@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2000-2011
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2000-2014 Free Software
+@c Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node Basic, Minibuffer, Exiting, Top
+@node Basic
@chapter Basic Editing Commands
@kindex C-h t
@xref{Point}.
@kindex RET
+@kindex C-j
@cindex newline
+@c @findex electric-indent-just-newline
To end a line and start a new one, type @key{RET} (@code{newline}).
(The @key{RET} key may be labeled @key{Return} or @key{Enter} on your
keyboard, but we refer to it as @key{RET} in this manual.) This
-command inserts a newline character into the buffer. If point is at
-the end of the line, the effect is to create a new blank line after
-it; if point is in the middle of a line, the line is split at that
-position.
+command inserts a newline character into the buffer, then indents
+(@pxref{Indentation}) according to the major mode. If point is at the end
+of the line, the effect is to create a new blank line after it and
+indent the new line; if point is in the middle of a line, the line is
+split at that position. To turn off the auto-indentation, you can
+either disable Electric Indent mode (@pxref{Indent Convenience}) or
+type @kbd{C-j}, which inserts just a newline, without any
+auto-indentation.
As we explain later in this manual, you can change the way Emacs
handles text insertion by turning on @dfn{minor modes}. For instance,
@findex quoted-insert
Only graphic characters can be inserted by typing the associated
key; other keys act as editing commands and do not insert themselves.
-For instance, @kbd{DEL} runs the command @code{delete-backward-char}
+For instance, @key{DEL} runs the command @code{delete-backward-char}
by default (some modes bind it to a different command); it does not
insert a literal @samp{DEL} character (@acronym{ASCII} character code
127).
the letters @kbd{a} to @kbd{f} serve as part of a character code,
just like digits. Case is ignored.
-@findex ucs-insert
+@findex insert-char
@kindex C-x 8 RET
@cindex Unicode characters, inserting
@cindex insert Unicode character
@cindex characters, inserting by name or code-point
- Instead of @kbd{C-q}, you can use the command @kbd{C-x 8 @key{RET}}
-(@code{ucs-insert}). This prompts for the Unicode name or code-point
+ Alternatively, you can use the command @kbd{C-x 8 @key{RET}}
+(@code{insert-char}). This prompts for the Unicode name or code-point
of a character, using the minibuffer. If you enter a name, the
command provides completion (@pxref{Completion}). If you enter a
-code-point, it should be a hexadecimal number (which is the convention
-for Unicode). The command then inserts the corresponding character
-into the buffer. For example, both of the following insert the
-infinity sign (Unicode code-point @code{U+221E}):
+code-point, it should be as a hexadecimal number (the convention for
+Unicode), or a number with a specified radix, e.g., @code{#o23072}
+(octal); @xref{Integer Basics,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference
+Manual}. The command then inserts the corresponding character into
+the buffer. For example, both of the following insert the infinity
+sign (Unicode code-point @code{U+221E}):
@example
@kbd{C-x 8 @key{RET} infinity @key{RET}}
@kbd{C-x 8 @key{RET} 221e @key{RET}}
@end example
- A numeric argument to either @kbd{C-q} or @kbd{C-x 8 @key{RET}}
-specifies how many copies of the character to insert
-(@pxref{Arguments}).
+ A numeric argument to @kbd{C-q} or @kbd{C-x 8 @key{RET}} specifies
+how many copies of the character to insert (@pxref{Arguments}).
@node Moving Point
@section Changing the Location of Point
@cindex moving the cursor
To do more than insert characters, you have to know how to move
point (@pxref{Point}). The keyboard commands @kbd{C-f}, @kbd{C-b},
-@kbd{C-n}, and @kbd{C-p} move point to the right, left, up and down
+@kbd{C-n}, and @kbd{C-p} move point to the right, left, down, and up,
respectively. You can also move point using the @dfn{arrow keys}
-present on most keyboards: @kbd{@key{right}}, @kbd{@key{left}},
-@kbd{@key{down}}, and @kbd{@key{up}}; however, many Emacs users find
-that it is slower to use the arrow keys than the control keys.
+present on most keyboards: @key{RIGHT}, @key{LEFT},
+@key{DOWN}, and @key{UP}; however, many Emacs users find
+that it is slower to use the arrow keys than the control keys, because
+you need to move your hand to the area of the keyboard where those
+keys are located.
You can also click the left mouse button to move point to the
position clicked. Emacs also provides a variety of additional
@findex forward-char
Move forward one character (@code{forward-char}).
-@item @key{right}
+@item @key{RIGHT}
@kindex RIGHT
@findex right-char
+@vindex visual-order-cursor-movement
+@cindex cursor, visual-order motion
This command (@code{right-char}) behaves like @kbd{C-f}, with one
exception: when editing right-to-left scripts such as Arabic, it
instead moves @emph{backward} if the current paragraph is a
-right-to-left paragraph. @xref{Bidirectional Editing}.
+right-to-left paragraph. @xref{Bidirectional Editing}. If
+@code{visual-order-cursor-movement} is non-@code{nil}, this command
+moves to the character that is to the right of the current screen
+position, moving to the next or previous screen line as appropriate.
+Note that this might potentially move point many buffer positions
+away, depending on the surrounding bidirectional context.
@item C-b
@kindex C-b
@findex backward-char
Move backward one character (@code{backward-char}).
-@item @key{left}
+@item @key{LEFT}
@kindex LEFT
@findex left-char
This command (@code{left-char}) behaves like @kbd{C-b}, except it
moves @emph{forward} if the current paragraph is right-to-left.
-@xref{Bidirectional Editing}.
+@xref{Bidirectional Editing}. If @code{visual-order-cursor-movement}
+is non-@code{nil}, this command moves to the character that is to the
+left of the current screen position, moving to the previous or next
+screen line as appropriate.
@item C-n
-@itemx @key{down}
+@itemx @key{DOWN}
@kindex C-n
@kindex DOWN
@findex next-line
middle of one line, you move to the middle of the next.
@item C-p
-@itemx @key{up}
+@itemx @key{UP}
@kindex C-p
@kindex UP
@findex previous-line
@findex forward-word
Move forward one word (@code{forward-word}).
-@item C-@key{right}
-@itemx M-@key{right}
+@item C-@key{RIGHT}
+@itemx M-@key{RIGHT}
@kindex C-RIGHT
@kindex M-RIGHT
@findex right-word
@findex backward-word
Move backward one word (@code{backward-word}).
-@item C-@key{left}
-@itemx M-@key{left}
+@item C-@key{LEFT}
+@itemx M-@key{LEFT}
@kindex C-LEFT
@kindex M-LEFT
@findex left-word
-This command (@code{left-word}) behaves like @kbd{M-f}, except it
+This command (@code{left-word}) behaves like @kbd{M-b}, except it
moves @emph{forward} by one word if the current paragraph is
right-to-left. @xref{Bidirectional Editing}.
Scroll one screen backward, and move point onscreen if necessary
(@code{scroll-down-command}). @xref{Scrolling}.
-@item M-x goto-char
+@item M-g c
+@kindex M-g c
@findex goto-char
Read a number @var{n} and move point to buffer position @var{n}.
Position 1 is the beginning of the buffer.
@xref{Select Buffer}, for the behavior of @kbd{M-g M-g} when you give it
a plain prefix argument.
+@item M-g @key{TAB}
+@kindex M-g TAB
+@findex move-to-column
+Read a number @var{n} and move to column @var{n} in the current line.
+Column 0 is the leftmost column. If called with a prefix argument,
+move to the column number specified by the argument's numeric value.
+
@item C-x C-n
@kindex C-x C-n
@findex set-goal-column
@table @kbd
@item @key{DEL}
-@itemx @key{Backspace}
+@itemx @key{BACKSPACE}
Delete the character before point, or the region if it is active
(@code{delete-backward-char}).
-@itemx @key{Delete}
+@item @key{Delete}
Delete the character after point, or the region if it is active
(@code{delete-forward-char}).
If, however, the region is active, @kbd{@key{DEL}} instead deletes
the text in the region. @xref{Mark}, for a description of the region.
- On most keyboards, @key{DEL} is labeled @key{Backspace}, but we
+ On most keyboards, @key{DEL} is labeled @key{BACKSPACE}, but we
refer to it as @key{DEL} in this manual. (Do not confuse @key{DEL}
with the @key{Delete} key; we will discuss @key{Delete} momentarily.)
-On some text-only terminals, Emacs may not recognize the @key{DEL} key
+On some text terminals, Emacs may not recognize the @key{DEL} key
properly. @xref{DEL Does Not Delete}, if you encounter this problem.
- The @key{delete} (@code{delete-forward-char}) command deletes in the
-``opposite direction'': it deletes the character after point, i.e. the
+ The @key{Delete} (@code{delete-forward-char}) command deletes in the
+``opposite direction'': it deletes the character after point, i.e., the
character under the cursor. If point was at the end of a line, this
joins the following line onto this one. Like @kbd{@key{DEL}}, it
deletes the text in the region if the region is active (@pxref{Mark}).
@kbd{C-d} (@code{delete-char}) deletes the character after point,
-similar to @key{delete}, but regardless of whether the region is
+similar to @key{Delete}, but regardless of whether the region is
active.
@xref{Deletion}, for more detailed information about the above
@item C-/
Undo one entry of the undo records---usually, one command worth
(@code{undo}).
-@itemx C-x u
+
+@item C-x u
@itemx C-_
The same.
@end table
@dfn{continuation}, and the long logical line is called a
@dfn{continued line}. On a graphical display, Emacs indicates line
wrapping with small bent arrows in the left and right window fringes.
-On a text-only terminal, Emacs indicates line wrapping by displaying a
+On a text terminal, Emacs indicates line wrapping by displaying a
@samp{\} character at the right margin.
Most commands that act on lines act on logical lines, not screen
continuing them. This means that every logical line occupies a single
screen line; if it is longer than the width of the window, the rest of
the line is not displayed. On a graphical display, a truncated line
-is indicated by a small straight arrow in the right fringe; on a
-text-only terminal, it is indicated by a @samp{$} character in the
-right margin. @xref{Line Truncation}.
+is indicated by a small straight arrow in the right fringe; on a text
+terminal, it is indicated by a @samp{$} character in the right margin.
+@xref{Line Truncation}.
By default, continued lines are wrapped at the right window edge.
Since the wrapping may occur in the middle of a word, continued lines
@kindex M-=
@findex count-words-region
-@findex count-words
@kbd{M-=} (@code{count-words-region}) displays a message reporting
-the number of lines, words, and characters in the region. @kbd{M-x
-count-words} displays a similar message for the entire buffer, or for
-the region if the region is @dfn{active}. @xref{Mark}, for an
-explanation of the region.
+the number of lines, words, and characters in the region
+(@pxref{Mark}, for an explanation of the region). With a prefix
+argument, @kbd{C-u M-=}, the command displays a count for the entire
+buffer.
+
+@findex count-words
+ The command @kbd{M-x count-words} does the same job, but with a
+different calling convention. It displays a count for the region if
+the region is active, and for the buffer otherwise.
@kindex C-x =
@findex what-cursor-position
@cindex arguments to commands
In the terminology of mathematics and computing, @dfn{argument}
-means ``data provided to a function or operation.'' You can give any
+means ``data provided to a function or operation''. You can give any
Emacs command a @dfn{numeric argument} (also called a @dfn{prefix
argument}). Some commands interpret the argument as a repetition
count. For example, giving @kbd{C-f} an argument of ten causes it to
moves down five lines. The keys @kbd{M-1}, @kbd{M-2}, and so on, as
well as @kbd{M--}, are bound to commands (@code{digit-argument} and
@code{negative-argument}) that set up an argument for the next
-command. @kbd{Meta--} without digits normally means @minus{}1.
+command. @kbd{M--} without digits normally means @minus{}1.
If you enter more than one digit, you need not hold down the
@key{META} key for the second and subsequent digits. Thus, to move
value. For example, the command @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph})
fills text; with an argument, it justifies the text as well.
(@xref{Filling}, for more information on @kbd{M-q}.) For these
-commands, it is enough to the argument with a single @kbd{C-u}.
+commands, it is enough to specify the argument with a single
+@kbd{C-u}.
Some commands use the value of the argument as a repeat count, but
do something special when there is no argument. For example, the
more convenient, and they are documented in that command's
documentation string.
- We use the term ``prefix argument'' as well as ``numeric argument,''
-to emphasize that you type these argument before the command, and to
-distinguish them from minibuffer arguments that come after the
-command.
+ We use the term @dfn{prefix argument} to emphasize that you type
+such arguments before the command, and to distinguish them from
+minibuffer arguments (@pxref{Minibuffer}), which are entered after
+invoking the command.
@node Repeating
@section Repeating a Command
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff