@c Version of the manual and of Emacs.
@c Please remember to update the edition number in README as well.
@set VERSION 2.9
-@set EMACSVER 22.0.93
+@set EMACSVER 22.1.50
@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
* Elisp: (elisp). The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
@end direntry
-@c So that anyone making the printed manual gets the version we have
-@c tuned to avoid bad line breaks, etc.
+@c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a
+@c copy of this manual that will be published. The manual should go
+@c onto the distribution in the full, 8.5 x 11" size.
+@c set smallbook
+
+@ifset smallbook
@smallbook
+@end ifset
@c per rms and peterb, use 10pt fonts for the main text, mostly to
-@c save on paper cost. Also, do not declare @setchapternewpage odd,
-@c for the same reason. Do this inside @tex for now, so the
-@c last-released makeinfo does not complain.
+@c save on paper cost.
+@c Do this inside @tex for now, so current makeinfo does not complain.
@tex
+@ifset smallbook
@fonttextsize 10
-\global\hbadness=6000 % don't worry about not-too-underfull boxes
+@set EMACSVER 22.1
+\global\let\urlcolor=\Black % don't print links in grayscale
+\global\let\linkcolor=\Black
+@end ifset
+\global\hbadness=6666 % don't worry about not-too-underfull boxes
@end tex
@c Combine indices.
@c @syncodeindex tp fn
@copying
-This is edition @value{VERSION} of the GNU Emacs Lisp
-Reference Manual, corresponding to Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
+This is edition @value{VERSION} of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual,@*
+corresponding to Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998,
1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software
Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.''
-(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
-this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
-Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
+(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You are free to copy and modify
+this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in
+developing GNU and promoting software freedom.''
@end quotation
@end copying
@titlepage
@title GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
@subtitle For Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}
-@subtitle Revision @value{VERSION}, January 2002
+@subtitle Revision @value{VERSION}, April 2007
@author by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, Richard Stallman
@author and the GNU Manual Group
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
@insertcopying
-@sp 1
+@sp 2
Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor @*
Boston, MA 02110-1301 @*
USA @*
ISBN 1-882114-74-4
-@sp 1
+@sp 2
Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
@end titlepage
* New Symbols:: New functions and variables in Emacs @value{EMACSVER}.
@end ignore
-Detailed Node Listing
----------------------
+@c Do NOT modify the following 3 lines! They must have this form to
+@c be correctly identified by `texinfo-multiple-files-update'. In
+@c particular, the detailed menu header line MUST be identical to the
+@c value of `texinfo-master-menu-header'. See texnfo-upd.el.
+
+@detailmenu
+ --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
+ ---------------------------------
Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
Format of Descriptions
-* A Sample Function Description::
-* A Sample Variable Description::
+* A Sample Function Description:: A description of an imaginary
+ function, @code{foo}.
+* A Sample Variable Description:: A description of an imaginary
+ variable, @code{electric-future-map}.
Lisp Data Types
* Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
functions.
+Character Type
+
+* Basic Char Syntax:: Syntax for regular characters.
+* General Escape Syntax:: How to specify characters by their codes.
+* Ctl-Char Syntax:: Syntax for control characters.
+* Meta-Char Syntax:: Syntax for meta-characters.
+* Other Char Bits:: Syntax for hyper-, super-, and alt-characters.
+
Cons Cell and List Types
* Box Diagrams:: Drawing pictures of lists.
* Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists.
* Association List Type:: A specially constructed list.
+String Type
+
+* Syntax for Strings:: How to specify Lisp strings.
+* Non-ASCII in Strings:: International characters in strings.
+* Nonprinting Characters:: Literal unprintable characters in strings.
+* Text Props and Strings:: Strings with text properties.
+
Editing Types
* Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing.
* Marker Type:: A position in a buffer.
* Window Type:: What makes buffers visible.
* Frame Type:: Windows subdivide frames.
-* Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like.
-* Frame Configuration Type::Recording the status of all frames.
+* Window Configuration Type:: Recording the way a frame is subdivided.
+* Frame Configuration Type:: Recording the status of all frames.
* Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS.
* Stream Type:: Receive or send characters.
* Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes.
Numbers
-* Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers.
-* Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point.
-* Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers.
-* Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates.
-* Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa.
-* Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
-* Rounding Operations:: Explicitly rounding floating point numbers.
-* Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting.
-* Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
-* Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
+* Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers.
+* Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point.
+* Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers.
+* Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates.
+* Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa.
+* Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
+* Rounding Operations:: Explicitly rounding floating point numbers.
+* Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting.
+* Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
+* Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
Strings and Characters
* Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings.
* Modifying Strings:: Altering the contents of an existing string.
* Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings.
-* String Conversion:: Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
+* String Conversion:: Converting characters to strings and vice versa.
* Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: Emacs's analogue of @code{printf}.
* Case Conversion:: Case conversion functions.
-* Case Tables:: Customizing case conversion.
+* Case Tables:: Customizing case conversion.
Lists
* List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists.
* List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list.
* Building Lists:: Creating list structure.
+* List Variables:: Modifying lists stored in variables.
* Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list.
* Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
* Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
* Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
* Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp.
* Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays.
-* Vectors:: Functions specifically for vectors.
+* Vectors:: Special characteristics of Emacs Lisp vectors.
* Vector Functions:: Functions specifically for vectors.
* Char-Tables:: How to work with char-tables.
* Bool-Vectors:: How to work with bool-vectors.
* Property Lists:: Each symbol has a property list
for recording miscellaneous information.
+Property Lists
+
+* Plists and Alists:: Comparison of the advantages of property
+ lists and association lists.
+* Symbol Plists:: Functions to access symbols' property lists.
+* Other Plists:: Accessing property lists stored elsewhere.
+
Evaluation
* Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things.
Don't hide the user's variables.
* Indenting Macros:: Specifying how to indent macro calls.
+Common Problems Using Macros
+
+* Wrong Time:: Do the work in the expansion, not in the macro.
+* Argument Evaluation:: The expansion should evaluate each macro arg once.
+* Surprising Local Vars:: Local variable bindings in the expansion
+ require special care.
+* Eval During Expansion:: Don't evaluate them; put them in the expansion.
+* Repeated Expansion:: Avoid depending on how many times expansion is done.
+
Writing Customization Definitions
* Common Keywords:: Common keyword arguments for all kinds of
* Variable Definitions:: Declaring user options.
* Customization Types:: Specifying the type of a user option.
+Customization Types
+
+* Simple Types:: Simple customization types: sexp, integer, number,
+ string, file, directory, alist.
+* Composite Types:: Build new types from other types or data.
+* Splicing into Lists:: Splice elements into list with @code{:inline}.
+* Type Keywords:: Keyword-argument pairs in a customization type.
+* Defining New Types:: Give your type a name.
+
Loading
* How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
in various ways.
* Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
+Input Events
+
+* Keyboard Events:: Ordinary characters--keys with symbols on them.
+* Function Keys:: Function keys--keys with names, not symbols.
+* Mouse Events:: Overview of mouse events.
+* Click Events:: Pushing and releasing a mouse button.
+* Drag Events:: Moving the mouse before releasing the button.
+* Button-Down Events:: A button was pushed and not yet released.
+* Repeat Events:: Double and triple click (or drag, or down).
+* Motion Events:: Just moving the mouse, not pushing a button.
+* Focus Events:: Moving the mouse between frames.
+* Misc Events:: Other events the system can generate.
+* Event Examples:: Examples of the lists for mouse events.
+* Classifying Events:: Finding the modifier keys in an event symbol.
+* Accessing Events:: Functions to extract info from events.
+* Strings of Events:: Special considerations for putting
+ keyboard character events in a string.
+
+Reading Input
+
+* Key Sequence Input:: How to read one key sequence.
+* Reading One Event:: How to read just one event.
+* Event Mod:: How Emacs modifies events as they are read.
+* Invoking the Input Method:: How reading an event uses the input method.
+* Quoted Character Input:: Asking the user to specify a character.
+* Event Input Misc:: How to reread or throw away input events.
+
Keymaps
-* Key Sequences:: Key sequences as Lisp objects.
-* Keymap Basics:: Basic concepts of keymaps.
-* Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
-* Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps.
-* Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings
- of another keymap.
-* Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
-* Active Keymaps:: Each buffer has a local keymap
- to override the standard (global) bindings.
- Each minor mode can also override them.
-* Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works.
+* Key Sequences:: Key sequences as Lisp objects.
+* Keymap Basics:: Basic concepts of keymaps.
+* Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
+* Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps.
+* Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings
+ of another keymap.
+* Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
+* Active Keymaps:: How Emacs searches the active keymaps
+ for a key binding.
+* Searching Keymaps:: A pseudo-Lisp summary of searching active maps.
+* Controlling Active Maps:: Each buffer has a local keymap
+ to override the standard (global) bindings.
+ A minor mode can also override them.
+* Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works.
* Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup.
-* Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap.
-* Remapping Commands:: A keymap can translate one command to another.
-* Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
-* Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
-* Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X
- or for use from the terminal.
-* Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps.
+* Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap.
+* Remapping Commands:: A keymap can translate one command to another.
+* Translation Keymaps:: Keymaps for translating sequences of events.
+* Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
+* Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
+* Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X
+ or for use from the terminal.
+* Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps.
Major and Minor Modes
* Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between
Emacs sessions.
+Menu Keymaps
+
+* Defining Menus:: How to make a keymap that defines a menu.
+* Mouse Menus:: How users actuate the menu with the mouse.
+* Keyboard Menus:: How users actuate the menu with the keyboard.
+* Menu Example:: Making a simple menu.
+* Menu Bar:: How to customize the menu bar.
+* Tool Bar:: A tool bar is a row of images.
+* Modifying Menus:: How to add new items to a menu.
+
+Defining Menus
+
+* Simple Menu Items:: A simple kind of menu key binding,
+ limited in capabilities.
+* Extended Menu Items:: More powerful menu item definitions
+ let you specify keywords to enable
+ various features.
+* Menu Separators:: Drawing a horizontal line through a menu.
+* Alias Menu Items:: Using command aliases in menu items.
+
+Major and Minor Modes
+
+* Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that provides hooks.
+* Major Modes:: Defining major modes.
+* Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes.
+* Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
+* Imenu:: How a mode can provide a menu
+ of definitions in the buffer.
+* Font Lock Mode:: How modes can highlight text according to syntax.
+* Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between
+ Emacs sessions.
+
Major Modes
* Major Mode Basics::
* Header Lines:: Like a mode line, but at the top.
* Emulating Mode Line:: Formatting text as the mode line would.
+Font Lock Mode
+
+* Font Lock Basics:: Overview of customizing Font Lock.
+* Search-based Fontification:: Fontification based on regexps.
+* Customizing Keywords:: Customizing search-based fontification.
+* Other Font Lock Variables:: Additional customization facilities.
+* Levels of Font Lock:: Each mode can define alternative levels
+ so that the user can select more or less.
+* Precalculated Fontification:: How Lisp programs that produce the buffer
+ contents can also specify how to fontify it.
+* Faces for Font Lock:: Special faces specifically for Font Lock.
+* Syntactic Font Lock:: Fontification based on syntax tables.
+* Setting Syntax Properties:: Defining character syntax based on context
+ using the Font Lock mechanism.
+* Multiline Font Lock:: How to coerce Font Lock into properly
+ highlighting multiline constructs.
+
+Multiline Font Lock Constructs
+
+* Font Lock Multiline:: Marking multiline chunks with a text property
+* Region to Fontify:: Controlling which region gets refontified
+ after a buffer change.
+
Documentation
* Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings.
* Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A symbolic link?
* Truenames:: Eliminating symbolic links from a file name.
* File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc.
+* Locating Files:: How to find a file in standard places.
File Names
is visited.
* Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
* Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed
- "behind Emacs's back".
+ ``behind Emacs's back''.
* Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a
read-only buffer.
* The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers.
* Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in.
* Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows.
* Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
-* Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
+* Displaying Buffers:: Higher-level functions for displaying a buffer
and choosing a window for it.
* Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer.
* Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point.
* Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window.
* Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window.
* Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows.
+* Window Tree:: The layout and sizes of all windows in a frame.
* Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
* Window Hooks:: Hooks for scrolling, window size changes,
redisplay going past a certain point,
Frames
* Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames.
-* Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other X displays.
+* Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other displays.
* Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
* Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles.
* Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted.
* Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
* Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame.
* Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
-* Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
+* Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other windows;
lowering it puts it underneath the others.
* Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames.
* Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves.
* Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no.
* Pointer Shape:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer.
* Window System Selections::Transferring text to and from other windows.
+* Drag and Drop:: Internals of Drag-and-Drop implementation.
* Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names.
* Text Terminal Colors:: Defining colors for text-only terminals.
* Resources:: Getting resource values from the server.
* Display Feature Testing:: Determining the features of a terminal.
+Frame Parameters
+
+* Parameter Access:: How to change a frame's parameters.
+* Initial Parameters:: Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame.
+* Window Frame Parameters:: List of frame parameters for window systems.
+* Size and Position:: Changing the size and position of a frame.
+* Geometry:: Parsing geometry specifications.
+
+Window Frame Parameters
+
+* Basic Parameters:: Parameters that are fundamental.
+* Position Parameters:: The position of the frame on the screen.
+* Size Parameters:: Frame's size.
+* Layout Parameters:: Size of parts of the frame, and
+ enabling or disabling some parts.
+* Buffer Parameters:: Which buffers have been or should be shown.
+* Management Parameters:: Communicating with the window manager.
+* Cursor Parameters:: Controlling the cursor appearance.
+* Color Parameters:: Colors of various parts of the frame.
+
Positions
* Point:: The special position where editing takes place.
* Format Properties:: Properties for representing formatting of text.
* Sticky Properties:: How inserted text gets properties from
neighboring text.
-* Saving Properties:: Saving text properties in files, and reading
- them back.
* Lazy Properties:: Computing text properties in a lazy fashion
only when text is examined.
* Clickable Text:: Using text properties to make regions of text
* Selecting a Representation:: Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi.
* Character Codes:: How unibyte and multibyte relate to
codes of individual characters.
-* Character Sets:: The space of possible characters codes
+* Character Sets:: The space of possible character codes
is divided into various character sets.
* Chars and Bytes:: More information about multibyte encodings.
* Splitting Characters:: Converting a character to its byte sequence.
non-ASCII characters without special keyboards.
* Locales:: Interacting with the POSIX locale.
+Coding Systems
+
+* Coding System Basics:: Basic concepts.
+* Encoding and I/O:: How file I/O functions handle coding systems.
+* Lisp and Coding Systems:: Functions to operate on coding system names.
+* User-Chosen Coding Systems:: Asking the user to choose a coding system.
+* Default Coding Systems:: Controlling the default choices.
+* Specifying Coding Systems:: Requesting a particular coding system
+ for a single file operation.
+* Explicit Encoding:: Encoding or decoding text without doing I/O.
+* Terminal I/O Encoding:: Use of encoding for terminal I/O.
+* MS-DOS File Types:: How DOS "text" and "binary" files
+ relate to coding systems.
+
Searching and Matching
* String Search:: Search for an exact match.
* Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax.
* Regexp Functions:: Functions for operating on regular expressions.
+Syntax of Regular Expressions
+
+* Regexp Special:: Special characters in regular expressions.
+* Char Classes:: Character classes used in regular expressions.
+* Regexp Backslash:: Backslash-sequences in regular expressions.
+
+The Match Data
+
+* Replacing Match:: Replacing a substring that was matched.
+* Simple Match Data:: Accessing single items of match data,
+ such as where a particular subexpression started.
+* Entire Match Data:: Accessing the entire match data at once, as a list.
+* Saving Match Data:: Saving and restoring the match data.
+
Syntax Tables
* Syntax Basics:: Basic concepts of syntax tables.
* Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes.
* Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have.
+Parsing Expressions
+
+* Motion via Parsing:: Motion functions that work by parsing.
+* Position Parse:: Determining the syntactic state of a position.
+* Parser State:: How Emacs represents a syntactic state.
+* Low-Level Parsing:: Parsing across a specified region.
+* Control Parsing:: Parameters that affect parsing.
+
Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
* Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation.
* Decoding Output:: Filters can get unibyte or multibyte strings.
* Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives.
+Low-Level Network Access
+
+* Proc: Network Processes. Using @code{make-network-process}.
+* Options: Network Options. Further control over network connections.
+* Features: Network Feature Testing.
+ Determining which network features work on
+ the machine you are using.
+
+Packing and Unpacking Byte Arrays
+
+* Bindat Spec:: Describing data layout.
+* Bindat Functions:: Doing the unpacking and packing.
+* Bindat Examples:: Samples of what bindat.el can do for you!
+
Emacs Display
* Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
* Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
* Window Systems:: Which window system is being used.
+The Echo Area
+
+* Displaying Messages:: Explicitly displaying text in the echo area.
+* Progress:: Informing user about progress of a long operation.
+* Logging Messages:: Echo area messages are logged for the user.
+* Echo Area Customization:: Controlling the echo area.
+
+Reporting Warnings
+
+* Warning Basics:: Warnings concepts and functions to report them.
+* Warning Variables:: Variables programs bind to customize their warnings.
+* Warning Options:: Variables users set to control display of warnings.
+
+Overlays
+
+* Managing Overlays:: Creating and moving overlays.
+* Overlay Properties:: How to read and set properties.
+ What properties do to the screen display.
+* Finding Overlays:: Searching for overlays.
+
+Faces
+
+* Defining Faces:: How to define a face with @code{defface}.
+* Face Attributes:: What is in a face?
+* Attribute Functions:: Functions to examine and set face attributes.
+* Displaying Faces:: How Emacs combines the faces specified for
+ a character.
+* Font Selection:: Finding the best available font for a face.
+* Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces.
+* Auto Faces:: Hook for automatic face assignment.
+* Font Lookup:: Looking up the names of available fonts
+ and information about them.
+* Fontsets:: A fontset is a collection of fonts
+ that handle a range of character sets.
+
+Fringes
+
+* Fringe Size/Pos:: Specifying where to put the window fringes.
+* Fringe Indicators:: Displaying indicator icons in the window fringes.
+* Fringe Cursors:: Displaying cursors in the right fringe.
+* Fringe Bitmaps:: Specifying bitmaps for fringe indicators.
+* Customizing Bitmaps:: Specifying your own bitmaps to use in the fringes.
+* Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position.
+
+The @code{display} Property
+
+* Specified Space:: Displaying one space with a specified width.
+* Pixel Specification:: Specifying space width or height in pixels.
+* Other Display Specs:: Displaying an image; magnifying text; moving it
+ up or down on the page; adjusting the width
+ of spaces within text.
+* Display Margins:: Displaying text or images to the side of
+ the main text.
+
+Images
+
+* Image Descriptors:: How to specify an image for use in @code{:display}.
+* XBM Images:: Special features for XBM format.
+* XPM Images:: Special features for XPM format.
+* GIF Images:: Special features for GIF format.
+* PostScript Images:: Special features for PostScript format.
+* Other Image Types:: Various other formats are supported.
+* Defining Images:: Convenient ways to define an image for later use.
+* Showing Images:: Convenient ways to display an image once
+ it is defined.
+* Image Cache:: Internal mechanisms of image display.
+
+Buttons
+
+* Button Properties:: Button properties with special meanings.
+* Button Types:: Defining common properties for classes of buttons.
+* Making Buttons:: Adding buttons to Emacs buffers.
+* Manipulating Buttons:: Getting and setting properties of buttons.
+* Button Buffer Commands:: Buffer-wide commands and bindings for buttons.
+
+Abstract Display
+
+* Abstract Display Functions:: Functions in the Ewoc package.
+* Abstract Display Example:: Example of using Ewoc.
+
+Display Tables
+
+* Display Table Format:: What a display table consists of.
+* Active Display Table:: How Emacs selects a display table to use.
+* Glyphs:: How to define a glyph, and what glyphs mean.
+
Operating System Interface
* Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
* Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time.
* Idle Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function when Emacs has
been idle for a certain length of time.
-* Terminal Input:: Accessing and recordingo terminal input.
+* Terminal Input:: Accessing and recording terminal input.
* Terminal Output:: Controlling and recording terminal output.
* Sound Output:: Playing sounds on the computer's speaker.
* X11 Keysyms:: Operating on key symbols for X Windows
* Startup Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
* Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
* Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
-* Command-Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed,
+* Command-Line Arguments:: How command-line arguments are processed,
and how you can customize them.
-Getting out of Emacs
+Getting Out of Emacs
* Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
* Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly.
+Terminal Input
+
+* Input Modes:: Options for how input is processed.
+* Recording Input:: Saving histories of recent or all input events.
+
Tips and Conventions
* Coding Conventions:: Conventions for clean and robust programs.
-* Key Binding Conventions:: Which keys should be bound by which programs.
-* Programming Tips:: Making Emacs code fit smoothly in Emacs.
-* Compilation Tips:: Making compiled code run fast.
-* Warning Tips:: Turning off compiler warnings.
+* Key Binding Conventions:: Which keys should be bound by which programs.
+* Programming Tips:: Making Emacs code fit smoothly in Emacs.
+* Compilation Tips:: Making compiled code run fast.
+* Warning Tips:: Turning off compiler warnings.
* Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings.
* Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments.
* Library Headers:: Standard headers for library packages.
GNU Emacs Internals
-* Building Emacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs.
+* Building Emacs:: How the dumped Emacs is made.
* Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
* Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
* Memory Usage:: Info about total size of Lisp objects made so far.
* Buffer Internals:: Components of a buffer structure.
* Window Internals:: Components of a window structure.
* Process Internals:: Components of a process structure.
+@end detailmenu
@end menu
@include intro.texi
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff