@c -*-texinfo-*-
@c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003,
-@c 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001,
+@c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
@setfilename ../info/processes
@node Processes, Display, Abbrevs, Top
before continuing execution. When you create an asynchronous
subprocess, it can run in parallel with the Lisp program. This kind of
subprocess is represented within Emacs by a Lisp object which is also
-called a ``process''. Lisp programs can use this object to communicate
+called a ``process.'' Lisp programs can use this object to communicate
with the subprocess or to control it. For example, you can send
signals, obtain status information, receive output from the process, or
send input to it.
@node Shell Arguments
@section Shell Arguments
+@cindex arguments for shell commands
+@cindex shell command arguments
Lisp programs sometimes need to run a shell and give it a command
that contains file names that were specified by the user. These
@var{infile} is on another remote host. Or @code{default-directory}
could be non-special, whereas @var{infile} is on a remote host.)
-If @var{buffer} has the form @code{(@var{real-destination}
+If @var{buffer} is a list of the form @code{(@var{real-destination}
@var{error-destination})}, and @var{error-destination} names a file,
then the same remarks as for @var{infile} apply.
@end defun
@defun process-running-child-p process
-@tindex process-running-child-p process
This function will tell you whether a subprocess has given control of
its terminal to its own child process. The value is @code{t} if this is
true, or if Emacs cannot tell; it is @code{nil} if Emacs can be certain
@node Decoding Output
@subsection Decoding Process Output
+@cindex decode process output
When Emacs writes process output directly into a multibyte buffer,
it decodes the output according to the process output coding system.
@node Accepting Output
@subsection Accepting Output from Processes
+@cindex accept input from processes
Output from asynchronous subprocesses normally arrives only while
Emacs is waiting for some sort of external event, such as elapsed time
periods. The former specifies a period measured in seconds and the
latter specifies one measured in milliseconds. The two time periods
thus specified are added together, and @code{accept-process-output}
-returns after that much time whether or not there has been any
+returns after that much time, whether or not there has been any
subprocess output.
-
-The argument @var{seconds} need not be an integer. If it is a floating
-point number, this function waits for a fractional number of seconds.
-Some systems support only a whole number of seconds; on these systems,
-@var{seconds} is rounded down.
-
-Not all operating systems support waiting periods other than multiples
-of a second; on those that do not, you get an error if you specify
-nonzero @var{millisec}.
+
+The argument @var{millisec} is semi-obsolete nowadays because
+@var{seconds} can be a floating point number to specify waiting a
+fractional number of seconds. If @var{seconds} is 0, the function
+accepts whatever output is pending but does not wait.
@c Emacs 22.1 feature
If @var{process} is a process, and the argument @var{just-this-one} is
@node Sentinels
@section Sentinels: Detecting Process Status Changes
@cindex process sentinel
-@cindex sentinel
+@cindex sentinel (of process)
A @dfn{process sentinel} is a function that is called whenever the
associated process changes status for any reason, including signals
exiting and thus killing that process. The default for the query flag
is @code{t}, meaning @emph{do} query.
-@tindex process-query-on-exit-flag
@defun process-query-on-exit-flag process
This returns the query flag of @var{process}.
@end defun
-@tindex set-process-query-on-exit-flag
@defun set-process-query-on-exit-flag process flag
This function sets the query flag of @var{process} to @var{flag}. It
returns @var{flag}.
machine.
@end defun
-@defun tq-enqueue queue question regexp closure fn
+@defun tq-enqueue queue question regexp closure fn &optional delay-question
This function sends a transaction to queue @var{queue}. Specifying the
queue has the effect of specifying the subprocess to talk to.
text at the end of the entire answer, but nothing before; that's how
@code{tq-enqueue} determines where the answer ends.
+If the argument @var{delay-question} is non-nil, delay sending this
+question until the process has finished replying to any previous
+questions. This produces more reliable results with some processes.
+
The return value of @code{tq-enqueue} itself is not meaningful.
@end defun
@item :sentinel
The associated value is the process sentinel function.
@item :remote
-In a connection, this is the address in internal format of the remote peer.
+In a connection, the address in internal format of the remote peer.
@item :local
The local address, in internal format.
@item :service
@node Network Servers
@section Network Servers
+@cindex network servers
You create a server by calling @code{make-network-process} with
@code{:server t}. The server will listen for connection requests from
@section Low-Level Network Access
You can also create network connections by operating at a lower
-level that that of @code{open-network-stream}, using
+level than that of @code{open-network-stream}, using
@code{make-network-process}.
@menu
-* Make Network:: Using @code{make-network-process}.
-* Network Options:: Further control over network connections.
-* Network Feature Testing:: Determining which network features work on
+* Proc: Network Processes. Using @code{make-network-process}.
+* Options: Network Options. Further control over network connections.
+* Features: Network Feature Testing.
+ Determining which network features work on
the machine you are using.
@end menu
-@node Make Network
+@node Network Processes
@subsection @code{make-network-process}
The basic function for creating network connections and network
@item :host @var{host}
Specify the host to connect to. @var{host} should be a host name or
-internet address, as a string, or the symbol @code{local} to specify
+Internet address, as a string, or the symbol @code{local} to specify
the local host. If you specify @var{host} for a server, it must
specify a valid address for the local host, and only clients
connecting to that address will be accepted.
@item :family @var{family}
@var{family} specifies the address (and protocol) family for
-communication. @code{nil} stands for IPv4. @code{local} specifies a
-Unix socket, in which case @var{host} is ignored.
+communication. @code{nil} means determine the proper address family
+automatically for the given @var{host} and @var{service}.
+@code{local} specifies a Unix socket, in which case @var{host} is
+ignored. @code{ipv4} and @code{ipv6} specify to use IPv4 and IPv6
+respectively.
@item :local @var{local-address}
For a server process, @var{local-address} is the address to listen on.
@itemize -
@item
-An IPv4 address is represented as a vector of integers @code{[@var{a}
-@var{b} @var{c} @var{d} @var{p}]} corresponding to numeric IP address
-@var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d} and port number @var{p}.
+An IPv4 address is represented as a five-element vector of four 8-bit
+integers and one 16-bit integer
+@code{[@var{a} @var{b} @var{c} @var{d} @var{p}]} corresponding to
+numeric IPv4 address @var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d} and port number
+@var{p}.
+
+@item
+An IPv6 address is represented as a nine-element vector of 16-bit
+integers @code{[@var{a} @var{b} @var{c} @var{d} @var{e} @var{f}
+@var{g} @var{h} @var{p}]} corresponding to numeric IPv6 address
+@var{a}:@var{b}:@var{c}:@var{d}:@var{e}:@var{f}:@var{g}:@var{h} and
+port number @var{p}.
@item
A local address is represented as a string which specifies the address
@item (:type datagram)
Non-@code{nil} if datagrams are supported.
@item (:family local)
-Non-@code{nil} if local (aka ``UNIX domain'') sockets are supported.
+Non-@code{nil} if local (a.k.a.@: ``UNIX domain'') sockets are supported.
+@item (:family ipv6)
+Non-@code{nil} if IPv6 is supported.
@item (:service t)
Non-@code{nil} if the system can select the port for a server.
@end table
@section Misc Network Facilities
These additional functions are useful for creating and operating
-on network connections.
+on network connections. Note that they are supported only on some
+systems.
@defun network-interface-list
This function returns a list describing the network interfaces
@table @var
@item addr
-The internet protocol address.
+The Internet protocol address.
@item bcast
The broadcast address.
@item netmask
@defun format-network-address address &optional omit-port
This function converts the Lisp representation of a network address to
-a string. For example, a five-element vector @code{[@var{a} @var{b}
-@var{c} @var{d} @var{p}]} represents an IP address
-@var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d} and port number @var{p}.
-@code{format-network-address} converts that to the string
-@code{"@var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d}:@var{p}"}.
+a string.
+
+A five-element vector @code{[@var{a} @var{b} @var{c} @var{d} @var{p}]}
+represents an IPv4 address @var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d} and port
+number @var{p}. @code{format-network-address} converts that to the
+string @code{"@var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d}:@var{p}"}.
-If @var{omit-port} is non-@code{nil}, the value does not include
-the port number.
+A nine-element vector @code{[@var{a} @var{b} @var{c} @var{d} @var{e}
+@var{f} @var{g} @var{h} @var{p}]} represents an IPv6 address along
+with a port number. @code{format-network-address} converts that to
+the string
+@code{"[@var{a}:@var{b}:@var{c}:@var{d}:@var{e}:@var{f}:@var{g}:@var{h}]:@var{p}"}.
+
+If the vector does not include the port number, @var{p}, or if
+@var{omit-port} is non-@code{nil}, the result does not include the
+@code{:@var{p}} suffix.
@end defun
@node Byte Packing
@section Packing and Unpacking Byte Arrays
+@cindex byte packing and unpacking
This section describes how to pack and unpack arrays of bytes,
usually for binary network protocols. These functions convert byte arrays
To control unpacking and packing, you write a @dfn{data layout
specification}, a special nested list describing named and typed
@dfn{fields}. This specification controls length of each field to be
-processed, and how to pack or unpack it.
+processed, and how to pack or unpack it. We normally keep bindat specs
+in variables whose names end in @samp{-bindat-spec}; that kind of name
+is automatically recognized as ``risky.''
@cindex endianness
@cindex big endian
that the field represents and, in the case of multibyte fields, how
the bytes are ordered within the field. The two possible orderings
are ``big endian'' (also known as ``network byte ordering'') and
-``little endian''. For instance, the number @code{#x23cd} (decimal
+``little endian.'' For instance, the number @code{#x23cd} (decimal
9165) in big endian would be the two bytes @code{#x23} @code{#xcd};
and in little endian, @code{#xcd} @code{#x23}. Here are the possible
type values:
String of length @var{len}.
@item strz @var{len}
-Zero-terminated string of length @var{len}.
+Zero-terminated string, in a fixed-size field with length @var{len}.
-@item vec @var{len}
-Vector of @var{len} bytes.
+@item vec @var{len} [@var{type}]
+Vector of @var{len} elements of type @var{type}, or bytes if not
+@var{type} is specified.
+The @var{type} is any of the simple types above, or another vector
+specified as a list @code{(vec @var{len} [@var{type}])}.
@item ip
Four-byte vector representing an Internet address. For example:
above-listed type specifications.
@end table
+For a fixed-size field, the length @var{len} is given as an integer
+specifying the number of bytes in the field.
+
+When the length of a field is not fixed, it typically depends on the
+value of a preceding field. In this case, the length @var{len} can be
+given either as a list @code{(@var{name} ...)} identifying a
+@dfn{field name} in the format specified for @code{bindat-get-field}
+below, or by an expression @code{(eval @var{form})} where @var{form}
+should evaluate to an integer, specifying the field length.
+
A field specification generally has the form @code{([@var{name}]
@var{handler})}. The square braces indicate that @var{name} is
optional. (Don't use names that are symbols meaningful as type
@item eval @var{form}
Evaluate @var{form}, a Lisp expression, for side-effect only. If the
field name is specified, the value is bound to that field name.
-@var{form} can access and update these dynamically bound variables:
-
-@table @code
-@item raw-data
-The data as a byte array.
-
-@item pos
-Current position of the unpacking or packing operation.
-
-@item struct
-Alist.
-
-@item last
-Value of the last field processed.
-@end table
@item fill @var{len}
Skip @var{len} bytes. In packing, this leaves them unchanged,
@var{tag} matches unconditionally if it is @code{t}.
@end itemize
-@item repeat @var{count} @var{field-spec}@dots{}
-@var{count} may be an integer, or a list of one element naming a
-previous field. For correct operation, each @var{field-spec} must
-include a name.
-@c ??? What does it MEAN?
+@item repeat @var{count} @var{field-specs}@dots{}
+Process the @var{field-specs} recursively, in order, then repeat
+starting from the first one, processing all the specs @var{count}
+times overall. The @var{count} is given using the same formats as a
+field length---if an @code{eval} form is used, it is evaluated just once.
+For correct operation, each spec in @var{field-specs} must include a name.
+@end table
+
+For the @code{(eval @var{form})} forms used in a bindat specification,
+the @var{form} can access and update these dynamically bound variables
+during evaluation:
+
+@table @code
+@item last
+Value of the last field processed.
+
+@item bindat-raw
+The data as a byte array.
+
+@item bindat-idx
+Current index (within @code{bindat-raw}) for unpacking or packing.
+
+@item struct
+The alist containing the structured data that have been unpacked so
+far, or the entire structure being packed. You can use
+@code{bindat-get-field} to access specific fields of this structure.
+
+@item count
+@itemx index
+Inside a @code{repeat} block, these contain the maximum number of
+repetitions (as specified by the @var{count} parameter), and the
+current repetition number (counting from 0). Setting @code{count} to
+zero will terminate the inner-most repeat block after the current
+repetition has completed.
@end table
@node Bindat Functions
@subsection Functions to Unpack and Pack Bytes
In the following documentation, @var{spec} refers to a data layout
-specification, @code{raw-data} to a byte array, and @var{struct} to an
+specification, @code{bindat-raw} to a byte array, and @var{struct} to an
alist representing unpacked field data.
-@defun bindat-unpack spec raw-data &optional pos
-This function unpacks data from the byte array @code{raw-data}
+@defun bindat-unpack spec bindat-raw &optional bindat-idx
+This function unpacks data from the unibyte string or byte
+array @code{bindat-raw}
according to @var{spec}. Normally this starts unpacking at the
-beginning of the byte array, but if @var{pos} is non-@code{nil}, it
+beginning of the byte array, but if @var{bindat-idx} is non-@code{nil}, it
specifies a zero-based starting position to use instead.
The value is an alist or nested alist in which each element describes
acts as an array index.
For example, if @var{name} is @code{(a b 2 c)}, that means to find
-field @code{c} in the second element of subfield @code{b} of field
+field @code{c} in the third element of subfield @code{b} of field
@code{a}. (This corresponds to @code{struct.a.b[2].c} in C.)
@end defun
+ Although packing and unpacking operations change the organization of
+data (in memory), they preserve the data's @dfn{total length}, which is
+the sum of all the fields' lengths, in bytes. This value is not
+generally inherent in either the specification or alist alone; instead,
+both pieces of information contribute to its calculation. Likewise, the
+length of a string or array being unpacked may be longer than the data's
+total length as described by the specification.
+
@defun bindat-length spec struct
-@c ??? I don't understand this at all -- rms
-This function returns the length in bytes of @var{struct}, according
-to @var{spec}.
+This function returns the total length of the data in @var{struct},
+according to @var{spec}.
@end defun
-@defun bindat-pack spec struct &optional raw-data pos
+@defun bindat-pack spec struct &optional bindat-raw bindat-idx
This function returns a byte array packed according to @var{spec} from
the data in the alist @var{struct}. Normally it creates and fills a
-new byte array starting at the beginning. However, if @var{raw-data}
-is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a pre-allocated string or vector to
-pack into. If @var{pos} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the starting
-offset for packing into @code{raw-data}.
+new byte array starting at the beginning. However, if @var{bindat-raw}
+is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a pre-allocated unibyte string or vector to
+pack into. If @var{bindat-idx} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the starting
+offset for packing into @code{bindat-raw}.
-@c ??? Isn't this a bug? Shouldn't it always be unibyte?
-Note: The result is a multibyte string; use @code{string-make-unibyte}
-on it to make it unibyte if necessary.
+When pre-allocating, you should make sure @code{(length @var{bindat-raw})}
+meets or exceeds the total length to avoid an out-of-range error.
@end defun
@defun bindat-ip-to-string ip
(with-temp-buffer
(set-buffer-multibyte nil)
(insert
- (string-make-unibyte
- (bindat-pack
- fcookie-index-spec
- `((:version . 2)
- (:count . ,count)
- (:longest . ,max)
- (:shortest . ,min)
- (:flags . 0)
- (:delim . ,delim)
- (:offset . ,(mapcar (lambda (o)
- (list (cons :foo o)))
- (nreverse offsets)))))))
+ (bindat-pack
+ fcookie-index-spec
+ `((:version . 2)
+ (:count . ,count)
+ (:longest . ,max)
+ (:shortest . ,min)
+ (:flags . 0)
+ (:delim . ,delim)
+ (:offset . ,(mapcar (lambda (o)
+ (list (cons :foo o)))
+ (nreverse offsets))))))
(let ((coding-system-for-write 'raw-text-unix))
(write-file (or index (concat cookies ".dat")))))))
@end lisp
struct data @{
unsigned char type;
unsigned char opcode;
- unsigned long length; /* In little endian order */
+ unsigned short length; /* In network byte order */
unsigned char id[8]; /* null-terminated string */
unsigned char data[/* (length + 3) & ~3 */];
@};
struct packet @{
struct header header;
+ unsigned long counters[2]; /* In little endian order */
unsigned char items;
unsigned char filler[3];
struct data item[/* items */];
(setq data-spec
'((type u8)
(opcode u8)
- (length u16r) ;; little endian order
+ (length u16) ;; network byte order
(id strz 8)
(data vec (length))
(align 4)))
(setq packet-spec
'((header struct header-spec)
+ (counters vec 2 u32r) ;; little endian order
(items u8)
(fill 3)
(item repeat (items)
@lisp
(setq binary-data
- [ 192 168 1 100 192 168 1 101 01 28 21 32 2 0 0 0
- 2 3 5 0 ?A ?B ?C ?D ?E ?F 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 0
- 1 4 7 0 ?B ?C ?D ?E ?F ?G 0 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 ])
+ [ 192 168 1 100 192 168 1 101 01 28 21 32
+ 160 134 1 0 5 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
+ 2 3 0 5 ?A ?B ?C ?D ?E ?F 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 0
+ 1 4 0 7 ?B ?C ?D ?E ?F ?G 0 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 ])
@end lisp
The corresponding decoded structure:
(src-ip . [192 168 1 101])
(dest-port . 284)
(src-port . 5408))
+ (counters . [100000 261])
(items . 2)
(item ((data . [1 2 3 4 5])
(id . "ABCDEF")
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff