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1 | ;;; tutorial.el --- tutorial for Emacs |
2 | ||
3 | ;; Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
4 | ||
5 | ;; Maintainer: FSF | |
6 | ;; Keywords: help, internal | |
7 | ||
8 | ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
9 | ||
10 | ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
11 | ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
12 | ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) | |
13 | ;; any later version. | |
14 | ||
15 | ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
16 | ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
17 | ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
18 | ;; GNU General Public License for more details. | |
19 | ||
20 | ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
21 | ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the | |
22 | ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, | |
23 | ;; Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. | |
24 | ||
25 | ;;; Commentary: | |
26 | ||
27 | ;; Code for running the Emacs tutorial. | |
28 | ||
29 | ;;; History: | |
30 | ||
31 | ;; File was created 2006-09. | |
32 | ||
33 | ;;; Code: | |
34 | ||
35 | (require 'help-mode) ;; for function help-buffer | |
36 | (eval-when-compile (require 'cl)) | |
37 | ||
38 | ||
39 | (defun tutorial--detailed-help (button) | |
40 | "Give detailed help about changed keys." | |
41 | (with-output-to-temp-buffer (help-buffer) | |
42 | (help-setup-xref (list #'tutorial--detailed-help button) | |
43 | (interactive-p)) | |
44 | (with-current-buffer (help-buffer) | |
45 | (let* ((tutorial-buffer (button-get button 'tutorial-buffer)) | |
46 | ;;(tutorial-arg (button-get button 'tutorial-arg)) | |
47 | (explain-key-desc (button-get button 'explain-key-desc)) | |
48 | (changed-keys (with-current-buffer tutorial-buffer | |
49 | (tutorial--find-changed-keys tutorial--default-keys)))) | |
50 | (when changed-keys | |
51 | (insert | |
52 | "The following key bindings used in the tutorial had been changed | |
53 | from Emacs default in the " (buffer-name tutorial-buffer) " buffer:\n\n" ) | |
54 | (let ((frm " %-9s %-27s %-11s %s\n")) | |
55 | (insert (format frm "Key" "Standard Binding" "Is Now On" "Remark"))) | |
56 | (dolist (tk changed-keys) | |
57 | (let* ((def-fun (nth 1 tk)) | |
58 | (key (nth 0 tk)) | |
59 | (def-fun-txt (nth 2 tk)) | |
60 | (where (nth 3 tk)) | |
61 | (remark (nth 4 tk)) | |
62 | (rem-fun (command-remapping def-fun)) | |
63 | (key-txt (key-description key)) | |
64 | (key-fun (with-current-buffer tutorial-buffer (key-binding key))) | |
65 | tot-len) | |
66 | (unless (eq def-fun key-fun) | |
67 | ;; Insert key binding description: | |
68 | (when (string= key-txt explain-key-desc) | |
69 | (put-text-property 0 (length key-txt) 'face '(:background "yellow") key-txt)) | |
70 | (insert " " key-txt " ") | |
71 | (setq tot-len (length key-txt)) | |
72 | (when (> 9 tot-len) | |
73 | (insert (make-string (- 9 tot-len) ? )) | |
74 | (setq tot-len 9)) | |
75 | ;; Insert a link describing the old binding: | |
76 | (insert-button def-fun-txt | |
77 | 'value def-fun | |
78 | 'action | |
79 | (lambda(button) (interactive) | |
80 | (describe-function | |
81 | (button-get button 'value))) | |
82 | 'follow-link t) | |
83 | (setq tot-len (+ tot-len (length def-fun-txt))) | |
84 | (when (> 36 tot-len) | |
85 | (insert (make-string (- 36 tot-len) ? ))) | |
86 | (when (listp where) | |
87 | (setq where "list")) | |
88 | ;; Tell where the old binding is now: | |
89 | (insert (format " %-11s " where)) | |
90 | ;; Insert a link with more information, for example | |
91 | ;; current binding and keymap or information about | |
92 | ;; cua-mode replacements: | |
93 | (insert-button (car remark) | |
94 | 'action | |
95 | (lambda(b) (interactive) | |
96 | (let ((value (button-get b 'value))) | |
97 | (tutorial--describe-nonstandard-key value))) | |
98 | 'value (cdr remark) | |
99 | 'follow-link t) | |
100 | (insert "\n"))))) | |
101 | ||
102 | (insert " | |
103 | It is legitimate to change key bindings, but changed bindings do not | |
104 | correspond to what the tutorial says. (See also " ) | |
105 | (insert-button "Key Binding Conventions" | |
106 | 'action | |
107 | (lambda(button) (interactive) | |
108 | (info | |
109 | "(elisp) Key Binding Conventions") | |
110 | (message "Type C-x 0 to close the new window")) | |
111 | 'follow-link t) | |
112 | (insert ".)\n\n") | |
113 | (print-help-return-message))))) | |
114 | ||
115 | (defun tutorial--describe-nonstandard-key (value) | |
116 | "Give more information about a changed key binding. | |
117 | This is used in `help-with-tutorial'. The information includes | |
118 | the key sequence that no longer has a default binding, the | |
119 | default binding and the current binding. It also tells in what | |
120 | keymap the new binding has been done and how to access the | |
121 | function in the default binding from the keyboard. | |
122 | ||
123 | For `cua-mode' key bindings that try to combine CUA key bindings | |
124 | with default Emacs bindings information about this is shown. | |
125 | ||
126 | VALUE should have either of these formats: | |
127 | ||
128 | \(cua-mode) | |
129 | \(current-binding KEY-FUN DEF-FUN KEY WHERE) | |
130 | ||
131 | Where | |
132 | KEY is a key sequence whose standard binding has been changed | |
133 | KEY-FUN is the actual binding for KEY | |
134 | DEF-FUN is the standard binding of KEY | |
135 | WHERE is a text describing the key sequences to which DEF-FUN is | |
136 | bound now (or, if it is remapped, a key sequence | |
137 | for the function it is remapped to)" | |
138 | (with-output-to-temp-buffer (help-buffer) | |
139 | (help-setup-xref (list #'tutorial--describe-nonstandard-key value) | |
140 | (interactive-p)) | |
141 | (with-current-buffer (help-buffer) | |
142 | (insert | |
143 | "Your Emacs customizations override the default binding for this key:" | |
144 | "\n\n") | |
145 | (let ((inhibit-read-only t)) | |
146 | (cond | |
147 | ((eq (car value) 'cua-mode) | |
148 | (insert | |
149 | "CUA mode is enabled. | |
150 | ||
151 | When CUA mode is enabled, you can use C-z, C-x, C-c, and C-v to | |
152 | undo, cut, copy, and paste in addition to the normal Emacs | |
153 | bindings. The C-x and C-c keys only do cut and copy when the | |
154 | region is active, so in most cases, they do not conflict with the | |
155 | normal function of these prefix keys. | |
156 | ||
157 | If you really need to perform a command which starts with one of | |
158 | the prefix keys even when the region is active, you have three | |
159 | options: | |
160 | - press the prefix key twice very quickly (within 0.2 seconds), | |
161 | - press the prefix key and the following key within 0.2 seconds, or | |
162 | - use the SHIFT key with the prefix key, i.e. C-S-x or C-S-c.")) | |
163 | ((eq (car value) 'current-binding) | |
164 | (let ((cb (nth 1 value)) | |
165 | (db (nth 2 value)) | |
166 | (key (nth 3 value)) | |
167 | (where (nth 4 value)) | |
168 | map | |
169 | (maps (current-active-maps)) | |
170 | mapsym) | |
171 | ;; Look at the currently active keymaps and try to find | |
172 | ;; first the keymap where the current binding occurs: | |
173 | (while maps | |
174 | (let* ((m (car maps)) | |
175 | (mb (lookup-key m key t))) | |
176 | (setq maps (cdr maps)) | |
177 | (when (eq mb cb) | |
178 | (setq map m) | |
179 | (setq maps nil)))) | |
180 | ;; Now, if a keymap was found we must found the symbol | |
181 | ;; name for it to display to the user. This can not | |
182 | ;; always be found since all keymaps does not have a | |
183 | ;; symbol pointing to them, but here they should have | |
184 | ;; that: | |
185 | (when map | |
186 | (mapatoms (lambda (s) | |
187 | (and | |
188 | ;; If not already found | |
189 | (not mapsym) | |
190 | ;; and if s is a keymap | |
191 | (and (boundp s) | |
192 | (keymapp (symbol-value s))) | |
193 | ;; and not the local symbol map | |
194 | (not (eq s 'map)) | |
195 | ;; and the value of s is map | |
196 | (eq map (symbol-value s)) | |
197 | ;; then save this value in mapsym | |
198 | (setq mapsym s))))) | |
199 | (insert "The default Emacs binding for the key " | |
200 | (key-description key) | |
201 | " is the command `") | |
202 | (insert (format "%s" db)) | |
203 | (insert "'. " | |
204 | "However, your customizations have rebound it to the command `") | |
205 | (insert (format "%s" cb)) | |
206 | (insert "'.") | |
207 | (when mapsym | |
208 | (insert " (For the more advanced user:" | |
209 | " This binding is in the keymap `" | |
210 | (format "%s" mapsym) | |
211 | "'.)")) | |
212 | (if (string= where "") | |
213 | (unless (keymapp db) | |
214 | (insert "\n\nYou can use M-x " | |
215 | (format "%s" db) | |
216 | " RET instead.")) | |
217 | (insert "\n\nWith you current key bindings" | |
218 | " you can use the key " | |
219 | where | |
220 | " to get the function `" | |
221 | (format "%s" db) | |
222 | "'.")) | |
223 | ) | |
224 | (fill-region (point-min) (point))))) | |
225 | (print-help-return-message)))) | |
226 | ||
227 | (defun tutorial--sort-keys (left right) | |
228 | "Sort predicate for use with `tutorial--default-keys'. | |
229 | This is a predicate function to `sort'. | |
230 | ||
231 | The sorting is for presentation purpose only and is done on the | |
232 | key sequence. | |
233 | ||
234 | LEFT and RIGHT are the elements to compare." | |
235 | (let ((x (append (cadr left) nil)) | |
236 | (y (append (cadr right) nil))) | |
237 | ;; Skip the front part of the key sequences if they are equal: | |
238 | (while (and x y | |
239 | (listp x) (listp y) | |
240 | (equal (car x) (car y))) | |
241 | (setq x (cdr x)) | |
242 | (setq y (cdr y))) | |
243 | ;; Try to make a comparision that is useful for presentation (this | |
244 | ;; could be made nicer perhaps): | |
245 | (let ((cx (car x)) | |
246 | (cy (car y))) | |
247 | ;;(message "x=%s, y=%s;;;; cx=%s, cy=%s" x y cx cy) | |
248 | (cond | |
249 | ;; Lists? Then call this again | |
250 | ((and cx cy | |
251 | (listp cx) | |
252 | (listp cy)) | |
253 | (tutorial--sort-keys cx cy)) | |
254 | ;; Are both numbers? Then just compare them | |
255 | ((and (wholenump cx) | |
256 | (wholenump cy)) | |
257 | (> cx cy)) | |
258 | ;; Is one of them a number? Let that be bigger then. | |
259 | ((wholenump cx) | |
260 | t) | |
261 | ((wholenump cy) | |
262 | nil) | |
263 | ;; Are both symbols? Compare the names then. | |
264 | ((and (symbolp cx) | |
265 | (symbolp cy)) | |
266 | (string< (symbol-name cy) | |
267 | (symbol-name cx))) | |
268 | )))) | |
269 | ||
270 | (defconst tutorial--default-keys | |
271 | (let* ( | |
272 | ;; On window system suspend Emacs is replaced in the | |
273 | ;; default keymap so honor this here. | |
274 | (suspend-emacs (if window-system | |
275 | 'iconify-or-deiconify-frame | |
276 | 'suspend-emacs)) | |
277 | (default-keys | |
278 | `( | |
279 | ;; These are not mentioned but are basic: | |
280 | (ESC-prefix [27]) | |
281 | (Control-X-prefix [?\C-x]) | |
282 | (mode-specific-command-prefix [?\C-c]) | |
283 | ||
284 | (save-buffers-kill-emacs [?\C-x ?\C-c]) | |
285 | ||
286 | ||
287 | ;; * SUMMARY | |
288 | (scroll-up [?\C-v]) | |
289 | (scroll-down [?\M-v]) | |
290 | (recenter [?\C-l]) | |
291 | ||
292 | ||
293 | ;; * BASIC CURSOR CONTROL | |
294 | (forward-char [?\C-f]) | |
295 | (backward-char [?\C-b]) | |
296 | ||
297 | (forward-word [?\M-f]) | |
298 | (backward-word [?\M-b]) | |
299 | ||
300 | (next-line [?\C-n]) | |
301 | (previous-line [?\C-p]) | |
302 | ||
303 | (move-beginning-of-line [?\C-a]) | |
304 | (move-end-of-line [?\C-e]) | |
305 | ||
306 | (backward-sentence [?\M-a]) | |
307 | (forward-sentence [?\M-e]) | |
308 | ||
309 | ||
310 | (beginning-of-buffer [?\M-<]) | |
311 | (end-of-buffer [?\M->]) | |
312 | ||
313 | (universal-argument [?\C-u]) | |
314 | ||
315 | ||
316 | ;; * WHEN EMACS IS HUNG | |
317 | (keyboard-quit [?\C-g]) | |
318 | ||
319 | ||
320 | ;; * DISABLED COMMANDS | |
321 | (downcase-region [?\C-x ?\C-l]) | |
322 | ||
323 | ||
324 | ;; * WINDOWS | |
325 | (delete-other-windows [?\C-x ?1]) | |
326 | ;; C-u 0 C-l | |
327 | ;; Type CONTROL-h k CONTROL-f. | |
328 | ||
329 | ||
330 | ;; * INSERTING AND DELETING | |
331 | ;; C-u 8 * to insert ********. | |
332 | ||
333 | (delete-backward-char [backspace]) | |
334 | (delete-char [?\C-d]) | |
335 | ||
336 | (backward-kill-word [(meta backspace)]) | |
337 | (kill-word [?\M-d]) | |
338 | ||
339 | (kill-line [?\C-k]) | |
340 | (kill-sentence [?\M-k]) | |
341 | ||
342 | (set-mark-command [?\C-@]) | |
343 | (set-mark-command [?\C- ]) | |
344 | (kill-region [?\C-w]) | |
345 | (yank [?\C-y]) | |
346 | (yank-pop [?\M-y]) | |
347 | ||
348 | ||
349 | ;; * UNDO | |
350 | (advertised-undo [?\C-x ?u]) | |
351 | (advertised-undo [?\C-x ?u]) | |
352 | ||
353 | ||
354 | ;; * FILES | |
355 | (find-file [?\C-x ?\C-f]) | |
356 | (save-buffer [?\C-x ?\C-s]) | |
357 | ||
358 | ||
359 | ;; * BUFFERS | |
360 | (list-buffers [?\C-x ?\C-b]) | |
361 | (switch-to-buffer [?\C-x ?b]) | |
362 | (save-some-buffers [?\C-x ?s]) | |
363 | ||
364 | ||
365 | ;; * EXTENDING THE COMMAND SET | |
366 | ;; C-x Character eXtend. Followed by one character. | |
367 | (execute-extended-command [?\M-x]) | |
368 | ||
369 | ;; C-x C-f Find file | |
370 | ;; C-x C-s Save file | |
371 | ;; C-x s Save some buffers | |
372 | ;; C-x C-b List buffers | |
373 | ;; C-x b Switch buffer | |
374 | ;; C-x C-c Quit Emacs | |
375 | ;; C-x 1 Delete all but one window | |
376 | ;; C-x u Undo | |
377 | ||
378 | ||
379 | ;; * MODE LINE | |
380 | (describe-mode [?\C-h ?m]) | |
381 | ||
382 | (set-fill-column [?\C-x ?f]) | |
383 | (fill-paragraph [?\M-q]) | |
384 | ||
385 | ||
386 | ;; * SEARCHING | |
387 | (isearch-forward [?\C-s]) | |
388 | (isearch-backward [?\C-r]) | |
389 | ||
390 | ||
391 | ;; * MULTIPLE WINDOWS | |
392 | (split-window-vertically [?\C-x ?2]) | |
393 | (scroll-other-window [?\C-\M-v]) | |
394 | (other-window [?\C-x ?o]) | |
395 | (find-file-other-window [?\C-x ?4 ?\C-f]) | |
396 | ||
397 | ||
398 | ;; * RECURSIVE EDITING LEVELS | |
399 | (keyboard-escape-quit [27 27 27]) | |
400 | ||
401 | ||
402 | ;; * GETTING MORE HELP | |
403 | ;; The most basic HELP feature is C-h c | |
404 | (describe-key-briefly [?\C-h ?c]) | |
405 | (describe-key [?\C-h ?k]) | |
406 | ||
407 | ||
408 | ;; * MORE FEATURES | |
409 | ;; F10 | |
410 | ||
411 | ||
412 | ;; * CONCLUSION | |
413 | ;;(iconify-or-deiconify-frame [?\C-z]) | |
414 | (,suspend-emacs [?\C-z]) | |
415 | ))) | |
416 | (sort default-keys 'tutorial--sort-keys)) | |
417 | "Default Emacs key bindings that the tutorial depends on.") | |
418 | ||
419 | (defun tutorial--find-changed-keys (default-keys) | |
420 | "Find the key bindings that have changed. | |
421 | Check if the default Emacs key bindings that the tutorial depends | |
422 | on have been changed. | |
423 | ||
424 | Return a list with the keys that have been changed. The element | |
425 | of this list have the following format: | |
426 | ||
427 | \(list KEY DEF-FUN DEF-FUN-TXT WHERE REMARK) | |
428 | ||
429 | Where | |
430 | KEY is a key sequence whose standard binding has been changed | |
431 | DEF-FUN is the standard binding of KEY | |
432 | DEF-FUN-TXT is a short descriptive text for DEF-FUN | |
433 | WHERE is a text describing the key sequences to which DEF-FUN is | |
434 | bound now (or, if it is remapped, a key sequence | |
435 | for the function it is remapped to) | |
436 | REMARK is a list with info about rebinding. It has either of these | |
437 | formats: | |
438 | ||
439 | \(TEXT cua-mode) | |
440 | \(TEXT current-binding KEY-FUN DEF-FUN KEY WHERE) | |
441 | ||
442 | Here TEXT is a link text to show to the user. The | |
443 | rest of the list is used to show information when | |
444 | the user clicks the link. | |
445 | ||
446 | KEY-FUN is the actual binding for KEY." | |
447 | (let (changed-keys) | |
448 | ;; (default-keys tutorial--default-keys)) | |
449 | (dolist (kdf default-keys) | |
450 | ;; The variables below corresponds to those with the same names | |
451 | ;; described in the doc string. | |
452 | (let* ((key (nth 1 kdf)) | |
453 | (def-fun (nth 0 kdf)) | |
454 | (def-fun-txt (format "%s" def-fun)) | |
455 | (rem-fun (command-remapping def-fun)) | |
456 | (key-fun (key-binding key)) | |
457 | (where (where-is-internal (if rem-fun rem-fun def-fun)))) | |
458 | (when (eq key-fun 'ESC-prefix) | |
459 | (message "ESC-prefix!!!!")) | |
460 | (if where | |
461 | (progn | |
462 | (setq where (key-description (car where))) | |
463 | (when (and (< 10 (length where)) | |
464 | (string= (substring where 0 (length "<menu-bar>")) | |
465 | "<menu-bar>")) | |
466 | (setq where "The menus"))) | |
467 | (setq where "")) | |
468 | (setq remark nil) | |
469 | (unless | |
470 | (cond ((eq key-fun def-fun) | |
471 | ;; No rebinding, return t | |
472 | t) | |
473 | ((eq key-fun (command-remapping def-fun)) | |
474 | ;; Just a remapping, return t | |
475 | t) | |
476 | ;; cua-mode specials: | |
477 | ((and cua-mode | |
478 | (or (and | |
479 | (equal key [?\C-v]) | |
480 | (eq key-fun 'cua-paste)) | |
481 | (and | |
482 | (equal key [?\C-z]) | |
483 | (eq key-fun 'undo)))) | |
484 | (setq remark (list "cua-mode, more info" 'cua-mode)) | |
485 | nil) | |
486 | ((and cua-mode | |
487 | (or | |
488 | (and (eq def-fun 'ESC-prefix) | |
489 | (equal key-fun | |
490 | `(keymap | |
491 | (118 . cua-repeat-replace-region)))) | |
492 | (and (eq def-fun 'mode-specific-command-prefix) | |
493 | (equal key-fun | |
494 | '(keymap | |
495 | (timeout . copy-region-as-kill)))) | |
496 | (and (eq def-fun 'Control-X-prefix) | |
497 | (equal key-fun | |
498 | '(keymap (timeout . kill-region)))))) | |
499 | (setq remark (list "cua-mode replacement" 'cua-mode)) | |
500 | (cond | |
501 | ((eq def-fun 'mode-specific-command-prefix) | |
502 | (setq def-fun-txt "\"C-c prefix\"")) | |
503 | ((eq def-fun 'Control-X-prefix) | |
504 | (setq def-fun-txt "\"C-x prefix\"")) | |
505 | ((eq def-fun 'ESC-prefix) | |
506 | (setq def-fun-txt "\"ESC prefix\""))) | |
507 | (setq where "Same key") | |
508 | nil) | |
509 | ;; viper-mode specials: | |
510 | ((and (boundp 'viper-mode-string) | |
511 | (eq viper-current-state 'vi-state) | |
512 | (or (and (eq def-fun 'isearch-forward) | |
513 | (eq key-fun 'viper-isearch-forward)) | |
514 | (and (eq def-fun 'isearch-backward) | |
515 | (eq key-fun 'viper-isearch-backward)))) | |
516 | ;; These bindings works as the default bindings, | |
517 | ;; return t | |
518 | t) | |
519 | ((when normal-erase-is-backspace | |
520 | (or (and (equal key [C-delete]) | |
521 | (equal key-fun 'kill-word)) | |
522 | (and (equal key [C-backspace]) | |
523 | (equal key-fun 'backward-kill-word)))) | |
524 | ;; This is the strange handling of C-delete and | |
525 | ;; C-backspace, return t | |
526 | t) | |
527 | (t | |
528 | ;; This key has indeed been rebound. Put information | |
529 | ;; in `remark' and return nil | |
530 | (setq remark | |
531 | (list "more info" 'current-binding | |
532 | key-fun def-fun key where)) | |
533 | nil)) | |
534 | (add-to-list 'changed-keys | |
535 | (list key def-fun def-fun-txt where remark))))) | |
536 | changed-keys)) | |
537 | ||
538 | (defvar tutorial--tab-map | |
539 | (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap))) | |
540 | (define-key map [tab] 'forward-button) | |
541 | (define-key map [(shift tab)] 'backward-button) | |
542 | (define-key map [(meta tab)] 'backward-button) | |
543 | map) | |
544 | "Keymap that allows tabbing between buttons.") | |
545 | ||
546 | (defun tutorial--display-changes (changed-keys) | |
547 | "Display changes to some default key bindings. | |
548 | If some of the default key bindings that the tutorial depends on | |
549 | have been changed then display the changes in the tutorial buffer | |
550 | with some explanatory links. | |
551 | ||
552 | CHANGED-KEYS should be a list in the format returned by | |
553 | `tutorial--find-changed-keys'." | |
554 | (when (or changed-keys | |
555 | (boundp 'viper-mode-string)) | |
556 | ;; Need the custom button face for viper buttons: | |
557 | (when (boundp 'viper-mode-string) | |
558 | (require 'cus-edit)) | |
559 | (let ((start (point)) | |
560 | end | |
561 | (head (get-lang-string tutorial--lang 'tut-chgdhead)) | |
562 | (head2 (get-lang-string tutorial--lang 'tut-chgdhead2))) | |
563 | (when (and head head2) | |
564 | (goto-char tutorial--point-before-chkeys) | |
565 | (insert head) | |
566 | (insert-button head2 | |
567 | 'tutorial-buffer | |
568 | (current-buffer) | |
569 | ;;'tutorial-arg arg | |
570 | 'action | |
571 | 'tutorial--detailed-help | |
572 | 'follow-link t | |
573 | 'face '(:inherit link :background "yellow")) | |
574 | (insert "]\n\n" ) | |
575 | (when changed-keys | |
576 | (dolist (tk changed-keys) | |
577 | (let* ((def-fun (nth 1 tk)) | |
578 | (key (nth 0 tk)) | |
579 | (def-fun-txt (nth 2 tk)) | |
580 | (where (nth 3 tk)) | |
581 | (remark (nth 4 tk)) | |
582 | (rem-fun (command-remapping def-fun)) | |
583 | (key-txt (key-description key)) | |
584 | (key-fun (key-binding key)) | |
585 | tot-len) | |
586 | (unless (eq def-fun key-fun) | |
587 | ;; Mark the key in the tutorial text | |
588 | (unless (string= "Same key" where) | |
589 | (let ((here (point)) | |
590 | (key-desc (key-description key))) | |
591 | (while (search-forward key-desc nil t) | |
592 | (put-text-property (match-beginning 0) | |
593 | (match-end 0) | |
594 | 'tutorial-remark 'only-colored) | |
595 | (put-text-property (match-beginning 0) | |
596 | (match-end 0) | |
597 | 'face '(:background "yellow")) | |
598 | (forward-line) | |
599 | (let ((s (get-lang-string tutorial--lang 'tut-chgdkey)) | |
600 | (s2 (get-lang-string tutorial--lang 'tut-chgdkey2)) | |
601 | (start (point)) | |
602 | end) | |
603 | ;;(concat "** The key " key-desc " has been rebound, but you can use " where " instead [")) | |
604 | (when (and s s2) | |
605 | (setq s (format s key-desc where s2)) | |
606 | (insert s) | |
607 | (insert-button s2 | |
608 | 'tutorial-buffer | |
609 | (current-buffer) | |
610 | ;;'tutorial-arg arg | |
611 | 'action | |
612 | 'tutorial--detailed-help | |
613 | 'explain-key-desc key-desc | |
614 | 'follow-link t | |
615 | 'face '(:inherit link :background "yellow")) | |
616 | (insert "] **") | |
617 | (insert "\n") | |
618 | (setq end (point)) | |
619 | (put-text-property start end 'local-map tutorial--tab-map) | |
620 | ;; Add a property so we can remove the remark: | |
621 | (put-text-property start end 'tutorial-remark t) | |
622 | (put-text-property start end | |
623 | 'face '(:background "yellow" :foreground "#c00")) | |
624 | (put-text-property start end 'read-only t)))) | |
625 | (goto-char here))))))) | |
626 | ||
627 | ||
628 | (setq end (point)) | |
629 | ;; Make the area with information about change key | |
630 | ;; bindings stand out: | |
631 | (put-text-property start end 'tutorial-remark t) | |
632 | (put-text-property start end | |
633 | 'face | |
634 | ;; The default warning face does not | |
635 | ;;look good in this situation. Instead | |
636 | ;;try something that could be | |
637 | ;;recognized from warnings in normal | |
638 | ;;life: | |
639 | ;; 'font-lock-warning-face | |
640 | (list :background "yellow" :foreground "#c00")) | |
641 | ;; Make it possible to use Tab/S-Tab between fields in | |
642 | ;; this area: | |
643 | (put-text-property start end 'local-map tutorial--tab-map) | |
644 | (setq tutorial--point-after-chkeys (point-marker)) | |
645 | ;; Make this area read-only: | |
646 | (put-text-property start end 'read-only t))))) | |
647 | ||
648 | (defvar tutorial--point-before-chkeys 0 | |
649 | "Point before display of key changes.") | |
650 | (make-variable-buffer-local 'tutorial--point-before-chkeys) | |
651 | (defvar tutorial--point-after-chkeys 0 | |
652 | "Point after display of key changes.") | |
653 | (make-variable-buffer-local 'tutorial--point-after-chkeys) | |
654 | ||
655 | (defvar tutorial--lang nil | |
656 | "Tutorial language.") | |
657 | (make-variable-buffer-local 'tutorial--lang) | |
658 | ||
659 | (defun tutorial--saved-dir () | |
660 | "Directory where to save tutorials." | |
661 | (expand-file-name ".emacstut" "~/")) | |
662 | ||
663 | (defun tutorial--saved-file () | |
664 | "File name in which to save tutorials." | |
665 | (let ((file-name tutorial--lang) | |
666 | (ext (file-name-extension tutorial--lang))) | |
667 | (when (or (not ext) | |
668 | (string= ext "")) | |
669 | (setq file-name (concat file-name ".tut"))) | |
670 | (expand-file-name file-name (tutorial--saved-dir)))) | |
671 | ||
672 | (defun tutorial--remove-remarks() | |
673 | "Remove the remark lines that was added to the tutorial buffer." | |
674 | (save-excursion | |
675 | (goto-char (point-min)) | |
676 | (let (prop-start | |
677 | prop-end | |
678 | prop-val) | |
679 | ;; Catch the case when we already are on a remark line | |
680 | (while (if (get-text-property (point) 'tutorial-remark) | |
681 | (setq prop-start (point)) | |
682 | (setq prop-start (next-single-property-change (point) 'tutorial-remark))) | |
683 | (setq prop-end (next-single-property-change prop-start 'tutorial-remark)) | |
684 | (setq prop-val (get-text-property prop-start 'tutorial-remark)) | |
685 | (unless prop-end | |
686 | (setq prop-end (point-max))) | |
687 | (goto-char prop-end) | |
688 | (if (eq prop-val 'only-colored) | |
689 | (put-text-property prop-start prop-end 'face '(:background nil)) | |
690 | (let ((orig-text (get-text-property prop-start 'tutorial-orig))) | |
691 | (delete-region prop-start prop-end) | |
692 | (when orig-text (insert orig-text)))))))) | |
693 | ||
694 | (defun tutorial--save-tutorial () | |
695 | "Save the tutorial buffer. | |
696 | This saves the part of the tutorial before and after the area | |
697 | showing changed keys. It also saves the point position and the | |
698 | position where the display of changed bindings was inserted." | |
699 | ;; This runs in a hook so protect it: | |
700 | (condition-case err | |
701 | (tutorial--save-tutorial-to (tutorial--saved-file)) | |
702 | (error (message "Error saving tutorial state: %s" (error-message-string err)) | |
703 | (sit-for 4)))) | |
704 | ||
705 | (defun tutorial--save-tutorial-to (saved-file) | |
706 | "Save the tutorial buffer to SAVED-FILE. | |
707 | See `tutorial--save-tutorial' for more information." | |
708 | ;; Anything to save? | |
709 | (when (or (buffer-modified-p) | |
710 | (< 1 (point))) | |
711 | (let ((tutorial-dir (tutorial--saved-dir)) | |
712 | save-err) | |
713 | ;; The tutorial is saved in a subdirectory in the user home | |
714 | ;; directory. Create this subdirectory first. | |
715 | (unless (file-directory-p tutorial-dir) | |
716 | (condition-case err | |
717 | (make-directory tutorial-dir nil) | |
718 | (error (setq save-err t) | |
719 | (warn "Could not create directory %s: %s" tutorial-dir | |
720 | (error-message-string err))))) | |
721 | ;; Make sure we have that directory. | |
722 | (if (file-directory-p tutorial-dir) | |
723 | (let ((tut-point (if (= 0 tutorial--point-after-chkeys) | |
724 | ;; No info about changed keys is | |
725 | ;; displayed. | |
726 | (point) | |
727 | (if (< (point) tutorial--point-after-chkeys) | |
728 | (- (point)) | |
729 | (- (point) tutorial--point-after-chkeys)))) | |
730 | (old-point (point)) | |
731 | ;; Use a special undo list so that we easily can undo | |
732 | ;; the changes we make to the tutorial buffer. This is | |
733 | ;; currently not needed since we now delete the buffer | |
734 | ;; after saving, but kept for possible future use of | |
735 | ;; this function. | |
736 | buffer-undo-list | |
737 | (inhibit-read-only t)) | |
738 | ;; Delete the area displaying info about changed keys. | |
739 | ;; (when (< 0 tutorial--point-after-chkeys) | |
740 | ;; (delete-region tutorial--point-before-chkeys | |
741 | ;; tutorial--point-after-chkeys)) | |
742 | ;; Delete the remarks: | |
743 | (tutorial--remove-remarks) | |
744 | ;; Put the value of point first in the buffer so it will | |
745 | ;; be saved with the tutorial. | |
746 | (goto-char (point-min)) | |
747 | (insert (number-to-string tut-point) | |
748 | "\n" | |
749 | (number-to-string (marker-position | |
750 | tutorial--point-before-chkeys)) | |
751 | "\n") | |
752 | (condition-case err | |
753 | (write-region nil nil saved-file) | |
754 | (error (setq save-err t) | |
755 | (warn "Could not save tutorial to %s: %s" | |
756 | saved-file | |
757 | (error-message-string err)))) | |
758 | ;; An error is raised here?? Is this a bug? | |
759 | (condition-case err | |
760 | (undo-only) | |
761 | (error nil)) | |
762 | ;; Restore point | |
763 | (goto-char old-point) | |
764 | (if save-err | |
765 | (message "Could not save tutorial state.") | |
766 | (message "Saved tutorial state."))) | |
767 | (message "Can't save tutorial: %s is not a directory" | |
768 | tutorial-dir))))) | |
769 | ||
770 | ||
771 | ;;;###autoload | |
772 | (defun help-with-tutorial (&optional arg dont-ask-for-revert) | |
773 | "Select the Emacs learn-by-doing tutorial. | |
774 | If there is a tutorial version written in the language | |
775 | of the selected language environment, that version is used. | |
776 | If there's no tutorial in that language, `TUTORIAL' is selected. | |
777 | With ARG, you are asked to choose which language. | |
778 | If DONT-ASK-FOR-REVERT is non-nil the buffer is reverted without | |
779 | any question when restarting the tutorial. | |
780 | ||
781 | If any of the standard Emacs key bindings that are used in the | |
782 | tutorial have been changed then an explanatory note about this is | |
783 | shown in the beginning of the tutorial buffer. | |
784 | ||
785 | When the tutorial buffer is killed the content and the point | |
786 | position in the buffer is saved so that the tutorial may be | |
787 | resumed later." | |
788 | (interactive "P") | |
789 | (if (boundp 'viper-current-state) | |
790 | (let ((prompt | |
791 | " | |
792 | You can not run the Emacs tutorial directly because you have | |
793 | enabled Viper. There is however a Viper tutorial you can run | |
794 | instead. From this you can also run a slightly modified version | |
795 | of the Emacs tutorial. | |
796 | ||
797 | Do you want to run the Viper tutorial instead? ")) | |
798 | (if (y-or-n-p prompt) | |
799 | (progn | |
800 | (message "") | |
801 | (viper-tutorial 0)) | |
802 | (message "Tutorial aborted by user"))) | |
803 | ||
804 | (let* ((lang (if arg | |
805 | (let ((minibuffer-setup-hook minibuffer-setup-hook)) | |
806 | (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook | |
807 | 'minibuffer-completion-help) | |
808 | (read-language-name 'tutorial "Language: " "English")) | |
809 | (if (get-language-info current-language-environment 'tutorial) | |
810 | current-language-environment | |
811 | "English"))) | |
812 | (filename (get-language-info lang 'tutorial)) | |
813 | ;; Choose a buffer name including the language so that | |
814 | ;; several languages can be tested simultaneously: | |
815 | (tut-buf-name (concat "TUTORIAL (" lang ")")) | |
816 | (old-tut-buf (get-buffer tut-buf-name)) | |
817 | (old-tut-win (when old-tut-buf (get-buffer-window old-tut-buf t))) | |
818 | (old-tut-is-ok (when old-tut-buf | |
819 | (not (buffer-modified-p old-tut-buf)))) | |
820 | old-tut-file | |
821 | (old-tut-point 1)) | |
822 | (setq tutorial--point-after-chkeys (point-min)) | |
823 | ;; Try to display the tutorial buffer before asking to revert it. | |
824 | ;; If the tutorial buffer is shown in some window make sure it is | |
825 | ;; selected and displayed: | |
826 | (if old-tut-win | |
827 | (raise-frame | |
828 | (window-frame | |
829 | (select-window (get-buffer-window old-tut-buf t)))) | |
830 | ;; Else, is there an old tutorial buffer? Then display it: | |
831 | (when old-tut-buf | |
832 | (switch-to-buffer old-tut-buf))) | |
833 | ;; Use whole frame for tutorial | |
834 | (delete-other-windows) | |
835 | ;; If the tutorial buffer has been changed then ask if it should | |
836 | ;; be reverted: | |
837 | (when (and old-tut-buf | |
838 | (not old-tut-is-ok)) | |
839 | (setq old-tut-is-ok | |
840 | (if dont-ask-for-revert | |
841 | nil | |
842 | (not (y-or-n-p | |
843 | "You have changed the Tutorial buffer. Revert it? "))))) | |
844 | ;; (Re)build the tutorial buffer if it is not ok | |
845 | (unless old-tut-is-ok | |
846 | (switch-to-buffer (get-buffer-create tut-buf-name)) | |
847 | (unless old-tut-buf (text-mode)) | |
848 | (unless lang (error "Variable lang is nil")) | |
849 | (setq tutorial--lang lang) | |
850 | (setq old-tut-file (file-exists-p (tutorial--saved-file))) | |
851 | (let ((inhibit-read-only t)) | |
852 | (erase-buffer)) | |
853 | (message "Preparing tutorial ...") (sit-for 0) | |
854 | ||
855 | ;; Do not associate the tutorial buffer with a file. Instead use | |
856 | ;; a hook to save it when the buffer is killed. | |
857 | (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name nil) | |
858 | (add-hook 'kill-buffer-hook 'tutorial--save-tutorial nil t) | |
859 | ||
860 | ;; Insert the tutorial. First offer to resume last tutorial | |
861 | ;; editing session. | |
862 | (when dont-ask-for-revert | |
863 | (setq old-tut-file nil)) | |
864 | (when old-tut-file | |
865 | (setq old-tut-file | |
866 | (y-or-n-p "Resume your last saved tutorial? "))) | |
867 | (if old-tut-file | |
868 | (progn | |
869 | (insert-file-contents (tutorial--saved-file)) | |
870 | (goto-char (point-min)) | |
871 | (setq old-tut-point | |
872 | (string-to-number | |
873 | (buffer-substring-no-properties | |
874 | (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position)))) | |
875 | (forward-line) | |
876 | (setq tutorial--point-before-chkeys | |
877 | (string-to-number | |
878 | (buffer-substring-no-properties | |
879 | (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position)))) | |
880 | (forward-line) | |
881 | (delete-region (point-min) (point)) | |
882 | (goto-char tutorial--point-before-chkeys) | |
883 | (setq tutorial--point-before-chkeys (point-marker))) | |
884 | (insert-file-contents (expand-file-name filename data-directory)) | |
885 | (forward-line) | |
886 | (setq tutorial--point-before-chkeys (point-marker))) | |
887 | ||
888 | ||
889 | ;; Check if there are key bindings that may disturb the | |
890 | ;; tutorial. If so tell the user. | |
891 | (let ((changed-keys (tutorial--find-changed-keys tutorial--default-keys))) | |
892 | (when changed-keys | |
893 | (tutorial--display-changes changed-keys))) | |
894 | ||
895 | ||
896 | ;; Clear message: | |
897 | (unless dont-ask-for-revert | |
898 | (message "") (sit-for 0)) | |
899 | ||
900 | ||
901 | (if old-tut-file | |
902 | ;; Just move to old point in saved tutorial. | |
903 | (let ((old-point | |
904 | (if (> 0 old-tut-point) | |
905 | (- old-tut-point) | |
906 | (+ old-tut-point tutorial--point-after-chkeys)))) | |
907 | (when (< old-point 1) | |
908 | (setq old-point 1)) | |
909 | (goto-char old-point)) | |
910 | (goto-char (point-min)) | |
911 | (search-forward "\n<<") | |
912 | (beginning-of-line) | |
913 | ;; Convert the <<...>> line to the proper [...] line, | |
914 | ;; or just delete the <<...>> line if a [...] line follows. | |
915 | (cond ((save-excursion | |
916 | (forward-line 1) | |
917 | (looking-at "\\[")) | |
918 | (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point)))) | |
919 | ((looking-at "<<Blank lines inserted.*>>") | |
920 | (replace-match "[Middle of page left blank for didactic purposes. Text continues below]")) | |
921 | (t | |
922 | (looking-at "<<") | |
923 | (replace-match "[") | |
924 | (search-forward ">>") | |
925 | (replace-match "]"))) | |
926 | (beginning-of-line) | |
927 | (let ((n (- (window-height (selected-window)) | |
928 | (count-lines (point-min) (point)) | |
929 | 6))) | |
930 | (if (< n 8) | |
931 | (progn | |
932 | ;; For a short gap, we don't need the [...] line, | |
933 | ;; so delete it. | |
934 | (delete-region (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point))) | |
935 | (newline n)) | |
936 | ;; Some people get confused by the large gap. | |
937 | (newline (/ n 2)) | |
938 | ||
939 | ;; Skip the [...] line (don't delete it). | |
940 | (forward-line 1) | |
941 | (newline (- n (/ n 2))))) | |
942 | (goto-char (point-min))) | |
943 | (setq buffer-undo-list nil) | |
944 | (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))) | |
945 | ||
946 | ||
947 | ;; Below is some attempt to handle language specific strings. These | |
948 | ;; are currently only used in the tutorial. | |
949 | ||
950 | (defconst lang-strings | |
951 | '( | |
952 | ("English" . | |
953 | ( | |
954 | (tut-chgdkey . "** The key %s has been rebound, but you can use %s instead [") | |
955 | (tut-chgdkey2 . "More information") | |
956 | (tut-chgdhead . " | |
957 | NOTICE: The main purpose of the Emacs tutorial is to teach you | |
958 | the most important standard Emacs commands (key bindings). | |
959 | However, your Emacs has been customized by changing some of | |
960 | these basic editing commands, so it doesn't correspond to the | |
961 | tutorial. We have inserted colored notices where the altered | |
962 | commands have been introduced. [") | |
963 | (tut-chgdhead2 . "Details") | |
964 | ) | |
965 | ) | |
966 | ) | |
967 | "Language specific strings for Emacs. | |
968 | This is an association list with the keys equal to the strings | |
969 | that can be returned by `read-language-name'. The elements in | |
970 | the list are themselves association lists with keys that are | |
971 | string ids and values that are the language specific strings. | |
972 | ||
973 | See `get-lang-string' for more information.") | |
974 | ||
975 | (defun get-lang-string(lang stringid &optional no-eng-fallback) | |
976 | "Get a language specific string for Emacs. | |
977 | In certain places Emacs can replace a string showed to the user with a language specific string. | |
978 | This function retrieves such strings. | |
979 | ||
980 | LANG is the language specification. It should be one of those | |
981 | strings that can be returned by `read-language-name'. STRINGID | |
982 | is a symbol that specifies the string to retrieve. | |
983 | ||
984 | If no string is found for STRINGID in the choosen language then | |
985 | the English string is returned unless NO-ENG-FALLBACK is non-nil. | |
986 | ||
987 | See `lang-strings' for more information. | |
988 | ||
989 | Currently this feature is only used in `help-with-tutorial'." | |
990 | (let ((my-lang-strings (assoc lang lang-strings)) | |
991 | (found-string)) | |
992 | (when my-lang-strings | |
993 | (let ((entry (assoc stringid (cdr my-lang-strings)))) | |
994 | (when entry | |
995 | (setq found-string (cdr entry))))) | |
996 | ;; Fallback to English strings | |
997 | (unless (or found-string | |
998 | no-eng-fallback) | |
999 | (setq found-string (get-lang-string "English" stringid t))) | |
1000 | found-string)) | |
1001 | ||
1002 | ;;(get-lang-string "English" 'tut-chgdkey) | |
1003 | ||
1004 | (provide 'tutorial) | |
1005 | ||
1006 | ;;; tutorial.el ends here |