-.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+'\" t
+.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+.\" 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.\"
.\" This file is part of GNU Emacs.
.\"
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
.\" along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
-.\" Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
-.\" Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+.\" Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+.\" Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
.\"
-.TH EMACS 1 "1995 December 7"
-.UC 4
+'\" t
+.TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 22.1"
+.
+.
.SH NAME
emacs \- GNU project Emacs
+.
+.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B emacs
[
.I command-line switches
] [
-.I files ...
+.I files ...\&
]
-.br
+.
+.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I GNU Emacs
-is a version of
-.I Emacs,
-written by the author of the original (PDP-10)
-.I Emacs,
+is a version of
+.IR Emacs ,
+written by the author of the original (PDP-10)
+.IR Emacs ,
Richard Stallman.
.br
The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual,
-which you can read on line using Info, a subsystem of Emacs. Please
-look there for complete and up-to-date documentation. This man page
-is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the Emacs
-maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time this man
-page takes away from other more useful projects.
+which you can read using Info, either from Emacs or as a standalone
+program.
+Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation.
+This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the
+Emacs maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time
+this man page takes away from other more useful projects.
.br
The user functionality of GNU Emacs encompasses
-everything other
-.I Emacs
+everything other
+.I Emacs
editors do, and it is easily extensible since its
editing commands are written in Lisp.
.PP
but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate
.I Emacs
windows and buffers.
-CTRL-h (backspace
-or CTRL-h) enters the Help facility. Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t)
-requests an interactive tutorial which can teach beginners the fundamentals
-of
-.I Emacs
+CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility.
+Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) starts an interactive tutorial which can
+teach beginners the fundamentals of
+.I Emacs
in a few minutes.
Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you
find a command given its functionality, Help Character (CTRL-h c)
describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f)
describes a given Lisp function specified by name.
.PP
-.I Emacs's
+.IR Emacs 's
Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is
easy to recover from editing mistakes.
.PP
-.I GNU Emacs's
+.IR "GNU Emacs" 's
many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail),
outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells
within
.I Emacs
windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop
-(Lisp-Interaction-Mode), and automated psychotherapy (Doctor).
+(Lisp-Interaction-Mode), automated psychotherapy (Doctor), and much more.
.PP
There is an extensive reference manual, but
users of other Emacses
should have little trouble adapting even
-without a copy. Users new to
+without a copy.
+Users new to
.I Emacs
will be able
to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and
using the self-documentation features.
-.PP
-.SM Emacs Options
-.PP
+.
+.SS Emacs Options
The following options are of general interest:
+.RS
.TP 8
.I file
Edit
-.I file.
+.IR file .
.TP
-.BI \+ number
+.BI \-\-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-find-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-visit " file"
+The same as specifying
+.I file
+directly as an argument.
+.TP
+.BI + number
Go to the line specified by
.I number
(do not insert a space between the "+" sign and
the number).
+This applies only to the next file specified.
+.TP
+.BI + line:column
+Go to the specified
+.I line
+and
+.IR column .
.TP
-.B \-q
+.BR \-q ", " \-\-no\-init\-file
Do not load an init file.
.TP
-.BI \-u " user"
+.B \-\-no\-site\-file
+Do not load the site-wide startup file.
+.TP
+.B \-\-no\-desktop
+Do not load a saved desktop.
+.TP
+.BR \-nl ", " \-\-no\-shared\-memory
+Do not use shared memory.
+.TP
+.BR \-Q ", " \-\-quick
+Equivalent to "\-q \-\-no\-site\-file \-\-no\-splash".
+.TP
+.B \-\-no\-splash
+Do not display a splash screen during start-up.
+.TP
+.B \-\-debug\-init
+Enable
+.I Emacs
+Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file
+.BR ~/.emacs .
+This is useful for debugging problems in the init file.
+.TP
+.BI \-u " user\fR,\fP " \-\-user " user"
Load
-.I user's
+.IR user 's
init file.
.TP
-.BI \-t " file"
+.BI \-t " file\fR,\fP " \-\-terminal " file"
Use specified
.I file
as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout.
This must be the first argument specified in the command line.
+.TP
+.BR \-\-multibyte ", " \-\-no-unibyte
+Enable multibyte mode (enabled by default).
+.TP
+.BR \-\-unibyte ", " \-\-no-multibyte
+Enable unibyte mode.
+.TP
+.B \-\-version
+Display
+.I Emacs
+version information and exit.
+.TP
+.B \-\-help
+Display this help and exit.
+.RE
.PP
The following options are lisp-oriented
(these options are processed in the order encountered):
+.RS
.TP 8
-.BI \-f " function"
+.BI \-f " function\fR,\fP " \-\-funcall " function"
Execute the lisp function
-.I function.
+.IR function .
.TP
-.BI \-l " file"
+.BI \-l " file\fR,\fP " \-\-load " file"
Load the lisp code in the file
-.I file.
+.IR file .
+.TP
+.BI \-\-eval " expr\fR,\fP " \-\-execute " expr"
+Evaluate the Lisp expression
+.IR expr .
+.RE
.PP
The following options are useful when running
.I Emacs
as a batch editor:
+.RS
.TP 8
-.BI \-batch
-Edit in batch mode. The editor will send messages to stderr. This
-option must be the first in the argument list. You must use -l and -f
-options to specify files to execute and functions to call.
-.TP
-.B \-kill
-Exit
-.I Emacs
+.B \-\-batch
+Edit in batch mode.
+The editor will send messages to stderr.
+This option must be the first in the argument list.
+You must use \-l and \-f options to specify files to execute
+and functions to call.
+.TP
+.BI \-\-script " file"
+Run
+.I file
+as an Emacs Lisp script.
+.TP
+.BI \-\-insert " file"
+Insert contents of
+.I file
+into the current buffer.
+.TP
+.B \-\-kill
+Exit
+.I Emacs
while in batch mode.
+.TP
+.BI \-L " dir\fR,\fP " \-\-directory " dir"
+Add
+.I dir
+to the list of directories
+.I Emacs
+searches for Lisp files.
+.RE
+.
.\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
-.PP
-.SM Using Emacs with X
-.PP
+.SS Using Emacs with X
.I Emacs
has been tailored to work well with the X window system.
If you run
.I Emacs
from under X windows, it will create its own X window to
-display in. You will probably want to start the editor
-as a background process
-so that you can continue using your original window.
+display in.
+You will probably want to start the editor as a background
+process so that you can continue using your original window.
.PP
.I Emacs
can be started with the following X switches:
+.RS
.TP 8
-.BI \-name " name"
-Specifies the name which should be assigned to the initial
+.BI \-\-name " name"
+Specify the name which should be assigned to the initial
.I Emacs
-window. This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title.
-.TP 8
-.BI \-title " name"
-Specifies the title for the initial X window.
-.TP 8
-.B \-r
+window.
+This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title.
+.TP
+.BI \-T " name\fR,\fP " \-\-title " name"
+Specify the title for the initial X window.
+.TP
+.BR \-r ", " \-rv ", " \-\-reverse\-video
Display the
.I Emacs
window in reverse video.
.TP
-.B \-i
-Use the "kitchen sink" bitmap icon when iconifying the
-.I Emacs
-window.
-.TP
-.BI \-font " font, " \-fn " font"
+.BI \-fn " font\fR,\fP " \-\-font " font"
Set the
.I Emacs
window's font to that specified by
-.I font.
+.IR font .
You will find the various
.I X
fonts in the
will only accept fixed width fonts.
Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the
value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed
-width font. Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form
+width font.
+Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form
.IR width x height
are generally fixed width, as is the font
.IR fixed .
See
-.IR xlsfonts (1)
+.BR xlsfonts (1)
for more information.
When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the
switch and the font name.
.TP
-.BI \-bw " pixels"
+.BI \-\-xrm " resources"
+Set additional X resources.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-color\fR,\fP \-\-color=" mode
+Override color mode for character terminals;
+.I mode
+defaults to `auto', and can also be `never', `auto', `always',
+or a mode name like `ansi8'.
+.TP
+.BI \-bw " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-width " pixels"
Set the
.I Emacs
window's border width to the number of pixels specified by
-.I pixels.
+.IR pixels .
Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window.
.TP
-.BI \-ib " pixels"
+.BI \-ib " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-internal\-border " pixels"
Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified
-by
-.I pixels.
+by
+.IR pixels .
Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window.
-.PP
-.TP 8
-.BI \-geometry " geometry"
+.TP
+.BI \-g " geometry\fR,\fP " \-\-geometry " geometry"
Set the
.I Emacs
-window's width, height, and position as specified. The geometry
-specification is in the standard X format; see
-.IR X (1)
+window's width, height, and position as specified.
+The geometry specification is in the standard X format; see
+.BR X (7)
for more information.
-The width and height are specified in characters; the default is 80 by
-24.
-.PP
-.TP 8
-.BI \-fg " color"
-On color displays, sets the color of the text.
+The width and height are specified in characters; the default is
+80 by 24.
+See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position",
+for information on how window sizes interact
+with selecting or deselecting the tool bar and menu bar.
+.TP
+.BI \-lsp " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-line\-spacing " pixels"
+Additional space to put between lines.
+.TP
+.BR \-vb ", " \-\-vertical\-scroll\-bars
+Enable vertical scrollbars.
+.TP
+.BR \-fh ", " \-\-fullheight
+Make the first frame as high as the screen.
+.TP
+.BR \-fs ", " \-\-fullscreen
+Make the first frame fullscreen.
+.TP
+.BR \-fw ", " \-\-fullwidth
+Make the first frame as wide as the screen.
+.TP
+.BI \-fg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-foreground\-color " color"
+On color displays, set the color of the text.
-See the file
-.I /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt
-for a list of valid
-color names.
+Use the command
+.I M\-x list\-colors\-display
+for a list of valid color names.
.TP
-.BI \-bg " color"
-On color displays,
-sets the color of the window's background.
+.BI \-bg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-background\-color " color"
+On color displays, set the color of the window's background.
.TP
-.BI \-bd " color"
-On color displays,
-sets the color of the window's border.
+.BI \-bd " color\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-color " color"
+On color displays, set the color of the window's border.
.TP
-.BI \-cr " color"
-On color displays,
-sets the color of the window's text cursor.
+.BI \-cr " color\fR,\fP " \-\-cursor\-color " color"
+On color displays, set the color of the window's text cursor.
.TP
-.BI \-ms " color"
-On color displays,
-sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
+.BI \-ms " color\fR,\fP " \-\-mouse\-color " color"
+On color displays, set the color of the window's mouse cursor.
.TP
-.BI \-d " displayname, " \-display " displayname"
+.BI \-d " displayname\fR,\fP " \-\-display " displayname"
Create the
.I Emacs
window on the display specified by
.IR displayname .
Must be the first option specified in the command line.
.TP
-.B \-nw
-Tells
+.BR \-nbi ", " \-\-no\-bitmap\-icon
+Do not use picture of gnu for Emacs icon.
+.TP
+.B \-\-iconic
+Start
.I Emacs
-not to use its special interface to X. If you use this
-switch when invoking
+in iconified state.
+.TP
+.BR \-nbc ", " \-\-no\-blinking\-cursor
+Disable blinking cursor.
+.TP
+.BR \-nw ", " \-\-no\-window\-system
+Tell
+.I Emacs
+not to use its special interface to X.
+If you use this switch when invoking
.I Emacs
from an
-.IR xterm (1)
+.BR xterm (1)
window, display is done in that window.
-This must be the first option specified in the command line.
+.TP
+.BR \-D ", " \-\-basic\-display
+This option disables many display features; use it for
+debugging Emacs.
+.RE
.PP
You can set
.I X
windows in your
.I \.Xresources
file (see
-.IR xrdb (1)).
+.BR xrdb (1)).
Use the following format:
.IP
-emacs.keyword:value
+.RI emacs. keyword : value
.PP
where
.I value
specifies the default value of
-.I keyword.
+.IR keyword .
.I Emacs
lets you set default values for the following keywords:
+.RS
.TP 8
-.B font (\fPclass\fB Font)
-Sets the window's text font.
-.TP
-.B reverseVideo (\fPclass\fB ReverseVideo)
-If
-.I reverseVideo's
-value is set to
-.I on,
-the window will be displayed in reverse video.
+.BR background " (class " Background )
+For color displays,
+sets the window's background color.
.TP
-.B bitmapIcon (\fPclass\fB BitmapIcon)
+.BR bitmapIcon " (class " BitmapIcon )
If
-.I bitmapIcon's
+.BR bitmapIcon 's
value is set to
-.I on,
+.IR on ,
the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink."
.TP
-.B borderWidth (\fPclass\fB BorderWidth)
-Sets the window's border width in pixels.
+.BR borderColor " (class " BorderColor )
+For color displays,
+sets the color of the window's border.
.TP
-.B internalBorder (\fPclass\fB BorderWidth)
-Sets the window's internal border width in pixels.
+.BR borderWidth " (class " BorderWidth )
+Sets the window's border width in pixels.
.TP
-.B foreground (\fPclass\fB Foreground)
+.BR cursorColor " (class " Foreground )
For color displays,
-sets the window's text color.
+sets the color of the window's text cursor.
.TP
-.B background (\fPclass\fB Background)
-For color displays,
-sets the window's background color.
+.BR cursorBlink " (class " CursorBlink )
+Specifies whether to make the cursor blink.
+The default is
+.IR on .
+Use
+.I off
+or
+.I false
+to turn cursor blinking off.
.TP
-.B borderColor (\fPclass\fB BorderColor)
-For color displays,
-sets the color of the window's border.
+.BR font " (class " Font )
+Sets the window's text font.
.TP
-.B cursorColor (\fPclass\fB Foreground)
+.BR foreground " (class " Foreground )
For color displays,
-sets the color of the window's text cursor.
+sets the window's text color.
.TP
-.B pointerColor (\fPclass\fB Foreground)
-For color displays,
-sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
+.BR fullscreen " (class " Fullscreen )
+The desired fullscreen size.
+The value can be one of
+.IR fullboth ,
+.IR fullwidth ,
+or
+.IR fullheight ,
+which correspond to the command-line options `\-fs', `\-fw', and
+`\-fh', respectively.
+Note that this applies to the initial frame only.
.TP
-.B geometry (\fPclass\fB Geometry)
+.BR geometry " (class " Geometry )
Sets the geometry of the
.I Emacs
window (as described above).
.TP
-.B title (\fPclass\fB Title)
+.BR iconName " (class " Title )
+Sets the icon name for the
+.I Emacs
+window icon.
+.TP
+.BR internalBorder " (class " BorderWidth )
+Sets the window's internal border width in pixels.
+.TP
+.BR lineSpacing " (class " LineSpacing )
+Additional space ("leading") between lines, in pixels.
+.TP
+.BR menuBar " (class " MenuBar )
+Gives frames menu bars if
+.IR on ;
+don't have menu bars if
+.IR off .
+See the Emacs manual, sections "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif
+Resources", for how to control the appearance of the menu bar
+if you have one.
+.TP
+.BR minibuffer " (class " Minibuffer )
+If
+.IR none ,
+don't make a minibuffer in this frame.
+It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead.
+.TP
+.BR paneFont " (class " Font )
+Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of
+.IR Emacs .
+.TP
+.BR pointerColor " (class " Foreground )
+For color displays,
+sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
+.TP
+.BR privateColormap " (class " PrivateColormap )
+If
+.IR on ,
+use a private color map, in the case where the "default
+visual" of class
+.B PseudoColor
+and
+.B Emacs
+is using it.
+.TP
+.BR reverseVideo " (class " ReverseVideo )
+If
+.BR reverseVideo 's
+value is set to
+.IR on ,
+the window will be displayed in reverse video.
+.TP
+.BR screenGamma " (class "ScreenGamma )
+Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter
+`screen\-gamma'.
+.TP
+.BR scrollBarWidth " (class "ScrollBarWidth )
+The scroll bar width in pixels, equivalent to the frame parameter
+`scroll\-bar\-width'.
+.TP
+.BR selectionFont " (class " SelectionFont )
+Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of
+.IR Emacs .
+(For toolkit versions, see the Emacs manual, sections
+"Lucid Resources" and "LessTif Resources".)
+.TP
+.BR selectionTimeout " (class " SelectionTimeout )
+Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply.
+A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary.
+.TP
+.BR synchronous " (class " Synchronous )
+Run Emacs in synchronous mode if
+.IR on .
+Synchronous mode is useful for debugging X problems.
+.TP
+.BR title " (class " Title )
Sets the title of the
.I Emacs
window.
.TP
-.B iconName (\fPclass\fB Title)
-Sets the icon name for the
-.I Emacs
-window icon.
+.BR toolBar " (class " ToolBar )
+Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar.
+.TP
+.BR useXIM " (class " UseXIM )
+Turns off use of X input methods (XIM) if
+.I false
+or
+.IR off .
+.TP
+.BR verticalScrollBars " (class " ScrollBars )
+Gives frames scroll bars if
+.IR on ;
+suppresses scroll bars if
+.IR off .
+.TP
+.BR visualClass " (class " VisualClass )
+Specify the "visual" that X should use.
+This tells X how to handle colors.
+The value should start with one of
+.IR TrueColor ,
+.IR PseudoColor ,
+.IR DirectColor ,
+.IR StaticColor ,
+.IR GrayScale ,
+and
+.IR StaticGray ,
+followed by
+.BI \- depth\fR,\fP
+where
+.I depth
+is the number of color planes.
+.RE
.PP
If you try to set color values while using a black and white display,
the window's characteristics will default as follows:
the background color will be set to white,
the border color will be set to grey,
and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black.
+.
+.SS Using the Mouse
.PP
-.SM Using the Mouse
-.PP
-The following lists the mouse button bindings for the
+The following lists some of the mouse button bindings for the
.I Emacs
window under X11.
-
-.in +\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
-.ta \w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
+.
+.RS
+.TS
+l l
+- -
+l l.
MOUSE BUTTON FUNCTION
-.br
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
left Set point.
-.br
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
middle Paste text.
-.br
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
right Cut text into X cut buffer.
-.br
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
SHIFT-middle Cut text into X cut buffer.
-.br
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
SHIFT-right Paste text.
-.br
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
CTRL-middle Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it.
-.br
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
-CTRL-right Select this window, then split it into
-two windows. Same as typing CTRL-x 2.
+CTRL-right T{
+Select this window, then split it into two windows.
+Same as typing CTRL\-x 2.
+T}
.\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS
-.br
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
-CTRL-SHIFT-left X buffer menu--hold the buttons and keys
-down, wait for menu to appear, select
-buffer, and release. Move mouse out of
-menu and release to cancel.
-.br
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
-CTRL-SHIFT-middle X help menu--pop up index card menu for
-Emacs help.
+CTRL-SHIFT-left T{
+X buffer menu \(em hold the buttons and keys
+down, wait for menu to appear, select buffer, and release.
+Move mouse out of menu and release to cancel.
+T}
+CTRL-SHIFT-middle T{
+X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help.
+T}
.\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS
-.br
-.ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
-CTRL-SHIFT-right Select window with mouse, and delete all
-other windows. Same as typing CTRL-x 1.
+CTRL-SHIFT-right T{
+Select window with mouse, and delete all other windows.
+Same as typing CTRL\-x 1.
+T}
.\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
-.PP
+.TE
+.RE
+.
+.
.SH MANUALS
You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free
-Software Foundation, which develops GNU software. See the file ORDERS
-for ordering information.
+Software Foundation, which develops GNU software.
+See the file ORDERS for ordering information.
.br
-Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available. As
-with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted to
-make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual. The TeX source to the
-manual is also included in the Emacs source distribution.
-.PP
+Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available.
+As with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted
+to make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual.
+The TeX source to the manual is also included in the Emacs source
+distribution.
+.
+.
.SH FILES
-/usr/local/info - files for the Info documentation browser
-(a subsystem of Emacs) to refer to. Currently not much of Unix
-is documented here, but the complete text of the Emacs reference
-manual is included in a convenient tree structured form.
+/usr/local/share/info \(em files for the Info documentation browser.
+The complete text of the Emacs reference manual is included in a
+convenient tree structured form.
+Also includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, useful to anyone
+wishing to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language.
+
+/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp \(em Lisp source files and
+compiled files that define most editing commands.
+Some are preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when
+used.
-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/src - C source files and object files
+/usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH \(em various programs that are
+used with GNU Emacs.
-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp - Lisp source files and compiled files
-that define most editing commands. Some are preloaded;
-others are autoloaded from this directory when used.
-
-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc - various programs that are used with
-GNU Emacs, and some files of information.
+/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc \(em various files of information.
-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* - contains the documentation
+/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* \(em contains the documentation
strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions
-of GNU Emacs. They are stored here to reduce the size of
-Emacs proper.
+of GNU Emacs.
+They are stored here to reduce the size of Emacs proper.
-/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/OTHER.EMACSES discusses GNU Emacs
-vs. other versions of Emacs.
-.br
/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering
various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education,
troubleshooting, porting and customization.
-.br
-These files also have information useful to anyone wishing to write
-programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language, which has not yet been fully
-documented.
-
-/usr/local/com/emacs/lock - holds lock files that are made for all
-files being modified in Emacs, to prevent simultaneous modification
-of one file by two users.
-
-.\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
-/usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt - list of valid X color names.
-.\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
-.PP
+.
+.
.SH BUGS
-There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu on the internet
-(ucbvax!prep.ai.mit.edu!bug-gnu-emacs on UUCPnet), for reporting Emacs
-bugs and fixes. But before reporting something as a bug, please try
-to be sure that it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a
-deliberate feature. We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs
-Bugs'' near the end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints
-on how and when to report bugs. Also, include the version number of
-the Emacs you are running in \fIevery\fR bug report that you send in.
+There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, for reporting Emacs
+bugs and fixes.
+But before reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that
+it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a deliberate feature.
+We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs Bugs'' near the
+end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints on how and
+when to report bugs.
+Also, include the version number of the Emacs you are running in
+\fIevery\fR bug report that you send in.
-Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. The purpose of reporting
-bugs is to get them fixed for everyone in the next release, if possible.
+Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report.
+The purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone
+in the next release, if possible.
For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for
a list of people who offer it.
Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list.
-Send requests to be added to mailing lists to the special list
-info-gnu-emacs-request@prep.ai.mit.edu (or the corresponding UUCP
-address). For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the
-file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. Bugs tend actually to be
-fixed if they can be isolated, so it is in your interest to report
-them in such a way that they can be easily reproduced.
-.PP
-Bugs that I know about are: shell will not work with programs
-running in Raw mode on some Unix versions.
+For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the
+file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS.
+Bugs tend actually to be fixed if they can be isolated, so it is
+in your interest to report them in such a way that they can be
+easily reproduced.
+.
+.
.SH UNRESTRICTIONS
-.PP
-.I Emacs
-is free; anyone may redistribute copies of
-.I Emacs
+.I Emacs
+is free; anyone may redistribute copies of
+.I Emacs
to
-anyone under the terms stated in the
-.I Emacs
+anyone under the terms stated in the
+.I Emacs
General Public License,
-a copy of which accompanies each copy of
-.I Emacs
+a copy of which accompanies each copy of
+.I Emacs
and which also
appears in the reference manual.
.PP
.I Emacs
may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems,
but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those
-systems. Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution
-is permitted. In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public
-License is to prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions
-to redistribution of
-.I Emacs.
+systems.
+Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution is permitted.
+In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public License is to
+prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to
+redistribution of
+.IR Emacs .
.PP
-Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend
-.I Emacs,
+Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend
+.IR Emacs ,
and urges that
-you contribute your extensions to the GNU library. Eventually GNU
-(Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement for Berkeley
-Unix.
+you contribute your extensions to the GNU library.
+Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement
+for Unix.
Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system.
+.
+.
.SH SEE ALSO
-X(1), xlsfonts(1), xterm(1), xrdb(1)
+.BR emacsclient (1),
+.BR etags (1),
+.BR X (7),
+.BR xlsfonts (1),
+.BR xterm (1),
+.BR xrdb (1)
+.
+.
.SH AUTHORS
-.PP
.I Emacs
was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation.
Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features.
+.
+.
.SH COPYING
-Copyright
+Copyright
.if t \(co
-.if n (c)
-1999, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.if n (C)
+1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
+ 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.PP
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
+preserved on all copies.
.PP
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
-or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
-with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and no
-Back-Cover Texts.
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
+this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
+the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of
+a permission notice identical to this one.
.PP
-This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
-Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
-separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
-license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
-A copy of the license is included in the
-.BR gfdl ( 1 )
-man page, and in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation
-License" in the Emacs manual.
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
+document into another language, under the above conditions for
+modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated
+in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.
+.
+.\" arch-tag: 04dfd376-b46e-4924-919a-cecc3b257eaa
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