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1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
2 | <appendix id="HDRCOMMANDS"> | |
3 | <title>Using AFS Commands</title> | |
4 | ||
5 | <para>This section describes the components of AFS commands and how to make entering commands more efficient by using shortened | |
6 | forms. It has the following sections: <simplelist> | |
7 | <member><link linkend="HDRWQ613">AFS Command Syntax</link></member> | |
8 | ||
9 | <member><link linkend="HDRWQ614">Rules for Entering AFS Commands</link></member> | |
10 | ||
11 | <member><link linkend="HDRWQ615">Rules for Using Abbreviations and Aliases</link></member> | |
12 | ||
13 | <member><link linkend="HDRWQ616">Displaying Online Help for AFS Commands</link></member> | |
14 | </simplelist></para> | |
15 | ||
16 | <sect1 id="HDRWQ613"> | |
17 | <title>AFS Command Syntax</title> | |
18 | ||
19 | <para>AFS commands that belong to suites have the following structure:</para> | |
20 | ||
21 | <programlisting><emphasis role="bold">command_suite operation_code</emphasis><emphasis role="bold">-switch</emphasis> <replaceable><value></replaceable>[+] [<emphasis | |
22 | role="bold">-flag</emphasis>] | |
23 | </programlisting> | |
24 | ||
25 | <sect2 id="Header_691"> | |
26 | <title>Command Names</title> | |
27 | ||
28 | <para>Together, the <emphasis role="bold">command_suite</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">operation_code</emphasis> make up | |
29 | the <emphasis>command name</emphasis>.</para> | |
30 | ||
31 | <para>The <emphasis role="bold">command_suite</emphasis> specifies the group of related commands to which the command belongs, | |
32 | and indicates which command interpreter and server process perform the command. AFS has several command suites, including | |
33 | <emphasis role="bold">bos</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">fs</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">kas</emphasis>, | |
34 | <emphasis role="bold">pts</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">scout</emphasis>, <emphasis | |
35 | role="bold">uss</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">vos</emphasis>. Some of these suites have an interactive mode in which | |
36 | the issuer omits the <emphasis role="bold">command_suite</emphasis> portion of the command name.</para> | |
37 | ||
38 | <para>The <emphasis role="bold">operation_code</emphasis> tells the command interpreter and server process which action to | |
39 | perform. Most command suites include several operation codes. The <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Reference</emphasis> | |
40 | describes each operation code in detail, and the <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Guide</emphasis> describes how to use them | |
41 | in the context of performing administrative tasks.</para> | |
42 | ||
43 | <para>Several AFS commands do not belong to a suite and so their names do not have a <emphasis | |
44 | role="bold">command_suite</emphasis> portion. Their structure is otherwise similar to the commands in the suites.</para> | |
45 | </sect2> | |
46 | ||
47 | <sect2 id="Header_692"> | |
48 | <title>Options</title> | |
49 | ||
50 | <para>The term <emphasis>option</emphasis> refers to both arguments and flags, which are described in the following | |
51 | sections.</para> | |
52 | </sect2> | |
53 | ||
54 | <sect2 id="Header_693"> | |
55 | <title>Arguments</title> | |
56 | ||
57 | <para>One or more arguments can follow the command name. Arguments specify the entities on which to act while performing the | |
58 | command (for example, which server machine, server process, or file). To minimize the potential for error, provide a command's | |
59 | arguments in the order prescribed in its syntax definition.</para> | |
60 | ||
61 | <para>Each argument has two parts, which appear in the indicated order: <itemizedlist> | |
62 | <listitem> | |
63 | <para>The <emphasis>switch</emphasis> specifies the argument's type and is preceded by a hyphen ( <emphasis | |
64 | role="bold">-</emphasis> ). For instance, the switch <emphasis role="bold">-server</emphasis> usually indicates that the | |
65 | argument names a server machine. Switches can often be omitted, subject to the rules outlined in <link | |
66 | linkend="HDRNOSWITCH">Conditions for Omitting Switches</link>.</para> | |
67 | </listitem> | |
68 | ||
69 | <listitem> | |
70 | <para>The <emphasis>value</emphasis> names a particular entity of the type specified by the preceding switch. For | |
71 | example, the proper value for a <emphasis role="bold">-server</emphasis> switch is a server machine name like <emphasis | |
72 | role="bold">fs3.example.com</emphasis>. Unlike switches (which have a required form), values vary depending on what the | |
73 | issuer wants to accomplish. Values appear surrounded by angle brackets (<emphasis role="bold">< ></emphasis>) in | |
74 | command descriptions and the online help to show that they are user-supplied variable information.</para> | |
75 | </listitem> | |
76 | </itemizedlist></para> | |
77 | ||
78 | <para>Some arguments accept multiple values, as indicated by trailing plus sign ( <emphasis role="bold">+</emphasis> ) in the | |
79 | command descriptions and online help. How many of a command's arguments take multiple values, and their ordering with respect | |
80 | to other arguments, determine when it is acceptable to omit switches. See <link linkend="HDRNOSWITCH">Conditions for Omitting | |
81 | Switches</link>.</para> | |
82 | ||
83 | <para>Some commands have optional as well as required arguments; the command descriptions and online help show optional | |
84 | arguments in square brackets ([ ]).</para> | |
85 | </sect2> | |
86 | ||
87 | <sect2 id="Header_694"> | |
88 | <title>Flags</title> | |
89 | ||
90 | <para>Some commands have one or more flags, which specify the manner in which the command interpreter and server process | |
91 | perform the command, or what kind of output it produces. Flags are preceded by hyphens like switches, but they take no values. | |
92 | Although the command descriptions and online help generally list a command's flags after its arguments, there is no prescribed | |
93 | order for flags. They can appear anywhere on the command line following the operation code, except in between the parts of an | |
94 | argument. Flags are always optional.</para> | |
95 | </sect2> | |
96 | ||
97 | <sect2 id="HDRCOMMAND-EX"> | |
98 | <title>An Example Command</title> | |
99 | ||
100 | <para>The following example illustrates the different parts of a command that belongs to an AFS command suite.</para> | |
101 | ||
102 | <programlisting> | |
103 | % <emphasis role="bold">bos getdate -server fs1.example.com -file ptserver kaserver</emphasis> | |
104 | </programlisting> | |
105 | ||
106 | <para>where <itemizedlist> | |
107 | <listitem> | |
108 | <para><emphasis role="bold">bos</emphasis> is the command suite. The BOS Server executes most of the commands in this | |
109 | suite.</para> | |
110 | </listitem> | |
111 | ||
112 | <listitem> | |
113 | <para><emphasis role="bold">getdate</emphasis> is the operation code. It tells the BOS Server on the specified server | |
114 | machine (in this case <emphasis role="bold">fs1.example.com</emphasis>) to report the modification dates of binary files in | |
115 | the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/bin</emphasis> directory.</para> | |
116 | </listitem> | |
117 | ||
118 | <listitem> | |
119 | <para><emphasis role="bold">-server fs1.example.com</emphasis> is one argument, with <emphasis | |
120 | role="bold">-server</emphasis> as the switch and <emphasis role="bold">fs1.example.com</emphasis> as the value. This | |
121 | argument specifies the server machine on which BOS Server is to collect and report binary dates.</para> | |
122 | </listitem> | |
123 | ||
124 | <listitem> | |
125 | <para><emphasis role="bold">-file ptserver kaserver</emphasis> is an argument that takes multiple values. The switch is | |
126 | <emphasis role="bold">-file</emphasis> and the values are <emphasis role="bold">ptserver</emphasis> and <emphasis | |
127 | role="bold">kaserver</emphasis>. This argument tells the BOS Server to report the modification dates on the files | |
128 | <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/bin/kaserver</emphasis> and <emphasis | |
129 | role="bold">/usr/afs/bin/ptserver</emphasis>.</para> | |
130 | </listitem> | |
131 | </itemizedlist></para> | |
132 | </sect2> | |
133 | ||
134 | <sect2 id="HDRWQ614"> | |
135 | <title>Rules for Entering AFS Commands</title> | |
136 | ||
137 | <para>Enter each AFS command on a single line (press <emphasis role="bold"><Return></emphasis> only at the end of the | |
138 | command). Some commands in this document appear broken across multiple lines, but that is for legibility only.</para> | |
139 | ||
140 | <para>Use a space to separate each element on a command line from its neighbors. Spaces rather than commas also separate | |
141 | multiple values of an argument.</para> | |
142 | ||
143 | <para>In many cases, the issuer of a command can reduce the amount of typing necessary by using one or both of the following | |
144 | methods: <itemizedlist> | |
145 | <listitem> | |
146 | <para>Omitting switches</para> | |
147 | </listitem> | |
148 | ||
149 | <listitem> | |
150 | <para>Using accepted abbreviations for operation codes, switches (if they are included at all), and some types of | |
151 | values</para> | |
152 | </listitem> | |
153 | </itemizedlist></para> | |
154 | ||
155 | <para>The following sections explain the conditions for omitting or shortening parts of the command line. It is always | |
156 | acceptable to type a command in full, with all of its switches and no abbreviations.</para> | |
157 | ||
158 | <sect3 id="HDRNOSWITCH"> | |
159 | <title>Conditions for Omitting Switches</title> | |
160 | ||
161 | <para>It is always acceptable to type the switch part of an argument, but in many cases it is not necessary. Specifically, | |
162 | switches can be omitted if the following conditions are met. <itemizedlist> | |
163 | <listitem> | |
164 | <para>All of the command's required arguments appear in the order prescribed by the syntax statement</para> | |
165 | </listitem> | |
166 | ||
167 | <listitem> | |
168 | <para>No switch is provided for any argument</para> | |
169 | </listitem> | |
170 | ||
171 | <listitem> | |
172 | <para>There is only one value for each argument (but note the important exception discussed in the following | |
173 | paragraph)</para> | |
174 | </listitem> | |
175 | </itemizedlist></para> | |
176 | ||
177 | <para>Omitting switches is possible only because there is a prescribed order for each command's arguments. When the issuer | |
178 | does not include switches, the command interpreter relies instead on the order of arguments; it assumes that the first | |
179 | element after the operation code is the command's first argument, the next element is the command's second argument, and so | |
180 | on. The important exception is when a command's final required argument accepts multiple values. In this case, the command | |
181 | interpreter assumes that the issuer has correctly provided one value for each argument up through the final one, so any | |
182 | additional values at the end belong to the final argument.</para> | |
183 | ||
184 | <para>The following list describes the rules for omitting switches from the opposite perspective: an argument's switch must | |
185 | be provided when any of the following conditions apply. <itemizedlist> | |
186 | <listitem> | |
187 | <para>The command's arguments do not appear in the prescribed order</para> | |
188 | </listitem> | |
189 | ||
190 | <listitem> | |
191 | <para>An optional argument is omitted but a subsequent optional argument is provided</para> | |
192 | </listitem> | |
193 | ||
194 | <listitem> | |
195 | <para>A switch is provided for a preceding argument</para> | |
196 | </listitem> | |
197 | ||
198 | <listitem> | |
199 | <para>More than one value is supplied for a preceding argument (which must take multiple values, of course); without a | |
200 | switch on the current argument, the command interpreter assumes that the current argument is another value for the | |
201 | preceding argument</para> | |
202 | </listitem> | |
203 | </itemizedlist></para> | |
204 | </sect3> | |
205 | ||
206 | <sect3 id="Header_698"> | |
207 | <title>An Example of Omitting Switches</title> | |
208 | ||
209 | <para>Consider again the example command from <link linkend="HDRCOMMAND-EX">An Example Command</link>.</para> | |
210 | ||
211 | <programlisting> | |
212 | % <emphasis role="bold">bos getdate -server fs1.example.com -file ptserver kaserver</emphasis> | |
213 | </programlisting> | |
214 | ||
215 | <para>This command has two required arguments: the server machine name (identified by the <emphasis | |
216 | role="bold">-server</emphasis> switch) and binary file name (identified by the <emphasis role="bold">-file</emphasis> | |
217 | switch). The second argument accepts multiple values. By complying with all three conditions, the issuer can omit the | |
218 | switches:</para> | |
219 | ||
220 | <programlisting> | |
221 | % <emphasis role="bold">bos getdate fs1.example.com ptserver kaserver</emphasis> | |
222 | </programlisting> | |
223 | ||
224 | <para>Because there are no switches, the <emphasis role="bold">bos</emphasis> command interpreter relies on the order of | |
225 | arguments. It assumes that the first element following the operation code, <emphasis role="bold">fs1.example.com</emphasis>, is | |
226 | the server machine name, and that the next argument, <emphasis role="bold">ptserver</emphasis>, is a binary file name. Then, | |
227 | because the command's second (and last) argument accepts multiple values, the command interpreter correctly interprets | |
228 | <emphasis role="bold">kaserver</emphasis> as an additional value for it.</para> | |
229 | ||
230 | <para>On the other hand, the following is not acceptable because it violates the first two conditions in <link | |
231 | linkend="HDRNOSWITCH">Conditions for Omitting Switches</link>: even though there is only one value per argument, the | |
232 | arguments do not appear in the prescribed order, and a switch is provided for one argument but not the other.</para> | |
233 | ||
234 | <programlisting> | |
235 | % <emphasis role="bold">bos getdate ptserver -server fs1.example.com</emphasis> | |
236 | </programlisting> | |
237 | </sect3> | |
238 | </sect2> | |
239 | ||
240 | <sect2 id="HDRWQ615"> | |
241 | <title>Rules for Using Abbreviations and Aliases</title> | |
242 | ||
243 | <para>This section explains how to abbreviate operation codes, option names, server machine names, partition names, and cell | |
244 | names. It is not possible to abbreviate other types of values.</para> | |
245 | ||
246 | <sect3 id="Header_700"> | |
247 | <title>Abbreviating Operation Codes</title> | |
248 | ||
249 | <para>It is acceptable to abbreviate an operation code to the shortest form that still distinguishes it from the other | |
250 | operation codes in its suite.</para> | |
251 | ||
252 | <para>For example, it is acceptable to shorten <emphasis role="bold">bos install</emphasis> to <emphasis role="bold">bos | |
253 | i</emphasis> because there are no other operation codes in the <emphasis role="bold">bos</emphasis> command suite that begin | |
254 | with the letter <emphasis role="bold">i</emphasis>. In contrast, there are several <emphasis role="bold">bos</emphasis> | |
255 | operation codes that start with the letter <emphasis role="bold">s</emphasis>, so the abbreviations must be longer to remain | |
256 | unambiguous: <simplelist> | |
257 | <member><emphasis role="bold">bos sa</emphasis> for <emphasis role="bold">bos salvage</emphasis></member> | |
258 | ||
259 | <member><emphasis role="bold">bos seta</emphasis> for <emphasis role="bold">bos setauth</emphasis></member> | |
260 | ||
261 | <member><emphasis role="bold">bos setc</emphasis> for <emphasis role="bold">bos setcellname</emphasis></member> | |
262 | ||
263 | <member><emphasis role="bold">bos setr</emphasis> for <emphasis role="bold">bos setrestart</emphasis></member> | |
264 | ||
265 | <member><emphasis role="bold">bos sh</emphasis> for <emphasis role="bold">bos shutdown</emphasis></member> | |
266 | ||
267 | <member><emphasis role="bold">bos start</emphasis> for <emphasis role="bold">bos start</emphasis></member> | |
268 | ||
269 | <member><emphasis role="bold">bos startu</emphasis> for <emphasis role="bold">bos startup</emphasis></member> | |
270 | ||
271 | <member><emphasis role="bold">bos stat</emphasis> for <emphasis role="bold">bos status</emphasis></member> | |
272 | ||
273 | <member><emphasis role="bold">bos sto</emphasis> for <emphasis role="bold">bos stop</emphasis></member> | |
274 | </simplelist></para> | |
275 | ||
276 | <para>In addition to abbreviations, some operation codes have an <emphasis>alias</emphasis>, a short form that is not | |
277 | derived by abbreviating the operation code to its shortest unambiguous form. For example, the alias for the <emphasis | |
278 | role="bold">fs setacl</emphasis> command is <emphasis role="bold">fs sa</emphasis>, whereas the shortest unambiguous | |
279 | abbreviation is <emphasis role="bold">fs seta</emphasis>.</para> | |
280 | ||
281 | <para>There are two usual reasons an operation code has an alias: <itemizedlist> | |
282 | <listitem> | |
283 | <para>Because the command is frequently issued, it is convenient to have a form shorter than the one derived by | |
284 | abbreviating. The <emphasis role="bold">fs setacl</emphasis> command is an example.</para> | |
285 | </listitem> | |
286 | ||
287 | <listitem> | |
288 | <para>Because the command's name has changed, but users of previous versions of AFS know the former name. For example, | |
289 | <emphasis role="bold">bos listhosts</emphasis> has the alias <emphasis role="bold">bos getcell</emphasis>, its former | |
290 | name. It is acceptable to abbreviate aliases to their shortest unambiguous form (for example, <emphasis | |
291 | role="bold">bos getcell</emphasis> to <emphasis role="bold">bos getc</emphasis>).</para> | |
292 | </listitem> | |
293 | </itemizedlist></para> | |
294 | ||
295 | <para>Even if an operation code has an alias, it is still acceptable to use the shortest unambiguous form. Thus, the | |
296 | <emphasis role="bold">fs setacl</emphasis> command has three acceptable forms: <emphasis role="bold">fs setacl</emphasis> | |
297 | (the full form), <emphasis role="bold">fs seta</emphasis> (the shortest abbreviation), and <emphasis role="bold">fs | |
298 | sa</emphasis> (the alias).</para> | |
299 | </sect3> | |
300 | ||
301 | <sect3 id="Header_701"> | |
302 | <title>Abbreviating Switches and Flags</title> | |
303 | ||
304 | <para>It is acceptable to shorten a switch or flag to the shortest form that distinguishes it from the other switches and | |
305 | flags for its operation code. It is often possible to omit switches entirely, subject to the conditions listed in <link | |
306 | linkend="HDRNOSWITCH">Conditions for Omitting Switches</link>.</para> | |
307 | </sect3> | |
308 | ||
309 | <sect3 id="HDRFMSABBREV"> | |
310 | <title>Abbreviating Server Machine Names</title> | |
311 | ||
312 | <para>AFS server machines must have fully-qualified Internet-style host names (for example, <emphasis | |
313 | role="bold">fs1.example.com</emphasis>), but it is not always necessary to type the full name on the command line. AFS commands | |
314 | accept unambiguous shortened forms, but depend on the cell's name service (such as the Domain Name Service) or a local host | |
315 | table to resolve a shortened name to the fully-qualified equivalent when the command is issued.</para> | |
316 | ||
317 | <para>Most commands also accept the dotted decimal form of the machine's IP address as an identifier.</para> | |
318 | </sect3> | |
319 | ||
320 | <sect3 id="HDRPARTABBREV"> | |
321 | <title>Abbreviating Partition Names</title> | |
322 | ||
323 | <para>Partitions that house AFS volumes must have names of the form <emphasis | |
324 | role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>x</replaceable> or <emphasis | |
325 | role="bold">/vicep</emphasis><replaceable>xx</replaceable>, where the variable final portion is one or two lowercase | |
326 | letters. By convention, the first server partition created on a file server machine is called <emphasis | |
327 | role="bold">/vicepa</emphasis>, the second <emphasis role="bold">/vicepb</emphasis>, and so on. The <emphasis>OpenAFS Quick | |
328 | Beginnings</emphasis> explains how to configure and name a file server machine's partitions in preparation for storing AFS | |
329 | volumes on them.</para> | |
330 | ||
331 | <para>When issuing AFS commands, you can abbreviate a partition name using any of the following forms:</para> | |
332 | ||
333 | <programlisting> | |
334 | <emphasis role="bold">/vicepa</emphasis> = <emphasis role="bold">vicepa</emphasis> = <emphasis role="bold">a</emphasis> = <emphasis | |
335 | role="bold">0</emphasis> | |
336 | <emphasis role="bold">/vicepb</emphasis> = <emphasis role="bold">vicepb</emphasis> = <emphasis role="bold">b</emphasis> = <emphasis | |
337 | role="bold">1</emphasis> | |
338 | </programlisting> | |
339 | ||
340 | <para>After <emphasis role="bold">/vicepz</emphasis> (for which the index is 25) comes</para> | |
341 | ||
342 | <programlisting> | |
343 | <emphasis role="bold">/vicepaa</emphasis> = <emphasis role="bold">vicepaa</emphasis> = <emphasis role="bold">aa</emphasis> = <emphasis | |
344 | role="bold">26</emphasis> | |
345 | <emphasis role="bold">/vicepab</emphasis> = <emphasis role="bold">vicepab</emphasis> = <emphasis role="bold">ab</emphasis> = <emphasis | |
346 | role="bold">27</emphasis> | |
347 | </programlisting> | |
348 | ||
349 | <para>and so on through</para> | |
350 | ||
351 | <programlisting> | |
352 | <emphasis role="bold">/vicepiv</emphasis> = <emphasis role="bold">vicepiv</emphasis> = <emphasis role="bold">iv</emphasis> = <emphasis | |
353 | role="bold">255</emphasis> | |
354 | </programlisting> | |
355 | </sect3> | |
356 | ||
357 | <sect3 id="HDRCELLABBREV"> | |
358 | <title>Abbreviating Cell Names</title> | |
359 | ||
360 | <para>A cell's full name usually matches its Internet domain name (such as <emphasis role="bold">example.org</emphasis> for | |
361 | the Example Organization or <emphasis role="bold">example.com</emphasis> for Example Corporation). Some AFS commands accept unambiguous | |
362 | shortened forms, usually with respect to the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/CellServDB file</emphasis> but | |
363 | sometimes depending on the ability of the local name service to resolve the corresponding domain name.</para> | |
364 | </sect3> | |
365 | </sect2> | |
366 | ||
367 | <sect2 id="HDRWQ616"> | |
368 | <title>Displaying Online Help for AFS Commands</title> | |
369 | ||
370 | <para>To display online help for AFS commands that belong to suites, use the <emphasis role="bold">help</emphasis> and | |
371 | <emphasis role="bold">apropos</emphasis> operation codes. A <emphasis role="bold">-help</emphasis> flag is also available on | |
372 | every almost every AFS command.</para> | |
373 | ||
374 | <para>The online help entry for a command consists of two or three lines: <itemizedlist> | |
375 | <listitem> | |
376 | <para>The first line names the command and briefly describes what it does</para> | |
377 | </listitem> | |
378 | ||
379 | <listitem> | |
380 | <para>If the command has aliases, they appear on the next line</para> | |
381 | </listitem> | |
382 | ||
383 | <listitem> | |
384 | <para>The final line, which begins with the string <computeroutput>Usage:</computeroutput>, lists the command's options | |
385 | in the prescribed order; online help entries use the same typographical symbols (brackets and so on) as this | |
386 | documentation.</para> | |
387 | </listitem> | |
388 | </itemizedlist></para> | |
389 | ||
390 | <para>If no operation code is specified, the <emphasis role="bold">help</emphasis> operation code displays the first line | |
391 | (short description) for every operation code in the suite:</para> | |
392 | ||
393 | <programlisting> | |
394 | % <replaceable>command_suite</replaceable> <emphasis role="bold">help</emphasis> | |
395 | </programlisting> | |
396 | ||
397 | <para>If the issuer specifies one or more operation codes, the <emphasis role="bold">help</emphasis> operation code displays | |
398 | each command's complete online entry (short description, alias if any, and syntax):</para> | |
399 | ||
400 | <programlisting> | |
401 | % <replaceable>command_suite</replaceable> <emphasis role="bold">help</emphasis> <replaceable>operation_code</replaceable>+ | |
402 | </programlisting> | |
403 | ||
404 | <para>The <emphasis role="bold">-help</emphasis> flag displays a command's syntax but not the short description or | |
405 | alias:</para> | |
406 | ||
407 | <programlisting> | |
408 | % <replaceable>command_name</replaceable> <emphasis role="bold">-help</emphasis> | |
409 | </programlisting> | |
410 | ||
411 | <para>The <emphasis role="bold">apropos</emphasis> operation code displays the short description of any command in a suite | |
412 | whose operation code or short description includes the specified keyword:</para> | |
413 | ||
414 | <programlisting> | |
415 | % <replaceable>command_suite</replaceable> <emphasis role="bold">apropos</emphasis> <replaceable>"<help string>"</replaceable> | |
416 | </programlisting> | |
417 | ||
418 | <para>The following example command displays the complete online help entry for the <emphasis role="bold">fs setacl</emphasis> | |
419 | command:</para> | |
420 | ||
421 | <programlisting> | |
422 | % <emphasis role="bold">fs help setacl</emphasis> | |
423 | fs setacl: set access control list | |
424 | aliases: sa | |
425 | Usage: fs setacl -dir <<replaceable>directory</replaceable>>+ -acl <<replaceable>access list entries</replaceable>>+ | |
426 | [-clear] [-negative] [-id] [-if] [-help] | |
427 | </programlisting> | |
428 | ||
429 | <para>To see only the syntax statement, use the <emphasis role="bold">-help</emphasis> flag:</para> | |
430 | ||
431 | <programlisting> | |
432 | % <emphasis role="bold">fs setacl -help</emphasis> | |
433 | Usage: fs setacl -dir <<replaceable>directory</replaceable>>+ -acl <<replaceable>access list entries</replaceable>>+ | |
434 | [-clear] [-negative] [-id] [-if] [-help] | |
435 | </programlisting> | |
436 | ||
437 | <para>In the following example, a user wants to display the quota for her home volume. She knows that the relevant command | |
438 | belongs to the <emphasis role="bold">fs</emphasis> suite, but cannot remember the operation code. She uses <emphasis | |
439 | role="bold">quota</emphasis> as the keyword:</para> | |
440 | ||
441 | <programlisting> | |
442 | % <emphasis role="bold">fs apropos quota</emphasis> | |
443 | listquota: list volume quota | |
444 | quota: show volume quota usage | |
445 | setquota: set volume quota | |
446 | </programlisting> | |
447 | ||
448 | <para>The following illustrates the error message that results if no command name or short description contains the | |
449 | keyword:</para> | |
450 | ||
451 | <programlisting> | |
452 | % <emphasis role="bold">fs apropos "list quota"</emphasis> | |
453 | Sorry, no commands found | |
454 | </programlisting> | |
455 | </sect2> | |
456 | </sect1> | |
457 | </appendix> |