As opposed to most normal Emacs packages, Gnus uses a number of
different buffers to display information and to receive commands. The
three buffers users spend most of their time in are the @dfn{group
-buffer}, the @dfn{summary buffer} and the @dfn{article buffer}.
+buffer}, the @dfn{summary buffer} and the @dfn{article buffer}.
The @dfn{group buffer} contains a list of groups. This is the first
buffer Gnus displays when it starts up. It normally displays only the
and display the first unread article in that group.
@need 1000
-In the summary buffer,
+In the summary buffer,
@itemize @bullet
@item
@item
Have Gnus score articles according to various criteria, like author
name, subject, or string in the body of the articles.@*
-@xref{Scoring, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
+@xref{Scoring, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
@item
Send an article to a newsgroup.@*
prefix argument (e.g. @kbd{C-u M-x shell}), which will read a buffer
name and create (or reuse) a subshell in that buffer. You can also
rename the @samp{*shell*} buffer using @kbd{M-x rename-uniquely}, then
-then create a new @samp{*shell*} buffer using plain @kbd{M-x shell}.
-All the subshells in different buffers run independently and in
-parallel.
+create a new @samp{*shell*} buffer using plain @kbd{M-x shell}. All the
+subshells in different buffers run independently and in parallel.
@vindex explicit-shell-file-name
@cindex environment variables for subshells
@item C-c C-x @r{(Shell mode)}
@findex comint-get-next-from-history
Fetch the next subsequent command from the history.
+
+@item C-c . @r{(Shell mode)}
+@findex comint-input-previous-argument
+Fetch one argument from an old shell command.
@end table
Shell buffers provide a history of previously entered shell commands. To
can reexecute several successive commands by typing @kbd{C-c C-x
@key{RET}} over and over.
+ The command @kbd{C-c .}@: (@code{comint-input-previous-argument})
+copies an individual argument from a previous command, like @kbd{ESC
+.} in Bash. The simplest use copies the last argument from the
+previous shell command. With a prefix argument @var{n}, it copies the
+@var{n}th argument instead. Repeating @kbd{C-c .} copies from an
+earlier shell command instead, always using the same value of @var{n}
+(don't give a prefix argument when you repeat the @kbd{C-c .}
+command).
+
These commands get the text of previous shell commands from a special
history list, not from the shell buffer itself. Thus, editing the shell
buffer, or even killing large parts of it, does not affect the history
@vindex comint-scroll-show-maximum-output
If @code{comint-scroll-show-maximum-output} is non-@code{nil}, then
-scrolling due to the arrival of output tries to place the last line of
+arrival of output when point is at the end tries to place the last line of
text at the bottom line of the window, so as to show as much useful
text as possible. (This mimics the scrolling behavior of many
terminals.) The default is @code{nil}.
-@vindex comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-output
- By setting @code{comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-output}, you can opt for
+@vindex comint-move-point-for-output
+ By setting @code{comint-move-point-for-output}, you can opt for
having point jump to the end of the buffer whenever output arrives---no
matter where in the buffer point was before. If the value is
@code{this}, point jumps in the selected window. If the value is
(@code{shell-pushd-dunique}). The values you choose should match the
underlying shell, of course.
+ If you want Shell mode to handle color output from shell commands,
+you can enable ANSI Color mode. Here is how to do this:
+
+@example
+(add-hook 'shell-mode-hook 'ansi-color-for-comint-mode-on)
+@end example
+
@node Terminal emulator
@subsection Emacs Terminal Emulator
@findex term
To switch between line and char mode, use these commands:
@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c C-k @r{(Term mode)}
+@kindex C-c C-j @r{(Term mode)}
@findex term-char-mode
-@item C-c C-k
+@item C-c C-j
Switch to line mode. Do nothing if already in line mode.
-@kindex C-c C-j @r{(Term mode)}
+@kindex C-c C-k @r{(Term mode)}
@findex term-line-mode
-@item C-c C-j
+@item C-c C-k
Switch to char mode. Do nothing if already in char mode.
@end table
screenful of output since your last input, it pauses, displaying
@samp{**MORE**} in the mode-line. Type @key{SPC} to display the next
screenful of output. Type @kbd{?} to see your other options. The
-interface is similar to the Unix @code{more} program.
+interface is similar to the @code{more} program.
@node Remote Host
@subsection Remote Host Shell
function which will communicate with a running Emacs server, or start
one if none exists.
+If you use several displays, you can tell Emacs on which display to
+open the given files with the option @samp{--display=@var{DISPLAY}}.
+This can be used typically when connecting from home to an Emacs
+server running on your machine at your workplace.
+
+You can also use @code{emacsclient} to execute any piece of Emacs Lisp
+code, using the option @samp{--eval}. When this option is given, the
+rest of the arguments is not taken as a list of files to visit but as
+a list of expressions to evaluate.
+
@node Hardcopy, PostScript, Emacs Server, Top
@section Hardcopy Output
@cindex hardcopy
the fonts supplied with the printer with those from the GNU Intlfonts
package, or you can instruct Emacs to use Intlfonts exclusively. The
variable @code{ps-multibyte-buffer} controls this: the default value,
-@code{nil}, is appropriate for printing @sc{ascii} and Latin-1
+@code{nil}, is appropriate for printing ASCII and Latin-1
characters; a value of @code{non-latin-printer} is for printers which
-have the fonts for @sc{ascii}, Latin-1, Japanese, and Korean
+have the fonts for ASCII, Latin-1, Japanese, and Korean
characters built into them. A value of @code{bdf-font} arranges for
the BDF fonts from the Intlfonts package to be used for @emph{all}
characters. Finally, a value of @code{bdf-font-except-latin}
-instructs the printer to use built-in fonts for @sc{ascii} and Latin-1
+instructs the printer to use built-in fonts for ASCII and Latin-1
characters, and Intlfonts BDF fonts for the rest.
@vindex bdf-directory-list
paragraph by eliminating clutter. It can also be used to restrict the
range of operation of a replace command or repeating keyboard macro.
-@c WideCommands
@table @kbd
@item C-x n n
Narrow down to between point and mark (@code{narrow-to-region}).
@cindex reload files
@cindex desktop
- You can use the Desktop library to save the state of Emacs from one
-session to another. Saving the state means that Emacs starts up with
-the same set of buffers, major modes, buffer positions, and so on that
-the previous Emacs session had.
+ Use the desktop library to save the state of Emacs from one session
+to another. Once you save the Emacs @dfn{desktop}---the buffers,
+their file names, major modes, buffer positions, and so on---then
+subsequent Emacs sessions reload the saved desktop.
-@vindex desktop-enable
- To use Desktop, you should use the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy
-Customization}) to set @code{desktop-enable} to a non-@code{nil} value,
-or add these lines at the end of your @file{.emacs} file:
+@findex desktop-save
+@vindex desktop-save-mode
+ You can save the desktop manually with the command @kbd{M-x
+desktop-save}. You can also enable automatical desktop saving when
+you exit Emacs: use the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy
+Customization}) to set @code{desktop-save-mode} to @code{t} for future
+sessions, or add this line in your @file{~/.emacs} file:
@example
-(desktop-load-default)
-(desktop-read)
+(desktop-save-mode 1)
@end example
-@noindent
-@findex desktop-save
-The first time you save the state of the Emacs session, you must do it
-manually, with the command @kbd{M-x desktop-save}. Once you have done
-that, exiting Emacs will save the state again---not only the present
-Emacs session, but also subsequent sessions. You can also save the
-state at any time, without exiting Emacs, by typing @kbd{M-x
-desktop-save} again.
-
- In order for Emacs to recover the state from a previous session, you
-must start it with the same current directory as you used when you
-started the previous session. This is because @code{desktop-read} looks
-in the current directory for the file to read. This means that you can
-have separate saved sessions in different directories; the directory in
-which you start Emacs will control which saved session to use.
-
-@vindex desktop-files-not-to-save
- The variable @code{desktop-files-not-to-save} controls which files are
-excluded from state saving. Its value is a regular expression that
-matches the files to exclude. By default, remote (ftp-accessed) files
-are excluded; this is because visiting them again in the subsequent
-session would be slow. If you want to include these files in state
-saving, set @code{desktop-files-not-to-save} to @code{"^$"}.
-@xref{Remote Files}.
-
-@vindex save-place
-@cindex Saveplace
-@findex toggle-save-place
- The Saveplace library provides a simpler feature that records your
-position in each file when you kill its buffer (or kill Emacs), and
-jumps to the same position when you visit the file again (even in
-another Emacs session). Use @kbd{M-x toggle-save-place} to turn on
-place-saving in a given file. Customize the option @code{save-place}
-to turn it on for all files in each session.
+@findex desktop-change-dir
+@findex desktop-revert
+ When Emacs starts, it looks for a saved desktop in the current
+directory. Thus, you can have separate saved desktops in different
+directories, and the starting directory determines which one Emacs
+reloads. You can save the current desktop and reload one saved in
+another directory by typing @kbd{M-x desktop-change-dir}. Typing
+@kbd{M-x desktop-revert} reverts to the desktop previously reloaded.
+
+ Specify the option @samp{--no-desktop} on the command line when you
+don't want it to reload any saved desktop.
+
+@findex desktop-clear
+@vindex desktop-globals-to-clear
+@vindex desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp
+ Type @kbd{M-x desktop-clear} to empty the Emacs desktop. This kills
+all buffers except for internal ones, and clears the global variables
+listed in @code{desktop-globals-to-clear}. If you want this to
+preserve certain buffers, customize the variable
+@code{desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp}, whose value is a regular
+expression matching the names of buffers not to kill.
@node Recursive Edit, Emulation, Saving Emacs Sessions, Top
@section Recursive Editing Levels
@cindex other editors
@cindex EDT
@cindex vi
-@cindex PC keybindings
+@cindex PC key bindings
@cindex scrolling all windows
-@cindex PC selecion
-@cindex Motif keybindings
-@cindex Macintosh keybindings
+@cindex PC selection
+@cindex Motif key bindings
+@cindex Macintosh key bindings
@cindex WordStar
GNU Emacs can be programmed to emulate (more or less) most other
@cindex Brief emulation
@cindex emulation of Brief
@cindex mode, CRiSP
-You can turn on keybindings to emulate the CRiSP/Brief editor with
+You can turn on key bindings to emulate the CRiSP/Brief editor with
@kbd{M-x crisp-mode}. Note that this rebinds @kbd{M-x} to exit Emacs
unless you change the user option @code{crisp-override-meta-x}. You can
also use the command @kbd{M-x scroll-all-mode} or set the user option
@cindex PC Selection minor mode
@cindex mode, PC selection
@cindex selection, PC
-The command @kbd{M-x pc-selection-mode} enables a global minor mode
+The command @kbd{M-x pc-selection-mode} toggles a global minor mode
that emulates the mark, copy, cut and paste commands of various other
-systems---an interface known as CUA. It establishes the keybindings
+systems---an interface known as CUA. It establishes the key bindings
of PC mode, and also modifies the bindings of the cursor keys and the
@kbd{next}, @kbd{prior}, @kbd{home} and @kbd{end} keys. It does not
-provide the full set of CUA keybindings---the fundamental Emacs keys
+provide the full set of CUA key bindings---the fundamental Emacs keys
@kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{C-x} are not changed.
The standard keys for moving around (@kbd{right}, @kbd{left},
are available on @kbd{C-insert}, @kbd{S-delete} and @kbd{S-insert}
respectively.
+Turning @code{pc-selection-mode} off restores the old key bindings of
+these keys.
+
@cindex s-region package
The @code{s-region} package provides similar, but less complete,
facilities.
@item WordStar (old wordprocessor)
@findex wordstar-mode
@kbd{M-x wordstar-mode} provides a major mode with WordStar-like
-keybindings.
+key bindings.
@end table
@node Hyperlinking, Dissociated Press, Emulation, Top
buffer to another. In order to produce plausible output rather than
gibberish, it insists on a certain amount of overlap between the end of
one run of consecutive words or characters and the start of the next.
-That is, if it has just printed out `president' and then decides to jump
+That is, if it has just output `president' and then decides to jump
to a different point in the file, it might spot the `ent' in `pentagon'
and continue from there, producing `presidentagon'.@footnote{This
dissociword actually appeared during the Vietnam War, when it was very
@findex zone
The command @kbd{M-x zone} plays games with the display when Emacs is
idle.
+
+@ignore
+ arch-tag: 8f094220-c0d5-4e9e-af7d-3e0da8187474
+@end ignore
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff