@c Copyright (C) 1990-1995, 1998-1999, 2001-2012
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
-@setfilename ../../info/windows
@node Windows, Frames, Buffers, Top
@chapter Windows
middle of a buffer and repeatedly call @code{scroll-down}, you will
eventually see the beginning of the buffer.
- Some people have urged that the opposite convention be used: they
+ Unfortunately, this sometimes causes confusion, because some people
+tend to think in terms of the opposite convention: they
imagine the window moving over text that remains in place, so that
``down'' commands take you to the end of the buffer. This convention
is consistent with fact that such a command is bound to a key named
-@key{PageDown} on modern keyboards. We have not switched to this
-convention as that is likely to break existing Emacs Lisp code.
+@key{PageDown} on modern keyboards.
+@ignore
+We have not switched to this convention as that is likely to break
+existing Emacs Lisp code.
+@end ignore
Textual scrolling functions (aside from @code{scroll-other-window})
have unpredictable results if the current buffer is not the one
This function scrolls backward by @var{count} lines in the selected
window.
-If @var{count} is negative, it scrolls forward instead. If
-@var{count} is omitted or @code{nil}, the distance scrolled is
-@code{next-screen-context-lines} lines less than the height of the
-window's text area.
-
-If the selected window cannot be scrolled any further, this function
-signals an error. Otherwise, it returns @code{nil}.
+If @var{count} is negative, it scrolls forward instead. In other
+respects, it behaves the same way as @code{scroll-up} does.
@end deffn
@deffn Command scroll-up-command &optional count
window.
When the selected window is the minibuffer, the next window is normally
-the one at the top left corner. You can specify a different window to
-scroll, when the minibuffer is selected, by setting the variable
+the leftmost one immediately above it. You can specify a different
+window to scroll, when the minibuffer is selected, by setting the variable
@code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. This variable has no effect when any
other window is selected. When it is non-@code{nil} and the
minibuffer is selected, it takes precedence over
@code{scroll-other-window} attempts to scroll the minibuffer. If the
minibuffer contains just one line, it has nowhere to scroll to, so the
line reappears after the echo area momentarily displays the message
-@samp{Beginning of buffer}.
+@samp{End of buffer}.
@end deffn
@defvar other-window-scroll-buffer
point @var{count} lines down from the top of the window. If
@var{count} is a negative number, then it counts upward from the
bottom of the window, so that @minus{}1 stands for the last usable
-line in the window. If @var{count} is a non-@code{nil} list, then it
-stands for the line in the middle of the window.
+line in the window.
-If @var{count} is @code{nil}, @code{recenter} puts the line containing
-point in the middle of the window, then clears and redisplays the entire
-selected frame.
+If @var{count} is @code{nil} (or a non-@code{nil} list),
+@code{recenter} puts the line containing point in the middle of the
+window. If @var{count} is @code{nil}, this function may redraw the
+frame, according to the value of @code{recenter-redisplay}.
When @code{recenter} is called interactively, @var{count} is the raw
prefix argument. Thus, typing @kbd{C-u} as the prefix sets the
top.
With an argument of zero, @code{recenter} positions the current line at
-the top of the window. This action is so handy that some people make a
-separate key binding to do this. For example,
+the top of the window. The command @code{recenter-top-bottom} offers
+a more convenient way to achieve this.
+@end deffn
-@example
-@group
-(defun line-to-top-of-window ()
- "Scroll current line to top of window.
-Replaces three keystroke sequence C-u 0 C-l."
- (interactive)
- (recenter 0))
+@defopt recenter-redisplay
+If this variable is non-@code{nil}, calling @code{recenter} with a
+@code{nil} argument redraws the frame. The default value is
+@code{tty}, which means only redraw the frame if it is a tty frame.
+@end defopt
-(global-set-key [kp-multiply] 'line-to-top-of-window)
-@end group
-@end example
+@deffn Command recenter-top-bottom &optional count
+This command, which is the default binding for @kbd{C-l}, acts like
+@code{recenter}, except if called with no argument. In that case,
+successive calls place point according to the cycling order defined
+by the variable @code{recenter-positions}.
@end deffn
+@defopt recenter-positions
+This variable controls how @code{recenter-top-bottom} behaves when
+called with no argument. The default value is @code{(middle top
+bottom)}, which means that successive calls of
+@code{recenter-top-bottom} with no argument cycle between placing
+point at the middle, top, and bottom of the window.
+@end defopt
+
+
@node Vertical Scrolling
@section Vertical Fractional Scrolling
@cindex vertical fractional scrolling
@defun coordinates-in-window-p coordinates window
This function checks whether a window @var{window} occupies the
-frame-relative coordinates @var{coordinates}, and if so which part of
+frame-relative coordinates @var{coordinates}, and if so, which part of
the window that is. @var{window} should be a live window.
@var{coordinates} should be a cons cell of the form @code{(@var{x}
. @var{y})}, where @var{x} and @var{y} are frame-relative coordinates.
You can bring back an entire frame layout by restoring a previously
saved window configuration. If you want to record the layout of all
frames instead of just one, use a frame configuration instead of a
-window configuration; see @ref{Frame Configurations}.
+window configuration. @xref{Frame Configurations}.
@defun current-window-configuration &optional frame
This function returns a new object representing @var{frame}'s current
window configuration. The default for @var{frame} is the selected
frame. The variable @code{window-persistent-parameters} specifies
-whether and which window parameters are saved by this function, see
-@ref{Window Parameters} for details.
+which window parameters (if any) are saved by this function.
+@xref{Window Parameters}.
@end defun
@defun set-window-configuration configuration
know how to tell whether the new configuration actually differs from the
old one.
-If the frame which @var{configuration} was saved from is dead, all this
+If the frame from which @var{configuration} was saved is dead, all this
function does is restore the three variables @code{window-min-height},
@code{window-min-width} and @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. In this
case, the function returns @code{nil}. Otherwise, it returns @code{t}.
The objects returned by @code{current-window-configuration} die
together with the Emacs process. In order to store a window
-configuration on disk and read it back in another Emacs session, the
-functions described next can be used. These functions are also useful
+configuration on disk and read it back in another Emacs session, you
+can use the functions described next. These functions are also useful
to clone the state of a frame into an arbitrary live window
(@code{set-window-configuration} effectively clones the windows of a
frame into the root window of that very frame only).
Together, the argument @var{writable} and the variable
@code{window-persistent-parameters} specify which window parameters are
-saved by this function, see @ref{Window Parameters} for details.
+saved by this function. @xref{Window Parameters}.
@end defun
The value returned by @code{window-state-get} can be used in the same
session to make a clone of a window in another window. It can be also
written to disk and read back in another session. In either case, use
-the function described next to restore the state of the window.
+the following function to restore the state of the window.
@defun window-state-put state &optional window ignore
This function puts the window state @var{state} into @var{window}. The
argument @var{window} must specify a live window and defaults to the
selected one.
-The optional argument @var{ignore} non-@code{nil} means to ignore
-minimum window sizes and fixed size restrictions. If @var{ignore}
-equals @code{safe}, this means windows can get as small as one line
+If the optional argument @var{ignore} is non-@code{nil}, it means to ignore
+minimum window sizes and fixed-size restrictions. If @var{ignore}
+is @code{safe}, this means windows can get as small as one line
and/or two columns.
@end defun
@defun window-parameters &optional window
This function returns all parameters of @var{window} and their values.
-The default for @var{window} is the selected window. The return value,
-if non-@code{nil} is an association list whose elements have the form
+The default for @var{window} is the selected window. The return value
+is either @code{nil}, or an association list whose elements have the form
@code{(@var{parameter} . @var{value})}.
@end defun
is the selected window.
@end defun
-By default, functions saving and restoring window configurations or the
+By default, the functions that save and restore window configurations or the
states of windows (@pxref{Window Configurations}) do not care about
-window parameters. This means, that when you change the value of a
+window parameters. This means that when you change the value of a
parameter within the body of a @code{save-window-excursion}, the
-previous value is not restored upon exit of that macro. It also means
+previous value is not restored when that macro exits. It also means
that when you restore via @code{window-state-put} a window state saved
earlier by @code{window-state-get}, all cloned windows have their
-parameters reset to @code{nil}. The following variable allows to
-override the standard behavior.
+parameters reset to @code{nil}. The following variable allows you to
+override the standard behavior:
@defvar window-persistent-parameters
This variable is an alist specifying which parameters get saved by
-@code{current-window-configuration} and @code{window-state-get} and
+@code{current-window-configuration} and @code{window-state-get}, and
subsequently restored by @code{set-window-configuration} and
-@code{window-state-put}, see @ref{Window Configurations}.
+@code{window-state-put}. @xref{Window Configurations}.
-The @sc{car} of each entry of this alist is the symbol specifying the
+The @sc{car} of each entry of this alist is a symbol specifying the
parameter. The @sc{cdr} should be one of the following:
@table @asis
@item @code{nil}
-This value means the parameter is neither saved by
+This value means the parameter is saved neither by
@code{window-state-get} nor by @code{current-window-configuration}.
@item @code{t}
This value specifies that the parameter is saved by
-@code{current-window-configuration} and, provided its @var{writable}
-argument is @code{nil}, by @code{window-state-get}.
+@code{current-window-configuration} and (provided its @var{writable}
+argument is @code{nil}) by @code{window-state-get}.
@item @code{writable}
This means that the parameter is saved unconditionally by both
@end table
@end defvar
-Some functions, notably @code{delete-window},
-@code{delete-other-windows} and @code{split-window} may behave specially
+Some functions (notably @code{delete-window},
+@code{delete-other-windows} and @code{split-window}), may behave specially
when their @var{window} argument has a parameter set. You can override
such special behavior by binding the following variable to a
non-@code{nil} value:
@defvar ignore-window-parameters
If this variable is non-@code{nil}, some standard functions do not
process window parameters. The functions currently affected by this are
-@code{split-window}, @code{delete-window}, @code{delete-other-windows}
+@code{split-window}, @code{delete-window}, @code{delete-other-windows},
and @code{other-window}.
An application can bind this variable to a non-@code{nil} value around
(@pxref{Cyclic Window Ordering}).
@item @code{clone-of}
-This parameter specifies the window this one has been cloned from and is
-installed by @code{window-state-get}, see @ref{Window Configurations}.
+This parameter specifies the window that this one has been cloned
+from. It is installed by @code{window-state-get} (@pxref{Window
+Configurations}).
@item @code{quit-restore}
-This parameter tells how to proceed with a window when the buffer it
-shows is no more needed. It is installed by the buffer display
-functions (@pxref{Choosing Window}) and consulted by the function
+This parameter specifies what to do with a window when the buffer it
+shows is not needed any more. It is installed by the buffer display
+functions (@pxref{Choosing Window}), and consulted by the function
@code{quit-window} (@pxref{Quitting Windows}).
@end table
-In addition, the parameters @code{window-atom} and @code{window-side}
-are reserved and should not be used by applications.
+There are additional parameters @code{window-atom} and @code{window-side};
+these are reserved and should not be used by applications.
@node Window Hooks
This variable is not a normal hook, because each function is called with
two arguments: the window, and its new display-start position.
-These functions must be careful in using @code{window-end}
+These functions must take care when using @code{window-end}
(@pxref{Window Start and End}); if you need an up-to-date value, you
must use the @var{update} argument to ensure you get it.
changing the sizes of windows, or displaying a different buffer in a
window.
-The buffer-local part of this hook is run once per each window on the
+The buffer-local part of this hook is run once for each window on the
affected frame, with the relevant window selected and its buffer
current. The global part is run once for the modified frame, with that
frame selected.
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff