Fix write-beyond-end-of-string error in the conversion to R6RS string escapes.

[bpt/guile.git] / libguile / print.c

/* Copyright (C) 1995-1999,2000,2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 * 
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of
 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 * 02110-1301 USA
 */


\f
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif

#include <errno.h>
#include <uniconv.h>
#include <unictype.h>

#include "libguile/_scm.h"
#include "libguile/chars.h"
#include "libguile/continuations.h"
#include "libguile/smob.h"
#include "libguile/control.h"
#include "libguile/eval.h"
#include "libguile/macros.h"
#include "libguile/procprop.h"
#include "libguile/read.h"
#include "libguile/weaks.h"
#include "libguile/programs.h"
#include "libguile/alist.h"
#include "libguile/struct.h"
#include "libguile/ports.h"
#include "libguile/root.h"
#include "libguile/strings.h"
#include "libguile/strports.h"
#include "libguile/vectors.h"
#include "libguile/numbers.h"
#include "libguile/vm.h"

#include "libguile/validate.h"
#include "libguile/print.h"

#include "libguile/private-options.h"

\f

/* Character printers.  */

static int display_character (scm_t_wchar, SCM,
			      scm_t_string_failed_conversion_handler);
static void write_character (scm_t_wchar, SCM, int);

\f

/* {Names of immediate symbols}
 * 
 * This table must agree with the declarations in scm.h: {Immediate Symbols}.
 */

/* This table must agree with the list of flags in tags.h.  */
static const char *iflagnames[] =
{
  "#f",
  "#nil",  /* Elisp nil value. Should print from elisp as symbol `nil'. */
  "#<XXX UNUSED LISP FALSE -- DO NOT USE -- SHOULD NEVER BE SEEN XXX>",
  "()",
  "#t",
  "#<XXX UNUSED BOOLEAN 0 -- DO NOT USE -- SHOULD NEVER BE SEEN XXX>",
  "#<XXX UNUSED BOOLEAN 1 -- DO NOT USE -- SHOULD NEVER BE SEEN XXX>",
  "#<XXX UNUSED BOOLEAN 2 -- DO NOT USE -- SHOULD NEVER BE SEEN XXX>",
  "#<unspecified>",
  "#<undefined>",
  "#<eof>",

  /* Unbound slot marker for GOOPS.  For internal use in GOOPS only.  */
  "#<unbound>",
};

SCM_SYMBOL (sym_reader, "reader");

scm_t_option scm_print_opts[] = {
  { SCM_OPTION_SCM, "closure-hook", (unsigned long) SCM_BOOL_F,
    "Hook for printing closures (should handle macros as well)." },
  { SCM_OPTION_BOOLEAN, "source", 0,
    "Print closures with source." },
  { SCM_OPTION_SCM, "highlight-prefix", (unsigned long)SCM_BOOL_F,
    "The string to print before highlighted values." },
  { SCM_OPTION_SCM, "highlight-suffix", (unsigned long)SCM_BOOL_F,
    "The string to print after highlighted values." },
  { SCM_OPTION_SCM, "quote-keywordish-symbols", (unsigned long)SCM_BOOL_F,
    "How to print symbols that have a colon as their first or last character. "
    "The value '#f' does not quote the colons; '#t' quotes them; "
    "'reader' quotes them when the reader option 'keywords' is not '#f'." 
  },
  { 0 },
};

SCM_DEFINE (scm_print_options, "print-options-interface", 0, 1, 0, 
            (SCM setting),
	    "Option interface for the print options. Instead of using\n"
	    "this procedure directly, use the procedures\n"
	    "@code{print-enable}, @code{print-disable}, @code{print-set!}\n"
	    "and @code{print-options}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_print_options
{
  SCM ans = scm_options (setting,
			 scm_print_opts,
			 FUNC_NAME);
  return ans;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

\f
/* {Printing of Scheme Objects}
 */

/* Detection of circular references.
 *
 * Due to other constraints in the implementation, this code has bad
 * time complexity (O (depth * N)), The printer code can be
 * rewritten to be O(N).
 */
#define PUSH_REF(pstate, obj)			\
do						\
{						\
  PSTATE_STACK_SET (pstate, pstate->top, obj);	\
  pstate->top++;				\
  if (pstate->top == pstate->ceiling)		\
    grow_ref_stack (pstate);			\
} while(0)

#define ENTER_NESTED_DATA(pstate, obj, label)			\
do								\
{								\
  register unsigned long i;					\
  for (i = 0; i < pstate->top; ++i)				\
    if (scm_is_eq (PSTATE_STACK_REF (pstate, i), (obj)))	\
      goto label;						\
  if (pstate->fancyp)						\
    {								\
      if (pstate->top - pstate->list_offset >= pstate->level)	\
	{							\
	  scm_putc ('#', port);					\
	  return;						\
	}							\
    }								\
  PUSH_REF(pstate, obj);					\
} while(0)

#define EXIT_NESTED_DATA(pstate)				\
do								\
{								\
  --pstate->top;						\
  PSTATE_STACK_SET (pstate, pstate->top, SCM_UNDEFINED);	\
}								\
while (0)

SCM scm_print_state_vtable = SCM_BOOL_F;
static SCM print_state_pool = SCM_EOL;
scm_i_pthread_mutex_t print_state_mutex = SCM_I_PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

#ifdef GUILE_DEBUG /* Used for debugging purposes */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_current_pstate, "current-pstate", 0, 0, 0, 
           (),
	    "Return the current-pstate -- the car of the\n"
	    "@code{print_state_pool}.  @code{current-pstate} is only\n"
	    "included in @code{--enable-guile-debug} builds.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_current_pstate
{
  if (!scm_is_null (print_state_pool))
    return SCM_CAR (print_state_pool);
  else
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#endif

#define PSTATE_SIZE 50L

static SCM
make_print_state (void)
{
  SCM print_state
    = scm_make_struct (scm_print_state_vtable, SCM_INUM0, SCM_EOL);
  scm_print_state *pstate = SCM_PRINT_STATE (print_state);
  pstate->ref_vect = scm_c_make_vector (PSTATE_SIZE, SCM_UNDEFINED);
  pstate->ceiling = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (pstate->ref_vect);
  pstate->highlight_objects = SCM_EOL;
  return print_state;
}

SCM
scm_make_print_state ()
{
  SCM answer = SCM_BOOL_F;

  /* First try to allocate a print state from the pool */
  scm_i_pthread_mutex_lock (&print_state_mutex);
  if (!scm_is_null (print_state_pool))
    {
      answer = SCM_CAR (print_state_pool);
      print_state_pool = SCM_CDR (print_state_pool);
    }
  scm_i_pthread_mutex_unlock (&print_state_mutex);
  
  return scm_is_false (answer) ? make_print_state () : answer;
}

void
scm_free_print_state (SCM print_state)
{
  SCM handle;
  scm_print_state *pstate = SCM_PRINT_STATE (print_state);
  /* Cleanup before returning print state to pool.
   * It is better to do it here.  Doing it in scm_prin1
   * would cost more since that function is called much more
   * often.
   */
  pstate->fancyp = 0;
  pstate->revealed = 0;
  pstate->highlight_objects = SCM_EOL;
  scm_i_pthread_mutex_lock (&print_state_mutex);
  handle = scm_cons (print_state, print_state_pool);
  print_state_pool = handle;
  scm_i_pthread_mutex_unlock (&print_state_mutex);
}

SCM
scm_i_port_with_print_state (SCM port, SCM print_state)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (print_state))
    {
      if (SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_P (port))
	return port;
      else
	print_state = scm_make_print_state ();
      /* port does not need to be coerced since it doesn't have ps */
    }
  else
    port = SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (port);
  SCM_RETURN_NEWSMOB (scm_tc16_port_with_ps,
		      SCM_UNPACK (scm_cons (port, print_state)));
}

static void
grow_ref_stack (scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  SCM old_vect = pstate->ref_vect;
  size_t old_size = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (old_vect);
  size_t new_size = 2 * pstate->ceiling;
  SCM new_vect = scm_c_make_vector (new_size, SCM_UNDEFINED);
  unsigned long int i;

  for (i = 0; i != old_size; ++i)
    SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET (new_vect, i, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (old_vect, i));

  pstate->ref_vect = new_vect;
  pstate->ceiling = new_size;
}

#define PSTATE_STACK_REF(p,i)   SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF((p)->ref_vect, (i))
#define PSTATE_STACK_SET(p,i,v) SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET((p)->ref_vect, (i), (v))

static void
print_circref (SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate, SCM ref)
{
  register long i;
  long self = pstate->top - 1;
  i = pstate->top - 1;
  if (scm_is_pair (PSTATE_STACK_REF (pstate, i)))
    {
      while (i > 0)
	{
	  if (!scm_is_pair (PSTATE_STACK_REF (pstate, i-1))
	      || !scm_is_eq (SCM_CDR (PSTATE_STACK_REF (pstate, i-1)), 
			     SCM_CDR (PSTATE_STACK_REF (pstate, i))))
	    break;
	  --i;
	}
      self = i;
    }
  for (i = pstate->top - 1; 1; --i)
    if (scm_is_eq (PSTATE_STACK_REF(pstate, i), ref))
      break;
  scm_putc ('#', port);
  scm_intprint (i - self, 10, port);
  scm_putc ('#', port);
}

/* Print the name of a symbol. */

static int
quote_keywordish_symbol (SCM symbol)
{
  SCM option;

  if (scm_i_symbol_ref (symbol, 0) != ':'
      && scm_i_symbol_ref (symbol, scm_i_symbol_length (symbol) - 1) !=  ':')
    return 0;

  option = SCM_PRINT_KEYWORD_STYLE;
  if (scm_is_false (option))
    return 0;
  if (scm_is_eq (option, sym_reader))
    return scm_is_true (SCM_PACK (SCM_KEYWORD_STYLE));
  return 1;
}

void
scm_i_print_symbol_name (SCM str, SCM port)
{
  /* This points to the first character that has not yet been written to the
   * port. */
  size_t pos = 0;
  /* This points to the character we're currently looking at. */
  size_t end;
  /* If the name contains weird characters, we'll escape them with
   * backslashes and set this flag; it indicates that we should surround the
   * name with "#{" and "}#". */
  int weird = 0;
  /* Backslashes are not sufficient to make a name weird, but if a name is
   * weird because of other characters, backslahes need to be escaped too.
   * The first time we see a backslash, we set maybe_weird, and mw_pos points
   * to the backslash.  Then if the name turns out to be weird, we re-process
   * everything starting from mw_pos.
   * We could instead make backslashes always weird.  This is not necessary
   * to ensure that the output is (read)-able, but it would make this code
   * simpler and faster. */
  int maybe_weird = 0;
  size_t mw_pos = 0;
  size_t len = scm_i_symbol_length (str);
  scm_t_wchar str0 = scm_i_symbol_ref (str, 0);

  if (len == 0 || str0 == '\'' || str0 == '`' || str0 == ','
      || quote_keywordish_symbol (str) 
      || (str0 == '.' && len == 1)
      || scm_is_true (scm_i_string_to_number (scm_symbol_to_string (str), 10)))
    {
      scm_lfwrite ("#{", 2, port);
      weird = 1;
    }

  for (end = pos; end < len; ++end)
    switch (scm_i_symbol_ref (str, end))
      {
#ifdef BRACKETS_AS_PARENS
      case '[':
      case ']':
#endif
      case '(':
      case ')':
      case '"':
      case ';':
      case '#':
      case SCM_WHITE_SPACES:
      case SCM_LINE_INCREMENTORS:
      weird_handler:
	if (maybe_weird)
	  {
	    end = mw_pos;
	    maybe_weird = 0;
	  }
	if (!weird)
	  {
	    scm_lfwrite ("#{", 2, port);
	    weird = 1;
	  }
	if (pos < end)
	  scm_lfwrite_substr (scm_symbol_to_string (str), pos, end, port);
	{
	  char buf[2];
	  buf[0] = '\\';
	  buf[1] = (char) (unsigned char) scm_i_symbol_ref (str, end);
	  scm_lfwrite (buf, 2, port);
	}
	pos = end + 1;
	break;
      case '\\':
	if (weird)
	  goto weird_handler;
	if (!maybe_weird)
	  {
	    maybe_weird = 1;
	    mw_pos = pos;
	  }
	break;
      default:
	break;
      }
  if (pos < end)
    scm_lfwrite_substr (scm_symbol_to_string (str), pos, end, port);
  if (weird)
    scm_lfwrite ("}#", 2, port);
}

void
scm_print_symbol_name (const char *str, size_t len, SCM port)
{
  SCM symbol = scm_from_locale_symboln (str, len);
  scm_i_print_symbol_name (symbol, port);
}

/* Print generally.  Handles both write and display according to PSTATE.
 */
SCM_GPROC(s_write, "write", 1, 1, 0, scm_write, g_write);
SCM_GPROC(s_display, "display", 1, 1, 0, scm_display, g_display);

static void iprin1 (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate);


/* Print a character as an octal or hex escape.  */
#define PRINT_CHAR_ESCAPE(i, port)              \
  do                                            \
    {                                           \
      if (!SCM_R6RS_ESCAPES_P)                  \
        scm_intprint (i, 8, port);              \
      else                                      \
        {                                       \
          scm_puts ("x", port);                 \
          scm_intprint (i, 16, port);           \
        }                                       \
    }                                           \
  while (0)

  
void 
scm_iprin1 (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  if (pstate->fancyp
      && scm_is_true (scm_memq (exp, pstate->highlight_objects)))
    {
      scm_display (SCM_PRINT_HIGHLIGHT_PREFIX, port);
      iprin1 (exp, port, pstate);
      scm_display (SCM_PRINT_HIGHLIGHT_SUFFIX, port);
    }
  else
    iprin1 (exp, port, pstate);
}

static void
iprin1 (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  switch (SCM_ITAG3 (exp))
    {
    case scm_tc3_tc7_1:
    case scm_tc3_tc7_2:
      /* These tc3 tags should never occur in an immediate value.  They are
       * only used in cell types of non-immediates, i. e. the value returned
       * by SCM_CELL_TYPE (exp) can use these tags.
       */
      scm_ipruk ("immediate", exp, port);
      break;
    case scm_tc3_int_1:
    case scm_tc3_int_2:
      scm_intprint (SCM_I_INUM (exp), 10, port);
      break;
    case scm_tc3_imm24:
      if (SCM_CHARP (exp))
	{
	  if (SCM_WRITINGP (pstate))
	    write_character (SCM_CHAR (exp), port, 0);
	  else
	    {
	      if (!display_character (SCM_CHAR (exp), port,
				      scm_i_get_conversion_strategy (port)))
		scm_encoding_error (__func__, errno,
				    "cannot convert to output locale",
				    "UTF-32", scm_i_get_port_encoding (port),
				    scm_string (scm_list_1 (exp)));
	    }
	}
      else if (SCM_IFLAGP (exp)
	       && ((size_t) SCM_IFLAGNUM (exp) < (sizeof iflagnames / sizeof (char *))))
        {
          scm_puts (iflagnames [SCM_IFLAGNUM (exp)], port);
        }
      else
	{
	  /* unknown immediate value */
	  scm_ipruk ("immediate", exp, port);
	}
      break;
    case scm_tc3_cons:
      switch (SCM_TYP7 (exp))
	{
	case scm_tcs_struct:
	  {
	    ENTER_NESTED_DATA (pstate, exp, circref);
	    if (SCM_OBJ_CLASS_FLAGS (exp) & SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS)
	      {
		SCM pwps, print = pstate->writingp ? g_write : g_display;
		if (!print)
		  goto print_struct;
		pwps = scm_i_port_with_print_state (port, pstate->handle);
		pstate->revealed = 1;
		scm_call_generic_2 (print, exp, pwps);
	      }
	    else
	      {
	      print_struct:
		scm_print_struct (exp, port, pstate);
	      }
	    EXIT_NESTED_DATA (pstate);
	  }
	  break;
	case scm_tcs_cons_imcar:
	case scm_tcs_cons_nimcar:
	  ENTER_NESTED_DATA (pstate, exp, circref);
	  scm_iprlist ("(", exp, ')', port, pstate);
	  EXIT_NESTED_DATA (pstate);
	  break;
	circref:
	  print_circref (port, pstate, exp);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_number:
          switch SCM_TYP16 (exp) {
          case scm_tc16_big:
            scm_bigprint (exp, port, pstate);
            break;
          case scm_tc16_real:
            scm_print_real (exp, port, pstate);
            break;
          case scm_tc16_complex:
            scm_print_complex (exp, port, pstate);
            break;
          case scm_tc16_fraction:
            scm_i_print_fraction (exp, port, pstate);
            break;
          }
	  break;
        case scm_tc7_string:
          if (SCM_WRITINGP (pstate))
            {
              size_t len, i;

              scm_putc ('"', port);
              len = scm_i_string_length (exp);
              for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
		write_character (scm_i_string_ref (exp, i), port, 1);

              scm_putc ('"', port);
              scm_remember_upto_here_1 (exp);
            }
          else
            scm_lfwrite_str (exp, port);
          scm_remember_upto_here_1 (exp);
          break;
	case scm_tc7_symbol:
	  if (scm_i_symbol_is_interned (exp))
	    {
	      scm_i_print_symbol_name (exp, port);
	      scm_remember_upto_here_1 (exp);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      scm_puts ("#<uninterned-symbol ", port);
	      scm_i_print_symbol_name (exp, port);
	      scm_putc (' ', port);
	      scm_uintprint (SCM_UNPACK (exp), 16, port);
	      scm_putc ('>', port);
	    }
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_variable:
	  scm_i_variable_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_program:
	  scm_i_program_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_pointer:
	  scm_i_pointer_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_hashtable:
	  scm_i_hashtable_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_fluid:
	  scm_i_fluid_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_dynamic_state:
	  scm_i_dynamic_state_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_frame:
	  scm_i_frame_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_objcode:
	  scm_i_objcode_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_vm:
	  scm_i_vm_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_vm_cont:
	  scm_i_vm_cont_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_prompt:
	  scm_i_prompt_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_with_fluids:
	  scm_i_with_fluids_print (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_wvect:
	  ENTER_NESTED_DATA (pstate, exp, circref);
	  if (SCM_IS_WHVEC (exp))
	    scm_puts ("#wh(", port);
	  else
	    scm_puts ("#w(", port);
	  goto common_vector_printer;

	case scm_tc7_bytevector:
	  scm_i_print_bytevector (exp, port, pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_vector:
	  ENTER_NESTED_DATA (pstate, exp, circref);
	  scm_puts ("#(", port);
	common_vector_printer:
	  {
	    register long i;
	    long last = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (exp) - 1;
	    int cutp = 0;
	    if (pstate->fancyp
		&& SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (exp) > pstate->length)
	      {
		last = pstate->length - 1;
		cutp = 1;
	      }
	    if (SCM_I_WVECTP (exp))
	      {
		/* Elements of weak vectors may not be accessed via the
		   `SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF ()' macro.  */
		for (i = 0; i < last; ++i)
		  {
		    scm_iprin1 (scm_c_vector_ref (exp, i),
				port, pstate);
		    scm_putc (' ', port);
		  }
	      }
	    else
	      {
		for (i = 0; i < last; ++i)
		  {
		    scm_iprin1 (SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (exp, i), port, pstate);
		    scm_putc (' ', port);
		  }
	      }

	    if (i == last)
	      {
		/* CHECK_INTS; */
		scm_iprin1 (scm_c_vector_ref (exp, i), port, pstate);
	      }
	    if (cutp)
	      scm_puts (" ...", port);
	    scm_putc (')', port);
	  }
	  EXIT_NESTED_DATA (pstate);
	  break;
	case scm_tc7_port:
	  {
	    register long i = SCM_PTOBNUM (exp);
	    if (i < scm_numptob
		&& scm_ptobs[i].print
		&& (scm_ptobs[i].print) (exp, port, pstate))
	      break;
	    goto punk;
	  }
	case scm_tc7_smob:
	  ENTER_NESTED_DATA (pstate, exp, circref);
	  SCM_SMOB_DESCRIPTOR (exp).print (exp, port, pstate);
	  EXIT_NESTED_DATA (pstate);
	  break;
	default:
          /* case scm_tcs_closures: */
	punk:
	  scm_ipruk ("type", exp, port);
	}
    }
}

/* Print states are necessary for circular reference safe printing.
 * They are also expensive to allocate.  Therefore print states are
 * kept in a pool so that they can be reused.
 */

/* The PORT argument can also be a print-state/port pair, which will
 * then be used instead of allocating a new print state.  This is
 * useful for continuing a chain of print calls from Scheme.  */

void 
scm_prin1 (SCM exp, SCM port, int writingp)
{
  SCM handle = SCM_BOOL_F; /* Will GC protect the handle whilst unlinked */
  SCM pstate_scm;
  scm_print_state *pstate;
  int old_writingp;

  /* If PORT is a print-state/port pair, use that.  Else create a new
     print-state. */

  if (SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_P (port))
    {
      pstate_scm = SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PS (port);
      port = SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PORT (port);
    }
  else
    {
      /* First try to allocate a print state from the pool */
      scm_i_pthread_mutex_lock (&print_state_mutex);
      if (!scm_is_null (print_state_pool))
	{
	  handle = print_state_pool;
	  print_state_pool = SCM_CDR (print_state_pool);
	}
      scm_i_pthread_mutex_unlock (&print_state_mutex);
      if (scm_is_false (handle))
	handle = scm_list_1 (make_print_state ());
      pstate_scm = SCM_CAR (handle);
    }

  pstate = SCM_PRINT_STATE (pstate_scm);
  old_writingp = pstate->writingp;
  pstate->writingp = writingp;
  scm_iprin1 (exp, port, pstate);
  pstate->writingp = old_writingp;

  /* Return print state to pool if it has been created above and
     hasn't escaped to Scheme. */

  if (scm_is_true (handle) && !pstate->revealed)
    {
      scm_i_pthread_mutex_lock (&print_state_mutex);
      SCM_SETCDR (handle, print_state_pool);
      print_state_pool = handle;
      scm_i_pthread_mutex_unlock (&print_state_mutex);
    }
}

/* Attempt to display CH to PORT according to STRATEGY.  Return non-zero
   if CH was successfully displayed, zero otherwise (e.g., if it was not
   representable in PORT's encoding.)  */
static int
display_character (scm_t_wchar ch, SCM port,
		   scm_t_string_failed_conversion_handler strategy)
{
  int printed;
  const char *encoding;

  encoding = scm_i_get_port_encoding (port);
  if (encoding == NULL)
    {
      if (ch <= 0xff)
	{
	  scm_putc (ch, port);
	  printed = 1;
	}
      else
	printed = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      size_t len;
      char locale_encoded[8 * sizeof (ch)], *result;

      len = sizeof (locale_encoded);
      result = u32_conv_to_encoding (encoding, strategy,
				     (scm_t_uint32 *) &ch, 1,
				     NULL, locale_encoded, &len);
      if (result != NULL)
	{
	  /* CH is graphic; print it.  */

	  if (strategy == SCM_FAILED_CONVERSION_ESCAPE_SEQUENCE)
	    {
	      /* Apply the same escaping syntax as in `write_character'.  */
	      if (SCM_R6RS_ESCAPES_P)
		{
		  /* LOCALE_ENCODED is large enough to store an R6RS
		     `\xNNNN;' escape sequence.  However, libunistring
		     up to 0.9.3 (included) always returns a
		     heap-allocated RESULT.  */
		  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (result != locale_encoded))
		    result = scm_realloc (result, len * 7);

		  scm_i_unistring_escapes_to_r6rs_escapes (result, &len);
		}
	      else
		scm_i_unistring_escapes_to_guile_escapes (result, &len);
	    }

	  scm_lfwrite (result, len, port);
	  printed = 1;

	  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (result != locale_encoded))
	    free (result);
	}
      else
	printed = 0;
    }

  return printed;
}

/* Attempt to pretty-print CH, a combining character, to PORT.  Return
   zero upon failure, non-zero otherwise.  The idea is to print CH above
   a dotted circle to make it more visible.  */
static int
write_combining_character (scm_t_wchar ch, SCM port)
{
  int printed;
  const char *encoding;

  encoding = scm_i_get_port_encoding (port);
  if (encoding != NULL)
    {
      scm_t_wchar str[2];
      char locale_encoded[sizeof (str)], *result;
      size_t len;

      str[0] = SCM_CODEPOINT_DOTTED_CIRCLE;
      str[1] = ch;

      len = sizeof (locale_encoded);
      result = u32_conv_to_encoding (encoding, iconveh_error,
				     (scm_t_uint32 *) str, 2,
				     NULL, locale_encoded, &len);
      if (result != NULL)
	{
	  scm_lfwrite (result, len, port);
	  printed = 1;
	  if (SCM_UNLIKELY (result != locale_encoded))
	    free (result);
	}
      else
	/* Can't write the result to PORT.  */
	printed = 0;
    }
  else
    /* PORT is Latin-1-encoded and can't display the fancy things.  */
    printed = 0;

  return printed;
}

/* Write CH to PORT, escaping it if it's non-graphic or not
   representable in PORT's encoding.  If STRING_ESCAPES_P is true and CH
   needs to be escaped, it is escaped using the in-string escape syntax;
   otherwise the character escape syntax is used.  */
static void
write_character (scm_t_wchar ch, SCM port, int string_escapes_p)
{
  int printed = 0;

  if (string_escapes_p)
    {
      /* Check if CH deserves special treatment.  */
      if (ch == '"' || ch == '\\')
	{
	  scm_putc ('\\', port);
	  scm_putc (ch, port);
	  printed = 1;
	}
      else if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\n')
	{
	  scm_putc (ch, port);
	  printed = 1;
	}
    }
  else
    {
      scm_puts ("#\\", port);

      if (uc_combining_class (ch) != UC_CCC_NR)
	/* Character is a combining character, so attempt to
	   pretty-print it.  */
	printed = write_combining_character (ch, port);
    }

  if (!printed
      && uc_is_general_category_withtable (ch,
					   UC_CATEGORY_MASK_L |
					   UC_CATEGORY_MASK_M |
					   UC_CATEGORY_MASK_N |
					   UC_CATEGORY_MASK_P |
					   UC_CATEGORY_MASK_S))
    /* CH is graphic; attempt to display it.  */
    printed = display_character (ch, port, iconveh_error);

  if (!printed)
    {
      /* CH isn't graphic or cannot be represented in PORT's
	 encoding.  */

      if (string_escapes_p)
	{
	  /* Represent CH using the in-string escape syntax.  */

	  static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
	  char buf[9];

	  if (!SCM_R6RS_ESCAPES_P)
	    {
	      if (ch <= 0xFF)
		{
		  buf[0] = '\\';
		  buf[1] = 'x';
		  buf[2] = hex[ch / 16];
		  buf[3] = hex[ch % 16];
		  scm_lfwrite (buf, 4, port);
		}
	      else if (ch <= 0xFFFF)
		{
		  buf[0] = '\\';
		  buf[1] = 'u';
		  buf[2] = hex[(ch & 0xF000) >> 12];
		  buf[3] = hex[(ch & 0xF00) >> 8];
		  buf[4] = hex[(ch & 0xF0) >> 4];
		  buf[5] = hex[(ch & 0xF)];
		  scm_lfwrite (buf, 6, port);
		}
	      else if (ch > 0xFFFF)
		{
		  buf[0] = '\\';
		  buf[1] = 'U';
		  buf[2] = hex[(ch & 0xF00000) >> 20];
		  buf[3] = hex[(ch & 0xF0000) >> 16];
		  buf[4] = hex[(ch & 0xF000) >> 12];
		  buf[5] = hex[(ch & 0xF00) >> 8];
		  buf[6] = hex[(ch & 0xF0) >> 4];
		  buf[7] = hex[(ch & 0xF)];
		  scm_lfwrite (buf, 8, port);
		}
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* Print an R6RS variable-length hex escape: "\xNNNN;".  */
	      scm_t_wchar ch2 = ch;

	      int i = 8;
	      buf[i] = ';';
	      i --;
	      if (ch == 0)
		buf[i--] = '0';
	      else
		while (ch2 > 0)
		  {
		    buf[i] = hex[ch2 & 0xF];
		    ch2 >>= 4;
		    i --;
		  }
	      buf[i] = 'x';
	      i --;
	      buf[i] = '\\';
	      scm_lfwrite (buf + i, 9 - i, port);
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  /* Represent CH using the character escape syntax.  */
	  const char *name;

	  name = scm_i_charname (SCM_MAKE_CHAR (ch));
	  if (name != NULL)
	    scm_puts (name, port);
	  else
	    PRINT_CHAR_ESCAPE (ch, port);
	}
    }
}

/* Print an integer.
 */

void 
scm_intprint (scm_t_intmax n, int radix, SCM port)
{
  char num_buf[SCM_INTBUFLEN];
  scm_lfwrite (num_buf, scm_iint2str (n, radix, num_buf), port);
}

void 
scm_uintprint (scm_t_uintmax n, int radix, SCM port)
{
  char num_buf[SCM_INTBUFLEN];
  scm_lfwrite (num_buf, scm_iuint2str (n, radix, num_buf), port);
}

/* Print an object of unrecognized type.
 */

void 
scm_ipruk (char *hdr, SCM ptr, SCM port)
{
  scm_puts ("#<unknown-", port);
  scm_puts (hdr, port);
  if (1) /* (scm_in_heap_p (ptr)) */ /* FIXME */
    {
      scm_puts (" (0x", port);
      scm_uintprint (SCM_CELL_WORD_0 (ptr), 16, port);
      scm_puts (" . 0x", port);
      scm_uintprint (SCM_CELL_WORD_1 (ptr), 16, port);
      scm_puts (") @", port);
    }
  scm_puts (" 0x", port);
  scm_uintprint (SCM_UNPACK (ptr), 16, port);
  scm_putc ('>', port);
}


/* Print a list.
 */
void 
scm_iprlist (char *hdr, SCM exp, int tlr, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  register SCM hare, tortoise;
  long floor = pstate->top - 2;
  scm_puts (hdr, port);
  /* CHECK_INTS; */
  if (pstate->fancyp)
    goto fancy_printing;
  
  /* Run a hare and tortoise so that total time complexity will be
     O(depth * N) instead of O(N^2). */
  hare = SCM_CDR (exp);
  tortoise = exp;
  while (scm_is_pair (hare))
    {
      if (scm_is_eq (hare, tortoise))
	goto fancy_printing;
      hare = SCM_CDR (hare);
      if (!scm_is_pair (hare))
	break;
      hare = SCM_CDR (hare);
      tortoise = SCM_CDR (tortoise);
    }
  
  /* No cdr cycles intrinsic to this list */
  scm_iprin1 (SCM_CAR (exp), port, pstate);
  for (exp = SCM_CDR (exp); scm_is_pair (exp); exp = SCM_CDR (exp))
    {
      register long i;

      for (i = floor; i >= 0; --i)
	if (scm_is_eq (PSTATE_STACK_REF(pstate, i), exp))
	  goto circref;
      PUSH_REF (pstate, exp);
      scm_putc (' ', port);
      /* CHECK_INTS; */
      scm_iprin1 (SCM_CAR (exp), port, pstate);
    }
  if (!SCM_NULL_OR_NIL_P (exp))
    {
      scm_puts (" . ", port);
      scm_iprin1 (exp, port, pstate);
    }

end:
  scm_putc (tlr, port);
  pstate->top = floor + 2;
  return;
  
fancy_printing:
  {
    long n = pstate->length;
    
    scm_iprin1 (SCM_CAR (exp), port, pstate);
    exp = SCM_CDR (exp); --n;
    for (; scm_is_pair (exp); exp = SCM_CDR (exp))
      {
	register unsigned long i;

	for (i = 0; i < pstate->top; ++i)
	  if (scm_is_eq (PSTATE_STACK_REF(pstate, i), exp))
	    goto fancy_circref;
	if (pstate->fancyp)
	  {
	    if (n == 0)
	      {
		scm_puts (" ...", port);
		goto skip_tail;
	      }
	    else
	      --n;
	  }
	PUSH_REF(pstate, exp);
	++pstate->list_offset;
	scm_putc (' ', port);
	/* CHECK_INTS; */
	scm_iprin1 (SCM_CAR (exp), port, pstate);
      }
  }
  if (!SCM_NULL_OR_NIL_P (exp))
    {
      scm_puts (" . ", port);
      scm_iprin1 (exp, port, pstate);
    }
skip_tail:
  pstate->list_offset -= pstate->top - floor - 2;
  goto end;

fancy_circref:
  pstate->list_offset -= pstate->top - floor - 2;
  
circref:
  scm_puts (" . ", port);
  print_circref (port, pstate, exp);
  goto end;
}

\f

int
scm_valid_oport_value_p	(SCM val)
{
  return (SCM_OPOUTPORTP (val)
          || (SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_P (val)
              && SCM_OPOUTPORTP (SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PORT (val))));
}

/* SCM_GPROC(s_write, "write", 1, 1, 0, scm_write, g_write); */

SCM 
scm_write (SCM obj, SCM port)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (port))
    port = scm_current_output_port ();

  SCM_ASSERT (scm_valid_oport_value_p (port), port, SCM_ARG2, s_write);

  scm_prin1 (obj, port, 1);
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}


/* SCM_GPROC(s_display, "display", 1, 1, 0, scm_display, g_display); */

SCM 
scm_display (SCM obj, SCM port)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (port))
    port = scm_current_output_port ();

  SCM_ASSERT (scm_valid_oport_value_p (port), port, SCM_ARG2, s_display);

  scm_prin1 (obj, port, 0);
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}


SCM_DEFINE (scm_simple_format, "simple-format", 2, 0, 1,
            (SCM destination, SCM message, SCM args),
	    "Write @var{message} to @var{destination}, defaulting to\n"
	    "the current output port.\n"
	    "@var{message} can contain @code{~A} (was @code{%s}) and\n"
	    "@code{~S} (was @code{%S}) escapes.  When printed,\n"
	    "the escapes are replaced with corresponding members of\n"
	    "@var{ARGS}:\n"
	    "@code{~A} formats using @code{display} and @code{~S} formats\n"
	    "using @code{write}.\n"
	    "If @var{destination} is @code{#t}, then use the current output\n"
	    "port, if @var{destination} is @code{#f}, then return a string\n"
	    "containing the formatted text. Does not add a trailing newline.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_simple_format
{
  SCM port, answer = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
  int fReturnString = 0;
  int writingp;
  size_t start, p, end;

  if (scm_is_eq (destination, SCM_BOOL_T))
    {
      destination = port = scm_current_output_port ();
    }
  else if (scm_is_false (destination))
    {
      fReturnString = 1;
      port = scm_mkstrport (SCM_INUM0, 
			    scm_make_string (SCM_INUM0, SCM_UNDEFINED),
			    SCM_OPN | SCM_WRTNG,
			    FUNC_NAME);
      destination = port;
    }
  else
    {
      SCM_VALIDATE_OPORT_VALUE (1, destination);
      port = SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (destination);
    }
  SCM_VALIDATE_STRING (2, message);
  SCM_VALIDATE_REST_ARGUMENT (args);

  p = 0;
  start = 0;
  end = scm_i_string_length (message);
  for (p = start; p != end; ++p)
    if (scm_i_string_ref (message, p) == '~')
      {
	if (++p == end)
	  break;

	switch (scm_i_string_ref (message, p)) 
	  {
	  case 'A': case 'a':
	    writingp = 0;
	    break;
	  case 'S': case 's':
	    writingp = 1;
	    break;
	  case '~':
	    scm_lfwrite_substr (message, start, p, port);
	    start = p + 1;
	    continue;
	  case '%':
	    scm_lfwrite_substr (message, start, p - 1, port);
	    scm_newline (port);
	    start = p + 1;
	    continue;
	  default:
	    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("FORMAT: Unsupported format option ~~~A - use (ice-9 format) instead",
			    scm_list_1 (SCM_MAKE_CHAR (scm_i_string_ref (message, p))));
	    
	  }


	if (!scm_is_pair (args))
	  SCM_MISC_ERROR ("FORMAT: Missing argument for ~~~A",
			  scm_list_1 (SCM_MAKE_CHAR (scm_i_string_ref (message, p))));
			  		
	scm_lfwrite_substr (message, start, p - 1, port);
	/* we pass destination here */
	scm_prin1 (SCM_CAR (args), destination, writingp);
	args = SCM_CDR (args);
	start = p + 1;
      }

  scm_lfwrite_substr (message, start, p, port);
  if (!scm_is_eq (args, SCM_EOL))
    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("FORMAT: ~A superfluous arguments",
		    scm_list_1 (scm_length (args)));

  if (fReturnString)
    answer = scm_strport_to_string (destination);

  return scm_return_first (answer, message);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_newline, "newline", 0, 1, 0, 
            (SCM port),
	    "Send a newline to @var{port}.\n"
	    "If @var{port} is omitted, send to the current output port.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_newline
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (port))
    port = scm_current_output_port ();

  SCM_VALIDATE_OPORT_VALUE (1, port);

  scm_putc ('\n', SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (port));
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_write_char, "write-char", 1, 1, 0,
            (SCM chr, SCM port),
	    "Send character @var{chr} to @var{port}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_write_char
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (port))
    port = scm_current_output_port ();

  SCM_VALIDATE_CHAR (1, chr);
  SCM_VALIDATE_OPORT_VALUE (2, port);

  port = SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (port);
  if (!display_character (SCM_CHAR (chr), port,
			  scm_i_get_conversion_strategy (port)))
    scm_encoding_error (__func__, errno,
			"cannot convert to output locale",
			"UTF-32", scm_i_get_port_encoding (port),
			scm_string (scm_list_1 (chr)));

  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

\f

/* Call back to Scheme code to do the printing of special objects
 * (like structs).  SCM_PRINTER_APPLY applies PROC to EXP and a smob
 * containing PORT and PSTATE.  This object can be used as the port for
 * display/write etc to continue the current print chain.  The REVEALED
 * field of PSTATE is set to true to indicate that the print state has
 * escaped to Scheme and thus has to be freed by the GC.
 */

scm_t_bits scm_tc16_port_with_ps;

/* Print exactly as the port itself would */

static int
port_with_ps_print (SCM obj, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  obj = SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PORT (obj);
  return scm_ptobs[SCM_PTOBNUM (obj)].print (obj, port, pstate);
}

SCM
scm_printer_apply (SCM proc, SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  pstate->revealed = 1;
  return scm_call_2 (proc, exp,
		     scm_i_port_with_print_state (port, pstate->handle));
}

SCM_DEFINE (scm_port_with_print_state, "port-with-print-state", 1, 1, 0, 
            (SCM port, SCM pstate),
	    "Create a new port which behaves like @var{port}, but with an\n"
	    "included print state @var{pstate}.  @var{pstate} is optional.\n"
	    "If @var{pstate} isn't supplied and @var{port} already has\n"
	    "a print state, the old print state is reused.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_port_with_print_state
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_OPORT_VALUE (1, port);
  if (!SCM_UNBNDP (pstate))
    SCM_VALIDATE_PRINTSTATE (2, pstate);
  return scm_i_port_with_print_state (port, pstate);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_get_print_state, "get-print-state", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM port),
	    "Return the print state of the port @var{port}. If @var{port}\n"
	    "has no associated print state, @code{#f} is returned.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_get_print_state
{
  if (SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_P (port))
    return SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PS (port);
  if (SCM_OUTPUT_PORT_P (port))
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (1, port);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

\f

void
scm_init_print ()
{
  SCM vtable, layout, type;

  scm_init_opts (scm_print_options, scm_print_opts);

  scm_print_options (scm_list_4 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("highlight-prefix"),
				 scm_from_locale_string ("{"),
				 scm_from_locale_symbol ("highlight-suffix"),
				 scm_from_locale_string ("}")));

  scm_gc_register_root (&print_state_pool);
  scm_gc_register_root (&scm_print_state_vtable);
  vtable = scm_make_vtable_vtable (scm_nullstr, SCM_INUM0, SCM_EOL);
  layout =
    scm_make_struct_layout (scm_from_locale_string (SCM_PRINT_STATE_LAYOUT));
  type = scm_make_struct (vtable, SCM_INUM0, scm_list_1 (layout));
  scm_set_struct_vtable_name_x (type, scm_from_locale_symbol ("print-state"));
  scm_print_state_vtable = type;

  /* Don't want to bind a wrapper class in GOOPS, so pass 0 as arg1. */
  scm_tc16_port_with_ps = scm_make_smob_type (0, 0);
  scm_set_smob_print (scm_tc16_port_with_ps, port_with_ps_print);

#include "libguile/print.x"

  scm_print_opts[SCM_PRINT_KEYWORD_STYLE_I].val = SCM_UNPACK (sym_reader);
}

/*
  Local Variables:
  c-file-style: "gnu"
  End:
*/