* Fixed scm_thunk_p's results when applied to closures.

[bpt/guile.git] / libguile / goops.c

/* Copyright (C) 1998,1999,2000,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 * 
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
 * any later version.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this software; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
 * the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
 * Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
 *
 * As a special exception, the Free Software Foundation gives permission
 * for additional uses of the text contained in its release of GUILE.
 *
 * The exception is that, if you link the GUILE library with other files
 * to produce an executable, this does not by itself cause the
 * resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public License.
 * Your use of that executable is in no way restricted on account of
 * linking the GUILE library code into it.
 *
 * This exception does not however invalidate any other reasons why
 * the executable file might be covered by the GNU General Public License.
 *
 * This exception applies only to the code released by the
 * Free Software Foundation under the name GUILE.  If you copy
 * code from other Free Software Foundation releases into a copy of
 * GUILE, as the General Public License permits, the exception does
 * not apply to the code that you add in this way.  To avoid misleading
 * anyone as to the status of such modified files, you must delete
 * this exception notice from them.
 *
 * If you write modifications of your own for GUILE, it is your choice
 * whether to permit this exception to apply to your modifications.
 * If you do not wish that, delete this exception notice.  */
\f

/* This software is a derivative work of other copyrighted softwares; the
 * copyright notices of these softwares are placed in the file COPYRIGHTS
 *
 * This file is based upon stklos.c from the STk distribution by
 * Erick Gallesio <eg@unice.fr>.
 */

#include <stdio.h>

#include "libguile/_scm.h"
#include "libguile/alist.h"
#include "libguile/debug.h"
#include "libguile/dynl.h"
#include "libguile/dynwind.h"
#include "libguile/eval.h"
#include "libguile/hashtab.h"
#include "libguile/keywords.h"
#include "libguile/macros.h"
#include "libguile/modules.h"
#include "libguile/objects.h"
#include "libguile/ports.h"
#include "libguile/procprop.h"
#include "libguile/random.h"
#include "libguile/smob.h"
#include "libguile/strings.h"
#include "libguile/strports.h"
#include "libguile/vectors.h"
#include "libguile/weaks.h"

#include "libguile/validate.h"
#include "libguile/goops.h"

#define SPEC_OF(x)  SCM_SLOT (x, scm_si_specializers)

#define DEFVAR(v,val) \
{ scm_eval (SCM_LIST3 (scm_sym_define_public, (v), (val)), \
              scm_module_goops); }
/* Temporary hack until we get the new module system */
/*fixme* Should optimize by keeping track of the variable object itself */
#define GETVAR(v) (SCM_CDDR (scm_apply (scm_goops_lookup_closure, \
                                        SCM_LIST2 ((v), SCM_BOOL_F), \
                                        SCM_EOL)))

/* Fixme: Should use already interned symbols */
#define CALL_GF1(name,a)        (scm_apply (GETVAR (scm_str2symbol (name)), \
                                            SCM_LIST1 (a), SCM_EOL))
#define CALL_GF2(name,a,b)      (scm_apply (GETVAR (scm_str2symbol (name)), \
                                            SCM_LIST2 (a, b), SCM_EOL))
#define CALL_GF3(name,a,b,c)    (scm_apply (GETVAR (scm_str2symbol (name)), \
                                            SCM_LIST3 (a, b, c), SCM_EOL))
#define CALL_GF4(name,a,b,c,d)  (scm_apply (GETVAR (scm_str2symbol (name)), \
                                            SCM_LIST4 (a, b, c, d), SCM_EOL))

/* Class redefinition protocol:

   A class is represented by a heap header h1 which points to a
   malloc:ed memory block m1.

   When a new version of a class is created, a new header h2 and
   memory block m2 are allocated.  The headers h1 and h2 then switch
   pointers so that h1 refers to m2 and h2 to m1.  In this way, names
   bound to h1 will point to the new class at the same time as h2 will
   be a handle which the GC will us to free m1.

   The `redefined' slot of m1 will be set to point to h1.  An old
   instance will have it's class pointer (the CAR of the heap header)
   pointing to m1.  The non-immediate `redefined'-slot in m1 indicates
   the class modification and the new class pointer can be found via
   h1.
*/

#define SCM_CLASS_REDEF(c) SCM_SLOT (c, scm_si_redefined)
/* The following definition is located in libguile/objects.h:
#define SCM_OBJ_CLASS_REDEF(x) (SCM_STRUCT_VTABLE_DATA(x)[scm_si_redefined])
*/

#define TEST_CHANGE_CLASS(obj, class)                                         \
        {                                                                     \
          class = SCM_CLASS_OF (obj);                                         \
          if (SCM_OBJ_CLASS_REDEF (obj) != SCM_BOOL_F)                        \
            CALL_GF3 ("change-object-class",                                  \
                      obj, class, SCM_OBJ_CLASS_REDEF (obj));                 \
        }

#define NXT_MTHD_METHODS(m)     (SCM_VELTS (m)[1])
#define NXT_MTHD_ARGS(m)        (SCM_VELTS (m)[2])

#define SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND SCM_UNBOUND
#define SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP(x) ((x) == SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND)

static int goops_loaded_p = 0;
static scm_rstate *goops_rstate;

static SCM scm_goops_lookup_closure;

/* Some classes are defined in libguile/objects.c. */
SCM scm_class_top, scm_class_object, scm_class_class;
SCM scm_class_entity, scm_class_entity_with_setter;
SCM scm_class_generic, scm_class_generic_with_setter, scm_class_method;
SCM scm_class_simple_method, scm_class_accessor;
SCM scm_class_procedure_class;
SCM scm_class_operator_class, scm_class_operator_with_setter_class;
SCM scm_class_entity_class;
SCM scm_class_number, scm_class_list;
SCM scm_class_keyword;
SCM scm_class_port, scm_class_input_output_port;
SCM scm_class_input_port, scm_class_output_port;
SCM scm_class_foreign_class, scm_class_foreign_object;
SCM scm_class_foreign_slot;
SCM scm_class_self, scm_class_protected;
SCM scm_class_opaque, scm_class_read_only;
SCM scm_class_protected_opaque, scm_class_protected_read_only;
SCM scm_class_scm;
SCM scm_class_int, scm_class_float, scm_class_double;

SCM_SYMBOL (scm_sym_define_public, "define-public");

static SCM scm_make_unbound (void);
static SCM scm_unbound_p (SCM obj);
static SCM scm_assert_bound (SCM value, SCM obj);
static SCM scm_at_assert_bound_ref (SCM obj, SCM index);
static SCM scm_sys_goops_loaded (void);

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Compute-cpl
 *
 *   This version doesn't handle multiple-inheritance. It serves only for
 * booting classes and will be overaloaded in Scheme
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

#if 0
static SCM
compute_cpl (SCM supers, SCM res)
{
  return (SCM_NULLP (supers)
          ? scm_reverse (res)
          : compute_cpl (SCM_SLOT (SCM_CAR (supers), scm_si_direct_supers),
                         scm_cons (SCM_CAR (supers), res)));
}
#endif

static SCM
map (SCM (*proc) (SCM), SCM ls)
{
  if (SCM_IMP (ls))
    return ls;
  {
    SCM res = scm_cons (proc (SCM_CAR (ls)), SCM_EOL);
    SCM h = res;
    ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
    while (SCM_NIMP (ls))
      {
        SCM_SETCDR (h, scm_cons (proc (SCM_CAR (ls)), SCM_EOL));
        h = SCM_CDR (h);
        ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
      }
    return res;
  }
}

static SCM
filter_cpl (SCM ls)
{
  SCM res = SCM_EOL;
  while (SCM_NIMP (ls))
    {
      SCM el = SCM_CAR (ls);
      if (SCM_FALSEP (scm_c_memq (el, res)))
        res = scm_cons (el, res);
      ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
    }
  return res;
}

static SCM
compute_cpl (SCM class)
{
  if (goops_loaded_p)
    return CALL_GF1 ("compute-cpl", class);
  else
    {
      SCM supers = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_direct_supers);
      SCM ls = scm_append (scm_acons (class, supers,
                                      map (compute_cpl, supers)));
      return scm_reverse_x (filter_cpl (ls), SCM_EOL);
    }
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * compute-slots
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

static SCM
remove_duplicate_slots (SCM l, SCM res, SCM slots_already_seen)
{
  SCM tmp;

  if (SCM_NULLP (l))
    return res;

  tmp = SCM_CAAR (l);
  if (!SCM_SYMBOLP (tmp))
    scm_misc_error ("%compute-slots", "bad slot name ~S", SCM_LIST1 (tmp));
  
  if (SCM_FALSEP (scm_c_memq (tmp, slots_already_seen))) {
    res                = scm_cons (SCM_CAR (l), res);
    slots_already_seen = scm_cons (tmp, slots_already_seen);
  }
  
  return remove_duplicate_slots (SCM_CDR (l), res, slots_already_seen);
}

static SCM
build_slots_list (SCM dslots, SCM cpl)
{
  register SCM res = dslots;

  for (cpl = SCM_CDR(cpl); SCM_NNULLP(cpl); cpl = SCM_CDR(cpl))
    res = scm_append (SCM_LIST2 (SCM_SLOT (SCM_CAR (cpl), scm_si_direct_slots),
                                 res));

  /* res contains a list of slots. Remove slots which appears more than once */
  return remove_duplicate_slots (scm_reverse (res), SCM_EOL, SCM_EOL);
}

static SCM
maplist (SCM ls)
{
  SCM orig = ls;
  while (SCM_NIMP (ls))
    {
      if (!SCM_CONSP (SCM_CAR (ls)))
        SCM_SETCAR (ls, scm_cons (SCM_CAR (ls), SCM_EOL));
      ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
    }
  return orig;
}


SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_compute_slots, "%compute-slots", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM class),
            "Return a list consisting of the names of all slots belonging to\n"
            "class @var{class}, i. e. the slots of @var{class} and of all of\n"
            "its superclasses.") 
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_compute_slots
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
  return build_slots_list (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_direct_slots),
                           SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_cpl));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * compute-getters-n-setters
 *  
 *   This version doesn't handle slot options. It serves only for booting 
 * classes and will be overaloaded in Scheme.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

SCM_KEYWORD (k_init_value, "init-value");
SCM_KEYWORD (k_init_thunk, "init-thunk");

static SCM
compute_getters_n_setters (SCM slots)
{
  SCM res = SCM_EOL;
  SCM *cdrloc = &res;
  long i   = 0;

  for (  ; SCM_NNULLP(slots); slots = SCM_CDR(slots))
    {
      SCM init = SCM_BOOL_F;
      SCM options = SCM_CDAR (slots);
      if (SCM_NNULLP (options))
        {
          init = scm_get_keyword (k_init_value, options, 0);
          if (init)
            init = scm_closure (SCM_LIST2 (SCM_EOL, init), SCM_EOL);
          else
            init = scm_get_keyword (k_init_thunk, options, SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
      *cdrloc = scm_cons (scm_cons (SCM_CAAR (slots),
                                    scm_cons (init,
                                              SCM_MAKINUM (i++))),
                          SCM_EOL);
      cdrloc = SCM_CDRLOC (*cdrloc);
    }
  return res;
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * initialize-object
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

/*fixme* Manufacture keywords in advance */
SCM
scm_i_get_keyword (SCM key, SCM l, int len, SCM default_value, const char *subr)
{
  unsigned int i;

  for (i = 0; i != len; i += 2)
    {
      SCM obj = SCM_CAR (l);

      if (!SCM_KEYWORDP (obj))
        scm_misc_error (subr, "bad keyword: ~S", SCM_LIST1 (obj));
      else if (SCM_EQ_P (obj, key))
        return SCM_CADR (l);
      else
        l = SCM_CDDR (l);
    }

  return default_value;
}


SCM_DEFINE (scm_get_keyword, "get-keyword", 3, 0, 0,
            (SCM key, SCM l, SCM default_value),
            "Determine an associated value for the keyword @var{key} from\n"
            "the list @var{l}.  The list @var{l} has to consist of an even\n"
            "number of elements, where, starting with the first, every\n"
            "second element is a keyword, followed by its associated value.\n"
            "If @var{l} does not hold a value for @var{key}, the value\n"
            "@var{default_value} is returned.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_get_keyword
{
  int len;

  SCM_ASSERT (SCM_KEYWORDP (key), key, SCM_ARG1, FUNC_NAME);
  len = scm_ilength (l);
  if (len < 0 || len % 2 == 1)
    scm_misc_error (FUNC_NAME, "Bad keyword-value list: ~S", SCM_LIST1 (l));

  return scm_i_get_keyword (key, l, len, default_value, FUNC_NAME);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_KEYWORD (k_init_keyword, "init-keyword");

static SCM get_slot_value (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slotdef);
static SCM set_slot_value (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slotdef, SCM value);

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_initialize_object, "%initialize-object", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj, SCM initargs),
            "Initialize the object @var{obj} with the given arguments\n"
            "@var{initargs}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_initialize_object
{
  SCM tmp, get_n_set, slots;
  SCM class       = SCM_CLASS_OF (obj);
  int n_initargs;

  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
  n_initargs = scm_ilength (initargs);
  SCM_ASSERT ((n_initargs & 1) == 0, initargs, SCM_ARG2, FUNC_NAME);
  
  get_n_set = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_getters_n_setters);
  slots     = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_slots);
  
  /* See for each slot how it must be initialized */
  for (;
       SCM_NNULLP (slots);
       get_n_set = SCM_CDR (get_n_set), slots = SCM_CDR (slots))
    {
      SCM slot_name  = SCM_CAR (slots);
      SCM slot_value = 0;
    
      if (SCM_NIMP (SCM_CDR (slot_name)))
        {
          /* This slot admits (perhaps) to be initialized at creation time */
          int n = scm_ilength (SCM_CDR (slot_name));
          if (n & 1) /* odd or -1 */
            SCM_MISC_ERROR ("class contains bogus slot definition: ~S",
                            SCM_LIST1 (slot_name));
          tmp   = scm_i_get_keyword (k_init_keyword,
                                     SCM_CDR (slot_name),
                                     n,
                                     0,
                                     FUNC_NAME);
          slot_name = SCM_CAR (slot_name);
          if (tmp)
            {
              /* an initarg was provided for this slot */
              if (!SCM_KEYWORDP (tmp))
                SCM_MISC_ERROR ("initarg must be a keyword. It was ~S",
                                SCM_LIST1 (tmp));
              slot_value = scm_i_get_keyword (tmp,
                                              initargs,
                                              n_initargs,
                                              0,
                                              FUNC_NAME);
            }
        }

      if (slot_value)
        /* set slot to provided value */
        set_slot_value (class, obj, SCM_CAR (get_n_set), slot_value);
      else
        {
          /* set slot to its :init-form if it exists */
          tmp = SCM_CADAR (get_n_set);
          if (tmp != SCM_BOOL_F)
            {
              slot_value = get_slot_value (class, obj, SCM_CAR (get_n_set));
              if (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (slot_value))
                {
                  SCM env = SCM_EXTEND_ENV (SCM_EOL, SCM_EOL, SCM_ENV (tmp));
                  set_slot_value (class,
                                  obj,
                                  SCM_CAR (get_n_set),
                                  scm_eval_body (SCM_CDR (SCM_CODE (tmp)),
                                                 env));
                }
            }
        }
    }
  
  return obj;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_KEYWORD (k_class, "class");

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_prep_layout_x, "%prep-layout!", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM class),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_prep_layout_x
{
  int i, n, len;
  char *s, p, a;
  SCM nfields, slots, type;

  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, class);
  slots = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_slots);
  nfields = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields);
  if (!SCM_INUMP (nfields) || SCM_INUM (nfields) < 0)
    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("bad value in nfields slot: ~S",
                    SCM_LIST1 (nfields));
  n = 2 * SCM_INUM (nfields);
  if (n < sizeof (SCM_CLASS_CLASS_LAYOUT) - 1
      && SCM_SUBCLASSP (class, scm_class_class))
    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("class object doesn't have enough fields: ~S",
                    SCM_LIST1 (nfields));
  
  s  = n > 0 ? scm_must_malloc (n, FUNC_NAME) : 0;
  for (i = 0; i < n; i += 2)
    {
      if (!SCM_CONSP (slots))
        SCM_MISC_ERROR ("to few slot definitions", SCM_EOL);
      len = scm_ilength (SCM_CDAR (slots));
      type = scm_i_get_keyword (k_class, SCM_CDAR (slots), len, SCM_BOOL_F,
                                FUNC_NAME);
      if (SCM_NIMP (type) && SCM_SUBCLASSP (type, scm_class_foreign_slot))
        {
          if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (type, scm_class_self))
            p = 's';
          else if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (type, scm_class_protected))
            p = 'p';
          else
            p = 'u';
          
          if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (type, scm_class_opaque))
            a = 'o';
          else if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (type, scm_class_read_only))
            a = 'r';
          else
            a = 'w';
        }
      else
        {
          p = 'p';
          a = 'w';
        }
      s[i] = p;
      s[i + 1] = a;
      slots = SCM_CDR (slots);
    }
  SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_layout) = scm_mem2symbol (s, n);
  if (s)
    scm_must_free (s);
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

static void prep_hashsets (SCM);

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_inherit_magic_x, "%inherit-magic!", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM class, SCM dsupers),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_inherit_magic_x
{
  SCM ls = dsupers;
  long flags = 0;
  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, class);
  while (SCM_NNULLP (ls))
    {
      SCM_ASSERT (SCM_CONSP (ls)
                  && SCM_INSTANCEP (SCM_CAR (ls)),
                  dsupers,
                  SCM_ARG2,
                  FUNC_NAME);
      flags |= SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (SCM_CAR (ls));
      ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
    }
  flags &= SCM_CLASSF_INHERIT;
  if (flags & SCM_CLASSF_ENTITY)
    SCM_SET_CLASS_DESTRUCTOR (class, scm_struct_free_entity);
  else
    {
      int n = SCM_INUM (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields));
#if 0
      /*
       * We could avoid calling scm_must_malloc in the allocation code
       * (in which case the following two lines are needed).  Instead
       * we make 0-slot instances non-light, so that the light case
       * can be handled without special cases.
       */
      if (n == 0)
        SCM_SET_CLASS_DESTRUCTOR (class, scm_struct_free_0);
#endif
      if (n > 0 && !(flags & SCM_CLASSF_METACLASS))
        {
          /* NOTE: The following depends on scm_struct_i_size. */
          flags |= SCM_STRUCTF_LIGHT + n * sizeof (SCM); /* use light representation */
          SCM_SET_CLASS_DESTRUCTOR (class, scm_struct_free_light);
        }
    }
  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (class, flags);

  prep_hashsets (class);
  
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

void
prep_hashsets (SCM class)
{
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
    SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_hashsets + i)
      = SCM_PACK (scm_c_uniform32 (goops_rstate));
}

/******************************************************************************/

SCM
scm_basic_basic_make_class (SCM class, SCM name, SCM dsupers, SCM dslots)
{
  SCM z, cpl, slots, nfields, g_n_s;

  /* Allocate one instance */
  z = scm_make_struct (class, SCM_INUM0, SCM_EOL);

  /* Initialize its slots */
#if 0
  cpl   = compute_cpl (dsupers, SCM_LIST1(z));
#endif
  SCM_SLOT (z, scm_si_direct_supers) = dsupers;
  cpl   = compute_cpl (z);
  slots = build_slots_list (maplist (dslots), cpl);
  nfields = SCM_MAKINUM (scm_ilength (slots));
  g_n_s = compute_getters_n_setters (slots);

  SCM_SLOT(z, scm_si_name)              = name;
  SCM_SLOT(z, scm_si_direct_slots)      = dslots;
  SCM_SLOT(z, scm_si_direct_subclasses) = SCM_EOL;
  SCM_SLOT(z, scm_si_direct_methods)    = SCM_EOL;
  SCM_SLOT(z, scm_si_cpl)               = cpl;
  SCM_SLOT(z, scm_si_slots)             = slots;
  SCM_SLOT(z, scm_si_nfields)           = nfields;
  SCM_SLOT(z, scm_si_getters_n_setters) = g_n_s;
  SCM_SLOT(z, scm_si_redefined)         = SCM_BOOL_F;
  SCM_SLOT(z, scm_si_environment)
    = scm_top_level_env (SCM_TOP_LEVEL_LOOKUP_CLOSURE);

  /* Add this class in the direct-subclasses slot of dsupers */
  {
    SCM tmp;
    for (tmp = dsupers; SCM_NNULLP(tmp); tmp = SCM_CDR(tmp))
      SCM_SLOT(SCM_CAR(tmp), scm_si_direct_subclasses)
        = scm_cons(z, SCM_SLOT(SCM_CAR(tmp), scm_si_direct_subclasses));
  }

  /* Support for the underlying structs: */
  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (z, (class == scm_class_entity_class
                           ? (SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_OR_VALID
                              | SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR
                              | SCM_CLASSF_ENTITY)
                           : class == scm_class_operator_class
                           ? SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_OR_VALID | SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR
                           : SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_OR_VALID));
  return z;
}

SCM
scm_basic_make_class (SCM class, SCM name, SCM dsupers, SCM dslots)
{
  SCM z = scm_basic_basic_make_class (class, name, dsupers, dslots);
  scm_sys_inherit_magic_x (z, dsupers);
  scm_sys_prep_layout_x (z);
  return z;
}

/******************************************************************************/

static SCM
build_class_class_slots ()
{
  return maplist (
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("layout"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_protected_read_only),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("vcell"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_opaque),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("vtable"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_self),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("print"),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("procedure"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_protected_opaque),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("setter"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_protected_opaque),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("redefined"),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("h0"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_int),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("h1"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_int),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("h2"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_int),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("h3"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_int),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("h4"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_int),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("h5"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_int),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("h6"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_int),
         scm_cons (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("h7"),
                              k_class,
                              scm_class_int),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("name"),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("direct-supers"),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("direct-slots"),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("direct-subclasses"),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("direct-methods"),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("cpl"),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("default-slot-definition-class"),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("slots"),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("getters-n-setters"), /* name-access */
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("keyword-access"),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("nfields"),
         scm_cons (scm_str2symbol ("environment"),
         SCM_EOL))))))))))))))))))))))))))));
}

static void
create_basic_classes (void)
{
  /* SCM slots_of_class = build_class_class_slots (); */

  /**** <scm_class_class> ****/
  SCM cs = scm_makfrom0str (SCM_CLASS_CLASS_LAYOUT
                            + 2 * scm_vtable_offset_user);
  SCM name = scm_str2symbol ("<class>");
  scm_class_class = scm_permanent_object (scm_make_vtable_vtable (cs,
                                                                  SCM_INUM0,
                                                                  SCM_EOL));
  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_class, (SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_OR_VALID
                                         | SCM_CLASSF_METACLASS));

  SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_name)                 = name;
  SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_supers)        = SCM_EOL;  /* will be changed */
  /* SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_slots) = slots_of_class; */
  SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_subclasses)= SCM_EOL;
  SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_methods) = SCM_EOL;  
  SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_cpl)          = SCM_EOL;  /* will be changed */
  /* SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_slots) = slots_of_class; */
  SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_nfields)      = SCM_MAKINUM (SCM_N_CLASS_SLOTS);
  /* SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_getters_n_setters)
     = compute_getters_n_setters (slots_of_class); */
  SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_redefined)    = SCM_BOOL_F;
  SCM_SLOT(scm_class_class, scm_si_environment)
    = scm_top_level_env (SCM_TOP_LEVEL_LOOKUP_CLOSURE);

  prep_hashsets (scm_class_class);

  DEFVAR(name, scm_class_class);

  /**** <scm_class_top> ****/
  name = scm_str2symbol ("<top>");
  scm_class_top = scm_permanent_object (scm_basic_make_class (scm_class_class,
                                                    name,
                                                    SCM_EOL,
                                                    SCM_EOL));

  DEFVAR(name, scm_class_top);
  
  /**** <scm_class_object> ****/
  name   = scm_str2symbol ("<object>");
  scm_class_object = scm_permanent_object (scm_basic_make_class (scm_class_class,
                                                       name,
                                                       SCM_LIST1 (scm_class_top),
                                                       SCM_EOL));

  DEFVAR (name, scm_class_object);

  /* <top> <object> and <class> were partially initialized. Correct them here */
  SCM_SLOT (scm_class_object, scm_si_direct_subclasses) = SCM_LIST1 (scm_class_class);

  SCM_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_supers)      = SCM_LIST1 (scm_class_object);
  SCM_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_cpl)                    = SCM_LIST3 (scm_class_class, scm_class_object, scm_class_top);
}

/******************************************************************************/

SCM_DEFINE (scm_instance_p, "instance?", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} is an instance.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_instance_p
{
  return SCM_BOOL (SCM_INSTANCEP (obj));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


/******************************************************************************
 * 
 * Meta object accessors
 *
 ******************************************************************************/
SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_name, "class-name",  1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the class name of @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_name
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("name"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_direct_supers, "class-direct-supers", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the direct superclasses of the class @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_direct_supers
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("direct-supers"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_direct_slots, "class-direct-slots", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the direct slots of the class @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_direct_slots
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("direct-slots"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_direct_subclasses, "class-direct-subclasses", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the direct subclasses of the class @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_direct_subclasses
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref(obj, scm_str2symbol ("direct-subclasses"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_direct_methods, "class-direct-methods", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the direct methods of the class @var{obj}")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_direct_methods
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("direct-methods"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_precedence_list, "class-precedence-list", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the class precedence list of the class @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_precedence_list
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("cpl"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_slots, "class-slots", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the slot list of the class @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_slots
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("slots"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_environment, "class-environment", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the environment of the class @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_environment
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref(obj, scm_str2symbol ("environment"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_generic_function_name, "generic-function-name", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the name of the generic function @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_generic_function_name
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_GENERIC (1, obj);
  return scm_procedure_property (obj, scm_sym_name);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_generic_function_methods, "generic-function-methods", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the methods of the generic function @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_generic_function_methods
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_GENERIC (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("methods"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_method_generic_function, "method-generic-function", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the generic function fot the method @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_method_generic_function
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_METHOD (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("generic-function"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_method_specializers, "method-specializers", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return specializers of the method @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_method_specializers
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_METHOD (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("specializers"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_method_procedure, "method-procedure", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the procedure of the method @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_method_procedure
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_METHOD (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("procedure"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_accessor_method_slot_definition, "accessor-method-slot-definition", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return the slot definition of the accessor @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_accessor_method_slot_definition
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_ACCESSOR (1, obj);
  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_str2symbol ("slot-definition"));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_tag_body, "%tag-body", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM body),
            "Internal GOOPS magic---don't use this function!")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_tag_body
{
  return scm_cons (SCM_IM_LAMBDA, body);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * S l o t   a c c e s s
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

SCM_DEFINE (scm_make_unbound, "make-unbound", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
            "Return the unbound value.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make_unbound
{
  return SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_unbound_p, "unbound?", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} is unbound.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_unbound_p
{
  return SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (obj) ? SCM_BOOL_T : SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_assert_bound, "assert-bound", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM value, SCM obj),
            "Return @var{value} if it is bound, and invoke the\n"
            "@var{slot-unbound} method of @var{obj} if it is not.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_assert_bound
{
  if (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (value))
    return CALL_GF1 ("slot-unbound", obj);
  return value;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_at_assert_bound_ref, "@assert-bound-ref", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj, SCM index),
            "Like @code{assert-bound}, but use @var{index} for accessing\n"
            "the value from @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_at_assert_bound_ref
{
  SCM value = SCM_SLOT (obj, SCM_INUM (index));
  if (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (value))
    return CALL_GF1 ("slot-unbound", obj);
  return value;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_fast_slot_ref, "%fast-slot-ref", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj, SCM index),
            "Return the slot value with index @var{index} from @var{obj}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_fast_slot_ref
{
  register long i;

  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM (2, index);
  i = SCM_INUM (index);
  
  SCM_ASSERT_RANGE (2, index, i >= 0 && i < SCM_NUMBER_OF_SLOTS (obj));
  return scm_at_assert_bound_ref (obj, index);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_fast_slot_set_x, "%fast-slot-set!", 3, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj, SCM index, SCM value),
            "Set the slot with index @var{index} in @var{obj} to\n"
            "@var{value}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_fast_slot_set_x
{
  register long i;

  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM (2, index);
  i = SCM_INUM (index);
  SCM_ASSERT_RANGE (2, index, i >= 0 && i < SCM_NUMBER_OF_SLOTS (obj));
  SCM_SLOT (obj, i) = value;

  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


/** Utilities **/

/* In the future, this function will return the effective slot
 * definition associated with SLOT_NAME.  Now it just returns some of
 * the information which will be stored in the effective slot
 * definition.
 */

static SCM
slot_definition_using_name (SCM class, SCM slot_name)
{
  register SCM slots = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_getters_n_setters);
  for (; SCM_NIMP (slots); slots = SCM_CDR (slots))
    if (SCM_CAAR (slots) == slot_name)
      return SCM_CAR (slots);
  return SCM_BOOL_F;
}

static SCM
get_slot_value (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slotdef)
{
  SCM access = SCM_CDDR (slotdef);
  /* Two cases here:
   *    - access is an integer (the offset of this slot in the slots vector)
   *    - otherwise (car access) is the getter function to apply
   */
  if (SCM_INUMP (access))
    return SCM_SLOT (obj, SCM_INUM (access));
  else
    {
      /* We must evaluate (apply (car access) (list obj)) 
       * where (car access) is known to be a closure of arity 1  */
      register SCM code, env;

      code = SCM_CAR (access);
      if (!SCM_CLOSUREP (code))
        return SCM_SUBRF (code) (obj);
      env  = SCM_EXTEND_ENV (SCM_CLOSURE_FORMALS (code),
                             SCM_LIST1 (obj),
                             SCM_ENV (code));
      /* Evaluate the closure body */
      return scm_eval_body (SCM_CDR (SCM_CODE (code)), env);
    }
}

static SCM
get_slot_value_using_name (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name)
{
  SCM slotdef = slot_definition_using_name (class, slot_name);
  if (SCM_NFALSEP (slotdef))
    return get_slot_value (class, obj, slotdef);
  else
    return CALL_GF3 ("slot-missing", class, obj, slot_name);
}

static SCM
set_slot_value (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slotdef, SCM value)
{
  SCM access = SCM_CDDR (slotdef);
  /* Two cases here:
   *    - access is an integer (the offset of this slot in the slots vector)
   *    - otherwise (cadr access) is the setter function to apply
   */
  if (SCM_INUMP (access))
    SCM_SLOT (obj, SCM_INUM (access)) = value;
  else
    {
      /* We must evaluate (apply (cadr l) (list obj value))
       * where (cadr l) is known to be a closure of arity 2  */
      register SCM code, env;

      code = SCM_CADR (access);
      if (!SCM_CLOSUREP (code))
        SCM_SUBRF (code) (obj, value);
      else
        {
          env  = SCM_EXTEND_ENV (SCM_CLOSURE_FORMALS (code),
                                 SCM_LIST2 (obj, value),
                                 SCM_ENV (code));
          /* Evaluate the closure body */
          scm_eval_body (SCM_CDR (SCM_CODE (code)), env);
        }
    }
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}

static SCM
set_slot_value_using_name (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name, SCM value)
{
  SCM slotdef = slot_definition_using_name (class, slot_name);
  if (SCM_NFALSEP (slotdef))
    return set_slot_value (class, obj, slotdef, value);
  else
    return CALL_GF4 ("slot-missing", class, obj, slot_name, value);
}

static SCM
test_slot_existence (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name)
{
  register SCM l;

  for (l = SCM_ACCESSORS_OF (obj); SCM_NNULLP (l); l = SCM_CDR (l))
    if (SCM_CAAR (l) == slot_name)
      return SCM_BOOL_T;

  return SCM_BOOL_F;
}

                /* ======================================== */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_ref_using_class, "slot-ref-using-class", 3, 0, 0,
            (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_ref_using_class
{
  SCM res;

  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (2, obj);
  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (3, slot_name);

  res = get_slot_value_using_name (class, obj, slot_name);
  if (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (res))
    return CALL_GF3 ("slot-unbound", class, obj, slot_name);
  return res;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_set_using_class_x, "slot-set-using-class!", 4, 0, 0,
            (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name, SCM value),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_set_using_class_x
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (2, obj);
  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (3, slot_name);

  return set_slot_value_using_name (class, obj, slot_name, value);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_bound_using_class_p, "slot-bound-using-class?", 3, 0, 0,
            (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_bound_using_class_p
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (2, obj);
  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (3, slot_name);

  return (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (get_slot_value_using_name (class, obj, slot_name))
          ? SCM_BOOL_F
          : SCM_BOOL_T);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_exists_using_class_p, "slot-exists-using-class?", 3, 0, 0,
            (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_exists_using_class_p
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (2, obj);
  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (3, slot_name);
  return test_slot_existence (class, obj, slot_name);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


                /* ======================================== */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_ref, "slot-ref", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
            "Return the value from @var{obj}'s slot with the name\n"
            "@var{slot_name}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_ref
{
  SCM res, class;

  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
  TEST_CHANGE_CLASS (obj, class);

  res = get_slot_value_using_name (class, obj, slot_name);
  if (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (res))
    return CALL_GF3 ("slot-unbound", class, obj, slot_name);
  return res;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_set_x, "slot-set!", 3, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj, SCM slot_name, SCM value),
            "Set the slot named @var{slot_name} of @var{obj} to @var{value}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_set_x
{
  SCM class;

  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
  TEST_CHANGE_CLASS(obj, class);

  return set_slot_value_using_name (class, obj, slot_name, value);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

const char *scm_s_slot_set_x = s_scm_slot_set_x;

SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_bound_p, "slot-bound?", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
            "Return @code{#t} if the slot named @var{slot_name} of @var{obj}\n"
            "is bound.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_bound_p
{
  SCM class;

  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
  TEST_CHANGE_CLASS(obj, class);

  return (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (get_slot_value_using_name (class,
                                                         obj,
                                                         slot_name))
          ? SCM_BOOL_F
          : SCM_BOOL_T);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_slots_exists_p, "slot-exists?", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
            "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} has a slot named @var{slot_name}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slots_exists_p
{
  SCM class;

  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (2, slot_name);
  TEST_CHANGE_CLASS (obj, class);

  return test_slot_existence (class, obj, slot_name);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


/******************************************************************************
 *
 * %allocate-instance (the low level instance allocation primitive)
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

static void clear_method_cache (SCM);

static SCM
wrap_init (SCM class, SCM *m, int n)
{
  SCM z;
  int i;
  
  /* Set all slots to unbound */
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    m[i] = SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND;

  SCM_NEWCELL2 (z);
  SCM_SETCDR (z, (SCM) m);
  SCM_SET_STRUCT_GC_CHAIN (z, 0);
  SCM_SETCAR (z, (scm_bits_t) SCM_STRUCT_DATA (class) | scm_tc3_cons_gloc);

  return z;
}

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_allocate_instance, "%allocate-instance", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM class, SCM initargs),
            "Create a new instance of class @var{class} and initialize it\n"
            "from the arguments @var{initargs}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_allocate_instance
{
  SCM *m;
  int n;

  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);

  /* Most instances */
  if (SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (class) & SCM_STRUCTF_LIGHT)
    {
      n = SCM_INUM (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields));
      m = (SCM *) scm_must_malloc (n * sizeof (SCM), "instance");
      return wrap_init (class, m, n);
    }
  
  /* Foreign objects */
  if (SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (class) & SCM_CLASSF_FOREIGN)
    return scm_make_foreign_object (class, initargs);

  n = SCM_INUM (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields));
  
  /* Entities */
  if (SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (class) & SCM_CLASSF_ENTITY)
    {
      m = (SCM *) scm_alloc_struct (n,
                                    scm_struct_entity_n_extra_words,
                                    "entity");
      m[scm_struct_i_setter] = SCM_BOOL_F;
      m[scm_struct_i_procedure] = SCM_BOOL_F;
      /* Generic functions */
      if (SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (class) & SCM_CLASSF_PURE_GENERIC)
        {
          SCM gf = wrap_init (class, m, n);
          clear_method_cache (gf);
          return gf;
        }
      else
        return wrap_init (class, m, n);
    }
  
  /* Class objects */
  if (SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (class) & SCM_CLASSF_METACLASS)
    {
      int i;

      /* allocate class object */
      SCM z = scm_make_struct (class, SCM_INUM0, SCM_EOL);

      SCM_SLOT (z, scm_si_print) = SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND;
      for (i = scm_si_goops_fields; i < n; i++)
        SCM_SLOT (z, i) = SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND;

      if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (class, scm_class_entity_class))
        SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (z, SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR | SCM_CLASSF_ENTITY);
      else if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (class, scm_class_operator_class))
        SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (z, SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR);

      return z;
    }
  
  /* Non-light instances */
  {
    m = (SCM *) scm_alloc_struct (n,
                                  scm_struct_n_extra_words,
                                  "heavy instance");
    return wrap_init (class, m, n);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_set_object_setter_x, "%set-object-setter!", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj, SCM setter),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_set_object_setter_x
{
  SCM_ASSERT (SCM_STRUCTP (obj)
              && ((SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (obj) & SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR)
                  || SCM_I_ENTITYP (obj)),
              obj,
              SCM_ARG1,
              FUNC_NAME);
  if (SCM_I_ENTITYP (obj))
    SCM_SET_ENTITY_SETTER (obj, setter);
  else
    SCM_OPERATOR_CLASS (obj)->setter = setter;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * %modify-instance (used by change-class to modify in place)
 * 
 ******************************************************************************/

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_modify_instance, "%modify-instance", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM old, SCM new),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_modify_instance
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, old);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (2, new);

  /* Exchange the data contained in old and new. We exchange rather than 
   * scratch the old value with new to be correct with GC.
   * See "Class redefinition protocol above".
   */
  SCM_REDEFER_INTS;
  {
    SCM car = SCM_CAR (old);
    SCM cdr = SCM_CDR (old);
    SCM_SETCAR (old, SCM_CAR (new));
    SCM_SETCDR (old, SCM_CDR (new));
    SCM_SETCAR (new, car);
    SCM_SETCDR (new, cdr);
  }
  SCM_REALLOW_INTS;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_modify_class, "%modify-class", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM old, SCM new),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_modify_class
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, old);
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (2, new);

  SCM_REDEFER_INTS;
  {
    SCM car = SCM_CAR (old);
    SCM cdr = SCM_CDR (old);
    SCM_SETCAR (old, SCM_CAR (new));
    SCM_SETCDR (old, SCM_CDR (new));
    SCM_STRUCT_DATA (old)[scm_vtable_index_vtable] = old;
    SCM_SETCAR (new, car);
    SCM_SETCDR (new, cdr);
    SCM_STRUCT_DATA (new)[scm_vtable_index_vtable] = new;
  }
  SCM_REALLOW_INTS;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_invalidate_class, "%invalidate-class", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM class),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_invalidate_class
{
  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
  SCM_CLEAR_CLASS_FLAGS (class, SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_VALID);
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

/* When instances change class, they finally get a new body, but
 * before that, they go through purgatory in hell.  Odd as it may
 * seem, this data structure saves us from eternal suffering in
 * infinite recursions.
 */

static SCM **hell;
static int n_hell = 1;          /* one place for the evil one himself */
static int hell_size = 4;
#ifdef USE_THREADS
static scm_mutex_t hell_mutex;
#endif

static int
burnin (SCM o)
{
  int i;
  for (i = 1; i < n_hell; ++i)
    if (SCM_INST (o) == hell[i])
      return i;
  return 0;
}

static void
go_to_hell (void *o)
{
  SCM obj = (SCM) o;
#ifdef USE_THREADS
  scm_mutex_lock (&hell_mutex);
#endif
  if (n_hell == hell_size)
    {
      int new_size = 2 * hell_size;
      hell = scm_must_realloc (hell, hell_size, new_size, "hell");
      hell_size = new_size;
    }
  hell[n_hell++] = SCM_INST (obj);
#ifdef USE_THREADS
  scm_mutex_unlock (&hell_mutex);
#endif
}

static void
go_to_heaven (void *o)
{
#ifdef USE_THREADS
  scm_mutex_lock (&hell_mutex);
#endif
  hell[burnin ((SCM) o)] = hell[--n_hell];
#ifdef USE_THREADS
  scm_mutex_unlock (&hell_mutex);
#endif
}

static SCM
purgatory (void *args)
{
  return scm_apply (GETVAR (scm_str2symbol ("change-class")), (SCM) args, SCM_EOL);
}

void
scm_change_object_class (SCM obj, SCM old_class, SCM new_class)
{
  if (!burnin (obj))
    scm_internal_dynamic_wind (go_to_hell, purgatory, go_to_heaven,
                               (void *) SCM_LIST2 (obj, new_class),
                               (void *) obj);
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 *   GGGG                FFFFF          
 *  G                    F    
 *  G  GG                FFF    
 *  G   G                F      
 *   GGG  E N E R I C    F    U N C T I O N S
 *
 * This implementation provides
 *      - generic functions (with class specializers)
 *      - multi-methods
 *      - next-method 
 *      - a hard-coded MOP for standard gf, which can be overloaded for non-std gf
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

SCM_KEYWORD (k_name, "name");

SCM_SYMBOL (sym_no_method, "no-method");

static SCM list_of_no_method;

SCM_SYMBOL (scm_sym_args, "args");

SCM
scm_make_method_cache (SCM gf)
{
  return SCM_LIST5 (SCM_IM_DISPATCH, scm_sym_args, SCM_MAKINUM (1),
                    scm_c_make_vector (SCM_INITIAL_MCACHE_SIZE,
                                       list_of_no_method),
                    gf);
}

static void
clear_method_cache (SCM gf)
{
  SCM cache = scm_make_method_cache (gf);
  SCM_SET_ENTITY_PROCEDURE (gf, cache);
  SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_used_by) = SCM_BOOL_F;
}

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_invalidate_method_cache_x, "%invalidate-method-cache!", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM gf),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_invalidate_method_cache_x
{
  SCM used_by;
  SCM_ASSERT (SCM_PUREGENERICP (gf), gf, SCM_ARG1, FUNC_NAME);
  used_by = SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_used_by);
  if (SCM_NFALSEP (used_by))
    {
      SCM methods = SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_methods);
      for (; SCM_CONSP (used_by); used_by = SCM_CDR (used_by))
        scm_sys_invalidate_method_cache_x (SCM_CAR (used_by));
      clear_method_cache (gf);
      for (; SCM_CONSP (methods); methods = SCM_CDR (methods))
        SCM_SLOT (SCM_CAR (methods), scm_si_code_table) = SCM_EOL;
    }
  {
    SCM n = SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_n_specialized);
    /* The sign of n is a flag indicating rest args. */
    SCM_SET_MCACHE_N_SPECIALIZED (SCM_ENTITY_PROCEDURE (gf), n);
  }
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_generic_capability_p, "generic-capability?", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM proc),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_generic_capability_p
{
  SCM_ASSERT (SCM_NFALSEP (scm_procedure_p (proc)),
              proc, SCM_ARG1, FUNC_NAME);
  return (scm_subr_p (proc) && SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (proc)
          ? SCM_BOOL_T
          : SCM_BOOL_F);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_enable_primitive_generic_x, "enable-primitive-generic!", 0, 0, 1,
            (SCM subrs),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_enable_primitive_generic_x
{
  while (SCM_NIMP (subrs))
    {
      SCM subr = SCM_CAR (subrs);
      SCM_ASSERT (scm_subr_p (subr) && SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (subr),
                  subr, SCM_ARGn, FUNC_NAME);
      *SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (subr)
        = scm_make (SCM_LIST3 (scm_class_generic,
                               k_name,
                               SCM_SNAME (subr)));
      subrs = SCM_CDR (subrs);
    }
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_primitive_generic_generic, "primitive-generic-generic", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM subr),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_primitive_generic_generic
{
  if (scm_subr_p (subr) && SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (subr))
    {
      SCM gf = *SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (subr);
      if (gf)
        return gf;
    }
  SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, subr);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

/******************************************************************************
 * 
 * Protocol for calling a generic fumction
 * This protocol is roughly equivalent to (parameter are a little bit different 
 * for efficiency reasons):
 *
 *      + apply-generic (gf args)
 *              + compute-applicable-methods (gf args ...)
 *                      + sort-applicable-methods (methods args)
 *              + apply-methods (gf methods args)
 *                              
 * apply-methods calls make-next-method to build the "continuation" of a a 
 * method.  Applying a next-method will call apply-next-method which in
 * turn will call  apply again to call effectively the following method.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

static int
applicablep (SCM actual, SCM formal)
{
  /* We already know that the cpl is well formed. */
  return !SCM_FALSEP (scm_c_memq (formal, SCM_SLOT (actual, scm_si_cpl)));
}

static int
more_specificp (SCM m1, SCM m2, SCM *targs)
{
  register SCM s1, s2;
  register int i;
  /* 
   * Note: 
   *   m1 and m2 can have != length (i.e. one can be one element longer than the 
   * other when we have a dotted parameter list). For instance, with the call
   *   (M 1)
   * with
   *   (define-method M (a . l) ....)
   *   (define-method M (a) ....) 
   *
   * we consider that the second method is more specific.
   *
   * BTW, targs is an array of types. We don't need it's size since
   * we already know that m1 and m2 are applicable (no risk to go past
   * the end of this array).
   *
   */
  for (i=0,s1=SPEC_OF(m1),s2=SPEC_OF(m2); ; i++,s1=SCM_CDR(s1),s2=SCM_CDR(s2)) {
    if (SCM_NULLP(s1)) return 1;
    if (SCM_NULLP(s2)) return 0;
    if (SCM_CAR(s1) != SCM_CAR(s2)) {
      register SCM l, cs1 = SCM_CAR(s1), cs2 = SCM_CAR(s2);
      
      for (l = SCM_SLOT(targs[i], scm_si_cpl);   ; l = SCM_CDR(l)) {
        if (cs1 == SCM_CAR(l))
          return 1;
        if (cs2 == SCM_CAR(l))
          return 0;
      }
      return 0;/* should not occur! */
    }
  }
  return 0; /* should not occur! */
}

#define BUFFSIZE 32             /* big enough for most uses */

static SCM
scm_i_vector2list (SCM l, int len)
{
  int j;
  SCM z = scm_c_make_vector (len, SCM_UNDEFINED);
  
  for (j = 0; j < len; j++, l = SCM_CDR (l)) {
    SCM_VELTS (z)[j] = SCM_CAR (l);
  }
  return z;
}

static SCM
sort_applicable_methods (SCM method_list, int size, SCM *targs)
{
  int i, j, incr;
  SCM *v, vector = SCM_EOL;
  SCM buffer[BUFFSIZE];
  SCM save = method_list;

  /* For reasonably sized method_lists we can try to avoid all the
   * consing and reorder the list in place...
   * This idea is due to David McClain <Dave_McClain@msn.com>
   */
  if (size <= BUFFSIZE)
    {
      for (i = 0;  i < size; i++)
        {
          buffer[i]   = SCM_CAR (method_list);
          method_list = SCM_CDR (method_list);
        }
      v = buffer;
    } 
  else
    {
      /* Too many elements in method_list to keep everything locally */
      vector = scm_i_vector2list (save, size);
      v      = SCM_VELTS (vector);
    }

  /* Use a simple shell sort since it is generally faster than qsort on 
   * small vectors (which is probably mostly the case when we have to
   * sort a list of applicable methods).
   */
  for (incr = size / 2; incr; incr /= 2)
    {
      for (i = incr; i < size; i++)
        {
          for (j = i - incr; j >= 0; j -= incr)
            {
              if (more_specificp (v[j], v[j+incr], targs))
                break;
              else
                {
                  SCM tmp = v[j + incr];
                  v[j + incr] = v[j];
                  v[j] = tmp;
                }
            }
        }
    }

  if (size <= BUFFSIZE)
    {
      /* We did it in locally, so restore the original list (reordered) in-place */
      for (i = 0, method_list = save; i < size; i++, v++)
        {
          SCM_SETCAR (method_list, *v);
          method_list = SCM_CDR (method_list);
        }
      return save;
    }
  /* If we are here, that's that we did it the hard way... */ 
  return scm_vector_to_list (vector);
}

SCM
scm_compute_applicable_methods (SCM gf, SCM args, int len, int find_method_p)
{
  register int i;
  int count = 0;
  SCM l, fl, applicable = SCM_EOL;
  SCM save = args;
  SCM buffer[BUFFSIZE], *types, *p;
  SCM tmp;
 
  /* Build the list of arguments types */
  if (len >= BUFFSIZE) {
    tmp   = scm_c_make_vector (len, SCM_UNDEFINED);
    /* NOTE: Using pointers to malloced memory won't work if we
       1. have preemtive threading, and,
       2. have a GC which moves objects.  */
    types = p = SCM_VELTS(tmp);
  }
  else
    types = p = buffer;
  
  for (  ; SCM_NNULLP (args); args = SCM_CDR (args)) 
    *p++ = scm_class_of (SCM_CAR (args));
 
  /* Build a list of all applicable methods */
  for (l = SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_methods); SCM_NNULLP (l); l = SCM_CDR (l))
    {
      fl = SPEC_OF (SCM_CAR (l));
      /* Only accept accessors which match exactly in first arg. */
      if (SCM_ACCESSORP (SCM_CAR (l))
          && (SCM_IMP (fl) || types[0] != SCM_CAR (fl)))
        continue;
      for (i = 0; ; i++, fl = SCM_CDR (fl))
        {
          if (SCM_INSTANCEP (fl)
              /* We have a dotted argument list */
              || (i >= len && SCM_NULLP (fl)))
            {   /* both list exhausted */
              applicable = scm_cons (SCM_CAR (l), applicable);
              count     += 1;
              break;
            }
          if (i >= len
              || SCM_NULLP (fl)
              || !applicablep (types[i], SCM_CAR (fl)))
            break;
        }
    }

  if (count == 0)
    {
      if (find_method_p)
        return SCM_BOOL_F;
      CALL_GF2 ("no-applicable-method", gf, save);
      /* if we are here, it's because no-applicable-method hasn't signaled an error */
      return SCM_BOOL_F;
    }
  return (count == 1
          ? applicable
          : sort_applicable_methods (applicable, count, types));
}

#if 0
SCM_PROC (s_sys_compute_applicable_methods, "%compute-applicable-methods", 2, 0, 0, scm_sys_compute_applicable_methods);
#endif

static const char s_sys_compute_applicable_methods[] = "%compute-applicable-methods";

SCM
scm_sys_compute_applicable_methods (SCM gf, SCM args)
#define FUNC_NAME s_sys_compute_applicable_methods
{
  int n;
  SCM_VALIDATE_GENERIC (1, gf);
  n = scm_ilength (args);
  SCM_ASSERT (n >= 0, args, SCM_ARG2, FUNC_NAME);
  return scm_compute_applicable_methods (gf, args, n, 1);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_VCELL_INIT (var_compute_applicable_methods, "compute-applicable-methods", scm_make_gsubr (s_sys_compute_applicable_methods, 2, 0, 0, scm_sys_compute_applicable_methods));

SCM_SYNTAX (s_atslot_ref, "@slot-ref", scm_makmmacro, scm_m_atslot_ref);

SCM
scm_m_atslot_ref (SCM xorig, SCM env)
#define FUNC_NAME s_atslot_ref
{
  SCM x = SCM_CDR (xorig);
  SCM_ASSYNT (scm_ilength (x) == 2, scm_s_expression, FUNC_NAME);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM (SCM_ARG2, SCM_CADR (x));
  return scm_cons (SCM_IM_SLOT_REF, x);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_SYNTAX (s_atslot_set_x, "@slot-set!", scm_makmmacro, scm_m_atslot_set_x);

SCM
scm_m_atslot_set_x (SCM xorig, SCM env)
#define FUNC_NAME s_atslot_set_x
{
  SCM x = SCM_CDR (xorig);
  SCM_ASSYNT (scm_ilength (x) == 3, scm_s_expression, FUNC_NAME);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM (SCM_ARG2, SCM_CADR (x));
  return scm_cons (SCM_IM_SLOT_SET_X, x);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_SYNTAX (s_atdispatch, "@dispatch", scm_makmmacro, scm_m_atdispatch);

SCM_SYMBOL (sym_atdispatch, s_atdispatch);

SCM
scm_m_atdispatch (SCM xorig, SCM env)
#define FUNC_NAME s_atdispatch
{
  SCM args, n, v, gf, x = SCM_CDR (xorig);
  SCM_ASSYNT (scm_ilength (x) == 4, scm_s_expression, FUNC_NAME);
  args = SCM_CAR (x);
  if (!SCM_CONSP (args) && !SCM_SYMBOLP (args))
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, args);
  x = SCM_CDR (x);
  n = SCM_XEVALCAR (x, env);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM (SCM_ARG2, n);
  SCM_ASSERT_RANGE (0, n, SCM_INUM (n) >= 1);
  x = SCM_CDR (x);
  v = SCM_XEVALCAR (x, env);
  SCM_VALIDATE_VECTOR (SCM_ARG3, v);
  x = SCM_CDR (x);
  gf = SCM_XEVALCAR (x, env);
  SCM_VALIDATE_PUREGENERIC (SCM_ARG4, gf);
  return SCM_LIST5 (SCM_IM_DISPATCH, args, n, v, gf);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


#ifdef USE_THREADS
static void
lock_cache_mutex (void *m)
{
  SCM mutex = (SCM) m;
  scm_lock_mutex (mutex);
}

static void
unlock_cache_mutex (void *m)
{
  SCM mutex = (SCM) m;
  scm_unlock_mutex (mutex);
}
#endif

static SCM
call_memoize_method (void *a)
{
  SCM args = (SCM) a;
  SCM gf = SCM_CAR (args);
  SCM x = SCM_CADR (args);
  /* First check if another thread has inserted a method between
   * the cache miss and locking the mutex.
   */
  SCM cmethod = scm_mcache_lookup_cmethod (x, SCM_CDDR (args));
  if (SCM_NIMP (cmethod))
    return cmethod;
  /*fixme* Use scm_apply */
  return CALL_GF3 ("memoize-method!", gf, SCM_CDDR (args), x);
}

SCM
scm_memoize_method (SCM x, SCM args)
{
  SCM gf = SCM_CAR (scm_last_pair (x));
#ifdef USE_THREADS
  return scm_internal_dynamic_wind (lock_cache_mutex,
                                    call_memoize_method,
                                    unlock_cache_mutex,
                                    (void *) scm_cons2 (gf, x, args),
                                    (void *) SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_cache_mutex));
#else
  return call_memoize_method ((void *) scm_cons2 (gf, x, args));
#endif
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * A simple make (which will be redefined later in Scheme)
 * This version handles only creation of gf, methods and classes (no instances)
 *
 * Since this code will disappear when Goops will be fully booted, 
 * no precaution is taken to be efficient.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/

SCM_KEYWORD (k_setter,          "setter");
SCM_KEYWORD (k_specializers,    "specializers");
SCM_KEYWORD (k_procedure,       "procedure");
SCM_KEYWORD (k_dsupers,         "dsupers");
SCM_KEYWORD (k_slots,           "slots");
SCM_KEYWORD (k_gf,              "generic-function");

SCM_DEFINE (scm_make, "make",  0, 0, 1,
            (SCM args),
            "Make a new object.  @var{args} must contain the class and\n"
            "all necessary initialization information.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make
{
  SCM class, z;
  int len = scm_ilength (args);

  if (len <= 0 || (len & 1) == 0)
    SCM_WRONG_NUM_ARGS ();

  class = SCM_CAR(args);
  args  = SCM_CDR(args);

  if (class == scm_class_generic || class == scm_class_generic_with_setter)
    {
#ifdef USE_THREADS
      z = scm_make_struct (class, SCM_INUM0,
                           SCM_LIST4 (SCM_EOL,
                                      SCM_INUM0,
                                      SCM_BOOL_F,
                                      scm_make_mutex ()));
#else
      z = scm_make_struct (class, SCM_INUM0,
                           SCM_LIST3 (SCM_EOL, SCM_INUM0, SCM_BOOL_F));
#endif
      scm_set_procedure_property_x (z, scm_sym_name,
                                    scm_get_keyword (k_name,
                                                     args,
                                                     SCM_BOOL_F));
      clear_method_cache (z);
      if (class == scm_class_generic_with_setter)
        {
          SCM setter = scm_get_keyword (k_setter, args, SCM_BOOL_F);
          if (SCM_NIMP (setter))
            scm_sys_set_object_setter_x (z, setter);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      z = scm_sys_allocate_instance (class, args);

      if (class == scm_class_method
          || class == scm_class_simple_method
          || class == scm_class_accessor)
        {
          SCM_SLOT (z, scm_si_generic_function) =  
            scm_i_get_keyword (k_gf,
                               args,
                               len - 1,
                               SCM_BOOL_F,
                               FUNC_NAME);
          SCM_SLOT (z, scm_si_specializers) =  
            scm_i_get_keyword (k_specializers,
                               args,
                               len - 1,
                               SCM_EOL,
                               FUNC_NAME);
          SCM_SLOT (z, scm_si_procedure) =
            scm_i_get_keyword (k_procedure,
                               args,
                               len - 1,
                               SCM_EOL,
                               FUNC_NAME);
          SCM_SLOT (z, scm_si_code_table) = SCM_EOL;
        }
      else
        {
          /* In all the others case, make a new class .... No instance here */
          SCM_SLOT (z, scm_si_name) = 
            scm_i_get_keyword (k_name,
                               args,
                               len - 1,
                               scm_str2symbol ("???"),
                               FUNC_NAME);
          SCM_SLOT (z, scm_si_direct_supers) = 
            scm_i_get_keyword (k_dsupers,
                               args,
                               len - 1,
                               SCM_EOL,
                               FUNC_NAME);
          SCM_SLOT (z, scm_si_direct_slots)  = 
            scm_i_get_keyword (k_slots,
                               args,
                               len - 1,
                               SCM_EOL,
                               FUNC_NAME);
        }
    }
  return z;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_find_method, "find-method", 0, 0, 1,
            (SCM l),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_find_method
{
  SCM gf;
  int len = scm_ilength (l);

  if (len == 0)
    SCM_WRONG_NUM_ARGS ();

  gf = SCM_CAR(l); l = SCM_CDR(l);
  SCM_VALIDATE_GENERIC (1, gf);
  if (SCM_NULLP (SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_methods)))
    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("no methods for generic ~S", SCM_LIST1 (gf));

  return scm_compute_applicable_methods (gf, l, len - 1, 1);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_method_more_specific_p, "%method-more-specific?", 3, 0, 0,
            (SCM m1, SCM m2, SCM targs),
            "")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_method_more_specific_p
{
  SCM l, v;
  int i, len;

  SCM_VALIDATE_METHOD (1, m1);
  SCM_VALIDATE_METHOD (2, m2);
  SCM_ASSERT ((len = scm_ilength (targs)) != -1, targs, SCM_ARG3, FUNC_NAME);

  /* Verify that all the arguments of targs are classes and place them in a vector*/
  v = scm_c_make_vector (len, SCM_EOL);

  for (i=0, l=targs; SCM_NNULLP(l); i++, l=SCM_CDR(l)) {
    SCM_ASSERT (SCM_CLASSP (SCM_CAR (l)), targs, SCM_ARG3, FUNC_NAME);
    SCM_VELTS(v)[i] = SCM_CAR(l);
  }
  return more_specificp (m1, m2, SCM_VELTS(v)) ? SCM_BOOL_T: SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
  
  

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Initializations 
 *
 ******************************************************************************/


static void
make_stdcls (SCM *var, char *name, SCM meta, SCM super, SCM slots)
{
   SCM tmp = scm_str2symbol (name);
   
   *var = scm_permanent_object (scm_basic_make_class (meta,
                                                      tmp,
                                                      SCM_CONSP (super)
                                                      ? super
                                                      : SCM_LIST1 (super),
                                                      slots));
   DEFVAR(tmp, *var);
}


SCM_KEYWORD (k_slot_definition, "slot-definition");

static void
create_standard_classes (void)
{
  SCM slots;
  SCM method_slots = SCM_LIST4 (scm_str2symbol ("generic-function"), 
                                scm_str2symbol ("specializers"), 
                                scm_str2symbol ("procedure"),
                                scm_str2symbol ("code-table"));
  SCM amethod_slots = SCM_LIST1 (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("slot-definition"),
                                            k_init_keyword,
                                            k_slot_definition));
#ifdef USE_THREADS
  SCM mutex_slot = SCM_LIST1 (scm_str2symbol ("make-mutex"));
#else
  SCM mutex_slot = SCM_BOOL_F;
#endif
  SCM gf_slots = SCM_LIST4 (scm_str2symbol ("methods"),
                            SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("n-specialized"),
                                       k_init_value,
                                       SCM_INUM0),
                            SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("used-by"),
                                       k_init_value,
                                       SCM_BOOL_F),
                            SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("cache-mutex"),
                                       k_init_thunk,
                                       scm_closure (SCM_LIST2 (SCM_EOL,
                                                               mutex_slot),
                                                    SCM_EOL)));

  /* Foreign class slot classes */
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_foreign_slot,    "<foreign-slot>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_protected,       "<protected-slot>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_opaque,          "<opaque-slot>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_read_only,       "<read-only-slot>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_self,            "<self-slot>",
               scm_class_class,
               SCM_LIST2 (scm_class_foreign_slot, scm_class_read_only),
               SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_protected_opaque, "<protected-opaque-slot>",
               scm_class_class,
               SCM_LIST2 (scm_class_protected, scm_class_opaque),
               SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_protected_read_only, "<protected-read-only-slot>",
               scm_class_class,
               SCM_LIST2 (scm_class_protected, scm_class_read_only),
               SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_scm,             "<scm-slot>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_protected, SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_int,             "<int-slot>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_float,           "<float-slot>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_double,          "<double-slot>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);

  /* Continue initialization of class <class> */
  
  slots = build_class_class_slots ();
  SCM_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_slots) = slots;
  SCM_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_slots) = slots;
  SCM_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_getters_n_setters)
    = compute_getters_n_setters (slots);
  
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_foreign_class, "<foreign-class>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_class,
               SCM_LIST2 (SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("constructor"),
                                     k_class,
                                     scm_class_opaque),
                          SCM_LIST3 (scm_str2symbol ("destructor"),
                                     k_class,
                                     scm_class_opaque)));
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_foreign_object,  "<foreign-object>",
               scm_class_foreign_class, scm_class_object,   SCM_EOL);
  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_foreign_object, SCM_CLASSF_FOREIGN);

  /* scm_class_generic functions classes */
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_procedure_class, "<procedure-class>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_class, SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_entity_class,    "<entity-class>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_procedure_class, SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_operator_class,  "<operator-class>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_procedure_class, SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_operator_with_setter_class,
               "<operator-with-setter-class>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_operator_class, SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_method,          "<method>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_object,          method_slots);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_simple_method,   "<simple-method>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_method,          SCM_EOL);
  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_simple_method, SCM_CLASSF_SIMPLE_METHOD);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_accessor,        "<accessor-method>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_simple_method,   amethod_slots);
  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_accessor, SCM_CLASSF_ACCESSOR_METHOD);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_entity,          "<entity>",
               scm_class_entity_class, scm_class_object,   SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_entity_with_setter, "<entity-with-setter>",
               scm_class_entity_class, scm_class_entity,   SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_generic,         "<generic>",
               scm_class_entity_class, scm_class_entity,   gf_slots);
  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_generic, SCM_CLASSF_PURE_GENERIC);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_generic_with_setter, "<generic-with-setter>",
               scm_class_entity_class,
               SCM_LIST2 (scm_class_generic, scm_class_entity_with_setter),
               SCM_EOL);
#if 0
  /* Patch cpl since compute_cpl doesn't support multiple inheritance. */
  SCM_SLOT (scm_class_generic_with_setter, scm_si_cpl) =
    scm_append (SCM_LIST3 (SCM_LIST2 (scm_class_generic_with_setter,
                                      scm_class_generic),
                           SCM_SLOT (scm_class_entity_with_setter,
                                     scm_si_cpl),
                           SCM_EOL));
#endif
  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_generic_with_setter, SCM_CLASSF_PURE_GENERIC);

  /* Primitive types classes */
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_boolean,         "<boolean>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_char,            "<char>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_list,            "<list>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_pair,            "<pair>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_list,            SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_null,            "<null>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_list,            SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_string,          "<string>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_symbol,          "<symbol>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_vector,          "<vector>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_number,          "<number>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_complex,         "<complex>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_number,          SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_real,            "<real>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_complex,         SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_integer,         "<integer>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_real,            SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_keyword,         "<keyword>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_unknown,         "<unknown>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_procedure,       "<procedure>",
               scm_class_procedure_class, scm_class_top,   SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_procedure_with_setter, "<procedure-with-setter>",
               scm_class_procedure_class, scm_class_procedure, SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_primitive_generic, "<primitive-generic>",
               scm_class_procedure_class, scm_class_procedure, SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_port,            "<port>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_input_port,      "<input-port>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_port,            SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_output_port,     "<output-port>",
               scm_class_class, scm_class_port,            SCM_EOL);
  make_stdcls (&scm_class_input_output_port, "<input-output-port>",
               scm_class_class,
               SCM_LIST2 (scm_class_input_port, scm_class_output_port),
               SCM_EOL);
}

/**********************************************************************
 *
 * Smob classes
 *
 **********************************************************************/

static SCM
make_class_from_template (char *template, char *type_name, SCM supers)
{
  SCM class, name;
  if (type_name)
    {
      char buffer[100];
      sprintf (buffer, template, type_name);
      name = scm_str2symbol (buffer);
    }
  else
    name = SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND;

  class = scm_permanent_object (scm_basic_make_class (scm_class_class,
                                                      name,
                                                      supers,
                                                      SCM_EOL));

  /* Only define name if doesn't already exist. */
  if (!SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (name)
      && SCM_FALSEP (scm_apply (scm_goops_lookup_closure,
                                SCM_LIST2 (name, SCM_BOOL_F),
                                SCM_EOL)))
    DEFVAR (name, class);
  return class;
}

SCM
scm_make_extended_class (char *type_name)
{
  return make_class_from_template ("<%s>",
                                   type_name,
                                   SCM_LIST1 (scm_class_top));
}

static void
create_smob_classes (void)
{
  int i;

  scm_smob_class = (SCM *) malloc (255 * sizeof (SCM));
  for (i = 0; i < 255; ++i)
    scm_smob_class[i] = 0;

  scm_smob_class[SCM_TC2SMOBNUM (scm_tc16_big)] = scm_class_integer;
  scm_smob_class[SCM_TC2SMOBNUM (scm_tc16_real)] = scm_class_real;
  scm_smob_class[SCM_TC2SMOBNUM (scm_tc16_complex)] = scm_class_complex;
  scm_smob_class[SCM_TC2SMOBNUM (scm_tc16_keyword)] = scm_class_keyword;
  
  for (i = 0; i < scm_numsmob; ++i)
    if (!scm_smob_class[i])
      scm_smob_class[i] = scm_make_extended_class (SCM_SMOBNAME (i));
}

void
scm_make_port_classes (int ptobnum, char *type_name)
{
  SCM c, class = make_class_from_template ("<%s-port>",
                                           type_name,
                                           SCM_LIST1 (scm_class_port));
  scm_port_class[SCM_IN_PCLASS_INDEX + ptobnum]
    = make_class_from_template ("<%s-input-port>",
                                type_name,
                                SCM_LIST2 (class, scm_class_input_port));
  scm_port_class[SCM_OUT_PCLASS_INDEX + ptobnum]
    = make_class_from_template ("<%s-output-port>",
                                type_name,
                                SCM_LIST2 (class, scm_class_output_port));
  scm_port_class[SCM_INOUT_PCLASS_INDEX + ptobnum]
    = c
    = make_class_from_template ("<%s-input-output-port>",
                                type_name,
                                SCM_LIST2 (class,
                                           scm_class_input_output_port));
  /* Patch cpl (since this tree is too complex for the C level compute-cpl) */
  SCM_SLOT (c, scm_si_cpl)
    = scm_cons2 (c, class, SCM_SLOT (scm_class_input_output_port, scm_si_cpl));
}

static void
create_port_classes (void)
{
  int i;

  scm_port_class = (SCM *) malloc (3 * 256 * sizeof (SCM));
  for (i = 0; i < 3 * 256; ++i)
    scm_port_class[i] = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < scm_numptob; ++i)
    scm_make_port_classes (i, SCM_PTOBNAME (i));
}

static SCM
make_struct_class (void *closure, SCM key, SCM data, SCM prev)
{
  if (SCM_NFALSEP (SCM_STRUCT_TABLE_NAME (data)))
    SCM_SET_STRUCT_TABLE_CLASS (data,
                                scm_make_extended_class
                                (SCM_SYMBOL_CHARS (SCM_STRUCT_TABLE_NAME (data))));
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}

static void
create_struct_classes (void)
{
  scm_internal_hash_fold (make_struct_class, 0, SCM_BOOL_F, scm_struct_table);
}

/**********************************************************************
 *
 * C interface
 *
 **********************************************************************/

void
scm_load_goops ()
{
  if (!goops_loaded_p)
    scm_resolve_module (scm_read_0str ("(oop goops)"));
}


SCM
scm_make_foreign_object (SCM class, SCM initargs)
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make
{
  void * (*constructor) (SCM)
    = (void * (*) (SCM)) SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_constructor);
  if (constructor == 0)
    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Can't make instances of class ~S", SCM_LIST1 (class));
  return scm_wrap_object (class, constructor (initargs));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


static size_t
scm_free_foreign_object (SCM *class, SCM *data)
{
  size_t (*destructor) (void *)
    = (size_t (*) (void *)) class[scm_si_destructor];
  return destructor (data);
}

SCM
scm_make_class (SCM meta, char *s_name, SCM supers, size_t size,
                void * (*constructor) (SCM initargs),
                size_t (*destructor) (void *))
{
  SCM name, class;
  name = scm_str2symbol (s_name);
  if (SCM_IMP (supers))
    supers = SCM_LIST1 (scm_class_foreign_object);
  class = scm_basic_basic_make_class (meta, name, supers, SCM_EOL);
  scm_sys_inherit_magic_x (class, supers);

  if (destructor != 0)
    {
      SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_destructor) = (SCM) destructor;
      SCM_SET_CLASS_DESTRUCTOR (class, scm_free_foreign_object);
    }
  else if (size > 0)
    {
      SCM_SET_CLASS_DESTRUCTOR (class, scm_struct_free_light);
      SCM_SET_CLASS_INSTANCE_SIZE (class, size);
    }
  
  SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_layout) = scm_str2symbol ("");
  SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_constructor) = (SCM) constructor;

  return class;
}

SCM_SYMBOL (sym_o, "o");
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_x, "x");

SCM_KEYWORD (k_accessor, "accessor");
SCM_KEYWORD (k_getter, "getter");

static SCM
default_setter (SCM obj, SCM c)
{
  scm_misc_error ("slot-set!", "read-only slot", SCM_EOL);
  return 0;
}

void
scm_add_slot (SCM class, char *slot_name, SCM slot_class,
              SCM (*getter) (SCM obj),
              SCM (*setter) (SCM obj, SCM x),
              char *accessor_name)
{
  {
    SCM get = scm_make_subr_opt ("goops:get", scm_tc7_subr_1, getter, 0);
    SCM set = scm_make_subr_opt ("goops:set", scm_tc7_subr_2,
                                 setter ? setter : default_setter, 0);
    SCM getm = scm_closure (SCM_LIST2 (SCM_LIST1 (sym_o),
                                       SCM_LIST2 (get, sym_o)),
                            SCM_EOL);
    SCM setm = scm_closure (SCM_LIST2 (SCM_LIST2 (sym_o, sym_x),
                                       SCM_LIST3 (set, sym_o, sym_x)),
                            SCM_EOL);
    {
      SCM name = scm_str2symbol (slot_name);
      SCM aname = scm_str2symbol (accessor_name);
      SCM gf = scm_ensure_accessor (aname);
      SCM slot = SCM_LIST5 (name,
                            k_class, slot_class,
                            setter ? k_accessor : k_getter,
                            gf);
      SCM gns = SCM_LIST4 (name, SCM_BOOL_F, get, set);

      scm_add_method (gf, scm_make (SCM_LIST5 (scm_class_accessor,
                                               k_specializers,
                                               SCM_LIST1 (class),
                                               k_procedure, getm)));
      scm_add_method (scm_setter (gf),
                      scm_make (SCM_LIST5 (scm_class_accessor,
                                           k_specializers,
                                           SCM_LIST2 (class,
                                                      scm_class_top),
                                           k_procedure, setm)));
      DEFVAR (aname, gf);
      
      SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_slots)
        = scm_append_x (SCM_LIST2 (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_slots),
                                   SCM_LIST1 (slot)));
      SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_getters_n_setters)
        = scm_append_x (SCM_LIST2 (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_getters_n_setters),
                                   SCM_LIST1 (gns)));
    }
  }
  {  
    int n = SCM_INUM (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields));

    SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields)
      = SCM_MAKINUM (n + 1);
  }
}

SCM
scm_wrap_object (SCM class, void *data)
{
  SCM z;
  SCM_NEWCELL2 (z);
  SCM_SETCDR (z, (SCM) data);
  SCM_SET_STRUCT_GC_CHAIN (z, 0);
  SCM_SETCAR (z, SCM_UNPACK (SCM_CDR (class)) | scm_tc3_cons_gloc);
  return z;
}

SCM scm_components;

SCM
scm_wrap_component (SCM class, SCM container, void *data)
{
  SCM obj = scm_wrap_object (class, data);
  SCM handle = scm_hash_fn_create_handle_x (scm_components,
                                            obj,
                                            SCM_BOOL_F,
                                            scm_struct_ihashq,
                                            scm_sloppy_assq,
                                            0);
  SCM_SETCDR (handle, container);
  return obj;
}

SCM
scm_ensure_accessor (SCM name)
{
  SCM gf = scm_apply (SCM_TOP_LEVEL_LOOKUP_CLOSURE,
                      SCM_LIST2 (name, SCM_BOOL_F),
                      SCM_EOL);
  if (!SCM_IS_A_P (gf, scm_class_generic_with_setter))
    {
      gf = scm_make (SCM_LIST3 (scm_class_generic, k_name, name));
      gf = scm_make (SCM_LIST5 (scm_class_generic_with_setter,
                                k_name, name,
                                k_setter, gf));
    }
  return gf;
}

SCM_SYMBOL (sym_internal_add_method_x, "internal-add-method!");

void
scm_add_method (SCM gf, SCM m)
{
  scm_eval (SCM_LIST3 (sym_internal_add_method_x, gf, m), scm_module_goops);
}

#ifdef GUILE_DEBUG
/*
 * Debugging utilities
 */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_pure_generic_p, "pure-generic?", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM obj),
            "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} is a pure generic.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_pure_generic_p
{
  return SCM_BOOL (SCM_PUREGENERICP (obj));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#endif /* GUILE_DEBUG */

/*
 * Initialization
 */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_goops_loaded, "%goops-loaded", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
            "Announce that GOOPS is loaded and perform initialization\n"
            "on the C level which depends on the loaded GOOPS modules.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_goops_loaded
{
  goops_loaded_p = 1;
  var_compute_applicable_methods
    = SCM_CDR (scm_apply (scm_goops_lookup_closure,
                          SCM_LIST2 (SCM_CAR (var_compute_applicable_methods),
                                     SCM_BOOL_F),
                          SCM_EOL));
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM scm_module_goops;

void
scm_init_goops (void)
{
  SCM old_module;
  scm_module_goops = scm_make_module (scm_read_0str ("(oop goops)"));
  old_module = scm_set_current_module (scm_module_goops);
  
  scm_goops_lookup_closure = scm_module_lookup_closure (scm_module_goops);

  /* Not really necessary right now, but who knows... 
   */
  scm_permanent_object (scm_module_goops);
  scm_permanent_object (scm_goops_lookup_closure);

  scm_components = scm_permanent_object (scm_make_weak_key_hash_table
                                         (SCM_MAKINUM (37)));

  goops_rstate = scm_c_make_rstate ("GOOPS", 5);

#ifndef SCM_MAGIC_SNARFER
#include "libguile/goops.x"
#endif

  list_of_no_method = scm_permanent_object (SCM_LIST1 (sym_no_method));

  hell = scm_must_malloc (hell_size, "hell");
#ifdef USE_THREADS
  scm_mutex_init (&hell_mutex);
#endif

  create_basic_classes ();
  create_standard_classes ();
  create_smob_classes ();
  create_struct_classes ();
  create_port_classes ();

  {
    SCM name = scm_str2symbol ("no-applicable-method");
    scm_no_applicable_method
      = scm_permanent_object (scm_make (SCM_LIST3 (scm_class_generic,
                                                   k_name,
                                                   name)));
    DEFVAR (name, scm_no_applicable_method);
  }
  
  scm_set_current_module (old_module);
}

void
scm_init_oop_goops_goopscore_module ()
{
  scm_register_module_xxx ("oop goops goopscore", (void *) scm_init_goops);
}

/*
  Local Variables:
  c-file-style: "gnu"
  End:
*/