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6 <title>The Wisdom of the Ancients</title>
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13 <h1>The Wisdom of the Ancients</h1>
14 <div class="contents">
15<dl>
16<dt>
17<a href="#sec1">Mencius</a>
18</dt>
19<dd>
20<dl>
21<dt>
22<a href="#sec2">III.B.1</a>
23</dt>
24<dt>
25<a href="#sec3">VI.A.10</a>
26</dt>
27</dl>
28</dd>
29<dt>
30<a href="#sec4">Qohelet</a>
31</dt>
32<dt>
33<a href="#sec5">One</a>
34</dt>
35</dl>
36</div>
37
38
39<!-- Page published by Emacs Muse begins here --><h2><a name="sec1" id="sec1"></a>
40Mencius</h2>
41
42<h3><a name="sec2" id="sec2"></a>
43III.B.1</h3>
44
45<blockquote>
46<p class="quoted">
47Ch'en Tai said, &quot;When you refused even to see them, the feudal lords
48appeared insignificant to you. Now that you have seen them, they are
49either kings, or, at least, leaders of the feudal lords. Moreover,
50it is said in the <em>Records</em>, 'Bend the foot in order to straighten
51the yard.' That seems worth doing.&quot;</p>
52<p class="quoted">&quot;Once,&quot; said Mencius, &quot;Duke Ching of Ch'i went hunting and summoned
53his gamekeeper with a pennon. The gamekeeper did not come, and the
54Duke was going to have him put to death. 'A man whose mind is set on
55high ideals never forgets that he may end in a ditch; a man of valor
56never forgets that he may forfeit his head.' What did Conficius find
57praiseworthy in the gamekeeper? His refusal to answer to a form of
58summons to which he was not entitled. What can one do about those
59who go without even being summoned? Moreover, the saying, 'Bend the
60foot in order to straighten the yard' refers to profit. If it is for
61profit, I suppose one might just as well bend the yard to straighten
62the foot.</p>
63<p class="quoted">&quot;Once, Viscount Chien of Chao sent Wang Liang to drive the chariot
64for his favorite, Hsi. In the whole day they failed to catch one
65single bird. Hsi reported to his master, 'He is the worst charioteer
66in the world.' Someone told Wang Liang of this. Liang asked, 'May I
67have another chance?' It was with difficulty that Hsi was persuaded,
68but in one morning they caught ten birds. Hsi reported to his
69master, 'He is the best charioteer in the world.' 'I shall make him
70drive for you,' said Viscount Chien. He asked Wang Liang, but
71Wang Liang refused. 'I drove for him according to the proper rules,'
72said he, 'and we did not catch a single bird all day. Then I used
73underhand methods, and we caught ten birds in one morning. The <em>Book
74of Odes</em> says,</p>
75
76<p class="verse">
77He never failed to drive correctly,<br />
78And his arrows went straight for the target<br />
79</p>
80I am not used to driving for small men. May I be excused?'</p>
81<p class="quoted">&quot;Even a charioteer is ashamed to be in league with an archer. When
82doing so means catching enough birds to pile up like a mountain, he
83would still rather not do it. What can one do about those who bend
84the Way in order to please others? You are futher mistaken. There
85has never been a man who could straighten others by bending
86himself.&quot;</p>
87
88</blockquote>
89
90
91<h3><a name="sec3" id="sec3"></a>
92VI.A.10</h3>
93
94<blockquote>
95<p class="quoted">
96Mencius said, &quot;Fish is what I want; bear's palm is also what I
97want. If I cannot have both, I would rather take bear's palm than
98fish. Life is what I want; dutifulness is also what I want. If I
99cannot have both, I would rather take dutifulness than life. On the
100one hand, though life is what I want, there is something I want more
101than life. That is why I do not cling to life at all costs. On the
102other hand, though death is what I loathe, there is something I
103loathe more than death. That is why there are troubles I do not
104avoid. If there is nothing a man wants more than life, then why
105should he have scruples about any means, so long as it will serve to
106keep him alive? if there is nothing a man loathes more than death,
107then why should have have scruples about any means, so long as it
108helps him to avoid trouble? Yet there are ways of remaining alive
109and ways of avoiding death to which a man will not resort. In other
110words, there are things a man wants more than life and there are
111also things he loathes more than death. This is an attitude not
112confined to the moral man but common to all men. The moral man simply
113never loses it.</p>
114<p class="quoted">&quot;Here is a basketful of rice and a bowful of soup. Getting them will
115mean life; not getting them will mean death. When these are given
116with abuse, even a wayfarer would not accept them; when these are
117given after being trampled upon, even a beggar would not accept
118them. Yet when it comes to ten thousand bushels of grain one is
119supposed to accept without asking if it is in accordance with the
120rites or if it is right to do so. What benefit are then thousand
121bushels of grain to me? [Do I accept them] for the sake of beautiful
122houses, the enjoyment of wives and concubines, or for the sake of
123the gratitude my needy acquaintances will show? What I would not
124accept in the first instance when it was a matter of life and death
125I now accept for the sake of beautiful houses; what I would not
126accept when it was a matter of life and death I now accept for the
127enjoyment of wives and concubines; what I would not accept when it
128was a matter of life and death I now accept for the sake of the
129gratitude my needy acquaintances will show me. Is there no way of
130putting a stop to this? This way of thinking is known as losing
131one's original heart.&quot;</p>
132
133</blockquote>
134
135
136
137<h2><a name="sec4" id="sec4"></a>
138Qohelet</h2>
139
140
141<h2><a name="sec5" id="sec5"></a>
142One</h2>
143
144<p class="verse">
145&nbsp;&nbsp;1 The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem.<br />
146&nbsp;&nbsp;2 Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity.<br />
147&nbsp;&nbsp;3 What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun?<br />
148&nbsp;&nbsp;4 One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth<br />
149abideth for ever.<br />
150&nbsp;&nbsp;5 The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place<br />
151where he arose.<br />
152&nbsp;&nbsp;6 The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it<br />
153whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his<br />
154circuits.<br />
155&nbsp;&nbsp;7 All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place<br />
156from whence the rivers come, thither they return again.<br />
157&nbsp;&nbsp;8 All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not<br />
158satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing.<br />
159&nbsp;&nbsp;9 The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done<br />
160is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun.<br />
161&nbsp;&nbsp;10 Is there any thing whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it hath been<br />
162already of old time, which was before us.<br />
163&nbsp;&nbsp;11 There is no remembrance of former things; neither shall there be any<br />
164remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come after.<br />
165&nbsp;&nbsp;12 I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem.<br />
166&nbsp;&nbsp;13 And I gave my heart to seek and search out by wisdom concerning all things<br />
167that are done under heaven: this sore travail hath God given to the sons of man<br />
168to be exercised therewith.<br />
169&nbsp;&nbsp;14 I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is<br />
170vanity and vexation of spirit.<br />
171&nbsp;&nbsp;15 That which is crooked cannot be made straight: and that which is wanting<br />
172cannot be numbered.<br />
173&nbsp;&nbsp;16 I communed with mine own heart, saying, Lo, I am come to great estate, and<br />
174have gotten more wisdom than all they that have been before me in Jerusalem:<br />
175yea, my heart had great experience of wisdom and knowledge.<br />
176&nbsp;&nbsp;17 And I gave my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I<br />
177perceived that this also is vexation of spirit.<br />
178&nbsp;&nbsp;18 For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge<br />
179increaseth sorrow.<br />
180</p>
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