1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
3 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
4 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 See the end of the file for license conditions.
7 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
8 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
10 This file is about changes in Emacs version 22.
12 See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
13 in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
18 * About external Lisp packages
20 When you upgrade to Emacs 22 from a previous version, some older
21 versions of external Lisp packages are known to behave badly.
22 So in general, it is recommended that you upgrade to the latest
23 versions of any external Lisp packages that you are using.
25 You should also be aware that many Lisp packages have been included
26 with Emacs 22 (see the extensive list below), and you should remove
27 any older versions of these packages to ensure that the Emacs 22
28 version is used. You can use M-x list-load-path-shadows to find such
31 Some specific packages that are known to cause problems are given
32 below. Emacs tries to warn you about these through `bad-packages-alist'.
34 ** Semantic (used by CEDET, ECB, JDEE): upgrade to latest version.
36 ** cua.el, cua-mode.el: remove old versions.
38 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.2
40 ** Emacs is now licensed under the GNU GPL version 3 (or later).
42 * Changes in Emacs 22.2
44 ** `browse-url-emacs' loads a URL into an Emacs buffer. Handy for *.el URLs.
46 ** `bad-packages-alist' will warn about external packages that are known
47 to cause problems in this version of Emacs.
49 ** The values of `dired-recursive-deletes' and `dired-recursive-copies'
50 have been changed to `top'. This means that the user is asked once,
51 before deleting/copying the indicated directory recursively.
53 ** In Image mode, whenever the displayed image is wider and/or higher
54 than the window, the usual keys for moving the cursor cause the image
55 to be scrolled horizontally or vertically instead.
57 ** Scrollbars follow the system theme on Windows XP and later.
58 Windows XP introduced themed scrollbars, but applications have to take
59 special steps to use them. Emacs now has the appropriate resources linked
60 in to make it use the scrollbars from the system theme.
62 ** focus-follows-mouse defaults to nil on MS Windows.
63 Previously this variable was incorrectly documented as having no effect
64 on MS Windows, and the default was inappropriate for the majority of
65 Windows installations. Users of software which modifies the behaviour of
66 Windows to cause focus to follow the mouse will now need to explicitly set
69 ** The command gdba has been removed as gdb works now for those cases where it
70 was needed. In text command mode, if you have problems before execution has
71 started, use M-x gud-gdb.
73 ** desktop.el now detects conflicting uses of the desktop file.
74 When loading the desktop, desktop.el can now detect that the file is already
75 in use. The default behavior is to ask the user what to do, but you can
76 customize it with the new option `desktop-load-locked-desktop'. When saving,
77 desktop.el warns about attempts to overwrite a desktop file if it determines
78 that the desktop being saved is not an update of the one on disk.
80 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.2
82 ** bibtex-style-mode helps you write BibTeX's *.bst files.
84 ** The new package css-mode.el provides a major mode for editing CSS files.
86 ** The new package vera-mode.el provides a major mode for editing Vera files.
88 ** The new package socks.el implements the SOCKS v5 protocol.
92 *** VC backends can provide completion of revision names.
94 *** VC backends can provide extra menu entries to be added to the "Version Control" menu.
95 This can be used to add menu entries for backend specific functions.
97 *** VC has some support for Mercurial (Hg).
99 *** VC has some support for Monotone (Mtn).
101 *** VC has some support for Bazaar (Bzr).
103 *** VC has some support for Git.
105 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.2.
107 ** Frame-local variables are deprecated and are slated for removal.
108 Use frame parameters instead.
109 ** The function invisible-p returns non-nil if the character
110 after a specified position is invisible.
113 ** inhibit-modification-hooks is bound to t while running modification hooks.
114 As a happy consequence, after-change-functions and before-change-functions
115 are not bound to nil any more while running an (after|before)-change-function.
117 ** New function `window-full-width-p' returns t if a window is as wide
120 ** The new function `image-refresh' refreshes all images associated
121 with a given image specification.
123 ** The new function `split-string-and-unquote' does (what?)
125 ** The new function `combine-and-quote-strings' does (what?)
127 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1
129 ** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
130 when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
131 provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
133 ** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
135 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
136 Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
137 Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar to make it easily
138 accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
140 ** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
143 This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
144 together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
145 item was added to the menu bar to make it easily accessible
146 (Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
148 ** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
149 You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
152 ** Support for MacOS X was added.
153 See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
155 ** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
156 create a non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
157 the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
159 ** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added.
161 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
163 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
165 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on Tensilica Xtensa machines was added.
167 ** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
169 ** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
170 following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
171 with simplified and traditional characters), French, Russian, and
172 Italian. Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language
173 setup doesn't automatically select the right one.
175 ** New translations of the Emacs reference card are available in the
176 Brasilian Portuguese and Russian. The corresponding PostScript files
179 ** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
181 ** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
182 `--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
185 ** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
186 scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
187 place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
188 configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
189 to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
190 to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
191 in each user's home directory.
193 ** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
194 (Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
195 the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
196 setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
198 ** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
200 ** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
202 ** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs.
203 See also the changes to `find-image', documented below.
205 ** Emacs comes with a new set of icons.
206 These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs
207 runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be
208 found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by
209 Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled
210 into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS
211 Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.)
213 ** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
215 ** The `yow' program has been removed.
216 Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead.
218 ** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
219 The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
220 terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
222 ** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
223 contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
226 ** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
227 types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
229 ** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
230 much pure storage it will approximately need.
233 * Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1
236 If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
237 ~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. Likewise, if the shell init file
238 ~/.emacs_SHELL is not found, Emacs will try ~/.emacs.d/init_SHELL.sh.
240 ** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
241 When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
242 `--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
243 whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
244 screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
246 ** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
247 arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
248 disables the splash screen; see also the variable
249 `inhibit-splash-screen' (which is also aliased as
250 `inhibit-startup-message').
252 ** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
253 When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
254 displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
256 ** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
257 the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
259 ** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
260 It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
261 can start with this line:
263 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
265 ** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
266 now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
267 an interactively callable function.
269 ** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
270 Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
271 appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
273 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
275 Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
276 in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
278 ** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
279 all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
280 affects the initial frame.
282 ** Emacs built for MS-Windows now behaves like Emacs on X does,
283 with respect to its frame position: if you don't specify a position
284 (in your .emacs init file, in the Registry, or with the --geometry
285 command-line option), Emacs leaves the frame position to the Windows'
288 ** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
289 --no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
291 ** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
292 Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
294 ** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
295 automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
296 modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
297 can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
298 according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
300 ** New command line option -Q or --quick.
301 This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
302 the fancy startup screen.
304 ** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
305 Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
308 ** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon.
309 The command-line options --icon-type, -i have been replaced with
310 options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn the bitmap icon off.
312 ** If the environment variable EMAIL is defined, Emacs now uses its value
313 to compute the default value of `user-mail-address', in preference to
314 concatenation of `user-login-name' with the name of your host machine.
317 * Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
319 ** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
321 See below for more details.
323 ** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
324 (beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
327 ** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
328 This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
329 need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
330 keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
331 "New keymaps for typing file names".
333 If you want the old behavior back, add these two key bindings to your
336 (define-key minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map
337 " " 'minibuffer-complete-word)
338 (define-key minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map
339 " " 'minibuffer-complete-word)
341 ** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
342 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
343 it remains unchanged.
345 ** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
347 See below under "incremental search changes".
349 ** M-g is now a prefix key.
350 M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
351 M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
352 M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
354 ** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
355 and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
357 When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
358 point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
360 ** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
361 M-o M-o requests refontification.
363 ** C-x C-f RET (find-file), typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer
366 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
367 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
368 directory with Dired.
370 You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
371 the actual file name into the minibuffer.
373 ** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
374 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
375 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
376 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
377 doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
378 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
380 ** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
381 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
383 ** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
384 in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
386 ** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
388 ** Adaptive filling misfeature removed.
389 It no longer treats `NNN.' or `(NNN)' as a prefix.
391 ** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
392 since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
393 the operating system or your X server.
395 ** The register compatibility key bindings (deprecated since Emacs 19)
397 C-x / point-to-register (Use: C-x r SPC)
398 C-x j jump-to-register (Use: C-x r j)
399 C-x x copy-to-register (Use: C-x r s)
400 C-x g insert-register (Use: C-x r i)
403 * Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
405 ** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
406 On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
408 ** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
409 cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
410 crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
411 killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
412 not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
415 ** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
417 ** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
418 be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
419 `yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
420 of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
422 ** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
423 By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
425 ** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
426 converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
428 ** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
429 (previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
430 C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
431 cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
433 ** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
434 but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
435 analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
437 ** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
438 understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
441 ** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
442 `insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
444 ** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
446 Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
447 now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
448 in the value, use `$$'.
450 ** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
451 been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
452 in Paragraph-Indent Text mode.
454 ** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
457 ** Help command changes:
459 *** Changes in C-h bindings:
461 C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
463 C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
465 C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info.
467 C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
470 C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
471 C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
473 The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
474 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
476 C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
477 - C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
478 run by the key sequence.
479 - C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
480 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
483 For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
484 to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
485 - C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
486 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
487 - C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
488 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
489 - C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
490 new-kill-line is on C-k
492 *** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
493 When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
494 be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
497 *** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
498 to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
499 number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
500 regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
501 match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
504 *** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
505 arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
506 default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
507 `help-default-arg-highlight'.
509 *** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
510 variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
512 *** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
513 preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
514 hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
515 preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
516 hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
517 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
518 anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
519 addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
520 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
522 *** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
523 description various information about a character, including its
524 encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
525 widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
526 clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
528 *** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
529 C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
531 *** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
532 in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
533 same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
534 `help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
535 keyboard oriented alternative.
537 *** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows you to
538 automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
539 point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
540 determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
541 to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
543 ** Mark command changes:
545 *** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
546 previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
547 C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
548 to set the mark immediately after a jump.
550 *** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
552 If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
553 (mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
554 extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
555 M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
556 mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
557 region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
558 the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
559 in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
560 or set the new mark with C-SPC.
562 *** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
563 mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
564 region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
565 want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
566 ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
569 One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
570 and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
571 This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
574 After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
575 deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
576 that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
579 *** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
580 `beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
581 is already active in Transient Mark mode.
583 *** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
585 With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
586 if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
589 ** Incremental Search changes:
591 *** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
592 `query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
593 search string used as the string to replace.
595 *** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
596 making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
597 command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
598 bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
600 *** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
601 at the end of a line.
603 *** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
604 Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
605 and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
607 *** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
608 To enable this feature, customize the new user option
609 `isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
610 constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
613 *** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
614 history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
615 user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
617 ** Replace command changes:
619 *** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
620 `replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
621 where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
622 time. `\#' in a replacement string now refers to the count of
623 replacements already made by the replacement command. All regular
624 expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the replacement
625 string to specify a position where the replacement string can be
626 edited for each replacement. `query-replace-regexp-eval' is now
627 deprecated since it offers no additional functionality.
629 *** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
630 `query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
632 *** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
633 `query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
635 *** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
636 `query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
637 a match if part of it has a read-only property.
639 ** Local variables lists:
641 *** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
642 are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
643 the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
644 was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
645 definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
647 At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
648 variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
649 option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
650 Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
651 `safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
652 However, risky variables will not be added to
653 `safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
655 *** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
656 lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
657 behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
658 :all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe.
659 nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
661 *** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
662 are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
663 specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
664 such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
667 *** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
668 that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
669 appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
670 is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
671 ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
672 with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
674 If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
675 confirmation as before.
677 *** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
678 suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
680 *** Text properties in local variables.
682 A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
683 properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
685 ** File operation changes:
687 *** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
688 the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
689 Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
690 is only rarely needed.
692 *** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
694 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
695 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
696 directory with Dired.
698 *** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
699 against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
701 *** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
703 *** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
704 Emacs asks for confirmation.
706 *** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
707 add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
708 convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
709 the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
710 commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
711 /tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
713 *** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
715 `visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
716 when visiting the file.
718 `visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
719 needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
720 when saving the file.
722 *** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
723 major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
724 designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
725 sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
726 So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
729 *** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
730 read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
731 want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
734 *** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
735 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
737 *** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
738 when the file name contains wildcard characters. It now asks if you
739 wish save your changes and not just offer to kill the buffer.
741 *** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
742 before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
743 supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
745 *** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
746 controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
747 attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
749 *** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
750 in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
751 the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
752 in data loss, use with care.
754 ** Minibuffer changes:
756 *** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
757 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
758 it remains unchanged.
760 *** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
761 entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
763 *** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
764 Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
765 variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
768 *** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
770 Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
771 have in common and where they begin to differ.
773 The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
774 `completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
775 same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
776 `completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
777 `completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
778 `completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
779 parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
780 parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
782 Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
783 triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
784 listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
785 the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
788 *** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
789 If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
790 slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
791 completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
792 which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
793 candidate is a directory.
795 *** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
796 If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
797 elements are deleted from the history list.
799 ** Redisplay changes:
801 *** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
802 of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
803 the mode line of the currently selected window.
805 The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
806 the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
808 *** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
809 When the file is maintained under version control, that information
810 appears between the position information and the major mode.
812 *** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
813 for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
814 top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
815 control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
818 *** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
819 addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
820 the window can be scrolled.
822 This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
823 `indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
824 this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
826 If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
827 displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
829 The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
830 position of each bitmap individually.
832 For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
833 in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
834 arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
835 left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
837 *** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
838 (not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
839 two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
840 Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
841 cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
843 The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
844 revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
846 *** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
847 in addition to the individual display margin settings.
849 Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
850 horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
851 or when the frame is resized.
853 *** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
854 displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
855 outside those margins.
857 *** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
859 *** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
860 face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
861 specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
863 *** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
864 The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
865 the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
866 will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
868 The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
869 hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
870 window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
871 window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
872 many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
873 gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
875 The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
876 `auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
878 *** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
879 the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
882 *** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth.
884 To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays,
885 the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during
886 redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies
887 the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds.
889 *** The %c and %l constructs are now ignored in frame-title-format.
890 Due to technical limitations in how Emacs interacts with windowing
891 systems, these constructs often failed to render properly, and could
892 even cause Emacs to crash.
894 *** If value of `auto-resize-tool-bars' is `grow-only', the tool bar
895 will expand as needed, but not contract automatically. To contract
896 the tool bar, you must type C-l.
898 *** New customize option `overline-margin' controls the space between
901 *** New variable `x-underline-at-descent-line' controls the relative
902 position of the underline. When set, it overrides the
903 `x-use-underline-position-properties' variables.
907 *** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
908 elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
911 *** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
912 parts of the mode line.
914 *** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
915 the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
916 This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
917 black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
918 allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
919 so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
921 *** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
923 ** Font-Lock (syntax highlighting) changes:
925 *** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
926 fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
927 modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
929 The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
930 fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
933 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
935 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
937 *** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
938 You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
939 the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
940 cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
942 *** Font-Lock mode: in major modes such as Lisp mode, where some Emacs
943 features assume that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of
944 any string or comment, Font-Lock now highlights any such open-paren in
945 bold-red if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it
946 can cause trouble. You should rewrite the string or comment so that
947 the open-paren is not in column 0.
949 *** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
950 M-o M-o requests refontification.
952 *** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
953 The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now nil
954 instead of 3. This setting of jit-lock-stealth-time disables stealth
955 fontification: on today's machines, it may be a bug in font lock
956 patterns if fontification otherwise noticeably degrades interactivity.
957 If you find movement in infrequently visited buffers sluggish (and the
958 major mode maintainer has no better idea), customizing
959 jit-lock-stealth-time to a non-nil value will let Emacs fontify
960 buffers in the background when it considers the system to be idle.
961 jit-lock-stealth-nice is now 0.5 instead of 0.125 which is supposed to
962 cause less load than the old defaults.
964 *** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
966 If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
967 idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
968 example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
969 only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
971 *** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
973 jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
974 jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
975 refontification takes place.
977 *** lazy-lock is considered obsolete.
979 The `lazy-lock' package is superseded by `jit-lock' and is considered
980 obsolete. `jit-lock' is activated by default; if you wish to continue
981 using `lazy-lock', activate it in your ~/.emacs like this:
982 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
984 If you invoke `lazy-lock-mode' directly rather than through
985 `font-lock-support-mode', it now issues a warning:
986 "Use font-lock-support-mode rather than calling lazy-lock-mode"
990 *** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
991 This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
992 as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
993 You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
994 it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
995 current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
997 *** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
999 *** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
1000 and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
1001 to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
1003 *** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/LessTif can be
1004 disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
1006 *** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
1007 be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
1009 *** The menu bar for Motif/LessTif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
1010 Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
1011 the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
1013 *** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
1014 to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
1015 `-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
1017 *** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and LessTif/Motif now pop down on pressing
1018 ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
1020 *** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
1021 by setting the variable `x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
1024 *** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
1026 ** Buffer Menu changes:
1028 *** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1029 `buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1030 in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1032 `buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1033 leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1034 If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1035 shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1036 and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1038 `buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1039 the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1040 t, and the status is shown.
1042 Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1043 the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1045 *** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1046 buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1049 *** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1050 with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1051 whose names begin with space are omitted.
1055 *** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
1057 Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
1058 click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
1059 click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
1060 inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
1061 to match this context-sensitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
1062 behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
1064 Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
1065 more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
1066 activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
1067 (see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
1068 packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
1069 this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
1070 is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
1071 happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
1072 on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
1074 If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
1075 just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
1076 click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
1079 Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
1080 drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
1082 You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
1083 `mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
1085 *** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
1086 value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
1087 one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
1088 can be selected only when it is active.
1090 *** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
1091 select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
1092 normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
1093 the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
1094 window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
1097 *** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
1098 is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1099 can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1100 mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1101 also disable mouse highlighting.
1103 *** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1104 shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1105 variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1107 *** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1109 *** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1111 People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1112 unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1113 ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1114 mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1116 *** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1117 (rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1119 ** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1121 *** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1122 construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1123 -*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1124 various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1125 specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1126 shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1127 character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1128 construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the
1129 following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1'
1130 without any character translation:
1131 ;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*-
1133 *** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1134 more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1135 name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1136 This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1137 default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1139 *** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1140 current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1141 can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1142 characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1143 emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1144 keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1145 or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1146 by the keyboard. See Info node `Unibyte Mode'.
1148 *** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1149 coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1150 (Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1153 *** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1154 revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1156 *** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1159 *** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1162 *** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1165 *** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1166 in the current input method to input a character at point.
1168 *** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1169 Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1170 the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1171 Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1172 sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1173 translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1174 mule-unicode-... ones.
1176 By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1177 Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1178 with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1181 You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1182 unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1183 into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1184 mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1185 will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1187 *** New language environments (set up automatically according to the
1188 locale): Belarusian, Bulgarian, Chinese-EUC-TW, Croatian, Esperanto,
1189 French, Georgian, Italian, Latin-7, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malayalam,
1190 Russian, Russian, Slovenian, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil, UTF-8,Ukrainian,
1191 Welsh,Latin-6, Windows-1255.
1193 *** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1194 belarusian, bulgarian-bds, bulgarian-phonetic, chinese-sisheng (for
1195 Chinese Pinyin characters), croatian, dutch, georgian, latvian-keyboard,
1196 lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard, malayalam-inscript, rfc1345,
1197 russian-computer, sgml, slovenian, tamil-inscript, ukrainian-computer,
1198 ucs, vietnamese-telex, welsh.
1200 *** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1201 either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1202 when possible. The latter are more space-efficient.
1203 This is controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1205 *** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1206 automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1207 environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1208 versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1212 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1213 M-t (transpose-words)
1214 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1216 *** Indian support has been updated.
1217 The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1218 assumed. There is a framework for supporting various Indian scripts,
1219 but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are supported.
1221 *** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1222 By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1223 single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1224 turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1225 sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1226 system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1227 interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1228 You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1229 `ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1230 coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1231 one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1232 The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1234 *** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1236 *** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1237 in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1238 Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1240 *** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1241 These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1242 on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1243 only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1244 `code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1246 *** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1247 Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1249 *** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1250 characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1251 fontset appropriately.
1253 ** Customize changes:
1255 *** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1256 custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1257 load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1258 enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1260 *** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1261 now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1262 specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1265 *** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1266 In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1267 check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1268 for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1269 sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1270 its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1271 case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1273 *** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1274 the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1275 You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1276 under the "[State]" button.
1280 *** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1281 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1282 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1283 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1284 double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1285 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1287 *** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1288 This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1290 *** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1291 dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1292 introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1294 *** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1295 with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1297 *** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1298 of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1300 *** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1301 into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1303 *** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1305 The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1306 dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1307 dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1310 *** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1311 have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1312 directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1313 directory listing into a buffer.
1317 *** The new INSIDE_EMACS environment variable is set to "t" in subshells
1318 running inside Emacs. This supersedes the EMACS environment variable,
1319 which will be removed in a future Emacs release. Programs that need
1320 to know whether they are started inside Emacs should check INSIDE_EMACS
1323 *** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1324 option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1325 except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1326 controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1327 overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1329 The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1330 support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1332 `comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1333 read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1334 lines, including any prompts.
1336 `comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1337 read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1338 part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1339 and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1340 not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1341 `kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1342 to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1344 *** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1345 modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1346 like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1347 otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1349 *** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1350 `comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1351 but declared obsolete.
1353 ** M-x Compile changes:
1355 *** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1357 Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1358 recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1359 red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1360 (controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1362 Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1363 This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1364 This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1366 The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1367 you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1368 leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1369 `compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1370 that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1372 The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1374 *** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1375 This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1376 compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1377 subprocesses inherit.
1379 *** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1380 If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1382 *** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1383 specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1384 in new face `next-error'.
1386 *** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1387 compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1388 modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1389 buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1390 matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1393 *** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1394 the compilation buffer.
1396 *** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1397 context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1398 it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1399 no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1402 ** Occur mode changes:
1404 *** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1405 search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1406 `multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1407 buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1408 Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1411 *** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1412 the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1414 *** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1415 C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1420 *** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1422 There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1423 customization group.
1425 *** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1426 people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1428 *** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1429 more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1430 separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1431 and the base directory for the search. Case sensitivity of the
1432 search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1434 These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1435 `grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1437 The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1439 Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1440 typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1441 are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1443 *** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1445 Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1446 can be saved and automatically revisited.
1448 *** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1449 buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1450 --color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1451 match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1452 buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1453 source line is highlighted.
1455 *** New key bindings in grep output window:
1456 SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1457 previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1458 the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1459 other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1460 previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1463 *** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1464 by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1465 detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1466 When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1467 unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1468 command lines to be used than was possible before.
1470 *** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1471 the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1473 ** Cursor display changes:
1475 *** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
1476 The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
1477 default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
1480 *** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
1481 of the recognized cursor types.
1483 *** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
1484 of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
1487 *** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
1488 uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
1490 *** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
1492 *** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
1493 now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
1495 ** X Windows Support:
1497 *** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1498 opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1499 buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1501 *** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1502 The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1503 and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1504 use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1506 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1507 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1509 *** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1510 speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1512 If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1513 XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1515 *** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1516 requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1517 Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1518 and use the more appropriately result.
1520 *** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1521 On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1522 amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1526 *** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1527 on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1529 *** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1530 When Emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available.
1531 The following should work:
1532 {C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1533 These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8 (and later versions),
1534 they might not work on some older versions of xterm, or on some
1535 proprietary versions.
1536 The various keys generated by xterm when the "modifyOtherKeys"
1537 resource is set are also supported.
1539 ** Character terminal color support changes:
1541 *** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1542 mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1543 terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1544 database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1545 set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1546 terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1547 when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1548 in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1549 user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1551 *** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1552 than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1553 256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1554 the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1555 all of these colors.
1557 *** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1558 faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1559 256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
1560 88-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1563 *** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1567 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-extra-width' which specify extra width for arrow
1569 The extra width is used to avoid that the arrowhead and the terminal border
1570 overlap. It depends on `ebnf-arrow-shape' and `ebnf-line-width'.
1572 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-scale' which specify the arrow scale.
1573 Values lower than 1.0, shrink the arrow.
1574 Values greater than 1.0, expand the arrow.
1576 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1
1578 ** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1580 The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1581 cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1582 With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1583 keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1584 region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1585 cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1587 The cua-selection-mode enables the CUA keybindings for the region but
1588 does not change the bindings for C-z/C-x/C-c/C-v. It can be used as a
1589 replacement for pc-selection-mode.
1591 In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1592 rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1593 using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1594 or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1596 Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1597 fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1598 downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1599 rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1600 as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1601 M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1602 rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1604 Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1605 prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1606 C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1608 The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1609 register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1611 Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1612 When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1613 automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1614 commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1616 The features of cua also works with the standard Emacs bindings for
1617 kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1618 want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1619 `cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1621 Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1622 versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1623 must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1624 loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1626 ** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
1628 This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
1629 files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
1630 Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
1631 for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
1632 the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
1633 `inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
1634 connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
1635 (which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
1636 `rsync' to do the copying).
1638 Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
1639 `su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
1641 If you want to disable Tramp you should set
1643 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
1645 Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
1648 ** The image-dired.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in
1649 other ways manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as
1650 the main interface. Image-Dired provides functionality to generate
1651 simple image galleries.
1653 ** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1654 between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1656 ** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs.
1658 ** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
1660 ** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1662 Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1663 Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1664 can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1665 Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1666 manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1669 ** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1671 Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1672 doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1673 It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1676 The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1677 activating the minor mode, Orgtbl mode.
1679 The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1680 type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1681 available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1683 ** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1685 ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1687 To see what modules are available, type
1688 M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1690 To start an IRC session with ERC, type M-x erc, and follow the prompts
1691 for server, port, and nick.
1693 ** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1695 Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1696 simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1697 takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1698 several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1699 (one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1702 To start an IRC session using the default parameters, type M-x irc.
1703 If you type C-u M-x irc, it prompts you for the server, nick, port and
1704 startup channel parameters before connecting.
1706 ** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1707 customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1709 ** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1711 Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1712 sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1713 corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1716 ** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
1717 buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
1719 ** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1721 The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1722 package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1723 to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1724 a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1726 ** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1727 filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1728 that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1729 Emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1730 invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1731 be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1733 ** Emacs' keyboard macro facilities have been enhanced by the new
1736 Keyboard macros are now defined and executed via the F3 and F4 keys:
1737 F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1738 the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1739 which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1741 There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1744 The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1745 defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1746 C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1747 manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1748 C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1751 The original macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e are still
1752 available, but they now interface to the keyboard macro ring too.
1754 The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1755 before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1757 In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1758 be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1759 this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1760 kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1762 Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1763 C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1764 at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
1766 ** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1767 the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1768 keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1769 +, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1770 package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1772 By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1773 `keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1774 using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1775 the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1776 possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1777 the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1779 The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1780 `Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1781 `Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1782 decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1783 `Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1784 for Emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1785 where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1786 `Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1787 are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1790 ** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1792 If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
1793 the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
1794 with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
1795 ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
1796 printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
1797 `ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
1799 ** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
1800 files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
1801 mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
1802 which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
1803 copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
1804 mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
1805 referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
1806 similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
1807 feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
1809 ** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
1810 spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
1811 letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
1812 viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
1814 ** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
1815 `text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
1816 these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
1817 table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
1818 can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
1819 as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
1821 ** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1822 various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1823 program files that include other program files.
1825 Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1826 all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1829 ** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
1830 move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
1831 It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
1832 of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
1834 There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
1836 ** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
1837 When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
1838 restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
1840 ** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1841 source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1843 ** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1844 To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1846 ** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
1847 "active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
1848 change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
1851 ** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
1852 events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
1853 for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
1855 ** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
1856 for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
1857 paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
1858 instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
1859 boundaries during scrolling.
1861 ** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
1862 shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
1864 ** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
1865 varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
1866 var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
1867 section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
1868 .config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
1871 ** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
1873 ** The new package dns-mode.el adds syntax highlighting of DNS master files.
1874 It is a modern replacement for zone-mode.el, which is now obsolete.
1876 ** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
1877 configuration files.
1879 ** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
1880 This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
1882 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1:
1886 *** Bindings for Image-Dired added.
1887 Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
1888 added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Image-Dired. As a
1889 starting point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d
1890 to display thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
1892 ** Info mode changes
1894 *** Images in Info pages are supported.
1896 Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
1897 Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
1898 version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
1900 *** `Info-index' offers completion.
1902 *** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
1903 references and following them calls `browse-url'.
1905 *** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
1907 Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
1908 message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
1909 other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
1910 around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
1911 `Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
1912 or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
1915 *** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
1916 `Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
1917 search without prompting for a new search string.
1919 *** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
1920 Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
1923 *** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
1924 moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
1925 `Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
1927 *** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
1929 *** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
1930 from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
1932 *** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
1933 the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
1934 arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
1936 *** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
1937 and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
1939 *** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
1940 with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
1942 *** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
1944 If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
1945 `Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
1947 *** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
1949 ** Emacs server changes
1951 *** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
1953 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
1954 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
1955 % emacsclient -s foo file1
1956 % emacsclient -s bar file2
1958 *** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
1959 `--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
1960 expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
1962 *** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
1966 *** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last
1967 `locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate
1968 database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If
1969 you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option
1970 `locate-update-when-revert' to t.
1974 *** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
1976 *** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
1978 Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
1980 *** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
1983 *** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
1984 immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
1987 *** New command line option --no-desktop
1990 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
1991 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
1992 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
1994 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
1995 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
1997 *** New customizable variables:
1998 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
2000 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
2001 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
2002 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
2003 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
2004 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
2006 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
2007 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
2008 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
2009 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
2012 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
2013 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
2017 The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
2018 enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
2021 The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
2022 keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
2023 the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
2025 The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
2026 and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
2027 keep in the recent list.
2029 With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
2030 specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
2031 example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
2032 same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
2033 links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
2035 To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
2036 replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
2037 old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
2039 ** Auto-Revert changes
2041 *** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
2043 If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
2044 mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
2045 displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at the end
2046 of the buffer in that window. This allows you to "tail" a file: just
2047 put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This rule
2048 applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can be mode
2051 If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
2052 then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
2053 mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
2056 *** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
2057 other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
2058 revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
2059 and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
2060 mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
2061 `revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
2062 decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
2063 that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
2064 work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
2066 *** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
2067 Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
2068 control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
2069 which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
2070 only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
2072 ** Changes in Shell Mode
2074 *** Shell output normally scrolls so that the input line is at the
2075 bottom of the window -- thus showing the maximum possible text. (This
2076 is similar to the way sequential output to a terminal works.)
2078 ** Changes in Hi Lock
2080 *** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
2081 `global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
2082 hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
2083 warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
2084 if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
2085 using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
2086 buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
2087 behavior in older versions of Emacs).
2089 ** Changes in Allout
2091 *** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
2092 decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
2093 clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
2094 and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
2095 symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
2096 pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
2097 powerful ways. Encryption behavior customization is collected in the
2098 allout-encryption customization group.
2100 *** Default command prefix was changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to
2101 avoid intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
2102 `allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
2104 *** Some previously rough topic-header format edge cases are reconciled.
2105 Level 1 topics use the mode's comment format, and lines starting with the
2106 asterisk - for instance, the comment close of some languages (eg, c's "*/"
2107 or mathematica's "*)") - at the beginning of line are no longer are
2108 interpreted as level 1 topics in those modes.
2110 *** Many or most commonly occurring "accidental" topics are disqualified.
2111 Text in item bodies that looks like a low-depth topic is no longer mistaken
2112 for one unless its first offspring (or that of its next sibling with
2113 offspring) is only one level deeper.
2115 For example, pasting some text with a bunch of leading asterisks into a
2116 topic that's followed by a level 3 or deeper topic will not cause the
2117 pasted text to be mistaken for outline structure.
2119 The same constraint is applied to any level 2 or 3 topics.
2121 This settles an old issue where typed or pasted text needed to be carefully
2122 reviewed, and sometimes doctored, to avoid accidentally disrupting the
2123 outline structure. Now that should be generally unnecessary, as the most
2124 prone-to-occur accidents are disqualified.
2126 *** Allout now refuses to create "containment discontinuities", where a
2127 topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its container. On the
2128 other hand, allout now operates gracefully with existing containment
2129 discontinuities, revealing excessively contained topics rather than either
2130 leaving them hidden or raising an error.
2132 *** Navigation within an item is easier. Repeated beginning-of-line and
2133 end-of-line key commands (usually, ^A and ^E) cycle through the
2134 beginning/end-of-line and then beginning/end of topic, etc. See new
2135 customization vars `allout-beginning-of-line-cycles' and
2136 `allout-end-of-line-cycles'.
2138 *** New or revised allout-mode activity hooks enable creation of
2139 cooperative enhancements to allout mode without changes to the mode,
2142 See `allout-exposure-change-hook', `allout-structure-added-hook',
2143 `allout-structure-deleted-hook', and `allout-structure-shifted-hook'.
2145 `allout-exposure-change-hook' replaces the existing
2146 `allout-view-change-hook', which is being deprecated. Both are still
2147 invoked, but `allout-view-change-hook' will eventually be ignored.
2148 `allout-exposure-change-hook' is called with explicit arguments detailing
2149 the specifics of each change (as are the other new hooks), making it easier
2150 to use than the old version.
2152 There is a new mode deactivation hook, `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for
2153 coordinating with deactivation of allout-mode. Both that and the mode
2154 activation hook, `allout-mode-hook' are now run after the `allout-mode'
2155 variable is changed, rather than before.
2157 *** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property for concealed text,
2158 instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in particular
2159 avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display, discretionary
2160 handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
2162 *** There are many other fixes and refinements, including:
2164 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text, without
2165 inhibiting undo; we now reveal undo changes within concealed text.
2166 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it
2167 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom
2168 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout
2169 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis.
2170 - allout now tolerates fielded text in outlines without disruption.
2171 - hot-spot navigation now is modularized with a new function,
2172 `allout-hotspot-key-handler', enabling easier use and enhancement of
2173 the functionality in allout addons.
2174 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
2175 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
2176 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
2177 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly
2178 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing
2179 overlays, etc. see `allout-add-resumptions' and
2180 `allout-do-resumptions', which replace the old `allout-resumptions'.
2181 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can
2182 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing
2183 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'.
2184 - many, many other, more minor tweaks, fixes, and refinements.
2185 - version number incremented to 2.2
2187 ** Hideshow mode changes
2189 *** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
2190 used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
2191 handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
2192 temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
2194 *** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
2195 not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
2196 block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
2200 *** New ffap commands and keybindings:
2202 C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
2203 C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
2204 C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
2205 C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
2207 *** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
2209 C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
2210 argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
2212 ** Changes in Skeleton
2214 *** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
2216 `@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
2217 sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
2218 `skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
2219 updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
2220 with other details of skeleton construction.
2222 *** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
2223 `skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
2224 `skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
2225 `skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
2228 ** HTML/SGML changes
2230 *** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2233 *** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2234 The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2235 When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2236 i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2237 By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2238 from the file name or buffer contents.
2240 *** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2241 `sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2244 *** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2248 *** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2250 *** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2252 *** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2253 by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2254 command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2255 TeX commands to use at startup.
2257 *** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2258 and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2260 ** RefTeX mode changes
2262 *** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2264 The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2265 section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2266 support for multifile documents.
2268 The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2269 section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2270 Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2271 `reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2272 buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2273 frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2274 highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2277 The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2278 See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2280 Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2283 The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2286 *** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2288 Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2289 called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2290 `reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2292 The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2293 with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2294 "E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2295 citation selection buffer.
2297 The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2298 cursor as a default search string.
2300 The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2301 now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2303 The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2304 can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2306 Support for jurabib has been added.
2308 *** Global index matched may be verified with a user function.
2310 During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2311 See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2313 *** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2315 Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2316 considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2317 from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2318 `reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2319 this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2320 quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2322 *** Miscellaneous changes
2324 The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2325 configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2327 RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2331 *** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2332 point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2334 *** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2335 an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2338 *** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2340 *** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2341 `crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2342 for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2343 scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2344 automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2345 `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2347 *** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2348 point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2350 *** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2351 individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2353 *** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2354 types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2356 *** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2357 locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2358 Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2360 *** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2361 of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2363 *** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2364 in multiple BibTeX files.
2366 *** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2367 automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2369 *** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2370 of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2372 *** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2373 use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2375 *** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2376 bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2377 extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2379 *** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2380 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2381 `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2382 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2383 still available as aliases.
2387 *** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
2388 GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
2389 there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
2390 state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
2391 that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
2392 Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
2395 To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
2398 *** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
2399 and other common debugger commands.
2401 *** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2402 counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
2404 *** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
2405 toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
2408 *** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
2409 display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
2412 *** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
2414 **** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
2415 Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
2416 There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
2417 directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
2418 `gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
2420 **** The previous method of searching for source files has been
2421 preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
2422 Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
2424 **** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
2425 set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
2426 traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
2429 **** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
2432 *** Added jdb Customization Variables
2434 **** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
2436 **** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
2437 method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
2438 java sources (previous method).
2440 **** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
2441 classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
2444 *** Minor Improvements
2446 **** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
2447 instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
2448 compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
2449 `starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
2452 **** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
2454 ** Lisp mode changes
2456 *** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2458 *** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2460 *** New features in evaluation commands
2462 **** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2463 the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2465 **** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2466 in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2467 by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2468 function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2469 `eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2471 ** Changes to cmuscheme
2473 *** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
2474 evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
2476 *** If the file ~/.emacs_NAME or ~/.emacs.d/init_NAME.scm (where NAME
2477 is the name of the Scheme interpreter) exists, its contents are sent
2478 to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
2480 *** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
2481 procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
2482 (`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
2483 subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
2484 `scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
2488 *** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
2490 *** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
2491 a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
2492 This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
2493 effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
2494 anything for those nodes.
2496 For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
2499 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
2500 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
2503 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
2504 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
2508 *** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2509 The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2510 and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2513 **** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2514 The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2515 mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2516 users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2517 disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2520 **** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2521 letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2522 also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2524 *** Support for the AWK language.
2525 Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2526 based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2527 any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2530 **** Indentation Engine
2531 The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2533 AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2534 which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2535 placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2536 are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2537 definition, or structured statement.
2539 The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2540 mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2541 be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2544 There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2545 three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2546 idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2547 the AWK language itself.
2549 **** Comment and Movement Commands
2550 These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2551 been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2552 "defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2553 extended definition.
2555 **** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2556 A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2557 style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2558 c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2560 *** Font lock support.
2561 CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2562 supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2563 package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2564 locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2565 AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2566 different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2568 The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2569 dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2570 strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2571 declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2572 lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2573 the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2574 demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2575 therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2576 variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2578 Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2579 fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2580 the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2581 with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2584 **** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2585 are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2586 be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2587 locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2588 properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2589 not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2591 **** Support for documentation comments.
2592 There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2593 Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2594 language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2595 buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2597 Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2598 Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2599 last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2600 complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2601 of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2603 **** Better handling of C++ templates.
2604 As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2605 now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2606 given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2609 This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2610 work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2611 template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2612 recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2613 not as configurable as it ought to be.
2615 **** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2616 Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2617 The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2618 All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2619 handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2621 *** Changes in Key Sequences
2622 **** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2624 **** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2625 This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2627 **** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2628 c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2630 **** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2631 have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2632 C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2633 commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2634 key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2636 **** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2638 **** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2640 *** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2643 *** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2644 The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2645 now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2646 module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2647 composition-close, and incomposition.
2649 *** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2650 The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2651 provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2652 bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2653 of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2655 *** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2657 The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2658 implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2659 list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2660 includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2662 Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2663 based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2665 *** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2667 The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2668 and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2669 attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2670 cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2672 ((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2676 ((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2678 In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2681 This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2682 directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2683 `c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2684 functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2687 *** API changes for derived modes.
2689 There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2690 derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2691 incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2692 care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2693 Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2695 **** New language variable system.
2696 These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2697 languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2699 **** New initialization functions.
2700 The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2701 give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2702 `c-init-language-vars'.
2704 *** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2705 The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2706 several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2707 now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2709 This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2710 although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2711 gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2712 where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2713 it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2715 **** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2716 This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2717 its substatement. E.g:
2723 *** Better handling of multiline macros.
2725 **** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2726 The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2727 syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2728 variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2729 `cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2732 **** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2734 Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2735 of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2736 is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2737 removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2738 much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2739 empty lines within the macro better.
2741 **** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2742 This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2743 `c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2745 **** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2746 `c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2747 variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2748 backslashes can be moved.
2750 **** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2751 This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2752 affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2753 inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2755 **** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2756 Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2757 inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2758 line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2759 indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2760 backslash) in the macro.
2762 *** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2763 The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2764 the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2765 based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2766 #else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2767 cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2769 *** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2770 It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2774 **** `comment-close-slash'.
2775 With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2776 typing a slash at the start of a line.
2778 **** `c-one-liner-defun'
2779 This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2780 pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2782 *** New lineup functions
2784 **** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2785 This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2788 result = prefix + "A message "
2789 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2791 **** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2792 Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2794 **** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2795 Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2796 the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2798 **** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2799 Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2801 **** `c-lineup-argcont'
2802 Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2804 *** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2805 The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2806 syntactic indentation.
2808 *** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2809 CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2810 of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2811 places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2812 improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2813 moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2815 The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2816 opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2817 only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2818 file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2821 *** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2822 Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2823 "invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2824 happen when macros are involved.
2826 *** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2827 It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2828 whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2829 point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2830 Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2831 line is left untouched.
2833 ** Changes in Makefile mode
2835 *** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
2837 The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
2838 are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
2841 *** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
2842 to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
2847 *** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
2848 SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
2849 buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
2850 session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
2851 SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
2853 The following values are supported:
2855 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
2869 The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
2872 The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
2873 your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
2874 `sql-product' to accomplish this.
2876 ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
2878 *** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
2879 font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
2880 all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
2881 you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
2883 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
2884 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
2886 *** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
2888 Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
2889 highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
2891 *** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
2893 Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
2894 sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
2895 osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
2896 are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
2899 If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
2900 called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
2901 credentials to authenticate the user.
2903 *** Postgres support is enhanced.
2904 Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
2905 the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
2907 *** MySQL support is enhanced.
2908 Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
2910 *** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
2911 packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
2914 *** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
2915 appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
2918 *** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
2920 ** Fortran mode changes
2922 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2923 It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2926 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2927 `f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2928 `f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2929 `fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2931 *** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2932 highlighting for the old default.
2934 *** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2935 Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2936 Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2938 *** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2939 the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2941 ** Miscellaneous programming mode changes
2943 *** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2944 preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2946 *** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2948 *** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2949 to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2950 bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2951 C-c C-i b, and so on.
2953 *** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2954 to support use of font-lock.
2958 *** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
2960 *** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
2961 are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
2963 These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
2964 are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
2965 specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
2967 *** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
2968 (toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
2970 We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
2971 were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
2972 behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
2975 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
2977 The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
2979 *** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
2981 In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
2982 enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
2983 to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
2985 P: annotates the previous revision
2986 N: annotates the next revision
2987 J: annotates the revision at line
2988 A: annotates the revision previous to line
2989 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
2990 L: shows the log of the revision at line
2991 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
2995 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
2996 between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
2999 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
3000 anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
3001 `checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
3006 *** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
3008 *** Diff mode key bindings changed.
3010 These are the new bindings:
3012 C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
3013 C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
3014 C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
3015 C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
3016 C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
3018 To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
3019 In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
3020 in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
3024 *** When comparing directories.
3025 Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
3026 directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
3027 from one directory to another.
3029 *** When comparing files or buffers.
3030 Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
3031 currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
3032 then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
3035 *** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
3036 backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
3037 `ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
3041 *** New regular expressions features
3043 **** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
3045 The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
3046 only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
3047 --regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
3048 where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
3049 more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
3050 (single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
3051 expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
3052 (which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
3053 span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
3054 and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
3056 **** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
3058 The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
3059 respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
3062 **** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
3064 The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
3065 only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
3066 particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
3068 **** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
3070 The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
3071 per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
3073 *** New language parsing features
3075 **** New language HTML.
3077 Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
3078 when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
3080 **** New language PHP.
3082 Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
3083 specified to etags, variables are tags also.
3085 **** New language Lua.
3087 All functions are tagged.
3089 **** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
3091 Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
3093 **** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
3095 **** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef
3097 **** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
3099 If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
3100 size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
3102 **** In Perl, packages are tags.
3104 Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
3105 as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
3108 **** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
3110 **** New default keywords for TeX.
3112 The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
3115 *** Honor #line directives.
3117 When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
3118 directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
3119 specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
3120 created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
3121 writes tags pointing to the source file.
3123 *** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
3125 This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
3126 be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
3127 reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
3130 *** The --members option is now the default.
3132 Use --no-members if you want the old default behaviour of not tagging
3133 struct members in C, members variables in C++ and variables in PHP.
3137 *** Ctags now allows duplicate tags
3141 *** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
3143 This version of `movemail' allows you to read mail from a wide range of
3144 mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
3145 without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
3146 and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
3147 used instead of the native one.
3149 *** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
3150 by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
3151 Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
3153 *** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
3157 *** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
3159 Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
3162 *** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
3164 See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
3168 Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.3. There have been major changes since
3169 version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
3171 ** Miscellaneous mail changes
3173 *** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
3174 `default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
3175 auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
3177 *** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
3179 See the documentation of the user option `display-time-mail-directory'.
3183 *** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
3184 convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
3186 *** The new package cal-html.el writes HTML files with calendar and
3189 *** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3190 and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3191 from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3192 `diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3195 *** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3196 use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3197 `appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3198 `appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3200 *** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3201 This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3202 and `diary-header-line-format'.
3204 *** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
3205 Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
3206 `diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
3207 which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
3208 how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
3209 single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3210 day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3211 face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3212 appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3214 *** The meanings of C-x < and C-x > have been interchanged.
3215 < means to scroll backward in time, and > means to scroll forward.
3217 *** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
3218 the calendar left or right.
3220 *** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3221 year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3222 count backward from the end of the year.
3224 *** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3225 prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3226 day of that ISO week.
3228 *** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3229 optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3230 rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3231 `christian-holidays' simpler.
3233 *** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3234 window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3238 *** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3239 the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3241 *** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3242 contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3244 *** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3246 *** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3247 `speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3248 respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3251 *** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3252 means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3254 *** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3255 how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3256 means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3257 to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3260 *** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3261 to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3262 value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3263 speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3264 that number to `other-frame'.
3266 *** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3269 *** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3270 `dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3271 should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3272 `speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3273 `dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3274 `dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3275 `speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3276 `speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3277 obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3279 ** battery.el changes
3281 *** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3283 *** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3287 *** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3289 `mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3290 default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3291 automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3293 ** Obsolete and deleted packages
3295 *** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3297 *** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3299 *** zone-mode.el is now obsolete. Use dns-mode.el instead.
3301 *** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3305 *** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' is renamed
3306 to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
3307 variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
3308 automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
3309 at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
3311 *** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
3312 filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
3313 functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
3315 Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
3316 `fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
3317 `fill-nobreak-predicate'.
3319 *** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
3320 with special modes such as Tar mode.
3322 *** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
3324 *** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
3326 When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
3327 include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
3328 Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
3329 to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
3330 and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
3333 *** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
3334 bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
3335 incompatible change.
3337 *** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3338 and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3339 you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3340 annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3342 *** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3344 Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3345 `ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3346 fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3348 *** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3349 This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3350 the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3351 using strokes as an input method.
3353 *** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
3354 of the file that precede the first header line.
3356 *** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3357 to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3358 changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3360 *** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
3361 renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
3364 *** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
3365 by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
3368 *** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3370 *** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3372 M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3373 argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3374 the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3376 *** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3377 `file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3379 *** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
3381 When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
3382 starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
3384 *** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
3385 resync points in both windows.
3387 *** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
3388 when Emacs visits them.
3390 *** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
3392 *** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3394 To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3395 separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3396 byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3397 variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3399 *** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3401 *** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
3402 run most curses applications now.
3404 *** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3406 Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3407 use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3411 * Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems
3413 ** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3415 If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3416 environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3417 using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3418 the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3419 localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3420 of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3421 where USERNAME is your user name.
3423 This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3424 shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3425 read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3427 ** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3429 PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3430 depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3431 to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3432 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3433 zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3434 against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3436 ** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3438 WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3439 as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3440 Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3441 sound support for those formats.
3443 ** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3445 See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3447 ** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3449 The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3450 whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3451 pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3453 ** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3455 You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3456 existing values. For example:
3458 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3460 will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3461 irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3463 ** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3465 The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3466 the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3467 colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3468 default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3469 some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3470 `list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3471 you wish to use them in other faces.
3473 ** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3475 Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3476 through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3477 a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3478 w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3479 windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3480 setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3481 that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3482 defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3483 other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3484 w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3486 ** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3488 The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3490 ** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3492 This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track the
3493 cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3494 When such a program is in use, the system caret is made visible
3495 instead of Emacs drawing its own cursor. This seems to be required by
3496 some programs. The new variable w32-use-visible-system-caret allows
3497 the caret visibility to be manually toggled.
3499 ** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3501 Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3502 multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3503 MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3504 the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3507 ** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3509 ** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3510 `kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3511 `kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3513 ** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3514 `mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3516 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3518 ** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3519 :propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3520 `risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3522 The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3524 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3526 Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3527 argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3528 deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3530 ** The `read-file-name' function now returns a null string if the
3531 user just types RET.
3533 ** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3534 been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3536 ** A hex or octal escape in a string constant forces the string to
3537 be multibyte or unibyte, respectively.
3539 ** The explicit method of creating a display table element by
3540 combining a face number and a character code into a numeric
3541 glyph code is deprecated.
3543 Instead, the new functions `make-glyph-code', `glyph-char', and
3544 `glyph-face' must be used to create and decode glyph codes in
3547 ** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3548 the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3549 `substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3552 ** The third argument of `accept-process-output' is now milliseconds.
3553 It used to be microseconds.
3555 ** The function find-operation-coding-system may be called with a cons
3556 (FILENAME . BUFFER) in the second argument if the first argument
3557 OPERATION is `insert-file-contents', and thus a function registered in
3558 `file-coding-system-alist' is also called with such an argument.
3560 ** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates
3561 input events: sigusr1 or sigusr2. Use special-event-map to
3562 handle these events.
3564 ** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3565 there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3567 ** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3570 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3572 ** General Lisp changes:
3574 *** New syntax: \s now stands for the SPACE character.
3576 `?\s' is a new way to write the space character. You must make sure
3577 it is not followed by a dash, since `?\s-...' indicates the "super"
3578 modifier. However, it would be strange to write a character constant
3579 and a following symbol (beginning with `-') with no space between
3582 `\s' stands for space in strings, too, but it is not really meant for
3583 strings; it is easier and nicer just to write a space.
3585 *** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex.
3587 For instance, you can use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of
3588 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA, or `"U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting
3589 of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA (the latter is greater than
3590 #xFFFF and thus needs the longer syntax).
3592 This syntax works for both character constants and strings.
3594 *** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
3596 It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
3597 dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
3598 (calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
3600 *** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3602 *** The new function `memql' is like `memq', but uses `eql' for comparison,
3603 that is, floats are compared by value and other elements with `eq'.
3605 *** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
3607 `string-or-null-p' returns non-nil if OBJECT is a string or nil.
3608 `booleanp' returns non-nil if OBJECT is t or nil.
3610 *** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3612 *** Minor change in the function `format'.
3614 Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
3617 *** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3619 If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3620 list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3621 Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3623 *** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3624 associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3626 *** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
3628 Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
3631 If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
3632 the new element from the history list it updates.
3634 *** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3636 It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3638 *** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3640 It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3641 occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3644 *** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
3646 (rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
3647 CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
3649 *** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
3651 They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
3654 *** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
3656 They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
3657 the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
3659 *** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
3661 For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
3662 default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
3663 separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
3666 *** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
3668 They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
3670 *** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3671 The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3672 negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3674 *** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
3676 When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
3677 angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
3678 equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
3680 *** New macro `with-case-table'
3682 This executes the body with the case table temporarily set to a given
3685 *** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
3687 A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
3688 `with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
3689 the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
3691 This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
3692 inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
3694 *** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
3696 This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
3698 *** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
3699 evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
3700 it evaluates those expressions immediately.
3702 This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
3704 *** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
3706 It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
3707 One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
3708 if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
3710 *** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
3712 You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
3713 formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
3714 specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
3715 names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
3717 *** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
3719 When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
3720 numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
3721 relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
3723 When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
3724 also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
3726 *** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
3728 If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
3730 *** New hook `command-error-function'.
3732 By setting this variable to a function, you can control
3733 how the editor command loop shows the user an error message.
3735 *** `debug-on-entry' accepts primitive functions that are not special forms.
3737 ** Lisp code indentation features:
3739 *** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
3741 These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
3742 and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
3744 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
3746 DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
3747 possible declaration specifiers are:
3750 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
3753 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
3754 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
3755 but this is cleaner.)
3757 *** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
3759 See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
3761 *** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
3763 The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
3764 `lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
3765 be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
3768 ** Variable aliases:
3770 *** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
3772 This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
3773 symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
3774 returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
3775 changes the value of BASE-VAR.
3777 DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
3778 the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
3780 *** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
3781 `make-obsolete-variable'.
3783 *** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
3785 This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
3786 of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
3787 defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
3789 It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
3790 variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
3792 ** defcustom changes:
3794 *** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
3795 `customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
3796 Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
3797 variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
3799 *** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
3803 *** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
3805 *** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
3807 *** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
3808 multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
3810 *** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
3811 the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
3812 SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
3813 nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
3814 empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
3816 *** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
3817 `assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
3818 been declared obsolete.
3820 *** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
3823 ** Displaying warnings to the user.
3825 See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
3826 If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
3827 facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
3828 warnings in a separate window.
3830 ** Progress reporters.
3832 These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
3833 progress messages for the user.
3835 See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
3836 `progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
3837 `progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
3839 ** Buffer positions:
3841 *** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
3842 width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
3843 the usable window height and width is used.
3845 *** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
3846 modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
3847 taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
3848 large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
3849 `auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
3851 *** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
3855 *** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
3859 *** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
3861 This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
3862 give up and return LIMIT.
3864 *** New function `window-line-height' is an efficient way to get
3865 information about a specific text line in a window provided that the
3866 window's display is up-to-date.
3868 *** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
3870 It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
3872 *** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
3873 and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
3876 *** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
3877 click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
3878 position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
3880 *** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
3882 This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
3885 ** Text modification:
3887 *** The new function `buffer-chars-modified-tick' returns a buffer's
3888 tick counter for changes to characters. Each time text in that buffer
3889 is inserted or deleted, the character-change counter is updated to the
3890 tick counter (`buffer-modified-tick'). Text property changes leave it
3893 *** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
3894 removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
3895 and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
3897 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
3898 `insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
3899 in `insert-buffer-substring'.
3901 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
3902 `insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
3905 *** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
3906 substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
3907 the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
3908 `delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
3909 data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
3911 The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
3912 `buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
3913 `buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
3916 *** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
3919 *** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
3920 is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
3921 be inserted is translated through it.
3925 The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
3926 that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
3929 *** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
3933 *** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
3934 `adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
3935 `adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
3937 ** Atomic change groups.
3939 To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
3940 they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
3941 around the code that makes changes. For instance:
3943 (atomic-change-group
3945 (delete-region x y))
3947 If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
3948 `atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
3949 were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
3950 on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
3952 If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
3953 lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
3955 To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
3956 Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
3957 This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
3958 the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
3960 Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
3961 group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
3964 After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
3965 either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
3966 `accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
3967 call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
3969 You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
3970 finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
3971 `unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
3972 (This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
3973 `activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
3974 group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
3977 To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
3978 for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
3979 returned values, like this:
3981 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
3982 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
3984 You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
3985 to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
3986 `accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
3988 Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
3989 would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
3990 will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
3991 change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
3994 ** Buffer-related changes:
3996 *** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
3997 binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
3998 have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
3999 value of VARIABLE instead.
4001 *** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
4003 If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
4005 *** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
4007 *** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
4008 various status records in parallel.
4010 It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
4011 then its value should be a vector installed previously by
4012 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
4013 order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
4014 time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
4015 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
4018 On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
4019 value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
4020 vector into the variable and returns t.
4022 If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
4023 for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
4026 *** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
4027 the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
4028 prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
4029 in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
4031 ** Searching and matching changes:
4033 *** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
4034 the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
4035 back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
4037 *** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
4038 for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
4039 regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
4040 expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
4042 Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
4043 `*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
4045 *** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
4047 These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
4048 non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
4049 specified by the syntax table.
4051 *** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
4052 character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
4053 characters and ranges.
4055 *** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
4056 properties from surrounding text.
4058 *** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
4059 element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
4060 accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
4062 *** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
4063 argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
4064 passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
4066 *** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-start' and `symbol-end' elements.
4068 *** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
4069 variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
4070 that end a sentence without following spaces.
4072 The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
4073 variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
4074 this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
4075 `sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
4076 `sentence-end-without-space'.
4080 *** `buffer-undo-list' allows programmable elements.
4082 These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
4083 a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
4084 that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
4086 These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
4087 which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
4088 range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
4090 *** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
4091 `undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
4092 it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
4094 ** Killing and yanking changes:
4096 *** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
4097 previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
4099 The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
4100 elements with the following format:
4101 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
4103 The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
4104 the first character on its string argument (typically the first
4105 element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
4106 the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
4108 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
4109 to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
4110 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
4111 passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
4112 `yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
4114 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
4115 `yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
4116 responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
4117 if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
4118 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
4119 by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4120 called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4121 FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4123 *** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4124 optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4127 *** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4128 `yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4129 `yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4130 `insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4131 element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4133 *** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4134 `yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4135 string. The old behavior is available if you call
4136 `insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4138 ** Syntax table changes:
4140 *** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4141 current syntactic context at point.
4143 *** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4144 of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4145 of text properties as well as the character code.
4147 *** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4150 *** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4152 ** File operation changes:
4154 *** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4155 searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4157 *** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4158 `locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4159 lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4160 try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4161 of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4162 of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4163 further filter candidate files.
4165 One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4166 `exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4167 executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4169 *** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4170 non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4171 its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4172 The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4174 *** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4175 before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4176 tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4177 sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4179 *** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4180 specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4181 many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4182 `file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4184 *** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4185 ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4186 `.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4188 *** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4189 `save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4192 *** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4193 formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4195 *** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4196 a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4198 *** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4200 Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4201 `find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4202 that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4203 handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4204 of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4206 *** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4208 You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4209 symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4210 the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4213 This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4214 autoloaded when not really necessary.
4216 *** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4217 name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4219 *** The function `file-name-completion' accepts an optional argument
4220 PREDICATE, and rejects completion candidates that don't satisfy PREDICATE.
4222 *** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4223 modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4228 *** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4229 display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4230 using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4232 *** The functions `read-event', `read-char', and `read-char-exclusive'
4233 have a new optional argument SECONDS. If non-nil, this specifies a
4234 maximum time to wait for input, in seconds. If no input arrives after
4235 this time elapses, the functions stop waiting and return nil.
4237 *** An interactive specification can now use the code letter `U' to get
4238 the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4239 previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4241 *** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4242 much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4243 it returns just the directory name.
4245 *** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4246 arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4247 quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4248 finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4249 BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4251 *** `recent-keys' now returns the last 300 keys.
4253 ** Minibuffer changes:
4255 *** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4256 buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4257 defaults to the current buffer.
4259 *** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4260 was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4262 *** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4263 specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4264 new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4265 while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4266 variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4268 *** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4269 to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4271 *** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4272 whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4273 `read-file-name' function.
4275 *** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4277 It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4278 for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4280 *** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4281 elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4282 add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4283 afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4285 ** Completion changes:
4287 *** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4288 of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4291 *** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4292 of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4293 and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4294 exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4295 strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4297 *** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4298 as a dynamic completion table.
4300 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4302 FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4303 and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4304 completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4305 can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4306 minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4307 entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4309 *** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4310 as a lazy completion table.
4312 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4314 If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4315 as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4316 arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4317 If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4318 from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4319 `lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4323 *** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4325 If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4326 that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4327 abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4330 *** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4332 It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4334 ** Enhancements to keymaps.
4336 *** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4338 You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4339 same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4342 (kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4344 Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1.
4346 *** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4348 This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4349 to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4350 binding and lookup functionality.
4352 When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4353 remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4357 Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4358 `my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4359 bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4360 `kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4363 Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4364 command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4365 `my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4367 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4368 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4370 When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4371 when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4373 Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4374 means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4375 runs `my-kill-line'.
4377 The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4379 - Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4380 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4381 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4382 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4384 - The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4385 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4387 - `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4388 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4390 - `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4391 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4392 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4393 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4394 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4395 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4397 - The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4398 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4399 command was not remapped.
4401 *** The definition of a key-binding passed to define-key can use XEmacs-style
4402 key-sequences, such as [(control a)].
4404 *** New keymaps for typing file names
4406 Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4407 `minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4408 Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4409 the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4410 names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4413 *** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4416 *** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4417 defined keys and their definitions.
4419 *** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4421 *** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4422 over minor mode keymaps.
4424 *** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4425 text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4426 works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4428 *** `key-binding' will now look up mouse-specific bindings. The
4429 keymaps consulted by `key-binding' will get adapted if the key
4430 sequence is started with a mouse event. Instead of letting the click
4431 position be determined from the key sequence itself, it is also
4432 possible to specify it with an optional argument explicitly.
4434 *** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4436 *** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4439 *** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4441 Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4442 keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4443 keymap alist to this list.
4445 *** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4447 Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4448 bindings of the parent keymap.
4450 ** Enhancements to process support
4452 *** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4454 On some systems, when Emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4455 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4456 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4457 by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4458 non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4459 from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4460 Emacs tries to read it.
4462 *** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4463 maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4465 Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4466 and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4467 `process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4468 entire property list of a process.
4470 *** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4471 it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4473 *** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4475 These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4476 function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4479 *** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4481 This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4483 *** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4484 obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4485 `default-directory'.
4487 *** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4488 name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4490 *** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4491 JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4492 is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4493 integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4494 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4497 *** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4498 if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4500 That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4501 `default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4502 you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4504 *** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4505 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4507 *** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4508 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4510 *** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4511 buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4512 to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4513 Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4514 which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
4516 ** Enhanced networking support.
4518 *** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
4519 It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
4520 create a stream or datagram server inside Emacs.
4522 - A server is started using :server t arg.
4523 - Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
4524 - A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
4525 - Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
4526 - IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
4527 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
4528 - Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
4529 - The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
4530 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
4531 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
4533 To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
4534 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
4535 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
4537 *** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
4539 *** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
4541 Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
4542 process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
4543 the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
4545 An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
4546 4 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
4548 *** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
4550 These functions stop and restart communication through a network
4551 connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
4552 stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
4555 *** New function `format-network-address'.
4557 This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
4558 to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
4559 number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
4560 printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
4561 string for other formatting options.
4563 *** New function `network-interface-list'.
4565 This function returns a list of network interface names and their
4566 current network addresses.
4568 *** New function `network-interface-info'.
4570 This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
4571 status, and other information about a specific network interface.
4573 *** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
4575 These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
4576 and set the current address of the remote partner.
4578 *** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
4580 The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
4581 process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
4582 connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
4583 "connection broken by remote peer".
4585 ** Using window objects:
4587 *** You can now make a window as short as one line.
4589 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
4590 line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
4591 `header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
4592 cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
4593 variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
4595 *** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
4596 actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
4597 divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
4600 *** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
4601 return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
4603 *** New function `window-body-height'.
4605 This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
4608 *** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
4609 or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
4611 *** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
4612 selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
4613 It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
4615 *** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
4617 This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
4619 *** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
4620 of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
4621 by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
4624 *** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
4626 If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
4627 and scroll-bar settings.
4629 *** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
4631 *** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
4632 argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
4635 ** Customizable fringe bitmaps
4637 *** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
4638 that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
4639 bitmap of the display line.
4641 Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
4642 symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
4643 `define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
4644 for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
4645 When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
4647 *** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
4648 `fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
4649 and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
4650 This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
4651 physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
4652 be used in different windows showing different buffers.
4654 *** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
4655 fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
4657 *** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
4658 or restores a built-in one to its default value.
4660 *** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
4661 used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
4662 with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
4663 foreground color of the bitmap.
4665 *** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
4666 bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
4668 ** Other window fringe features:
4670 *** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
4672 The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
4673 can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
4674 frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
4675 Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
4677 The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
4678 specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
4679 integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
4680 between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
4681 specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
4682 only the left fringe gets the specified width).
4684 Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
4685 width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
4686 of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
4687 fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
4689 *** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
4691 **** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
4694 To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
4695 variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
4696 `set-window-fringes'.
4698 To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
4699 are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
4700 or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
4701 `fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
4703 The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
4704 settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
4705 `fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
4706 displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
4707 an update of the display margins.
4709 **** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
4710 controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
4712 To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
4713 variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
4714 `set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
4715 used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
4716 `scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
4717 the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
4718 of the display margins.
4720 ** Redisplay features:
4722 *** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
4724 *** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return.
4726 *** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is
4727 available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces
4728 an immediate redisplay even if input is pending.
4730 *** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
4731 one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
4732 contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
4733 changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
4734 forcing an explicit window update.
4736 *** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
4737 to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
4738 a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
4740 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
4741 does that, this value cannot be accurate.
4743 *** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
4744 variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
4746 It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
4747 markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
4749 Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
4750 and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
4751 string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
4752 systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
4753 If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
4754 'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
4756 *** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
4758 A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
4759 properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
4761 If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
4762 contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
4763 newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
4764 newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
4765 slices without adding blank areas between the images.
4767 If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
4768 specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
4769 height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
4771 If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
4772 height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
4775 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
4776 minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
4777 RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
4779 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
4780 height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
4782 If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
4783 the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
4784 described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
4785 varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
4786 exactly that many pixels high.
4788 If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
4789 is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
4790 overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
4791 the `line-spacing' variable.
4793 If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
4794 is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
4796 *** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
4797 which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
4799 *** Enhancements to stretch display properties
4801 The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
4802 PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
4803 specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
4805 The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
4806 which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
4809 EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
4810 NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
4811 UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
4812 ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
4814 POS ::= left | center | right
4815 FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
4818 The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
4819 frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
4820 pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
4821 is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
4822 pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
4823 `height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
4824 font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
4827 The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
4828 `scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
4829 corresponding area of the window.
4831 The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
4832 to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
4833 of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
4834 can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
4835 relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
4836 a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
4837 these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
4838 the width of the area.
4840 For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
4841 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
4843 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
4844 to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
4845 header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
4847 The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
4848 the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
4849 width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
4850 height) of the specified image.
4852 The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
4853 The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
4855 *** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
4856 text property string that may be present at the current window
4857 position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
4858 strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
4860 *** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
4861 supported on text terminals.
4863 *** Support for displaying image slices
4865 **** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
4866 an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
4868 **** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
4869 specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
4871 **** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
4872 specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
4874 *** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
4876 An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
4877 An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
4878 A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
4879 pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
4880 A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
4881 and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
4882 A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
4883 vector describes one corner in the polygon.
4885 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
4886 PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
4887 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
4888 a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
4889 it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
4890 for possible pointer shapes.
4892 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
4893 an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
4894 mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
4896 *** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
4897 The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
4898 search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
4899 in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
4900 Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
4901 you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
4902 explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
4904 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
4906 Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
4907 moved to etc/images.
4909 *** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
4910 search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
4911 external packages to save users from having to update
4914 *** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
4915 images that Emacs will load and display.
4917 *** The new variable `display-mm-dimensions-alist' can be used to
4918 override incorrect graphical display dimensions returned by functions
4919 `display-mm-height' and `display-mm-width'.
4921 ** Mouse pointer features:
4923 *** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
4924 line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
4925 controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
4926 is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
4927 (or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
4929 *** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
4930 :pointer image property.
4932 *** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
4933 controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
4935 ** Mouse event enhancements:
4937 *** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
4938 you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
4939 a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
4941 *** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
4942 or `right-fringe' as the area.
4944 *** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
4947 *** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
4949 *** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
4950 the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
4952 *** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
4953 (image or character) clicked on.
4955 *** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
4957 *** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
4959 *** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
4962 *** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
4963 of the mouse event position.
4965 *** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
4967 These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
4968 pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
4969 the total width and height of that object.
4971 ** Text property and overlay changes:
4973 *** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
4974 remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
4976 *** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
4978 This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
4979 properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
4980 although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
4981 to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
4983 *** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
4984 arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
4985 return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
4986 whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
4987 it was found as a text property or not found at all.
4989 *** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
4991 It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
4992 property names as argument rather than a property list.
4996 *** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed.
4997 Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them
4998 needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists
4999 the faces to include in the face menu.
5001 *** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
5002 the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
5003 define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
5004 look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
5005 is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
5006 makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
5008 *** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
5009 whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
5011 A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
5012 specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
5013 defined with `defface'.
5015 *** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
5016 or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
5017 `defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
5018 the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
5019 directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
5021 *** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
5022 `default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
5023 defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
5026 *** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
5027 whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
5028 not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
5030 *** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
5032 These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
5033 face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
5036 *** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
5037 help with handling relative face attributes.
5039 *** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
5041 If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
5042 faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
5043 releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
5044 so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
5047 *** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
5048 (or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
5049 '((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
5050 point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
5051 SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
5053 *** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
5054 with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
5055 not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
5056 or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
5057 was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
5059 *** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
5060 the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
5062 ** Font-Lock changes:
5064 *** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
5066 This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
5067 M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
5068 property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
5069 new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5071 *** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
5073 **** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
5074 form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
5075 properties than `face'.
5077 **** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
5078 extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
5080 *** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
5082 If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
5083 (see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
5084 be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
5085 depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
5086 is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
5094 Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
5095 text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
5096 property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
5097 refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
5099 *** `font-lock-extend-region-functions' makes it possible to alter the way
5100 the fontification region is chosen. This can be used to prevent rounding
5101 up to whole lines, or to extend the region to include all related lines
5102 of multiline constructs so that such constructs get properly recognized.
5104 ** Major mode mechanism changes:
5106 *** New variable `magic-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5107 looking at the file contents. It takes precedence over `auto-mode-alist'.
5109 *** New variable `magic-fallback-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5110 looking at the file contents. It is handled after `auto-mode-alist',
5111 only if `auto-mode-alist' (and `magic-mode-alist') says nothing about the file.
5113 *** XML or SGML major mode is selected when file starts with an `<?xml'
5114 or `<!DOCTYPE' declaration.
5116 *** An interpreter magic line (if present) takes precedence over the
5117 file name when setting the major mode.
5119 *** If new variable `auto-mode-case-fold' is set to a non-nil value,
5120 Emacs will perform a second case-insensitive search through
5121 `auto-mode-alist' if the first case-sensitive search fails. This
5122 means that a file FILE.TXT is opened in text-mode, and a file
5123 PROG.HTML is opened in html-mode. Note however, that independent of
5124 this setting, *.C files are usually recognized as C++ files. It also
5125 has no effect on systems with case-insensitive file names.
5127 *** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5128 `after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5129 hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5131 *** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5132 locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5135 *** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5137 *** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5138 are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5139 parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5141 *** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5142 It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5144 *** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5145 property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5148 ** Minor mode changes:
5150 *** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5151 and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5153 *** `define-globalized-minor-mode'.
5155 This is a new name for what was formerly called
5156 `easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5158 *** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5160 ** Command loop changes:
5162 *** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5163 have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5164 calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5166 Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5167 INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5169 *** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5171 If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5172 called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5175 *** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5176 within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5177 covered by an image or composition property.
5179 This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5180 This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5181 unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5182 (including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5183 `post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5185 *** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5186 enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5187 During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5188 is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5189 the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5191 *** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5192 been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5193 `disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5195 *** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5196 when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5198 *** `current-idle-time' reports how long Emacs has been idle.
5200 ** Lisp file loading changes:
5202 *** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5203 which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5204 current file redefined it).
5206 *** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5207 defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5209 *** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5210 variable or face definitions.
5212 *** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5213 to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5214 and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5216 *** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5217 Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5218 than 3 levels of nesting.
5220 ** Byte compiler changes:
5222 *** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5223 position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5224 warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5225 for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5226 compilation output buffer.
5228 *** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5229 inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5231 *** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5232 simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5233 useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5234 Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5237 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5238 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5240 In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5241 won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5242 second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5243 unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5244 macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5245 `unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5247 *** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5248 helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5249 Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5250 efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5251 generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5254 *** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5256 *** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5257 now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5258 (require 'cl) when loaded.
5260 ** Frame operations:
5262 *** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5264 These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5265 horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5267 *** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5268 for all (existing and future) frames.
5270 *** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5271 for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5272 number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5273 Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5275 *** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5276 the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5278 ** Mode line changes:
5280 *** New function `format-mode-line'.
5282 This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5283 specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5285 *** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5286 used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5288 *** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5289 to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5292 *** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5294 ** Menu manipulation changes:
5296 *** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5297 proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5298 "files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5299 several versions ago.
5301 *** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5302 If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5303 as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5305 This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5306 made with easy-menu.
5308 *** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5309 if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5310 into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5311 need to have a name.
5315 *** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5317 Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5318 from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5319 buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5322 1. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5324 2. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5325 the time it takes to convert the format.
5327 3. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5330 *** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5331 to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5332 for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5333 file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5335 *** The new variable `ascii-case-table' stores the case table for the
5336 ascii character set. Language environments (such as Turkish) may
5337 alter the case correspondences of ASCII characters. This variable
5338 saves the original ASCII case table before any such changes.
5340 *** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5341 of one coding system from another coding system.
5343 *** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5344 the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5347 *** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5348 it is read from a file without decoding.
5350 *** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5351 hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5353 *** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5354 current input method to input a character.
5356 *** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5357 NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5359 ** Operating system access:
5361 *** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5362 run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5364 *** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5365 user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5366 accepts a float as UID parameter.
5368 *** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5370 *** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5371 The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5372 formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5374 *** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5375 debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5379 *** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5380 as the heap size increases.
5382 *** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
5383 on garbage collection.
5385 *** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
5387 The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
5391 *** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5393 `find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5394 `find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5395 `write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5396 `write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5397 `x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5398 `x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5399 `delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5401 In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5403 *** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5405 Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5407 *** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5410 * New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1
5412 ** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
5413 buttons' in Emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
5414 `widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
5415 doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
5416 such things as help and apropos buffers.
5418 ** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
5419 of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
5420 well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
5422 ** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
5423 binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
5426 ** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
5427 buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
5429 It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
5430 and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
5431 buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
5434 This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
5435 sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
5438 (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
5439 (function (lambda ()
5441 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5442 (add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
5443 (function (lambda ()
5444 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5446 ** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
5448 This includes measuring garbage collection time.
5450 ** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
5452 This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
5453 code. It works with edebug.
5455 The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
5456 file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
5457 overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
5458 is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
5459 will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
5461 Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
5462 evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
5463 value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
5464 complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
5465 skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
5466 value, such as (setq x 14).
5468 For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
5469 help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
5470 red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
5471 return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
5472 This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
5473 an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
5477 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
5478 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
5480 GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5481 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5482 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
5485 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
5486 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
5487 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
5488 GNU General Public License for more details.
5490 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
5491 along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
5492 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
5493 Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
5498 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"
5501 arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793