@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2000-2012
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2000-2014 Free Software
+@c Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@iftex
@chapter Miscellaneous Commands
else: viewing ``document files'', reading Usenet news, running shell
commands and shell subprocesses, using a single shared Emacs for
utilities that expect to run an editor as a subprocess, printing
-hardcopy, sorting text, narrowing display to part of the buffer,
-editing binary files, saving an Emacs session for later resumption,
-following hyperlinks, browsing images, emulating other editors, and
-various diversions and amusements.
+hardcopy, sorting text, editing binary files, saving an Emacs session
+for later resumption, following hyperlinks, emulating other editors,
+and various diversions and amusements.
@end iftex
@dfn{group buffer}, the @dfn{summary buffer} and the @dfn{article
buffer}.
- The @dfn{group buffer} contains a list of article sources (e.g.@:
+ The @dfn{group buffer} contains a list of article sources (e.g.,
newsgroups and email inboxes), which are collectively referred to as
@dfn{groups}. This is the first buffer Gnus displays when it starts
up. It normally displays only the groups to which you subscribe and
@cindex unsubscribe groups
@item u
Toggle the subscription status of the group on the current line
-(i.e.@: turn a subscribed group into an unsubscribed group, or vice
+(i.e., turn a subscribed group into an unsubscribed group, or vice
versa). Invoking this on a killed or zombie group turns it into an
unsubscribed group.
(@code{doc-view-kill-proc-and-buffer}) kills the converter process and
the DocView buffer.
+@node EWW
+@section Web Browsing with EWW
+
+@findex eww
+@findex eww-open-file
+ @dfn{EWW}, the Emacs Web Wowser, is a web browser package for Emacs.
+It allows browsing URLs within an Emacs buffer. The command @kbd{M-x
+eww} will open a URL or search the web. You can open a file
+using the command @kbd{M-x eww-open-file}. You can use EWW as the
+web browser for @code{browse-url}, @pxref{Browse-URL}. For full
+details, @pxref{Top, EWW,, eww, The Emacs Web Wowser Manual}.
+
@node Shell
@section Running Shell Commands from Emacs
@cindex subshell
type @kbd{M-! gunzip foo.gz @key{RET}}. That shell command normally
creates the file @file{foo} and produces no terminal output.
- A numeric argument to @code{shell-command}, e.g.@: @kbd{M-1 M-!},
+ A numeric argument to @code{shell-command}, e.g., @kbd{M-1 M-!},
causes it to insert terminal output into the current buffer instead of
a separate buffer. It puts point before the output, and sets the mark
after the output. For instance, @kbd{M-1 M-! gunzip < foo.gz
While the subshell is waiting or running a command, you can switch
windows or buffers and perform other editing in Emacs. Emacs inserts
the output from the subshell into the Shell buffer whenever it has
-time to process it (e.g.@: while waiting for keyboard input).
+time to process it (e.g., while waiting for keyboard input).
@cindex @code{comint-highlight-input} face
@cindex @code{comint-highlight-prompt} face
@xref{Faces}.
To make multiple subshells, invoke @kbd{M-x shell} with a prefix
-argument (e.g. @kbd{C-u M-x shell}). Then the command will read a
+argument (e.g., @kbd{C-u M-x shell}). Then the command will read a
buffer name, and create (or reuse) a subshell in that buffer. You can
also rename the @file{*shell*} buffer using @kbd{M-x rename-uniquely},
then create a new @file{*shell*} buffer using plain @kbd{M-x shell}.
@cindex @env{EMACS} environment variable
Emacs sets the environment variable @env{INSIDE_EMACS} in the
subshell to @samp{@var{version},comint}, where @var{version} is the
-Emacs version (e.g.@: @samp{24.1}). Programs can check this variable
+Emacs version (e.g., @samp{24.1}). Programs can check this variable
to determine whether they are running inside an Emacs subshell. (It
also sets the @env{EMACS} environment variable to @code{t}, if that
environment variable is not already defined. However, this
@item @key{TAB}
@kindex TAB @r{(Shell mode)}
@findex completion-at-point
+@cindex shell completion
Complete the command name or file name before point in the shell
buffer (@code{completion-at-point}). This uses the usual Emacs
completion rules (@pxref{Completion}), with the completion
alternatives being file names, environment variable names, the shell
command history, and history references (@pxref{History References}).
-
-@vindex shell-completion-fignore
-@vindex comint-completion-fignore
-The variable @code{shell-completion-fignore} specifies a list of file
-name extensions to ignore in Shell mode completion. The default
-setting is @code{nil}, but some users prefer @code{("~" "#" "%")} to
-ignore file names ending in @samp{~}, @samp{#} or @samp{%}. Other
-related Comint modes use the variable @code{comint-completion-fignore}
-instead.
+For options controlling the completion, @pxref{Shell Options}.
@item M-?
@kindex M-? @r{(Shell mode)}
for a password.
Please note that Emacs will not echo passwords by default. If you
-really want them to be echoed, evaluate the following Lisp
-expression:
+really want them to be echoed, evaluate (@pxref{Lisp Eval}) the
+following Lisp expression:
@example
(remove-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions
@key{RET}} over and over.
The command @kbd{C-c .}@: (@code{comint-input-previous-argument})
-copies an individual argument from a previous command, like @kbd{ESC
-.} in Bash. The simplest use copies the last argument from the
+copies an individual argument from a previous command, like
+@kbd{@key{ESC} .} in Bash. The simplest use copies the last argument from the
previous shell command. With a prefix argument @var{n}, it copies the
@var{n}th argument instead. Repeating @kbd{C-c .} copies from an
earlier shell command instead, always using the same value of @var{n}
If you set @code{shell-completion-execonly} to @code{nil},
it considers nonexecutable files as well.
+@vindex shell-completion-fignore
+@vindex comint-completion-fignore
+The variable @code{shell-completion-fignore} specifies a list of file
+name extensions to ignore in Shell mode completion. The default
+setting is @code{nil}, but some users prefer @code{("~" "#" "%")} to
+ignore file names ending in @samp{~}, @samp{#} or @samp{%}. Other
+related Comint modes use the variable @code{comint-completion-fignore}
+instead.
+
+@findex shell-dynamic-complete-command
+Some implementation details of the shell command completion may also be found
+in the lisp documentation of the @code{shell-dynamic-complete-command}
+function.
+
@findex shell-pushd-tohome
@findex shell-pushd-dextract
@findex shell-pushd-dunique
@cindex Rlogin
You can login to a remote computer, using whatever commands you
-would from a regular terminal (e.g.@: using the @code{telnet} or
+would from a regular terminal (e.g., using the @code{telnet} or
@code{rlogin} commands), from a Term window.
A program that asks you for a password will normally suppress
Create a new graphical @dfn{client frame}, instead of using an
existing Emacs frame. See below for the special behavior of @kbd{C-x
C-c} in a client frame. If Emacs cannot create a new graphical frame
-(e.g.@: if it cannot connect to the X server), it tries to create a
+(e.g., if it cannot connect to the X server), it tries to create a
text terminal client frame, as though you had supplied the @samp{-t}
option instead.
current text terminal. @xref{Windows Startup}.
If you omit a filename argument while supplying the @samp{-c} option,
-the new frame displays the @file{*scratch*} buffer by default. If
-@code{initial-buffer-choice} is a string (@pxref{Entering Emacs}), the
-new frame displays that file or directory instead.
+the new frame displays the @file{*scratch*} buffer by default. This
+behavior can be customized using the variable
+@code{initial-buffer-choice} (@pxref{Entering Emacs}).
@item -F @var{alist}
@itemx --frame-parameters=@var{alist}
in a client frame, that command does not kill the Emacs session as it
normally does (@pxref{Exiting}). Instead, Emacs deletes the client
frame; furthermore, if the client frame has an @command{emacsclient}
-waiting to regain control (i.e.@: if you did not supply the @samp{-n}
+waiting to regain control (i.e., if you did not supply the @samp{-n}
option), Emacs deletes all other frames of the same client, and marks
the client's server buffers as finished, as though you had typed
@kbd{C-x #} in all of them. If it so happens that there are no
printer program, customize the variable @code{lpr-command}. To
specify extra switches to give the printer program, customize the list
variable @code{lpr-switches}. Its value should be a list of option
-strings, each of which should start with @samp{-} (e.g.@: the option
+strings, each of which should start with @samp{-} (e.g., the option
string @code{"-w80"} specifies a line width of 80 columns). The
default is the empty list, @code{nil}.
init file (@pxref{Init File}), followed by @code{(pr-update-menus)}.
This function replaces the usual printing commands in the menu bar
with a @samp{Printing} submenu that contains various printing options.
-You can also type @kbd{M-x pr-interface RET}; this creates a
+You can also type @kbd{M-x pr-interface @key{RET}}; this creates a
@file{*Printing Interface*} buffer, similar to a customization buffer,
where you can set the printing options. After selecting what and how
to print, you start the print job using the @samp{Print} button (click
-@kbd{mouse-2} on it, or move point over it and type @kbd{RET}). For
+@kbd{Mouse-2} on it, or move point over it and type @key{RET}). For
further information on the various options, use the @samp{Interface
Help} button.
used for comparison comes from a fixed range of columns. See below
for an explanation.
+@findex reverse-region
@item M-x reverse-region
Reverse the order of the lines in the region. This is useful for
sorting into descending order by fields or columns, since those sort
@cindex reload files
@cindex desktop
+@vindex desktop-restore-frames
Use the desktop library to save the state of Emacs from one session
to another. Once you save the Emacs @dfn{desktop}---the buffers,
their file names, major modes, buffer positions, and so on---then
-subsequent Emacs sessions reload the saved desktop.
+subsequent Emacs sessions reload the saved desktop. By default,
+the desktop also tries to save the frame and window configuration.
+To disable this, set @code{desktop-restore-frames} to @code{nil}.
+(See that variable's documentation for some related options
+that you can customize to fine-tune this behavior.)
@findex desktop-save
@vindex desktop-save-mode
(desktop-save-mode 1)
@end example
+@vindex desktop-auto-save-timeout
+@noindent
+When @code{desktop-save-mode} is active and the desktop file exists,
+Emacs auto-saves it every @code{desktop-auto-save-timeout}
+seconds, if that is non-@code{nil} and non-zero.
+
@findex desktop-change-dir
@findex desktop-revert
@vindex desktop-path
Emacs command. For example, when you type @kbd{C-r} inside of a
@code{query-replace}, you enter a recursive edit in which you can change
the current buffer. On exiting from the recursive edit, you go back to
-the @code{query-replace}.
+the @code{query-replace}. @xref{Query Replace}.
@kindex C-M-c
@findex exit-recursive-edit
@cindex Macintosh key bindings
@cindex WordStar
- GNU Emacs can be programmed to emulate (more or less) most other
+ GNU Emacs can be programmed to emulate (more or less) some other
editors. Standard facilities can emulate these:
@table @asis
It can be useful to add @code{goto-address-mode} to mode hooks and
hooks for displaying an incoming message
-(e.g.@: @code{rmail-show-message-hook} for Rmail, and
+(e.g., @code{rmail-show-message-hook} for Rmail, and
@code{mh-show-mode-hook} for MH-E). This is not needed for Gnus,
which has a similar feature of its own.
@findex animate-birthday-present
@cindex animate
- The @code{animate} package makes text dance (e.g. @kbd{M-x
+ The @code{animate} package makes text dance (e.g., @kbd{M-x
animate-birthday-present}).
@findex blackbox
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff