-\input texinfo @c -*- coding: iso-latin-1 -*-
+\input texinfo @c -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-@setfilename ../../info/emacs
+@setfilename ../../info/emacs.info
@settitle GNU Emacs Manual
@c The edition number appears in more than one place in this file
@end ifnottex
updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1985-1987, 1993-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1985--1987, 1993--2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto,'' ``Distribution'' and
-``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE,'' with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
+``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE,'' with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU
Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
License.''
@end quotation
@end copying
-@documentencoding ISO-8859-1
+@documentencoding UTF-8
@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
-* Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor.
+* Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor.
@end direntry
@c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a
@top The Emacs Editor
Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
-display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs and
+display editor. This manual describes how to edit with Emacs and
some of the ways to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version
@value{EMACSVER}.
+@c See `manual-html-mono' and `manual-html-node' in admin/admin.el.
+@ifset WWW_GNU_ORG
+@html
+The homepage for GNU Emacs is at
+<a href="/software/emacs/">http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/</a>.<br>
+To view this manual in other formats, click
+<a href="/software/emacs/manual/emacs.html">here</a>.<br>
+You can also purchase a printed copy from the
+<a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/emacs-manual/">FSF store</a>.
+@end html
+@end ifset
+
@ifinfo
If you are reading this in Emacs, type @kbd{h} to read a basic
introduction to the Info documentation system.
* Rmail:: Reading mail in Emacs.
* Gnus:: A flexible mail and news reader.
* Document View:: Viewing PDF, PS and DVI files.
+* EWW:: A web browser in Emacs.
* Shell:: Executing shell commands from Emacs.
* Emacs Server:: Using Emacs as an editing server.
* Printing:: Printing hardcopies of buffers or regions.
* Editing Binary Files:: Editing binary files with Hexl mode.
* Saving Emacs Sessions:: Saving Emacs state from one session to the next.
* Recursive Edit:: Performing edits while "within another command".
-* Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with Emacs.
* Hyperlinking:: Following links in buffers.
* Amusements:: Various games and hacks.
* Packages:: Installing additional features.
Registers
-* Position Registers:: Saving positions in registers.
-* Text Registers:: Saving text in registers.
-* Rectangle Registers:: Saving rectangles in registers.
-* Configuration Registers:: Saving window configurations in registers.
-* Number Registers:: Numbers in registers.
-* File Registers:: File names in registers.
-* Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.
+* Position Registers:: Saving positions in registers.
+* Text Registers:: Saving text in registers.
+* Rectangle Registers:: Saving rectangles in registers.
+* Configuration Registers:: Saving window configurations in registers.
+* Number Registers:: Numbers in registers.
+* File Registers:: File names in registers.
+* Keyboard Macro Registers:: Keyboard macros in registers.
+* Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.
Controlling the Display
Incremental Search
-* Basic Isearch:: Basic incremental search commands.
-* Repeat Isearch:: Searching for the same string again.
-* Error in Isearch:: When your string is not found.
-* Special Isearch:: Special input in incremental search.
-* Isearch Yank:: Commands that grab text into the search string
- or else edit the search string.
-* Isearch Scroll:: Scrolling during an incremental search.
-* Isearch Minibuffer:: Incremental search of the minibuffer history.
+* Basic Isearch:: Basic incremental search commands.
+* Repeat Isearch:: Searching for the same string again.
+* Error in Isearch:: When your string is not found.
+* Special Isearch:: Special input in incremental search.
+* Isearch Yank:: Commands that grab text into the search string
+ or else edit the search string.
+* Not Exiting Isearch:: Prefix argument and scrolling commands.
+* Isearch Minibuffer:: Incremental search of the minibuffer history.
Replacement Commands
* Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
* List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
-* Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onlyness; copying text.
+* Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-only status; copying text.
* Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
* Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers
and operate variously on several of them.
Convenience Features and Customization of Buffer Handling
* Uniquify:: Making buffer names unique with directory parts.
-* Iswitchb:: Switching between buffers with substrings.
+* Icomplete:: Fast minibuffer selection.
* Buffer Menus:: Configurable buffer menu.
Multiple Windows
International Character Set Support
* International Chars:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
-* Disabling Multibyte:: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters.
* Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use.
* Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
* Select Input Method:: Specifying your choice of input methods.
* Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
* Hideshow:: Displaying blocks selectively.
* Symbol Completion:: Completion on symbol names of your program or language.
-* Glasses:: Making identifiersLikeThis more readable.
+* MixedCase Words:: Dealing with identifiersLikeThis.
* Semantic:: Suite of editing tools based on source code parsing.
* Misc for Programs:: Other Emacs features useful for editing programs.
* C Modes:: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C,
* Old Revisions:: Examining and comparing old versions.
* VC Change Log:: Viewing the VC Change Log.
* VC Undo:: Canceling changes before or after committing.
+* VC Ignore:: Ignore files under version control system.
* VC Directory Mode:: Listing files managed by version control.
* Branches:: Multiple lines of development.
@ifnottex
(aside from Gregorian).
* To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars.
* From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar.
-* Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
The Diary
* Calendar Customizing:: Calendar layout and hooks.
* Holiday Customizing:: Defining your own holidays.
+* Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
* Date Display Format:: Changing the format.
* Time Display Format:: Changing the format.
* Diary Customizing:: Defaults you can set.
* Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general).
* Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs.
* Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus.
-* LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
+* Motif Resources:: X resources for Motif and LessTif menus.
* GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets.
GTK resources
Free Software Foundation to support our work. Donations to the Free
Software Foundation are tax deductible in the US@. If you use GNU Emacs
at your workplace, please suggest that the company make a donation.
-For more information on how you can help, see
+To donate, see @url{https://my.fsf.org/donate/}.
+For other ways in which you can help, see
@url{http://www.gnu.org/help/help.html}.
+@c The command view-order-manuals uses this anchor.
+@anchor{Printed Books}
We also sell hardcopy versions of this manual and @cite{An
Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp}, by Robert J. Chassell.
You can visit our online store at @url{http://shop.fsf.org/}.
@node Acknowledgments
@unnumberedsec Acknowledgments
+@c It's hard to update this fairly.
+@c I wonder if it would be better to drop it in favor of AUTHORS?
Contributors to GNU Emacs include Jari Aalto, Per Abrahamsen, Tomas
Abrahamsson, Jay K. Adams, Alon Albert, Michael Albinus, Nagy
-Andras, Benjamin Andresen, Ralf Angeli, Dmitry Antipov, Joe Arceneaux, Emil Åström,
+Andras, Benjamin Andresen, Ralf Angeli, Dmitry Antipov, Joe Arceneaux, Emil Åström,
Miles Bader, David Bakhash, Juanma Barranquero, Eli Barzilay, Thomas
Baumann, Steven L. Baur, Jay Belanger, Alexander L. Belikoff,
-Thomas Bellman, Scott Bender, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Sergey Berezin, Karl
+Thomas Bellman, Scott Bender, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Sergey Berezin, Stephen Berman, Karl
Berry, Anna M. Bigatti, Ray Blaak, Martin Blais, Jim Blandy, Johan
-Bockgård, Jan Böcker, Joel Boehland, Lennart Borgman, Per Bothner,
+Bockgård, Jan Böcker, Joel Boehland, Lennart Borgman, Per Bothner,
Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, Peter Breton, Emmanuel Briot, Kevin
Broadey, Vincent Broman, Michael Brouwer, David M. Brown, Stefan Bruda,
-Georges Brun-Cottan, Joe Buehler, Scott Byer, W@l{}odek Bzyl,
+Georges Brun-Cottan, Joe Buehler, Scott Byer, Włodek Bzyl,
Bill Carpenter, Per Cederqvist, Hans Chalupsky, Chris Chase, Bob
Chassell, Andrew Choi, Chong Yidong, Sacha Chua, Stewart Clamen, James
Clark, Mike Clarkson, Glynn Clements, Andrew Cohen, Daniel Colascione,
-Edward O'Connor, Christoph Conrad, Ludovic Courtès, Andrew Csillag,
+Christoph Conrad, Ludovic Courtès, Andrew Csillag,
Toby Cubitt, Baoqiu Cui, Doug Cutting, Mathias Dahl, Julien Danjou, Satyaki
Das, Vivek Dasmohapatra, Dan Davison, Michael DeCorte, Gary Delp, Nachum
Dershowitz, Dave Detlefs, Matthieu Devin, Christophe de Dinechin, Eri
-Ding, Jan Djärv, Lawrence R. Dodd, Carsten Dominik, Scott Draves,
+Ding, Jan Djärv, Lawrence R. Dodd, Carsten Dominik, Scott Draves,
Benjamin Drieu, Viktor Dukhovni, Jacques Duthen, Dmitry Dzhus, John
Eaton, Rolf Ebert, Carl Edman, David Edmondson, Paul Eggert, Stephen
-Eglen, Christian Egli, Torbjörn Einarsson, Tsugutomo Enami, David
+Eglen, Christian Egli, Torbjörn Einarsson, Tsugutomo Enami, David
Engster, Hans Henrik Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi, Frederick
Farnbach, Oscar Figueiredo, Fred Fish, Steve Fisk, Karl Fogel, Gary
Foster, Eric S. Fraga, Romain Francoise, Noah Friedman, Andreas
-Fuchs, Shigeru Fukaya, Hallvard Furuseth, Keith Gabryelski, Peter S.
-Galbraith, Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo, Juan León Lahoz García,
+Fuchs, Shigeru Fukaya, Xue Fuqiao, Hallvard Furuseth, Keith Gabryelski, Peter S.
+Galbraith, Kevin Gallagher, Fabián E. Gallina, Kevin Gallo, Juan León Lahoz García,
Howard Gayle, Daniel German, Stephen Gildea, Julien Gilles, David
Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Deepak Goel, David De La Harpe Golden, Boris
Goldowsky, David Goodger, Chris Gray, Kevin Greiner, Michelangelo Grigni, Odd
-Gripenstam, Kai Großjohann, Michael Gschwind, Bastien Guerry, Henry
-Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Bruno Haible, Ken'ichi Handa, Lars Hansen, Chris
+Gripenstam, Kai Großjohann, Michael Gschwind, Bastien Guerry, Henry
+Guillaume, Dmitry Gutov, Doug Gwyn, Bruno Haible, Ken'ichi Handa, Lars Hansen, Chris
Hanson, Jesper Harder, Alexandru Harsanyi, K. Shane Hartman, John
Heidemann, Jon K. Hellan, Magnus Henoch, Markus Heritsch, Dirk
Herrmann, Karl Heuer, Manabu Higashida, Konrad Hinsen, Anders Holst,
Hove, Denis Howe, Lars Ingebrigtsen, Andrew Innes, Seiichiro Inoue,
Philip Jackson, Martyn Jago, Pavel Janik, Paul Jarc, Ulf Jasper,
Thorsten Jolitz, Michael K. Johnson, Kyle Jones, Terry Jones, Simon
-Josefsson, Alexandre Julliard, Arne Jørgensen, Tomoji Kagatani,
+Josefsson, Alexandre Julliard, Arne Jørgensen, Tomoji Kagatani,
Brewster Kahle, Tokuya Kameshima, Lute Kamstra, Ivan Kanis, David
Kastrup, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Taichi Kawabata, Taro Kawagishi,
Howard Kaye, Michael Kifer, Richard King, Peter Kleiweg, Karel
-Klí@v{c}, Shuhei Kobayashi, Pavel Kobyakov, Larry K. Kolodney, David
+Klíč, Shuhei Kobayashi, Pavel Kobyakov, Larry K. Kolodney, David
M. Koppelman, Koseki Yoshinori, Robert Krawitz, Sebastian Kremer,
-Ryszard Kubiak, Igor Kuzmin, David Kågedal, Daniel LaLiberte, Karl
+Ryszard Kubiak, Igor Kuzmin, David Kågedal, Daniel LaLiberte, Karl
Landstrom, Mario Lang, Aaron Larson, James R. Larus, Vinicius Jose
Latorre, Werner Lemberg, Frederic Lepied, Peter Liljenberg, Christian
Limpach, Lars Lindberg, Chris Lindblad, Anders Lindgren, Thomas Link,
-Juri Linkov, Francis Litterio, Sergey Litvinov, Emilio C. Lopes,
-Martin Lorentzon, Dave Love, Eric Ludlam, Károly L@H{o}rentey, Sascha
-Lüdecke, Greg McGary, Roland McGrath, Michael McNamara, Alan Mackenzie,
+Juri Linkov, Francis Litterio, Sergey Litvinov, Leo Liu, Emilio C. Lopes,
+Martin Lorentzon, Dave Love, Eric Ludlam, Károly Lőrentey, Sascha
+Lüdecke, Greg McGary, Roland McGrath, Michael McNamara, Alan Mackenzie,
Christopher J. Madsen, Neil M. Mager, Ken Manheimer, Bill Mann,
Brian Marick, Simon Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie Martin,
Yukihiro Matsumoto, Tomohiro Matsuyama, David Maus, Thomas May, Will Mengarini, David
Megginson, Stefan Merten, Ben A. Mesander, Wayne Mesard, Brad
-Miller, Lawrence Mitchell, Richard Mlynarik, Gerd Moellmann, Stefan
+Miller, Lawrence Mitchell, Richard Mlynarik, Gerd Möllmann, Dani Moncayo, Stefan
Monnier, Keith Moore, Jan Moringen, Morioka Tomohiko, Glenn Morris,
Don Morrison, Diane Murray, Riccardo Murri, Sen Nagata, Erik Naggum,
Gergely Nagy, Nobuyoshi Nakada, Thomas Neumann, Mike Newton, Thien-Thi Nguyen,
-Jurgen Nickelsen, Dan Nicolaescu, Hrvoje Niksic, Jeff Norden,
-Andrew Norman, Kentaro Ohkouchi, Christian Ohler,
+Jurgen Nickelsen, Dan Nicolaescu, Hrvoje Nikšić, Jeff Norden,
+Andrew Norman, Edward O'Connor, Kentaro Ohkouchi, Christian Ohler,
Kenichi Okada, Alexandre Oliva, Bob Olson, Michael Olson, Takaaki Ota,
Pieter E. J. Pareit, Ross Patterson, David Pearson, Juan Pechiar,
Jeff Peck, Damon Anton Permezel, Tom Perrine, William M. Perry, Per
Persson, Jens Petersen, Daniel Pfeiffer, Justus Piater, Richard L.
-Pieri, Fred Pierresteguy, François Pinard, Daniel Pittman, Christian
-Plaunt, Alexander Pohoyda, David Ponce, Francesco A. Potorti,
+Pieri, Fred Pierresteguy, François Pinard, Daniel Pittman, Christian
+Plaunt, Alexander Pohoyda, David Ponce, Francesco A. Potortì,
Michael D. Prange, Mukesh Prasad, Ken Raeburn, Marko Rahamaa, Ashwin
Ram, Eric S. Raymond, Paul Reilly, Edward M. Reingold, David
Reitter, Alex Rezinsky, Rob Riepel, Lara Rios, Adrian Robert, Nick
Roozendaal, Sebastian Rose, William Rosenblatt, Markus Rost, Guillermo
J. Rozas, Martin Rudalics, Ivar Rummelhoff, Jason Rumney, Wolfgang
Rupprecht, Benjamin Rutt, Kevin Ryde, James B. Salem, Masahiko Sato,
-Timo Savola, Jorgen Schaefer, Holger Schauer, William Schelter, Ralph
+Timo Savola, Jorgen Schäfer, Holger Schauer, William Schelter, Ralph
Schleicher, Gregor Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald S. Schnell,
Philippe Schnoebelen, Jan Schormann, Alex Schroeder, Stefan Schoef,
-Rainer Schoepf, Raymond Scholz, Eric Schulte, Andreas Schwab, Randal
+Rainer Schöpf, Raymond Scholz, Eric Schulte, Andreas Schwab, Randal
Schwartz, Oliver Seidel, Manuel Serrano, Paul Sexton, Hovav Shacham,
Stanislav Shalunov, Marc Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin Shivers, Tibor
-@v{S}imko, Espen Skoglund, Rick Sladkey, Lynn Slater, Chris Smith,
+Šimko, Espen Skoglund, Rick Sladkey, Lynn Slater, Chris Smith,
David Smith, Paul D. Smith, Wilson Snyder, William Sommerfeld, Simon
South, Andre Spiegel, Michael Staats, Thomas Steffen, Ulf Stegemann,
Reiner Steib, Sam Steingold, Ake Stenhoff, Peter Stephenson, Ken
Stevens, Andy Stewart, Jonathan Stigelman, Martin Stjernholm, Kim F.
Storm, Steve Strassmann, Christopher Suckling, Olaf Sylvester, Naoto
-Takahashi, Steven Tamm, Luc Teirlinck, Jean-Philippe Theberge, Jens
+Takahashi, Steven Tamm, Jan Tatarik, Luc Teirlinck, Jean-Philippe Theberge, Jens
T. Berger Thielemann, Spencer Thomas, Jim Thompson, Toru Tomabechi,
David O'Toole, Markus Triska, Tom Tromey, Enami Tsugutomo, Eli
Tziperman, Daiki Ueno, Masanobu Umeda, Rajesh Vaidheeswarran, Neil
S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler, Yamamoto Mitsuharu, Katsumi Yamaoka,
Masatake Yamato, Jonathan Yavner, Ryan Yeske, Ilya Zakharevich, Milan
Zamazal, Victor Zandy, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski, Andrew Zhilin,
-Shenghuo Zhu, Piotr Zielinski, Ian T. Zimmermann, Reto Zimmermann,
+Shenghuo Zhu, Piotr Zieliński, Ian T. Zimmermann, Reto Zimmermann,
Neal Ziring, Teodor Zlatanov, and Detlev Zundel.
@end iftex
You are reading about GNU Emacs, the GNU incarnation of the
advanced, self-documenting, customizable, extensible editor Emacs.
-(The `G' in `GNU' is not silent.)
+(The @samp{G} in @acronym{GNU, @acronym{GNU}'s Not Unix} is not silent.)
We call Emacs @dfn{advanced} because it can do much more than simple
insertion and deletion of text. It can control subprocesses, indent
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff