@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,99, 2000, 2001
+@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,99, 2000, 2001, 2004
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node Files, Buffers, Fixit, Top
+@node Files, Buffers, Keyboard Macros, Top
@chapter File Handling
@cindex files
@code{substitute-in-file-name}. The substitution is performed only on
file names read as such using the minibuffer.
- You can include non-ASCII characters in file names if you set the
+ You can include non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in file names if you set the
variable @code{file-name-coding-system} to a non-@code{nil} value.
@xref{Specify Coding}.
system. @xref{Frames}.
@findex find-file-literally
- If you wish to edit a file as a sequence of ASCII characters with no special
+ If you wish to edit a file as a sequence of @acronym{ASCII} characters with no special
encoding or conversion, use the @kbd{M-x find-file-literally} command.
It visits a file, like @kbd{C-x C-f}, but does not do format conversion
(@pxref{Formatted Text}), character code conversion (@pxref{Coding
default, both variables are 2.
@vindex delete-old-versions
- If @code{delete-old-versions} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs deletes the
-excess backup files silently. If it is @code{nil}, the default, Emacs
-asks you whether it should delete the excess backup versions.
+ If @code{delete-old-versions} is @code{t}, Emacs deletes the excess
+backup files silently. If it is @code{nil}, the default, Emacs asks
+you whether it should delete the excess backup versions. If it has
+any other value, then Emacs never automatically deletes backups.
Dired's @kbd{.} (Period) command can also be used to delete old versions.
@xref{Dired Deletion}.
@end example
Then add the hook function @code{time-stamp} to the hook
-@code{write-file-functions}; that hook function will automatically update
+@code{before-save-hook}; that hook function will automatically update
the time stamp, inserting the current date and time when you save the
file. You can also use the command @kbd{M-x time-stamp} to update the
time stamp manually. For other customizations, see the Custom group
the current buffer. Since reverting a buffer unintentionally could lose
a lot of work, you must confirm this command with @kbd{yes}.
- @code{revert-buffer} keeps point at the same distance (measured in
-characters) from the beginning of the file. If the file was edited only
-slightly, you will be at approximately the same piece of text after
-reverting as before. If you have made drastic changes, the same value of
-point in the old file may address a totally different piece of text.
+ @code{revert-buffer} tries to position point in such a way that, if
+the file was edited only slightly, you will be at approximately the
+same piece of text after reverting as before. However, if you have made
+drastic changes, point may wind up in a totally different piece of text.
Reverting marks the buffer as ``not modified'' until another change is
made.
Auto-Revert mode, Emacs periodically checks all file buffers and
reverts any when the corresponding file has changed. The local
variant, Auto-Revert mode, applies only to buffers in which it was
-activated. Checking the files is done at intervals determined by the
-variable @code{auto-revert-interval}.
+activated. The variable @code{auto-revert-interval} controls how
+often to check for a changed file. Since checking a remote file is
+too slow, these modes do not check or revert remote files.
@node Auto Save
@section Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters
@samp{#} to the front and rear of buffer name, then
adding digits and letters at the end for uniqueness. For
example, the @samp{*mail*} buffer in which you compose messages to be
-sent might auto-saved in a file named @file{#*mail*#704juu}. Auto-save file
+sent might be auto-saved in a file named @file{#*mail*#704juu}. Auto-save file
names are made this way unless you reprogram parts of Emacs to do
something different (the functions @code{make-auto-save-file-name} and
@code{auto-save-file-name-p}). The file name to be used for auto-saving
deleted the text unintentionally, you might find the auto-save file more
useful if it contains the deleted text. To reenable auto-saving after
this happens, save the buffer with @kbd{C-x C-s}, or use @kbd{C-u 1 M-x
-auto-save}.
+auto-save-mode}.
@vindex auto-save-visited-file-name
If you want auto-saving to be done in the visited file rather than
@node File Aliases
@section File Name Aliases
+@cindex symbolic links (visiting)
+@cindex hard links (visiting)
Symbolic links and hard links both make it possible for several file
names to refer to the same file. Hard links are alternate names that
replace SCCS, known as CSSC; if you are using SCCS and don't want to
make the incompatible change to RCS or CVS, you can switch to CSSC.
+ VC is enabled by default in Emacs. To disable it, set the
+customizable variable @code{vc-handled-backends} to @code{nil}
+(@pxref{Customizing VC}).
+
@menu
* Introduction to VC:: How version control works in general.
* VC Mode Line:: How the mode line shows version control status.
stretch factor greater than 1 means the color range spans more than a
year.
+From the annotate buffer, you can use the following keys to browse the
+annotations of past revisions, view diffs, or view log entries:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+Pressing @kbd{P} annotates the previous revision. It also takes a
+numeric prefix argument, so for example @kbd{C-u 10 P} would take you
+back 10 revisions.
+
+@item
+Pressing @kbd{N} annotates the next revision. It also takes a numeric
+prefix argument, so for example @kbd{C-u 10 N} would take you forward
+10 revisions.
+
+@item
+Pressing @kbd{J} annotates the revision at line (as denoted by the
+version number on the same line).
+
+@item
+Pressing @kbd{A} annotates the revision previous to line (as denoted
+by the version number on the same line). This is useful to see the
+state the file was in before the change on the current line was made.
+
+@item
+Pressing @kbd{D} shows the diff of the revision at line with its
+previous revision. This is useful to see what actually changed when
+the revision denoted on the current line was committed.
+
+@item
+Pressing @kbd{L} shows the log of the revision at line. This is
+useful to see the author's description of the changes that occurred
+when the revision denoted on the current line was committed.
+
+@item
+Pressing @kbd{W} annotates the workfile (most up to date) version. If
+you used @kbd{P} and @kbd{N} to browse to other revisions, use this
+key to return to the latest version.
+@end itemize
+
@node Secondary VC Commands
@subsection The Secondary Commands of VC
@menu
* Registering:: Putting a file under version control.
* VC Status:: Viewing the VC status of files.
-* VC Undo:: Cancelling changes before or after check-in.
+* VC Undo:: Canceling changes before or after check-in.
* VC Dired Mode:: Listing files managed by version control.
* VC Dired Commands:: Commands to use in a VC Dired buffer.
@end menu
control systems VC should handle. The default value is @code{(RCS CVS
SCCS)}, so it contains all three version systems that are currently
supported. If you want VC to ignore one or more of these systems,
-exclude its name from the list.
+exclude its name from the list. To disable VC entirely, set this
+variable to @code{nil}.
The order of systems in the list is significant: when you visit a file
registered in more than one system (@pxref{Local Version Control}),
for moving around in the file, but none for changing it; type @kbd{?}
while viewing for a list of them. They are mostly the same as normal
Emacs cursor motion commands. To exit from viewing, type @kbd{q}.
-The commands for viewing are defined by a special major mode called View
+The commands for viewing are defined by a special minor mode called View
mode.
A related command, @kbd{M-x view-buffer}, views a buffer already present
the old contents of the file @var{new}.
@findex make-symbolic-link
+@cindex symbolic links (creation)
@kbd{M-x make-symbolic-link} reads two file names @var{target} and
@var{linkname}, then creates a symbolic link named @var{linkname}, which
points at @var{target}. The effect is that future attempts to open file
point. Partial Completion mode offers other features extending
@code{find-file}, which can be used with @code{ffap}.
@xref{Completion Options}.
+
+@ignore
+ arch-tag: 768d32cb-e15a-4cc1-b7bf-62c00ee12250
+@end ignore
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff