| 1 | %&tex |
| 2 | % |
| 3 | % Title: GNU Emacs Survival Card |
| 4 | % Author: Wlodek Bzyl <matwb@univ.gda.pl> |
| 5 | % |
| 6 | % $Revision: 1.8 $ |
| 7 | % $Date: 2000/05/05 22:00:48 $ |
| 8 | % |
| 9 | %**start of header |
| 10 | |
| 11 | % User interface is `plain.tex' and macros described below |
| 12 | % |
| 13 | % \title{CARD TITLE}{for version 21} |
| 14 | % \section{NAME} |
| 15 | % optional paragraphs separated with \askip amount of vertical space |
| 16 | % \key{KEY-NAME} description of key or |
| 17 | % \mkey{M-x LONG-LISP-NAME} description of Elisp function |
| 18 | % |
| 19 | % \kbd{ARG} -- argument is typed literally |
| 20 | |
| 21 | \def\plainfmtname{plain} |
| 22 | \ifx\fmtname\plainfmtname |
| 23 | \else |
| 24 | \errmessage{This file requires `plain' format to be typeset correctly} |
| 25 | \endinput |
| 26 | \fi |
| 27 | |
| 28 | % Copyright (c) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 29 | |
| 30 | % This file is part of GNU Emacs. |
| 31 | |
| 32 | % GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
| 33 | % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
| 34 | % the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) |
| 35 | % any later version. |
| 36 | |
| 37 | % GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
| 38 | % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
| 39 | % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
| 40 | % GNU General Public License for more details. |
| 41 | |
| 42 | % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
| 43 | % along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to |
| 44 | % the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, |
| 45 | % Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. |
| 46 | |
| 47 | \def\versionnumber{1.0} |
| 48 | \def\year{2000} |
| 49 | |
| 50 | \def\copyrightnotice{\penalty-1\vfill |
| 51 | \vbox{\smallfont\baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip\raggedcenter |
| 52 | Copyright \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.\break |
| 53 | Version \versionnumber{} for GNU Emacs 21, April 2000\break |
| 54 | Project W{\l}odek Bzyl (matwb@univ.gda.pl) |
| 55 | |
| 56 | Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of |
| 57 | this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
| 58 | are preserved on all copies.\par}} |
| 59 | |
| 60 | \hsize 3.2in |
| 61 | \vsize 7.95in |
| 62 | \font\titlefont=cmss10 scaled 1200 |
| 63 | \font\headingfont=cmss10 |
| 64 | \font\smallfont=cmr6 |
| 65 | \font\smallsy=cmsy6 |
| 66 | \font\eightrm=cmr8 |
| 67 | \font\eightbf=cmbx8 |
| 68 | \font\eightit=cmti8 |
| 69 | \font\eighttt=cmtt8 |
| 70 | \font\eightmi=cmmi8 |
| 71 | \font\eightsy=cmsy8 |
| 72 | \font\eightss=cmss8 |
| 73 | \textfont0=\eightrm |
| 74 | \textfont1=\eightmi |
| 75 | \textfont2=\eightsy |
| 76 | \def\rm{\eightrm} \rm |
| 77 | \def\bf{\eightbf} |
| 78 | \def\it{\eightit} |
| 79 | \def\tt{\eighttt} |
| 80 | \def\ss{\eightss} |
| 81 | \baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip |
| 82 | |
| 83 | \newdimen\intercolumnskip % horizontal space between columns |
| 84 | \intercolumnskip=0.5in |
| 85 | |
| 86 | % The TeXbook, p. 257 |
| 87 | \let\lr=L \newbox\leftcolumn |
| 88 | \output={\if L\lr |
| 89 | \global\setbox\leftcolumn\columnbox \global\let\lr=R |
| 90 | \else |
| 91 | \doubleformat \global\let\lr=L\fi} |
| 92 | \def\doubleformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline |
| 93 | \leftline{\box\leftcolumn\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} |
| 94 | \makefootline} |
| 95 | \advancepageno} |
| 96 | \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} |
| 97 | |
| 98 | \def\newcolumn{\vfil\eject} |
| 99 | |
| 100 | \def\bye{\par\vfil\supereject |
| 101 | \if R\lr \null\vfil\eject\fi |
| 102 | \end} |
| 103 | |
| 104 | \outer\def\title#1#2{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus 0.5ex |
| 105 | \centerline{\ss#2} |
| 106 | \vskip2\baselineskip} |
| 107 | |
| 108 | \outer\def\section#1{\filbreak |
| 109 | \bskip |
| 110 | \leftline{\headingfont #1} |
| 111 | \askip} |
| 112 | \def\bskip{\vskip 2.5ex plus 0.25ex } |
| 113 | \def\askip{\vskip 0.75ex plus 0.25ex} |
| 114 | |
| 115 | \newdimen\defwidth \defwidth=0.25\hsize |
| 116 | \def\hang{\hangindent\defwidth} |
| 117 | |
| 118 | \def\textindent#1{\noindent\llap{\hbox to \defwidth{\tt#1\hfil}}\ignorespaces} |
| 119 | \def\key{\par\hangafter=0\hang\textindent} |
| 120 | |
| 121 | \def\mtextindent#1{\noindent\hbox{\tt#1\quad}\ignorespaces} |
| 122 | \def\mkey{\par\hangafter=1\hang\mtextindent} |
| 123 | |
| 124 | \def\kbd#{\bgroup\tt \let\next= } |
| 125 | |
| 126 | \newdimen\raggedstretch |
| 127 | \newskip\raggedparfill \raggedparfill=0pt plus 1fil |
| 128 | \def\nohyphens |
| 129 | {\hyphenpenalty10000\exhyphenpenalty10000\pretolerance10000} |
| 130 | \def\raggedspaces |
| 131 | {\spaceskip=0.3333em\relax |
| 132 | \xspaceskip=0.5em\relax} |
| 133 | \def\raggedright |
| 134 | {\raggedstretch=6em |
| 135 | \nohyphens |
| 136 | \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch |
| 137 | \raggedspaces |
| 138 | \parfillskip=\raggedparfill |
| 139 | \relax} |
| 140 | \def\raggedcenter |
| 141 | {\raggedstretch=6em |
| 142 | \nohyphens |
| 143 | \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch |
| 144 | \leftskip=\rightskip |
| 145 | \raggedspaces |
| 146 | \parfillskip=0pt |
| 147 | \relax} |
| 148 | |
| 149 | \chardef\\=`\\ |
| 150 | |
| 151 | \raggedright |
| 152 | \nopagenumbers |
| 153 | \parindent 0pt |
| 154 | \interlinepenalty=10000 |
| 155 | \hoffset -0.2in |
| 156 | %\voffset 0.2in |
| 157 | |
| 158 | %**end of header |
| 159 | \f |
| 160 | |
| 161 | \title{GNU\ \ Emacs\ \ Survival\ \ Card}{for version 21} |
| 162 | |
| 163 | In the following, \kbd{C-z} means hit the `\kbd{z}' key while |
| 164 | holding down the {\it Ctrl}\ \ key. \kbd{M-z} means hit the |
| 165 | `\kbd{z}' key while hitting the {\it Meta\/} (labeled {\it Alt\/} |
| 166 | on some keyboards) or after hitting {\it Esc\/} key. |
| 167 | |
| 168 | \section{Running Emacs} |
| 169 | |
| 170 | To enter GNU Emacs, just type its name: \kbd{emacs}. |
| 171 | Emacs divides the frame into several areas: |
| 172 | menu line, |
| 173 | buffer area with the edited text, |
| 174 | mode line describing the buffer in the window above it, |
| 175 | and a minibuffer/echo area in the last line. |
| 176 | \askip |
| 177 | \key{C-x C-c} quit Emacs |
| 178 | \key{C-x C-f} edit file; this command uses the minibuffer to read |
| 179 | the file name; use this to create new files by entering the name |
| 180 | of the new file |
| 181 | \key{C-x C-s} save the file |
| 182 | \key{C-x k} kill a buffer |
| 183 | \key{C-g} in most context: cancel, stop, abort partially typed or |
| 184 | executing command |
| 185 | \key{C-x u} undo |
| 186 | |
| 187 | \section{Moving About} |
| 188 | |
| 189 | \key{C-l} scroll current line to center of window |
| 190 | \key{C-x b} switch to another buffer |
| 191 | \key{M-<} move to beginning of buffer |
| 192 | \key{M->} move to end of buffer |
| 193 | \key{M-x goto-line} go to a given line number |
| 194 | |
| 195 | \section{Multiple Windows} |
| 196 | |
| 197 | \key{C-x 0} remove the current window from the display |
| 198 | \key{C-x 1} make active window the only window |
| 199 | \key{C-x 2} split window horizontally |
| 200 | \key{C-x 3} split window vertically |
| 201 | \key{C-x o} move to other window |
| 202 | |
| 203 | \section{Regions} |
| 204 | |
| 205 | Emacs defines a `region' as the space between the {\it mark\/} and |
| 206 | the {\it point}. A mark is set with \kbd{C-{\it space}}. |
| 207 | The point is at the cursor position. |
| 208 | \askip |
| 209 | \key{M-h} mark entire paragraph |
| 210 | \key{C-x h} mark entire buffer |
| 211 | |
| 212 | \section{Killing and Copying} |
| 213 | |
| 214 | \key{C-w} kill region |
| 215 | \key{M-w} copy region to kill-ring |
| 216 | \key{C-k} kill from the cursor all the way to the end of the line |
| 217 | \key{M-DEL} kill word |
| 218 | \key{C-y} yank back the last kill (\kbd{C-w C-y} combination could be |
| 219 | used to move text around) |
| 220 | \key{M-y} replace last yank with previous kill |
| 221 | |
| 222 | \section{Searching} |
| 223 | |
| 224 | \key{C-s} search for a string |
| 225 | \key{C-r} search for a string backwards |
| 226 | \key{RET} quit searching |
| 227 | \key{M-C-s} regular expression search |
| 228 | \key{M-C-r} reverse regular expression search |
| 229 | \askip |
| 230 | Use \kbd{C-s} or \kbd{C-r} again to repeat the search in either direction. |
| 231 | |
| 232 | \section{Tags} |
| 233 | |
| 234 | Tags tables files record locations of function and |
| 235 | procedure definitions, global variables, data types and anything |
| 236 | else convenient. To create a tags table file, type |
| 237 | `{\tt etags} {\it input\_files}' as a shell command. |
| 238 | \askip |
| 239 | \key{M-.} find a definition |
| 240 | \key{C-u M-.} find next occurrence of definition |
| 241 | \key{M-*} pop back to where \kbd{M-.} was last invoked |
| 242 | \mkey{M-x tags-query-replace} run query-replace on all files |
| 243 | recorded in tags table |
| 244 | \key{M-,} continue last tags search or query-replace |
| 245 | |
| 246 | \section{Compiling} |
| 247 | |
| 248 | \key{M-x compile} compile code in active window |
| 249 | \key{C-c C-c} go to the next compiler error, when in |
| 250 | the compile window or |
| 251 | \key{C-x `} when in the window with source code |
| 252 | |
| 253 | \section{Dired, the Directory Editor} |
| 254 | |
| 255 | \key{C-x d} invoke Dired |
| 256 | \key{d} flag this file for deletion |
| 257 | \key{\~{}} flag all backup files for deletion |
| 258 | \key{u} remove deletion flag |
| 259 | \key{x} delete the files flagged for deletion |
| 260 | \key{C} copy file |
| 261 | \key{g} update the Dired buffer |
| 262 | \key{f} visit the file described on the current line |
| 263 | \key{s} switch between alphabetical date/time order |
| 264 | |
| 265 | \section{Reading and Sending Mail} |
| 266 | |
| 267 | \key{M-x rmail} start reading mail |
| 268 | \key{q} quit reading mail |
| 269 | \key{h} show headers |
| 270 | \key{d} mark the current message for deletion |
| 271 | \key{x} remove all messages marked for deletion |
| 272 | |
| 273 | \key{C-x m} begin composing a message |
| 274 | \key{C-c C-c} send the message and switch to another buffer |
| 275 | \key{C-c C-f C-c} move to the `CC' header field, creating one |
| 276 | if there is none |
| 277 | |
| 278 | \section{Miscellaneous} |
| 279 | |
| 280 | \key{M-q} fill paragraph |
| 281 | \key{M-/} expand previous word dynamically |
| 282 | \key{C-z} iconify (suspend) Emacs when running it under X or |
| 283 | shell, respectively |
| 284 | \mkey{M-x revert-buffer} replace the text being edited with the |
| 285 | text of the file on disk |
| 286 | |
| 287 | \section{Query Replace} |
| 288 | |
| 289 | \key{M-\%} interactively search and replace |
| 290 | \key{M-C-\%} using regular expressions |
| 291 | \askip |
| 292 | Valid responses in query-replace mode are |
| 293 | \askip |
| 294 | \key{SPC} replace this one, go on to next |
| 295 | \key{,} replace this one, don't move |
| 296 | \key{DEL} skip to next without replacing |
| 297 | \key{!} replace all remaining matches |
| 298 | \key{\^{}} back up to the previous match |
| 299 | \key{RET} exit query-replace |
| 300 | \key{C-r} enter recursive edit (\kbd{M-C-c} to exit) |
| 301 | |
| 302 | \section{Regular Expressions} |
| 303 | |
| 304 | \key{. {\rm(dot)}} any single character except a newline |
| 305 | \key{*} zero or more repeats |
| 306 | \key{+} one or more repeats |
| 307 | \key{?} zero or one repeat |
| 308 | \key{[$\ldots$]} denotes a class of character to match |
| 309 | \key{[\^{}$\ldots$]} negates the class |
| 310 | |
| 311 | \key{\\{\it c}} quote characters otherwise having a special |
| 312 | meaning in regular expressions |
| 313 | |
| 314 | \key{$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$} matches one of |
| 315 | the alternatives (``or'') |
| 316 | \key{\\( $\ldots$ \\)} groups a series of pattern elements to |
| 317 | a single element |
| 318 | \key{\\{\it n}} same text as {\it n\/}th group |
| 319 | |
| 320 | \key{\^{}} matches at line beginning |
| 321 | \key{\$} matches at line end |
| 322 | |
| 323 | \key{\\w} matches word-syntax character |
| 324 | \key{\\W} matches non-word-syntax character |
| 325 | \key{\\<} matches at word beginning |
| 326 | \key{\\>} matches at word end |
| 327 | \key{\\b} matches at word break |
| 328 | \key{\\B} matches at non-word break |
| 329 | |
| 330 | \section{Registers} |
| 331 | |
| 332 | \key{C-x r s} save region in register |
| 333 | \key{C-x r i} insert register contents into buffer |
| 334 | |
| 335 | \key{C-x r SPC} save value of point in register |
| 336 | \key{C-x r j} jump to point saved in register |
| 337 | |
| 338 | \section{Rectangles} |
| 339 | |
| 340 | \key{C-x r r} copy rectangle to register |
| 341 | \key{C-x r k} kill rectangle |
| 342 | \key{C-x r y} yank rectangle |
| 343 | \key{C-x r t} prefix each line with a string |
| 344 | |
| 345 | \key{C-x r o} open rectangle, shifting text right |
| 346 | \key{C-x r c} blank out rectangle |
| 347 | |
| 348 | \section{Shells} |
| 349 | |
| 350 | \key{M-x shell} start a shell within Emacs |
| 351 | \key{M-!} execute a shell command |
| 352 | \key{M-|} run a shell command on the region |
| 353 | \key{C-u M-|} filter region through a shell command |
| 354 | |
| 355 | \section{Spelling Check} |
| 356 | |
| 357 | \key{M-\$} check spelling of word at the cursor |
| 358 | \mkey{M-x ispell-region} check spelling of all words in region |
| 359 | \mkey{M-x ispell-buffer} check spelling of entire buffer |
| 360 | |
| 361 | \section{International Character Sets} |
| 362 | |
| 363 | \key{C-x RET C-\\} select and activate input method for |
| 364 | the current buffer |
| 365 | \key{C-\\} enable or disable input method |
| 366 | \mkey{M-x list-input-methods} show all input methods |
| 367 | \mkey{M-x set-language-environment} specify principal language |
| 368 | |
| 369 | \key{C-x RET c} set coding system for next command |
| 370 | \mkey{M-x find-file-literally} visit file with no conversion |
| 371 | of any kind |
| 372 | |
| 373 | \mkey{M-x list-coding-systems} show all coding systems |
| 374 | \mkey{M-x prefer-coding-system} choose preferred coding system |
| 375 | |
| 376 | \section{Keyboard Macros} |
| 377 | |
| 378 | \key{C-x (} start defining a keyboard macro |
| 379 | \key{C-x )} end keyboard macro definition |
| 380 | \key{C-x e} execute last-defined keyboard macro |
| 381 | \key{C-u C-x (} append to last keyboard macro |
| 382 | \mkey{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} name last keyboard macro |
| 383 | |
| 384 | \section{Simple Customization} |
| 385 | |
| 386 | \key{M-x customize} customize variables and faces |
| 387 | |
| 388 | \section{Getting Help} |
| 389 | |
| 390 | Emacs does command completion for you. Typing \kbd{M-x} |
| 391 | {\it tab\/} or {\it space\/} gives a list of Emacs commands. |
| 392 | \askip |
| 393 | \key{C-h} Emacs help |
| 394 | \key{C-h t} run the Emacs tutorial |
| 395 | \key{C-h i} enter Info, the documentation browser |
| 396 | \key{C-h a} show commands matching a string (apropos) |
| 397 | \key{C-h k} display documentation of the function invoked by |
| 398 | keystroke |
| 399 | \askip |
| 400 | Emacs gets into different {\it modes}, each of which customizes |
| 401 | Emacs for editing text of a particular sort. The mode line |
| 402 | contains names of the current modes, in parentheses. |
| 403 | \askip |
| 404 | \key{C-h m} get mode-specific information |
| 405 | |
| 406 | \copyrightnotice |
| 407 | |
| 408 | \bye |
| 409 | \f |
| 410 | % Local variables: |
| 411 | % compile-command: "tex survival" |
| 412 | % End: |
| 413 | |
| 414 | % arch-tag: 4f9a0562-617b-4843-aee1-450c41d6b22c |