| 1 | GNU Emacs Installation Guide |
| 2 | Copyright (c) 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997 Free software Foundation, Inc. |
| 3 | |
| 4 | Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies |
| 5 | of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the |
| 6 | copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, |
| 7 | and that the distributor grants the recipient permission |
| 8 | for further redistribution as permitted by this notice. |
| 9 | |
| 10 | Permission is granted to distribute modified versions |
| 11 | of this document, or of portions of it, |
| 12 | under the above conditions, provided also that they |
| 13 | carry prominent notices stating who last changed them, |
| 14 | and that any new or changed statements about the activities |
| 15 | of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation. |
| 16 | |
| 17 | |
| 18 | ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES |
| 19 | |
| 20 | * leim-M.N.tar.gz |
| 21 | |
| 22 | The Emacs Lisp code for input methods for various international |
| 23 | character scripts is distributed in a separate tar file because it |
| 24 | amounts to a significant fraction of the size of the distribution. |
| 25 | This tar file is called leim-M.N.tar.gz, with the same version number |
| 26 | as Emacs, and it unpacks into the directory emacs-M.N/leim. |
| 27 | |
| 28 | You should unpack leim-M.N.tar.gz into the same directory where you |
| 29 | have previously unpacked the main Emacs distribution. It fills in the |
| 30 | contents of one subdirectory, which is present in the main Emacs |
| 31 | distribution only in dummy form. |
| 32 | |
| 33 | Once you have unpacked the Leim tar file into the Emacs source tree, |
| 34 | building and installing Emacs automatically installs the input method |
| 35 | support as well. If you have built Emacs without unpacking Leim |
| 36 | first, just unpack Leim, build Emacs again, and install it again. |
| 37 | |
| 38 | * intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz |
| 39 | |
| 40 | The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts that Emacs needs in |
| 41 | order to display international characters. If you see a non-ASCII |
| 42 | character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have a font for |
| 43 | it. You might find a font in the intlfonts distribution. If some |
| 44 | characters don't look right, or appear improperly aligned, a font |
| 45 | from the intlfonts distribution might look better. |
| 46 | |
| 47 | The fonts in the intlfonts distribution are also used by the ps-print |
| 48 | package for printing international characters. The file |
| 49 | lisp/ps-mule.el defines the .bdf font files required for printing |
| 50 | each character set. |
| 51 | |
| 52 | The intlfonts distribution contains its own installation instructions, |
| 53 | in the intlfonts/README file. |
| 54 | |
| 55 | * elisp-manual-M.N.tar.gz |
| 56 | |
| 57 | This distribution contains the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual which |
| 58 | complements the Emacs Lisp Manual. It is a good idea to install the |
| 59 | Emacs Lisp Reference Manual after installing Emacs, to complete the |
| 60 | on-line documentation of Emacs in Info. |
| 61 | |
| 62 | If you have installed Texinfo, you can install the Emacs Lisp |
| 63 | Reference Manual this way: |
| 64 | |
| 65 | cd elisp-manual-M.N |
| 66 | ./configure --prefix=PREFIXDIR |
| 67 | make install |
| 68 | |
| 69 | Otherwise, you can install it manually. Just copy the files elisp and |
| 70 | elisp-* from the elisp-manual-M.N directory to your site's info |
| 71 | directory (see the description of `infodir', below), and make sure |
| 72 | that file `dir' in this directory contains an entry like this: |
| 73 | |
| 74 | * Elisp: (elisp). The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. |
| 75 | |
| 76 | |
| 77 | BUILDING AND INSTALLATION: |
| 78 | |
| 79 | (This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MSDOS, see below; search |
| 80 | for MSDOG. For Windows NT or Windows 95, see the file nt/INSTALL.) |
| 81 | |
| 82 | 1) Make sure your system has enough swapping space allocated to handle |
| 83 | a program whose pure code is 900k bytes and whose data area is at |
| 84 | least 400k and can reach 8Mb or more. If the swapping space is |
| 85 | insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l |
| 86 | loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when |
| 87 | running the final dumped Emacs. |
| 88 | |
| 89 | Building Emacs requires about 70 Mb of disk space (including the Emacs |
| 90 | sources). Once installed, Emacs occupies about 35 Mb in the file |
| 91 | system where it is installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp |
| 92 | libraries, miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation. If |
| 93 | the building and installation take place in different directories, |
| 94 | then the installation procedure momentarily requires 70+35 Mb. |
| 95 | |
| 96 | 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should |
| 97 | give to the `configure' program. That file offers hints for |
| 98 | getting around some possible installation problems. |
| 99 | |
| 100 | 3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory |
| 101 | or in a separate directory. |
| 102 | |
| 103 | 3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that |
| 104 | directory and run the program `configure' as follows: |
| 105 | |
| 106 | ./configure [CONFIGURATION-NAME] [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... |
| 107 | |
| 108 | The CONFIGURATION-NAME argument should be a configuration name given |
| 109 | in `./etc/MACHINES', with the system version number added at the end. |
| 110 | |
| 111 | You should try first omitting CONFIGURATION-NAME. This way, |
| 112 | `configure' will try to guess your system type. If it cannot guess, |
| 113 | or if something goes wrong in building or installing Emacs this way, |
| 114 | try again specifying the proper CONFIGURATION-NAME explicitly. |
| 115 | |
| 116 | If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this |
| 117 | option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your |
| 118 | system has X, and arrange to use it if present. |
| 119 | |
| 120 | The `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' options tell the build |
| 121 | process where the compiler should look for the include files and |
| 122 | object libraries used with the X Window System. Normally, `configure' |
| 123 | is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X |
| 124 | Window System files installed in unusual places. These options also |
| 125 | accept a list of directories, separated with colons. |
| 126 | |
| 127 | To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you |
| 128 | configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where |
| 129 | TOOLKIT is `athena' or `motif' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms for |
| 130 | `athena'). On some systems, it does not work to use a toolkit with |
| 131 | shared libraries. |
| 132 | |
| 133 | The `--with-gcc' option specifies that the build process should |
| 134 | compile Emacs using GCC. If you don't want to use GCC, specify |
| 135 | `--with-gcc=no'. If you omit this option, `configure' will search |
| 136 | for GCC in your path, and use it if present. |
| 137 | |
| 138 | If you want the Emacs mail reader RMAIL to read mail from a POP |
| 139 | server, you must specify `--with-pop'. This provides support for the |
| 140 | POP3 protocol; older versions are not supported. For |
| 141 | Kerberos-authenticated POP add `--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support |
| 142 | add `--with-hesiod'. These options enable Emacs to use POP; whether |
| 143 | Emacs uses POP is controlled by individual users--see the Rmail |
| 144 | chapter of the Emacs manual. |
| 145 | |
| 146 | The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process |
| 147 | should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'. |
| 148 | - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin |
| 149 | (unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise). |
| 150 | - The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION |
| 151 | (where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `19.27'). |
| 152 | - The architecture-dependent files go in |
| 153 | PREFIXDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION |
| 154 | (where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like mips-dec-ultrix4.2), |
| 155 | unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise. |
| 156 | |
| 157 | The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate |
| 158 | portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific |
| 159 | files, like executables and utility programs. If specified, |
| 160 | - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in EXECDIR/bin, and |
| 161 | - The architecture-dependent files go in |
| 162 | EXECDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION. |
| 163 | EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs. |
| 164 | |
| 165 | For example, the command |
| 166 | |
| 167 | ./configure mips-dec-ultrix --with-x11 |
| 168 | |
| 169 | configures Emacs to build for a DECstation running Ultrix, with |
| 170 | support for the X11 window system. |
| 171 | |
| 172 | `configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation |
| 173 | itself. It just creates the files that influence those things: |
| 174 | `./Makefile', `lib-src/Makefile', `oldXMenu/Makefile', |
| 175 | `lwlib/Makefile', `src/Makefile', and `./src/config.h'. For details |
| 176 | on exactly what it does, see the section called `CONFIGURATION BY |
| 177 | HAND', below. |
| 178 | |
| 179 | When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and |
| 180 | creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the |
| 181 | same configuration. If `configure' exits with an error after |
| 182 | disturbing the status quo, it removes `config.status'. `configure' |
| 183 | also creates a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests |
| 184 | to make reconfiguring faster, and a file `config.log' containing compiler |
| 185 | output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). You can give |
| 186 | `configure' the option `--cache-file=FILE' to use the results of the |
| 187 | tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to |
| 188 | disable caching, for debugging `configure'. |
| 189 | |
| 190 | The work of `configure' can be done by editing various files in the |
| 191 | distribution, but using `configure' is easier. See the section called |
| 192 | "CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the configuration |
| 193 | yourself. |
| 194 | |
| 195 | 3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory |
| 196 | and run the program `configure' as follows: |
| 197 | |
| 198 | SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... |
| 199 | |
| 200 | SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is |
| 201 | where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the |
| 202 | Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in. |
| 203 | |
| 204 | To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make' |
| 205 | that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. |
| 206 | |
| 207 | 3c) Some people try to build in a separate directory by filling |
| 208 | it full of symlinks to the files in the real source directory. |
| 209 | If you do that, `make all' does work, but `make install' fails: |
| 210 | it copies the symbolic links rather than the actual files. |
| 211 | |
| 212 | As far as is known, there is no particular reason to use |
| 213 | a directory full of links rather than use the standard GNU |
| 214 | facilities to build in a separate directory (see 3b above). |
| 215 | |
| 216 | 4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right |
| 217 | for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs |
| 218 | Lisp code to override them; it is not a good idea to edit paths.el |
| 219 | itself. YOU MUST USE THE LISP FUNCTION `setq' TO ASSIGN VALUES, |
| 220 | rather than `defvar', as used by `./lisp/paths.el'. For example, |
| 221 | |
| 222 | (setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews") |
| 223 | |
| 224 | is how you would override the default value of the variable |
| 225 | news-inews-program (which is "/usr/local/inews"). |
| 226 | |
| 227 | Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the |
| 228 | variable gets by default! Make sure you know what kind of value the |
| 229 | variable should have. If you don't pay attention to what you are |
| 230 | doing, you'll make a mistake. |
| 231 | |
| 232 | 5) Put into `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/site-load.el' any Emacs |
| 233 | Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use |
| 234 | site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their |
| 235 | documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see |
| 236 | src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all |
| 237 | else, use site-init.el. Do not load byte-compiled code which |
| 238 | was build with a non-nil value of `byte-compile-dynamic'. |
| 239 | |
| 240 | If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or |
| 241 | site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up |
| 242 | again. If you do this, you are on your own! |
| 243 | |
| 244 | Note that, on some systems, the code you place in site-init.el must |
| 245 | not use expand-file-name or any other function which may look |
| 246 | something up in the system's password and user information database. |
| 247 | See `./etc/PROBLEMS' for more details on which systems this affects. |
| 248 | |
| 249 | The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not |
| 250 | need to create them if you have nothing to put in them. |
| 251 | |
| 252 | 6) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may |
| 253 | wish to add to various termcap entries. The files `./etc/termcap.ucb' |
| 254 | and `./etc/termcap.dat' may already contain appropriately-modified |
| 255 | entries. |
| 256 | |
| 257 | 7) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish |
| 258 | building Emacs in the standard way. The final executable file is |
| 259 | named `src/emacs'. You can execute this file "in place" without |
| 260 | copying it, if you wish; then it automatically uses the sibling |
| 261 | directories ../lisp, ../lib-src, ../info. |
| 262 | |
| 263 | Or you can "install" the executable and the other Emacs into their |
| 264 | installed locations, with `make install'. By default, Emacs's files |
| 265 | are installed in the following directories: |
| 266 | |
| 267 | `/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run - |
| 268 | `emacs', `etags', `ctags', `b2m', `emacsclient', |
| 269 | and `rcs-checkin'. |
| 270 | |
| 271 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library; |
| 272 | `VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version |
| 273 | you are installing, like `18.59' or `19.27'. Since the |
| 274 | Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to |
| 275 | another, including the version number in the path |
| 276 | allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed |
| 277 | at the same time; in particular, you don't have to |
| 278 | make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version. |
| 279 | |
| 280 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp |
| 281 | files installed for Emacs version VERSION only. |
| 282 | |
| 283 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp |
| 284 | files installed for all Emacs versions. |
| 285 | |
| 286 | When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files |
| 287 | in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in |
| 288 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in |
| 289 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'. |
| 290 | |
| 291 | `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
| 292 | file, the `yow' database, and other |
| 293 | architecture-independent files Emacs might need while |
| 294 | running. VERSION is as specified for `.../lisp'. |
| 295 | |
| 296 | `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable |
| 297 | programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to |
| 298 | run themselves. |
| 299 | `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are |
| 300 | installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument |
| 301 | you gave to the `configure' program to identify the |
| 302 | architecture and operating system of your machine, |
| 303 | like `mips-dec-ultrix' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since |
| 304 | these files are specific to the version of Emacs, |
| 305 | operating system, and architecture in use, including |
| 306 | the configuration name in the path allows you to have |
| 307 | several versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and |
| 308 | operating systems installed at the same time; this is |
| 309 | useful for sites at which different kinds of machines |
| 310 | share the file system Emacs is installed on. |
| 311 | |
| 312 | `/usr/local/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs, known as |
| 313 | "info files". Many other GNU programs are documented |
| 314 | using info files as well, so this directory stands |
| 315 | apart from the other, Emacs-specific directories. |
| 316 | |
| 317 | `/usr/local/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed |
| 318 | in `/usr/local/bin'. |
| 319 | |
| 320 | If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to |
| 321 | install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search |
| 322 | for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of |
| 323 | the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more |
| 324 | information on this. |
| 325 | |
| 326 | 8) Check the file `dir' in your site's info directory (usually |
| 327 | /usr/local/info) to make sure that it has a menu entry for the Emacs |
| 328 | info files. |
| 329 | |
| 330 | 9) If your system uses lock files to interlock access to mailer inbox files, |
| 331 | then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid |
| 332 | to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe. |
| 333 | |
| 334 | 10) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from |
| 335 | the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files |
| 336 | that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different |
| 337 | configuration), type `make distclean'. If you don't need some, or all |
| 338 | of the input methods from the Leim package, you can remove the |
| 339 | unneeded files in the leim/quail, leim/skk, and leim/skk-dic |
| 340 | subdirectories of your site's lisp directory (usually |
| 341 | /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/). |
| 342 | |
| 343 | |
| 344 | |
| 345 | MAKE VARIABLES |
| 346 | |
| 347 | You can change where the build process installs Emacs and its data |
| 348 | files by specifying values for `make' variables as part of the `make' |
| 349 | command line. For example, if you type |
| 350 | |
| 351 | make install bindir=/usr/local/gnubin |
| 352 | |
| 353 | the `bindir=/usr/local/gnubin' argument indicates that the Emacs |
| 354 | executable files should go in `/usr/local/gnubin', not |
| 355 | `/usr/local/bin'. |
| 356 | |
| 357 | Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set. |
| 358 | |
| 359 | `bindir' indicates where to put executable programs that users can |
| 360 | run. This defaults to /usr/local/bin. |
| 361 | |
| 362 | `datadir' indicates where to put the architecture-independent |
| 363 | read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it |
| 364 | defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following |
| 365 | subdirectories under `datadir': |
| 366 | - `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and |
| 367 | - `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
| 368 | file, and the `yow' database. |
| 369 | `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, |
| 370 | like `18.59' or `19.0'. Since these files vary from one version |
| 371 | of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path |
| 372 | allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the |
| 373 | same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs |
| 374 | unavailable while installing a new version. |
| 375 | |
| 376 | `libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that |
| 377 | Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'. |
| 378 | We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir': |
| 379 | - `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable |
| 380 | programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run |
| 381 | themselves. |
| 382 | `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, |
| 383 | and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument you gave to the |
| 384 | `configure' program to identify the architecture and operating |
| 385 | system of your machine, like `mips-dec-ultrix' or |
| 386 | `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since these files are specific to the version |
| 387 | of Emacs, operating system, and architecture in use, including |
| 388 | the configuration name in the path allows you to have several |
| 389 | versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating systems |
| 390 | installed at the same time; this is useful for sites at which |
| 391 | different kinds of machines share the file system Emacs is |
| 392 | installed on. |
| 393 | |
| 394 | `infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with |
| 395 | Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/info'. |
| 396 | |
| 397 | `mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its |
| 398 | utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to |
| 399 | `/usr/local/man/man1'. |
| 400 | |
| 401 | `manext' gives the extension the man pages should be installed with. |
| 402 | It should contain a period, followed by the appropriate |
| 403 | digit. It defaults to `.1'. For example given the default |
| 404 | values for `mandir' and `manext', the Emacs man page would be |
| 405 | installed as `/usr/local/man/man1/emacs.1'. |
| 406 | |
| 407 | `prefix' doesn't give a path for any specific part of Emacs; instead, |
| 408 | its value is used to determine the defaults for all the |
| 409 | architecture-independent path variables - `datadir', |
| 410 | `sharedstatedir', `infodir', and `mandir'. Its default value is |
| 411 | `/usr/local'; the other variables add on `lib' or `man' to it |
| 412 | by default. |
| 413 | |
| 414 | For example, suppose your site generally places GNU software |
| 415 | under `/usr/users/software/gnusoft' instead of `/usr/local'. |
| 416 | By including |
| 417 | `prefix=/usr/users/software/gnusoft' |
| 418 | in the arguments to `make', you can instruct the build process |
| 419 | to place all of the Emacs data files in the appropriate |
| 420 | directories under that path. |
| 421 | |
| 422 | `exec_prefix' serves the same purpose as `prefix', but instead |
| 423 | determines the default values for the architecture-dependent |
| 424 | path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'. |
| 425 | |
| 426 | The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all |
| 427 | GNU software; this variable is specific to Emacs. |
| 428 | |
| 429 | `archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable |
| 430 | files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while |
| 431 | running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which |
| 432 | see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' |
| 433 | (where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above). |
| 434 | |
| 435 | Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time |
| 436 | you run `make' in the top directory. If you run `make' once to build |
| 437 | emacs, test it, and then run `make' again to install the files, you |
| 438 | must provide the same variable settings each time. To make the |
| 439 | settings persist, you can edit them into the `Makefile' in the top |
| 440 | directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases |
| 441 | `Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'. |
| 442 | |
| 443 | The path for finding Lisp files is specified in src/paths.h, |
| 444 | a file which is generated by running configure. To change the path, |
| 445 | you can edit the definition of PATH_LOADSEARCH in that file |
| 446 | before you run `make'. |
| 447 | |
| 448 | The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the |
| 449 | Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them |
| 450 | when running make in the subdirectories. |
| 451 | |
| 452 | |
| 453 | CONFIGURATION BY HAND |
| 454 | |
| 455 | Instead of running the `configure' program, you have to perform the |
| 456 | following steps. |
| 457 | |
| 458 | 1) Copy `./src/config.in' to `./src/config.h'. |
| 459 | |
| 460 | 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should |
| 461 | use for your system. Look at the code of the `configure' script to |
| 462 | see which operating system and architecture description files from |
| 463 | `src/s' and `src/m' should be used for that configuration name. Edit |
| 464 | `src/config.h', and change the two `#include' directives to include |
| 465 | the appropriate system and architecture description files. |
| 466 | |
| 467 | 2) Edit `./src/config.h' to set the right options for your system. If |
| 468 | you need to override any of the definitions in the s/*.h and m/*.h |
| 469 | files for your system and machine, do so by editing config.h, not by |
| 470 | changing the s/*.h and m/*.h files. Occasionally you may need to |
| 471 | redefine parameters used in `./lib-src/movemail.c'. |
| 472 | |
| 473 | 3) Create src/Makefile and lib-src/Makefile from the corresponding |
| 474 | `Makefile.in' files. First copy `Makefile.in' to `Makefile.c', |
| 475 | then edit in appropriate substitutions for the @...@ constructs, |
| 476 | and then copy the shell commands near the end of `configure' |
| 477 | that run cpp to construct `Makefile'. |
| 478 | |
| 479 | 4) Create `Makefile' files in various other directories |
| 480 | from the corresponding `Makefile.in' files. This isn't so hard, |
| 481 | just a matter of substitution. |
| 482 | |
| 483 | The `configure' script is built from `configure.in' by the `autoconf' |
| 484 | program. You need version 2.0 or newer of `autoconf' to rebuild `configure'. |
| 485 | |
| 486 | BUILDING GNU EMACS BY HAND |
| 487 | |
| 488 | Once Emacs is configured, running `make' in the top directory performs |
| 489 | the following steps. |
| 490 | |
| 491 | 1) Run `make src/paths.h' in the top directory. This produces |
| 492 | `./src/paths.h' from the template file `./src/paths.in', changing |
| 493 | the paths to the values specified in `./Makefile'. |
| 494 | |
| 495 | 2) Go to directory `./lib-src' and run `make'. This creates |
| 496 | executables named `ctags' and `etags' and `wakeup' and `make-docfile' |
| 497 | and `digest-doc' and `test-distrib'. And others. |
| 498 | |
| 499 | 3) Go to directory `./src' and Run `make'. This refers to files in |
| 500 | the `./lisp' and `./lib-src' subdirectories using names `../lisp' and |
| 501 | `../lib-src'. |
| 502 | |
| 503 | This creates a file `./src/emacs' which is the runnable Emacs, |
| 504 | which has another name that contains a version number. |
| 505 | Each time you do this, that version number increments in the last place. |
| 506 | |
| 507 | It also creates a file in `./etc' whose name is `DOC' followed by the |
| 508 | current Emacs version. This file contains documentation strings for |
| 509 | all the functions in Emacs. Each time you run make to make a new |
| 510 | emacs, a new DOC file with a new name is made. You must keep the DOC |
| 511 | file for an Emacs version as long as you keep using that Emacs |
| 512 | version. |
| 513 | |
| 514 | |
| 515 | INSTALLATION BY HAND |
| 516 | |
| 517 | The steps below are done by running `make install' in the main |
| 518 | directory of the Emacs distribution. |
| 519 | |
| 520 | 1) Copy `./lisp' and its subdirectories, `./etc', and the executables |
| 521 | in `./lib-src' to their final destinations, as selected in `./src/paths.h'. |
| 522 | |
| 523 | Strictly speaking, not all of the executables in `./lib-src' need be copied. |
| 524 | - The programs `cvtmail', `emacsserver', `fakemail', `hexl', |
| 525 | `movemail', `profile', `rcs2log', `timer', `vcdiff', `wakeup', |
| 526 | and `yow' are used by Emacs; they do need to be copied. |
| 527 | - The programs `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', `b2m', and `rcs-checkin' |
| 528 | are intended to be run by users; they are handled below. |
| 529 | - The programs `make-docfile' and `test-distrib' were |
| 530 | used in building Emacs, and are not needed any more. |
| 531 | - The programs `digest-doc' and `sorted-doc' convert a `DOC' file into |
| 532 | a file for users to read. There is no important reason to move them. |
| 533 | |
| 534 | 2) Copy the files in `./info' to the place specified in |
| 535 | `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/paths.el'. Note that if the |
| 536 | destination directory already contains a file named `dir', you |
| 537 | probably don't want to replace it with the `dir' file in the Emacs |
| 538 | distribution. Instead, you should make sure that the existing `dir' |
| 539 | file contains an appropriate menu entry for the Emacs info. |
| 540 | |
| 541 | 3) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory |
| 542 | in users' search paths. `./src/emacs' has an alternate name |
| 543 | `./src/emacs-EMACSVERSION'; you may wish to make a symbolic link named |
| 544 | `/usr/local/bin/emacs' pointing to that alternate name, as an easy way |
| 545 | of installing different versions. |
| 546 | |
| 547 | You can delete `./src/temacs'. |
| 548 | |
| 549 | 4) Copy the programs `b2m', `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and |
| 550 | `rcs-checkin' from `./lib-src' to `/usr/local/bin'. These programs are |
| 551 | intended for users to run. |
| 552 | |
| 553 | 5) Copy the man pages in `./etc' for emacs, ctags, and etags into the |
| 554 | appropriate man directories. |
| 555 | |
| 556 | 6) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not |
| 557 | used by Emacs once it is built. However, it is very desirable to keep |
| 558 | the source on line for debugging. |
| 559 | |
| 560 | |
| 561 | PROBLEMS |
| 562 | |
| 563 | See the file PROBLEMS in etc subdirectory for a list of various |
| 564 | problems sometimes encountered, and what to do about them. |
| 565 | |
| 566 | |
| 567 | Installation on MSDOG (a.k.a. MSDOS) |
| 568 | |
| 569 | To install on MSDOG, you need to have the GNU C compiler for MSDOG |
| 570 | (also known as djgpp), GNU Make, rm, mv, and sed. See the remarks in |
| 571 | config.bat for more information about locations and versions. The |
| 572 | file etc/FAQ includes pointers to Internet sites where you can find |
| 573 | the necessary utilities; search for "MS-DOS". The configuration step |
| 574 | (see below) will test for these utilities and will refuse to continue |
| 575 | if any of them isn't found. |
| 576 | |
| 577 | If you are building the MSDOG version of Emacs on an MSDOG-like system |
| 578 | which supports long file names (e.g. Windows 95), you need to make |
| 579 | sure that long file names are handled consistently both when you |
| 580 | unpack the distribution and compile it. If you intend to compile with |
| 581 | DJGPP v2.0 or later, and long file names support is enabled (LFN=y in |
| 582 | the environment), you need to unpack Emacs distribution in a way that |
| 583 | doesn't truncate the original long filenames to the DOS 8.3 namespace; |
| 584 | the easiest way to do this is to use djtar program which comes with |
| 585 | DJGPP, since it will note the LFN setting and behave accordingly. |
| 586 | DJGPP v1 doesn't support long filenames, so you must unpack Emacs with |
| 587 | a program that truncates the filenames to 8.3 naming as it extracts |
| 588 | files; again, using djtar after setting LFN=n is the recommended way. |
| 589 | You can build Emacs with LFN=n even if you use DJGPP v2, if some of |
| 590 | your tools don't support long file names: just ensure that LFN is set |
| 591 | to `n' during both unpacking and compiling. |
| 592 | |
| 593 | (By the time you read this, you have already unpacked the Emacs |
| 594 | distribution, but if the explanations above imply that you should have |
| 595 | done it differently, it's safer to delete the directory tree created |
| 596 | by the unpacking program and unpack Emacs again, than to risk running |
| 597 | into problems during the build process.) |
| 598 | |
| 599 | It is important to understand that the runtime support of long file |
| 600 | names by the Emacs binary is NOT affected by the LFN setting during |
| 601 | compilation; Emacs compiled with DJGPP v2.0 or later will always |
| 602 | support long file names on Windows 95 no matter what was the setting |
| 603 | of LFN at compile time. However, if you compiled with LFN disabled |
| 604 | and want to enable LFN support after Emacs was already built, you need |
| 605 | to make sure that the support files in the lisp, etc and info |
| 606 | directories are called by their original long names as found in the |
| 607 | distribution. You can do this either by renaming the files manually, |
| 608 | or by extracting them from the original distribution archive with |
| 609 | djtar after you set LFN=y in the environment. |
| 610 | |
| 611 | To unpack Emacs with djtar, type this command: |
| 612 | |
| 613 | djtar -x emacs.tgz |
| 614 | |
| 615 | (This assumes that the Emacs distribution is called `emacs.tgz' on |
| 616 | your system.) |
| 617 | |
| 618 | If you need to type international characters, you will need to unpack |
| 619 | the Leim distribution (see the description near the beginning of this |
| 620 | file). You unpack it from the same directory where you unpacked |
| 621 | Emacs. To unpack Leim with djtar, assuming the Leim distribution is |
| 622 | called `leim.tgz', type this command: |
| 623 | |
| 624 | djtar -x leim.tgz |
| 625 | |
| 626 | If you want to print international characters, install the intlfonts |
| 627 | distribution. For this, create a directory called `fonts' under the |
| 628 | Emacs top-level directory (usually called `emacs-XX.YY') created by |
| 629 | unpacking emacs.tgz, chdir into the directory emacs-XX.YY/fonts, and |
| 630 | type this: |
| 631 | |
| 632 | djtar -x intlfonts.tgz |
| 633 | |
| 634 | When unpacking is done, a directory called `emacs-XX.YY' will be |
| 635 | created, where XX.YY is the Emacs version. To build and install |
| 636 | Emacs, chdir to that directory and type these commands: |
| 637 | |
| 638 | config msdos |
| 639 | make install |
| 640 | |
| 641 | To install the international fonts, chdir to the intlfonts-X.Y |
| 642 | directory created when you unpacked the intlfonts distribution (X.Y is |
| 643 | the version number of the fonts' distribution), and type the following |
| 644 | command: |
| 645 | |
| 646 | make bdf INSTALLDIR=.. |
| 647 | |
| 648 | After Make finishes, you may remove the directory intlfonts-X.Y; the |
| 649 | fonts are installed into the fonts/bdf subdirectory of the top-level |
| 650 | Emacs directory, and that is where Emacs will look for them by |
| 651 | default. |
| 652 | |
| 653 | Building Emacs creates executable files in the src and lib-src |
| 654 | directories. Installing Emacs on MSDOS moves these executables to a |
| 655 | sibling directory called bin. For example, if you build in directory |
| 656 | /emacs, installing moves the executables from /emacs/src and |
| 657 | /emacs/lib-src to the directory /emacs/bin, so you can then delete the |
| 658 | subdirectories /emacs/src and /emacs/lib-src if you wish. The only |
| 659 | subdirectories you need to keep are bin, lisp, etc and info. (If you |
| 660 | installed Leim, keep the leim subdirectory, and if you installed |
| 661 | intlfonts, keep the fonts directory and all its sibdirectories as well.) |
| 662 | The bin subdirectory should be added to your PATH. The msdos |
| 663 | subdirectory includes a PIF and an icon file for Emacs which you might |
| 664 | find useful if you run Emacs under MS Windows. |
| 665 | |
| 666 | Emacs on MSDOS finds the lisp, etc and info directories by looking in |
| 667 | ../lisp, ../etc and ../info, starting from the directory where the |
| 668 | Emacs executable was run from. You can override this by setting the |
| 669 | environment variables EMACSDATA (for the location of `etc' directory), |
| 670 | EMACSLOADPATH (for the location of `lisp' directory) and INFOPATH (for |
| 671 | the location of the `info' directory). |
| 672 | |
| 673 | MSDOG is a not a multitasking operating system, so Emacs features such |
| 674 | as asynchronous subprocesses that depend on multitasking will not |
| 675 | work. Synchronous subprocesses do work. |
| 676 | |
| 677 | Version 2.0 of djgpp has two bugs that affect Emacs. We've included |
| 678 | corrected versions of two files from djgpp in the msdos subdirectory: |
| 679 | is_exec.c and sigaction.c. To work around the bugs, compile these |
| 680 | files and link them into temacs. Djgpp version 2.01 have these bugs |
| 681 | fixed, so upgrade if you can before building Emacs. |