencyType</replaceable></literal> e.g. <literal>APT::"
1002 "Cache::ShowRecommends</literal>."
1005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1006 #: apt-cache.8.xml:294
1008 "Print full package records when searching. Configuration Item: "
1009 "<literal>APT::Cache::ShowFull</literal>."
1012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1013 #: apt-cache.8.xml:299
1015 "Print full records for all available versions. This is the default; to turn "
1016 "it off, use <option>--no-all-versions</option>. If <option>--no-all-"
1017 "versions</option> is specified, only the candidate version will displayed "
1018 "(the one which would be selected for installation). This option is only "
1019 "applicable to the <literal>show</literal> command. Configuration Item: "
1020 "<literal>APT::Cache::AllVersions</literal>."
1023 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1024 #: apt-cache.8.xml:308
1026 "Perform automatic package cache regeneration, rather than use the cache as "
1027 "it is. This is the default; to turn it off, use <option>--no-generate</"
1028 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::Generate</literal>."
1031 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1032 #: apt-cache.8.xml:314
1034 "Only search on the package names, not the long descriptions. Configuration "
1035 "Item: <literal>APT::Cache::NamesOnly</literal>."
1038 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1039 #: apt-cache.8.xml:319
1041 "Make <literal>pkgnames</literal> print all names, including virtual packages "
1042 "and missing dependencies. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Cache::"
1043 "AllNames</literal>."
1046 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1047 #: apt-cache.8.xml:325
1049 "Make <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</literal> recursive so "
1050 "that all packages mentioned are printed once. Configuration Item: "
1051 "<literal>APT::Cache::RecurseDepends</literal>."
1054 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1055 #: apt-cache.8.xml:332
1057 "Limit the output of <literal>depends</literal> and <literal>rdepends</"
1058 "literal> to packages which are currently installed. Configuration Item: "
1059 "<literal>APT::Cache::Installed</literal>."
1062 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1063 #: apt-cache.8.xml:342 apt-get.8.xml:519 apt-key.8.xml:174 apt-mark.8.xml:125
1064 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1118 apt_preferences.5.xml:698
1068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1069 #: apt-cache.8.xml:349 apt-cdrom.8.xml:144 apt-config.8.xml:109
1070 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:70 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:607 apt-get.8.xml:529
1071 #: apt-key.8.xml:195 apt-mark.8.xml:131 apt-secure.8.xml:192
1072 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:63 apt.conf.5.xml:1124 apt_preferences.5.xml:705
1073 #: sources.list.5.xml:252
1076 msgstr "Consulte também"
1078 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1079 #: apt-cache.8.xml:350
1080 msgid "&apt-conf;, &sources-list;, &apt-get;"
1083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1084 #: apt-cache.8.xml:354 apt-cdrom.8.xml:149 apt-config.8.xml:114
1085 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:74 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:611 apt-get.8.xml:535
1086 #: apt-mark.8.xml:135 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:67
1090 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1091 #: apt-cache.8.xml:355
1093 "<command>apt-cache</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1097 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1098 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:32
1099 msgid "APT CDROM management utility"
1102 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1103 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:38
1105 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> is used to add a new CDROM to APTs list of "
1106 "available sources. <command>apt-cdrom</command> takes care of determining "
1107 "the structure of the disc as well as correcting for several possible mis-"
1108 "burns and verifying the index files."
1111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1112 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:45
1114 "It is necessary to use <command>apt-cdrom</command> to add CDs to the APT "
1115 "system, it cannot be done by hand. Furthermore each disk in a multi-cd set "
1116 "must be inserted and scanned separately to account for possible mis-burns."
1119 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1120 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:56
1122 "<literal>add</literal> is used to add a new disc to the source list. It will "
1123 "unmount the CDROM device, prompt for a disk to be inserted and then proceed "
1124 "to scan it and copy the index files. If the disc does not have a proper "
1125 "<filename>disk</filename> directory you will be prompted for a descriptive "
1129 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1130 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:64
1132 "APT uses a CDROM ID to track which disc is currently in the drive and "
1133 "maintains a database of these IDs in <filename>&statedir;/cdroms.list</"
1137 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1138 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:72
1140 "A debugging tool to report the identity of the current disc as well as the "
1144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1145 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:80 apt-key.8.xml:160
1149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1150 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:85
1152 "Mount point; specify the location to mount the cdrom. This mount point must "
1153 "be listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and properly configured. "
1154 "Configuration Item: <literal>Acquire::cdrom::mount</literal>."
1157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1158 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:94
1160 "Rename a disc; change the label of a disk or override the disks given label. "
1161 "This option will cause <command>apt-cdrom</command> to prompt for a new "
1162 "label. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Rename</literal>."
1165 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1166 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:103
1168 "No mounting; prevent <command>apt-cdrom</command> from mounting and "
1169 "unmounting the mount point. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::"
1170 "NoMount</literal>."
1173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1174 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:111
1176 "Fast Copy; Assume the package files are valid and do not check every "
1177 "package. This option should be used only if <command>apt-cdrom</command> has "
1178 "been run on this disc before and did not detect any errors. Configuration "
1179 "Item: <literal>APT::CDROM::Fast</literal>."
1182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1183 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:121
1185 "Thorough Package Scan; This option may be needed with some old Debian "
1186 "1.1/1.2 discs that have Package files in strange places. It takes much "
1187 "longer to scan the CD but will pick them all up."
1190 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1191 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:132
1193 "No Changes; Do not change the &sources-list; file and do not write index "
1194 "files. Everything is still checked however. Configuration Item: "
1195 "<literal>APT::CDROM::NoAct</literal>."
1198 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1199 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:145
1201 msgid "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;"
1202 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
1204 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1205 #: apt-cdrom.8.xml:150
1207 "<command>apt-cdrom</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1211 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1212 #: apt-config.8.xml:33
1213 msgid "APT Configuration Query program"
1216 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1217 #: apt-config.8.xml:39
1219 "<command>apt-config</command> is an internal program used by various "
1220 "portions of the APT suite to provide consistent configurability. It accesses "
1221 "the main configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> in a "
1222 "manner that is easy to use by scripted applications."
1225 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1226 #: apt-config.8.xml:51
1228 "shell is used to access the configuration information from a shell script. "
1229 "It is given pairs of arguments, the first being a shell variable and the "
1230 "second the configuration value to query. As output it lists a series of "
1231 "shell assignments commands for each present value. In a shell script it "
1232 "should be used like:"
1235 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><informalexample><programlisting>
1236 #: apt-config.8.xml:59
1240 "RES=`apt-config shell OPTS MyApp::options`\n"
1244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1245 #: apt-config.8.xml:64
1247 "This will set the shell environment variable $OPTS to the value of MyApp::"
1248 "options with a default of <option>-f</option>."
1251 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1252 #: apt-config.8.xml:68
1254 "The configuration item may be postfixed with a /[fdbi]. f returns file "
1255 "names, d returns directories, b returns true or false and i returns an "
1256 "integer. Each of the returns is normalized and verified internally."
1259 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1260 #: apt-config.8.xml:77
1261 msgid "Just show the contents of the configuration space."
1264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1265 #: apt-config.8.xml:90
1267 "Include options which have an empty value. This is the default, so use --no-"
1268 "empty to remove them from the output."
1271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term><option><replaceable>
1272 #: apt-config.8.xml:95
1273 msgid "%f "%v";%n"
1276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1277 #: apt-config.8.xml:96
1279 "Defines the output of each config option. %t will be replaced with "
1280 "the name of the option, %f with the complete optionname and %v "
1281 "with the value of the option. Use uppercase letters and special characters "
1282 "in the value will be encoded to ensure that it can e.g. be savely used in a "
1283 "quoted-string as defined by RFC822. Additionally %n will be replaced "
1284 "by a newline, %N by a tab. A % can be printed by using %"
1288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1289 #: apt-config.8.xml:110 apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:71 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:608
1290 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:64
1298 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1299 #: apt-config.8.xml:115
1301 "<command>apt-config</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 "
1305 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
1306 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:26 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:26 apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:26
1310 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1311 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:33
1312 msgid "Utility to extract DebConf config and templates from Debian packages"
1315 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1316 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:39
1318 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> will take one or more Debian package "
1319 "files as input and write out (to a temporary directory) all associated "
1320 "config scripts and template files. For each passed in package that contains "
1321 "config scripts and templates, one line of output will be generated in the "
1325 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1326 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:44
1327 msgid "package version template-file config-script"
1330 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1331 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:45
1333 "template-file and config-script are written to the temporary directory "
1334 "specified by the <option>-t</option> or <option>--tempdir</option> "
1335 "(<literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::TempDir</literal>) directory, with "
1336 "filenames of the form <filename>package.template.XXXX</filename> and "
1337 "<filename>package.config.XXXX</filename>"
1340 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1341 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:58
1343 "Temporary directory in which to write extracted debconf template files and "
1344 "config scripts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::ExtractTemplates::"
1348 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1349 #: apt-extracttemplates.1.xml:75
1351 "<command>apt-extracttemplates</command> returns zero on normal operation, "
1352 "decimal 100 on error."
1355 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
1356 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:33
1357 msgid "Utility to generate index files"
1360 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1361 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:39
1363 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is the command line tool that generates "
1364 "the index files that APT uses to access a distribution source. The index "
1365 "files should be generated on the origin site based on the content of that "
1369 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1370 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:43
1372 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> is a superset of the &dpkg-scanpackages; "
1373 "program, incorporating its entire functionality via the <literal>packages</"
1374 "literal> command. It also contains a contents file generator, "
1375 "<literal>contents</literal>, and an elaborate means to 'script' the "
1376 "generation process for a complete archive."
1379 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1380 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:49
1382 "Internally <command>apt-ftparchive</command> can make use of binary "
1383 "databases to cache the contents of a .deb file and it does not rely on any "
1384 "external programs aside from &gzip;. When doing a full generate it "
1385 "automatically performs file-change checks and builds the desired compressed "
1389 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1390 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:60
1392 "The packages command generates a package file from a directory tree. It "
1393 "takes the given directory and recursively searches it for .deb files, "
1394 "emitting a package record to stdout for each. This command is approximately "
1395 "equivalent to &dpkg-scanpackages;."
1398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1399 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:65 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:89
1401 "The option <option>--db</option> can be used to specify a binary caching DB."
1404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1405 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:70
1407 "The <literal>sources</literal> command generates a source index file from a "
1408 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1409 "for .dsc files, emitting a source record to stdout for each. This command is "
1410 "approximately equivalent to &dpkg-scansources;."
1413 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1414 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:75
1416 "If an override file is specified then a source override file will be looked "
1417 "for with an extension of .src. The --source-override option can be used to "
1418 "change the source override file that will be used."
1421 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1422 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:82
1424 "The <literal>contents</literal> command generates a contents file from a "
1425 "directory tree. It takes the given directory and recursively searches it "
1426 "for .deb files, and reads the file list from each file. It then sorts and "
1427 "writes to stdout the list of files matched to packages. Directories are not "
1428 "written to the output. If multiple packages own the same file then each "
1429 "package is separated by a comma in the output."
1432 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1433 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:94
1435 "The <literal>release</literal> command generates a Release file from a "
1436 "directory tree. It recursively searches the given directory for uncompressed "
1437 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Sources</filename> files and the "
1438 "ones compressed with <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command> or "
1439 "<command>lzma</command> as well as <filename>Release</filename> and "
1440 "<filename>md5sum.txt</filename> files by default (<literal>APT::FTPArchive::"
1441 "Release::Default-Patterns</literal>). Additional filename patterns can be "
1442 "added by listing them in <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Patterns</"
1443 "literal>. It then writes to stdout a Release file containing a MD5, SHA1 "
1444 "and SHA256 digest for each file."
1447 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1448 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:104
1450 "Values for the additional metadata fields in the Release file are taken from "
1451 "the corresponding variables under <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release</"
1452 "literal>, e.g. <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin</literal>. The "
1453 "supported fields are: <literal>Origin</literal>, <literal>Label</literal>, "
1454 "<literal>Suite</literal>, <literal>Version</literal>, <literal>Codename</"
1455 "literal>, <literal>Date</literal>, <literal>Valid-Until</literal>, "
1456 "<literal>Architectures</literal>, <literal>Components</literal>, "
1457 "<literal>Description</literal>."
1460 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1461 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:117
1463 "The <literal>generate</literal> command is designed to be runnable from a "
1464 "cron script and builds indexes according to the given config file. The "
1465 "config language provides a flexible means of specifying which index files "
1466 "are built from which directories, as well as providing a simple means of "
1467 "maintaining the required settings."
1470 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1471 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:126
1473 "The <literal>clean</literal> command tidies the databases used by the given "
1474 "configuration file by removing any records that are no longer necessary."
1477 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1478 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:132
1479 msgid "The Generate Configuration"
1482 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1483 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:134
1485 "The <literal>generate</literal> command uses a configuration file to "
1486 "describe the archives that are going to be generated. It follows the typical "
1487 "ISC configuration format as seen in ISC tools like bind 8 and dhcpd. &apt-"
1488 "conf; contains a description of the syntax. Note that the generate "
1489 "configuration is parsed in sectional manner, but &apt-conf; is parsed in a "
1490 "tree manner. This only effects how the scope tag is handled."
1493 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1494 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:142
1496 "The generate configuration has 4 separate sections, each described below."
1499 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1500 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:144
1502 msgid "<literal>Dir</literal> Section"
1503 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
1505 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1506 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:146
1508 "The <literal>Dir</literal> section defines the standard directories needed "
1509 "to locate the files required during the generation process. These "
1510 "directories are prepended certain relative paths defined in later sections "
1511 "to produce a complete an absolute path."
1514 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1515 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:153
1517 "Specifies the root of the FTP archive, in a standard Debian configuration "
1518 "this is the directory that contains the <filename>ls-LR</filename> and dist "
1522 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1523 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:160
1524 msgid "Specifies the location of the override files."
1527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1528 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:165
1529 msgid "Specifies the location of the cache files"
1532 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1533 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:170
1535 "Specifies the location of the file list files, if the <literal>FileList</"
1536 "literal> setting is used below."
1539 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1540 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:176
1542 msgid "<literal>Default</literal> Section"
1543 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1545 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1546 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:178
1548 "The <literal>Default</literal> section specifies default values, and "
1549 "settings that control the operation of the generator. Other sections may "
1550 "override these defaults with a per-section setting."
1553 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1554 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:184
1556 "Sets the default compression schemes to use for the Package index files. It "
1557 "is a string that contains a space separated list of at least one of: '.' (no "
1558 "compression), 'gzip' and 'bzip2'. The default for all compression schemes is "
1562 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1563 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:192
1565 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are package files. This "
1566 "defaults to '.deb'."
1569 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1570 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:198
1572 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1573 "controls the compression for the Sources files."
1576 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1577 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:204
1579 "Sets the default list of file extensions that are source files. This "
1580 "defaults to '.dsc'."
1583 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1584 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:210
1586 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1587 "controls the compression for the Contents files."
1590 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1591 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:216
1593 "This is similar to <literal>Packages::Compress</literal> except that it "
1594 "controls the compression for the Translation-en master file."
1597 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1598 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:222
1600 "Specifies the number of kilobytes to delink (and replace with hard links) "
1601 "per run. This is used in conjunction with the per-section <literal>External-"
1602 "Links</literal> setting."
1605 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1606 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:229
1608 "Specifies the mode of all created index files. It defaults to 0644. All "
1609 "index files are set to this mode with no regard to the umask."
1612 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1613 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:236 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:382
1615 "Sets if long descriptions should be included in the Packages file or split "
1616 "out into a master Translation-en file."
1619 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1620 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:242
1622 msgid "<literal>TreeDefault</literal> Section"
1623 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1625 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1626 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:244
1628 "Sets defaults specific to <literal>Tree</literal> sections. All of these "
1629 "variables are substitution variables and have the strings $(DIST), "
1630 "$(SECTION) and $(ARCH) replaced with their respective values."
1633 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1634 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:251
1636 "Sets the number of kilobytes of contents files that are generated each day. "
1637 "The contents files are round-robined so that over several days they will all "
1641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1642 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:258
1644 "Controls the number of days a contents file is allowed to be checked without "
1645 "changing. If this limit is passed the mtime of the contents file is updated. "
1646 "This case can occur if the package file is changed in such a way that does "
1647 "not result in a new contents file [override edit for instance]. A hold off "
1648 "is allowed in hopes that new .debs will be installed, requiring a new file "
1649 "anyhow. The default is 10, the units are in days."
1652 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1653 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:269
1655 "Sets the top of the .deb directory tree. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1656 "$(SECTION)/binary-$(ARCH)/</filename>"
1659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1660 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:275
1662 "Sets the top of the source package directory tree. Defaults to <filename>"
1663 "$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/source/</filename>"
1666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1667 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:281
1669 "Sets the output Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1670 "binary-$(ARCH)/Packages</filename>"
1673 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1674 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:287
1676 "Sets the output Sources file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/"
1677 "source/Sources</filename>"
1680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1681 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:293
1683 "Set the output Translation-en master file with the long descriptions if they "
1684 "should be not included in the Packages file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/"
1685 "$(SECTION)/i18n/Translation-en</filename>"
1688 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1689 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:300
1691 "Sets the path prefix that causes a symlink to be considered an internal link "
1692 "instead of an external link. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/$(SECTION)/</"
1696 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1697 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:307
1699 "Sets the output Contents file. Defaults to <filename>$(DIST)/Contents-$(ARCH)"
1700 "</filename>. If this setting causes multiple Packages files to map onto a "
1701 "single Contents file (such as the default) then <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1702 "command> will integrate those package files together automatically."
1705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1706 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:316
1707 msgid "Sets header file to prepend to the contents output."
1710 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1711 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:321
1713 "Sets the binary cache database to use for this section. Multiple sections "
1714 "can share the same database."
1717 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1718 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:327
1720 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1721 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1722 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory."
1725 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1726 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:334
1728 "Specifies that instead of walking the directory tree, <command>apt-"
1729 "ftparchive</command> should read the list of files from the given file. "
1730 "Relative files names are prefixed with the archive directory. This is used "
1731 "when processing source indexes."
1734 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1735 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:342
1737 msgid "<literal>Tree</literal> Section"
1738 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
1740 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1741 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:344
1743 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section defines a standard Debian file tree "
1744 "which consists of a base directory, then multiple sections in that base "
1745 "directory and finally multiple Architectures in each section. The exact "
1746 "pathing used is defined by the <literal>Directory</literal> substitution "
1750 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1751 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:349
1753 "The <literal>Tree</literal> section takes a scope tag which sets the "
1754 "<literal>$(DIST)</literal> variable and defines the root of the tree (the "
1755 "path is prefixed by <literal>ArchiveDir</literal>). Typically this is a "
1756 "setting such as <filename>dists/&stable-codename;</filename>."
1759 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1760 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:354
1762 "All of the settings defined in the <literal>TreeDefault</literal> section "
1763 "can be use in a <literal>Tree</literal> section as well as three new "
1767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
1768 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:360
1771 "for i in Sections do \n"
1772 " for j in Architectures do\n"
1773 " Generate for DIST=scope SECTION=i ARCH=j\n"
1777 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1778 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:357
1780 "When processing a <literal>Tree</literal> section <command>apt-ftparchive</"
1781 "command> performs an operation similar to: <placeholder type=\"programlisting"
1785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1786 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:368
1788 "This is a space separated list of sections which appear under the "
1789 "distribution, typically this is something like <literal>main contrib non-"
1793 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1794 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:375
1796 "This is a space separated list of all the architectures that appear under "
1797 "search section. The special architecture 'source' is used to indicate that "
1798 "this tree has a source archive."
1801 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1802 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:388
1804 "Sets the binary override file. The override file contains section, priority "
1805 "and maintainer address information."
1808 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1809 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:394
1811 "Sets the source override file. The override file contains section "
1815 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1816 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:400 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:446
1817 msgid "Sets the binary extra override file."
1820 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1821 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:405 apt-ftparchive.1.xml:451
1822 msgid "Sets the source extra override file."
1825 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
1826 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:410
1828 msgid "<literal>BinDirectory</literal> Section"
1829 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
1831 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
1832 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:412
1834 "The <literal>bindirectory</literal> section defines a binary directory tree "
1835 "with no special structure. The scope tag specifies the location of the "
1836 "binary directory and the settings are similar to the <literal>Tree</literal> "
1837 "section with no substitution variables or <literal>Section</"
1838 "literal><literal>Architecture</literal> settings."
1841 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1842 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:420
1843 msgid "Sets the Packages file output."
1846 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1847 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:425
1849 "Sets the Sources file output. At least one of <literal>Packages</literal> or "
1850 "<literal>Sources</literal> is required."
1853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1854 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:431
1855 msgid "Sets the Contents file output. (optional)"
1858 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1859 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:436
1860 msgid "Sets the binary override file."
1863 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1864 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:441
1865 msgid "Sets the source override file."
1868 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1869 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:456
1870 msgid "Sets the cache DB."
1873 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1874 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:461
1875 msgid "Appends a path to all the output paths."
1878 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1879 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:466
1880 msgid "Specifies the file list file."
1883 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1884 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:473
1885 msgid "The Binary Override File"
1888 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1889 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:474
1891 "The binary override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scanpackages;. It "
1892 "contains 4 fields separated by spaces. The first field is the package name, "
1893 "the second is the priority to force that package to, the third is the the "
1894 "section to force that package to and the final field is the maintainer "
1895 "permutation field."
1898 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1899 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:480
1901 msgid "old [// oldn]* => new"
1904 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
1905 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:482
1910 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1911 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:479
1913 "The general form of the maintainer field is: <placeholder type="
1914 "\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> or simply, <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
1915 "id=\"1\"/> The first form allows a double-slash separated list of old email "
1916 "addresses to be specified. If any of those are found then new is substituted "
1917 "for the maintainer field. The second form unconditionally substitutes the "
1921 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1922 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:490
1923 msgid "The Source Override File"
1926 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1927 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:492
1929 "The source override file is fully compatible with &dpkg-scansources;. It "
1930 "contains 2 fields separated by spaces. The first fields is the source "
1931 "package name, the second is the section to assign it."
1934 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
1935 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:497
1936 msgid "The Extra Override File"
1939 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
1940 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:499
1942 "The extra override file allows any arbitrary tag to be added or replaced in "
1943 "the output. It has 3 columns, the first is the package, the second is the "
1944 "tag and the remainder of the line is the new value."
1947 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1948 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:510
1950 "Generate the given checksum. These options default to on, when turned off "
1951 "the generated index files will not have the checksum fields where possible. "
1952 "Configuration Items: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Checksum</"
1953 "replaceable></literal> and <literal>APT::FTPArchive::<replaceable>Index</"
1954 "replaceable>::<replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> where "
1955 "<literal><replaceable>Index</replaceable></literal> can be "
1956 "<literal>Packages</literal>, <literal>Sources</literal> or <literal>Release</"
1957 "literal> and <literal><replaceable>Checksum</replaceable></literal> can be "
1958 "<literal>MD5</literal>, <literal>SHA1</literal> or <literal>SHA256</literal>."
1961 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1962 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:521
1964 "Use a binary caching DB. This has no effect on the generate command. "
1965 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DB</literal>."
1968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1969 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:527
1971 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
1972 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
1973 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
1974 "file. Configuration Item: <literal>quiet</literal>."
1977 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1978 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:535
1980 "Perform Delinking. If the <literal>External-Links</literal> setting is used "
1981 "then this option actually enables delinking of the files. It defaults to on "
1982 "and can be turned off with <option>--no-delink</option>. Configuration "
1983 "Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::DeLinkAct</literal>."
1986 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1987 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:543
1989 "Perform contents generation. When this option is set and package indexes are "
1990 "being generated with a cache DB then the file listing will also be extracted "
1991 "and stored in the DB for later use. When using the generate command this "
1992 "option also allows the creation of any Contents files. The default is on. "
1993 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Contents</literal>."
1996 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
1997 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:553
1999 "Select the source override file to use with the <literal>sources</literal> "
2000 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::SourceOverride</"
2004 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2005 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:559
2007 "Make the caching databases read only. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
2008 "FTPArchive::ReadOnlyDB</literal>."
2011 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2012 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:564
2014 "Accept in the <literal>packages</literal> and <literal>contents</literal> "
2015 "commands only package files matching <literal>*_arch.deb</literal> or "
2016 "<literal>*_all.deb</literal> instead of all package files in the given "
2017 "path. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::FTPArchive::Architecture</literal>."
2020 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2021 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:572
2023 "&apt-ftparchive; caches as much as possible of metadata in a cachedb. If "
2024 "packages are recompiled and/or republished with the same version again, this "
2025 "will lead to problems as the now outdated cached metadata like size and "
2026 "checksums will be used. With this option enabled this will no longer happen "
2027 "as it will be checked if the file was changed. Note that this option is set "
2028 "to \"<literal>false</literal>\" by default as it is not recommend to upload "
2029 "multiply versions/builds of a package with the same versionnumber, so in "
2030 "theory nobody will have these problems and therefore all these extra checks "
2034 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2035 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:584
2037 "This configuration option defaults to \"<literal>true</literal>\" and should "
2038 "only be set to <literal>\"false\"</literal> if the Archive generated with "
2039 "&apt-ftparchive; also provides <filename>Translation</filename> files. Note "
2040 "that the <filename>Translation-en</filename> master file can only be created "
2041 "in the generate command."
2044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2045 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:596 apt.conf.5.xml:1112 apt_preferences.5.xml:545
2046 #: sources.list.5.xml:211
2051 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><programlisting>
2052 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:602
2054 msgid "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> packages <replaceable>directory</replaceable> | <command>gzip</command> > <filename>Packages.gz</filename>\n"
2057 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2058 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:598
2060 "To create a compressed Packages file for a directory containing binary "
2061 "packages (.deb): <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
2064 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2065 #: apt-ftparchive.1.xml:612
2067 "<command>apt-ftparchive</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
2071 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2073 msgid "APT package handling utility -- command-line interface"
2076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2079 "<command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, "
2080 "and may be considered the user's \"back-end\" to other tools using the APT "
2081 "library. Several \"front-end\" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;, "
2082 "&aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;."
2085 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2088 "<literal>update</literal> is used to resynchronize the package index files "
2089 "from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the "
2090 "location(s) specified in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. For "
2091 "example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the "
2092 "<filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, so that information about new and "
2093 "updated packages is available. An <literal>update</literal> should always be "
2094 "performed before an <literal>upgrade</literal> or <literal>dist-upgrade</"
2095 "literal>. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect "
2096 "as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance."
2099 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2102 "<literal>upgrade</literal> is used to install the newest versions of all "
2103 "packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in "
2104 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>. Packages currently installed "
2105 "with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no "
2106 "circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not "
2107 "already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently "
2108 "installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install "
2109 "status of another package will be left at their current version. An "
2110 "<literal>update</literal> must be performed first so that <command>apt-get</"
2111 "command> knows that new versions of packages are available."
2114 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2117 "<literal>dselect-upgrade</literal> is used in conjunction with the "
2118 "traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. <literal>dselect-upgrade</"
2119 "literal> follows the changes made by &dselect; to the <literal>Status</"
2120 "literal> field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to "
2121 "realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of "
2125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2128 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> in addition to performing the function of "
2129 "<literal>upgrade</literal>, also intelligently handles changing dependencies "
2130 "with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a \"smart\" "
2131 "conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most "
2132 "important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. So, "
2133 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages. The "
2134 "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations "
2135 "from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-preferences; "
2136 "for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual packages."
2139 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2142 "<literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for "
2143 "installation or upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully "
2144 "qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system, libc6 would "
2145 "be the argument provided, not <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All "
2146 "packages required by the package(s) specified for installation will also be "
2147 "retrieved and installed. The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> "
2148 "file is used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the "
2149 "package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
2150 "removed if it is installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate "
2151 "a package to install. These latter features may be used to override "
2152 "decisions made by apt-get's conflict resolution system."
2155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2156 #: apt-get.8.xml:116
2158 "A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by "
2159 "following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to "
2160 "select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. "
2161 "Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the "
2162 "package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive "
2163 "name (stable, testing, unstable)."
2166 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2167 #: apt-get.8.xml:123
2169 "Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be "
2173 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2174 #: apt-get.8.xml:126
2176 "This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-"
2177 "installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. "
2178 "Unlike the \"upgrade\" target, which installs the newest version of all "
2179 "currently installed packages, \"install\" will install the newest version of "
2180 "only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) "
2181 "you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its "
2182 "dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed."
2185 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2186 #: apt-get.8.xml:137
2188 "Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative "
2189 "installation policy for individual packages."
2192 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2193 #: apt-get.8.xml:141
2195 "If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one "
2196 "of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and "
2197 "it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then "
2198 "installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' "
2199 "matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular "
2200 "expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular "
2204 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2205 #: apt-get.8.xml:151
2207 "<literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except "
2208 "that packages are removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package "
2209 "leaves its configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the "
2210 "package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be "
2211 "installed instead of removed."
2214 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2215 #: apt-get.8.xml:159
2217 "<literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except "
2218 "that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted "
2222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2223 #: apt-get.8.xml:164
2225 "<literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source "
2226 "packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source "
2227 "package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory "
2228 "the newest available version of that source package while respecting the "
2229 "default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</"
2230 "literal>, the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the "
2231 "<literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible."
2234 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2235 #: apt-get.8.xml:172
2237 "Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-"
2238 "src</literal> type lines in the &sources-list; file. This means that you "
2239 "will need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources "
2240 "from. If you don't do this you will properly get another (newer, older or "
2241 "none) source version than the one you have installed or could install."
2244 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2245 #: apt-get.8.xml:179
2247 "If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified then the package will "
2248 "be compiled to a binary .deb using <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command> for "
2249 "the architecture as defined by the <command>--host-architecture</command> "
2250 "option. If <option>--download-only</option> is specified then the source "
2251 "package will not be unpacked."
2254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2255 #: apt-get.8.xml:186
2257 "A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name "
2258 "with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used "
2259 "for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package "
2260 "name and version, implicitly enabling the <literal>APT::Get::Only-Source</"
2264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2265 #: apt-get.8.xml:192
2267 "Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages, they exist "
2268 "only in the current directory and are similar to downloading source tar "
2272 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2273 #: apt-get.8.xml:198
2275 "<literal>build-dep</literal> causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an "
2276 "attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default "
2277 "the dependencies are satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a "
2278 "host-architecture can be specified with the <option>--host-architecture</"
2279 "option> option instead."
2282 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2283 #: apt-get.8.xml:205
2285 "<literal>check</literal> is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache "
2286 "and checks for broken dependencies."
2289 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2290 #: apt-get.8.xml:210
2292 "<literal>download</literal> will download the given binary package into the "
2293 "current directory."
2296 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2297 #: apt-get.8.xml:216
2299 "<literal>clean</literal> clears out the local repository of retrieved "
2300 "package files. It removes everything but the lock file from "
2301 "<filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename> and <filename>&cachedir;/archives/"
2302 "partial/</filename>. When APT is used as a &dselect; method, <literal>clean</"
2303 "literal> is run automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely "
2304 "want to run <literal>apt-get clean</literal> from time to time to free up "
2308 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2309 #: apt-get.8.xml:226
2311 "Like <literal>clean</literal>, <literal>autoclean</literal> clears out the "
2312 "local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only "
2313 "removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely "
2314 "useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it "
2315 "growing out of control. The configuration option <literal>APT::Clean-"
2316 "Installed</literal> will prevent installed packages from being erased if it "
2320 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2321 #: apt-get.8.xml:236
2323 "<literal>autoremove</literal> is used to remove packages that were "
2324 "automatically installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are "
2325 "now no longer needed."
2328 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2329 #: apt-get.8.xml:241
2331 "<literal>changelog</literal> downloads a package changelog and displays it "
2332 "through <command>sensible-pager</command>. The server name and base "
2333 "directory is defined in the <literal>APT::Changelogs::Server</literal> "
2334 "variable (e. g. <ulink url=\"http://packages.debian.org/changelogs"
2335 "\">packages.debian.org/changelogs</ulink> for Debian or <ulink url=\"http://"
2336 "changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs\">changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs</ulink> "
2337 "for Ubuntu). By default it displays the changelog for the version that is "
2338 "installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the "
2339 "<option>install</option> command."
2342 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2343 #: apt-get.8.xml:264
2345 "Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. "
2346 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>."
2349 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2350 #: apt-get.8.xml:269
2352 "Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration "
2353 "Item: <literal>APT::Install-Suggests</literal>."
2356 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2357 #: apt-get.8.xml:274
2359 "Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. "
2360 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>."
2363 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2364 #: apt-get.8.xml:279
2366 "Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This "
2367 "option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT "
2368 "to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to "
2369 "completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when "
2370 "running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package "
2371 "dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency "
2372 "structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually "
2373 "means using &dselect; or <command>dpkg --remove</command> to eliminate some "
2374 "of the offending packages). Use of this option together with <option>-m</"
2375 "option> may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: "
2376 "<literal>APT::Get::Fix-Broken</literal>."
2379 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2380 #: apt-get.8.xml:294
2382 "Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail the "
2383 "integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those "
2384 "packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with <option>-f</"
2385 "option> may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected "
2386 "for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and "
2387 "it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. "
2388 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Fix-Missing</literal>."
2391 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2392 #: apt-get.8.xml:305
2394 "Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with <option>--ignore-"
2395 "missing</option> to force APT to use only the .debs it has already "
2396 "downloaded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download</literal>."
2399 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2400 #: apt-get.8.xml:312
2402 "Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. "
2403 "More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use "
2404 "<option>-q=#</option> to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration "
2405 "file. Note that quiet level 2 implies <option>-y</option>, you should never "
2406 "use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT "
2407 "may decided to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: "
2408 "<literal>quiet</literal>."
2411 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2412 #: apt-get.8.xml:327
2414 "No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not "
2415 "actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2416 "Simulate</literal>."
2419 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2420 #: apt-get.8.xml:331
2422 "Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (<literal>Debug::NoLocking</"
2423 "literal>) automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this "
2424 "is only a simulation, if the option <literal>APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-"
2425 "Note</literal> is set (Default: true). Neither NoLocking nor the notice "
2426 "will be triggered if run as root (root should know what he is doing without "
2427 "further warnings by <literal>apt-get</literal>)."
2430 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2431 #: apt-get.8.xml:337
2433 "Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a dpkg "
2434 "operation, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets "
2435 "indicate broken packages and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks "
2436 "that are of no consequence (rare)."
2439 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2440 #: apt-get.8.xml:346
2442 "Automatic yes to prompts; assume \"yes\" as answer to all prompts and run "
2443 "non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held "
2444 "package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an "
2445 "essential package occurs then <literal>apt-get</literal> will abort. "
2446 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal>."
2449 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2450 #: apt-get.8.xml:354
2452 "Automatic \"no\" to all prompts. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2453 "Assume-No</literal>."
2456 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2457 #: apt-get.8.xml:359
2459 "Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be "
2460 "upgraded. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Show-Upgraded</literal>."
2463 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2464 #: apt-get.8.xml:365
2466 "Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: "
2467 "<literal>APT::Get::Show-Versions</literal>."
2470 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2471 #: apt-get.8.xml:371
2473 "This option controls the architecture packages are built for by <command>apt-"
2474 "get source --compile</command> and how cross-builddependencies are "
2475 "satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture "
2476 "is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by <literal>APT::"
2477 "Architecture</literal>). Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Host-"
2478 "Architecture</literal>"
2481 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2482 #: apt-get.8.xml:381
2484 "Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: "
2485 "<literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>."
2488 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2489 #: apt-get.8.xml:386
2491 "Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a "
2492 "hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with "
2493 "<literal>dist-upgrade</literal> to override a large number of undesired "
2494 "holds. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Ignore-Hold</literal>."
2497 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2498 #: apt-get.8.xml:393
2500 "Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2501 "literal>, <literal>no-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command "
2502 "line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: "
2503 "<literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>."
2506 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2507 #: apt-get.8.xml:400
2509 "Do not install new packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</"
2510 "literal>, <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will install upgrades for already "
2511 "installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. "
2512 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>."
2515 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2516 #: apt-get.8.xml:408
2518 "Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue "
2519 "without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should "
2520 "not be used except in very special situations. Using <literal>force-yes</"
2521 "literal> can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: "
2522 "<literal>APT::Get::force-yes</literal>."
2525 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2526 #: apt-get.8.xml:416
2528 "Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI "
2529 "will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected md5 "
2530 "hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file "
2531 "name on the remote site! This also works with the <literal>source</literal> "
2532 "and <literal>update</literal> commands. When used with the <literal>update</"
2533 "literal> command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user "
2534 "to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2535 "Print-URIs</literal>."
2538 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2539 #: apt-get.8.xml:427
2541 "Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk "
2542 "(\"*\") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. "
2543 "<option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the <option>purge</option> "
2544 "command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>."
2547 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2548 #: apt-get.8.xml:435
2550 "Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. "
2551 "Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::ReInstall</literal>."
2554 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2555 #: apt-get.8.xml:440
2557 "This option defaults to on, use <literal>--no-list-cleanup</literal> to turn "
2558 "it off. When on <command>apt-get</command> will automatically manage the "
2559 "contents of <filename>&statedir;/lists</filename> to ensure that obsolete "
2560 "files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently "
2561 "change your source list. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::List-"
2562 "Cleanup</literal>."
2565 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2566 #: apt-get.8.xml:451
2568 "This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates a "
2569 "default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This "
2570 "overrides the general settings in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
2571 "filename>. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of "
2572 "this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which "
2573 "distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be "
2574 "<option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> or <option>-t sid</"
2575 "option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see "
2576 "also the &apt-preferences; manual page."
2579 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2580 #: apt-get.8.xml:466
2582 "Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered "
2583 "related to <option>--assume-yes</option>, where <option>--assume-yes</"
2584 "option> will answer yes to any prompt, <option>--trivial-only</option> will "
2585 "answer no. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Trivial-Only</literal>."
2588 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2589 #: apt-get.8.xml:473
2591 "If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without "
2592 "prompting. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Remove</literal>."
2595 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2596 #: apt-get.8.xml:479
2598 "If the command is either <literal>install</literal> or <literal>remove</"
2599 "literal>, then this option acts like running <literal>autoremove</literal> "
2600 "command, removing the unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: "
2601 "<literal>APT::Get::AutomaticRemove</literal>."
2604 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2605 #: apt-get.8.xml:486
2607 "Only has meaning for the <literal>source</literal> and <literal>build-dep</"
2608 "literal> commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be "
2609 "mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is "
2610 "specified, these commands will only accept source package names as "
2611 "arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the "
2612 "corresponding source package. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-"
2616 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2617 #: apt-get.8.xml:497
2619 "Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration "
2620 "Item: <literal>APT::Get::Diff-Only</literal>, <literal>APT::Get::Dsc-Only</"
2621 "literal>, and <literal>APT::Get::Tar-Only</literal>."
2624 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2625 #: apt-get.8.xml:503
2627 "Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: "
2628 "<literal>APT::Get::Arch-Only</literal>."
2631 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2632 #: apt-get.8.xml:508
2634 "Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This "
2635 "is useful for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::"
2636 "AllowUnauthenticated</literal>."
2639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2640 #: apt-get.8.xml:530
2642 "&apt-cache;, &apt-cdrom;, &dpkg;, &dselect;, &sources-list;, &apt-conf;, "
2643 "&apt-config;, &apt-secure;, The APT User's guide in &guidesdir;, &apt-"
2644 "preferences;, the APT Howto."
2647 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2648 #: apt-get.8.xml:536
2650 "<command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on "
2654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2656 msgid "APT key management utility"
2659 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2662 "<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to "
2663 "authenticate packages. Packages which have been authenticated using these "
2664 "keys will be considered trusted."
2667 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2672 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2675 "Add a new key to the list of trusted keys. The key is read from the "
2676 "filename given with the parameter &synopsis-param-filename; or if the "
2677 "filename is <literal>-</literal> from standard input."
2680 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2682 msgid "Remove a key from the list of trusted keys."
2685 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2687 msgid "Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output."
2690 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2692 msgid "Output all trusted keys to standard output."
2695 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2697 msgid "List trusted keys."
2700 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2701 #: apt-key.8.xml:107
2702 msgid "List fingerprints of trusted keys."
2705 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2706 #: apt-key.8.xml:118
2708 "Pass advanced options to gpg. With adv --recv-key you can download the "
2712 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2713 #: apt-key.8.xml:130
2715 "Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from the local "
2716 "keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid. The archive keyring is "
2717 "shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your "
2718 "distribution, e.g. the <literal>debian-archive-keyring</literal> package in "
2722 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2723 #: apt-key.8.xml:144
2725 "Work similar to the <command>update</command> command above, but get the "
2726 "archive keyring from an URI instead and validate it against a master key. "
2727 "This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build configured to have a "
2728 "server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate. APT in Debian does "
2729 "not support this command and relies on <command>update</command> instead, "
2730 "but Ubuntu's APT does."
2733 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2734 #: apt-key.8.xml:161
2736 "Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the "
2740 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2741 #: apt-key.8.xml:164
2743 "With this option it is possible to specify a specific keyring file the "
2744 "command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed on the "
2745 "<filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the "
2746 "<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</"
2747 "filename> is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to "
2751 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2752 #: apt-key.8.xml:179
2754 msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/trustdb.gpg</filename>"
2755 msgstr "<filename>/etc/apt.conf</>"
2757 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2758 #: apt-key.8.xml:180
2759 msgid "Local trust database of archive keys."
2762 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2763 #: apt-key.8.xml:183
2764 msgid "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg</filename>"
2767 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2768 #: apt-key.8.xml:184
2769 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive trusted keys."
2772 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
2773 #: apt-key.8.xml:187
2775 "<filename>/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-removed-keys.gpg</filename>"
2778 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2779 #: apt-key.8.xml:188
2780 msgid "Keyring of Debian archive removed trusted keys."
2783 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2784 #: apt-key.8.xml:197
2786 msgid "&apt-get;, &apt-secure;"
2787 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
2789 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2790 #: apt-mark.8.xml:33
2791 msgid "mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed"
2794 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2795 #: apt-mark.8.xml:39
2797 "<command>apt-mark</command> will change whether a package has been marked as "
2798 "being automatically installed."
2801 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2802 #: apt-mark.8.xml:43
2804 "When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages "
2805 "are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies are marked as "
2806 "being automatically installed. Once these automatically installed packages "
2807 "are no longer depended on by any manually installed packages, they will be "
2808 "removed by e.g. <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</command>."
2811 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2812 #: apt-mark.8.xml:52
2814 "<literal>auto</literal> is used to mark a package as being automatically "
2815 "installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually "
2816 "installed packages depend on this package."
2819 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2820 #: apt-mark.8.xml:60
2822 "<literal>manual</literal> is used to mark a package as being manually "
2823 "installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed "
2824 "if no other packages depend on it."
2827 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2828 #: apt-mark.8.xml:68
2830 "<literal>hold</literal> is used to mark a package as hold back, which will "
2831 "prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or "
2832 "removed. The command is only a wrapper around <command>dpkg --set-"
2833 "selections</command> and the state is therefore maintained by &dpkg; and not "
2834 "effected by the <option>--filename</option> option."
2837 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2838 #: apt-mark.8.xml:78
2840 "<literal>unhold</literal> is used to cancel a previously set hold on a "
2841 "package to allow all actions again."
2844 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2845 #: apt-mark.8.xml:84
2847 "<literal>showauto</literal> is used to print a list of automatically "
2848 "installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically "
2849 "installed packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are "
2850 "given only those which are automatically installed will be shown."
2853 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2854 #: apt-mark.8.xml:92
2856 "<literal>showmanual</literal> can be used in the same way as "
2857 "<literal>showauto</literal> except that it will print a list of manually "
2858 "installed packages instead."
2861 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2862 #: apt-mark.8.xml:99
2864 "<literal>showhold</literal> is used to print a list of packages on hold in "
2865 "the same way as for the other show commands."
2868 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
2869 #: apt-mark.8.xml:115
2871 "Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter "
2872 "&synopsis-param-filename; instead of from the default location, which is "
2873 "<filename>extended_status</filename> in the directory defined by the "
2874 "Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State</literal>."
2877 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2878 #: apt-mark.8.xml:136
2880 "<command>apt-mark</command> returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on "
2884 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
2885 #: apt-secure.8.xml:47
2886 msgid "Archive authentication support for APT"
2889 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2890 #: apt-secure.8.xml:52
2892 "Starting with version 0.6, <command>apt</command> contains code that does "
2893 "signature checking of the Release file for all archives. This ensures that "
2894 "packages in the archive can't be modified by people who have no access to "
2895 "the Release file signing key."
2898 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2899 #: apt-secure.8.xml:60
2901 "If a package comes from a archive without a signature or with a signature "
2902 "that apt does not have a key for that package is considered untrusted and "
2903 "installing it will result in a big warning. <command>apt-get</command> will "
2904 "currently only warn for unsigned archives, future releases might force all "
2905 "sources to be verified before downloading packages from them."
2908 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2909 #: apt-secure.8.xml:69
2911 "The package frontends &apt-get;, &aptitude; and &synaptic; support this new "
2912 "authentication feature."
2915 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
2916 #: apt-secure.8.xml:74
2917 msgid "Trusted archives"
2920 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2921 #: apt-secure.8.xml:77
2923 "The chain of trust from an apt archive to the end user is made up of "
2924 "different steps. <command>apt-secure</command> is the last step in this "
2925 "chain, trusting an archive does not mean that the packages that you trust it "
2926 "do not contain malicious code but means that you trust the archive "
2927 "maintainer. It's the archive maintainer responsibility to ensure that the "
2928 "archive integrity is correct."
2931 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2932 #: apt-secure.8.xml:85
2934 "apt-secure does not review signatures at a package level. If you require "
2935 "tools to do this you should look at <command>debsig-verify</command> and "
2936 "<command>debsign</command> (provided in the debsig-verify and devscripts "
2937 "packages respectively)."
2940 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2941 #: apt-secure.8.xml:92
2943 "The chain of trust in Debian starts when a maintainer uploads a new package "
2944 "or a new version of a package to the Debian archive. This upload in order to "
2945 "become effective needs to be signed by a key of a maintainer within the "
2946 "Debian maintainer's keyring (available in the debian-keyring package). "
2947 "Maintainer's keys are signed by other maintainers following pre-established "
2948 "procedures to ensure the identity of the key holder."
2951 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2952 #: apt-secure.8.xml:102
2954 "Once the uploaded package is verified and included in the archive, the "
2955 "maintainer signature is stripped off, an MD5 sum of the package is computed "
2956 "and put in the Packages file. The MD5 sum of all of the packages files are "
2957 "then computed and put into the Release file. The Release file is then signed "
2958 "by the archive key (which is created once a year) and distributed through "
2959 "the FTP server. This key is also on the Debian keyring."
2962 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2963 #: apt-secure.8.xml:112
2965 "Any end user can check the signature of the Release file, extract the MD5 "
2966 "sum of a package from it and compare it with the MD5 sum of the package he "
2967 "downloaded. Prior to version 0.6 only the MD5 sum of the downloaded Debian "
2968 "package was checked. Now both the MD5 sum and the signature of the Release "
2972 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2973 #: apt-secure.8.xml:119
2975 "Notice that this is distinct from checking signatures on a per package "
2976 "basis. It is designed to prevent two possible attacks:"
2979 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2980 #: apt-secure.8.xml:124
2982 "<literal>Network \"man in the middle\" attacks</literal>. Without signature "
2983 "checking, a malicious agent can introduce himself in the package download "
2984 "process and provide malicious software either by controlling a network "
2985 "element (router, switch, etc.) or by redirecting traffic to a rogue server "
2986 "(through arp or DNS spoofing attacks)."
2989 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
2990 #: apt-secure.8.xml:132
2992 "<literal>Mirror network compromise</literal>. Without signature checking, a "
2993 "malicious agent can compromise a mirror host and modify the files in it to "
2994 "propagate malicious software to all users downloading packages from that "
2998 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
2999 #: apt-secure.8.xml:139
3001 "However, it does not defend against a compromise of the Debian master server "
3002 "itself (which signs the packages) or against a compromise of the key used to "
3003 "sign the Release files. In any case, this mechanism can complement a per-"
3004 "package signature."
3007 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3008 #: apt-secure.8.xml:145
3009 msgid "User configuration"
3012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3013 #: apt-secure.8.xml:147
3015 "<command>apt-key</command> is the program that manages the list of keys used "
3016 "by apt. It can be used to add or remove keys although an installation of "
3017 "this release will automatically provide the default Debian archive signing "
3018 "keys used in the Debian package repositories."
3021 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3022 #: apt-secure.8.xml:154
3024 "In order to add a new key you need to first download it (you should make "
3025 "sure you are using a trusted communication channel when retrieving it), add "
3026 "it with <command>apt-key</command> and then run <command>apt-get update</"
3027 "command> so that apt can download and verify the <filename>InRelease</"
3028 "filename> or <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files from the archives you "
3032 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3033 #: apt-secure.8.xml:163
3034 msgid "Archive configuration"
3037 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3038 #: apt-secure.8.xml:165
3040 "If you want to provide archive signatures in an archive under your "
3041 "maintenance you have to:"
3044 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3045 #: apt-secure.8.xml:170
3047 "<emphasis>Create a toplevel Release file</emphasis>, if it does not exist "
3048 "already. You can do this by running <command>apt-ftparchive release</"
3049 "command> (provided in apt-utils)."
3052 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3053 #: apt-secure.8.xml:175
3055 "<emphasis>Sign it</emphasis>. You can do this by running <command>gpg --"
3056 "clearsign -o InRelease Release</command> and <command>gpg -abs -o Release."
3057 "gpg Release</command>."
3060 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
3061 #: apt-secure.8.xml:179
3063 "<emphasis>Publish the key fingerprint</emphasis>, that way your users will "
3064 "know what key they need to import in order to authenticate the files in the "
3068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3069 #: apt-secure.8.xml:186
3071 "Whenever the contents of the archive changes (new packages are added or "
3072 "removed) the archive maintainer has to follow the first two steps previously "
3076 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3077 #: apt-secure.8.xml:194
3079 "&apt-conf;, &apt-get;, &sources-list;, &apt-key;, &apt-ftparchive;, "
3080 "&debsign; &debsig-verify;, &gpg;"
3083 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3084 #: apt-secure.8.xml:198
3086 "For more background information you might want to review the <ulink url="
3087 "\"http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7\">Debian "
3088 "Security Infrastructure</ulink> chapter of the Securing Debian Manual "
3089 "(available also in the harden-doc package) and the <ulink url=\"http://www."
3090 "cryptnet.net/fdp/crypto/strong_distro.html\" >Strong Distribution HOWTO</"
3091 "ulink> by V. Alex Brennen."
3094 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3095 #: apt-secure.8.xml:211
3096 msgid "Manpage Authors"
3099 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3100 #: apt-secure.8.xml:213
3102 "This man-page is based on the work of Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña, Isaac "
3103 "Jones, Colin Walters, Florian Weimer and Michael Vogt."
3106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3107 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:33
3108 msgid "Utility to sort package index files"
3111 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3112 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:39
3114 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> will take an index file (Source index or "
3115 "Package index) and sort the records so that they are ordered by the package "
3116 "name. It will also sort the internal fields of each record according to the "
3117 "internal sorting rules."
3120 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3121 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:45
3122 msgid "All output is sent to stdout, the input must be a seekable file."
3125 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3126 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:54
3128 "Use Source index field ordering. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::"
3129 "SortPkgs::Source</literal>."
3132 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3133 #: apt-sortpkgs.1.xml:68
3135 "<command>apt-sortpkgs</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal "
3139 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><contrib>
3140 #: apt.conf.5.xml:20
3141 msgid "Initial documentation of Debug::*."
3144 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refentryinfo><author><email>
3145 #: apt.conf.5.xml:21
3146 msgid "dburrows@debian.org"
3149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refmeta><manvolnum>
3150 #: apt.conf.5.xml:31 apt_preferences.5.xml:25 sources.list.5.xml:26
3154 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
3155 #: apt.conf.5.xml:38
3156 msgid "Configuration file for APT"
3159 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3160 #: apt.conf.5.xml:42
3162 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> is the main configuration file for the APT "
3163 "suite of tools, but by far not the only place changes to options can be "
3164 "made. All tools therefore share the configuration files and also use a "
3165 "common command line parser to provide a uniform environment."
3168 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><para>
3169 #: apt.conf.5.xml:47
3171 "When an APT tool starts up it will read the configuration files in the "
3175 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3176 #: apt.conf.5.xml:49
3178 "the file specified by the <envar>APT_CONFIG</envar> environment variable (if "
3182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3183 #: apt.conf.5.xml:51
3185 "all files in <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal> in alphanumeric ascending "
3186 "order which have either no or \"<literal>conf</literal>\" as filename "
3187 "extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), underscore (_) "
3188 "and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has "
3189 "ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::"
3190 "Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this case it will be "
3194 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3195 #: apt.conf.5.xml:58
3197 "the main configuration file specified by <literal>Dir::Etc::main</literal>"
3200 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
3201 #: apt.conf.5.xml:60
3203 "the command line options are applied to override the configuration "
3204 "directives or to load even more configuration files."
3207 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3208 #: apt.conf.5.xml:64
3212 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3213 #: apt.conf.5.xml:65
3215 "The configuration file is organized in a tree with options organized into "
3216 "functional groups. Option specification is given with a double colon "
3217 "notation, for instance <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> is an option "
3218 "within the APT tool group, for the Get tool. Options do not inherit from "
3219 "their parent groups."
3222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3223 #: apt.conf.5.xml:71
3225 "Syntactically the configuration language is modeled after what the ISC tools "
3226 "such as bind and dhcp use. Lines starting with <literal>//</literal> are "
3227 "treated as comments (ignored), as well as all text between <literal>/*</"
3228 "literal> and <literal>*/</literal>, just like C/C++ comments. Each line is "
3229 "of the form <literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes \"true\";</literal>. The trailing "
3230 "semicolon and the quotes are required. The value must be on one line, and "
3231 "there is no kind of string concatenation. It must not include inside "
3232 "quotes. The behavior of the backslash \"\\\" and escaped characters inside "
3233 "a value is undefined and it should not be used. An option name may include "
3234 "alphanumerical characters and the \"/-:._+\" characters. A new scope can be "
3235 "opened with curly braces, like:"
3238 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3239 #: apt.conf.5.xml:85
3244 " Assume-Yes \"true\";\n"
3245 " Fix-Broken \"true\";\n"
3250 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3251 #: apt.conf.5.xml:93
3253 "with newlines placed to make it more readable. Lists can be created by "
3254 "opening a scope and including a single string enclosed in quotes followed by "
3255 "a semicolon. Multiple entries can be included, each separated by a semicolon."
3258 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><informalexample><programlisting>
3259 #: apt.conf.5.xml:98
3261 msgid "DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {\"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt\";};\n"
3264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3265 #: apt.conf.5.xml:101
3267 "In general the sample configuration file in <filename>&docdir;examples/apt."
3268 "conf</filename> &configureindex; is a good guide for how it should look."
3271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3272 #: apt.conf.5.xml:105
3274 "The names of the configuration items are not case-sensitive. So in the "
3275 "previous example you could use <literal>dpkg::pre-install-pkgs</literal>."
3278 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3279 #: apt.conf.5.xml:108
3281 "Names for the configuration items are optional if a list is defined as it "
3282 "can be see in the <literal>DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal> example above. "
3283 "If you don't specify a name a new entry will simply add a new option to the "
3284 "list. If you specify a name you can override the option as every other "
3285 "option by reassigning a new value to the option."
3288 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3289 #: apt.conf.5.xml:113
3291 "Two specials are allowed, <literal>#include</literal> (which is deprecated "
3292 "and not supported by alternative implementations) and <literal>#clear</"
3293 "literal>: <literal>#include</literal> will include the given file, unless "
3294 "the filename ends in a slash, then the whole directory is included. "
3295 "<literal>#clear</literal> is used to erase a part of the configuration tree. "
3296 "The specified element and all its descendants are erased. (Note that these "
3297 "lines also need to end with a semicolon.)"
3300 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3301 #: apt.conf.5.xml:121
3303 "The #clear command is the only way to delete a list or a complete scope. "
3304 "Reopening a scope or the ::-style described below will <emphasis>not</"
3305 "emphasis> override previously written entries. Only options can be "
3306 "overridden by addressing a new value to it - lists and scopes can't be "
3307 "overridden, only cleared."
3310 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3311 #: apt.conf.5.xml:126
3313 "All of the APT tools take a -o option which allows an arbitrary "
3314 "configuration directive to be specified on the command line. The syntax is a "
3315 "full option name (<literal>APT::Get::Assume-Yes</literal> for instance) "
3316 "followed by an equals sign then the new value of the option. To append a new "
3317 "element to a list, add a trailing :: to the name of the list. (As you might "
3318 "suspect: The scope syntax can't be used on the command line.)"
3321 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3322 #: apt.conf.5.xml:133
3324 "Note that you can use :: only for appending one item per line to a list and "
3325 "that you should not use it in combination with the scope syntax. (The scope "
3326 "syntax implicit insert ::) Using both syntaxes together will trigger a bug "
3327 "which some users unfortunately depend on: An option with the unusual name "
3328 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" which acts like every other option with a name. "
3329 "These introduces many problems including that a user who writes multiple "
3330 "lines in this <emphasis>wrong</emphasis> syntax in the hope to append to a "
3331 "list will gain the opposite as only the last assignment for this option "
3332 "\"<literal>::</literal>\" will be used. Upcoming APT versions will raise "
3333 "errors and will stop working if they encounter this misuse, so please "
3334 "correct such statements now as long as APT doesn't complain explicit about "
3338 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3339 #: apt.conf.5.xml:145
3340 msgid "The APT Group"
3343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3344 #: apt.conf.5.xml:146
3346 "This group of options controls general APT behavior as well as holding the "
3347 "options for all of the tools."
3350 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3351 #: apt.conf.5.xml:151
3353 "System Architecture; sets the architecture to use when fetching files and "
3354 "parsing package lists. The internal default is the architecture apt was "
3358 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3359 #: apt.conf.5.xml:157
3361 "All Architectures the system supports. Processors implementing the "
3362 "<literal>amd64</literal> (also called <literal>x86-64</literal>) instruction "
3363 "set are e.g. also able to execute binaries compiled for the <literal>i386</"
3364 "literal> (<literal>x86</literal>) instruction set; This list is use when "
3365 "fetching files and parsing package lists. The internal default is always the "
3366 "native architecture (<literal>APT::Architecture</literal>) and all foreign "
3367 "architectures it can retrieve by calling <command>dpkg --print-foreign-"
3368 "architectures</command>."
3371 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3372 #: apt.conf.5.xml:167
3374 "Default release to install packages from if more than one version available. "
3375 "Contains release name, codename or release version. Examples: 'stable', "
3376 "'testing', 'unstable', '&stable-codename;', '&testing-codename;', '4.0', "
3377 "'5.0*'. See also &apt-preferences;."
3380 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3381 #: apt.conf.5.xml:173
3383 "Ignore Held packages; This global option causes the problem resolver to "
3384 "ignore held packages in its decision making."
3387 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3388 #: apt.conf.5.xml:178
3390 "Defaults to on. When turned on the autoclean feature will remove any "
3391 "packages which can no longer be downloaded from the cache. If turned off "
3392 "then packages that are locally installed are also excluded from cleaning - "
3393 "but note that APT provides no direct means to reinstall them."
3396 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3397 #: apt.conf.5.xml:185
3399 "Defaults to on which will cause APT to install essential and important "
3400 "packages as fast as possible in the install/upgrade operation. This is done "
3401 "to limit the effect of a failing &dpkg; call: If this option is disabled APT "
3402 "does treat an important package in the same way as an extra package: Between "
3403 "the unpacking of the important package A and his configuration can then be "
3404 "many other unpack or configuration calls, e.g. for package B which has no "
3405 "relation to A, but causes the dpkg call to fail (e.g. because maintainer "
3406 "script of package B generates an error) which results in a system state in "
3407 "which package A is unpacked but unconfigured - each package depending on A "
3408 "is now no longer guaranteed to work as their dependency on A is not longer "
3409 "satisfied. The immediate configuration marker is also applied to all "
3410 "dependencies which can generate a problem if the dependencies e.g. form a "
3411 "circle as a dependency with the immediate flag is comparable with a Pre-"
3412 "Dependency. So in theory it is possible that APT encounters a situation in "
3413 "which it is unable to perform immediate configuration, errors out and refers "
3414 "to this option so the user can deactivate the immediate configuration "
3415 "temporarily to be able to perform an install/upgrade again. Note the use of "
3416 "the word \"theory\" here as this problem was only encountered by now in real "
3417 "world a few times in non-stable distribution versions and was caused by "
3418 "wrong dependencies of the package in question or by a system in an already "
3419 "broken state, so you should not blindly disable this option as the mentioned "
3420 "scenario above is not the only problem immediate configuration can help to "
3421 "prevent in the first place. Before a big operation like <literal>dist-"
3422 "upgrade</literal> is run with this option disabled it should be tried to "
3423 "explicitly <literal>install</literal> the package APT is unable to configure "
3424 "immediately, but please make sure to report your problem also to your "
3425 "distribution and to the APT team with the buglink below so they can work on "
3426 "improving or correcting the upgrade process."
3429 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3430 #: apt.conf.5.xml:208
3432 "Never Enable this option unless you -really- know what you are doing. It "
3433 "permits APT to temporarily remove an essential package to break a Conflicts/"
3434 "Conflicts or Conflicts/Pre-Depend loop between two essential packages. SUCH "
3435 "A LOOP SHOULD NEVER EXIST AND IS A GRAVE BUG. This option will work if the "
3436 "essential packages are not tar, gzip, libc, dpkg, bash or anything that "
3437 "those packages depend on."
3440 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3441 #: apt.conf.5.xml:217
3443 "APT uses since version 0.7.26 a resizable memory mapped cache file to store "
3444 "the 'available' information. <literal>Cache-Start</literal> acts as a hint "
3445 "to which size the Cache will grow and is therefore the amount of memory APT "
3446 "will request at startup. The default value is 20971520 bytes (~20 MB). Note "
3447 "that this amount of space needs to be available for APT otherwise it will "
3448 "likely fail ungracefully, so for memory restricted devices this value should "
3449 "be lowered while on systems with a lot of configured sources it should be "
3450 "increased. <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> defines in bytes with the default "
3451 "of 1048576 (~1 MB) how much the Cache size will be increased in the event "
3452 "the space defined by <literal>Cache-Start</literal> is not enough. These "
3453 "value will be applied again and again until either the cache is big enough "
3454 "to store all information or the size of the cache reaches the <literal>Cache-"
3455 "Limit</literal>. The default of <literal>Cache-Limit</literal> is 0 which "
3456 "stands for no limit. If <literal>Cache-Grow</literal> is set to 0 the "
3457 "automatic grow of the cache is disabled."
3460 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3461 #: apt.conf.5.xml:233
3462 msgid "Defines which package(s) are considered essential build dependencies."
3465 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3466 #: apt.conf.5.xml:237
3468 "The Get subsection controls the &apt-get; tool, please see its documentation "
3469 "for more information about the options here."
3472 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3473 #: apt.conf.5.xml:242
3475 "The Cache subsection controls the &apt-cache; tool, please see its "
3476 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3479 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3480 #: apt.conf.5.xml:247
3482 "The CDROM subsection controls the &apt-cdrom; tool, please see its "
3483 "documentation for more information about the options here."
3486 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3487 #: apt.conf.5.xml:253
3488 msgid "The Acquire Group"
3491 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3492 #: apt.conf.5.xml:254
3494 "The <literal>Acquire</literal> group of options controls the download of "
3495 "packages and the URI handlers."
3498 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3499 #: apt.conf.5.xml:259
3501 "Security related option defaulting to true as an expiring validation for a "
3502 "Release file prevents longtime replay attacks and can e.g. also help users "
3503 "to identify no longer updated mirrors - but the feature depends on the "
3504 "correctness of the time on the user system. Archive maintainers are "
3505 "encouraged to create Release files with the <literal>Valid-Until</literal> "
3506 "header, but if they don't or a stricter value is volitional the following "
3507 "<literal>Max-ValidTime</literal> option can be used."
3510 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3511 #: apt.conf.5.xml:270
3513 "Seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was created "
3514 "(indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). If the Release file "
3515 "itself includes a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header the earlier date of "
3516 "the two is used as the expiration date. The default value is <literal>0</"
3517 "literal> which stands for \"for ever valid\". Archive specific settings can "
3518 "be made by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3521 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3522 #: apt.conf.5.xml:281
3524 "Minimum of seconds the Release file should be considered valid after it was "
3525 "created (indicated by the <literal>Date</literal> header). Use this if you "
3526 "need to use a seldomly updated (local) mirror of a more regular updated "
3527 "archive with a <literal>Valid-Until</literal> header instead of completely "
3528 "disabling the expiration date checking. Archive specific settings can and "
3529 "should be used by appending the label of the archive to the option name."
3532 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3533 #: apt.conf.5.xml:292
3535 "Try to download deltas called <literal>PDiffs</literal> for Packages or "
3536 "Sources files instead of downloading whole ones. True by default."
3539 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3540 #: apt.conf.5.xml:295
3542 "Two sub-options to limit the use of PDiffs are also available: With "
3543 "<literal>FileLimit</literal> can be specified how many PDiff files are "
3544 "downloaded at most to update a file. <literal>SizeLimit</literal> on the "
3545 "other hand is the maximum percentage of the size of all patches compared to "
3546 "the size of the targeted file. If one of these limits is exceeded the "
3547 "complete file is downloaded instead of the patches."
3550 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3551 #: apt.conf.5.xml:305
3553 "Queuing mode; <literal>Queue-Mode</literal> can be one of <literal>host</"
3554 "literal> or <literal>access</literal> which determines how APT parallelizes "
3555 "outgoing connections. <literal>host</literal> means that one connection per "
3556 "target host will be opened, <literal>access</literal> means that one "
3557 "connection per URI type will be opened."
3560 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3561 #: apt.conf.5.xml:313
3563 "Number of retries to perform. If this is non-zero APT will retry failed "
3564 "files the given number of times."
3567 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3568 #: apt.conf.5.xml:318
3570 "Use symlinks for source archives. If set to true then source archives will "
3571 "be symlinked when possible instead of copying. True is the default."
3574 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3575 #: apt.conf.5.xml:323
3577 "HTTP URIs; http::Proxy is the default http proxy to use. It is in the "
3578 "standard form of <literal>http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per "
3579 "host proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>http::Proxy::"
3580 "<host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3581 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3582 "<envar>http_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used."
3585 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3586 #: apt.conf.5.xml:331
3588 "Three settings are provided for cache control with HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy "
3589 "caches. <literal>No-Cache</literal> tells the proxy to not use its cached "
3590 "response under any circumstances, <literal>Max-Age</literal> is sent only "
3591 "for index files and tells the cache to refresh its object if it is older "
3592 "than the given number of seconds. Debian updates its index files daily so "
3593 "the default is 1 day. <literal>No-Store</literal> specifies that the cache "
3594 "should never store this request, it is only set for archive files. This may "
3595 "be useful to prevent polluting a proxy cache with very large .deb files. "
3596 "Note: Squid 2.0.2 does not support any of these options."
3599 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3600 #: apt.conf.5.xml:341 apt.conf.5.xml:407
3602 "The option <literal>timeout</literal> sets the timeout timer used by the "
3603 "method, this applies to all things including connection timeout and data "
3607 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3608 #: apt.conf.5.xml:344
3610 "The setting <literal>Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth</literal> can be used to "
3611 "enabled HTTP pipeling (RFC 2616 section 8.1.2.2) which can be beneficial e."
3612 "g. on high-latency connections. It specifies how many requests are send in a "
3613 "pipeline. Previous APT versions had a default of 10 for this setting, but "
3614 "the default value is now 0 (= disabled) to avoid problems with the ever-"
3615 "growing amount of webservers and proxies which choose to not conform to the "
3616 "HTTP/1.1 specification."
3619 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3620 #: apt.conf.5.xml:351
3622 "<literal>Acquire::http::AllowRedirect</literal> controls if APT will follow "
3623 "redirects, which is enabled by default."
3626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3627 #: apt.conf.5.xml:354
3629 "The used bandwidth can be limited with <literal>Acquire::http::Dl-Limit</"
3630 "literal> which accepts integer values in kilobyte. The default value is 0 "
3631 "which deactivates the limit and tries uses as much as possible of the "
3632 "bandwidth (Note that this option implicit deactivates the download from "
3633 "multiple servers at the same time.)"
3636 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3637 #: apt.conf.5.xml:359
3639 "<literal>Acquire::http::User-Agent</literal> can be used to set a different "
3640 "User-Agent for the http download method as some proxies allow access for "
3641 "clients only if the client uses a known identifier."
3644 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3645 #: apt.conf.5.xml:366
3647 "HTTPS URIs. Cache-control, Timeout, AllowRedirect, Dl-Limit and proxy "
3648 "options are the same as for <literal>http</literal> method and will also "
3649 "default to the options from the <literal>http</literal> method if they are "
3650 "not explicitly set for https. <literal>Pipeline-Depth</literal> option is "
3651 "not supported yet."
3654 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3655 #: apt.conf.5.xml:372
3657 "<literal>CaInfo</literal> suboption specifies place of file that holds info "
3658 "about trusted certificates. <literal><host>::CaInfo</literal> is "
3659 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Peer</literal> boolean "
3660 "suboption determines whether verify server's host certificate against "
3661 "trusted certificates or not. <literal><host>::Verify-Peer</literal> "
3662 "is corresponding per-host option. <literal>Verify-Host</literal> boolean "
3663 "suboption determines whether verify server's hostname or not. <literal><"
3664 "host>::Verify-Host</literal> is corresponding per-host option. "
3665 "<literal>SslCert</literal> determines what certificate to use for client "
3666 "authentication. <literal><host>::SslCert</literal> is corresponding "
3667 "per-host option. <literal>SslKey</literal> determines what private key to "
3668 "use for client authentication. <literal><host>::SslKey</literal> is "
3669 "corresponding per-host option. <literal>SslForceVersion</literal> overrides "
3670 "default SSL version to use. Can contain 'TLSv1' or 'SSLv3' string. "
3671 "<literal><host>::SslForceVersion</literal> is corresponding per-host "
3675 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3676 #: apt.conf.5.xml:391
3678 "FTP URIs; ftp::Proxy is the default ftp proxy to use. It is in the standard "
3679 "form of <literal>ftp://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]/</literal>. Per host "
3680 "proxies can also be specified by using the form <literal>ftp::Proxy::<"
3681 "host></literal> with the special keyword <literal>DIRECT</literal> "
3682 "meaning to use no proxies. If no one of the above settings is specified, "
3683 "<envar>ftp_proxy</envar> environment variable will be used. To use a ftp "
3684 "proxy you will have to set the <literal>ftp::ProxyLogin</literal> script in "
3685 "the configuration file. This entry specifies the commands to send to tell "
3686 "the proxy server what to connect to. Please see &configureindex; for an "
3687 "example of how to do this. The substitution variables available are <literal>"
3688 "$(PROXY_USER)</literal> <literal>$(PROXY_PASS)</literal> <literal>"
3689 "$(SITE_USER)</literal> <literal>$(SITE_PASS)</literal> <literal>$(SITE)</"
3690 "literal> and <literal>$(SITE_PORT)</literal> Each is taken from it's "
3691 "respective URI component."
3694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3695 #: apt.conf.5.xml:410
3697 "Several settings are provided to control passive mode. Generally it is safe "
3698 "to leave passive mode on, it works in nearly every environment. However "
3699 "some situations require that passive mode be disabled and port mode ftp used "
3700 "instead. This can be done globally, for connections that go through a proxy "
3701 "or for a specific host (See the sample config file for examples)."
3704 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3705 #: apt.conf.5.xml:417
3707 "It is possible to proxy FTP over HTTP by setting the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
3708 "envar> environment variable to a http url - see the discussion of the http "
3709 "method above for syntax. You cannot set this in the configuration file and "
3710 "it is not recommended to use FTP over HTTP due to its low efficiency."
3713 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3714 #: apt.conf.5.xml:422
3716 "The setting <literal>ForceExtended</literal> controls the use of RFC2428 "
3717 "<literal>EPSV</literal> and <literal>EPRT</literal> commands. The default is "
3718 "false, which means these commands are only used if the control connection is "
3719 "IPv6. Setting this to true forces their use even on IPv4 connections. Note "
3720 "that most FTP servers do not support RFC2428."
3723 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3724 #: apt.conf.5.xml:435
3726 msgid "/cdrom/::Mount \"foo\";"
3729 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3730 #: apt.conf.5.xml:430
3732 "CDROM URIs; the only setting for CDROM URIs is the mount point, "
3733 "<literal>cdrom::Mount</literal> which must be the mount point for the CDROM "
3734 "drive as specified in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. It is possible to "
3735 "provide alternate mount and unmount commands if your mount point cannot be "
3736 "listed in the fstab (such as an SMB mount and old mount packages). The "
3737 "syntax is to put <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> within the "
3738 "cdrom block. It is important to have the trailing slash. Unmount commands "
3739 "can be specified using UMount."
3742 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3743 #: apt.conf.5.xml:441
3745 "GPGV URIs; the only option for GPGV URIs is the option to pass additional "
3746 "parameters to gpgv. <literal>gpgv::Options</literal> Additional options "
3750 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3751 #: apt.conf.5.xml:452
3753 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::<replaceable>FileExtension</replaceable> \"<replaceable>Methodname</replaceable>\";"
3756 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3757 #: apt.conf.5.xml:447
3759 "List of compression types which are understood by the acquire methods. "
3760 "Files like <filename>Packages</filename> can be available in various "
3761 "compression formats. Per default the acquire methods can decompress "
3762 "<command>bzip2</command>, <command>lzma</command> and <command>gzip</"
3763 "command> compressed files, with this setting more formats can be added on "
3764 "the fly or the used method can be changed. The syntax for this is: "
3765 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"0\"/>"
3768 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3769 #: apt.conf.5.xml:457
3771 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";"
3774 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><synopsis>
3775 #: apt.conf.5.xml:460
3777 msgid "Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order { \"lzma\"; \"gz\"; };"
3780 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3781 #: apt.conf.5.xml:453
3783 "Also the <literal>Order</literal> subgroup can be used to define in which "
3784 "order the acquire system will try to download the compressed files. The "
3785 "acquire system will try the first and proceed with the next compression type "
3786 "in this list on error, so to prefer one over the other type simple add the "
3787 "preferred type at first - not already added default types will be added at "
3788 "run time to the end of the list, so e.g. <placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id="
3789 "\"0\"/> can be used to prefer <command>gzip</command> compressed files over "
3790 "<command>bzip2</command> and <command>lzma</command>. If <command>lzma</"
3791 "command> should be preferred over <command>gzip</command> and "
3792 "<command>bzip2</command> the configure setting should look like this "
3793 "<placeholder type=\"synopsis\" id=\"1\"/> It is not needed to add "
3794 "<literal>bz2</literal> explicit to the list as it will be added automatic."
3797 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
3798 #: apt.conf.5.xml:464
3800 msgid "Dir::Bin::bzip2 \"/bin/bzip2\";"
3803 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3804 #: apt.conf.5.xml:462
3806 "Note that at run time the <literal>Dir::Bin::<replaceable>Methodname</"
3807 "replaceable></literal> will be checked: If this setting exists the method "
3808 "will only be used if this file exists, e.g. for the bzip2 method (the "
3809 "inbuilt) setting is: <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/> Note "
3810 "also that list entries specified on the command line will be added at the "
3811 "end of the list specified in the configuration files, but before the default "
3812 "entries. To prefer a type in this case over the ones specified in the "
3813 "configuration files you can set the option direct - not in list style. This "
3814 "will not override the defined list, it will only prefix the list with this "
3818 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3819 #: apt.conf.5.xml:469
3821 "The special type <literal>uncompressed</literal> can be used to give "
3822 "uncompressed files a preference, but note that most archives don't provide "
3823 "uncompressed files so this is mostly only useable for local mirrors."
3826 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3827 #: apt.conf.5.xml:476
3829 "When downloading <literal>gzip</literal> compressed indexes (Packages, "
3830 "Sources, or Translations), keep them gzip compressed locally instead of "
3831 "unpacking them. This saves quite a lot of disk space at the expense of more "
3832 "CPU requirements when building the local package caches. False by default."
3835 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3836 #: apt.conf.5.xml:484
3838 "The Languages subsection controls which <filename>Translation</filename> "
3839 "files are downloaded and in which order APT tries to display the Description-"
3840 "Translations. APT will try to display the first available Description in the "
3841 "Language which is listed at first. Languages can be defined with their short "
3842 "or long Languagecodes. Note that not all archives provide "
3843 "<filename>Translation</filename> files for every Language - especially the "
3844 "long Languagecodes are rare, so please inform you which ones are available "
3845 "before you set here impossible values."
3848 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><programlisting>
3849 #: apt.conf.5.xml:500
3851 msgid "Acquire::Languages { \"environment\"; \"de\"; \"en\"; \"none\"; \"fr\"; };"
3854 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3855 #: apt.conf.5.xml:490
3857 "The default list includes \"environment\" and \"en\". "
3858 "\"<literal>environment</literal>\" has a special meaning here: It will be "
3859 "replaced at runtime with the languagecodes extracted from the "
3860 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> environment variable. It will also ensure "
3861 "that these codes are not included twice in the list. If "
3862 "<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> is set to \"C\" only the "
3863 "<filename>Translation-en</filename> file (if available) will be used. To "
3864 "force apt to use no Translation file use the setting <literal>Acquire::"
3865 "Languages=none</literal>. \"<literal>none</literal>\" is another special "
3866 "meaning code which will stop the search for a fitting <filename>Translation</"
3867 "filename> file. This can be used by the system administrator to let APT "
3868 "know that it should download also this files without actually use them if "
3869 "the environment doesn't specify this languages. So the following example "
3870 "configuration will result in the order \"en, de\" in an english and in \"de, "
3871 "en\" in a german localization. Note that \"fr\" is downloaded, but not used "
3872 "if APT is not used in a french localization, in such an environment the "
3873 "order would be \"fr, de, en\". <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id="
3877 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3878 #: apt.conf.5.xml:501
3880 "Note: To prevent problems resulting from APT being executed in different "
3881 "environments (e.g. by different users or by other programs) all Translation "
3882 "files which are found in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename> will be "
3883 "added to the end of the list (after an implicit \"<literal>none</literal>\")."
3886 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3887 #: apt.conf.5.xml:512
3891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3892 #: apt.conf.5.xml:514
3894 "The <literal>Dir::State</literal> section has directories that pertain to "
3895 "local state information. <literal>lists</literal> is the directory to place "
3896 "downloaded package lists in and <literal>status</literal> is the name of the "
3897 "dpkg status file. <literal>preferences</literal> is the name of the APT "
3898 "<filename>preferences</filename> file. <literal>Dir::State</literal> "
3899 "contains the default directory to prefix on all sub items if they do not "
3900 "start with <filename>/</filename> or <filename>./</filename>."
3903 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3904 #: apt.conf.5.xml:521
3906 "<literal>Dir::Cache</literal> contains locations pertaining to local cache "
3907 "information, such as the two package caches <literal>srcpkgcache</literal> "
3908 "and <literal>pkgcache</literal> as well as the location to place downloaded "
3909 "archives, <literal>Dir::Cache::archives</literal>. Generation of caches can "
3910 "be turned off by setting their names to be blank. This will slow down "
3911 "startup but save disk space. It is probably preferred to turn off the "
3912 "pkgcache rather than the srcpkgcache. Like <literal>Dir::State</literal> the "
3913 "default directory is contained in <literal>Dir::Cache</literal>"
3916 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3917 #: apt.conf.5.xml:530
3919 "<literal>Dir::Etc</literal> contains the location of configuration files, "
3920 "<literal>sourcelist</literal> gives the location of the sourcelist and "
3921 "<literal>main</literal> is the default configuration file (setting has no "
3922 "effect, unless it is done from the config file specified by "
3923 "<envar>APT_CONFIG</envar>)."
3926 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3927 #: apt.conf.5.xml:536
3929 "The <literal>Dir::Parts</literal> setting reads in all the config fragments "
3930 "in lexical order from the directory specified. After this is done then the "
3931 "main config file is loaded."
3934 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3935 #: apt.conf.5.xml:540
3937 "Binary programs are pointed to by <literal>Dir::Bin</literal>. <literal>Dir::"
3938 "Bin::Methods</literal> specifies the location of the method handlers and "
3939 "<literal>gzip</literal>, <literal>bzip2</literal>, <literal>lzma</literal>, "
3940 "<literal>dpkg</literal>, <literal>apt-get</literal> <literal>dpkg-source</"
3941 "literal> <literal>dpkg-buildpackage</literal> and <literal>apt-cache</"
3942 "literal> specify the location of the respective programs."
3945 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3946 #: apt.conf.5.xml:548
3948 "The configuration item <literal>RootDir</literal> has a special meaning. If "
3949 "set, all paths in <literal>Dir::</literal> will be relative to "
3950 "<literal>RootDir</literal>, <emphasis>even paths that are specified "
3951 "absolutely</emphasis>. So, for instance, if <literal>RootDir</literal> is "
3952 "set to <filename>/tmp/staging</filename> and <literal>Dir::State::status</"
3953 "literal> is set to <filename>/var/lib/dpkg/status</filename>, then the "
3954 "status file will be looked up in <filename>/tmp/staging/var/lib/dpkg/status</"
3958 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3959 #: apt.conf.5.xml:561
3961 "The <literal>Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> list can be used to specify "
3962 "which files APT should silently ignore while parsing the files in the "
3963 "fragment directories. Per default a file which end with <literal>.disabled</"
3964 "literal>, <literal>~</literal>, <literal>.bak</literal> or <literal>.dpkg-[a-"
3965 "z]+</literal> is silently ignored. As seen in the last default value these "
3966 "patterns can use regular expression syntax."
3969 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
3970 #: apt.conf.5.xml:570
3971 msgid "APT in DSelect"
3974 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
3975 #: apt.conf.5.xml:572
3977 "When APT is used as a &dselect; method several configuration directives "
3978 "control the default behaviour. These are in the <literal>DSelect</literal> "
3982 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3983 #: apt.conf.5.xml:577
3985 "Cache Clean mode; this value may be one of always, prompt, auto, pre-auto "
3986 "and never. always and prompt will remove all packages from the cache after "
3987 "upgrading, prompt (the default) does so conditionally. auto removes only "
3988 "those packages which are no longer downloadable (replaced with a new version "
3989 "for instance). pre-auto performs this action before downloading new "
3993 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
3994 #: apt.conf.5.xml:586
3996 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
3997 "when it is run for the install phase."
4000 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4001 #: apt.conf.5.xml:591
4003 "The contents of this variable is passed to &apt-get; as command line options "
4004 "when it is run for the update phase."
4007 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4008 #: apt.conf.5.xml:596
4010 "If true the [U]pdate operation in &dselect; will always prompt to continue. "
4011 "The default is to prompt only on error."
4014 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4015 #: apt.conf.5.xml:602
4016 msgid "How APT calls dpkg"
4019 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4020 #: apt.conf.5.xml:603
4022 "Several configuration directives control how APT invokes &dpkg;. These are "
4023 "in the <literal>DPkg</literal> section."
4026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4027 #: apt.conf.5.xml:608
4029 "This is a list of options to pass to dpkg. The options must be specified "
4030 "using the list notation and each list item is passed as a single argument to "
4034 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4035 #: apt.conf.5.xml:614
4037 "This is a list of shell commands to run before/after invoking &dpkg;. Like "
4038 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4039 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4040 "fail APT will abort."
4043 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4044 #: apt.conf.5.xml:621
4046 "This is a list of shell commands to run before invoking dpkg. Like "
4047 "<literal>options</literal> this must be specified in list notation. The "
4048 "commands are invoked in order using <filename>/bin/sh</filename>, should any "
4049 "fail APT will abort. APT will pass to the commands on standard input the "
4050 "filenames of all .deb files it is going to install, one per line."
4053 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4054 #: apt.conf.5.xml:627
4056 "Version 2 of this protocol dumps more information, including the protocol "
4057 "version, the APT configuration space and the packages, files and versions "
4058 "being changed. Version 2 is enabled by setting <literal>DPkg::Tools::"
4059 "options::cmd::Version</literal> to 2. <literal>cmd</literal> is a command "
4060 "given to <literal>Pre-Install-Pkgs</literal>."
4063 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4064 #: apt.conf.5.xml:635
4066 "APT chdirs to this directory before invoking dpkg, the default is <filename>/"
4070 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4071 #: apt.conf.5.xml:640
4073 "These options are passed to &dpkg-buildpackage; when compiling packages, the "
4074 "default is to disable signing and produce all binaries."
4077 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4078 #: apt.conf.5.xml:645
4079 msgid "dpkg trigger usage (and related options)"
4082 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4083 #: apt.conf.5.xml:646
4085 "APT can call dpkg in a way so it can make aggressive use of triggers over "
4086 "multiple calls of dpkg. Without further options dpkg will use triggers only "
4087 "in between his own run. Activating these options can therefore decrease the "
4088 "time needed to perform the install / upgrade. Note that it is intended to "
4089 "activate these options per default in the future, but as it changes the way "
4090 "APT calling dpkg drastically it needs a lot more testing. <emphasis>These "
4091 "options are therefore currently experimental and should not be used in "
4092 "productive environments.</emphasis> Also it breaks the progress reporting so "
4093 "all frontends will currently stay around half (or more) of the time in the "
4094 "100% state while it actually configures all packages."
4097 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><literallayout>
4098 #: apt.conf.5.xml:661
4101 "DPkg::NoTriggers \"true\";\n"
4102 "PackageManager::Configure \"smart\";\n"
4103 "DPkg::ConfigurePending \"true\";\n"
4104 "DPkg::TriggersPending \"true\";"
4107 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4108 #: apt.conf.5.xml:655
4110 "Note that it is not guaranteed that APT will support these options or that "
4111 "these options will not cause (big) trouble in the future. If you have "
4112 "understand the current risks and problems with these options, but are brave "
4113 "enough to help testing them create a new configuration file and test a "
4114 "combination of options. Please report any bugs, problems and improvements "
4115 "you encounter and make sure to note which options you have used in your "
4116 "reports. Asking dpkg for help could also be useful for debugging proposes, "
4117 "see e.g. <command>dpkg --audit</command>. A defensive option combination "
4118 "would be <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4122 #: apt.conf.5.xml:668
4124 "Add the no triggers flag to all dpkg calls (except the ConfigurePending "
4125 "call). See &dpkg; if you are interested in what this actually means. In "
4126 "short: dpkg will not run the triggers when this flag is present unless it is "
4127 "explicitly called to do so in an extra call. Note that this option exists "
4128 "(undocumented) also in older apt versions with a slightly different meaning: "
4129 "Previously these option only append --no-triggers to the configure calls to "
4130 "dpkg - now apt will add these flag also to the unpack and remove calls."
4133 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4134 #: apt.conf.5.xml:676
4136 "Valid values are \"<literal>all</literal>\", \"<literal>smart</literal>\" "
4137 "and \"<literal>no</literal>\". \"<literal>all</literal>\" is the default "
4138 "value and causes APT to configure all packages explicit. The "
4139 "\"<literal>smart</literal>\" way is it to configure only packages which need "
4140 "to be configured before another package can be unpacked (Pre-Depends) and "
4141 "let the rest configure by dpkg with a call generated by the next option. "
4142 "\"<literal>no</literal>\" on the other hand will not configure anything and "
4143 "totally rely on dpkg for configuration (which will at the moment fail if a "
4144 "Pre-Depends is encountered). Setting this option to another than the all "
4145 "value will implicitly activate also the next option per default as otherwise "
4146 "the system could end in an unconfigured status which could be unbootable!"
4149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4150 #: apt.conf.5.xml:687
4152 "If this option is set apt will call <command>dpkg --configure --pending</"
4153 "command> to let dpkg handle all required configurations and triggers. This "
4154 "option is activated automatic per default if the previous option is not set "
4155 "to <literal>all</literal>, but deactivating could be useful if you want to "
4156 "run APT multiple times in a row - e.g. in an installer. In these sceneries "
4157 "you could deactivate this option in all but the last run."
4160 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4161 #: apt.conf.5.xml:694
4163 "Useful for <literal>smart</literal> configuration as a package which has "
4164 "pending triggers is not considered as <literal>installed</literal> and dpkg "
4165 "treats them as <literal>unpacked</literal> currently which is a dealbreaker "
4166 "for Pre-Dependencies (see debbugs #526774). Note that this will process all "
4167 "triggers, not only the triggers needed to configure this package."
4170 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4171 #: apt.conf.5.xml:700
4173 "As the configuration can be deferred to be done at the end by dpkg it can be "
4174 "tried to order the unpack series only by critical needs, e.g. by Pre-"
4175 "Depends. Default is true and therefore the \"old\" method of ordering in "
4176 "various steps by everything. While both method were present in earlier APT "
4177 "versions the <literal>OrderCritical</literal> method was unused, so this "
4178 "method is very experimental and needs further improvements before becoming "
4182 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para><literallayout>
4183 #: apt.conf.5.xml:715
4186 "OrderList::Score {\n"
4188 "\tEssential 200;\n"
4190 "\tPreDepends 50;\n"
4194 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4195 #: apt.conf.5.xml:708
4197 "Essential packages (and there dependencies) should be configured immediately "
4198 "after unpacking. It will be a good idea to do this quite early in the "
4199 "upgrade process as these these configure calls require currently also "
4200 "<literal>DPkg::TriggersPending</literal> which will run quite a few triggers "
4201 "(which maybe not needed). Essentials get per default a high score but the "
4202 "immediate flag is relatively low (a package which has a Pre-Depends is "
4203 "higher rated). These option and the others in the same group can be used to "
4204 "change the scoring. The following example shows the settings with there "
4205 "default values. <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" id=\"0\"/>"
4208 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4209 #: apt.conf.5.xml:728
4210 msgid "Periodic and Archives options"
4213 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4214 #: apt.conf.5.xml:729
4216 "<literal>APT::Periodic</literal> and <literal>APT::Archives</literal> groups "
4217 "of options configure behavior of apt periodic updates, which is done by "
4218 "<literal>/etc/cron.daily/apt</literal> script. See header of this script for "
4219 "the brief documentation of these options."
4222 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
4223 #: apt.conf.5.xml:737
4224 msgid "Debug options"
4227 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4228 #: apt.conf.5.xml:739
4230 "Enabling options in the <literal>Debug::</literal> section will cause "
4231 "debugging information to be sent to the standard error stream of the program "
4232 "utilizing the <literal>apt</literal> libraries, or enable special program "
4233 "modes that are primarily useful for debugging the behavior of <literal>apt</"
4234 "literal>. Most of these options are not interesting to a normal user, but a "
4238 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4239 #: apt.conf.5.xml:750
4241 "<literal>Debug::pkgProblemResolver</literal> enables output about the "
4242 "decisions made by <literal>dist-upgrade, upgrade, install, remove, purge</"
4246 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4247 #: apt.conf.5.xml:758
4249 "<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal> disables all file locking. This can be "
4250 "used to run some operations (for instance, <literal>apt-get -s install</"
4251 "literal>) as a non-root user."
4254 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4255 #: apt.conf.5.xml:767
4257 "<literal>Debug::pkgDPkgPM</literal> prints out the actual command line each "
4258 "time that <literal>apt</literal> invokes &dpkg;."
4262 #. motivating example, except I haven't a clue why you'd want
4264 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
4265 #: apt.conf.5.xml:775
4267 "<literal>Debug::IdentCdrom</literal> disables the inclusion of statfs data "
4271 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4272 #: apt.conf.5.xml:785
4273 msgid "A full list of debugging options to apt follows."
4276 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4277 #: apt.conf.5.xml:794
4279 "Print information related to accessing <literal>cdrom://</literal> sources."
4282 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4283 #: apt.conf.5.xml:805
4284 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using FTP."
4287 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4288 #: apt.conf.5.xml:816
4289 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTP."
4292 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4293 #: apt.conf.5.xml:827
4294 msgid "Print information related to downloading packages using HTTPS."
4297 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4298 #: apt.conf.5.xml:838
4300 "Print information related to verifying cryptographic signatures using "
4301 "<literal>gpg</literal>."
4304 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4305 #: apt.conf.5.xml:849
4307 "Output information about the process of accessing collections of packages "
4308 "stored on CD-ROMs."
4311 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4312 #: apt.conf.5.xml:859
4313 msgid "Describes the process of resolving build-dependencies in &apt-get;."
4316 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4317 #: apt.conf.5.xml:869
4319 "Output each cryptographic hash that is generated by the <literal>apt</"
4320 "literal> libraries."
4323 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4324 #: apt.conf.5.xml:879
4326 "Do not include information from <literal>statfs</literal>, namely the number "
4327 "of used and free blocks on the CD-ROM filesystem, when generating an ID for "
4331 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4332 #: apt.conf.5.xml:890
4334 "Disable all file locking. For instance, this will allow two instances of "
4335 "<quote><literal>apt-get update</literal></quote> to run at the same time."
4338 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4339 #: apt.conf.5.xml:902
4340 msgid "Log when items are added to or removed from the global download queue."
4343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4344 #: apt.conf.5.xml:912
4346 "Output status messages and errors related to verifying checksums and "
4347 "cryptographic signatures of downloaded files."
4350 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4351 #: apt.conf.5.xml:922
4353 "Output information about downloading and applying package index list diffs, "
4354 "and errors relating to package index list diffs."
4357 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4358 #: apt.conf.5.xml:934
4360 "Output information related to patching apt package lists when downloading "
4361 "index diffs instead of full indices."
4364 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4365 #: apt.conf.5.xml:945
4367 "Log all interactions with the sub-processes that actually perform downloads."
4370 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4371 #: apt.conf.5.xml:956
4373 "Log events related to the automatically-installed status of packages and to "
4374 "the removal of unused packages."
4377 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4378 #: apt.conf.5.xml:966
4380 "Generate debug messages describing which packages are being automatically "
4381 "installed to resolve dependencies. This corresponds to the initial auto-"
4382 "install pass performed in, e.g., <literal>apt-get install</literal>, and not "
4383 "to the full <literal>apt</literal> dependency resolver; see <literal>Debug::"
4384 "pkgProblemResolver</literal> for that."
4387 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4388 #: apt.conf.5.xml:980
4390 "Generate debug messages describing which package is marked as keep/install/"
4391 "remove while the ProblemResolver does his work. Each addition or deletion "
4392 "may trigger additional actions; they are shown indented two additional space "
4393 "under the original entry. The format for each line is <literal>MarkKeep</"
4394 "literal>, <literal>MarkDelete</literal> or <literal>MarkInstall</literal> "
4395 "followed by <literal>package-name <a.b.c -> d.e.f | x.y.z> (section)"
4396 "</literal> where <literal>a.b.c</literal> is the current version of the "
4397 "package, <literal>d.e.f</literal> is the version considered for installation "
4398 "and <literal>x.y.z</literal> is a newer version, but not considered for "
4399 "installation (because of a low pin score). The later two can be omitted if "
4400 "there is none or if it is the same version as the installed. "
4401 "<literal>section</literal> is the name of the section the package appears in."
4404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4405 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1002
4406 msgid "Dump the default configuration to standard error on startup."
4409 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4410 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1012
4412 "When invoking &dpkg;, output the precise command line with which it is being "
4413 "invoked, with arguments separated by a single space character."
4416 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4417 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1023
4419 "Output all the data received from &dpkg; on the status file descriptor and "
4420 "any errors encountered while parsing it."
4423 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4424 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1034
4426 "Generate a trace of the algorithm that decides the order in which "
4427 "<literal>apt</literal> should pass packages to &dpkg;."
4430 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4431 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1046
4433 "Output status messages tracing the steps performed when invoking &dpkg;."
4436 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4437 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1057
4438 msgid "Output the priority of each package list on startup."
4441 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4442 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1067
4444 "Trace the execution of the dependency resolver (this applies only to what "
4445 "happens when a complex dependency problem is encountered)."
4448 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4449 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1078
4451 "Display a list of all installed packages with their calculated score used by "
4452 "the pkgProblemResolver. The description of the package is the same as "
4453 "described in <literal>Debug::pkgDepCache::Marker</literal>"
4456 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
4457 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1090
4459 "Print information about the vendors read from <filename>/etc/apt/vendors."
4463 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4464 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1113
4466 "&configureindex; is a configuration file showing example values for all "
4470 #. ? reading apt.conf
4471 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4472 #: apt.conf.5.xml:1125
4474 msgid "&apt-cache;, &apt-config;, &apt-preferences;."
4475 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
4477 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
4478 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:32
4480 msgid "Preference control file for APT"
4481 msgstr "Arquivo de controle de preferências para o APT"
4483 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4484 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:37
4487 "The APT preferences file <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> and the "
4488 "fragment files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d/</filename> folder "
4489 "can be used to control which versions of packages will be selected for "
4492 "O arquivo de preferências do APT <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> "
4493 "pode ser usado para controlar quais versões de pacotes serão selecionadas "
4496 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4497 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:42
4500 "Several versions of a package may be available for installation when the "
4501 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one distribution (for "
4502 "example, <literal>stable</literal> and <literal>testing</literal>). APT "
4503 "assigns a priority to each version that is available. Subject to dependency "
4504 "constraints, <command>apt-get</command> selects the version with the highest "
4505 "priority for installation. The APT preferences file overrides the "
4506 "priorities that APT assigns to package versions by default, thus giving the "
4507 "user control over which one is selected for installation."
4509 "Diversas versões de um pacote podem estar disponíveis para instalação quando "
4510 "o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências para mais de uma distribuição "
4511 "(por exemplo, <literal>stable</literal> e <literal>testing</literal>). O APT "
4512 "atribui uma prioridade para cada versão que esteja disponível. Sujeito a "
4513 "obstáculos de dependências, o <command>apt-get</command> seleciona para "
4514 "instalação a versão com a maior prioridade. O arquivo de preferências do APT "
4515 "sobrepoe as prioridades que o APT atribui a cada versão de pacote por "
4516 "padrão, dando assim ao usuário controle sobre qual versão do pacote é "
4517 "selecionada para instalação."
4519 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4520 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:52
4523 "Several instances of the same version of a package may be available when the "
4524 "&sources-list; file contains references to more than one source. In this "
4525 "case <command>apt-get</command> downloads the instance listed earliest in "
4526 "the &sources-list; file. The APT preferences file does not affect the "
4527 "choice of instance, only the choice of version."
4529 "Diversas instâncias da mesma versão de um pacote pode estar disponíveis "
4530 "quando o arquivo &sources-list; contém referências a mais de uma fonte. "
4531 "Nesse caso, o <command>apt-get</command> faz o download da instância listada "
4532 "antes no arquivo &sources-list; . O arquivo de preferências do APT não afeta "
4533 "a escolha da instância."
4535 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4536 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:59
4538 "Preferences are a strong power in the hands of a system administrator but "
4539 "they can become also their biggest nightmare if used without care! APT will "
4540 "not questioning the preferences so wrong settings will therefore lead to "
4541 "uninstallable packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even "
4542 "more problems will arise if multiply distribution releases are mixed without "
4543 "a good understanding of the following paragraphs. Packages included in a "
4544 "specific release aren't tested in and therefore doesn't always work as "
4545 "expected in older or newer releases or together with other packages from "
4546 "different releases. You have been warned."
4549 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
4550 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:70
4552 "Note that the files in the <filename>/etc/apt/preferences.d</filename> "
4553 "directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the "
4554 "following naming convention: The files have either no or \"<literal>pref</"
4555 "literal>\" as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), "
4556 "underscore (_) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice "
4557 "that it has ignored a file if the file doesn't match a pattern in the "
4558 "<literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> configuration list - in this "
4559 "case it will be silently ignored."
4562 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4563 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:79
4565 msgid "APT's Default Priority Assignments"
4566 msgstr "Atribuições de Prioridade Padrão do APT"
4568 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4569 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:94
4571 msgid "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command>\n"
4573 "<programlisting>\n"
4574 "<command>apt-get install -t testing <replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command>\n"
4576 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
4577 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:97
4579 msgid "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4581 "<programlisting>\n"
4582 "APT::Default-Release \"stable\";\n"
4584 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4585 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:81
4588 "If there is no preferences file or if there is no entry in the file that "
4589 "applies to a particular version then the priority assigned to that version "
4590 "is the priority of the distribution to which that version belongs. It is "
4591 "possible to single out a distribution, \"the target release\", which "
4592 "receives a higher priority than other distributions do by default. The "
4593 "target release can be set on the <command>apt-get</command> command line or "
4594 "in the APT configuration file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Note "
4595 "that this has precedence over any general priority you set in the <filename>/"
4596 "etc/apt/preferences</filename> file described later, but not over "
4597 "specifically pinned packages. For example, <placeholder type="
4598 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"1\"/>"
4600 "Caso não exista um arquivo de preferências ou caso não exista uma entrada no "
4601 "arquivo que se aplique a uma instância em particular, a prioridade atribuída "
4602 "a essa instância é a prioridade da distribuição para a qual a instância "
4603 "pertence. É possível selecionar uma distribuição, conhecida como \"a versão "
4604 "alvo\" (the target release), que recebe uma prioridade maior do que as "
4605 "outras distribuições. A versão alvo pode ser definida na linha de comando do "
4606 "<command>apt-get</command> ou no arquivo de configuração do APT <filename>/"
4607 "etc/apt/apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo,"
4609 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4610 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:101
4613 "If the target release has been specified then APT uses the following "
4614 "algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign:"
4616 "Caso uma versão alvo tenha sido especificada o APT usará o seguinte "
4617 "algoritmo para definir as prioridades das instâncias de um pacote. "
4620 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4621 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:106
4624 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4626 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4627 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:107
4629 "to the versions coming from archives which in their <filename>Release</"
4630 "filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" but <emphasis>not</"
4631 "emphasis> as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4632 "<literal>experimental</literal> archive."
4635 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4636 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:113
4638 msgid "priority 100"
4639 msgstr "prioridade 100"
4641 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4642 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:114
4644 "to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming "
4645 "from archives which in their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked "
4646 "as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" and \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\" like the debian "
4647 "backports archive since <literal>squeeze-backports</literal>."
4650 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4651 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:121
4653 msgid "priority 500"
4654 msgstr "prioridade 500"
4656 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4657 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:122
4660 "to the versions that are not installed and do not belong to the target "
4663 "para as instâncias que não estã instaladas e que não pertencem a versão alvo."
4665 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
4666 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:126
4668 msgid "priority 990"
4669 msgstr "prioridade 990"
4671 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
4672 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:127
4675 "to the versions that are not installed and belong to the target release."
4677 "para as instâncias que não estejam instaladas e pertençam a versão alvo."
4679 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4680 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:132
4683 "If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns "
4684 "priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all "
4685 "uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which in "
4686 "their <filename>Release</filename> files are marked as \"NotAutomatic: yes\" "
4687 "- these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally "
4688 "marked as \"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes\"."
4690 "Caso nenhuma versão alvo tenha sido especificada, o APT simplesmente irá "
4691 "atribuir a prioridade 100 para todas as instâncias de pacotes instaladas e a "
4692 "prioridade 500 para todas as instâncias de pacotes não instaladas."
4694 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4695 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:139
4698 "APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to "
4699 "determine which version of a package to install."
4701 "O APT aplica as regras a seguir, listadas em ordem de precedência, para "
4702 "determinar qual instância de um pacote instalar."
4704 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4705 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:142
4708 "Never downgrade unless the priority of an available version exceeds 1000. "
4709 "(\"Downgrading\" is installing a less recent version of a package in place "
4710 "of a more recent version. Note that none of APT's default priorities "
4711 "exceeds 1000; such high priorities can only be set in the preferences file. "
4712 "Note also that downgrading a package can be risky.)"
4714 "Nunca faz um downgrade a menos que a prioridade de uma instância disponível "
4715 "exceda 1000. (Fazer um \"downgrade\" é instalar uma versão menos recente de "
4716 "um pacote no lugar de uma versão mais recente. Note que nenhuma das "
4717 "prioridades padrão do APT excede 1000; prioridades altas como essa podem ser "
4718 "definidas somente no arquivo de preferências. Note também que fazer um "
4719 "\"downgrade\" pode ser arriscado.)"
4721 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4722 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:148
4724 msgid "Install the highest priority version."
4725 msgstr "Instala a instância de prioridade mais alta."
4727 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4728 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:149
4731 "If two or more versions have the same priority, install the most recent one "
4732 "(that is, the one with the higher version number)."
4734 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade, instala a instância "
4735 "mais recente (ou seja, aquela com o maior número de versão)."
4737 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4738 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:152
4741 "If two or more versions have the same priority and version number but either "
4742 "the packages differ in some of their metadata or the <literal>--reinstall</"
4743 "literal> option is given, install the uninstalled one."
4745 "Caso duas ou mais instâncias possuam a mesma prioridade e número de versão "
4746 "mas os pacotes sejam diferentes em alguns de seus metadados ou a opção "
4747 "<literal>--reinstall</literal> seja fornecida, instala aquela desinstalada."
4749 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4750 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:158
4753 "In a typical situation, the installed version of a package (priority 100) "
4754 "is not as recent as one of the versions available from the sources listed in "
4755 "the &sources-list; file (priority 500 or 990). Then the package will be "
4756 "upgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4757 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4759 "Em uma situação típica, a instância instalada de um pacote (prioridade 100) "
4760 "não é tão recente quanto uma das versões disponíveis nas fontes listadas no "
4761 "arquivo &sources-list; (prioridade 500 ou 990). Então o pacote será "
4762 "atualizado quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-"
4763 "pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command> "
4766 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4767 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:165
4770 "More rarely, the installed version of a package is <emphasis>more</emphasis> "
4771 "recent than any of the other available versions. The package will not be "
4772 "downgraded when <command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</"
4773 "replaceable></command> or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed."
4775 "Mais raramente, a versão instalada de um pacote é <emphasis>mais</emphasis> "
4776 "recente do que qualquer uma das outras versões disponíveis. O dowgrade do "
4777 "pacote não será feito quando os comandos <command>apt-get install "
4778 "<replaceable>algum-pacote</replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get "
4779 "upgrade</command> forem executados."
4781 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4782 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:170
4785 "Sometimes the installed version of a package is more recent than the version "
4786 "belonging to the target release, but not as recent as a version belonging to "
4787 "some other distribution. Such a package will indeed be upgraded when "
4788 "<command>apt-get install <replaceable>some-package</replaceable></command> "
4789 "or <command>apt-get upgrade</command> is executed, because at least "
4790 "<emphasis>one</emphasis> of the available versions has a higher priority "
4791 "than the installed version."
4793 "Algumas vezes a versão instalada de um pacote é mais recente que a versão "
4794 "que pertence a versão alvo, mas não tão recente quanto a versão que pertence "
4795 "a alguma outra distribuição. Um pacote como esse será na verdade atualizado "
4796 "quando os comandos <command>apt-get install <replaceable>algum-pacote</"
4797 "replaceable></command> ou <command>apt-get upgrade</command> forem "
4798 "executados, devido a pelo menos <emphasis>uma</emphasis> das versões "
4799 "disponíveis possuir uma prioridade maior do que a versão instalada."
4801 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
4802 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:179
4804 msgid "The Effect of APT Preferences"
4805 msgstr "O Efeito das Preferências do APT"
4807 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
4808 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:181
4811 "The APT preferences file allows the system administrator to control the "
4812 "assignment of priorities. The file consists of one or more multi-line "
4813 "records separated by blank lines. Records can have one of two forms, a "
4814 "specific form and a general form."
4816 "O arquivo de preferências do APT permite ao administrador do sistema "
4817 "personalizar prioridades. O arquivo consiste de um ou mais registros de "
4818 "múltiplas linhas separados por linhas em branco. Registros podem possuir uma "
4819 "das duas formas, uma forma específica e uma forma geral."
4821 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4822 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:187
4825 "The specific form assigns a priority (a \"Pin-Priority\") to one or more "
4826 "specified packages and specified version or version range. For example, the "
4827 "following record assigns a high priority to all versions of the "
4828 "<filename>perl</filename> package whose version number begins with "
4829 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Multiple packages can be separated by spaces."
4831 "A forma específica atribui uma uma prioridade (uma \"Pin-Priority\") para um "
4832 "pacote e versão ou faixa de versão especificados. Por exemplo, o registro a "
4833 "seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões do pacote "
4834 "<filename>perl</filename> os quais tenham seus números de versão iniciando "
4835 "com \"<literal>5.8</literal>\"."
4837 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4838 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:194
4842 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4843 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4845 "<programlisting>\n"
4847 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
4848 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
4850 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4851 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:200
4854 "The general form assigns a priority to all of the package versions in a "
4855 "given distribution (that is, to all the versions of packages that are listed "
4856 "in a certain <filename>Release</filename> file) or to all of the package "
4857 "versions coming from a particular Internet site, as identified by the site's "
4858 "fully qualified domain name."
4860 "O forma geral atribui uma prioridade para todas as versões de pacotes em uma "
4861 "dada distribuição (isto é, para toda as versões de pacotes que estejam em um "
4862 "certo arquivo <filename>Release</filename>) ou para todas as versões de "
4863 "pacotes que provenientes de um site Internet em particular, como "
4864 "identificado pelo nome de domínio totalmente qualificado do site Internet."
4866 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4867 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:206
4870 "This general-form entry in the APT preferences file applies only to groups "
4871 "of packages. For example, the following record assigns a high priority to "
4872 "all package versions available from the local site."
4874 "Essa entrada de forma geral no arquivo de preferências do APT aplica-se "
4875 "somente a grupos de pacotes. Por exemplo, o registro a seguir faz com que o "
4876 "APT atribua uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de pacotes disponíveis "
4879 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4880 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:211
4884 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4885 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4887 "<programlisting>\n"
4889 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4890 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4892 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4893 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:216
4895 "A note of caution: the keyword used here is \"<literal>origin</literal>\" "
4896 "which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a "
4897 "high priority to all versions available from the server identified by the "
4898 "hostname \"ftp.de.debian.org\""
4901 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4902 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:220
4906 "Pin: origin \"ftp.de.debian.org\"\n"
4907 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4909 "<programlisting>\n"
4911 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
4912 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
4914 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4915 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:224
4918 "This should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be confused with the Origin of a "
4919 "distribution as specified in a <filename>Release</filename> file. What "
4920 "follows the \"Origin:\" tag in a <filename>Release</filename> file is not an "
4921 "Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as \"Debian\" or \"Ximian"
4924 "Uma nota de aviso : a palavra-chave usada aqui é \"<literal>origin</literal>"
4925 "\". Esta palavra não deve ser confundida com a origem (\"Origin:\") de uma "
4926 "distribuição como especificado em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. O "
4927 "que segue a tag \"Origin:\" em um arquivo <filename>Release</filename> não é "
4928 "um endereço de site Internet mas sim nome de autor ou distribuidor (vendor), "
4929 "como \"Debian\" ou \"Ximian\"."
4931 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4932 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:229
4935 "The following record assigns a low priority to all package versions "
4936 "belonging to any distribution whose Archive name is \"<literal>unstable</"
4939 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4940 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4941 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4943 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4944 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:233
4948 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4949 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4951 "<programlisting>\n"
4953 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4954 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4956 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4957 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:238
4960 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4961 "belonging to any distribution whose Codename is \"<literal>&testing-codename;"
4964 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade baixa para todas as versões de "
4965 "pacote que pertençam a qualquer distribuição cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4966 "\"<literal>unstable</literal>\"."
4968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4969 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:242
4973 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
4974 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
4976 "<programlisting>\n"
4978 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
4979 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
4981 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
4982 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:247
4985 "The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions "
4986 "belonging to any release whose Archive name is \"<literal>stable</literal>\" "
4987 "and whose release Version number is \"<literal>3.0</literal>\"."
4989 "O registro a seguir atribui uma prioridade alta para todas as versões de "
4990 "pacotes que pertençam a qualquer versão cujo nome do Repositório seja "
4991 "\"<literal>stable</literal>\" e cujo número de versão seja \"<literal>3.0</"
4994 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><programlisting>
4995 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:252
4999 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5000 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
5002 "<programlisting>\n"
5004 "Pin: release a=unstable, v=3.0\n"
5005 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5007 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5008 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:262
5009 msgid "Regular expressions and glob() syntax"
5012 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5013 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:264
5015 "APT also supports pinning by glob() expressions and regular expressions "
5016 "surrounded by /. For example, the following example assigns the priority 500 "
5017 "to all packages from experimental where the name starts with gnome (as a glob"
5018 "()-like expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX extended regular "
5019 "expression surrounded by slashes)."
5022 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5023 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:273
5026 "Package: gnome* /kde/\n"
5027 "Pin: release n=experimental\n"
5028 "Pin-Priority: 500\n"
5030 "<programlisting>\n"
5032 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5033 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5035 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5036 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:279
5038 "The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere where a "
5039 "string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the priority 990 to all "
5040 "packages from a release starting with karmic."
5043 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5044 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:285
5048 "Pin: release n=karmic*\n"
5049 "Pin-Priority: 990\n"
5051 "<programlisting>\n"
5053 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5054 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5056 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5057 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:291
5059 "If a regular expression occurs in a <literal>Package</literal> field, the "
5060 "behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced with a list "
5061 "of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether this will change in "
5062 "the future, thus you should always list wild-card pins first, so later "
5063 "specific pins override it. The pattern \"<literal>*</literal>\" in a "
5064 "Package field is not considered a glob() expression in itself."
5067 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5068 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:307
5070 msgid "How APT Interprets Priorities"
5071 msgstr "Como o APT Interpreta Prioridades"
5073 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5074 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:310
5077 "Priorities (P) assigned in the APT preferences file must be positive or "
5078 "negative integers. They are interpreted as follows (roughly speaking):"
5080 "Prioridades (P) atribuídas no arquivo de preferências do APT devem ser "
5081 "números inteiros positivos ou negativos. Eles são interpretados como a "
5082 "seguir (a grosso modo):"
5084 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5085 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:315
5088 msgstr "P > 1000"
5090 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5091 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:316
5094 "causes a version to be installed even if this constitutes a downgrade of the "
5097 "faz com que uma instância seja instalada mesmo caso isso constitua um "
5098 "dowgrade do pacote"
5100 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5101 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:320
5103 msgid "990 < P <=1000"
5104 msgstr "990 < P <=1000"
5106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5107 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:321
5110 "causes a version to be installed even if it does not come from the target "
5111 "release, unless the installed version is more recent"
5113 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada mesmo caso a mesma não venha de uma "
5114 "versão alvo, a menos que a versão instalada seja mais recente"
5116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5117 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:326
5119 msgid "500 < P <=990"
5120 msgstr "500 < P <=990"
5122 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5123 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:327
5126 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5127 "belonging to the target release or the installed version is more recent"
5129 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
5130 "disponível pertencente a versão alvo ou a versão instalada seja mais recente"
5132 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5133 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:332
5135 msgid "100 < P <=500"
5136 msgstr "100 < P <=500"
5138 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5139 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:333
5142 "causes a version to be installed unless there is a version available "
5143 "belonging to some other distribution or the installed version is more recent"
5145 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada a menos que exista uma versão "
5146 "disponível pertencente a alguma outra distribuição ou a versão instalada "
5149 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5150 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:338
5152 msgid "0 < P <=100"
5153 msgstr "0 <= P <=100"
5155 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5156 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:339
5159 "causes a version to be installed only if there is no installed version of "
5162 "faz com que uma versão seja instalada somente caso não exista uma versão "
5163 "instalada do pacote"
5165 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5166 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:343
5171 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5172 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:344
5174 msgid "prevents the version from being installed"
5175 msgstr "impede a versão de ser instalada"
5177 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5178 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:349
5181 "If any specific-form records match an available package version then the "
5182 "first such record determines the priority of the package version. Failing "
5183 "that, if any general-form records match an available package version then "
5184 "the first such record determines the priority of the package version."
5186 "Caso um dos registro de forma específica descritos acima case (match) com "
5187 "uma versão disponível do pacote então o primeiro desses registros "
5188 "encontrados determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote. Na falha desse "
5189 "cenário, caso quaisquer registros de forma genérica casem (match) com uma "
5190 "versão do pacote disponível então o primeiro desses registros encontrado "
5191 "determinará a prioridade da versão do pacote."
5193 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5194 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:355
5197 "For example, suppose the APT preferences file contains the three records "
5198 "presented earlier:"
5200 "Por exemplo, suponha que o arquivo de preferências do APT contenha os três "
5201 "registros apresentados anteriormente :"
5203 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><programlisting>
5204 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:359
5208 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5209 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5212 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5213 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5216 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5217 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5219 "<programlisting>\n"
5221 "Pin: version 5.8*\n"
5222 "Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
5225 "Pin: origin \"\"\n"
5226 "Pin-Priority: 999\n"
5229 "Pin: release unstable\n"
5230 "Pin-Priority: 50\n"
5232 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5233 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:372
5237 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5238 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:374
5241 "The most recent available version of the <literal>perl</literal> package "
5242 "will be installed, so long as that version's version number begins with "
5243 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". If <emphasis>any</emphasis> 5.8* version of "
5244 "<literal>perl</literal> is available and the installed version is 5.9*, then "
5245 "<literal>perl</literal> will be downgraded."
5247 "A versão mais recente disponível do pacote <literal>perl</literal> será "
5248 "instalado, contanto que esse número de versão da versão inicie com "
5249 "\"<literal>5.8</literal>\". Caso <emphasis>qualquer</emphasis> versão 5.8* "
5250 "de <literal>perl</literal> esteja disponível e a versão instalada seja 5.9*, "
5251 "será feito um downgrade do <literal>perl</literal>."
5253 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5254 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:379
5257 "A version of any package other than <literal>perl</literal> that is "
5258 "available from the local system has priority over other versions, even "
5259 "versions belonging to the target release."
5261 "Uma versão de qualquer pacote diferente de <literal>perl</literal> que "
5262 "esteja disponível no sistema local possui prioridade sobre outras versões, "
5263 "mesmo versões pertencentes a versão alvo."
5265 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><itemizedlist><listitem><simpara>
5266 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:383
5269 "A version of a package whose origin is not the local system but some other "
5270 "site listed in &sources-list; and which belongs to an <literal>unstable</"
5271 "literal> distribution is only installed if it is selected for installation "
5272 "and no version of the package is already installed."
5274 "Uma versão de um pacote cuja origem não seja o sistema local mas sim algum "
5275 "outro site listado no arquivo &sources-list; e que pertença a uma "
5276 "distribuição <literal>unstable</literal> é instalada somente caso a mesma "
5277 "seja selecionada para instalação e nenhuma versão do pacote já esteja "
5280 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5281 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:393
5283 msgid "Determination of Package Version and Distribution Properties"
5284 msgstr "Determinação da Versão do Pacote e Propriedades da Distribuição"
5286 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5287 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:395
5290 "The locations listed in the &sources-list; file should provide "
5291 "<filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> files to "
5292 "describe the packages available at that location."
5294 "As localidades listadas em um arquivo &sources-list; devem fornecer arquivos "
5295 "<filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</filename> para descrever "
5296 "os pacotes disponíveis nessas localidades."
5298 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5299 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:399
5302 "The <filename>Packages</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5303 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable>/"
5304 "<replaceable>component</replaceable>/<replaceable>arch</replaceable></"
5305 "filename>: for example, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/binary-i386/"
5306 "Packages</filename>. It consists of a series of multi-line records, one for "
5307 "each package available in that directory. Only two lines in each record are "
5308 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
5310 "O arquivo <filename>Packages</filename> é normalmente encontrado no "
5311 "diretório <filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable>/"
5312 "<replaceable>componente</replaceable>/<replaceable>arquitetura</"
5313 "replaceable></filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/main/"
5314 "binary-i386/Packages</filename>. O arquivo consiste de uma série de "
5315 "registros de múltiplas linhas, uma para cada pacote disponível no diretório. "
5316 "Somente duas linhas em cada registro são relevantes para definir prioridades "
5319 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5320 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:407
5322 msgid "the <literal>Package:</literal> line"
5323 msgstr "a linha <literal>Package:</literal>"
5325 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5326 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:408
5328 msgid "gives the package name"
5329 msgstr "informa o nome do pacote"
5331 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5332 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:411 apt_preferences.5.xml:461
5334 msgid "the <literal>Version:</literal> line"
5335 msgstr "a linha <literal>Version:</literal>"
5337 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5338 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:412
5340 msgid "gives the version number for the named package"
5341 msgstr "informa o número de versão do pacote"
5343 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5344 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:417
5347 "The <filename>Release</filename> file is normally found in the directory "
5348 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>dist-name</replaceable></filename>: for "
5349 "example, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, or <filename>.../"
5350 "dists/&stable-codename;/Release</filename>. It consists of a single multi-"
5351 "line record which applies to <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the packages in the "
5352 "directory tree below its parent. Unlike the <filename>Packages</filename> "
5353 "file, nearly all of the lines in a <filename>Release</filename> file are "
5354 "relevant for setting APT priorities:"
5356 "O arquivo <filename>Release</filename> é normalmente encontrado no diretório "
5357 "<filename>.../dists/<replaceable>nome-distribuição</replaceable></"
5358 "filename> : por exemplo, <filename>.../dists/stable/Release</filename>, ou "
5359 "<filename>.../dists/woody/Release</filename>. O arquivo consiste de um "
5360 "registro de múltiplas linhas o qual se aplica a <emphasis>todos</emphasis> "
5361 "os pacotes na àrvore de diretórios abaixo de seu diretório pai. Diferente do "
5362 "arquivo <filename>Packages</filename>, quase todas as linhas em um arquivo "
5363 "<filename>Release</filename> são relevantes para a definição de prioridades "
5366 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5367 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:428
5369 msgid "the <literal>Archive:</literal> or <literal>Suite:</literal> line"
5370 msgstr "a linha <literal>Archive:</literal>"
5372 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5373 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:429
5376 "names the archive to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5377 "For example, the line \"Archive: stable\" or \"Suite: stable\" specifies "
5378 "that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5379 "<filename>Release</filename> file are in a <literal>stable</literal> "
5380 "archive. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require "
5383 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5384 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5385 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5386 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5387 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5388 "requerer a linha :"
5390 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5391 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:439
5393 msgid "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5395 "<programlisting>\n"
5396 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5398 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5399 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:445
5401 msgid "the <literal>Codename:</literal> line"
5402 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5404 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5405 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:446
5408 "names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. "
5409 "For example, the line \"Codename: &testing-codename;\" specifies that all of "
5410 "the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the "
5411 "<filename>Release</filename> file belong to a version named "
5412 "<literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. Specifying this value in the APT "
5413 "preferences file would require the line:"
5415 "dá nome ao repositório para o qual todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5416 "pertencem. Por exemplo, a linha \"Archive: stable\" especifica que todos os "
5417 "pacotes na àrvore de diretório abaixo do diretório pai do arquivo "
5418 "<filename>Release</filename> estão no respositório <literal>stable</"
5419 "literal>. Especificar esse valor no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5420 "requerer a linha :"
5422 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5423 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:455
5425 msgid "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5427 "<programlisting>\n"
5428 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5430 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5431 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:462
5434 "names the release version. For example, the packages in the tree might "
5435 "belong to Debian release version 3.0. Note that there is normally "
5436 "no version number for the <literal>testing</literal> and <literal>unstable</"
5437 "literal> distributions because they have not been released yet. Specifying "
5438 "this in the APT preferences file would require one of the following lines."
5440 "dá nome a versão da distribuição. Por exemplo, os pacote na àrvore podem "
5441 "pertencer a distribuição Debian versão 3.0. Note que normalmente "
5442 "não existe número de versão para as distribuições <literal>testing</literal> "
5443 "e <literal>unstable</literal> devido as mesmas não terem sido lançadas "
5444 "ainda. Especificar isso no arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer uma "
5445 "das linhas a seguir."
5447 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5448 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:471
5451 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5452 "Pin: release a=stable, v=3.0\n"
5453 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5455 "<programlisting>\n"
5456 "Pin: release v=3.0\n"
5457 "Pin: release a=stable v=3.0\n"
5458 "Pin: release 3.0\n"
5460 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5461 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:480
5463 msgid "the <literal>Component:</literal> line"
5464 msgstr "a linha <literal>Component:</literal>"
5466 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5467 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:481
5470 "names the licensing component associated with the packages in the directory "
5471 "tree of the <filename>Release</filename> file. For example, the line "
5472 "\"Component: main\" specifies that all the packages in the directory tree "
5473 "are from the <literal>main</literal> component, which entails that they are "
5474 "licensed under terms listed in the Debian Free Software Guidelines. "
5475 "Specifying this component in the APT preferences file would require the line:"
5477 "dá nome ao componente de licenciamento associado com os pacotes na àrvore de "
5478 "diretório do arquivo <filename>Release</filename>. Por exemplo, a linha "
5479 "\"Component: main\" especifica que todos os pacotes na àrvore de diretório "
5480 "são do componente <literal>main</literal>, o que significa que as mesmas "
5481 "estão licenciadas sob os termos da Linhas Guias Debian para o Software Livre "
5482 "(a DFSG). Especificar esse componente no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5483 "requerer a linha :"
5485 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5486 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:490
5488 msgid "Pin: release c=main\n"
5490 "<programlisting>\n"
5491 "Pin: release c=main\n"
5493 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5494 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:496
5496 msgid "the <literal>Origin:</literal> line"
5497 msgstr "a linha <literal>Origin:</literal>"
5499 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5500 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:497
5503 "names the originator of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5504 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5505 "literal>. Specifying this origin in the APT preferences file would require "
5508 "dá nome ao produtor dos pacotes na àrvore de diretório do arquivo "
5509 "<filename>Release</filename>. O mais comum é esse valor ser <literal>Debian</"
5510 "literal>. Especificar essa origem no arquivo de preferências do APT iria "
5511 "requerer a linha :"
5513 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5514 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:503
5516 msgid "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5518 "<programlisting>\n"
5519 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5521 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
5522 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:509
5524 msgid "the <literal>Label:</literal> line"
5525 msgstr "a linha <literal>Label:</literal>"
5527 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><simpara>
5528 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:510
5531 "names the label of the packages in the directory tree of the "
5532 "<filename>Release</filename> file. Most commonly, this is <literal>Debian</"
5533 "literal>. Specifying this label in the APT preferences file would require "
5536 "dá nome ao rótulo (label) dos pacotes na árvore de diretório. O mais comum é "
5537 "esse valor ser <literal>Debian</literal>. Especificar esse rótulo (label) no "
5538 "arquivo de preferências do APT iria requerer a linha :"
5540 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><programlisting>
5541 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:516
5543 msgid "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5545 "<programlisting>\n"
5546 "Pin: release l=Debian\n"
5548 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5549 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:523
5552 "All of the <filename>Packages</filename> and <filename>Release</filename> "
5553 "files retrieved from locations listed in the &sources-list; file are stored "
5554 "in the directory <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename>, or in the file "
5555 "named by the variable <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> in the "
5556 "<filename>apt.conf</filename> file. For example, the file <filename>debian."
5557 "lcs.mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> "
5558 "contains the <filename>Release</filename> file retrieved from the site "
5559 "<literal>debian.lcs.mit.edu</literal> for <literal>binary-i386</literal> "
5560 "architecture files from the <literal>contrib</literal> component of the "
5561 "<literal>unstable</literal> distribution."
5563 "Todos os arquivos <filename>Packages</filename> e <filename>Release</"
5564 "filename> obtidos das localidades listadas no arquivo &sources-list; são "
5565 "mantidos no diretório <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists</filename> ou no arquivo "
5566 "indicado pela variável <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> no arquivo "
5567 "<filename>apt.conf</filename>. Por exemplo, o arquivo <filename>debian.lcs."
5568 "mit.edu_debian_dists_unstable_contrib_binary-i386_Release</filename> contém "
5569 "o arquivo <filename>Release</filename> obtido do site <literal>debian.lcs."
5570 "mit.edu</literal> para a arquitetura <literal>binary-i386</literal>, "
5571 "arquivos do componente <literal>contrib</literal> da distribuição "
5572 "<literal>unstable</literal>."
5574 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5575 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:536
5577 msgid "Optional Lines in an APT Preferences Record"
5578 msgstr "Linhas Opcionais em um Registro de Preferências do APT"
5580 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5581 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:538
5584 "Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or "
5585 "more lines beginning with the word <literal>Explanation:</literal>. This "
5586 "provides a place for comments."
5588 "Cada registro em um arquivo de preferências do APT pode opcionalmente "
5589 "iniciar com uma ou mais linhas iniciadas com a palavra <literal>Explanation:"
5590 "</literal>. Isto oferece um local para inserir comentários."
5592 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5593 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:547
5595 msgid "Tracking Stable"
5596 msgstr "Acompanhando a Stable"
5598 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5599 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:555
5602 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated\n"
5603 "Explanation: package versions other than those in the stable distro\n"
5605 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5606 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5609 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5610 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5612 "<programlisting>\n"
5613 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5614 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5616 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5617 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5620 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5621 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5623 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5624 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:549
5627 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5628 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5629 "<literal>stable</literal> distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5630 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> "
5631 "distributions. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5633 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5634 "prioridade maior do que a prioridade padrão (500) para todas as versões de "
5635 "pacotes pertencentes a distribuição <literal>stable</literal> e uma "
5636 "prioridade proibitivamente baixa para versões de pacotes pertencentes a "
5637 "outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5639 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5640 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:572 apt_preferences.5.xml:618
5641 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:676
5644 "apt-get install <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>\n"
5646 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5648 "<programlisting>\n"
5649 "apt-get install <replaceable>nome-pacote</replaceable>\n"
5651 "apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
5653 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5654 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:567
5657 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5658 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5659 "<literal>stable</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5662 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5663 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5664 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5666 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5667 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:584
5669 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing\n"
5671 "<programlisting>\n"
5672 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5674 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5675 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:578
5678 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5679 "latest version from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution; the package "
5680 "will not be upgraded again unless this command is given again. <placeholder "
5681 "type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5683 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5684 "última versão da distribuição <literal>testing</literal>; o pacote não serpa "
5685 "atualizado novamente a menos que esse comando seja executado novamente."
5687 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5688 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:590
5690 msgid "Tracking Testing or Unstable"
5691 msgstr "Acompanhando a Testing"
5693 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5694 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:599
5698 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5699 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5702 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5703 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5706 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5707 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5709 "<programlisting>\n"
5711 "Pin: release a=testing\n"
5712 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5715 "Pin: release a=unstable\n"
5716 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5719 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5720 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5722 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5723 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:592
5726 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a high priority "
5727 "to package versions from the <literal>testing</literal> distribution, a "
5728 "lower priority to package versions from the <literal>unstable</literal> "
5729 "distribution, and a prohibitively low priority to package versions from "
5730 "other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions. <placeholder type="
5731 "\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5733 "O arquivo de preferências do APT a seguir fará com que o APT atribua uma "
5734 "prioridade maior para versões de pacote da distribuição <literal>testing</"
5735 "literal>, uma prioridade menor para versões de pacotes da distribuição "
5736 "<literal>unstable</literal> e uma prioridade proibitivamente baixa para "
5737 "versões de pacotes de outras distribuições <literal>Debian</literal>."
5739 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5740 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:613
5743 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5744 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest "
5745 "<literal>testing</literal> version(s). <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" "
5748 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; adequado e o arquivo de preferências do APT "
5749 "acima, quaisquer dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a"
5750 "(s) última(s) versão(ões) <literal>testing</literal>."
5752 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5753 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:633
5755 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5757 "<programlisting>\n"
5758 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/unstable\n"
5760 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5761 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:624
5764 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5765 "latest version from the <literal>unstable</literal> distribution. "
5766 "Thereafter, <command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to "
5767 "the most recent <literal>testing</literal> version if that is more recent "
5768 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>unstable</"
5769 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5770 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5772 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5773 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5774 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5775 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5776 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5777 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5778 "recente que a versão instalada."
5780 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><title>
5781 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:640
5782 msgid "Tracking the evolution of a codename release"
5785 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5786 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:654
5789 "Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions\n"
5790 "Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid\n"
5792 "Pin: release n=&testing-codename;\n"
5793 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5795 "Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid\n"
5797 "Pin: release n=sid\n"
5798 "Pin-Priority: 800\n"
5801 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5802 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5804 "<programlisting>\n"
5805 "Explanation: Desinstala ou não instala nenhuma versão de pacote originada\n"
5806 "Explanation: do Debian a não ser aquelas na distribuição stable\n"
5808 "Pin: release a=stable\n"
5809 "Pin-Priority: 900\n"
5812 "Pin: release o=Debian\n"
5813 "Pin-Priority: -10\n"
5815 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5816 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:642
5818 "The following APT preferences file will cause APT to assign a priority "
5819 "higher than the default (500) to all package versions belonging to a "
5820 "specified codename of a distribution and a prohibitively low priority to "
5821 "package versions belonging to other <literal>Debian</literal> distributions, "
5822 "codenames and archives. Note that with this APT preference APT will follow "
5823 "the migration of a release from the archive <literal>testing</literal> to "
5824 "<literal>stable</literal> and later <literal>oldstable</literal>. If you "
5825 "want to follow for example the progress in <literal>testing</literal> "
5826 "notwithstanding the codename changes you should use the example "
5827 "configurations above. <placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5830 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5831 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:671
5834 "With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of "
5835 "the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the latest version(s) in "
5836 "the release codenamed with <literal>&testing-codename;</literal>. "
5837 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5839 "Com um arquivo &sources-list; apropriado e o arquivo de preferências acima, "
5840 "quaisquer um dos comandos a seguir farão com que o APT atualize para a(s) "
5841 "ulítma(s) versão(ôes) <literal>stable</literal>."
5843 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para><programlisting>
5844 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:691
5846 msgid "apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/sid\n"
5848 "<programlisting>\n"
5849 "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
5851 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><refsect2><para>
5852 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:682
5855 "The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the "
5856 "latest version from the <literal>sid</literal> distribution. Thereafter, "
5857 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> will upgrade the package to the most "
5858 "recent <literal>&testing-codename;</literal> version if that is more recent "
5859 "than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent <literal>sid</"
5860 "literal> version if that is more recent than the installed version. "
5861 "<placeholder type=\"programlisting\" id=\"0\"/>"
5863 "O comando a seguir fará com que o APT atualize o pacote especificado para a "
5864 "última versão da distribuição <literal>unstable</literal>. Assim, o comando "
5865 "<command>apt-get upgrade</command> irá atualizar o pacote para a versão "
5866 "<literal>testing</literal> mais recente caso essa versão seja mais recente "
5867 "que a versão instalada, caso não seja, o pacote será atualizado para a "
5868 "versão <literal>unstable</literal> mais recente caso a mesma seja mais "
5869 "recente que a versão instalada."
5871 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5872 #: apt_preferences.5.xml:706
5874 msgid "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5875 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
5877 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refnamediv><refpurpose>
5878 #: sources.list.5.xml:33
5879 msgid "Package resource list for APT"
5882 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5883 #: sources.list.5.xml:37
5885 "The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package "
5886 "distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page "
5887 "documents only the packaging system used by the Debian system. "
5888 "This control file is <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>."
5891 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5892 #: sources.list.5.xml:42
5894 "The source list is designed to support any number of active sources and a "
5895 "variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the most "
5896 "preferred source listed first. The format of each line is: <literal>type uri "
5897 "args</literal> The first item, <literal>type</literal> determines the format "
5898 "for <literal>args</literal>. <literal>uri</literal> is a Universal Resource "
5899 "Identifier (URI), which is a superset of the more specific and well-known "
5900 "Universal Resource Locator, or URL. The rest of the line can be marked as a "
5901 "comment by using a #."
5904 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5905 #: sources.list.5.xml:53
5906 msgid "sources.list.d"
5909 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5910 #: sources.list.5.xml:54
5912 "The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d</filename> directory provides a way to "
5913 "add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for "
5914 "the regular <filename>sources.list</filename> file. File names need to end "
5915 "with <filename>.list</filename> and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), "
5916 "digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. "
5917 "Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file if the file "
5918 "doesn't match a pattern in the <literal>Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently</literal> "
5919 "configuration list - in this case it will be silently ignored."
5922 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
5923 #: sources.list.5.xml:65
5924 msgid "The deb and deb-src types"
5927 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5928 #: sources.list.5.xml:66
5930 "The <literal>deb</literal> type describes a typical two-level Debian "
5931 "archive, <filename>distribution/component</filename>. Typically, "
5932 "<literal>distribution</literal> is generally an archivename like "
5933 "<literal>stable</literal> or <literal>testing</literal> or a codename like "
5934 "<literal>&stable-codename;</literal> or <literal>&testing-codename;</"
5935 "literal> while component is one of <literal>main</literal> <literal>contrib</"
5936 "literal> or <literal>non-free</literal>. The <literal>deb-src</literal> type "
5937 "describes a debian distribution's source code in the same form as the "
5938 "<literal>deb</literal> type. A <literal>deb-src</literal> line is required "
5939 "to fetch source indexes."
5942 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5943 #: sources.list.5.xml:78
5945 "The format for a <filename>sources.list</filename> entry using the "
5946 "<literal>deb</literal> and <literal>deb-src</literal> types is:"
5949 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
5950 #: sources.list.5.xml:81
5952 msgid "deb [ options ] uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]"
5955 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5956 #: sources.list.5.xml:83
5958 "The URI for the <literal>deb</literal> type must specify the base of the "
5959 "Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. "
5960 "<literal>distribution</literal> can specify an exact path, in which case the "
5961 "components must be omitted and <literal>distribution</literal> must end with "
5962 "a slash (/). This is useful for when the case only a particular sub-section "
5963 "of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If <literal>distribution</"
5964 "literal> does not specify an exact path, at least one <literal>component</"
5965 "literal> must be present."
5968 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5969 #: sources.list.5.xml:92
5971 "<literal>distribution</literal> may also contain a variable, <literal>$(ARCH)"
5972 "</literal> which expands to the Debian architecture (i386, m68k, "
5973 "powerpc, ...) used on the system. This permits architecture-independent "
5974 "<filename>sources.list</filename> files to be used. In general this is only "
5975 "of interest when specifying an exact path, <literal>APT</literal> will "
5976 "automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise."
5979 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5980 #: sources.list.5.xml:100
5982 "Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary to "
5983 "have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available "
5984 "distributions or components at that location is desired. APT will sort the "
5985 "URI list after it has generated a complete set internally, and will collapse "
5986 "multiple references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single "
5987 "connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish an FTP connection, "
5988 "close it, do something else, and then re-establish a connection to that same "
5989 "host. This feature is useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the "
5990 "number of simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to "
5991 "different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth."
5994 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
5995 #: sources.list.5.xml:112
5997 "<literal>options</literal> is always optional and needs to be surounded by "
5998 "square brackets. It can consist of multiple settings in the form "
5999 "<literal><replaceable>setting</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</"
6000 "replaceable></literal>. Multiple settings are separated by spaces. The "
6001 "following settings are supported by APT, note though that unsupported "
6002 "settings will be ignored silently:"
6005 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
6006 #: sources.list.5.xml:117
6008 "<literal>arch=<replaceable>arch1</replaceable>,<replaceable>arch2</"
6009 "replaceable>,…</literal> can be used to specify for which architectures "
6010 "packages information should be downloaded. If this option is not set all "
6011 "architectures defined by the <literal>APT::Architectures</literal> option "
6012 "will be downloaded."
6015 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
6016 #: sources.list.5.xml:121
6018 "<literal>trusted=yes</literal> can be set to indicate that packages from "
6019 "this source are always authenticated even if the <filename>Release</"
6020 "filename> file is not signed or the signature can't be checked. This "
6021 "disables parts of &apt-secure; and should therefore only be used in a local "
6022 "and trusted context. <literal>trusted=no</literal> is the opposite which "
6023 "handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated."
6026 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6027 #: sources.list.5.xml:128
6029 "It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most "
6030 "preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by "
6031 "speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, "
6032 "followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)."
6035 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6036 #: sources.list.5.xml:133
6038 msgid "Some examples:"
6041 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6042 #: sources.list.5.xml:135
6045 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main contrib non-free\n"
6046 "deb http://security.debian.org/ &stable-codename;/updates main contrib non-free\n"
6050 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><title>
6051 #: sources.list.5.xml:141
6052 msgid "URI specification"
6055 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6056 #: sources.list.5.xml:143
6057 msgid "The currently recognized URI types are:"
6060 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6061 #: sources.list.5.xml:147
6063 "The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be "
6064 "considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or "
6068 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6069 #: sources.list.5.xml:154
6071 "The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CDROM drive with media swapping. "
6072 "Use the &apt-cdrom; program to create cdrom entries in the source list."
6075 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6076 #: sources.list.5.xml:161
6078 "The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment "
6079 "variable <envar>http_proxy</envar> is set with the format http://server:"
6080 "port/, the proxy server specified in <envar>http_proxy</envar> will be used. "
6081 "Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format "
6082 "http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of "
6086 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6087 #: sources.list.5.xml:172
6089 "The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior "
6090 "is highly configurable; for more information see the &apt-conf; manual page. "
6091 "Please note that a ftp proxy can be specified by using the <envar>ftp_proxy</"
6092 "envar> environment variable. It is possible to specify a http proxy (http "
6093 "proxy servers often understand ftp urls) using this method and ONLY this "
6094 "method. ftp proxies using http specified in the configuration file will be "
6098 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6099 #: sources.list.5.xml:183
6101 "The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are "
6102 "copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. "
6103 "This is useful for people using a zip disk to copy files around with APT."
6106 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6107 #: sources.list.5.xml:190
6109 "The rsh/ssh method invokes rsh/ssh to connect to a remote host as a given "
6110 "user and access the files. It is a good idea to do prior arrangements with "
6111 "RSA keys or rhosts. Access to files on the remote uses standard "
6112 "<command>find</command> and <command>dd</command> commands to perform the "
6113 "file transfers from the remote."
6116 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
6117 #: sources.list.5.xml:198
6118 msgid "adding more recognizable URI types"
6121 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
6122 #: sources.list.5.xml:200
6124 "APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages "
6125 "which should follow the nameing scheme <package>apt-transport-"
6126 "<replaceable>method</replaceable></package>. The APT team e.g. maintains "
6127 "also the <package>apt-transport-https</package> package which provides "
6128 "access methods for https-URIs with features similar to the http method, but "
6129 "other methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available, see &apt-"
6130 "transport-debtorrent;."
6133 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6134 #: sources.list.5.xml:212
6136 "Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for "
6137 "stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free."
6140 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6141 #: sources.list.5.xml:214
6143 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free"
6146 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6147 #: sources.list.5.xml:216
6148 msgid "As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution."
6151 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6152 #: sources.list.5.xml:217
6154 msgid "deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6157 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6158 #: sources.list.5.xml:219
6159 msgid "Source line for the above"
6162 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6163 #: sources.list.5.xml:220
6165 msgid "deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free"
6168 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6169 #: sources.list.5.xml:222
6171 "The first line gets package information for the architectures in "
6172 "<literal>APT::Architectures</literal> while the second always retrieves "
6173 "<literal>amd64</literal> and <literal>armel</literal>."
6176 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6177 #: sources.list.5.xml:224
6180 "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main\n"
6181 "deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; main"
6184 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6185 #: sources.list.5.xml:227
6187 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the "
6191 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6192 #: sources.list.5.xml:229
6194 msgid "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main"
6197 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6198 #: sources.list.5.xml:231
6200 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6201 "directory, and uses only the &stable-codename;/contrib area."
6204 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6205 #: sources.list.5.xml:233
6207 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian &stable-codename; contrib"
6210 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6211 #: sources.list.5.xml:235
6213 "Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian "
6214 "directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as "
6215 "well as the one in the previous example in <filename>sources.list</filename> "
6216 "a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines."
6219 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><literallayout>
6220 #: sources.list.5.xml:239
6222 msgid "deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib"
6225 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para><literallayout>
6226 #: sources.list.5.xml:248
6228 msgid "deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/"
6231 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6232 #: sources.list.5.xml:241
6234 "Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp.tlh.debian.org, under the universe "
6235 "directory, and uses only files found under <filename>unstable/binary-i386</"
6236 "filename> on i386 machines, <filename>unstable/binary-amd64</filename> on "
6237 "amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example "
6238 "only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian "
6239 "archives are not structured like this] <placeholder type=\"literallayout\" "
6243 #. type: Content of: <refentry><refsect1><para>
6244 #: sources.list.5.xml:253
6246 msgid "&apt-cache; &apt-conf;"
6247 msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
6249 #. type: <title></title>
6251 msgid "APT User's Guide"
6254 #. type: <author></author>
6255 #: guide.sgml:6 offline.sgml:6
6256 msgid "<name>Jason Gunthorpe </name><email>jgg@debian.org</email>"
6259 #. type: <version></version>
6261 msgid "$Id: guide.sgml,v 1.7 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $"
6264 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
6267 "This document provides an overview of how to use the the APT package manager."
6270 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
6272 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1998."
6276 #: guide.sgml:21 offline.sgml:22
6278 "\"APT\" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/"
6279 "or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as "
6280 "published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, "
6281 "or (at your option) any later version."
6285 #: guide.sgml:24 offline.sgml:25
6287 "For more details, on Debian systems, see the file /usr/share/"
6288 "common-licenses/GPL for the full license."
6291 #. type: <heading></heading>
6299 "The APT package currently contains two sections, the APT <prgn>dselect</"
6300 "prgn> method and the <prgn>apt-get</prgn> command line user interface. Both "
6301 "provide a way to install and remove packages as well as download new "
6302 "packages from the Internet."
6305 #. type: <heading></heading>
6307 msgid "Anatomy of the Package System"
6313 "The Debian packaging system has a large amount of information associated "
6314 "with each package to help assure that it integrates cleanly and easily into "
6315 "the system. The most prominent of its features is the dependency system."
6321 "The dependency system allows individual programs to make use of shared "
6322 "elements in the system such as libraries. It simplifies placing infrequently "
6323 "used portions of a program in separate packages to reduce the number of "
6324 "things the average user is required to install. Also, it allows for choices "
6325 "in mail transport agents, X servers and so on."
6331 "The first step to understanding the dependency system is to grasp the "
6332 "concept of a simple dependency. The meaning of a simple dependency is that a "
6333 "package requires another package to be installed at the same time to work "
6340 "For instance, mailcrypt is an emacs extension that aids in encrypting email "
6341 "with GPG. Without GPGP installed mailcrypt is useless, so mailcrypt has a "
6342 "simple dependency on GPG. Also, because it is an emacs extension it has a "
6343 "simple dependency on emacs, without emacs it is completely useless."
6349 "The other important dependency to understand is a conflicting dependency. It "
6350 "means that a package, when installed with another package, will not work and "
6351 "may possibly be extremely harmful to the system. As an example consider a "
6352 "mail transport agent such as sendmail, exim or qmail. It is not possible to "
6353 "have two mail transport agents installed because both need to listen to the "
6354 "network to receive mail. Attempting to install two will seriously damage the "
6355 "system so all mail transport agents have a conflicting dependency with all "
6356 "other mail transport agents."
6362 "As an added complication there is the possibility for a package to pretend "
6363 "to be another package. Consider that exim and sendmail for many intents are "
6364 "identical, they both deliver mail and understand a common interface. Hence, "
6365 "the package system has a way for them to declare that they are both mail-"
6366 "transport-agents. So, exim and sendmail both declare that they provide a "
6367 "mail-transport-agent and other packages that need a mail transport agent "
6368 "depend on mail-transport-agent. This can add a great deal of confusion when "
6369 "trying to manually fix packages."
6375 "At any given time a single dependency may be met by packages that are "
6376 "already installed or it may not be. APT attempts to help resolve dependency "
6377 "issues by providing a number of automatic algorithms that help in selecting "
6378 "packages for installation."
6381 #. type: <heading></heading>
6389 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> provides a simple way to install packages from the "
6390 "command line. Unlike <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, <prgn>apt-get</prgn> does not "
6391 "understand .deb files, it works with the package's proper name and can only "
6392 "install .deb archives from a <em>Source</em>."
6398 "The first <footnote><p>If you are using an http proxy server you must set "
6399 "the http_proxy environment variable first, see sources.list(5)</p></"
6400 "footnote> thing that should be done before using <prgn>apt-get</prgn> is to "
6401 "fetch the package lists from the <em>Sources</em> so that it knows what "
6402 "packages are available. This is done with <tt>apt-get update</tt>. For "
6406 #. type: <example></example>
6410 "# apt-get update\n"
6411 "Get http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6412 "Get http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6413 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6414 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6417 #. type: <p><taglist>
6419 msgid "Once updated there are several commands that can be used:"
6422 #. type: <tag></tag>
6430 "Upgrade will attempt to gently upgrade the whole system. Upgrade will never "
6431 "install a new package or remove an existing package, nor will it ever "
6432 "upgrade a package that might cause some other package to break. This can be "
6433 "used daily to relatively safely upgrade the system. Upgrade will list all of "
6434 "the packages that it could not upgrade, this usually means that they depend "
6435 "on new packages or conflict with some other package. <prgn>dselect</prgn> or "
6436 "<tt>apt-get install</tt> can be used to force these packages to install."
6439 #. type: <tag></tag>
6447 "Install is used to install packages by name. The package is automatically "
6448 "fetched and installed. This can be useful if you already know the name of "
6449 "the package to install and do not want to go into a GUI to select it. Any "
6450 "number of packages may be passed to install, they will all be fetched. "
6451 "Install automatically attempts to resolve dependency problems with the "
6452 "listed packages and will print a summary and ask for confirmation if "
6453 "anything other than its arguments are changed."
6456 #. type: <tag></tag>
6458 msgid "dist-upgrade"
6464 "Dist-upgrade is a complete upgrader designed to simplify upgrading between "
6465 "releases of Debian. It uses a sophisticated algorithm to determine the best "
6466 "set of packages to install, upgrade and remove to get as much of the system "
6467 "to the newest release. In some situations it may be desired to use dist-"
6468 "upgrade rather than spend the time manually resolving dependencies in "
6469 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. Once dist-upgrade has completed then <prgn>dselect</"
6470 "prgn> can be used to install any packages that may have been left out."
6476 "It is important to closely look at what dist-upgrade is going to do, its "
6477 "decisions may sometimes be quite surprising."
6483 "<prgn>apt-get</prgn> has several command line options that are detailed in "
6484 "its man page, <manref section=\"8\" name=\"apt-get\">. The most useful "
6485 "option is <tt>-d</tt> which does not install the fetched files. If the "
6486 "system has to download a large number of package it would be undesired to "
6487 "start installing them in case something goes wrong. When <tt>-d</tt> is used "
6488 "the downloaded archives can be installed by simply running the command that "
6489 "caused them to be downloaded again without <tt>-d</tt>."
6492 #. type: <heading></heading>
6500 "The APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method provides the complete APT system with "
6501 "the <prgn>dselect</prgn> package selection GUI. <prgn>dselect</prgn> is used "
6502 "to select the packages to be installed or removed and APT actually installs "
6509 "To enable the APT method you need to select [A]ccess in <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6510 "and then choose the APT method. You will be prompted for a set of "
6511 "<em>Sources</em> which are places to fetch archives from. These can be "
6512 "remote Internet sites, local Debian mirrors or CDROMs. Each source can "
6513 "provide a fragment of the total Debian archive, APT will automatically "
6514 "combine them to form a complete set of packages. If you have a CDROM then it "
6515 "is a good idea to specify it first and then specify a mirror so that you "
6516 "have access to the latest bug fixes. APT will automatically use packages on "
6517 "your CDROM before downloading from the Internet."
6520 #. type: <example></example>
6524 " Set up a list of distribution source locations\n"
6526 " Please give the base URL of the debian distribution.\n"
6527 " The access schemes I know about are: http file\n"
6530 " file:/mnt/debian,\n"
6531 " ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian,\n"
6532 " http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian,\n"
6535 " URL [http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian]:"
6541 "The <em>Sources</em> setup starts by asking for the base of the Debian "
6542 "archive, defaulting to a HTTP mirror. Next it asks for the distribution to "
6546 #. type: <example></example>
6550 " Please give the distribution tag to get or a path to the\n"
6551 " package file ending in a /. The distribution\n"
6552 " tags are typically something like: stable unstable testing non-US\n"
6554 " Distribution [stable]:"
6560 "The distribution refers to the Debian version in the archive, <em>stable</"
6561 "em> refers to the latest released version and <em>unstable</em> refers to "
6562 "the developmental version. <em>non-US</em> is only available on some mirrors "
6563 "and refers to packages that contain encryption technology or other things "
6564 "that cannot be exported from the United States. Importing these packages "
6565 "into the US is legal however."
6568 #. type: <example></example>
6572 " Please give the components to get\n"
6573 " The components are typically something like: main contrib non-free\n"
6575 " Components [main contrib non-free]:"
6581 "The components list refers to the list of sub distributions to fetch. The "
6582 "distribution is split up based on software licenses, main being DFSG free "
6583 "packages while contrib and non-free contain things that have various "
6584 "restrictions placed on their use and distribution."
6590 "Any number of sources can be added, the setup script will continue to prompt "
6591 "until you have specified all that you want."
6597 "Before starting to use <prgn>dselect</prgn> it is necessary to update the "
6598 "available list by selecting [U]pdate from the menu. This is a superset of "
6599 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> that makes the fetched information available to "
6600 "<prgn>dselect</prgn>. [U]pdate must be performed even if <tt>apt-get update</"
6601 "tt> has been run before."
6607 "You can then go on and make your selections using [S]elect and then perform "
6608 "the installation using [I]nstall. When using the APT method the [C]onfig and "
6609 "[R]emove commands have no meaning, the [I]nstall command performs both of "
6616 "By default APT will automatically remove the package (.deb) files once they "
6617 "have been successfully installed. To change this behavior place <tt>Dselect::"
6618 "clean \"prompt\";</tt> in /etc/apt/apt.conf."
6621 #. type: <heading></heading>
6623 msgid "The Interface"
6629 "Both that APT <prgn>dselect</prgn> method and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> share the "
6630 "same interface. It is a simple system that generally tells you what it will "
6631 "do and then goes and does it. <footnote><p>The <prgn>dselect</prgn> method "
6632 "actually is a set of wrapper scripts to <prgn>apt-get</prgn>. The method "
6633 "actually provides more functionality than is present in <prgn>apt-get</prgn> "
6634 "alone.</p></footnote> After printing out a summary of what will happen APT "
6635 "then will print out some informative status messages so that you can "
6636 "estimate how far along it is and how much is left to do."
6639 #. type: <heading></heading>
6647 "Before all operations except update, APT performs a number of actions to "
6648 "prepare its internal state. It also does some checks of the system's state. "
6649 "At any time these operations can be performed by running <tt>apt-get check</"
6653 #. type: <example></example>
6658 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6659 "Building Dependency Tree... Done"
6665 "The first thing it does is read all the package files into memory. APT uses "
6666 "a caching scheme so this operation will be faster the second time it is run. "
6667 "If some of the package files are not found then they will be ignored and a "
6668 "warning will be printed when apt-get exits."
6674 "The final operation performs a detailed analysis of the system's "
6675 "dependencies. It checks every dependency of every installed or unpacked "
6676 "package and considers if it is OK. Should this find a problem then a report "
6677 "will be printed out and <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will refuse to run."
6680 #. type: <example></example>
6685 "Reading Package Lists... Done\n"
6686 "Building Dependency Tree... Done\n"
6687 "You might want to run apt-get -f install' to correct these.\n"
6688 "Sorry, but the following packages have unmet dependencies:\n"
6689 " 9fonts: Depends: xlib6g but it is not installed\n"
6690 " uucp: Depends: mailx but it is not installed\n"
6691 " blast: Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6692 " adduser: Depends: perl-base but it is not installed\n"
6693 " aumix: Depends: libgpmg1 but it is not installed\n"
6694 " debiandoc-sgml: Depends: sgml-base but it is not installed\n"
6695 " bash-builtins: Depends: bash (>= 2.01) but 2.0-3 is installed\n"
6696 " cthugha: Depends: svgalibg1 but it is not installed\n"
6697 " Depends: xlib6g (>= 3.3-5) but it is not installed\n"
6698 " libreadlineg2: Conflicts:libreadline2 (<< 2.1-2.1)"
6704 "In this example the system has many problems, including a serious problem "
6705 "with libreadlineg2. For each package that has unmet dependencies a line is "
6706 "printed out indicating the package with the problem and the dependencies "
6707 "that are unmet. A short explanation of why the package has a dependency "
6708 "problem is also included."
6714 "There are two ways a system can get into a broken state like this. The first "
6715 "is caused by <prgn>dpkg</prgn> missing some subtle relationships between "
6716 "packages when performing upgrades. <footnote><p>APT however considers all "
6717 "known dependencies and attempts to prevent broken packages</p></footnote>. "
6718 "The second is if a package installation fails during an operation. In this "
6719 "situation a package may have been unpacked without its dependents being "
6726 "The second situation is much less serious than the first because APT places "
6727 "certain constraints on the order that packages are installed. In both cases "
6728 "supplying the <tt>-f</tt> option to <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will cause APT to "
6729 "deduce a possible solution to the problem and then continue on. The APT "
6730 "<prgn>dselect</prgn> method always supplies the <tt>-f</tt> option to allow "
6731 "for easy continuation of failed maintainer scripts."
6737 "However, if the <tt>-f</tt> option is used to correct a seriously broken "
6738 "system caused by the first case then it is possible that it will either fail "
6739 "immediately or the installation sequence will fail. In either case it is "
6740 "necessary to manually use dpkg (possibly with forcing options) to correct "
6741 "the situation enough to allow APT to proceed."
6744 #. type: <heading></heading>
6746 msgid "The Status Report"
6752 "Before proceeding <prgn>apt-get</prgn> will present a report on what will "
6753 "happen. Generally the report reflects the type of operation being performed "
6754 "but there are several common elements. In all cases the lists reflect the "
6755 "final state of things, taking into account the <tt>-f</tt> option and any "
6756 "other relevant activities to the command being executed."
6759 #. type: <heading></heading>
6761 msgid "The Extra Package list"
6764 #. type: <example></example>
6768 "The following extra packages will be installed:\n"
6769 " libdbd-mysql-perl xlib6 zlib1 xzx libreadline2 libdbd-msql-perl\n"
6770 " mailpgp xdpkg fileutils pinepgp zlib1g xlib6g perl-base\n"
6771 " bin86 libgdbm1 libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 bcc xbuffy\n"
6772 " squake pgp-i python-base debmake ldso perl libreadlineg2\n"
6779 "The Extra Package list shows all of the packages that will be installed or "
6780 "upgraded in excess of the ones mentioned on the command line. It is only "
6781 "generated for an <tt>install</tt> command. The listed packages are often the "
6782 "result of an Auto Install."
6785 #. type: <heading></heading>
6787 msgid "The Packages to Remove"
6790 #. type: <example></example>
6794 "The following packages will be REMOVED:\n"
6795 " xlib6-dev xpat2 tk40-dev xkeycaps xbattle xonix\n"
6796 " xdaliclock tk40 tk41 xforms0.86 ghostview xloadimage xcolorsel\n"
6797 " xadmin xboard perl-debug tkined xtetris libreadline2-dev perl-suid\n"
6804 "The Packages to Remove list shows all of the packages that will be removed "
6805 "from the system. It can be shown for any of the operations and should be "
6806 "given a careful inspection to ensure nothing important is to be taken off. "
6807 "The <tt>-f</tt> option is especially good at generating packages to remove "
6808 "so extreme care should be used in that case. The list may contain packages "
6809 "that are going to be removed because they are only partially installed, "
6810 "possibly due to an aborted installation."
6813 #. type: <heading></heading>
6815 msgid "The New Packages list"
6818 #. type: <example></example>
6822 "The following NEW packages will installed:\n"
6823 " zlib1g xlib6g perl-base libgdbmg1 quake-lib gmp2 pgp-i python-base"
6829 "The New Packages list is simply a reminder of what will happen. The packages "
6830 "listed are not presently installed in the system but will be when APT is "
6834 #. type: <heading></heading>
6836 msgid "The Kept Back list"
6839 #. type: <example></example>
6843 "The following packages have been kept back\n"
6844 " compface man-db tetex-base msql libpaper svgalib1\n"
6845 " gs snmp arena lynx xpat2 groff xscreensaver"
6851 "Whenever the whole system is being upgraded there is the possibility that "
6852 "new versions of packages cannot be installed because they require new things "
6853 "or conflict with already installed things. In this case the package will "
6854 "appear in the Kept Back list. The best way to convince packages listed there "
6855 "to install is with <tt>apt-get install</tt> or by using <prgn>dselect</prgn> "
6856 "to resolve their problems."
6859 #. type: <heading></heading>
6861 msgid "Held Packages warning"
6864 #. type: <example></example>
6868 "The following held packages will be changed:\n"
6875 "Sometimes you can ask APT to install a package that is on hold, in such a "
6876 "case it prints out a warning that the held package is going to be changed. "
6877 "This should only happen during dist-upgrade or install."
6880 #. type: <heading></heading>
6882 msgid "Final summary"
6888 "Finally, APT will print out a summary of all the changes that will occur."
6891 #. type: <example></example>
6895 "206 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 23 to remove and 51 not upgraded.\n"
6896 "12 packages not fully installed or removed.\n"
6897 "Need to get 65.7M/66.7M of archives. After unpacking 26.5M will be used."
6903 "The first line of the summary simply is a reduced version of all of the "
6904 "lists and includes the number of upgrades - that is packages already "
6905 "installed that have new versions available. The second line indicates the "
6906 "number of poorly configured packages, possibly the result of an aborted "
6907 "installation. The final line shows the space requirements that the "
6908 "installation needs. The first pair of numbers refer to the size of the "
6909 "archive files. The first number indicates the number of bytes that must be "
6910 "fetched from remote locations and the second indicates the total size of all "
6911 "the archives required. The next number indicates the size difference between "
6912 "the presently installed packages and the newly installed packages. It is "
6913 "roughly equivalent to the space required in /usr after everything is done. "
6914 "If a large number of packages are being removed then the value may indicate "
6915 "the amount of space that will be freed."
6921 "Some other reports can be generated by using the -u option to show packages "
6922 "to upgrade, they are similar to the previous examples."
6925 #. type: <heading></heading>
6927 msgid "The Status Display"
6933 "During the download of archives and package files APT prints out a series of "
6937 #. type: <example></example>
6941 "# apt-get update\n"
6942 "Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US/ Packages\n"
6943 "Get:2 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/contrib Packages\n"
6944 "Hit http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/main Packages\n"
6945 "Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US/ unstable/binary-i386/ Packages\n"
6946 "Get:5 http://llug.sep.bnl.gov/debian/ testing/non-free Packages\n"
6947 "11% [5 testing/non-free `Waiting for file' 0/32.1k 0%] 2203b/s 1m52s"
6953 "The lines starting with <em>Get</em> are printed out when APT begins to "
6954 "fetch a file while the last line indicates the progress of the download. The "
6955 "first percent value on the progress line indicates the total percent done of "
6956 "all files. Unfortunately since the size of the Package files is unknown "
6957 "<tt>apt-get update</tt> estimates the percent done which causes some "
6964 "The next section of the status line is repeated once for each download "
6965 "thread and indicates the operation being performed and some useful "
6966 "information about what is happening. Sometimes this section will simply read "
6967 "<em>Forking</em> which means the OS is loading the download module. The "
6968 "first word after the [ is the fetch number as shown on the history lines. "
6969 "The next word is the short form name of the object being downloaded. For "
6970 "archives it will contain the name of the package that is being fetched."
6976 "Inside of the single quote is an informative string indicating the progress "
6977 "of the negotiation phase of the download. Typically it progresses from "
6978 "<em>Connecting</em> to <em>Waiting for file</em> to <em>Downloading</em> or "
6979 "<em>Resuming</em>. The final value is the number of bytes downloaded from "
6980 "the remote site. Once the download begins this is represented as "
6981 "<tt>102/10.2k</tt> indicating that 102 bytes have been fetched and 10.2 "
6982 "kilobytes is expected. The total size is always shown in 4 figure notation "
6983 "to preserve space. After the size display is a percent meter for the file "
6984 "itself. The second last element is the instantaneous average speed. This "
6985 "values is updated every 5 seconds and reflects the rate of data transfer for "
6986 "that period. Finally is shown the estimated transfer time. This is updated "
6987 "regularly and reflects the time to complete everything at the shown transfer "
6994 "The status display updates every half second to provide a constant feedback "
6995 "on the download progress while the Get lines scroll back whenever a new file "
6996 "is started. Since the status display is constantly updated it is unsuitable "
6997 "for logging to a file, use the <tt>-q</tt> option to remove the status "
7001 #. type: <heading></heading>
7009 "APT uses <prgn>dpkg</prgn> for installing the archives and will switch over "
7010 "to the <prgn>dpkg</prgn> interface once downloading is completed. "
7011 "<prgn>dpkg</prgn> will also ask a number of questions as it processes the "
7012 "packages and the packages themselves may also ask several questions. Before "
7013 "each question there is usually a description of what it is asking and the "
7014 "questions are too varied to discuss completely here."
7017 #. type: <title></title>
7019 msgid "Using APT Offline"
7022 #. type: <version></version>
7024 msgid "$Id: offline.sgml,v 1.8 2003/02/12 15:06:41 doogie Exp $"
7027 #. type: <abstract></abstract>
7030 "This document describes how to use APT in a non-networked environment, "
7031 "specifically a 'sneaker-net' approach for performing upgrades."
7034 #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary>
7036 msgid "Copyright © Jason Gunthorpe, 1999."
7039 #. type: <heading></heading>
7041 msgid "Introduction"
7044 #. type: <heading></heading>
7045 #: offline.sgml:34 offline.sgml:65 offline.sgml:180
7052 "Normally APT requires direct access to a Debian archive, either from a local "
7053 "media or through a network. Another common complaint is that a Debian "
7054 "machine is on a slow link, such as a modem and another machine has a very "
7055 "fast connection but they are physically distant."
7061 "The solution to this is to use large removable media such as a Zip disc or a "
7062 "SuperDisk disc. These discs are not large enough to store the entire Debian "
7063 "archive but can easily fit a subset large enough for most users. The idea is "
7064 "to use APT to generate a list of packages that are required and then fetch "
7065 "them onto the disc using another machine with good connectivity. It is even "
7066 "possible to use another Debian machine with APT or to use a completely "
7067 "different OS and a download tool like wget. Let <em>remote host</em> mean "
7068 "the machine downloading the packages, and <em>target host</em> the one with "
7069 "bad or no connection."
7075 "This is achieved by creatively manipulating the APT configuration file. The "
7076 "essential premise to tell APT to look on a disc for it's archive files. Note "
7077 "that the disc should be formated with a filesystem that can handle long file "
7078 "names such as ext2, fat32 or vfat."
7081 #. type: <heading></heading>
7083 msgid "Using APT on both machines"
7086 #. type: <p><example>
7089 "APT being available on both machines gives the simplest configuration. The "
7090 "basic idea is to place a copy of the status file on the disc and use the "
7091 "remote machine to fetch the latest package files and decide which packages "
7092 "to download. The disk directory structure should look like:"
7095 #. type: <example></example>
7109 #. type: <heading></heading>
7111 msgid "The configuration file"
7117 "The configuration file should tell APT to store its files on the disc and to "
7118 "use the configuration files on the disc as well. The sources.list should "
7119 "contain the proper sites that you wish to use from the remote machine, and "
7120 "the status file should be a copy of <em>/var/lib/dpkg/status</em> from the "
7121 "<em>target host</em>. Please note, if you are using a local archive you must "
7122 "use copy URIs, the syntax is identical to file URIs."
7125 #. type: <p><example>
7128 "<em>apt.conf</em> must contain the necessary information to make APT use the "
7132 #. type: <example></example>
7138 " /* This is not necessary if the two machines are the same arch, it tells\n"
7139 " the remote APT what architecture the target machine is */\n"
7140 " Architecture \"i386\";\n"
7142 " Get::Download-Only \"true\";\n"
7147 " /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from\n"
7148 " the /var/lib/dpkg default */\n"
7149 " State \"/disc/\";\n"
7150 " State::status \"status\";\n"
7152 " // Binary caches will be stored locally\n"
7153 " Cache::archives \"/disc/archives/\";\n"
7154 " Cache \"/tmp/\";\n"
7156 " // Location of the source list.\n"
7157 " Etc \"/disc/\";\n"
7161 #. type: </example></p>
7164 "More details can be seen by examining the apt.conf man page and the sample "
7165 "configuration file in <em>/usr/share/doc/apt/examples/apt.conf</em>."
7168 #. type: <p><example>
7171 "On the target machine the first thing to do is mount the disc and copy <em>/"
7172 "var/lib/dpkg/status</em> to it. You will also need to create the directories "
7173 "outlined in the Overview, <em>archives/partial/</em> and <em>lists/partial/</"
7174 "em>. Then take the disc to the remote machine and configure the sources."
7175 "list. On the remote machine execute the following:"
7178 #. type: <example></example>
7182 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7183 " # apt-get update\n"
7184 " [ APT fetches the package files ]\n"
7185 " # apt-get dist-upgrade\n"
7186 " [ APT fetches all the packages needed to upgrade the target machine ]"
7189 #. type: </example></p>
7192 "The dist-upgrade command can be replaced with any other standard APT "
7193 "commands, particularly dselect-upgrade. You can even use an APT front end "
7194 "such as <em>dselect</em>. However this presents a problem in communicating "
7195 "your selections back to the local computer."
7198 #. type: <p><example>
7201 "Now the disc contains all of the index files and archives needed to upgrade "
7202 "the target machine. Take the disc back and run:"
7205 #. type: <example></example>
7209 " # export APT_CONFIG=\"/disc/apt.conf\"\n"
7210 " # apt-get check\n"
7211 " [ APT generates a local copy of the cache files ]\n"
7212 " # apt-get --no-d -o dir::state::status=/var/lib/dpkg/status dist-upgrade\n"
7213 " [ Or any other APT command ]"
7219 "It is necessary for proper function to re-specify the status file to be the "
7220 "local one. This is very important!"
7226 "If you are using dselect you can do the very risky operation of copying disc/"
7227 "status to /var/lib/dpkg/status so that any selections you made on the remote "
7228 "machine are updated. I highly recommend that people only make selections on "
7229 "the local machine - but this may not always be possible. DO NOT copy the "
7230 "status file if dpkg or APT have been run in the mean time!!"
7233 #. type: <heading></heading>
7235 msgid "Using APT and wget"
7241 "<em>wget</em> is a popular and portable download tool that can run on nearly "
7242 "any machine. Unlike the method above this requires that the Debian machine "
7243 "already has a list of available packages."
7249 "The basic idea is to create a disc that has only the archive files "
7250 "downloaded from the remote site. This is done by using the --print-uris "
7251 "option to apt-get and then preparing a wget script to actually fetch the "
7255 #. type: <heading></heading>
7261 #. type: <p><example>
7264 "Unlike the previous technique no special configuration files are required. "
7265 "We merely use the standard APT commands to generate the file list."
7268 #. type: <example></example>
7272 " # apt-get dist-upgrade \n"
7273 " [ Press no when prompted, make sure you are happy with the actions ]\n"
7274 " # apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris\n"
7275 " # awk '{print \"wget -O \" $2 \" \" $1}' < uris > /disc/wget-script"
7278 #. type: </example></p>
7281 "Any command other than dist-upgrade could be used here, including dselect-"
7288 "The /disc/wget-script file will now contain a list of wget commands to "
7289 "execute in order to fetch the necessary archives. This script should be run "
7290 "with the current directory as the disc's mount point so as to save the "
7291 "output on the disc."
7294 #. type: <p><example>
7296 msgid "The remote machine would do something like"
7299 #. type: <example></example>
7304 " # sh -x ./wget-script\n"
7308 #. type: </example><example>
7311 "Once the archives are downloaded and the disc returned to the Debian machine "
7312 "installation can proceed using,"
7315 #. type: <example></example>
7318 msgid " # apt-get -o dir::cache::archives=\"/disc/\" dist-upgrade"
7321 #. type: </example></p>
7323 msgid "Which will use the already fetched archives on the disc."
7327 #~ msgid "Dir Section"
7328 #~ msgstr "Descrição"
7331 #~ msgid "<replaceable>&synopsis-filename;</replaceable>"
7333 #~ "<programlisting>\n"
7334 #~ "apt-get install <replaceable>pacote</replaceable>/testing\n"
7337 #~ msgid "&apt-get;,&aptitude;,&apt-conf;"
7338 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7341 #~ msgid "&file-preferences;"
7342 #~ msgstr "apt_preferences"
7345 #~ msgid "&apt-author.team; &apt-email; &apt-product;"
7346 #~ msgstr "&apt-get; &apt-cache; &apt-conf; &sources-list;"
7350 #~ "<!-- Boiler plate docinfo section -->\n"
7351 #~ "<!ENTITY apt-docinfo \"\n"
7352 #~ " <refentryinfo>\n"
7353 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</email></address>\n"
7355 #~ " <firstname>Jason</firstname> <surname>Gunthorpe</surname>\n"
7356 #~ " <contrib></contrib>\n"
7358 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</year> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</holder></"
7360 #~ " <date>28 October 2008</date>\n"
7361 #~ " <productname>Linux</productname>\n"
7362 #~ " </refentryinfo>\n"
7367 #~ " <address><email>apt@packages.debian.org</></address>\n"
7368 #~ " <author><firstname>Jason</> <surname>Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7369 #~ " <copyright><year>1998-2001</> <holder>Jason Gunthorpe</></>\n"
7370 #~ " <date>12 Março 2001</>\n"
7374 #~ msgid "to the version that is already installed (if any)."
7375 #~ msgstr "para a instância que já esteja instalada (caso exista)."
7379 #~ "The <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> line in each APT preferences record "
7380 #~ "is optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last "
7381 #~ "value specified on a line beginning with <literal>Pin-Priority: "
7382 #~ "release ...</literal>."
7384 #~ "A linha <literal>Pin-Priority:</literal> em cada registro de preferências "
7385 #~ "do APT é opcional. Caso omitida, o APT atribuirá uma prioridade de 1 "
7386 #~ "menos o último valor especificado em uma linha iniciando com <literal>Pin-"
7387 #~ "Priority: release ...</literal>."
7392 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7393 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7394 #~ " Show a short usage summary.\n"
7395 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7397 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7398 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7399 #~ " Show the program version.\n"
7400 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7402 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7403 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7404 #~ " Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. \n"
7405 #~ " The program will read the default configuration file and then this \n"
7406 #~ " configuration file. See &apt-conf; for syntax information. \n"
7407 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7409 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7410 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7411 #~ " Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitary "
7412 #~ "configuration \n"
7413 #~ " option. The syntax is <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7414 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7417 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-h/</><term><option/--help/</>\n"
7418 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7419 #~ " Exibe um pequeno resumo de uso.\n"
7420 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7422 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-v/</><term><option/--version/</>\n"
7423 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7424 #~ " Exibe a versão do programa.\n"
7425 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7427 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-c/</><term><option/--config-file/</>\n"
7428 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7429 #~ " Arquivo de Configuração; Especifica um arquivo de configuração\n"
7430 #~ " a ser usado. O programa irá ler o arquivo de configuração padrão\n"
7431 #~ " e então este arquivo de configuração. Consulte &apt-conf; para\n"
7432 #~ " informação de sintaxe. \n"
7433 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7435 #~ " <VarListEntry><term><option/-o/</><term><option/--option/</>\n"
7436 #~ " <ListItem><Para>\n"
7437 #~ " Defie uma Opção de Configuração; Esta opção irá definir uma opção\n"
7438 #~ " de configuração arbitrária. A sintaxe é <option>-o Foo::Bar=bar</>.\n"
7439 #~ " </VarListEntry>\n"
7442 #~ msgid "</programlisting> Then:"
7443 #~ msgstr "</programlisting> Então :"
HCoop / ntk / apt.git / blob