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6 | <title>The Wisdom of the Ancients</title> |
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13 | <h1>The Wisdom of the Ancients</h1> |
14 | <div class="contents"> |
15 | <dl> |
16 | <dt> |
17 | <a href="#sec1">Mencius</a> |
18 | </dt> |
19 | <dd> |
20 | <dl> |
21 | <dt> |
22 | <a href="#sec2">III.B.1</a> |
23 | </dt> |
24 | <dt> |
25 | <a href="#sec3">VI.A.10</a> |
26 | </dt> |
27 | </dl> |
28 | </dd> |
29 | <dt> |
30 | <a href="#sec4">Qohelet</a> |
31 | </dt> |
32 | <dt> |
33 | <a href="#sec5">One</a> |
34 | </dt> |
35 | </dl> |
36 | </div> |
37 | |
38 | |
39 | <!-- Page published by Emacs Muse begins here --><h2><a name="sec1" id="sec1"></a> |
40 | Mencius</h2> |
41 | |
42 | <h3><a name="sec2" id="sec2"></a> |
43 | III.B.1</h3> |
44 | |
45 | <blockquote> |
46 | <p class="quoted"> |
47 | Ch'en Tai said, "When you refused even to see them, the feudal lords |
48 | appeared insignificant to you. Now that you have seen them, they are |
49 | either kings, or, at least, leaders of the feudal lords. Moreover, |
50 | it is said in the <em>Records</em>, 'Bend the foot in order to straighten |
51 | the yard.' That seems worth doing."</p> |
52 | <p class="quoted">"Once," said Mencius, "Duke Ching of Ch'i went hunting and summoned |
53 | his gamekeeper with a pennon. The gamekeeper did not come, and the |
54 | Duke was going to have him put to death. 'A man whose mind is set on |
55 | high ideals never forgets that he may end in a ditch; a man of valor |
56 | never forgets that he may forfeit his head.' What did Conficius find |
57 | praiseworthy in the gamekeeper? His refusal to answer to a form of |
58 | summons to which he was not entitled. What can one do about those |
59 | who go without even being summoned? Moreover, the saying, 'Bend the |
60 | foot in order to straighten the yard' refers to profit. If it is for |
61 | profit, I suppose one might just as well bend the yard to straighten |
62 | the foot.</p> |
63 | <p class="quoted">"Once, Viscount Chien of Chao sent Wang Liang to drive the chariot |
64 | for his favorite, Hsi. In the whole day they failed to catch one |
65 | single bird. Hsi reported to his master, 'He is the worst charioteer |
66 | in the world.' Someone told Wang Liang of this. Liang asked, 'May I |
67 | have another chance?' It was with difficulty that Hsi was persuaded, |
68 | but in one morning they caught ten birds. Hsi reported to his |
69 | master, 'He is the best charioteer in the world.' 'I shall make him |
70 | drive for you,' said Viscount Chien. He asked Wang Liang, but |
71 | Wang Liang refused. 'I drove for him according to the proper rules,' |
72 | said he, 'and we did not catch a single bird all day. Then I used |
73 | underhand methods, and we caught ten birds in one morning. The <em>Book |
74 | of Odes</em> says,</p> |
75 | |
76 | <p class="verse"> |
77 | He never failed to drive correctly,<br /> |
78 | And his arrows went straight for the target<br /> |
79 | </p> |
80 | I am not used to driving for small men. May I be excused?'</p> |
81 | <p class="quoted">"Even a charioteer is ashamed to be in league with an archer. When |
82 | doing so means catching enough birds to pile up like a mountain, he |
83 | would still rather not do it. What can one do about those who bend |
84 | the Way in order to please others? You are futher mistaken. There |
85 | has never been a man who could straighten others by bending |
86 | himself."</p> |
87 | |
88 | </blockquote> |
89 | |
90 | |
91 | <h3><a name="sec3" id="sec3"></a> |
92 | VI.A.10</h3> |
93 | |
94 | <blockquote> |
95 | <p class="quoted"> |
96 | Mencius said, "Fish is what I want; bear's palm is also what I |
97 | want. If I cannot have both, I would rather take bear's palm than |
98 | fish. Life is what I want; dutifulness is also what I want. If I |
99 | cannot have both, I would rather take dutifulness than life. On the |
100 | one hand, though life is what I want, there is something I want more |
101 | than life. That is why I do not cling to life at all costs. On the |
102 | other hand, though death is what I loathe, there is something I |
103 | loathe more than death. That is why there are troubles I do not |
104 | avoid. If there is nothing a man wants more than life, then why |
105 | should he have scruples about any means, so long as it will serve to |
106 | keep him alive? if there is nothing a man loathes more than death, |
107 | then why should have have scruples about any means, so long as it |
108 | helps him to avoid trouble? Yet there are ways of remaining alive |
109 | and ways of avoiding death to which a man will not resort. In other |
110 | words, there are things a man wants more than life and there are |
111 | also things he loathes more than death. This is an attitude not |
112 | confined to the moral man but common to all men. The moral man simply |
113 | never loses it.</p> |
114 | <p class="quoted">"Here is a basketful of rice and a bowful of soup. Getting them will |
115 | mean life; not getting them will mean death. When these are given |
116 | with abuse, even a wayfarer would not accept them; when these are |
117 | given after being trampled upon, even a beggar would not accept |
118 | them. Yet when it comes to ten thousand bushels of grain one is |
119 | supposed to accept without asking if it is in accordance with the |
120 | rites or if it is right to do so. What benefit are then thousand |
121 | bushels of grain to me? [Do I accept them] for the sake of beautiful |
122 | houses, the enjoyment of wives and concubines, or for the sake of |
123 | the gratitude my needy acquaintances will show? What I would not |
124 | accept in the first instance when it was a matter of life and death |
125 | I now accept for the sake of beautiful houses; what I would not |
126 | accept when it was a matter of life and death I now accept for the |
127 | enjoyment of wives and concubines; what I would not accept when it |
128 | was a matter of life and death I now accept for the sake of the |
129 | gratitude my needy acquaintances will show me. Is there no way of |
130 | putting a stop to this? This way of thinking is known as losing |
131 | one's original heart."</p> |
132 | |
133 | </blockquote> |
134 | |
135 | |
136 | |
137 | <h2><a name="sec4" id="sec4"></a> |
138 | Qohelet</h2> |
139 | |
140 | |
141 | <h2><a name="sec5" id="sec5"></a> |
142 | One</h2> |
143 | |
144 | <p class="verse"> |
145 | 1 The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem.<br /> |
146 | 2 Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity.<br /> |
147 | 3 What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun?<br /> |
148 | 4 One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth<br /> |
149 | abideth for ever.<br /> |
150 | 5 The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place<br /> |
151 | where he arose.<br /> |
152 | 6 The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it<br /> |
153 | whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his<br /> |
154 | circuits.<br /> |
155 | 7 All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place<br /> |
156 | from whence the rivers come, thither they return again.<br /> |
157 | 8 All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not<br /> |
158 | satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing.<br /> |
159 | 9 The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done<br /> |
160 | is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun.<br /> |
161 | 10 Is there any thing whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it hath been<br /> |
162 | already of old time, which was before us.<br /> |
163 | 11 There is no remembrance of former things; neither shall there be any<br /> |
164 | remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come after.<br /> |
165 | 12 I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem.<br /> |
166 | 13 And I gave my heart to seek and search out by wisdom concerning all things<br /> |
167 | that are done under heaven: this sore travail hath God given to the sons of man<br /> |
168 | to be exercised therewith.<br /> |
169 | 14 I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is<br /> |
170 | vanity and vexation of spirit.<br /> |
171 | 15 That which is crooked cannot be made straight: and that which is wanting<br /> |
172 | cannot be numbered.<br /> |
173 | 16 I communed with mine own heart, saying, Lo, I am come to great estate, and<br /> |
174 | have gotten more wisdom than all they that have been before me in Jerusalem:<br /> |
175 | yea, my heart had great experience of wisdom and knowledge.<br /> |
176 | 17 And I gave my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I<br /> |
177 | perceived that this also is vexation of spirit.<br /> |
178 | 18 For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge<br /> |
179 | increaseth sorrow.<br /> |
180 | </p> |
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