| 1 | \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- -*- coding: iso-latin-1 -*- |
| 2 | |
| 3 | @setfilename ../info/gnus |
| 4 | @settitle Gnus Manual |
| 5 | @synindex fn cp |
| 6 | @synindex vr cp |
| 7 | @synindex pg cp |
| 8 | @dircategory Emacs |
| 9 | @direntry |
| 10 | * Gnus: (gnus). The newsreader Gnus. |
| 11 | @end direntry |
| 12 | @iftex |
| 13 | @finalout |
| 14 | @end iftex |
| 15 | @setchapternewpage odd |
| 16 | |
| 17 | @iftex |
| 18 | @iflatex |
| 19 | \documentclass[twoside,a4paper,openright,11pt]{book} |
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| 21 | \usepackage{pagestyle} |
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| 25 | |
| 26 | \makeindex |
| 27 | \begin{document} |
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| 246 | |
| 247 | @end iflatex |
| 248 | @end iftex |
| 249 | |
| 250 | @iftex |
| 251 | @iflatex |
| 252 | \begin{titlepage} |
| 253 | { |
| 254 | |
| 255 | %\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-5cm} |
| 256 | %\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-5cm} |
| 257 | \parindent=0cm |
| 258 | \addtolength{\textheight}{2cm} |
| 259 | |
| 260 | \gnustitle{\gnustitlename}\\ |
| 261 | \rule{15cm}{1mm}\\ |
| 262 | \vfill |
| 263 | \hspace*{0cm}\epsfig{figure=ps/gnus-big-logo.eps,height=15cm} |
| 264 | \vfill |
| 265 | \rule{15cm}{1mm}\\ |
| 266 | \gnusauthor{by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen} |
| 267 | \newpage |
| 268 | } |
| 269 | |
| 270 | \mbox{} |
| 271 | \vfill |
| 272 | |
| 273 | \thispagestyle{empty} |
| 274 | |
| 275 | Copyright \copyright{} 1995,96,97,98,99,2000,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 276 | |
| 277 | |
| 278 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| 279 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
| 280 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
| 281 | Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
| 282 | Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
| 283 | license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
| 284 | License'' in the Emacs manual. |
| 285 | |
| 286 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
| 287 | this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
| 288 | Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
| 289 | |
| 290 | This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
| 291 | Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
| 292 | separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
| 293 | license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
| 294 | \newpage |
| 295 | \end{titlepage} |
| 296 | @end iflatex |
| 297 | @end iftex |
| 298 | |
| 299 | @ifnottex |
| 300 | |
| 301 | This file documents Gnus, the GNU Emacs newsreader. |
| 302 | |
| 303 | Copyright (C) 1995,96,97,98,99,2000,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 304 | |
| 305 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| 306 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
| 307 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the |
| 308 | Invariant Sections being none, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
| 309 | Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
| 310 | license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
| 311 | License'' in the Emacs manual. |
| 312 | |
| 313 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
| 314 | this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
| 315 | Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
| 316 | |
| 317 | This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
| 318 | Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
| 319 | separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
| 320 | license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
| 321 | @end ifnottex |
| 322 | |
| 323 | @tex |
| 324 | |
| 325 | @titlepage |
| 326 | @title Gnus Manual |
| 327 | |
| 328 | @author by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen |
| 329 | @page |
| 330 | |
| 331 | @vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
| 332 | Copyright @copyright{} 1995,96,97,98,99,2000,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 333 | |
| 334 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| 335 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
| 336 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
| 337 | Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
| 338 | Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
| 339 | license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
| 340 | License'' in the Emacs manual. |
| 341 | |
| 342 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
| 343 | this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
| 344 | Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
| 345 | |
| 346 | This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
| 347 | Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
| 348 | separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
| 349 | license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
| 350 | |
| 351 | @end titlepage |
| 352 | @page |
| 353 | |
| 354 | @end tex |
| 355 | |
| 356 | |
| 357 | @node Top |
| 358 | @top The Gnus Newsreader |
| 359 | |
| 360 | @ifinfo |
| 361 | |
| 362 | You can read news (and mail) from within Emacs by using Gnus. The news |
| 363 | can be gotten by any nefarious means you can think of---@sc{nntp}, local |
| 364 | spool or your mbox file. All at the same time, if you want to push your |
| 365 | luck. |
| 366 | |
| 367 | This manual corresponds to Gnus 5.9.0. |
| 368 | |
| 369 | @end ifinfo |
| 370 | |
| 371 | @iftex |
| 372 | |
| 373 | @iflatex |
| 374 | \tableofcontents |
| 375 | \gnuscleardoublepage |
| 376 | @end iflatex |
| 377 | |
| 378 | Gnus is the advanced, self-documenting, customizable, extensible |
| 379 | unreal-time newsreader for GNU Emacs. |
| 380 | |
| 381 | Oops. That sounds oddly familiar, so let's start over again to avoid |
| 382 | being accused of plagiarism: |
| 383 | |
| 384 | Gnus is a message-reading laboratory. It will let you look at just |
| 385 | about anything as if it were a newsgroup. You can read mail with it, |
| 386 | you can browse directories with it, you can @code{ftp} with it---you |
| 387 | can even read news with it! |
| 388 | |
| 389 | Gnus tries to empower people who read news the same way Emacs empowers |
| 390 | people who edit text. Gnus sets no limits to what the user should be |
| 391 | allowed to do. Users are encouraged to extend Gnus to make it behave |
| 392 | like they want it to behave. A program should not control people; |
| 393 | people should be empowered to do what they want by using (or abusing) |
| 394 | the program. |
| 395 | |
| 396 | @end iftex |
| 397 | |
| 398 | @menu |
| 399 | * Starting Up:: Finding news can be a pain. |
| 400 | * The Group Buffer:: Selecting, subscribing and killing groups. |
| 401 | * The Summary Buffer:: Reading, saving and posting articles. |
| 402 | * The Article Buffer:: Displaying and handling articles. |
| 403 | * Composing Messages:: Information on sending mail and news. |
| 404 | * Select Methods:: Gnus reads all messages from various select methods. |
| 405 | * Scoring:: Assigning values to articles. |
| 406 | * Various:: General purpose settings. |
| 407 | * The End:: Farewell and goodbye. |
| 408 | * Appendices:: Terminology, Emacs intro, FAQ, History, Internals. |
| 409 | * Index:: Variable, function and concept index. |
| 410 | * Key Index:: Key Index. |
| 411 | |
| 412 | @detailmenu |
| 413 | --- The Detailed Node Listing --- |
| 414 | |
| 415 | Starting Gnus |
| 416 | |
| 417 | * Finding the News:: Choosing a method for getting news. |
| 418 | * The First Time:: What does Gnus do the first time you start it? |
| 419 | * The Server is Down:: How can I read my mail then? |
| 420 | * Slave Gnusae:: You can have more than one Gnus active at a time. |
| 421 | * Fetching a Group:: Starting Gnus just to read a group. |
| 422 | * New Groups:: What is Gnus supposed to do with new groups? |
| 423 | * Startup Files:: Those pesky startup files---@file{.newsrc}. |
| 424 | * Auto Save:: Recovering from a crash. |
| 425 | * The Active File:: Reading the active file over a slow line Takes Time. |
| 426 | * Changing Servers:: You may want to move from one server to another. |
| 427 | * Startup Variables:: Other variables you might change. |
| 428 | |
| 429 | New Groups |
| 430 | |
| 431 | * Checking New Groups:: Determining what groups are new. |
| 432 | * Subscription Methods:: What Gnus should do with new groups. |
| 433 | * Filtering New Groups:: Making Gnus ignore certain new groups. |
| 434 | |
| 435 | The Group Buffer |
| 436 | |
| 437 | * Group Buffer Format:: Information listed and how you can change it. |
| 438 | * Group Maneuvering:: Commands for moving in the group buffer. |
| 439 | * Selecting a Group:: Actually reading news. |
| 440 | * Group Data:: Changing the info for a group. |
| 441 | * Subscription Commands:: Unsubscribing, killing, subscribing. |
| 442 | * Group Levels:: Levels? What are those, then? |
| 443 | * Group Score:: A mechanism for finding out what groups you like. |
| 444 | * Marking Groups:: You can mark groups for later processing. |
| 445 | * Foreign Groups:: Creating and editing groups. |
| 446 | * Group Parameters:: Each group may have different parameters set. |
| 447 | * Listing Groups:: Gnus can list various subsets of the groups. |
| 448 | * Sorting Groups:: Re-arrange the group order. |
| 449 | * Group Maintenance:: Maintaining a tidy @file{.newsrc} file. |
| 450 | * Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer. |
| 451 | * Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done. |
| 452 | * Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics. |
| 453 | * Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do. |
| 454 | |
| 455 | Group Buffer Format |
| 456 | |
| 457 | * Group Line Specification:: Deciding how the group buffer is to look. |
| 458 | * Group Modeline Specification:: The group buffer modeline. |
| 459 | * Group Highlighting:: Having nice colors in the group buffer. |
| 460 | |
| 461 | Group Topics |
| 462 | |
| 463 | * Topic Variables:: How to customize the topics the Lisp Way. |
| 464 | * Topic Commands:: Interactive E-Z commands. |
| 465 | * Topic Sorting:: Sorting each topic individually. |
| 466 | * Topic Topology:: A map of the world. |
| 467 | * Topic Parameters:: Parameters that apply to all groups in a topic. |
| 468 | |
| 469 | Misc Group Stuff |
| 470 | |
| 471 | * Scanning New Messages:: Asking Gnus to see whether new messages have arrived. |
| 472 | * Group Information:: Information and help on groups and Gnus. |
| 473 | * Group Timestamp:: Making Gnus keep track of when you last read a group. |
| 474 | * File Commands:: Reading and writing the Gnus files. |
| 475 | |
| 476 | The Summary Buffer |
| 477 | |
| 478 | * Summary Buffer Format:: Deciding how the summary buffer is to look. |
| 479 | * Summary Maneuvering:: Moving around the summary buffer. |
| 480 | * Choosing Articles:: Reading articles. |
| 481 | * Paging the Article:: Scrolling the current article. |
| 482 | * Reply Followup and Post:: Posting articles. |
| 483 | * Marking Articles:: Marking articles as read, expirable, etc. |
| 484 | * Limiting:: You can limit the summary buffer. |
| 485 | * Threading:: How threads are made. |
| 486 | * Sorting:: How articles and threads are sorted. |
| 487 | * Asynchronous Fetching:: Gnus might be able to pre-fetch articles. |
| 488 | * Article Caching:: You may store articles in a cache. |
| 489 | * Persistent Articles:: Making articles expiry-resistant. |
| 490 | * Article Backlog:: Having already read articles hang around. |
| 491 | * Saving Articles:: Ways of customizing article saving. |
| 492 | * Decoding Articles:: Gnus can treat series of (uu)encoded articles. |
| 493 | * Article Treatment:: The article buffer can be mangled at will. |
| 494 | * MIME Commands:: Doing MIMEy things with the articles. |
| 495 | * Charsets:: Character set issues. |
| 496 | * Article Commands:: Doing various things with the article buffer. |
| 497 | * Summary Sorting:: Sorting the summary buffer in various ways. |
| 498 | * Finding the Parent:: No child support? Get the parent. |
| 499 | * Alternative Approaches:: Reading using non-default summaries. |
| 500 | * Tree Display:: A more visual display of threads. |
| 501 | * Mail Group Commands:: Some commands can only be used in mail groups. |
| 502 | * Various Summary Stuff:: What didn't fit anywhere else. |
| 503 | * Exiting the Summary Buffer:: Returning to the Group buffer. |
| 504 | * Crosspost Handling:: How crossposted articles are dealt with. |
| 505 | * Duplicate Suppression:: An alternative when crosspost handling fails. |
| 506 | |
| 507 | Summary Buffer Format |
| 508 | |
| 509 | * Summary Buffer Lines:: You can specify how summary lines should look. |
| 510 | * To From Newsgroups:: How to not display your own name. |
| 511 | * Summary Buffer Mode Line:: You can say how the mode line should look. |
| 512 | * Summary Highlighting:: Making the summary buffer all pretty and nice. |
| 513 | |
| 514 | Choosing Articles |
| 515 | |
| 516 | * Choosing Commands:: Commands for choosing articles. |
| 517 | * Choosing Variables:: Variables that influence these commands. |
| 518 | |
| 519 | Reply, Followup and Post |
| 520 | |
| 521 | * Summary Mail Commands:: Sending mail. |
| 522 | * Summary Post Commands:: Sending news. |
| 523 | * Summary Message Commands:: Other Message-related commands. |
| 524 | * Canceling and Superseding:: ``Whoops, I shouldn't have called him that.'' |
| 525 | |
| 526 | Marking Articles |
| 527 | |
| 528 | * Unread Articles:: Marks for unread articles. |
| 529 | * Read Articles:: Marks for read articles. |
| 530 | * Other Marks:: Marks that do not affect readedness. |
| 531 | * Setting Marks:: How to set and remove marks. |
| 532 | * Generic Marking Commands:: How to customize the marking. |
| 533 | * Setting Process Marks:: How to mark articles for later processing. |
| 534 | |
| 535 | Threading |
| 536 | |
| 537 | * Customizing Threading:: Variables you can change to affect the threading. |
| 538 | * Thread Commands:: Thread based commands in the summary buffer. |
| 539 | |
| 540 | Customizing Threading |
| 541 | |
| 542 | * Loose Threads:: How Gnus gathers loose threads into bigger threads. |
| 543 | * Filling In Threads:: Making the threads displayed look fuller. |
| 544 | * More Threading:: Even more variables for fiddling with threads. |
| 545 | * Low-Level Threading:: You thought it was over... but you were wrong! |
| 546 | |
| 547 | Decoding Articles |
| 548 | |
| 549 | * Uuencoded Articles:: Uudecode articles. |
| 550 | * Shell Archives:: Unshar articles. |
| 551 | * PostScript Files:: Split PostScript. |
| 552 | * Other Files:: Plain save and binhex. |
| 553 | * Decoding Variables:: Variables for a happy decoding. |
| 554 | * Viewing Files:: You want to look at the result of the decoding? |
| 555 | |
| 556 | Decoding Variables |
| 557 | |
| 558 | * Rule Variables:: Variables that say how a file is to be viewed. |
| 559 | * Other Decode Variables:: Other decode variables. |
| 560 | * Uuencoding and Posting:: Variables for customizing uuencoding. |
| 561 | |
| 562 | Article Treatment |
| 563 | |
| 564 | * Article Highlighting:: You want to make the article look like fruit salad. |
| 565 | * Article Fontisizing:: Making emphasized text look nice. |
| 566 | * Article Hiding:: You also want to make certain info go away. |
| 567 | * Article Washing:: Lots of way-neat functions to make life better. |
| 568 | * Article Buttons:: Click on URLs, Message-IDs, addresses and the like. |
| 569 | * Article Date:: Grumble, UT! |
| 570 | * Article Signature:: What is a signature? |
| 571 | * Article Miscellania:: Various other stuff. |
| 572 | |
| 573 | Alternative Approaches |
| 574 | |
| 575 | * Pick and Read:: First mark articles and then read them. |
| 576 | * Binary Groups:: Auto-decode all articles. |
| 577 | |
| 578 | Various Summary Stuff |
| 579 | |
| 580 | * Summary Group Information:: Information oriented commands. |
| 581 | * Searching for Articles:: Multiple article commands. |
| 582 | * Summary Generation Commands:: (Re)generating the summary buffer. |
| 583 | * Really Various Summary Commands:: Those pesky non-conformant commands. |
| 584 | |
| 585 | The Article Buffer |
| 586 | |
| 587 | * Hiding Headers:: Deciding what headers should be displayed. |
| 588 | * Using MIME:: Pushing articles through @sc{mime} before reading them. |
| 589 | * Customizing Articles:: Tailoring the look of the articles. |
| 590 | * Article Keymap:: Keystrokes available in the article buffer. |
| 591 | * Misc Article:: Other stuff. |
| 592 | |
| 593 | Composing Messages |
| 594 | |
| 595 | * Mail:: Mailing and replying. |
| 596 | * Posting Server:: What server should you post via? |
| 597 | * Mail and Post:: Mailing and posting at the same time. |
| 598 | * Archived Messages:: Where Gnus stores the messages you've sent. |
| 599 | * Posting Styles:: An easier way to specify who you are. |
| 600 | * Drafts:: Postponing messages and rejected messages. |
| 601 | * Rejected Articles:: What happens if the server doesn't like your article? |
| 602 | |
| 603 | Select Methods |
| 604 | |
| 605 | * The Server Buffer:: Making and editing virtual servers. |
| 606 | * Getting News:: Reading USENET news with Gnus. |
| 607 | * Getting Mail:: Reading your personal mail with Gnus. |
| 608 | * Browsing the Web:: Getting messages from a plethora of Web sources. |
| 609 | * Other Sources:: Reading directories, files, SOUP packets. |
| 610 | * Combined Groups:: Combining groups into one group. |
| 611 | * Gnus Unplugged:: Reading news and mail offline. |
| 612 | |
| 613 | The Server Buffer |
| 614 | |
| 615 | * Server Buffer Format:: You can customize the look of this buffer. |
| 616 | * Server Commands:: Commands to manipulate servers. |
| 617 | * Example Methods:: Examples server specifications. |
| 618 | * Creating a Virtual Server:: An example session. |
| 619 | * Server Variables:: Which variables to set. |
| 620 | * Servers and Methods:: You can use server names as select methods. |
| 621 | * Unavailable Servers:: Some servers you try to contact may be down. |
| 622 | |
| 623 | Getting News |
| 624 | |
| 625 | * NNTP:: Reading news from an @sc{nntp} server. |
| 626 | * News Spool:: Reading news from the local spool. |
| 627 | |
| 628 | Getting Mail |
| 629 | |
| 630 | * Mail in a Newsreader:: Important introductory notes. |
| 631 | * Getting Started Reading Mail:: A simple cookbook example. |
| 632 | * Splitting Mail:: How to create mail groups. |
| 633 | * Mail Sources:: How to tell Gnus where to get mail from. |
| 634 | * Mail Back End Variables:: Variables for customizing mail handling. |
| 635 | * Fancy Mail Splitting:: Gnus can do hairy splitting of incoming mail. |
| 636 | * Group Mail Splitting:: Use group customize to drive mail splitting. |
| 637 | * Incorporating Old Mail:: What about the old mail you have? |
| 638 | * Expiring Mail:: Getting rid of unwanted mail. |
| 639 | * Washing Mail:: Removing cruft from the mail you get. |
| 640 | * Duplicates:: Dealing with duplicated mail. |
| 641 | * Not Reading Mail:: Using mail back ends for reading other files. |
| 642 | * Choosing a Mail Back End:: Gnus can read a variety of mail formats. |
| 643 | |
| 644 | Mail Sources |
| 645 | |
| 646 | * Mail Source Specifiers:: How to specify what a mail source is. |
| 647 | * Mail Source Customization:: Some variables that influence things. |
| 648 | * Fetching Mail:: Using the mail source specifiers. |
| 649 | |
| 650 | Choosing a Mail Back End |
| 651 | |
| 652 | * Unix Mail Box:: Using the (quite) standard Un*x mbox. |
| 653 | * Rmail Babyl:: Emacs programs use the rmail babyl format. |
| 654 | * Mail Spool:: Store your mail in a private spool? |
| 655 | * MH Spool:: An mhspool-like back end. |
| 656 | * Mail Folders:: Having one file for each group. |
| 657 | * Comparing Mail Back Ends:: An in-depth looks at pros and cons. |
| 658 | |
| 659 | Browsing the Web |
| 660 | |
| 661 | * Web Searches:: Creating groups from articles that match a string. |
| 662 | * Slashdot:: Reading the Slashdot comments. |
| 663 | * Ultimate:: The Ultimate Bulletin Board systems. |
| 664 | * Web Archive:: Reading mailing list archived on web. |
| 665 | |
| 666 | Other Sources |
| 667 | |
| 668 | * Directory Groups:: You can read a directory as if it was a newsgroup. |
| 669 | * Anything Groups:: Dired? Who needs dired? |
| 670 | * Document Groups:: Single files can be the basis of a group. |
| 671 | * SOUP:: Reading @sc{soup} packets ``offline''. |
| 672 | * Mail-To-News Gateways:: Posting articles via mail-to-news gateways. |
| 673 | * IMAP:: Using Gnus as a @sc{imap} client. |
| 674 | |
| 675 | Document Groups |
| 676 | |
| 677 | * Document Server Internals:: How to add your own document types. |
| 678 | |
| 679 | SOUP |
| 680 | |
| 681 | * SOUP Commands:: Commands for creating and sending @sc{soup} packets |
| 682 | * SOUP Groups:: A back end for reading @sc{soup} packets. |
| 683 | * SOUP Replies:: How to enable @code{nnsoup} to take over mail and news. |
| 684 | |
| 685 | @sc{imap} |
| 686 | |
| 687 | * Splitting in IMAP:: Splitting mail with nnimap. |
| 688 | * Editing IMAP ACLs:: Limiting/enabling other users access to a mailbox. |
| 689 | * Expunging mailboxes:: Equivalent of a "compress mailbox" button. |
| 690 | |
| 691 | Combined Groups |
| 692 | |
| 693 | * Virtual Groups:: Combining articles from many groups. |
| 694 | * Kibozed Groups:: Looking through parts of the newsfeed for articles. |
| 695 | |
| 696 | Gnus Unplugged |
| 697 | |
| 698 | * Agent Basics:: How it all is supposed to work. |
| 699 | * Agent Categories:: How to tell the Gnus Agent what to download. |
| 700 | * Agent Commands:: New commands for all the buffers. |
| 701 | * Agent Expiry:: How to make old articles go away. |
| 702 | * Agent and IMAP:: How to use the Agent with IMAP. |
| 703 | * Outgoing Messages:: What happens when you post/mail something? |
| 704 | * Agent Variables:: Customizing is fun. |
| 705 | * Example Setup:: An example @file{.gnus.el} file for offline people. |
| 706 | * Batching Agents:: How to fetch news from a @code{cron} job. |
| 707 | * Agent Caveats:: What you think it'll do and what it does. |
| 708 | |
| 709 | Agent Categories |
| 710 | |
| 711 | * Category Syntax:: What a category looks like. |
| 712 | * The Category Buffer:: A buffer for maintaining categories. |
| 713 | * Category Variables:: Customize'r'Us. |
| 714 | |
| 715 | Agent Commands |
| 716 | |
| 717 | * Group Agent Commands:: |
| 718 | * Summary Agent Commands:: |
| 719 | * Server Agent Commands:: |
| 720 | |
| 721 | Scoring |
| 722 | |
| 723 | * Summary Score Commands:: Adding score entries for the current group. |
| 724 | * Group Score Commands:: General score commands. |
| 725 | * Score Variables:: Customize your scoring. (My, what terminology). |
| 726 | * Score File Format:: What a score file may contain. |
| 727 | * Score File Editing:: You can edit score files by hand as well. |
| 728 | * Adaptive Scoring:: Big Sister Gnus knows what you read. |
| 729 | * Home Score File:: How to say where new score entries are to go. |
| 730 | * Followups To Yourself:: Having Gnus notice when people answer you. |
| 731 | * Scoring Tips:: How to score effectively. |
| 732 | * Reverse Scoring:: That problem child of old is not problem. |
| 733 | * Global Score Files:: Earth-spanning, ear-splitting score files. |
| 734 | * Kill Files:: They are still here, but they can be ignored. |
| 735 | * Converting Kill Files:: Translating kill files to score files. |
| 736 | * GroupLens:: Getting predictions on what you like to read. |
| 737 | * Advanced Scoring:: Using logical expressions to build score rules. |
| 738 | * Score Decays:: It can be useful to let scores wither away. |
| 739 | |
| 740 | GroupLens |
| 741 | |
| 742 | * Using GroupLens:: How to make Gnus use GroupLens. |
| 743 | * Rating Articles:: Letting GroupLens know how you rate articles. |
| 744 | * Displaying Predictions:: Displaying predictions given by GroupLens. |
| 745 | * GroupLens Variables:: Customizing GroupLens. |
| 746 | |
| 747 | Advanced Scoring |
| 748 | |
| 749 | * Advanced Scoring Syntax:: A definition. |
| 750 | * Advanced Scoring Examples:: What they look like. |
| 751 | * Advanced Scoring Tips:: Getting the most out of it. |
| 752 | |
| 753 | Various |
| 754 | |
| 755 | * Process/Prefix:: A convention used by many treatment commands. |
| 756 | * Interactive:: Making Gnus ask you many questions. |
| 757 | * Symbolic Prefixes:: How to supply some Gnus functions with options. |
| 758 | * Formatting Variables:: You can specify what buffers should look like. |
| 759 | * Windows Configuration:: Configuring the Gnus buffer windows. |
| 760 | * Faces and Fonts:: How to change how faces look. |
| 761 | * Compilation:: How to speed Gnus up. |
| 762 | * Mode Lines:: Displaying information in the mode lines. |
| 763 | * Highlighting and Menus:: Making buffers look all nice and cozy. |
| 764 | * Buttons:: Get tendinitis in ten easy steps! |
| 765 | * Daemons:: Gnus can do things behind your back. |
| 766 | * NoCeM:: How to avoid spam and other fatty foods. |
| 767 | * Undo:: Some actions can be undone. |
| 768 | * Moderation:: What to do if you're a moderator. |
| 769 | * XEmacs Enhancements:: There are more pictures and stuff under XEmacs. |
| 770 | * Fuzzy Matching:: What's the big fuzz? |
| 771 | * Thwarting Email Spam:: A how-to on avoiding unsolicited commercial email. |
| 772 | * Various Various:: Things that are really various. |
| 773 | |
| 774 | Formatting Variables |
| 775 | |
| 776 | * Formatting Basics:: A formatting variable is basically a format string. |
| 777 | * Mode Line Formatting:: Some rules about mode line formatting variables. |
| 778 | * Advanced Formatting:: Modifying output in various ways. |
| 779 | * User-Defined Specs:: Having Gnus call your own functions. |
| 780 | * Formatting Fonts:: Making the formatting look colorful and nice. |
| 781 | |
| 782 | XEmacs Enhancements |
| 783 | |
| 784 | * Picons:: How to display pictures of what your reading. |
| 785 | * Smileys:: Show all those happy faces the way they were meant to be shown. |
| 786 | * Toolbar:: Click'n'drool. |
| 787 | * XVarious:: Other XEmacsy Gnusey variables. |
| 788 | |
| 789 | Picons |
| 790 | |
| 791 | * Picon Basics:: What are picons and How do I get them. |
| 792 | * Picon Requirements:: Don't go further if you aren't using XEmacs. |
| 793 | * Easy Picons:: Displaying Picons---the easy way. |
| 794 | * Hard Picons:: The way you should do it. You'll learn something. |
| 795 | * Picon Useless Configuration:: Other variables you can trash/tweak/munge/play with. |
| 796 | |
| 797 | Appendices |
| 798 | |
| 799 | * History:: How Gnus got where it is today. |
| 800 | * On Writing Manuals:: Why this is not a beginner's guide. |
| 801 | * Terminology:: We use really difficult, like, words here. |
| 802 | * Customization:: Tailoring Gnus to your needs. |
| 803 | * Troubleshooting:: What you might try if things do not work. |
| 804 | * Gnus Reference Guide:: Rilly, rilly technical stuff. |
| 805 | * Emacs for Heathens:: A short introduction to Emacsian terms. |
| 806 | * Frequently Asked Questions:: A question-and-answer session. |
| 807 | |
| 808 | History |
| 809 | |
| 810 | * Gnus Versions:: What Gnus versions have been released. |
| 811 | * Other Gnus Versions:: Other Gnus versions that also have been released. |
| 812 | * Why?:: What's the point of Gnus? |
| 813 | * Compatibility:: Just how compatible is Gnus with @sc{gnus}? |
| 814 | * Conformity:: Gnus tries to conform to all standards. |
| 815 | * Emacsen:: Gnus can be run on a few modern Emacsen. |
| 816 | * Gnus Development:: How Gnus is developed. |
| 817 | * Contributors:: Oodles of people. |
| 818 | * New Features:: Pointers to some of the new stuff in Gnus. |
| 819 | |
| 820 | New Features |
| 821 | |
| 822 | * ding Gnus:: New things in Gnus 5.0/5.1, the first new Gnus. |
| 823 | * September Gnus:: The Thing Formally Known As Gnus 5.2/5.3. |
| 824 | * Red Gnus:: Third time best---Gnus 5.4/5.5. |
| 825 | * Quassia Gnus:: Two times two is four, or Gnus 5.6/5.7. |
| 826 | * Pterodactyl Gnus:: Pentad also starts with P, AKA Gnus 5.8/5.9. |
| 827 | |
| 828 | Customization |
| 829 | |
| 830 | * Slow/Expensive Connection:: You run a local Emacs and get the news elsewhere. |
| 831 | * Slow Terminal Connection:: You run a remote Emacs. |
| 832 | * Little Disk Space:: You feel that having large setup files is icky. |
| 833 | * Slow Machine:: You feel like buying a faster machine. |
| 834 | |
| 835 | Gnus Reference Guide |
| 836 | |
| 837 | * Gnus Utility Functions:: Common functions and variable to use. |
| 838 | * Back End Interface:: How Gnus communicates with the servers. |
| 839 | * Score File Syntax:: A BNF definition of the score file standard. |
| 840 | * Headers:: How Gnus stores headers internally. |
| 841 | * Ranges:: A handy format for storing mucho numbers. |
| 842 | * Group Info:: The group info format. |
| 843 | * Extended Interactive:: Symbolic prefixes and stuff. |
| 844 | * Emacs/XEmacs Code:: Gnus can be run under all modern Emacsen. |
| 845 | * Various File Formats:: Formats of files that Gnus use. |
| 846 | |
| 847 | Back End Interface |
| 848 | |
| 849 | * Required Back End Functions:: Functions that must be implemented. |
| 850 | * Optional Back End Functions:: Functions that need not be implemented. |
| 851 | * Error Messaging:: How to get messages and report errors. |
| 852 | * Writing New Back Ends:: Extending old back ends. |
| 853 | * Hooking New Back Ends Into Gnus:: What has to be done on the Gnus end. |
| 854 | * Mail-like Back Ends:: Some tips on mail back ends. |
| 855 | |
| 856 | Various File Formats |
| 857 | |
| 858 | * Active File Format:: Information on articles and groups available. |
| 859 | * Newsgroups File Format:: Group descriptions. |
| 860 | |
| 861 | Emacs for Heathens |
| 862 | |
| 863 | * Keystrokes:: Entering text and executing commands. |
| 864 | * Emacs Lisp:: The built-in Emacs programming language. |
| 865 | |
| 866 | @end detailmenu |
| 867 | @end menu |
| 868 | |
| 869 | @node Starting Up |
| 870 | @chapter Starting Gnus |
| 871 | @cindex starting up |
| 872 | |
| 873 | @kindex M-x gnus |
| 874 | @findex gnus |
| 875 | If your system administrator has set things up properly, starting Gnus |
| 876 | and reading news is extremely easy---you just type @kbd{M-x gnus} in |
| 877 | your Emacs. |
| 878 | |
| 879 | @findex gnus-other-frame |
| 880 | @kindex M-x gnus-other-frame |
| 881 | If you want to start Gnus in a different frame, you can use the command |
| 882 | @kbd{M-x gnus-other-frame} instead. |
| 883 | |
| 884 | If things do not go smoothly at startup, you have to twiddle some |
| 885 | variables in your @file{~/.gnus} file. This file is similar to |
| 886 | @file{~/.emacs}, but is read when gnus starts. |
| 887 | |
| 888 | If you puzzle at any terms used in this manual, please refer to the |
| 889 | terminology section (@pxref{Terminology}). |
| 890 | |
| 891 | @menu |
| 892 | * Finding the News:: Choosing a method for getting news. |
| 893 | * The First Time:: What does Gnus do the first time you start it? |
| 894 | * The Server is Down:: How can I read my mail then? |
| 895 | * Slave Gnusae:: You can have more than one Gnus active at a time. |
| 896 | * Fetching a Group:: Starting Gnus just to read a group. |
| 897 | * New Groups:: What is Gnus supposed to do with new groups? |
| 898 | * Startup Files:: Those pesky startup files---@file{.newsrc}. |
| 899 | * Auto Save:: Recovering from a crash. |
| 900 | * The Active File:: Reading the active file over a slow line Takes Time. |
| 901 | * Changing Servers:: You may want to move from one server to another. |
| 902 | * Startup Variables:: Other variables you might change. |
| 903 | @end menu |
| 904 | |
| 905 | |
| 906 | @node Finding the News |
| 907 | @section Finding the News |
| 908 | @cindex finding news |
| 909 | |
| 910 | @vindex gnus-select-method |
| 911 | @c @head |
| 912 | The @code{gnus-select-method} variable says where Gnus should look for |
| 913 | news. This variable should be a list where the first element says |
| 914 | @dfn{how} and the second element says @dfn{where}. This method is your |
| 915 | native method. All groups not fetched with this method are |
| 916 | foreign groups. |
| 917 | |
| 918 | For instance, if the @samp{news.somewhere.edu} @sc{nntp} server is where |
| 919 | you want to get your daily dosage of news from, you'd say: |
| 920 | |
| 921 | @lisp |
| 922 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.somewhere.edu")) |
| 923 | @end lisp |
| 924 | |
| 925 | If you want to read directly from the local spool, say: |
| 926 | |
| 927 | @lisp |
| 928 | (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) |
| 929 | @end lisp |
| 930 | |
| 931 | If you can use a local spool, you probably should, as it will almost |
| 932 | certainly be much faster. |
| 933 | |
| 934 | @vindex gnus-nntpserver-file |
| 935 | @cindex NNTPSERVER |
| 936 | @cindex @sc{nntp} server |
| 937 | If this variable is not set, Gnus will take a look at the |
| 938 | @code{NNTPSERVER} environment variable. If that variable isn't set, |
| 939 | Gnus will see whether @code{gnus-nntpserver-file} |
| 940 | (@file{/etc/nntpserver} by default) has any opinions on the matter. If |
| 941 | that fails as well, Gnus will try to use the machine running Emacs as an @sc{nntp} server. That's a long shot, though. |
| 942 | |
| 943 | @vindex gnus-nntp-server |
| 944 | If @code{gnus-nntp-server} is set, this variable will override |
| 945 | @code{gnus-select-method}. You should therefore set |
| 946 | @code{gnus-nntp-server} to @code{nil}, which is what it is by default. |
| 947 | |
| 948 | @vindex gnus-secondary-servers |
| 949 | @vindex gnus-nntp-server |
| 950 | You can also make Gnus prompt you interactively for the name of an |
| 951 | @sc{nntp} server. If you give a non-numerical prefix to @code{gnus} |
| 952 | (i.e., @kbd{C-u M-x gnus}), Gnus will let you choose between the servers |
| 953 | in the @code{gnus-secondary-servers} list (if any). You can also just |
| 954 | type in the name of any server you feel like visiting. (Note that this |
| 955 | will set @code{gnus-nntp-server}, which means that if you then @kbd{M-x |
| 956 | gnus} later in the same Emacs session, Gnus will contact the same |
| 957 | server.) |
| 958 | |
| 959 | @findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server |
| 960 | @kindex B @r{(Group)} |
| 961 | However, if you use one @sc{nntp} server regularly and are just |
| 962 | interested in a couple of groups from a different server, you would be |
| 963 | better served by using the @kbd{B} command in the group buffer. It will |
| 964 | let you have a look at what groups are available, and you can subscribe |
| 965 | to any of the groups you want to. This also makes @file{.newsrc} |
| 966 | maintenance much tidier. @xref{Foreign Groups}. |
| 967 | |
| 968 | @vindex gnus-secondary-select-methods |
| 969 | @c @head |
| 970 | A slightly different approach to foreign groups is to set the |
| 971 | @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods} variable. The select methods |
| 972 | listed in this variable are in many ways just as native as the |
| 973 | @code{gnus-select-method} server. They will also be queried for active |
| 974 | files during startup (if that's required), and new newsgroups that |
| 975 | appear on these servers will be subscribed (or not) just as native |
| 976 | groups are. |
| 977 | |
| 978 | For instance, if you use the @code{nnmbox} back end to read your mail, |
| 979 | you would typically set this variable to |
| 980 | |
| 981 | @lisp |
| 982 | (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnmbox ""))) |
| 983 | @end lisp |
| 984 | |
| 985 | |
| 986 | @node The First Time |
| 987 | @section The First Time |
| 988 | @cindex first time usage |
| 989 | |
| 990 | If no startup files exist, Gnus will try to determine what groups should |
| 991 | be subscribed by default. |
| 992 | |
| 993 | @vindex gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups |
| 994 | If the variable @code{gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups} is set, Gnus |
| 995 | will subscribe you to just those groups in that list, leaving the rest |
| 996 | killed. Your system administrator should have set this variable to |
| 997 | something useful. |
| 998 | |
| 999 | Since she hasn't, Gnus will just subscribe you to a few arbitrarily |
| 1000 | picked groups (i.e., @samp{*.newusers}). (@dfn{Arbitrary} is defined |
| 1001 | here as @dfn{whatever Lars thinks you should read}.) |
| 1002 | |
| 1003 | You'll also be subscribed to the Gnus documentation group, which should |
| 1004 | help you with most common problems. |
| 1005 | |
| 1006 | If @code{gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups} is @code{t}, Gnus will just |
| 1007 | use the normal functions for handling new groups, and not do anything |
| 1008 | special. |
| 1009 | |
| 1010 | |
| 1011 | @node The Server is Down |
| 1012 | @section The Server is Down |
| 1013 | @cindex server errors |
| 1014 | |
| 1015 | If the default server is down, Gnus will understandably have some |
| 1016 | problems starting. However, if you have some mail groups in addition to |
| 1017 | the news groups, you may want to start Gnus anyway. |
| 1018 | |
| 1019 | Gnus, being the trusting sort of program, will ask whether to proceed |
| 1020 | without a native select method if that server can't be contacted. This |
| 1021 | will happen whether the server doesn't actually exist (i.e., you have |
| 1022 | given the wrong address) or the server has just momentarily taken ill |
| 1023 | for some reason or other. If you decide to continue and have no foreign |
| 1024 | groups, you'll find it difficult to actually do anything in the group |
| 1025 | buffer. But, hey, that's your problem. Blllrph! |
| 1026 | |
| 1027 | @findex gnus-no-server |
| 1028 | @kindex M-x gnus-no-server |
| 1029 | @c @head |
| 1030 | If you know that the server is definitely down, or you just want to read |
| 1031 | your mail without bothering with the server at all, you can use the |
| 1032 | @code{gnus-no-server} command to start Gnus. That might come in handy |
| 1033 | if you're in a hurry as well. This command will not attempt to contact |
| 1034 | your primary server---instead, it will just activate all groups on level |
| 1035 | 1 and 2. (You should preferably keep no native groups on those two |
| 1036 | levels.) |
| 1037 | |
| 1038 | |
| 1039 | @node Slave Gnusae |
| 1040 | @section Slave Gnusae |
| 1041 | @cindex slave |
| 1042 | |
| 1043 | You might want to run more than one Emacs with more than one Gnus at the |
| 1044 | same time. If you are using different @file{.newsrc} files (e.g., if you |
| 1045 | are using the two different Gnusae to read from two different servers), |
| 1046 | that is no problem whatsoever. You just do it. |
| 1047 | |
| 1048 | The problem appears when you want to run two Gnusae that use the same |
| 1049 | @code{.newsrc} file. |
| 1050 | |
| 1051 | To work around that problem some, we here at the Think-Tank at the Gnus |
| 1052 | Towers have come up with a new concept: @dfn{Masters} and |
| 1053 | @dfn{slaves}. (We have applied for a patent on this concept, and have |
| 1054 | taken out a copyright on those words. If you wish to use those words in |
| 1055 | conjunction with each other, you have to send $1 per usage instance to |
| 1056 | me. Usage of the patent (@dfn{Master/Slave Relationships In Computer |
| 1057 | Applications}) will be much more expensive, of course.) |
| 1058 | |
| 1059 | Anyway, you start one Gnus up the normal way with @kbd{M-x gnus} (or |
| 1060 | however you do it). Each subsequent slave Gnusae should be started with |
| 1061 | @kbd{M-x gnus-slave}. These slaves won't save normal @file{.newsrc} |
| 1062 | files, but instead save @dfn{slave files} that contain information only |
| 1063 | on what groups have been read in the slave session. When a master Gnus |
| 1064 | starts, it will read (and delete) these slave files, incorporating all |
| 1065 | information from them. (The slave files will be read in the sequence |
| 1066 | they were created, so the latest changes will have precedence.) |
| 1067 | |
| 1068 | Information from the slave files has, of course, precedence over the |
| 1069 | information in the normal (i.e., master) @code{.newsrc} file. |
| 1070 | |
| 1071 | |
| 1072 | @node Fetching a Group |
| 1073 | @section Fetching a Group |
| 1074 | @cindex fetching a group |
| 1075 | |
| 1076 | @findex gnus-fetch-group |
| 1077 | It is sometimes convenient to be able to just say ``I want to read this |
| 1078 | group and I don't care whether Gnus has been started or not''. This is |
| 1079 | perhaps more useful for people who write code than for users, but the |
| 1080 | command @code{gnus-fetch-group} provides this functionality in any case. |
| 1081 | It takes the group name as a parameter. |
| 1082 | |
| 1083 | |
| 1084 | @node New Groups |
| 1085 | @section New Groups |
| 1086 | @cindex new groups |
| 1087 | @cindex subscription |
| 1088 | |
| 1089 | @vindex gnus-check-new-newsgroups |
| 1090 | If you are satisfied that you really never want to see any new groups, |
| 1091 | you can set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{nil}. This will |
| 1092 | also save you some time at startup. Even if this variable is |
| 1093 | @code{nil}, you can always subscribe to the new groups just by pressing |
| 1094 | @kbd{U} in the group buffer (@pxref{Group Maintenance}). This variable |
| 1095 | is @code{ask-server} by default. If you set this variable to |
| 1096 | @code{always}, then Gnus will query the back ends for new groups even |
| 1097 | when you do the @kbd{g} command (@pxref{Scanning New Messages}). |
| 1098 | |
| 1099 | @menu |
| 1100 | * Checking New Groups:: Determining what groups are new. |
| 1101 | * Subscription Methods:: What Gnus should do with new groups. |
| 1102 | * Filtering New Groups:: Making Gnus ignore certain new groups. |
| 1103 | @end menu |
| 1104 | |
| 1105 | |
| 1106 | @node Checking New Groups |
| 1107 | @subsection Checking New Groups |
| 1108 | |
| 1109 | Gnus normally determines whether a group is new or not by comparing the |
| 1110 | list of groups from the active file(s) with the lists of subscribed and |
| 1111 | dead groups. This isn't a particularly fast method. If |
| 1112 | @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} is @code{ask-server}, Gnus will ask the |
| 1113 | server for new groups since the last time. This is both faster and |
| 1114 | cheaper. This also means that you can get rid of the list of killed |
| 1115 | groups altogether, so you may set @code{gnus-save-killed-list} to |
| 1116 | @code{nil}, which will save time both at startup, at exit, and all over. |
| 1117 | Saves disk space, too. Why isn't this the default, then? |
| 1118 | Unfortunately, not all servers support this command. |
| 1119 | |
| 1120 | I bet I know what you're thinking now: How do I find out whether my |
| 1121 | server supports @code{ask-server}? No? Good, because I don't have a |
| 1122 | fail-safe answer. I would suggest just setting this variable to |
| 1123 | @code{ask-server} and see whether any new groups appear within the next |
| 1124 | few days. If any do, then it works. If none do, then it doesn't |
| 1125 | work. I could write a function to make Gnus guess whether the server |
| 1126 | supports @code{ask-server}, but it would just be a guess. So I won't. |
| 1127 | You could @code{telnet} to the server and say @code{HELP} and see |
| 1128 | whether it lists @samp{NEWGROUPS} among the commands it understands. If |
| 1129 | it does, then it might work. (But there are servers that lists |
| 1130 | @samp{NEWGROUPS} without supporting the function properly.) |
| 1131 | |
| 1132 | This variable can also be a list of select methods. If so, Gnus will |
| 1133 | issue an @code{ask-server} command to each of the select methods, and |
| 1134 | subscribe them (or not) using the normal methods. This might be handy |
| 1135 | if you are monitoring a few servers for new groups. A side effect is |
| 1136 | that startup will take much longer, so you can meditate while waiting. |
| 1137 | Use the mantra ``dingnusdingnusdingnus'' to achieve permanent bliss. |
| 1138 | |
| 1139 | |
| 1140 | @node Subscription Methods |
| 1141 | @subsection Subscription Methods |
| 1142 | |
| 1143 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method |
| 1144 | What Gnus does when it encounters a new group is determined by the |
| 1145 | @code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method} variable. |
| 1146 | |
| 1147 | This variable should contain a function. This function will be called |
| 1148 | with the name of the new group as the only parameter. |
| 1149 | |
| 1150 | Some handy pre-fab functions are: |
| 1151 | |
| 1152 | @table @code |
| 1153 | |
| 1154 | @item gnus-subscribe-zombies |
| 1155 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-zombies |
| 1156 | Make all new groups zombies. This is the default. You can browse the |
| 1157 | zombies later (with @kbd{A z}) and either kill them all off properly |
| 1158 | (with @kbd{S z}), or subscribe to them (with @kbd{u}). |
| 1159 | |
| 1160 | @item gnus-subscribe-randomly |
| 1161 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-randomly |
| 1162 | Subscribe all new groups in arbitrary order. This really means that all |
| 1163 | new groups will be added at ``the top'' of the group buffer. |
| 1164 | |
| 1165 | @item gnus-subscribe-alphabetically |
| 1166 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-alphabetically |
| 1167 | Subscribe all new groups in alphabetical order. |
| 1168 | |
| 1169 | @item gnus-subscribe-hierarchically |
| 1170 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-hierarchically |
| 1171 | Subscribe all new groups hierarchically. The difference between this |
| 1172 | function and @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically} is slight. |
| 1173 | @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically} will subscribe new groups in a strictly |
| 1174 | alphabetical fashion, while this function will enter groups into its |
| 1175 | hierarchy. So if you want to have the @samp{rec} hierarchy before the |
| 1176 | @samp{comp} hierarchy, this function will not mess that configuration |
| 1177 | up. Or something like that. |
| 1178 | |
| 1179 | @item gnus-subscribe-interactively |
| 1180 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-interactively |
| 1181 | Subscribe new groups interactively. This means that Gnus will ask |
| 1182 | you about @strong{all} new groups. The groups you choose to subscribe |
| 1183 | to will be subscribed hierarchically. |
| 1184 | |
| 1185 | @item gnus-subscribe-killed |
| 1186 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-killed |
| 1187 | Kill all new groups. |
| 1188 | |
| 1189 | @item gnus-subscribe-topics |
| 1190 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-topics |
| 1191 | Put the groups into the topic that has a matching @code{subscribe} topic |
| 1192 | parameter (@pxref{Topic Parameters}). For instance, a @code{subscribe} |
| 1193 | topic parameter that looks like |
| 1194 | |
| 1195 | @example |
| 1196 | "nnslashdot" |
| 1197 | @end example |
| 1198 | |
| 1199 | will mean that all groups that match that regex will be subscribed under |
| 1200 | that topic. |
| 1201 | |
| 1202 | If no topics match the groups, the groups will be subscribed in the |
| 1203 | top-level topic. |
| 1204 | |
| 1205 | @end table |
| 1206 | |
| 1207 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive |
| 1208 | A closely related variable is |
| 1209 | @code{gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive}. (That's quite a |
| 1210 | mouthful.) If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will ask you in a |
| 1211 | hierarchical fashion whether to subscribe to new groups or not. Gnus |
| 1212 | will ask you for each sub-hierarchy whether you want to descend the |
| 1213 | hierarchy or not. |
| 1214 | |
| 1215 | One common mistake is to set the variable a few paragraphs above |
| 1216 | (@code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method}) to |
| 1217 | @code{gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive}. This is an error. This |
| 1218 | will not work. This is ga-ga. So don't do it. |
| 1219 | |
| 1220 | |
| 1221 | @node Filtering New Groups |
| 1222 | @subsection Filtering New Groups |
| 1223 | |
| 1224 | A nice and portable way to control which new newsgroups should be |
| 1225 | subscribed (or ignored) is to put an @dfn{options} line at the start of |
| 1226 | the @file{.newsrc} file. Here's an example: |
| 1227 | |
| 1228 | @example |
| 1229 | options -n !alt.all !rec.all sci.all |
| 1230 | @end example |
| 1231 | |
| 1232 | @vindex gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method |
| 1233 | This line obviously belongs to a serious-minded intellectual scientific |
| 1234 | person (or she may just be plain old boring), because it says that all |
| 1235 | groups that have names beginning with @samp{alt} and @samp{rec} should |
| 1236 | be ignored, and all groups with names beginning with @samp{sci} should |
| 1237 | be subscribed. Gnus will not use the normal subscription method for |
| 1238 | subscribing these groups. |
| 1239 | @code{gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method} is used instead. This |
| 1240 | variable defaults to @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically}. |
| 1241 | |
| 1242 | @vindex gnus-options-not-subscribe |
| 1243 | @vindex gnus-options-subscribe |
| 1244 | If you don't want to mess with your @file{.newsrc} file, you can just |
| 1245 | set the two variables @code{gnus-options-subscribe} and |
| 1246 | @code{gnus-options-not-subscribe}. These two variables do exactly the |
| 1247 | same as the @file{.newsrc} @samp{options -n} trick. Both are regexps, |
| 1248 | and if the new group matches the former, it will be unconditionally |
| 1249 | subscribed, and if it matches the latter, it will be ignored. |
| 1250 | |
| 1251 | @vindex gnus-auto-subscribed-groups |
| 1252 | Yet another variable that meddles here is |
| 1253 | @code{gnus-auto-subscribed-groups}. It works exactly like |
| 1254 | @code{gnus-options-subscribe}, and is therefore really superfluous, but I |
| 1255 | thought it would be nice to have two of these. This variable is more |
| 1256 | meant for setting some ground rules, while the other variable is used |
| 1257 | more for user fiddling. By default this variable makes all new groups |
| 1258 | that come from mail back ends (@code{nnml}, @code{nnbabyl}, |
| 1259 | @code{nnfolder}, @code{nnmbox}, and @code{nnmh}) subscribed. If you |
| 1260 | don't like that, just set this variable to @code{nil}. |
| 1261 | |
| 1262 | New groups that match this regexp are subscribed using |
| 1263 | @code{gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method}. |
| 1264 | |
| 1265 | |
| 1266 | @node Changing Servers |
| 1267 | @section Changing Servers |
| 1268 | @cindex changing servers |
| 1269 | |
| 1270 | Sometimes it is necessary to move from one @sc{nntp} server to another. |
| 1271 | This happens very rarely, but perhaps you change jobs, or one server is |
| 1272 | very flaky and you want to use another. |
| 1273 | |
| 1274 | Changing the server is pretty easy, right? You just change |
| 1275 | @code{gnus-select-method} to point to the new server? |
| 1276 | |
| 1277 | @emph{Wrong!} |
| 1278 | |
| 1279 | Article numbers are not (in any way) kept synchronized between different |
| 1280 | @sc{nntp} servers, and the only way Gnus keeps track of what articles |
| 1281 | you have read is by keeping track of article numbers. So when you |
| 1282 | change @code{gnus-select-method}, your @file{.newsrc} file becomes |
| 1283 | worthless. |
| 1284 | |
| 1285 | Gnus provides a few functions to attempt to translate a @file{.newsrc} |
| 1286 | file from one server to another. They all have one thing in |
| 1287 | common---they take a looong time to run. You don't want to use these |
| 1288 | functions more than absolutely necessary. |
| 1289 | |
| 1290 | @kindex M-x gnus-change-server |
| 1291 | @findex gnus-change-server |
| 1292 | If you have access to both servers, Gnus can request the headers for all |
| 1293 | the articles you have read and compare @code{Message-ID}s and map the |
| 1294 | article numbers of the read articles and article marks. The @kbd{M-x |
| 1295 | gnus-change-server} command will do this for all your native groups. It |
| 1296 | will prompt for the method you want to move to. |
| 1297 | |
| 1298 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-move-group-to-server |
| 1299 | @findex gnus-group-move-group-to-server |
| 1300 | You can also move individual groups with the @kbd{M-x |
| 1301 | gnus-group-move-group-to-server} command. This is useful if you want to |
| 1302 | move a (foreign) group from one server to another. |
| 1303 | |
| 1304 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups |
| 1305 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups |
| 1306 | If you don't have access to both the old and new server, all your marks |
| 1307 | and read ranges have become worthless. You can use the @kbd{M-x |
| 1308 | gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups} command to clear out all data |
| 1309 | that you have on your native groups. Use with caution. |
| 1310 | |
| 1311 | After changing servers, you @strong{must} move the cache hierarchy away, |
| 1312 | since the cached articles will have wrong article numbers, which will |
| 1313 | affect which articles Gnus thinks are read. |
| 1314 | |
| 1315 | |
| 1316 | @node Startup Files |
| 1317 | @section Startup Files |
| 1318 | @cindex startup files |
| 1319 | @cindex .newsrc |
| 1320 | @cindex .newsrc.el |
| 1321 | @cindex .newsrc.eld |
| 1322 | |
| 1323 | Now, you all know about the @file{.newsrc} file. All subscription |
| 1324 | information is traditionally stored in this file. |
| 1325 | |
| 1326 | Things got a bit more complicated with @sc{gnus}. In addition to |
| 1327 | keeping the @file{.newsrc} file updated, it also used a file called |
| 1328 | @file{.newsrc.el} for storing all the information that didn't fit into |
| 1329 | the @file{.newsrc} file. (Actually, it also duplicated everything in |
| 1330 | the @file{.newsrc} file.) @sc{gnus} would read whichever one of these |
| 1331 | files was the most recently saved, which enabled people to swap between |
| 1332 | @sc{gnus} and other newsreaders. |
| 1333 | |
| 1334 | That was kinda silly, so Gnus went one better: In addition to the |
| 1335 | @file{.newsrc} and @file{.newsrc.el} files, Gnus also has a file called |
| 1336 | @file{.newsrc.eld}. It will read whichever of these files that are most |
| 1337 | recent, but it will never write a @file{.newsrc.el} file. You should |
| 1338 | never delete the @file{.newsrc.eld} file---it contains much information |
| 1339 | not stored in the @file{.newsrc} file. |
| 1340 | |
| 1341 | @vindex gnus-save-newsrc-file |
| 1342 | @vindex gnus-read-newsrc-file |
| 1343 | You can turn off writing the @file{.newsrc} file by setting |
| 1344 | @code{gnus-save-newsrc-file} to @code{nil}, which means you can delete |
| 1345 | the file and save some space, as well as exiting from Gnus faster. |
| 1346 | However, this will make it impossible to use other newsreaders than |
| 1347 | Gnus. But hey, who would want to, right? Similarly, setting |
| 1348 | @code{gnus-read-newsrc-file} to @code{nil} makes Gnus ignore the |
| 1349 | @file{.newsrc} file and any @file{.newsrc-SERVER} files, which is |
| 1350 | convenient if you have a tendency to use Netscape once in a while. |
| 1351 | |
| 1352 | @vindex gnus-save-killed-list |
| 1353 | If @code{gnus-save-killed-list} (default @code{t}) is @code{nil}, Gnus |
| 1354 | will not save the list of killed groups to the startup file. This will |
| 1355 | save both time (when starting and quitting) and space (on disk). It |
| 1356 | will also mean that Gnus has no record of what groups are new or old, |
| 1357 | so the automatic new groups subscription methods become meaningless. |
| 1358 | You should always set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{nil} or |
| 1359 | @code{ask-server} if you set this variable to @code{nil} (@pxref{New |
| 1360 | Groups}). This variable can also be a regular expression. If that's |
| 1361 | the case, remove all groups that do not match this regexp before |
| 1362 | saving. This can be useful in certain obscure situations that involve |
| 1363 | several servers where not all servers support @code{ask-server}. |
| 1364 | |
| 1365 | @vindex gnus-startup-file |
| 1366 | The @code{gnus-startup-file} variable says where the startup files are. |
| 1367 | The default value is @file{~/.newsrc}, with the Gnus (El Dingo) startup |
| 1368 | file being whatever that one is, with a @samp{.eld} appended. |
| 1369 | |
| 1370 | @vindex gnus-save-newsrc-hook |
| 1371 | @vindex gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook |
| 1372 | @vindex gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook |
| 1373 | @code{gnus-save-newsrc-hook} is called before saving any of the newsrc |
| 1374 | files, while @code{gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook} is called just before |
| 1375 | saving the @file{.newsrc.eld} file, and |
| 1376 | @code{gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook} is called just before saving the |
| 1377 | @file{.newsrc} file. The latter two are commonly used to turn version |
| 1378 | control on or off. Version control is on by default when saving the |
| 1379 | startup files. If you want to turn backup creation off, say something like: |
| 1380 | |
| 1381 | @lisp |
| 1382 | (defun turn-off-backup () |
| 1383 | (set (make-local-variable 'backup-inhibited) t)) |
| 1384 | |
| 1385 | (add-hook 'gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook 'turn-off-backup) |
| 1386 | (add-hook 'gnus-save-standard-newsrc-hook 'turn-off-backup) |
| 1387 | @end lisp |
| 1388 | |
| 1389 | @vindex gnus-init-file |
| 1390 | When Gnus starts, it will read the @code{gnus-site-init-file} |
| 1391 | (@file{.../site-lisp/gnus} by default) and @code{gnus-init-file} |
| 1392 | (@file{~/.gnus} by default) files. These are normal Emacs Lisp files |
| 1393 | and can be used to avoid cluttering your @file{~/.emacs} and |
| 1394 | @file{site-init} files with Gnus stuff. Gnus will also check for files |
| 1395 | with the same names as these, but with @file{.elc} and @file{.el} |
| 1396 | suffixes. In other words, if you have set @code{gnus-init-file} to |
| 1397 | @file{~/.gnus}, it will look for @file{~/.gnus.elc}, @file{~/.gnus.el}, |
| 1398 | and finally @file{~/.gnus} (in this order). |
| 1399 | |
| 1400 | |
| 1401 | |
| 1402 | @node Auto Save |
| 1403 | @section Auto Save |
| 1404 | @cindex dribble file |
| 1405 | @cindex auto-save |
| 1406 | |
| 1407 | Whenever you do something that changes the Gnus data (reading articles, |
| 1408 | catching up, killing/subscribing groups), the change is added to a |
| 1409 | special @dfn{dribble buffer}. This buffer is auto-saved the normal |
| 1410 | Emacs way. If your Emacs should crash before you have saved the |
| 1411 | @file{.newsrc} files, all changes you have made can be recovered from |
| 1412 | this file. |
| 1413 | |
| 1414 | If Gnus detects this file at startup, it will ask the user whether to |
| 1415 | read it. The auto save file is deleted whenever the real startup file is |
| 1416 | saved. |
| 1417 | |
| 1418 | @vindex gnus-use-dribble-file |
| 1419 | If @code{gnus-use-dribble-file} is @code{nil}, Gnus won't create and |
| 1420 | maintain a dribble buffer. The default is @code{t}. |
| 1421 | |
| 1422 | @vindex gnus-dribble-directory |
| 1423 | Gnus will put the dribble file(s) in @code{gnus-dribble-directory}. If |
| 1424 | this variable is @code{nil}, which it is by default, Gnus will dribble |
| 1425 | into the directory where the @file{.newsrc} file is located. (This is |
| 1426 | normally the user's home directory.) The dribble file will get the same |
| 1427 | file permissions as the @code{.newsrc} file. |
| 1428 | |
| 1429 | @vindex gnus-always-read-dribble-file |
| 1430 | If @code{gnus-always-read-dribble-file} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will |
| 1431 | read the dribble file on startup without querying the user. |
| 1432 | |
| 1433 | |
| 1434 | @node The Active File |
| 1435 | @section The Active File |
| 1436 | @cindex active file |
| 1437 | @cindex ignored groups |
| 1438 | |
| 1439 | When Gnus starts, or indeed whenever it tries to determine whether new |
| 1440 | articles have arrived, it reads the active file. This is a very large |
| 1441 | file that lists all the active groups and articles on the server. |
| 1442 | |
| 1443 | @vindex gnus-ignored-newsgroups |
| 1444 | Before examining the active file, Gnus deletes all lines that match the |
| 1445 | regexp @code{gnus-ignored-newsgroups}. This is done primarily to reject |
| 1446 | any groups with bogus names, but you can use this variable to make Gnus |
| 1447 | ignore hierarchies you aren't ever interested in. However, this is not |
| 1448 | recommended. In fact, it's highly discouraged. Instead, @pxref{New |
| 1449 | Groups} for an overview of other variables that can be used instead. |
| 1450 | |
| 1451 | @c This variable is |
| 1452 | @c @code{nil} by default, and will slow down active file handling somewhat |
| 1453 | @c if you set it to anything else. |
| 1454 | |
| 1455 | @vindex gnus-read-active-file |
| 1456 | @c @head |
| 1457 | The active file can be rather Huge, so if you have a slow network, you |
| 1458 | can set @code{gnus-read-active-file} to @code{nil} to prevent Gnus from |
| 1459 | reading the active file. This variable is @code{some} by default. |
| 1460 | |
| 1461 | Gnus will try to make do by getting information just on the groups that |
| 1462 | you actually subscribe to. |
| 1463 | |
| 1464 | Note that if you subscribe to lots and lots of groups, setting this |
| 1465 | variable to @code{nil} will probably make Gnus slower, not faster. At |
| 1466 | present, having this variable @code{nil} will slow Gnus down |
| 1467 | considerably, unless you read news over a 2400 baud modem. |
| 1468 | |
| 1469 | This variable can also have the value @code{some}. Gnus will then |
| 1470 | attempt to read active info only on the subscribed groups. On some |
| 1471 | servers this is quite fast (on sparkling, brand new INN servers that |
| 1472 | support the @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command), on others this isn't fast |
| 1473 | at all. In any case, @code{some} should be faster than @code{nil}, and |
| 1474 | is certainly faster than @code{t} over slow lines. |
| 1475 | |
| 1476 | Some news servers (old versions of Leafnode and old versions of INN, for |
| 1477 | instance) do not support the @code{LIST ACTIVE group}. For these |
| 1478 | servers, @code{nil} is probably the most efficient value for this |
| 1479 | variable. |
| 1480 | |
| 1481 | If this variable is @code{nil}, Gnus will ask for group info in total |
| 1482 | lock-step, which isn't very fast. If it is @code{some} and you use an |
| 1483 | @sc{nntp} server, Gnus will pump out commands as fast as it can, and |
| 1484 | read all the replies in one swoop. This will normally result in better |
| 1485 | performance, but if the server does not support the aforementioned |
| 1486 | @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command, this isn't very nice to the server. |
| 1487 | |
| 1488 | If you think that starting up Gnus takes too long, try all the three |
| 1489 | different values for this variable and see what works best for you. |
| 1490 | |
| 1491 | In any case, if you use @code{some} or @code{nil}, you should definitely |
| 1492 | kill all groups that you aren't interested in to speed things up. |
| 1493 | |
| 1494 | Note that this variable also affects active file retrieval from |
| 1495 | secondary select methods. |
| 1496 | |
| 1497 | |
| 1498 | @node Startup Variables |
| 1499 | @section Startup Variables |
| 1500 | |
| 1501 | @table @code |
| 1502 | |
| 1503 | @item gnus-load-hook |
| 1504 | @vindex gnus-load-hook |
| 1505 | A hook run while Gnus is being loaded. Note that this hook will |
| 1506 | normally be run just once in each Emacs session, no matter how many |
| 1507 | times you start Gnus. |
| 1508 | |
| 1509 | @item gnus-before-startup-hook |
| 1510 | @vindex gnus-before-startup-hook |
| 1511 | A hook run after starting up Gnus successfully. |
| 1512 | |
| 1513 | @item gnus-startup-hook |
| 1514 | @vindex gnus-startup-hook |
| 1515 | A hook run as the very last thing after starting up Gnus |
| 1516 | |
| 1517 | @item gnus-started-hook |
| 1518 | @vindex gnus-started-hook |
| 1519 | A hook that is run as the very last thing after starting up Gnus |
| 1520 | successfully. |
| 1521 | |
| 1522 | @item gnus-setup-news-hook |
| 1523 | @vindex gnus-setup-news-hook |
| 1524 | A hook that is run after reading the @file{.newsrc} file(s), but before |
| 1525 | generating the group buffer. |
| 1526 | |
| 1527 | @item gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups |
| 1528 | @vindex gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups |
| 1529 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will check for and delete all bogus groups at |
| 1530 | startup. A @dfn{bogus group} is a group that you have in your |
| 1531 | @file{.newsrc} file, but doesn't exist on the news server. Checking for |
| 1532 | bogus groups can take quite a while, so to save time and resources it's |
| 1533 | best to leave this option off, and do the checking for bogus groups once |
| 1534 | in a while from the group buffer instead (@pxref{Group Maintenance}). |
| 1535 | |
| 1536 | @item gnus-inhibit-startup-message |
| 1537 | @vindex gnus-inhibit-startup-message |
| 1538 | If non-@code{nil}, the startup message won't be displayed. That way, |
| 1539 | your boss might not notice as easily that you are reading news instead |
| 1540 | of doing your job. Note that this variable is used before |
| 1541 | @file{.gnus.el} is loaded, so it should be set in @code{.emacs} instead. |
| 1542 | |
| 1543 | @item gnus-no-groups-message |
| 1544 | @vindex gnus-no-groups-message |
| 1545 | Message displayed by Gnus when no groups are available. |
| 1546 | |
| 1547 | @item gnus-play-startup-jingle |
| 1548 | @vindex gnus-play-startup-jingle |
| 1549 | If non-@code{nil}, play the Gnus jingle at startup. |
| 1550 | |
| 1551 | @item gnus-startup-jingle |
| 1552 | @vindex gnus-startup-jingle |
| 1553 | Jingle to be played if the above variable is non-@code{nil}. The |
| 1554 | default is @samp{Tuxedomoon.Jingle4.au}. |
| 1555 | |
| 1556 | @end table |
| 1557 | |
| 1558 | |
| 1559 | @node The Group Buffer |
| 1560 | @chapter The Group Buffer |
| 1561 | @cindex group buffer |
| 1562 | |
| 1563 | The @dfn{group buffer} lists all (or parts) of the available groups. It |
| 1564 | is the first buffer shown when Gnus starts, and will never be killed as |
| 1565 | long as Gnus is active. |
| 1566 | |
| 1567 | @iftex |
| 1568 | @iflatex |
| 1569 | \gnusfigure{The Group Buffer}{320}{ |
| 1570 | \put(75,50){\epsfig{figure=tmp/group.ps,height=9cm}} |
| 1571 | \put(120,37){\makebox(0,0)[t]{Buffer name}} |
| 1572 | \put(120,38){\vector(1,2){10}} |
| 1573 | \put(40,60){\makebox(0,0)[r]{Mode line}} |
| 1574 | \put(40,58){\vector(1,0){30}} |
| 1575 | \put(200,28){\makebox(0,0)[t]{Native select method}} |
| 1576 | \put(200,26){\vector(-1,2){15}} |
| 1577 | } |
| 1578 | @end iflatex |
| 1579 | @end iftex |
| 1580 | |
| 1581 | @menu |
| 1582 | * Group Buffer Format:: Information listed and how you can change it. |
| 1583 | * Group Maneuvering:: Commands for moving in the group buffer. |
| 1584 | * Selecting a Group:: Actually reading news. |
| 1585 | * Group Data:: Changing the info for a group. |
| 1586 | * Subscription Commands:: Unsubscribing, killing, subscribing. |
| 1587 | * Group Levels:: Levels? What are those, then? |
| 1588 | * Group Score:: A mechanism for finding out what groups you like. |
| 1589 | * Marking Groups:: You can mark groups for later processing. |
| 1590 | * Foreign Groups:: Creating and editing groups. |
| 1591 | * Group Parameters:: Each group may have different parameters set. |
| 1592 | * Listing Groups:: Gnus can list various subsets of the groups. |
| 1593 | * Sorting Groups:: Re-arrange the group order. |
| 1594 | * Group Maintenance:: Maintaining a tidy @file{.newsrc} file. |
| 1595 | * Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer. |
| 1596 | * Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done. |
| 1597 | * Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics. |
| 1598 | * Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do. |
| 1599 | @end menu |
| 1600 | |
| 1601 | |
| 1602 | @node Group Buffer Format |
| 1603 | @section Group Buffer Format |
| 1604 | |
| 1605 | @menu |
| 1606 | * Group Line Specification:: Deciding how the group buffer is to look. |
| 1607 | * Group Modeline Specification:: The group buffer modeline. |
| 1608 | * Group Highlighting:: Having nice colors in the group buffer. |
| 1609 | @end menu |
| 1610 | |
| 1611 | |
| 1612 | @node Group Line Specification |
| 1613 | @subsection Group Line Specification |
| 1614 | @cindex group buffer format |
| 1615 | |
| 1616 | The default format of the group buffer is nice and dull, but you can |
| 1617 | make it as exciting and ugly as you feel like. |
| 1618 | |
| 1619 | Here's a couple of example group lines: |
| 1620 | |
| 1621 | @example |
| 1622 | 25: news.announce.newusers |
| 1623 | * 0: alt.fan.andrea-dworkin |
| 1624 | @end example |
| 1625 | |
| 1626 | Quite simple, huh? |
| 1627 | |
| 1628 | You can see that there are 25 unread articles in |
| 1629 | @samp{news.announce.newusers}. There are no unread articles, but some |
| 1630 | ticked articles, in @samp{alt.fan.andrea-dworkin} (see that little |
| 1631 | asterisk at the beginning of the line?). |
| 1632 | |
| 1633 | @vindex gnus-group-line-format |
| 1634 | You can change that format to whatever you want by fiddling with the |
| 1635 | @code{gnus-group-line-format} variable. This variable works along the |
| 1636 | lines of a @code{format} specification, which is pretty much the same as |
| 1637 | a @code{printf} specifications, for those of you who use (feh!) C. |
| 1638 | @xref{Formatting Variables}. |
| 1639 | |
| 1640 | @samp{%M%S%5y: %(%g%)\n} is the value that produced those lines above. |
| 1641 | |
| 1642 | There should always be a colon on the line; the cursor always moves to |
| 1643 | the colon after performing an operation. Nothing else is required---not |
| 1644 | even the group name. All displayed text is just window dressing, and is |
| 1645 | never examined by Gnus. Gnus stores all real information it needs using |
| 1646 | text properties. |
| 1647 | |
| 1648 | (Note that if you make a really strange, wonderful, spreadsheet-like |
| 1649 | layout, everybody will believe you are hard at work with the accounting |
| 1650 | instead of wasting time reading news.) |
| 1651 | |
| 1652 | Here's a list of all available format characters: |
| 1653 | |
| 1654 | @table @samp |
| 1655 | |
| 1656 | @item M |
| 1657 | An asterisk if the group only has marked articles. |
| 1658 | |
| 1659 | @item S |
| 1660 | Whether the group is subscribed. |
| 1661 | |
| 1662 | @item L |
| 1663 | Level of subscribedness. |
| 1664 | |
| 1665 | @item N |
| 1666 | Number of unread articles. |
| 1667 | |
| 1668 | @item I |
| 1669 | Number of dormant articles. |
| 1670 | |
| 1671 | @item T |
| 1672 | Number of ticked articles. |
| 1673 | |
| 1674 | @item R |
| 1675 | Number of read articles. |
| 1676 | |
| 1677 | @item t |
| 1678 | Estimated total number of articles. (This is really @var{max-number} |
| 1679 | minus @var{min-number} plus 1.) |
| 1680 | |
| 1681 | @item y |
| 1682 | Number of unread, unticked, non-dormant articles. |
| 1683 | |
| 1684 | @item i |
| 1685 | Number of ticked and dormant articles. |
| 1686 | |
| 1687 | @item g |
| 1688 | Full group name. |
| 1689 | |
| 1690 | @item G |
| 1691 | Group name. |
| 1692 | |
| 1693 | @item D |
| 1694 | Newsgroup description. |
| 1695 | |
| 1696 | @item o |
| 1697 | @samp{m} if moderated. |
| 1698 | |
| 1699 | @item O |
| 1700 | @samp{(m)} if moderated. |
| 1701 | |
| 1702 | @item s |
| 1703 | Select method. |
| 1704 | |
| 1705 | @item n |
| 1706 | Select from where. |
| 1707 | |
| 1708 | @item z |
| 1709 | A string that looks like @samp{<%s:%n>} if a foreign select method is |
| 1710 | used. |
| 1711 | |
| 1712 | @item P |
| 1713 | Indentation based on the level of the topic (@pxref{Group Topics}). |
| 1714 | |
| 1715 | @item c |
| 1716 | @vindex gnus-group-uncollapsed-levels |
| 1717 | Short (collapsed) group name. The @code{gnus-group-uncollapsed-levels} |
| 1718 | variable says how many levels to leave at the end of the group name. |
| 1719 | The default is 1---this will mean that group names like |
| 1720 | @samp{gnu.emacs.gnus} will be shortened to @samp{g.e.gnus}. |
| 1721 | |
| 1722 | @item m |
| 1723 | @vindex gnus-new-mail-mark |
| 1724 | @cindex % |
| 1725 | @samp{%} (@code{gnus-new-mail-mark}) if there has arrived new mail to |
| 1726 | the group lately. |
| 1727 | |
| 1728 | @item p |
| 1729 | @samp{#} (@code{gnus-process-mark}) if the group is process marked. |
| 1730 | |
| 1731 | @item d |
| 1732 | A string that says when you last read the group (@pxref{Group |
| 1733 | Timestamp}). |
| 1734 | |
| 1735 | @item u |
| 1736 | User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should |
| 1737 | be a letter. Gnus will call the function |
| 1738 | @code{gnus-user-format-function-}@samp{X}, where @samp{X} is the letter |
| 1739 | following @samp{%u}. The function will be passed a single dummy |
| 1740 | parameter as argument. The function should return a string, which will |
| 1741 | be inserted into the buffer just like information from any other |
| 1742 | specifier. |
| 1743 | @end table |
| 1744 | |
| 1745 | @cindex * |
| 1746 | All the ``number-of'' specs will be filled with an asterisk (@samp{*}) |
| 1747 | if no info is available---for instance, if it is a non-activated foreign |
| 1748 | group, or a bogus native group. |
| 1749 | |
| 1750 | |
| 1751 | @node Group Modeline Specification |
| 1752 | @subsection Group Modeline Specification |
| 1753 | @cindex group modeline |
| 1754 | |
| 1755 | @vindex gnus-group-mode-line-format |
| 1756 | The mode line can be changed by setting |
| 1757 | @code{gnus-group-mode-line-format} (@pxref{Mode Line Formatting}). It |
| 1758 | doesn't understand that many format specifiers: |
| 1759 | |
| 1760 | @table @samp |
| 1761 | @item S |
| 1762 | The native news server. |
| 1763 | @item M |
| 1764 | The native select method. |
| 1765 | @end table |
| 1766 | |
| 1767 | |
| 1768 | @node Group Highlighting |
| 1769 | @subsection Group Highlighting |
| 1770 | @cindex highlighting |
| 1771 | @cindex group highlighting |
| 1772 | |
| 1773 | @vindex gnus-group-highlight |
| 1774 | Highlighting in the group buffer is controlled by the |
| 1775 | @code{gnus-group-highlight} variable. This is an alist with elements |
| 1776 | that look like @code{(@var{form} . @var{face})}. If @var{form} evaluates to |
| 1777 | something non-@code{nil}, the @var{face} will be used on the line. |
| 1778 | |
| 1779 | Here's an example value for this variable that might look nice if the |
| 1780 | background is dark: |
| 1781 | |
| 1782 | @lisp |
| 1783 | (cond (window-system |
| 1784 | (setq custom-background-mode 'light) |
| 1785 | (defface my-group-face-1 |
| 1786 | '((t (:foreground "Red" :bold t))) "First group face") |
| 1787 | (defface my-group-face-2 |
| 1788 | '((t (:foreground "DarkSeaGreen4" :bold t))) "Second group face") |
| 1789 | (defface my-group-face-3 |
| 1790 | '((t (:foreground "Green4" :bold t))) "Third group face") |
| 1791 | (defface my-group-face-4 |
| 1792 | '((t (:foreground "SteelBlue" :bold t))) "Fourth group face") |
| 1793 | (defface my-group-face-5 |
| 1794 | '((t (:foreground "Blue" :bold t))) "Fifth group face"))) |
| 1795 | |
| 1796 | (setq gnus-group-highlight |
| 1797 | '(((> unread 200) . my-group-face-1) |
| 1798 | ((and (< level 3) (zerop unread)) . my-group-face-2) |
| 1799 | ((< level 3) . my-group-face-3) |
| 1800 | ((zerop unread) . my-group-face-4) |
| 1801 | (t . my-group-face-5))) |
| 1802 | @end lisp |
| 1803 | |
| 1804 | Also @pxref{Faces and Fonts}. |
| 1805 | |
| 1806 | Variables that are dynamically bound when the forms are evaluated |
| 1807 | include: |
| 1808 | |
| 1809 | @table @code |
| 1810 | @item group |
| 1811 | The group name. |
| 1812 | @item unread |
| 1813 | The number of unread articles in the group. |
| 1814 | @item method |
| 1815 | The select method. |
| 1816 | @item mailp |
| 1817 | Whether the group is a mail group. |
| 1818 | @item level |
| 1819 | The level of the group. |
| 1820 | @item score |
| 1821 | The score of the group. |
| 1822 | @item ticked |
| 1823 | The number of ticked articles in the group. |
| 1824 | @item total |
| 1825 | The total number of articles in the group. Or rather, MAX-NUMBER minus |
| 1826 | MIN-NUMBER plus one. |
| 1827 | @item topic |
| 1828 | When using the topic minor mode, this variable is bound to the current |
| 1829 | topic being inserted. |
| 1830 | @end table |
| 1831 | |
| 1832 | When the forms are @code{eval}ed, point is at the beginning of the line |
| 1833 | of the group in question, so you can use many of the normal Gnus |
| 1834 | functions for snarfing info on the group. |
| 1835 | |
| 1836 | @vindex gnus-group-update-hook |
| 1837 | @findex gnus-group-highlight-line |
| 1838 | @code{gnus-group-update-hook} is called when a group line is changed. |
| 1839 | It will not be called when @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. This hook |
| 1840 | calls @code{gnus-group-highlight-line} by default. |
| 1841 | |
| 1842 | |
| 1843 | @node Group Maneuvering |
| 1844 | @section Group Maneuvering |
| 1845 | @cindex group movement |
| 1846 | |
| 1847 | All movement commands understand the numeric prefix and will behave as |
| 1848 | expected, hopefully. |
| 1849 | |
| 1850 | @table @kbd |
| 1851 | |
| 1852 | @item n |
| 1853 | @kindex n @r{(Group)} |
| 1854 | @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group |
| 1855 | Go to the next group that has unread articles |
| 1856 | (@code{gnus-group-next-unread-group}). |
| 1857 | |
| 1858 | @item p |
| 1859 | @itemx @key{DEL} |
| 1860 | @kindex @key{DEL} @r{(Group)} |
| 1861 | @kindex p @r{(Group)} |
| 1862 | @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group |
| 1863 | Go to the previous group that has unread articles |
| 1864 | (@code{gnus-group-prev-unread-group}). |
| 1865 | |
| 1866 | @item N |
| 1867 | @kindex N @r{(Group)} |
| 1868 | @findex gnus-group-next-group |
| 1869 | Go to the next group (@code{gnus-group-next-group}). |
| 1870 | |
| 1871 | @item P |
| 1872 | @kindex P @r{(Group)} |
| 1873 | @findex gnus-group-prev-group |
| 1874 | Go to the previous group (@code{gnus-group-prev-group}). |
| 1875 | |
| 1876 | @item M-n |
| 1877 | @kindex M-n @r{(Group)} |
| 1878 | @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level |
| 1879 | Go to the next unread group on the same (or lower) level |
| 1880 | (@code{gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level}). |
| 1881 | |
| 1882 | @item M-p |
| 1883 | @kindex M-p @r{(Group)} |
| 1884 | @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level |
| 1885 | Go to the previous unread group on the same (or lower) level |
| 1886 | (@code{gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level}). |
| 1887 | @end table |
| 1888 | |
| 1889 | Three commands for jumping to groups: |
| 1890 | |
| 1891 | @table @kbd |
| 1892 | |
| 1893 | @item j |
| 1894 | @kindex j @r{(Group)} |
| 1895 | @findex gnus-group-jump-to-group |
| 1896 | Jump to a group (and make it visible if it isn't already) |
| 1897 | (@code{gnus-group-jump-to-group}). Killed groups can be jumped to, just |
| 1898 | like living groups. |
| 1899 | |
| 1900 | @item , |
| 1901 | @kindex , @r{(Group)} |
| 1902 | @findex gnus-group-best-unread-group |
| 1903 | Jump to the unread group with the lowest level |
| 1904 | (@code{gnus-group-best-unread-group}). |
| 1905 | |
| 1906 | @item . |
| 1907 | @kindex . @r{(Group)} |
| 1908 | @findex gnus-group-first-unread-group |
| 1909 | Jump to the first group with unread articles |
| 1910 | (@code{gnus-group-first-unread-group}). |
| 1911 | @end table |
| 1912 | |
| 1913 | @vindex gnus-group-goto-unread |
| 1914 | If @code{gnus-group-goto-unread} is @code{nil}, all the movement |
| 1915 | commands will move to the next group, not the next unread group. Even |
| 1916 | the commands that say they move to the next unread group. The default |
| 1917 | is @code{t}. |
| 1918 | |
| 1919 | |
| 1920 | @node Selecting a Group |
| 1921 | @section Selecting a Group |
| 1922 | @cindex group selection |
| 1923 | |
| 1924 | @table @kbd |
| 1925 | |
| 1926 | @item @key{SPC} |
| 1927 | @kindex @key{SPC} @r{(Group)} |
| 1928 | @findex gnus-group-read-group |
| 1929 | Select the current group, switch to the summary buffer and display the |
| 1930 | first unread article (@code{gnus-group-read-group}). If there are no |
| 1931 | unread articles in the group, or if you give a non-numerical prefix to |
| 1932 | this command, Gnus will offer to fetch all the old articles in this |
| 1933 | group from the server. If you give a numerical prefix @var{N}, @var{N} |
| 1934 | determines the number of articles Gnus will fetch. If @var{N} is |
| 1935 | positive, Gnus fetches the @var{N} newest articles, if @var{N} is |
| 1936 | negative, Gnus fetches the @code{abs(@var{N})} oldest articles. |
| 1937 | |
| 1938 | Thus, @kbd{SPC} enters the group normally, @kbd{C-u SPC} offers old |
| 1939 | articles, @kbd{C-u 4 2 SPC} fetches the 42 newest articles, and @kbd{C-u |
| 1940 | - 4 2 SPC} fetches the 42 oldest ones. |
| 1941 | |
| 1942 | When you are in the group (in the Summary buffer), you can type |
| 1943 | @kbd{M-g} to fetch new articles, or @kbd{C-u M-g} to also show the old |
| 1944 | ones. |
| 1945 | |
| 1946 | @item @key{RET} |
| 1947 | @kindex @key{RET} @r{(Group)} |
| 1948 | |
| 1949 | @findex gnus-group-select-group |
| 1950 | Select the current group and switch to the summary buffer |
| 1951 | (@code{gnus-group-select-group}). Takes the same arguments as |
| 1952 | @code{gnus-group-read-group}---the only difference is that this command |
| 1953 | does not display the first unread article automatically upon group |
| 1954 | entry. |
| 1955 | |
| 1956 | @item M-@key{RET} |
| 1957 | @kindex M-@key{RET} @r{(Group)} |
| 1958 | @findex gnus-group-quick-select-group |
| 1959 | This does the same as the command above, but tries to do it with the |
| 1960 | minimum amount of fuzz (@code{gnus-group-quick-select-group}). No |
| 1961 | scoring/killing will be performed, there will be no highlights and no |
| 1962 | expunging. This might be useful if you're in a real hurry and have to |
| 1963 | enter some humongous group. If you give a 0 prefix to this command |
| 1964 | (i.e., @kbd{0 M-@key{RET}}), Gnus won't even generate the summary buffer, |
| 1965 | which is useful if you want to toggle threading before generating the |
| 1966 | summary buffer (@pxref{Summary Generation Commands}). |
| 1967 | |
| 1968 | @item M-@key{SPC} |
| 1969 | @kindex M-@key{SPC} @r{(Group)} |
| 1970 | @findex gnus-group-visible-select-group |
| 1971 | This is yet one more command that does the same as the @key{RET} |
| 1972 | command, but this one does it without expunging and hiding dormants |
| 1973 | (@code{gnus-group-visible-select-group}). |
| 1974 | |
| 1975 | @item C-M-@key{RET} |
| 1976 | @kindex C-M-@key{RET} @r{(Group)} |
| 1977 | @findex gnus-group-select-group-ephemerally |
| 1978 | Finally, this command selects the current group ephemerally without |
| 1979 | doing any processing of its contents |
| 1980 | (@code{gnus-group-select-group-ephemerally}). Even threading has been |
| 1981 | turned off. Everything you do in the group after selecting it in this |
| 1982 | manner will have no permanent effects. |
| 1983 | |
| 1984 | @end table |
| 1985 | |
| 1986 | @vindex gnus-large-newsgroup |
| 1987 | The @code{gnus-large-newsgroup} variable says what Gnus should consider |
| 1988 | to be a big group. This is 200 by default. If the group has more |
| 1989 | (unread and/or ticked) articles than this, Gnus will query the user |
| 1990 | before entering the group. The user can then specify how many articles |
| 1991 | should be fetched from the server. If the user specifies a negative |
| 1992 | number (@code{-n}), the @code{n} oldest articles will be fetched. If it |
| 1993 | is positive, the @code{n} articles that have arrived most recently will |
| 1994 | be fetched. |
| 1995 | |
| 1996 | @vindex gnus-select-group-hook |
| 1997 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-first |
| 1998 | @code{gnus-auto-select-first} control whether any articles are selected |
| 1999 | automatically when entering a group with the @key{SPC} command. |
| 2000 | |
| 2001 | @table @code |
| 2002 | |
| 2003 | @item nil |
| 2004 | Don't select any articles when entering the group. Just display the |
| 2005 | full summary buffer. |
| 2006 | |
| 2007 | @item t |
| 2008 | Select the first unread article when entering the group. |
| 2009 | |
| 2010 | @item best |
| 2011 | Select the highest scored article in the group when entering the |
| 2012 | group. |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | @end table |
| 2015 | |
| 2016 | This variable can also be a function. In that case, that function will |
| 2017 | be called to place point on a subject line, and/or select some article. |
| 2018 | Useful functions include: |
| 2019 | |
| 2020 | @table @code |
| 2021 | @item gnus-summary-first-unread-subject |
| 2022 | Place point on the subject line of the first unread article, but |
| 2023 | don't select the article. |
| 2024 | |
| 2025 | @item gnus-summary-first-unread-article |
| 2026 | Select the first unread article. |
| 2027 | |
| 2028 | @item gnus-summary-best-unread-article |
| 2029 | Select the highest-scored unread article. |
| 2030 | @end table |
| 2031 | |
| 2032 | |
| 2033 | If you want to prevent automatic selection in some group (say, in a |
| 2034 | binary group with Huge articles) you can set this variable to @code{nil} |
| 2035 | in @code{gnus-select-group-hook}, which is called when a group is |
| 2036 | selected. |
| 2037 | |
| 2038 | |
| 2039 | @node Subscription Commands |
| 2040 | @section Subscription Commands |
| 2041 | @cindex subscription |
| 2042 | |
| 2043 | @table @kbd |
| 2044 | |
| 2045 | @item S t |
| 2046 | @itemx u |
| 2047 | @kindex S t @r{(Group)} |
| 2048 | @kindex u @r{(Group)} |
| 2049 | @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group |
| 2050 | @c @icon{gnus-group-unsubscribe} |
| 2051 | Toggle subscription to the current group |
| 2052 | (@code{gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group}). |
| 2053 | |
| 2054 | @item S s |
| 2055 | @itemx U |
| 2056 | @kindex S s @r{(Group)} |
| 2057 | @kindex U @r{(Group)} |
| 2058 | @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-group |
| 2059 | Prompt for a group to subscribe, and then subscribe it. If it was |
| 2060 | subscribed already, unsubscribe it instead |
| 2061 | (@code{gnus-group-unsubscribe-group}). |
| 2062 | |
| 2063 | @item S k |
| 2064 | @itemx C-k |
| 2065 | @kindex S k @r{(Group)} |
| 2066 | @kindex C-k @r{(Group)} |
| 2067 | @findex gnus-group-kill-group |
| 2068 | @c @icon{gnus-group-kill-group} |
| 2069 | Kill the current group (@code{gnus-group-kill-group}). |
| 2070 | |
| 2071 | @item S y |
| 2072 | @itemx C-y |
| 2073 | @kindex S y @r{(Group)} |
| 2074 | @kindex C-y @r{(Group)} |
| 2075 | @findex gnus-group-yank-group |
| 2076 | Yank the last killed group (@code{gnus-group-yank-group}). |
| 2077 | |
| 2078 | @item C-x C-t |
| 2079 | @kindex C-x C-t @r{(Group)} |
| 2080 | @findex gnus-group-transpose-groups |
| 2081 | Transpose two groups (@code{gnus-group-transpose-groups}). This isn't |
| 2082 | really a subscription command, but you can use it instead of a |
| 2083 | kill-and-yank sequence sometimes. |
| 2084 | |
| 2085 | @item S w |
| 2086 | @itemx C-w |
| 2087 | @kindex S w @r{(Group)} |
| 2088 | @kindex C-w @r{(Group)} |
| 2089 | @findex gnus-group-kill-region |
| 2090 | Kill all groups in the region (@code{gnus-group-kill-region}). |
| 2091 | |
| 2092 | @item S z |
| 2093 | @kindex S z @r{(Group)} |
| 2094 | @findex gnus-group-kill-all-zombies |
| 2095 | Kill all zombie groups (@code{gnus-group-kill-all-zombies}). |
| 2096 | |
| 2097 | @item S C-k |
| 2098 | @kindex S C-k @r{(Group)} |
| 2099 | @findex gnus-group-kill-level |
| 2100 | Kill all groups on a certain level (@code{gnus-group-kill-level}). |
| 2101 | These groups can't be yanked back after killing, so this command should |
| 2102 | be used with some caution. The only time where this command comes in |
| 2103 | really handy is when you have a @file{.newsrc} with lots of unsubscribed |
| 2104 | groups that you want to get rid off. @kbd{S C-k} on level 7 will |
| 2105 | kill off all unsubscribed groups that do not have message numbers in the |
| 2106 | @file{.newsrc} file. |
| 2107 | |
| 2108 | @end table |
| 2109 | |
| 2110 | Also @pxref{Group Levels}. |
| 2111 | |
| 2112 | |
| 2113 | @node Group Data |
| 2114 | @section Group Data |
| 2115 | |
| 2116 | @table @kbd |
| 2117 | |
| 2118 | @item c |
| 2119 | @kindex c @r{(Group)} |
| 2120 | @findex gnus-group-catchup-current |
| 2121 | @vindex gnus-group-catchup-group-hook |
| 2122 | @c @icon{gnus-group-catchup-current} |
| 2123 | Mark all unticked articles in this group as read |
| 2124 | (@code{gnus-group-catchup-current}). |
| 2125 | @code{gnus-group-catchup-group-hook} is called when catching up a group from |
| 2126 | the group buffer. |
| 2127 | |
| 2128 | @item C |
| 2129 | @kindex C @r{(Group)} |
| 2130 | @findex gnus-group-catchup-current-all |
| 2131 | Mark all articles in this group, even the ticked ones, as read |
| 2132 | (@code{gnus-group-catchup-current-all}). |
| 2133 | |
| 2134 | @item M-c |
| 2135 | @kindex M-c @r{(Group)} |
| 2136 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data |
| 2137 | Clear the data from the current group---nix out marks and the list of |
| 2138 | read articles (@code{gnus-group-clear-data}). |
| 2139 | |
| 2140 | @item M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups |
| 2141 | @kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups |
| 2142 | @findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups |
| 2143 | If you have switched from one @sc{nntp} server to another, all your marks |
| 2144 | and read ranges have become worthless. You can use this command to |
| 2145 | clear out all data that you have on your native groups. Use with |
| 2146 | caution. |
| 2147 | |
| 2148 | @end table |
| 2149 | |
| 2150 | |
| 2151 | @node Group Levels |
| 2152 | @section Group Levels |
| 2153 | @cindex group level |
| 2154 | @cindex level |
| 2155 | |
| 2156 | All groups have a level of @dfn{subscribedness}. For instance, if a |
| 2157 | group is on level 2, it is more subscribed than a group on level 5. You |
| 2158 | can ask Gnus to just list groups on a given level or lower |
| 2159 | (@pxref{Listing Groups}), or to just check for new articles in groups on |
| 2160 | a given level or lower (@pxref{Scanning New Messages}). |
| 2161 | |
| 2162 | Remember: The higher the level of the group, the less important it is. |
| 2163 | |
| 2164 | @table @kbd |
| 2165 | |
| 2166 | @item S l |
| 2167 | @kindex S l @r{(Group)} |
| 2168 | @findex gnus-group-set-current-level |
| 2169 | Set the level of the current group. If a numeric prefix is given, the |
| 2170 | next @var{n} groups will have their levels set. The user will be |
| 2171 | prompted for a level. |
| 2172 | @end table |
| 2173 | |
| 2174 | @vindex gnus-level-killed |
| 2175 | @vindex gnus-level-zombie |
| 2176 | @vindex gnus-level-unsubscribed |
| 2177 | @vindex gnus-level-subscribed |
| 2178 | Gnus considers groups from levels 1 to |
| 2179 | @code{gnus-level-subscribed} (inclusive) (default 5) to be subscribed, |
| 2180 | @code{gnus-level-subscribed} (exclusive) and |
| 2181 | @code{gnus-level-unsubscribed} (inclusive) (default 7) to be |
| 2182 | unsubscribed, @code{gnus-level-zombie} to be zombies (walking dead) |
| 2183 | (default 8) and @code{gnus-level-killed} to be killed (completely dead) |
| 2184 | (default 9). Gnus treats subscribed and unsubscribed groups exactly the |
| 2185 | same, but zombie and killed groups have no information on what articles |
| 2186 | you have read, etc, stored. This distinction between dead and living |
| 2187 | groups isn't done because it is nice or clever, it is done purely for |
| 2188 | reasons of efficiency. |
| 2189 | |
| 2190 | It is recommended that you keep all your mail groups (if any) on quite |
| 2191 | low levels (e.g. 1 or 2). |
| 2192 | |
| 2193 | Maybe the following description of the default behavior of Gnus helps to |
| 2194 | understand what these levels are all about. By default, Gnus shows you |
| 2195 | subscribed nonempty groups, but by hitting @kbd{L} you can have it show |
| 2196 | empty subscribed groups and unsubscribed groups, too. Type @kbd{l} to |
| 2197 | go back to showing nonempty subscribed groups again. Thus, unsubscribed |
| 2198 | groups are hidden, in a way. |
| 2199 | |
| 2200 | Zombie and killed groups are similar to unsubscribed groups in that they |
| 2201 | are hidden by default. But they are different from subscribed and |
| 2202 | unsubscribed groups in that Gnus doesn't ask the news server for |
| 2203 | information (number of messages, number of unread messages) on zombie |
| 2204 | and killed groups. Normally, you use @kbd{C-k} to kill the groups you |
| 2205 | aren't interested in. If most groups are killed, Gnus is faster. |
| 2206 | |
| 2207 | Why does Gnus distinguish between zombie and killed groups? Well, when |
| 2208 | a new group arrives on the server, Gnus by default makes it a zombie |
| 2209 | group. This means that you are normally not bothered with new groups, |
| 2210 | but you can type @kbd{A z} to get a list of all new groups. Subscribe |
| 2211 | the ones you like and kill the ones you don't want. (@kbd{A k} shows a |
| 2212 | list of killed groups.) |
| 2213 | |
| 2214 | If you want to play with the level variables, you should show some care. |
| 2215 | Set them once, and don't touch them ever again. Better yet, don't touch |
| 2216 | them at all unless you know exactly what you're doing. |
| 2217 | |
| 2218 | @vindex gnus-level-default-unsubscribed |
| 2219 | @vindex gnus-level-default-subscribed |
| 2220 | Two closely related variables are @code{gnus-level-default-subscribed} |
| 2221 | (default 3) and @code{gnus-level-default-unsubscribed} (default 6), |
| 2222 | which are the levels that new groups will be put on if they are |
| 2223 | (un)subscribed. These two variables should, of course, be inside the |
| 2224 | relevant valid ranges. |
| 2225 | |
| 2226 | @vindex gnus-keep-same-level |
| 2227 | If @code{gnus-keep-same-level} is non-@code{nil}, some movement commands |
| 2228 | will only move to groups of the same level (or lower). In |
| 2229 | particular, going from the last article in one group to the next group |
| 2230 | will go to the next group of the same level (or lower). This might be |
| 2231 | handy if you want to read the most important groups before you read the |
| 2232 | rest. |
| 2233 | |
| 2234 | If this variable is @code{best}, Gnus will make the next newsgroup the |
| 2235 | one with the best level. |
| 2236 | |
| 2237 | @vindex gnus-group-default-list-level |
| 2238 | All groups with a level less than or equal to |
| 2239 | @code{gnus-group-default-list-level} will be listed in the group buffer |
| 2240 | by default. |
| 2241 | |
| 2242 | @vindex gnus-group-list-inactive-groups |
| 2243 | If @code{gnus-group-list-inactive-groups} is non-@code{nil}, non-active |
| 2244 | groups will be listed along with the unread groups. This variable is |
| 2245 | @code{t} by default. If it is @code{nil}, inactive groups won't be |
| 2246 | listed. |
| 2247 | |
| 2248 | @vindex gnus-group-use-permanent-levels |
| 2249 | If @code{gnus-group-use-permanent-levels} is non-@code{nil}, once you |
| 2250 | give a level prefix to @kbd{g} or @kbd{l}, all subsequent commands will |
| 2251 | use this level as the ``work'' level. |
| 2252 | |
| 2253 | @vindex gnus-activate-level |
| 2254 | Gnus will normally just activate (i. e., query the server about) groups |
| 2255 | on level @code{gnus-activate-level} or less. If you don't want to |
| 2256 | activate unsubscribed groups, for instance, you might set this variable |
| 2257 | to 5. The default is 6. |
| 2258 | |
| 2259 | |
| 2260 | @node Group Score |
| 2261 | @section Group Score |
| 2262 | @cindex group score |
| 2263 | @cindex group rank |
| 2264 | @cindex rank |
| 2265 | |
| 2266 | You would normally keep important groups on high levels, but that scheme |
| 2267 | is somewhat restrictive. Don't you wish you could have Gnus sort the |
| 2268 | group buffer according to how often you read groups, perhaps? Within |
| 2269 | reason? |
| 2270 | |
| 2271 | This is what @dfn{group score} is for. You can have Gnus assign a score |
| 2272 | to each group through the mechanism described below. You can then sort |
| 2273 | the group buffer based on this score. Alternatively, you can sort on |
| 2274 | score and then level. (Taken together, the level and the score is |
| 2275 | called the @dfn{rank} of the group. A group that is on level 4 and has |
| 2276 | a score of 1 has a higher rank than a group on level 5 that has a score |
| 2277 | of 300. (The level is the most significant part and the score is the |
| 2278 | least significant part.)) |
| 2279 | |
| 2280 | @findex gnus-summary-bubble-group |
| 2281 | If you want groups you read often to get higher scores than groups you |
| 2282 | read seldom you can add the @code{gnus-summary-bubble-group} function to |
| 2283 | the @code{gnus-summary-exit-hook} hook. This will result (after |
| 2284 | sorting) in a bubbling sort of action. If you want to see that in |
| 2285 | action after each summary exit, you can add |
| 2286 | @code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank} or |
| 2287 | @code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score} to the same hook, but that will |
| 2288 | slow things down somewhat. |
| 2289 | |
| 2290 | |
| 2291 | @node Marking Groups |
| 2292 | @section Marking Groups |
| 2293 | @cindex marking groups |
| 2294 | |
| 2295 | If you want to perform some command on several groups, and they appear |
| 2296 | subsequently in the group buffer, you would normally just give a |
| 2297 | numerical prefix to the command. Most group commands will then do your |
| 2298 | bidding on those groups. |
| 2299 | |
| 2300 | However, if the groups are not in sequential order, you can still |
| 2301 | perform a command on several groups. You simply mark the groups first |
| 2302 | with the process mark and then execute the command. |
| 2303 | |
| 2304 | @table @kbd |
| 2305 | |
| 2306 | @item # |
| 2307 | @kindex # @r{(Group)} |
| 2308 | @itemx M m |
| 2309 | @kindex M m @r{(Group)} |
| 2310 | @findex gnus-group-mark-group |
| 2311 | Set the mark on the current group (@code{gnus-group-mark-group}). |
| 2312 | |
| 2313 | @item M-# |
| 2314 | @kindex M-# @r{(Group)} |
| 2315 | @itemx M u |
| 2316 | @kindex M u @r{(Group)} |
| 2317 | @findex gnus-group-unmark-group |
| 2318 | Remove the mark from the current group |
| 2319 | (@code{gnus-group-unmark-group}). |
| 2320 | |
| 2321 | @item M U |
| 2322 | @kindex M U @r{(Group)} |
| 2323 | @findex gnus-group-unmark-all-groups |
| 2324 | Remove the mark from all groups (@code{gnus-group-unmark-all-groups}). |
| 2325 | |
| 2326 | @item M w |
| 2327 | @kindex M w @r{(Group)} |
| 2328 | @findex gnus-group-mark-region |
| 2329 | Mark all groups between point and mark (@code{gnus-group-mark-region}). |
| 2330 | |
| 2331 | @item M b |
| 2332 | @kindex M b @r{(Group)} |
| 2333 | @findex gnus-group-mark-buffer |
| 2334 | Mark all groups in the buffer (@code{gnus-group-mark-buffer}). |
| 2335 | |
| 2336 | @item M r |
| 2337 | @kindex M r @r{(Group)} |
| 2338 | @findex gnus-group-mark-regexp |
| 2339 | Mark all groups that match some regular expression |
| 2340 | (@code{gnus-group-mark-regexp}). |
| 2341 | @end table |
| 2342 | |
| 2343 | Also @pxref{Process/Prefix}. |
| 2344 | |
| 2345 | @findex gnus-group-universal-argument |
| 2346 | If you want to execute some command on all groups that have been marked |
| 2347 | with the process mark, you can use the @kbd{M-&} |
| 2348 | (@code{gnus-group-universal-argument}) command. It will prompt you for |
| 2349 | the command to be executed. |
| 2350 | |
| 2351 | |
| 2352 | @node Foreign Groups |
| 2353 | @section Foreign Groups |
| 2354 | @cindex foreign groups |
| 2355 | |
| 2356 | Below are some group mode commands for making and editing general foreign |
| 2357 | groups, as well as commands to ease the creation of a few |
| 2358 | special-purpose groups. All these commands insert the newly created |
| 2359 | groups under point---@code{gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method} is not |
| 2360 | consulted. |
| 2361 | |
| 2362 | @table @kbd |
| 2363 | |
| 2364 | @item G m |
| 2365 | @kindex G m @r{(Group)} |
| 2366 | @findex gnus-group-make-group |
| 2367 | @cindex making groups |
| 2368 | Make a new group (@code{gnus-group-make-group}). Gnus will prompt you |
| 2369 | for a name, a method and possibly an @dfn{address}. For an easier way |
| 2370 | to subscribe to @sc{nntp} groups, @pxref{Browse Foreign Server}. |
| 2371 | |
| 2372 | @item G r |
| 2373 | @kindex G r @r{(Group)} |
| 2374 | @findex gnus-group-rename-group |
| 2375 | @cindex renaming groups |
| 2376 | Rename the current group to something else |
| 2377 | (@code{gnus-group-rename-group}). This is valid only on some |
| 2378 | groups---mail groups mostly. This command might very well be quite slow |
| 2379 | on some back ends. |
| 2380 | |
| 2381 | @item G c |
| 2382 | @kindex G c @r{(Group)} |
| 2383 | @cindex customizing |
| 2384 | @findex gnus-group-customize |
| 2385 | Customize the group parameters (@code{gnus-group-customize}). |
| 2386 | |
| 2387 | @item G e |
| 2388 | @kindex G e @r{(Group)} |
| 2389 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group-method |
| 2390 | @cindex renaming groups |
| 2391 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the select method of the current |
| 2392 | group (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-method}). |
| 2393 | |
| 2394 | @item G p |
| 2395 | @kindex G p @r{(Group)} |
| 2396 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group-parameters |
| 2397 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the group parameters |
| 2398 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group-parameters}). |
| 2399 | |
| 2400 | @item G E |
| 2401 | @kindex G E @r{(Group)} |
| 2402 | @findex gnus-group-edit-group |
| 2403 | Enter a buffer where you can edit the group info |
| 2404 | (@code{gnus-group-edit-group}). |
| 2405 | |
| 2406 | @item G d |
| 2407 | @kindex G d @r{(Group)} |
| 2408 | @findex gnus-group-make-directory-group |
| 2409 | @cindex nndir |
| 2410 | Make a directory group (@pxref{Directory Groups}). You will be prompted |
| 2411 | for a directory name (@code{gnus-group-make-directory-group}). |
| 2412 | |
| 2413 | @item G h |
| 2414 | @kindex G h @r{(Group)} |
| 2415 | @cindex help group |
| 2416 | @findex gnus-group-make-help-group |
| 2417 | Make the Gnus help group (@code{gnus-group-make-help-group}). |
| 2418 | |
| 2419 | @item G a |
| 2420 | @kindex G a @r{(Group)} |
| 2421 | @cindex (ding) archive |
| 2422 | @cindex archive group |
| 2423 | @findex gnus-group-make-archive-group |
| 2424 | @vindex gnus-group-archive-directory |
| 2425 | @vindex gnus-group-recent-archive-directory |
| 2426 | Make a Gnus archive group (@code{gnus-group-make-archive-group}). By |
| 2427 | default a group pointing to the most recent articles will be created |
| 2428 | (@code{gnus-group-recent-archive-directory}), but given a prefix, a full |
| 2429 | group will be created from @code{gnus-group-archive-directory}. |
| 2430 | |
| 2431 | @item G k |
| 2432 | @kindex G k @r{(Group)} |
| 2433 | @findex gnus-group-make-kiboze-group |
| 2434 | @cindex nnkiboze |
| 2435 | Make a kiboze group. You will be prompted for a name, for a regexp to |
| 2436 | match groups to be ``included'' in the kiboze group, and a series of |
| 2437 | strings to match on headers (@code{gnus-group-make-kiboze-group}). |
| 2438 | @xref{Kibozed Groups}. |
| 2439 | |
| 2440 | @item G D |
| 2441 | @kindex G D @r{(Group)} |
| 2442 | @findex gnus-group-enter-directory |
| 2443 | @cindex nneething |
| 2444 | Read an arbitrary directory as if it were a newsgroup with the |
| 2445 | @code{nneething} back end (@code{gnus-group-enter-directory}). |
| 2446 | @xref{Anything Groups}. |
| 2447 | |
| 2448 | @item G f |
| 2449 | @kindex G f @r{(Group)} |
| 2450 | @findex gnus-group-make-doc-group |
| 2451 | @cindex ClariNet Briefs |
| 2452 | @cindex nndoc |
| 2453 | Make a group based on some file or other |
| 2454 | (@code{gnus-group-make-doc-group}). If you give a prefix to this |
| 2455 | command, you will be prompted for a file name and a file type. |
| 2456 | Currently supported types are @code{babyl}, @code{mbox}, @code{digest}, |
| 2457 | @code{mmdf}, @code{news}, @code{rnews}, @code{clari-briefs}, |
| 2458 | @code{rfc934}, @code{rfc822-forward}, @code{nsmail} and @code{forward}. |
| 2459 | If you run this command without a prefix, Gnus will guess at the file |
| 2460 | type. @xref{Document Groups}. |
| 2461 | |
| 2462 | @item G u |
| 2463 | @kindex G u @r{(Group)} |
| 2464 | @vindex gnus-useful-groups |
| 2465 | @findex gnus-group-make-useful-group |
| 2466 | Create one of the groups mentioned in @code{gnus-useful-groups} |
| 2467 | (@code{gnus-group-make-useful-group}). |
| 2468 | |
| 2469 | @item G w |
| 2470 | @kindex G w @r{(Group)} |
| 2471 | @findex gnus-group-make-web-group |
| 2472 | @cindex DejaNews |
| 2473 | @cindex Alta Vista |
| 2474 | @cindex InReference |
| 2475 | @cindex nnweb |
| 2476 | Make an ephemeral group based on a web search |
| 2477 | (@code{gnus-group-make-web-group}). If you give a prefix to this |
| 2478 | command, make a solid group instead. You will be prompted for the |
| 2479 | search engine type and the search string. Valid search engine types |
| 2480 | include @code{dejanews}, @code{altavista} and @code{reference}. |
| 2481 | @xref{Web Searches}. |
| 2482 | |
| 2483 | If you use the @code{dejanews} search engine, you can limit the search |
| 2484 | to a particular group by using a match string like |
| 2485 | @samp{~g alt.sysadmin.recovery shaving}. |
| 2486 | |
| 2487 | @item G @key{DEL} |
| 2488 | @kindex G @key{DEL} @r{(Group)} |
| 2489 | @findex gnus-group-delete-group |
| 2490 | This function will delete the current group |
| 2491 | (@code{gnus-group-delete-group}). If given a prefix, this function will |
| 2492 | actually delete all the articles in the group, and forcibly remove the |
| 2493 | group itself from the face of the Earth. Use a prefix only if you are |
| 2494 | absolutely sure of what you are doing. This command can't be used on |
| 2495 | read-only groups (like @code{nntp} group), though. |
| 2496 | |
| 2497 | @item G V |
| 2498 | @kindex G V @r{(Group)} |
| 2499 | @findex gnus-group-make-empty-virtual |
| 2500 | Make a new, fresh, empty @code{nnvirtual} group |
| 2501 | (@code{gnus-group-make-empty-virtual}). @xref{Virtual Groups}. |
| 2502 | |
| 2503 | @item G v |
| 2504 | @kindex G v @r{(Group)} |
| 2505 | @findex gnus-group-add-to-virtual |
| 2506 | Add the current group to an @code{nnvirtual} group |
| 2507 | (@code{gnus-group-add-to-virtual}). Uses the process/prefix convention. |
| 2508 | @end table |
| 2509 | |
| 2510 | @xref{Select Methods}, for more information on the various select |
| 2511 | methods. |
| 2512 | |
| 2513 | @vindex gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups |
| 2514 | If @code{gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups} is a positive number, |
| 2515 | Gnus will check all foreign groups with this level or lower at startup. |
| 2516 | This might take quite a while, especially if you subscribe to lots of |
| 2517 | groups from different @sc{nntp} servers. Also @pxref{Group Levels}; |
| 2518 | @code{gnus-activate-level} also affects activation of foreign |
| 2519 | newsgroups. |
| 2520 | |
| 2521 | |
| 2522 | @node Group Parameters |
| 2523 | @section Group Parameters |
| 2524 | @cindex group parameters |
| 2525 | |
| 2526 | The group parameters store information local to a particular group. |
| 2527 | Here's an example group parameter list: |
| 2528 | |
| 2529 | @example |
| 2530 | ((to-address . "ding@@gnus.org") |
| 2531 | (auto-expire . t)) |
| 2532 | @end example |
| 2533 | |
| 2534 | We see that each element consists of a "dotted pair"---the thing before |
| 2535 | the dot is the key, while the thing after the dot is the value. All the |
| 2536 | parameters have this form @emph{except} local variable specs, which are |
| 2537 | not dotted pairs, but proper lists. |
| 2538 | |
| 2539 | The following group parameters can be used: |
| 2540 | |
| 2541 | @table @code |
| 2542 | @item to-address |
| 2543 | @cindex to-address |
| 2544 | Address used by when doing followups and new posts. |
| 2545 | |
| 2546 | @example |
| 2547 | (to-address . "some@@where.com") |
| 2548 | @end example |
| 2549 | |
| 2550 | This is primarily useful in mail groups that represent closed mailing |
| 2551 | lists---mailing lists where it's expected that everybody that writes to |
| 2552 | the mailing list is subscribed to it. Since using this parameter |
| 2553 | ensures that the mail only goes to the mailing list itself, it means |
| 2554 | that members won't receive two copies of your followups. |
| 2555 | |
| 2556 | Using @code{to-address} will actually work whether the group is foreign |
| 2557 | or not. Let's say there's a group on the server that is called |
| 2558 | @samp{fa.4ad-l}. This is a real newsgroup, but the server has gotten |
| 2559 | the articles from a mail-to-news gateway. Posting directly to this |
| 2560 | group is therefore impossible---you have to send mail to the mailing |
| 2561 | list address instead. |
| 2562 | |
| 2563 | Some parameters have corresponding customizable variables, each of which |
| 2564 | is an alist of regexps and values. |
| 2565 | |
| 2566 | @item to-list |
| 2567 | @cindex to-list |
| 2568 | Address used when doing @kbd{a} in that group. |
| 2569 | |
| 2570 | @example |
| 2571 | (to-list . "some@@where.com") |
| 2572 | @end example |
| 2573 | |
| 2574 | It is totally ignored |
| 2575 | when doing a followup---except that if it is present in a news group, |
| 2576 | you'll get mail group semantics when doing @kbd{f}. |
| 2577 | |
| 2578 | If you do an @kbd{a} command in a mail group and you have neither a |
| 2579 | @code{to-list} group parameter nor a @code{to-address} group parameter, |
| 2580 | then a @code{to-list} group parameter will be added automatically upon |
| 2581 | sending the message if @code{gnus-add-to-list} is set to @code{t}. |
| 2582 | @vindex gnus-add-to-list |
| 2583 | |
| 2584 | If you do an @kbd{a} command in a mail group and you don't have a |
| 2585 | @code{to-list} group parameter, one will be added automatically upon |
| 2586 | sending the message. |
| 2587 | |
| 2588 | See also @code{gnus-parameter-to-list-alist}. |
| 2589 | |
| 2590 | @item visible |
| 2591 | @cindex visible |
| 2592 | If the group parameter list has the element @code{(visible . t)}, |
| 2593 | that group will always be visible in the Group buffer, regardless |
| 2594 | of whether it has any unread articles. |
| 2595 | |
| 2596 | @item broken-reply-to |
| 2597 | @cindex broken-reply-to |
| 2598 | Elements like @code{(broken-reply-to . t)} signals that @code{Reply-To} |
| 2599 | headers in this group are to be ignored. This can be useful if you're |
| 2600 | reading a mailing list group where the listserv has inserted |
| 2601 | @code{Reply-To} headers that point back to the listserv itself. This is |
| 2602 | broken behavior. So there! |
| 2603 | |
| 2604 | @item to-group |
| 2605 | @cindex to-group |
| 2606 | Elements like @code{(to-group . "some.group.name")} means that all |
| 2607 | posts in that group will be sent to @code{some.group.name}. |
| 2608 | |
| 2609 | @item newsgroup |
| 2610 | @cindex newsgroup |
| 2611 | If you have @code{(newsgroup . t)} in the group parameter list, Gnus |
| 2612 | will treat all responses as if they were responses to news articles. |
| 2613 | This can be useful if you have a mail group that's really a mirror of a |
| 2614 | news group. |
| 2615 | |
| 2616 | @item gcc-self |
| 2617 | @cindex gcc-self |
| 2618 | If @code{(gcc-self . t)} is present in the group parameter list, newly |
| 2619 | composed messages will be @code{Gcc}'d to the current group. If |
| 2620 | @code{(gcc-self . none)} is present, no @code{Gcc:} header will be |
| 2621 | generated, if @code{(gcc-self . "string")} is present, this string will |
| 2622 | be inserted literally as a @code{gcc} header. This parameter takes |
| 2623 | precedence over any default @code{Gcc} rules as described later |
| 2624 | (@pxref{Archived Messages}). |
| 2625 | |
| 2626 | @item auto-expire |
| 2627 | @cindex auto-expire |
| 2628 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like @code{(auto-expire |
| 2629 | . t)}, all articles read will be marked as expirable. For an |
| 2630 | alternative approach, @pxref{Expiring Mail}. |
| 2631 | |
| 2632 | @item total-expire |
| 2633 | @cindex total-expire |
| 2634 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like |
| 2635 | @code{(total-expire . t)}, all read articles will be put through the |
| 2636 | expiry process, even if they are not marked as expirable. Use with |
| 2637 | caution. Unread, ticked and dormant articles are not eligible for |
| 2638 | expiry. |
| 2639 | |
| 2640 | See also @code{gnus-total-expirable-newsgroups}. |
| 2641 | |
| 2642 | @item expiry-wait |
| 2643 | @cindex expiry-wait |
| 2644 | @vindex nnmail-expiry-wait-function |
| 2645 | If the group parameter has an element that looks like @code{(expiry-wait |
| 2646 | . 10)}, this value will override any @code{nnmail-expiry-wait} and |
| 2647 | @code{nnmail-expiry-wait-function} when expiring expirable messages. |
| 2648 | The value can either be a number of days (not necessarily an integer) or |
| 2649 | the symbols @code{never} or @code{immediate}. |
| 2650 | |
| 2651 | @item score-file |
| 2652 | @cindex score file group parameter |
| 2653 | Elements that look like @code{(score-file . "file")} will make |
| 2654 | @file{file} into the current score file for the group in question. All |
| 2655 | interactive score entries will be put into this file. |
| 2656 | |
| 2657 | @item adapt-file |
| 2658 | @cindex adapt file group parameter |
| 2659 | Elements that look like @code{(adapt-file . "file")} will make |
| 2660 | @file{file} into the current adaptive file for the group in question. |
| 2661 | All adaptive score entries will be put into this file. |
| 2662 | |
| 2663 | @item admin-address |
| 2664 | When unsubscribing from a mailing list you should never send the |
| 2665 | unsubscription notice to the mailing list itself. Instead, you'd send |
| 2666 | messages to the administrative address. This parameter allows you to |
| 2667 | put the admin address somewhere convenient. |
| 2668 | |
| 2669 | @item display |
| 2670 | Elements that look like @code{(display . MODE)} say which articles to |
| 2671 | display on entering the group. Valid values are: |
| 2672 | |
| 2673 | @table @code |
| 2674 | @item all |
| 2675 | Display all articles, both read and unread. |
| 2676 | |
| 2677 | @item default |
| 2678 | Display the default visible articles, which normally includes unread and |
| 2679 | ticked articles. |
| 2680 | @end table |
| 2681 | |
| 2682 | @item comment |
| 2683 | Elements that look like @code{(comment . "This is a comment")} |
| 2684 | are arbitrary comments on the group. They are currently ignored by |
| 2685 | Gnus, but provide a place for you to store information on particular |
| 2686 | groups. |
| 2687 | |
| 2688 | @item charset |
| 2689 | Elements that look like @code{(charset . iso-8859-1)} will make |
| 2690 | @code{iso-8859-1} the default charset; that is, the charset that will be |
| 2691 | used for all articles that do not specify a charset. |
| 2692 | |
| 2693 | See also @code{gnus-group-charset-alist}. |
| 2694 | |
| 2695 | @item ignored-charsets |
| 2696 | Elements that look like @code{(ignored-charsets x-known iso-8859-1)} |
| 2697 | will make @code{iso-8859-1} and @code{x-unknown} ignored; that is, the |
| 2698 | default charset will be used for decoding articles. |
| 2699 | |
| 2700 | See also @code{gnus-group-ignored-charsets-alist}. |
| 2701 | |
| 2702 | @item posting-style |
| 2703 | You can store additional posting style information for this group only |
| 2704 | here (@pxref{Posting Styles}). The format is that of an entry in the |
| 2705 | @code{gnus-posting-styles} alist, except that there's no regexp matching |
| 2706 | the group name (of course). Style elements in this group parameter will |
| 2707 | take precedence over the ones found in @code{gnus-posting-styles}. |
| 2708 | |
| 2709 | For instance, if you want a funky name and signature in this group only, |
| 2710 | instead of hacking @code{gnus-posting-styles}, you could put something |
| 2711 | like this in the group parameters: |
| 2712 | |
| 2713 | @example |
| 2714 | (posting-style |
| 2715 | (name "Funky Name") |
| 2716 | (signature "Funky Signature")) |
| 2717 | @end example |
| 2718 | |
| 2719 | @item banner |
| 2720 | An item like @code{(banner . "regex")} causes any part of an article |
| 2721 | that matches the regular expression "regex" to be stripped. Instead of |
| 2722 | "regex", you can also use the symbol @code{signature} which strips the |
| 2723 | last signature or any of the elements of the alist |
| 2724 | @code{gnus-article-banner-alist}. |
| 2725 | |
| 2726 | @item (@var{variable} @var{form}) |
| 2727 | You can use the group parameters to set variables local to the group you |
| 2728 | are entering. If you want to turn threading off in @samp{news.answers}, |
| 2729 | you could put @code{(gnus-show-threads nil)} in the group parameters of |
| 2730 | that group. @code{gnus-show-threads} will be made into a local variable |
| 2731 | in the summary buffer you enter, and the form @code{nil} will be |
| 2732 | @code{eval}ed there. |
| 2733 | |
| 2734 | This can also be used as a group-specific hook function, if you like. |
| 2735 | If you want to hear a beep when you enter a group, you could put |
| 2736 | something like @code{(dummy-variable (ding))} in the parameters of that |
| 2737 | group. @code{dummy-variable} will be set to the result of the |
| 2738 | @code{(ding)} form, but who cares? |
| 2739 | |
| 2740 | @end table |
| 2741 | |
| 2742 | Use the @kbd{G p} or the @kbd{G c} command to edit group parameters of a |
| 2743 | group. (@kbd{G p} presents you with a Lisp-based interface, @kbd{G c} |
| 2744 | presents you with a Customize-like interface. The latter helps avoid |
| 2745 | silly Lisp errors.) You might also be interested in reading about topic |
| 2746 | parameters (@pxref{Topic Parameters}). |
| 2747 | |
| 2748 | |
| 2749 | @node Listing Groups |
| 2750 | @section Listing Groups |
| 2751 | @cindex group listing |
| 2752 | |
| 2753 | These commands all list various slices of the groups available. |
| 2754 | |
| 2755 | @table @kbd |
| 2756 | |
| 2757 | @item l |
| 2758 | @itemx A s |
| 2759 | @kindex A s @r{(Group)} |
| 2760 | @kindex l @r{(Group)} |
| 2761 | @findex gnus-group-list-groups |
| 2762 | List all groups that have unread articles |
| 2763 | (@code{gnus-group-list-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, this |
| 2764 | command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, it |
| 2765 | only lists groups of level five (i. e., |
| 2766 | @code{gnus-group-default-list-level}) or lower (i.e., just subscribed |
| 2767 | groups). |
| 2768 | |
| 2769 | @item L |
| 2770 | @itemx A u |
| 2771 | @kindex A u @r{(Group)} |
| 2772 | @kindex L @r{(Group)} |
| 2773 | @findex gnus-group-list-all-groups |
| 2774 | List all groups, whether they have unread articles or not |
| 2775 | (@code{gnus-group-list-all-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, |
| 2776 | this command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, |
| 2777 | it lists groups of level seven or lower (i.e., just subscribed and |
| 2778 | unsubscribed groups). |
| 2779 | |
| 2780 | @item A l |
| 2781 | @kindex A l @r{(Group)} |
| 2782 | @findex gnus-group-list-level |
| 2783 | List all unread groups on a specific level |
| 2784 | (@code{gnus-group-list-level}). If given a prefix, also list the groups |
| 2785 | with no unread articles. |
| 2786 | |
| 2787 | @item A k |
| 2788 | @kindex A k @r{(Group)} |
| 2789 | @findex gnus-group-list-killed |
| 2790 | List all killed groups (@code{gnus-group-list-killed}). If given a |
| 2791 | prefix argument, really list all groups that are available, but aren't |
| 2792 | currently (un)subscribed. This could entail reading the active file |
| 2793 | from the server. |
| 2794 | |
| 2795 | @item A z |
| 2796 | @kindex A z @r{(Group)} |
| 2797 | @findex gnus-group-list-zombies |
| 2798 | List all zombie groups (@code{gnus-group-list-zombies}). |
| 2799 | |
| 2800 | @item A m |
| 2801 | @kindex A m @r{(Group)} |
| 2802 | @findex gnus-group-list-matching |
| 2803 | List all unread, subscribed groups with names that match a regexp |
| 2804 | (@code{gnus-group-list-matching}). |
| 2805 | |
| 2806 | @item A M |
| 2807 | @kindex A M @r{(Group)} |
| 2808 | @findex gnus-group-list-all-matching |
| 2809 | List groups that match a regexp (@code{gnus-group-list-all-matching}). |
| 2810 | |
| 2811 | @item A A |
| 2812 | @kindex A A @r{(Group)} |
| 2813 | @findex gnus-group-list-active |
| 2814 | List absolutely all groups in the active file(s) of the |
| 2815 | server(s) you are connected to (@code{gnus-group-list-active}). This |
| 2816 | might very well take quite a while. It might actually be a better idea |
| 2817 | to do a @kbd{A M} to list all matching, and just give @samp{.} as the |
| 2818 | thing to match on. Also note that this command may list groups that |
| 2819 | don't exist (yet)---these will be listed as if they were killed groups. |
| 2820 | Take the output with some grains of salt. |
| 2821 | |
| 2822 | @item A a |
| 2823 | @kindex A a @r{(Group)} |
| 2824 | @findex gnus-group-apropos |
| 2825 | List all groups that have names that match a regexp |
| 2826 | (@code{gnus-group-apropos}). |
| 2827 | |
| 2828 | @item A d |
| 2829 | @kindex A d @r{(Group)} |
| 2830 | @findex gnus-group-description-apropos |
| 2831 | List all groups that have names or descriptions that match a regexp |
| 2832 | (@code{gnus-group-description-apropos}). |
| 2833 | |
| 2834 | @item A c |
| 2835 | @kindex A c @r{(Group)} |
| 2836 | @findex gnus-group-list-cached |
| 2837 | List all groups with cached articles (@code{gnus-group-list-cached}). |
| 2838 | |
| 2839 | @item A ? |
| 2840 | @kindex A ? @r{(Group)} |
| 2841 | @findex gnus-group-list-dormant |
| 2842 | List all groups with dormant articles (@code{gnus-group-list-dormant}). |
| 2843 | |
| 2844 | @end table |
| 2845 | |
| 2846 | @vindex gnus-permanently-visible-groups |
| 2847 | @cindex visible group parameter |
| 2848 | Groups that match the @code{gnus-permanently-visible-groups} regexp will |
| 2849 | always be shown, whether they have unread articles or not. You can also |
| 2850 | add the @code{visible} element to the group parameters in question to |
| 2851 | get the same effect. |
| 2852 | |
| 2853 | @vindex gnus-list-groups-with-ticked-articles |
| 2854 | Groups that have just ticked articles in it are normally listed in the |
| 2855 | group buffer. If @code{gnus-list-groups-with-ticked-articles} is |
| 2856 | @code{nil}, these groups will be treated just like totally empty |
| 2857 | groups. It is @code{t} by default. |
| 2858 | |
| 2859 | |
| 2860 | @node Sorting Groups |
| 2861 | @section Sorting Groups |
| 2862 | @cindex sorting groups |
| 2863 | |
| 2864 | @kindex C-c C-s @r{(Group)} |
| 2865 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups |
| 2866 | @vindex gnus-group-sort-function |
| 2867 | The @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups}) command sorts the |
| 2868 | group buffer according to the function(s) given by the |
| 2869 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} variable. Available sorting functions |
| 2870 | include: |
| 2871 | |
| 2872 | @table @code |
| 2873 | |
| 2874 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet |
| 2875 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet |
| 2876 | Sort the group names alphabetically. This is the default. |
| 2877 | |
| 2878 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-real-name |
| 2879 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-real-name |
| 2880 | Sort the group alphabetically on the real (unprefixed) group names. |
| 2881 | |
| 2882 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-level |
| 2883 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-level |
| 2884 | Sort by group level. |
| 2885 | |
| 2886 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-score |
| 2887 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-score |
| 2888 | Sort by group score. @xref{Group Score}. |
| 2889 | |
| 2890 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-rank |
| 2891 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-rank |
| 2892 | Sort by group score and then the group level. The level and the score |
| 2893 | are, when taken together, the group's @dfn{rank}. @xref{Group Score}. |
| 2894 | |
| 2895 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-unread |
| 2896 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-unread |
| 2897 | Sort by number of unread articles. |
| 2898 | |
| 2899 | @item gnus-group-sort-by-method |
| 2900 | @findex gnus-group-sort-by-method |
| 2901 | Sort alphabetically on the select method. |
| 2902 | |
| 2903 | |
| 2904 | @end table |
| 2905 | |
| 2906 | @code{gnus-group-sort-function} can also be a list of sorting |
| 2907 | functions. In that case, the most significant sort key function must be |
| 2908 | the last one. |
| 2909 | |
| 2910 | |
| 2911 | There are also a number of commands for sorting directly according to |
| 2912 | some sorting criteria: |
| 2913 | |
| 2914 | @table @kbd |
| 2915 | @item G S a |
| 2916 | @kindex G S a @r{(Group)} |
| 2917 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-alphabet |
| 2918 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by group name |
| 2919 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-alphabet}). |
| 2920 | |
| 2921 | @item G S u |
| 2922 | @kindex G S u @r{(Group)} |
| 2923 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-unread |
| 2924 | Sort the group buffer by the number of unread articles |
| 2925 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-unread}). |
| 2926 | |
| 2927 | @item G S l |
| 2928 | @kindex G S l @r{(Group)} |
| 2929 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-level |
| 2930 | Sort the group buffer by group level |
| 2931 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-level}). |
| 2932 | |
| 2933 | @item G S v |
| 2934 | @kindex G S v @r{(Group)} |
| 2935 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score |
| 2936 | Sort the group buffer by group score |
| 2937 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. |
| 2938 | |
| 2939 | @item G S r |
| 2940 | @kindex G S r @r{(Group)} |
| 2941 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank |
| 2942 | Sort the group buffer by group rank |
| 2943 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. |
| 2944 | |
| 2945 | @item G S m |
| 2946 | @kindex G S m @r{(Group)} |
| 2947 | @findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method |
| 2948 | Sort the group buffer alphabetically by back end name |
| 2949 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method}). |
| 2950 | |
| 2951 | @end table |
| 2952 | |
| 2953 | All the commands below obey the process/prefix convention |
| 2954 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). |
| 2955 | |
| 2956 | When given a symbolic prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}), all these |
| 2957 | commands will sort in reverse order. |
| 2958 | |
| 2959 | You can also sort a subset of the groups: |
| 2960 | |
| 2961 | @table @kbd |
| 2962 | @item G P a |
| 2963 | @kindex G P a @r{(Group)} |
| 2964 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-alphabet |
| 2965 | Sort the groups alphabetically by group name |
| 2966 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-alphabet}). |
| 2967 | |
| 2968 | @item G P u |
| 2969 | @kindex G P u @r{(Group)} |
| 2970 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-unread |
| 2971 | Sort the groups by the number of unread articles |
| 2972 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-unread}). |
| 2973 | |
| 2974 | @item G P l |
| 2975 | @kindex G P l @r{(Group)} |
| 2976 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-level |
| 2977 | Sort the groups by group level |
| 2978 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-level}). |
| 2979 | |
| 2980 | @item G P v |
| 2981 | @kindex G P v @r{(Group)} |
| 2982 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-score |
| 2983 | Sort the groups by group score |
| 2984 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. |
| 2985 | |
| 2986 | @item G P r |
| 2987 | @kindex G P r @r{(Group)} |
| 2988 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-rank |
| 2989 | Sort the groups by group rank |
| 2990 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. |
| 2991 | |
| 2992 | @item G P m |
| 2993 | @kindex G P m @r{(Group)} |
| 2994 | @findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method |
| 2995 | Sort the groups alphabetically by back end name |
| 2996 | (@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method}). |
| 2997 | |
| 2998 | @end table |
| 2999 | |
| 3000 | |
| 3001 | |
| 3002 | @node Group Maintenance |
| 3003 | @section Group Maintenance |
| 3004 | @cindex bogus groups |
| 3005 | |
| 3006 | @table @kbd |
| 3007 | @item b |
| 3008 | @kindex b @r{(Group)} |
| 3009 | @findex gnus-group-check-bogus-groups |
| 3010 | Find bogus groups and delete them |
| 3011 | (@code{gnus-group-check-bogus-groups}). |
| 3012 | |
| 3013 | @item F |
| 3014 | @kindex F @r{(Group)} |
| 3015 | @findex gnus-group-find-new-groups |
| 3016 | Find new groups and process them (@code{gnus-group-find-new-groups}). |
| 3017 | With 1 @kbd{C-u}, use the @code{ask-server} method to query the server |
| 3018 | for new groups. With 2 @kbd{C-u}'s, use most complete method possible |
| 3019 | to query the server for new groups, and subscribe the new groups as |
| 3020 | zombies. |
| 3021 | |
| 3022 | @item C-c C-x |
| 3023 | @kindex C-c C-x @r{(Group)} |
| 3024 | @findex gnus-group-expire-articles |
| 3025 | Run all expirable articles in the current group through the expiry |
| 3026 | process (if any) (@code{gnus-group-expire-articles}). |
| 3027 | |
| 3028 | @item C-c C-M-x |
| 3029 | @kindex C-c C-M-x @r{(Group)} |
| 3030 | @findex gnus-group-expire-all-groups |
| 3031 | Run all articles in all groups through the expiry process |
| 3032 | (@code{gnus-group-expire-all-groups}). |
| 3033 | |
| 3034 | @end table |
| 3035 | |
| 3036 | |
| 3037 | @node Browse Foreign Server |
| 3038 | @section Browse Foreign Server |
| 3039 | @cindex foreign servers |
| 3040 | @cindex browsing servers |
| 3041 | |
| 3042 | @table @kbd |
| 3043 | @item B |
| 3044 | @kindex B @r{(Group)} |
| 3045 | @findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server |
| 3046 | You will be queried for a select method and a server name. Gnus will |
| 3047 | then attempt to contact this server and let you browse the groups there |
| 3048 | (@code{gnus-group-browse-foreign-server}). |
| 3049 | @end table |
| 3050 | |
| 3051 | @findex gnus-browse-mode |
| 3052 | A new buffer with a list of available groups will appear. This buffer |
| 3053 | will use the @code{gnus-browse-mode}. This buffer looks a bit (well, |
| 3054 | a lot) like a normal group buffer. |
| 3055 | |
| 3056 | Here's a list of keystrokes available in the browse mode: |
| 3057 | |
| 3058 | @table @kbd |
| 3059 | @item n |
| 3060 | @kindex n (Browse) |
| 3061 | @findex gnus-group-next-group |
| 3062 | Go to the next group (@code{gnus-group-next-group}). |
| 3063 | |
| 3064 | @item p |
| 3065 | @kindex p (Browse) |
| 3066 | @findex gnus-group-prev-group |
| 3067 | Go to the previous group (@code{gnus-group-prev-group}). |
| 3068 | |
| 3069 | @item @key{SPC} |
| 3070 | @kindex @key{SPC} (Browse) |
| 3071 | @findex gnus-browse-read-group |
| 3072 | Enter the current group and display the first article |
| 3073 | (@code{gnus-browse-read-group}). |
| 3074 | |
| 3075 | @item @key{RET} |
| 3076 | @kindex @key{RET} (Browse) |
| 3077 | @findex gnus-browse-select-group |
| 3078 | Enter the current group (@code{gnus-browse-select-group}). |
| 3079 | |
| 3080 | @item u |
| 3081 | @kindex u (Browse) |
| 3082 | @findex gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group |
| 3083 | Unsubscribe to the current group, or, as will be the case here, |
| 3084 | subscribe to it (@code{gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group}). |
| 3085 | |
| 3086 | @item l |
| 3087 | @itemx q |
| 3088 | @kindex q (Browse) |
| 3089 | @kindex l (Browse) |
| 3090 | @findex gnus-browse-exit |
| 3091 | Exit browse mode (@code{gnus-browse-exit}). |
| 3092 | |
| 3093 | @item ? |
| 3094 | @kindex ? (Browse) |
| 3095 | @findex gnus-browse-describe-briefly |
| 3096 | Describe browse mode briefly (well, there's not much to describe, is |
| 3097 | there) (@code{gnus-browse-describe-briefly}). |
| 3098 | @end table |
| 3099 | |
| 3100 | |
| 3101 | @node Exiting Gnus |
| 3102 | @section Exiting Gnus |
| 3103 | @cindex exiting Gnus |
| 3104 | |
| 3105 | Yes, Gnus is ex(c)iting. |
| 3106 | |
| 3107 | @table @kbd |
| 3108 | @item z |
| 3109 | @kindex z @r{(Group)} |
| 3110 | @findex gnus-group-suspend |
| 3111 | Suspend Gnus (@code{gnus-group-suspend}). This doesn't really exit Gnus, |
| 3112 | but it kills all buffers except the Group buffer. I'm not sure why this |
| 3113 | is a gain, but then who am I to judge? |
| 3114 | |
| 3115 | @item q |
| 3116 | @kindex q @r{(Group)} |
| 3117 | @findex gnus-group-exit |
| 3118 | @c @icon{gnus-group-exit} |
| 3119 | Quit Gnus (@code{gnus-group-exit}). |
| 3120 | |
| 3121 | @item Q |
| 3122 | @kindex Q @r{(Group)} |
| 3123 | @findex gnus-group-quit |
| 3124 | Quit Gnus without saving the @file{.newsrc} files (@code{gnus-group-quit}). |
| 3125 | The dribble file will be saved, though (@pxref{Auto Save}). |
| 3126 | @end table |
| 3127 | |
| 3128 | @vindex gnus-exit-gnus-hook |
| 3129 | @vindex gnus-suspend-gnus-hook |
| 3130 | @code{gnus-suspend-gnus-hook} is called when you suspend Gnus and |
| 3131 | @code{gnus-exit-gnus-hook} is called when you quit Gnus, while |
| 3132 | @code{gnus-after-exiting-gnus-hook} is called as the final item when |
| 3133 | exiting Gnus. |
| 3134 | |
| 3135 | @findex gnus-unload |
| 3136 | @cindex unloading |
| 3137 | If you wish to completely unload Gnus and all its adherents, you can use |
| 3138 | the @code{gnus-unload} command. This command is also very handy when |
| 3139 | trying to customize meta-variables. |
| 3140 | |
| 3141 | Note: |
| 3142 | |
| 3143 | @quotation |
| 3144 | Miss Lisa Cannifax, while sitting in English class, felt her feet go |
| 3145 | numbly heavy and herself fall into a hazy trance as the boy sitting |
| 3146 | behind her drew repeated lines with his pencil across the back of her |
| 3147 | plastic chair. |
| 3148 | @end quotation |
| 3149 | |
| 3150 | |
| 3151 | @node Group Topics |
| 3152 | @section Group Topics |
| 3153 | @cindex topics |
| 3154 | |
| 3155 | If you read lots and lots of groups, it might be convenient to group |
| 3156 | them hierarchically according to topics. You put your Emacs groups over |
| 3157 | here, your sex groups over there, and the rest (what, two groups or so?) |
| 3158 | you put in some misc section that you never bother with anyway. You can |
| 3159 | even group the Emacs sex groups as a sub-topic to either the Emacs |
| 3160 | groups or the sex groups---or both! Go wild! |
| 3161 | |
| 3162 | @iftex |
| 3163 | @iflatex |
| 3164 | \gnusfigure{Group Topics}{400}{ |
| 3165 | \put(75,50){\epsfig{figure=tmp/group-topic.ps,height=9cm}} |
| 3166 | } |
| 3167 | @end iflatex |
| 3168 | @end iftex |
| 3169 | |
| 3170 | Here's an example: |
| 3171 | |
| 3172 | @example |
| 3173 | Gnus |
| 3174 | Emacs -- I wuw it! |
| 3175 | 3: comp.emacs |
| 3176 | 2: alt.religion.emacs |
| 3177 | Naughty Emacs |
| 3178 | 452: alt.sex.emacs |
| 3179 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery |
| 3180 | Misc |
| 3181 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals |
| 3182 | 13: comp.sources.unix |
| 3183 | @end example |
| 3184 | |
| 3185 | @findex gnus-topic-mode |
| 3186 | @kindex t @r{(Group)} |
| 3187 | To get this @emph{fab} functionality you simply turn on (ooh!) the |
| 3188 | @code{gnus-topic} minor mode---type @kbd{t} in the group buffer. (This |
| 3189 | is a toggling command.) |
| 3190 | |
| 3191 | Go ahead, just try it. I'll still be here when you get back. La de |
| 3192 | dum... Nice tune, that... la la la... What, you're back? Yes, and now |
| 3193 | press @kbd{l}. There. All your groups are now listed under |
| 3194 | @samp{misc}. Doesn't that make you feel all warm and fuzzy? Hot and |
| 3195 | bothered? |
| 3196 | |
| 3197 | If you want this permanently enabled, you should add that minor mode to |
| 3198 | the hook for the group mode: |
| 3199 | |
| 3200 | @lisp |
| 3201 | (add-hook 'gnus-group-mode-hook 'gnus-topic-mode) |
| 3202 | @end lisp |
| 3203 | |
| 3204 | @menu |
| 3205 | * Topic Variables:: How to customize the topics the Lisp Way. |
| 3206 | * Topic Commands:: Interactive E-Z commands. |
| 3207 | * Topic Sorting:: Sorting each topic individually. |
| 3208 | * Topic Topology:: A map of the world. |
| 3209 | * Topic Parameters:: Parameters that apply to all groups in a topic. |
| 3210 | @end menu |
| 3211 | |
| 3212 | |
| 3213 | @node Topic Variables |
| 3214 | @subsection Topic Variables |
| 3215 | @cindex topic variables |
| 3216 | |
| 3217 | Now, if you select a topic, it will fold/unfold that topic, which is |
| 3218 | really neat, I think. |
| 3219 | |
| 3220 | @vindex gnus-topic-line-format |
| 3221 | The topic lines themselves are created according to the |
| 3222 | @code{gnus-topic-line-format} variable (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). |
| 3223 | Valid elements are: |
| 3224 | |
| 3225 | @table @samp |
| 3226 | @item i |
| 3227 | Indentation. |
| 3228 | @item n |
| 3229 | Topic name. |
| 3230 | @item v |
| 3231 | Visibility. |
| 3232 | @item l |
| 3233 | Level. |
| 3234 | @item g |
| 3235 | Number of groups in the topic. |
| 3236 | @item a |
| 3237 | Number of unread articles in the topic. |
| 3238 | @item A |
| 3239 | Number of unread articles in the topic and all its subtopics. |
| 3240 | @end table |
| 3241 | |
| 3242 | @vindex gnus-topic-indent-level |
| 3243 | Each sub-topic (and the groups in the sub-topics) will be indented with |
| 3244 | @code{gnus-topic-indent-level} times the topic level number of spaces. |
| 3245 | The default is 2. |
| 3246 | |
| 3247 | @vindex gnus-topic-mode-hook |
| 3248 | @code{gnus-topic-mode-hook} is called in topic minor mode buffers. |
| 3249 | |
| 3250 | @vindex gnus-topic-display-empty-topics |
| 3251 | The @code{gnus-topic-display-empty-topics} says whether to display even |
| 3252 | topics that have no unread articles in them. The default is @code{t}. |
| 3253 | |
| 3254 | |
| 3255 | @node Topic Commands |
| 3256 | @subsection Topic Commands |
| 3257 | @cindex topic commands |
| 3258 | |
| 3259 | When the topic minor mode is turned on, a new @kbd{T} submap will be |
| 3260 | available. In addition, a few of the standard keys change their |
| 3261 | definitions slightly. |
| 3262 | |
| 3263 | @table @kbd |
| 3264 | |
| 3265 | @item T n |
| 3266 | @kindex T n (Topic) |
| 3267 | @findex gnus-topic-create-topic |
| 3268 | Prompt for a new topic name and create it |
| 3269 | (@code{gnus-topic-create-topic}). |
| 3270 | |
| 3271 | @item T m |
| 3272 | @kindex T m (Topic) |
| 3273 | @findex gnus-topic-move-group |
| 3274 | Move the current group to some other topic |
| 3275 | (@code{gnus-topic-move-group}). This command uses the process/prefix |
| 3276 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). |
| 3277 | |
| 3278 | @item T j |
| 3279 | @kindex T j (Topic) |
| 3280 | @findex gnus-topic-jump-to-topic |
| 3281 | Go to a topic (@code{gnus-topic-jump-to-topic}). |
| 3282 | |
| 3283 | @item T c |
| 3284 | @kindex T c (Topic) |
| 3285 | @findex gnus-topic-copy-group |
| 3286 | Copy the current group to some other topic |
| 3287 | (@code{gnus-topic-copy-group}). This command uses the process/prefix |
| 3288 | convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). |
| 3289 | |
| 3290 | @item T h |
| 3291 | @kindex T h (Topic) |
| 3292 | @findex gnus-topic-hide-topic |
| 3293 | Hide the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-hide-topic}). If given |
| 3294 | a prefix, hide the topic permanently. |
| 3295 | |
| 3296 | @item T s |
| 3297 | @kindex T s (Topic) |
| 3298 | @findex gnus-topic-show-topic |
| 3299 | Show the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-show-topic}). If given |
| 3300 | a prefix, show the topic permanently. |
| 3301 | |
| 3302 | @item T D |
| 3303 | @kindex T D (Topic) |
| 3304 | @findex gnus-topic-remove-group |
| 3305 | Remove a group from the current topic (@code{gnus-topic-remove-group}). |
| 3306 | This command is mainly useful if you have the same group in several |
| 3307 | topics and wish to remove it from one of the topics. You may also |
| 3308 | remove a group from all topics, but in that case, Gnus will add it to |
| 3309 | the root topic the next time you start Gnus. In fact, all new groups |
| 3310 | (which, naturally, don't belong to any topic) will show up in the root |
| 3311 | topic. |
| 3312 | |
| 3313 | This command uses the process/prefix convention |
| 3314 | (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). |
| 3315 | |
| 3316 | @item T M |
| 3317 | @kindex T M (Topic) |
| 3318 | @findex gnus-topic-move-matching |
| 3319 | Move all groups that match some regular expression to a topic |
| 3320 | (@code{gnus-topic-move-matching}). |
| 3321 | |
| 3322 | @item T C |
| 3323 | @kindex T C (Topic) |
| 3324 | @findex gnus-topic-copy-matching |
| 3325 | Copy all groups that match some regular expression to a topic |
| 3326 | (@code{gnus-topic-copy-matching}). |
| 3327 | |
| 3328 | @item T H |
| 3329 | @kindex T H (Topic) |
| 3330 | @findex gnus-topic-toggle-display-empty-topics |
| 3331 | Toggle hiding empty topics |
| 3332 | (@code{gnus-topic-toggle-display-empty-topics}). |
| 3333 | |
| 3334 | @item T # |
| 3335 | @kindex T # (Topic) |
| 3336 | @findex gnus-topic-mark-topic |
| 3337 | Mark all groups in the current topic with the process mark |
| 3338 | (@code{gnus-topic-mark-topic}). |
| 3339 | |
| 3340 | @item T M-# |
| 3341 | @kindex T M-# (Topic) |
| 3342 | @findex gnus-topic-unmark-topic |
| 3343 | Remove the process mark from all groups in the current topic |
| 3344 | (@code{gnus-topic-unmark-topic}). |
| 3345 | |
| 3346 | @item T TAB |
| 3347 | @itemx TAB |
| 3348 | @kindex T TAB (Topic) |
| 3349 | @kindex TAB (Topic) |
| 3350 | @findex gnus-topic-indent |
| 3351 | ``Indent'' the current topic so that it becomes a sub-topic of the |
| 3352 | previous topic (@code{gnus-topic-indent}). If given a prefix, |
| 3353 | ``un-indent'' the topic instead. |
| 3354 | |
| 3355 | @item M-TAB |
| 3356 | @kindex M-TAB (Topic) |
| 3357 | @findex gnus-topic-unindent |
| 3358 | ``Un-indent'' the current topic so that it becomes a sub-topic of the |
| 3359 | parent of its current parent (@code{gnus-topic-unindent}). |
| 3360 | |
| 3361 | @item @key{RET} |
| 3362 | @kindex @key{RET} (Topic) |
| 3363 | @findex gnus-topic-select-group |
| 3364 | @itemx @key{SPC} |
| 3365 | Either select a group or fold a topic (@code{gnus-topic-select-group}). |
| 3366 | When you perform this command on a group, you'll enter the group, as |
| 3367 | usual. When done on a topic line, the topic will be folded (if it was |
| 3368 | visible) or unfolded (if it was folded already). So it's basically a |
| 3369 | toggling command on topics. In addition, if you give a numerical |
| 3370 | prefix, group on that level (and lower) will be displayed. |
| 3371 | |
| 3372 | @item C-c C-x |
| 3373 | @kindex C-c C-x (Topic) |
| 3374 | @findex gnus-topic-expire-articles |
| 3375 | Run all expirable articles in the current group or topic through the expiry |
| 3376 | process (if any) (@code{gnus-topic-expire-articles}). |
| 3377 | |
| 3378 | @item C-k |
| 3379 | @kindex C-k (Topic) |
| 3380 | @findex gnus-topic-kill-group |
| 3381 | Kill a group or topic (@code{gnus-topic-kill-group}). All groups in the |
| 3382 | topic will be removed along with the topic. |
| 3383 | |
| 3384 | @item C-y |
| 3385 | @kindex C-y (Topic) |
| 3386 | @findex gnus-topic-yank-group |
| 3387 | Yank the previously killed group or topic |
| 3388 | (@code{gnus-topic-yank-group}). Note that all topics will be yanked |
| 3389 | before all groups. |
| 3390 | |
| 3391 | @item T r |
| 3392 | @kindex T r (Topic) |
| 3393 | @findex gnus-topic-rename |
| 3394 | Rename a topic (@code{gnus-topic-rename}). |
| 3395 | |
| 3396 | @item T @key{DEL} |
| 3397 | @kindex T @key{DEL} (Topic) |
| 3398 | @findex gnus-topic-delete |
| 3399 | Delete an empty topic (@code{gnus-topic-delete}). |
| 3400 | |
| 3401 | @item A T |
| 3402 | @kindex A T (Topic) |
| 3403 | @findex gnus-topic-list-active |
| 3404 | List all groups that Gnus knows about in a topics-ified way |
| 3405 | (@code{gnus-topic-list-active}). |
| 3406 | |
| 3407 | @item G p |
| 3408 | @kindex G p (Topic) |
| 3409 | @findex gnus-topic-edit-parameters |
| 3410 | @cindex group parameters |
| 3411 | @cindex topic parameters |
| 3412 | @cindex parameters |
| 3413 | Edit the topic parameters (@code{gnus-topic-edit-parameters}). |
| 3414 | @xref{Topic Parameters}. |
| 3415 | |
| 3416 | @end table |
| 3417 | |
| 3418 | |
| 3419 | @node Topic Sorting |
| 3420 | @subsection Topic Sorting |
| 3421 | @cindex topic sorting |
| 3422 | |
| 3423 | You can sort the groups in each topic individually with the following |
| 3424 | commands: |
| 3425 | |
| 3426 | |
| 3427 | @table @kbd |
| 3428 | @item T S a |
| 3429 | @kindex T S a (Topic) |
| 3430 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-alphabet |
| 3431 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by group name |
| 3432 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-alphabet}). |
| 3433 | |
| 3434 | @item T S u |
| 3435 | @kindex T S u (Topic) |
| 3436 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-unread |
| 3437 | Sort the current topic by the number of unread articles |
| 3438 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-unread}). |
| 3439 | |
| 3440 | @item T S l |
| 3441 | @kindex T S l (Topic) |
| 3442 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-level |
| 3443 | Sort the current topic by group level |
| 3444 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-level}). |
| 3445 | |
| 3446 | @item T S v |
| 3447 | @kindex T S v (Topic) |
| 3448 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-score |
| 3449 | Sort the current topic by group score |
| 3450 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-score}). @xref{Group Score}. |
| 3451 | |
| 3452 | @item T S r |
| 3453 | @kindex T S r (Topic) |
| 3454 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-rank |
| 3455 | Sort the current topic by group rank |
| 3456 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-rank}). @xref{Group Score}. |
| 3457 | |
| 3458 | @item T S m |
| 3459 | @kindex T S m (Topic) |
| 3460 | @findex gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-method |
| 3461 | Sort the current topic alphabetically by back end name |
| 3462 | (@code{gnus-topic-sort-groups-by-method}). |
| 3463 | |
| 3464 | @end table |
| 3465 | |
| 3466 | @xref{Sorting Groups}, for more information about group sorting. |
| 3467 | |
| 3468 | |
| 3469 | @node Topic Topology |
| 3470 | @subsection Topic Topology |
| 3471 | @cindex topic topology |
| 3472 | @cindex topology |
| 3473 | |
| 3474 | So, let's have a look at an example group buffer: |
| 3475 | |
| 3476 | @example |
| 3477 | Gnus |
| 3478 | Emacs -- I wuw it! |
| 3479 | 3: comp.emacs |
| 3480 | 2: alt.religion.emacs |
| 3481 | Naughty Emacs |
| 3482 | 452: alt.sex.emacs |
| 3483 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery |
| 3484 | Misc |
| 3485 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals |
| 3486 | 13: comp.sources.unix |
| 3487 | @end example |
| 3488 | |
| 3489 | So, here we have one top-level topic (@samp{Gnus}), two topics under |
| 3490 | that, and one sub-topic under one of the sub-topics. (There is always |
| 3491 | just one (1) top-level topic). This topology can be expressed as |
| 3492 | follows: |
| 3493 | |
| 3494 | @lisp |
| 3495 | (("Gnus" visible) |
| 3496 | (("Emacs -- I wuw it!" visible) |
| 3497 | (("Naughty Emacs" visible))) |
| 3498 | (("Misc" visible))) |
| 3499 | @end lisp |
| 3500 | |
| 3501 | @vindex gnus-topic-topology |
| 3502 | This is in fact how the variable @code{gnus-topic-topology} would look |
| 3503 | for the display above. That variable is saved in the @file{.newsrc.eld} |
| 3504 | file, and shouldn't be messed with manually---unless you really want |
| 3505 | to. Since this variable is read from the @file{.newsrc.eld} file, |
| 3506 | setting it in any other startup files will have no effect. |
| 3507 | |
| 3508 | This topology shows what topics are sub-topics of what topics (right), |
| 3509 | and which topics are visible. Two settings are currently |
| 3510 | allowed---@code{visible} and @code{invisible}. |
| 3511 | |
| 3512 | |
| 3513 | @node Topic Parameters |
| 3514 | @subsection Topic Parameters |
| 3515 | @cindex topic parameters |
| 3516 | |
| 3517 | All groups in a topic will inherit group parameters from the parent (and |
| 3518 | ancestor) topic parameters. All valid group parameters are valid topic |
| 3519 | parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}). |
| 3520 | |
| 3521 | In addition, the following parameters are only valid as topic |
| 3522 | parameters: |
| 3523 | |
| 3524 | @table @code |
| 3525 | @item subscribe |
| 3526 | When subscribing new groups by topic (@pxref{Subscription Methods}), the |
| 3527 | @code{subscribe} topic parameter says what groups go in what topic. Its |
| 3528 | value should be a regexp to match the groups that should go in that |
| 3529 | topic. |
| 3530 | |
| 3531 | @end table |
| 3532 | |
| 3533 | Group parameters (of course) override topic parameters, and topic |
| 3534 | parameters in sub-topics override topic parameters in super-topics. You |
| 3535 | know. Normal inheritance rules. (@dfn{Rules} is here a noun, not a |
| 3536 | verb, although you may feel free to disagree with me here.) |
| 3537 | |
| 3538 | @example |
| 3539 | Gnus |
| 3540 | Emacs |
| 3541 | 3: comp.emacs |
| 3542 | 2: alt.religion.emacs |
| 3543 | 452: alt.sex.emacs |
| 3544 | Relief |
| 3545 | 452: alt.sex.emacs |
| 3546 | 0: comp.talk.emacs.recovery |
| 3547 | Misc |
| 3548 | 8: comp.binaries.fractals |
| 3549 | 13: comp.sources.unix |
| 3550 | 452: alt.sex.emacs |
| 3551 | @end example |
| 3552 | |
| 3553 | The @samp{Emacs} topic has the topic parameter @code{(score-file |
| 3554 | . "emacs.SCORE")}; the @samp{Relief} topic has the topic parameter |
| 3555 | @code{(score-file . "relief.SCORE")}; and the @samp{Misc} topic has the |
| 3556 | topic parameter @code{(score-file . "emacs.SCORE")}. In addition, |
| 3557 | @* @samp{alt.religion.emacs} has the group parameter @code{(score-file |
| 3558 | . "religion.SCORE")}. |
| 3559 | |
| 3560 | Now, when you enter @samp{alt.sex.emacs} in the @samp{Relief} topic, you |
| 3561 | will get the @file{relief.SCORE} home score file. If you enter the same |
| 3562 | group in the @samp{Emacs} topic, you'll get the @file{emacs.SCORE} home |
| 3563 | score file. If you enter the group @samp{alt.religion.emacs}, you'll |
| 3564 | get the @file{religion.SCORE} home score file. |
| 3565 | |
| 3566 | This seems rather simple and self-evident, doesn't it? Well, yes. But |
| 3567 | there are some problems, especially with the @code{total-expiry} |
| 3568 | parameter. Say you have a mail group in two topics; one with |
| 3569 | @code{total-expiry} and one without. What happens when you do @kbd{M-x |
| 3570 | gnus-expire-all-expirable-groups}? Gnus has no way of telling which one |
| 3571 | of these topics you mean to expire articles from, so anything may |
| 3572 | happen. In fact, I hereby declare that it is @dfn{undefined} what |
| 3573 | happens. You just have to be careful if you do stuff like that. |
| 3574 | |
| 3575 | |
| 3576 | @node Misc Group Stuff |
| 3577 | @section Misc Group Stuff |
| 3578 | |
| 3579 | @menu |
| 3580 | * Scanning New Messages:: Asking Gnus to see whether new messages have arrived. |
| 3581 | * Group Information:: Information and help on groups and Gnus. |
| 3582 | * Group Timestamp:: Making Gnus keep track of when you last read a group. |
| 3583 | * File Commands:: Reading and writing the Gnus files. |
| 3584 | @end menu |
| 3585 | |
| 3586 | @table @kbd |
| 3587 | |
| 3588 | @item ^ |
| 3589 | @kindex ^ @r{(Group)} |
| 3590 | @findex gnus-group-enter-server-mode |
| 3591 | Enter the server buffer (@code{gnus-group-enter-server-mode}). |
| 3592 | @xref{The Server Buffer}. |
| 3593 | |
| 3594 | @item a |
| 3595 | @kindex a @r{(Group)} |
| 3596 | @findex gnus-group-post-news |
| 3597 | Post an article to a group (@code{gnus-group-post-news}). If given a |
| 3598 | prefix, the current group name will be used as the default. |
| 3599 | |
| 3600 | @item m |
| 3601 | @kindex m @r{(Group)} |
| 3602 | @findex gnus-group-mail |
| 3603 | Mail a message somewhere (@code{gnus-group-mail}). |
| 3604 | |
| 3605 | @end table |
| 3606 | |
| 3607 | Variables for the group buffer: |
| 3608 | |
| 3609 | @table @code |
| 3610 | |
| 3611 | @item gnus-group-mode-hook |
| 3612 | @vindex gnus-group-mode-hook |
| 3613 | is called after the group buffer has been |
| 3614 | created. |
| 3615 | |
| 3616 | @item gnus-group-prepare-hook |
| 3617 | @vindex gnus-group-prepare-hook |
| 3618 | is called after the group buffer is |
| 3619 | generated. It may be used to modify the buffer in some strange, |
| 3620 | unnatural way. |
| 3621 | |
| 3622 | @item gnus-group-prepared-hook |
| 3623 | @vindex gnus-group-prepare-hook |
| 3624 | is called as the very last thing after the group buffer has been |
| 3625 | generated. It may be used to move point around, for instance. |
| 3626 | |
| 3627 | @item gnus-permanently-visible-groups |
| 3628 | @vindex gnus-permanently-visible-groups |
| 3629 | Groups matching this regexp will always be listed in the group buffer, |
| 3630 | whether they are empty or not. |
| 3631 | |
| 3632 | @item gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist |
| 3633 | @vindex gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist |
| 3634 | An alist of method and the charset for group names. It is used to show |
| 3635 | non-ASCII group names. |
| 3636 | |
| 3637 | For example: |
| 3638 | @lisp |
| 3639 | (setq gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist |
| 3640 | '(((nntp "news.com.cn") . cn-gb-2312))) |
| 3641 | @end lisp |
| 3642 | |
| 3643 | @item gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist |
| 3644 | @vindex gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist |
| 3645 | An alist of regexp of group name and the charset for group names. |
| 3646 | It is used to show non-ASCII group names. |
| 3647 | |
| 3648 | For example: |
| 3649 | @lisp |
| 3650 | (setq gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist |
| 3651 | '(("\\.com\\.cn:" . cn-gb-2312))) |
| 3652 | @end lisp |
| 3653 | |
| 3654 | @end table |
| 3655 | |
| 3656 | @node Scanning New Messages |
| 3657 | @subsection Scanning New Messages |
| 3658 | @cindex new messages |
| 3659 | @cindex scanning new news |
| 3660 | |
| 3661 | @table @kbd |
| 3662 | |
| 3663 | @item g |
| 3664 | @kindex g @r{(Group)} |
| 3665 | @findex gnus-group-get-new-news |
| 3666 | @c @icon{gnus-group-get-new-news} |
| 3667 | Check the server(s) for new articles. If the numerical prefix is used, |
| 3668 | this command will check only groups of level @var{arg} and lower |
| 3669 | (@code{gnus-group-get-new-news}). If given a non-numerical prefix, this |
| 3670 | command will force a total re-reading of the active file(s) from the |
| 3671 | back end(s). |
| 3672 | |
| 3673 | @item M-g |
| 3674 | @kindex M-g @r{(Group)} |
| 3675 | @findex gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group |
| 3676 | @vindex gnus-goto-next-group-when-activating |
| 3677 | @c @icon{gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group} |
| 3678 | Check whether new articles have arrived in the current group |
| 3679 | (@code{gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group}). |
| 3680 | @code{gnus-goto-next-group-when-activating} says whether this command is |
| 3681 | to move point to the next group or not. It is @code{t} by default. |
| 3682 | |
| 3683 | @findex gnus-activate-all-groups |
| 3684 | @cindex activating groups |
| 3685 | @item C-c M-g |
| 3686 | @kindex C-c M-g @r{(Group)} |
| 3687 | Activate absolutely all groups (@code{gnus-activate-all-groups}). |
| 3688 | |
| 3689 | @item R |
| 3690 | @kindex R @r{(Group)} |
| 3691 | @cindex restarting |
| 3692 | @findex gnus-group-restart |
| 3693 | Restart Gnus (@code{gnus-group-restart}). This saves the @file{.newsrc} |
| 3694 | file(s), closes the connection to all servers, clears up all run-time |
| 3695 | Gnus variables, and then starts Gnus all over again. |
| 3696 | |
| 3697 | @end table |
| 3698 | |
| 3699 | @vindex gnus-get-new-news-hook |
| 3700 | @code{gnus-get-new-news-hook} is run just before checking for new news. |
| 3701 | |
| 3702 | @vindex gnus-after-getting-new-news-hook |
| 3703 | @code{gnus-after-getting-new-news-hook} is run after checking for new |
| 3704 | news. |
| 3705 | |
| 3706 | |
| 3707 | @node Group Information |
| 3708 | @subsection Group Information |
| 3709 | @cindex group information |
| 3710 | @cindex information on groups |
| 3711 | |
| 3712 | @table @kbd |
| 3713 | |
| 3714 | |
| 3715 | @item H f |
| 3716 | @kindex H f @r{(Group)} |
| 3717 | @findex gnus-group-fetch-faq |
| 3718 | @vindex gnus-group-faq-directory |
| 3719 | @cindex FAQ |
| 3720 | @cindex ange-ftp |
| 3721 | Try to fetch the FAQ for the current group |
| 3722 | (@code{gnus-group-fetch-faq}). Gnus will try to get the FAQ from |
| 3723 | @code{gnus-group-faq-directory}, which is usually a directory on a |
| 3724 | remote machine. This variable can also be a list of directories. In |
| 3725 | that case, giving a prefix to this command will allow you to choose |
| 3726 | between the various sites. @code{ange-ftp} (or @code{efs}) will be used |
| 3727 | for fetching the file. |
| 3728 | |
| 3729 | If fetching from the first site is unsuccessful, Gnus will attempt to go |
| 3730 | through @code{gnus-group-faq-directory} and try to open them one by one. |
| 3731 | |
| 3732 | @item H d |
| 3733 | @itemx C-c C-d |
| 3734 | @c @icon{gnus-group-describe-group} |
| 3735 | @kindex H d @r{(Group)} |
| 3736 | @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Group)} |
| 3737 | @cindex describing groups |
| 3738 | @cindex group description |
| 3739 | @findex gnus-group-describe-group |
| 3740 | Describe the current group (@code{gnus-group-describe-group}). If given |
| 3741 | a prefix, force Gnus to re-read the description from the server. |
| 3742 | |
| 3743 | @item M-d |
| 3744 | @kindex M-d @r{(Group)} |
| 3745 | @findex gnus-group-describe-all-groups |
| 3746 | Describe all groups (@code{gnus-group-describe-all-groups}). If given a |
| 3747 | prefix, force Gnus to re-read the description file from the server. |
| 3748 | |
| 3749 | @item H v |
| 3750 | @itemx V |
| 3751 | @kindex V @r{(Group)} |
| 3752 | @kindex H v @r{(Group)} |
| 3753 | @cindex version |
| 3754 | @findex gnus-version |
| 3755 | Display current Gnus version numbers (@code{gnus-version}). |
| 3756 | |
| 3757 | @item ? |
| 3758 | @kindex ? @r{(Group)} |
| 3759 | @findex gnus-group-describe-briefly |
| 3760 | Give a very short help message (@code{gnus-group-describe-briefly}). |
| 3761 | |
| 3762 | @item C-c C-i |
| 3763 | @kindex C-c C-i @r{(Group)} |
| 3764 | @cindex info |
| 3765 | @cindex manual |
| 3766 | @findex gnus-info-find-node |
| 3767 | Go to the Gnus info node (@code{gnus-info-find-node}). |
| 3768 | @end table |
| 3769 | |
| 3770 | |
| 3771 | @node Group Timestamp |
| 3772 | @subsection Group Timestamp |
| 3773 | @cindex timestamps |
| 3774 | @cindex group timestamps |
| 3775 | |
| 3776 | It can be convenient to let Gnus keep track of when you last read a |
| 3777 | group. To set the ball rolling, you should add |
| 3778 | @code{gnus-group-set-timestamp} to @code{gnus-select-group-hook}: |
| 3779 | |
| 3780 | @lisp |
| 3781 | (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook 'gnus-group-set-timestamp) |
| 3782 | @end lisp |
| 3783 | |
| 3784 | After doing this, each time you enter a group, it'll be recorded. |
| 3785 | |
| 3786 | This information can be displayed in various ways---the easiest is to |
| 3787 | use the @samp{%d} spec in the group line format: |
| 3788 | |
| 3789 | @lisp |
| 3790 | (setq gnus-group-line-format |
| 3791 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %d\n") |
| 3792 | @end lisp |
| 3793 | |
| 3794 | This will result in lines looking like: |
| 3795 | |
| 3796 | @example |
| 3797 | * 0: mail.ding 19961002T012943 |
| 3798 | 0: custom 19961002T012713 |
| 3799 | @end example |
| 3800 | |
| 3801 | As you can see, the date is displayed in compact ISO 8601 format. This |
| 3802 | may be a bit too much, so to just display the date, you could say |
| 3803 | something like: |
| 3804 | |
| 3805 | @lisp |
| 3806 | (setq gnus-group-line-format |
| 3807 | "%M\%S\%p\%P\%5y: %(%-40,40g%) %6,6~(cut 2)d\n") |
| 3808 | @end lisp |
| 3809 | |
| 3810 | |
| 3811 | @node File Commands |
| 3812 | @subsection File Commands |
| 3813 | @cindex file commands |
| 3814 | |
| 3815 | @table @kbd |
| 3816 | |
| 3817 | @item r |
| 3818 | @kindex r @r{(Group)} |
| 3819 | @findex gnus-group-read-init-file |
| 3820 | @vindex gnus-init-file |
| 3821 | @cindex reading init file |
| 3822 | Re-read the init file (@code{gnus-init-file}, which defaults to |
| 3823 | @file{~/.gnus}) (@code{gnus-group-read-init-file}). |
| 3824 | |
| 3825 | @item s |
| 3826 | @kindex s @r{(Group)} |
| 3827 | @findex gnus-group-save-newsrc |
| 3828 | @cindex saving .newsrc |
| 3829 | Save the @file{.newsrc.eld} file (and @file{.newsrc} if wanted) |
| 3830 | (@code{gnus-group-save-newsrc}). If given a prefix, force saving the |
| 3831 | file(s) whether Gnus thinks it is necessary or not. |
| 3832 | |
| 3833 | @c @item Z |
| 3834 | @c @kindex Z @r{(Group)} |
| 3835 | @c @findex gnus-group-clear-dribble |
| 3836 | @c Clear the dribble buffer (@code{gnus-group-clear-dribble}). |
| 3837 | |
| 3838 | @end table |
| 3839 | |
| 3840 | |
| 3841 | @node The Summary Buffer |
| 3842 | @chapter The Summary Buffer |
| 3843 | @cindex summary buffer |
| 3844 | |
| 3845 | A line for each article is displayed in the summary buffer. You can |
| 3846 | move around, read articles, post articles and reply to articles. |
| 3847 | |
| 3848 | The most common way to a summary buffer is to select a group from the |
| 3849 | group buffer (@pxref{Selecting a Group}). |
| 3850 | |
| 3851 | You can have as many summary buffers open as you wish. |
| 3852 | |
| 3853 | @menu |
| 3854 | * Summary Buffer Format:: Deciding how the summary buffer is to look. |
| 3855 | * Summary Maneuvering:: Moving around the summary buffer. |
| 3856 | * Choosing Articles:: Reading articles. |
| 3857 | * Paging the Article:: Scrolling the current article. |
| 3858 | * Reply Followup and Post:: Posting articles. |
| 3859 | * Marking Articles:: Marking articles as read, expirable, etc. |
| 3860 | * Limiting:: You can limit the summary buffer. |
| 3861 | * Threading:: How threads are made. |
| 3862 | * Sorting:: How articles and threads are sorted. |
| 3863 | * Asynchronous Fetching:: Gnus might be able to pre-fetch articles. |
| 3864 | * Article Caching:: You may store articles in a cache. |
| 3865 | * Persistent Articles:: Making articles expiry-resistant. |
| 3866 | * Article Backlog:: Having already read articles hang around. |
| 3867 | * Saving Articles:: Ways of customizing article saving. |
| 3868 | * Decoding Articles:: Gnus can treat series of (uu)encoded articles. |
| 3869 | * Article Treatment:: The article buffer can be mangled at will. |
| 3870 | * MIME Commands:: Doing MIMEy things with the articles. |
| 3871 | * Charsets:: Character set issues. |
| 3872 | * Article Commands:: Doing various things with the article buffer. |
| 3873 | * Summary Sorting:: Sorting the summary buffer in various ways. |
| 3874 | * Finding the Parent:: No child support? Get the parent. |
| 3875 | * Alternative Approaches:: Reading using non-default summaries. |
| 3876 | * Tree Display:: A more visual display of threads. |
| 3877 | * Mail Group Commands:: Some commands can only be used in mail groups. |
| 3878 | * Various Summary Stuff:: What didn't fit anywhere else. |
| 3879 | * Exiting the Summary Buffer:: Returning to the Group buffer, |
| 3880 | or reselecting the current group. |
| 3881 | * Crosspost Handling:: How crossposted articles are dealt with. |
| 3882 | * Duplicate Suppression:: An alternative when crosspost handling fails. |
| 3883 | @end menu |
| 3884 | |
| 3885 | |
| 3886 | @node Summary Buffer Format |
| 3887 | @section Summary Buffer Format |
| 3888 | @cindex summary buffer format |
| 3889 | |
| 3890 | @iftex |
| 3891 | @iflatex |
| 3892 | \gnusfigure{The Summary Buffer}{180}{ |
| 3893 | \put(0,0){\epsfig{figure=tmp/summary.ps,width=7.5cm}} |
| 3894 | \put(445,0){\makebox(0,0)[br]{\epsfig{figure=tmp/summary-article.ps,width=7.5cm}}} |
| 3895 | } |
| 3896 | @end iflatex |
| 3897 | @end iftex |
| 3898 | |
| 3899 | @menu |
| 3900 | * Summary Buffer Lines:: You can specify how summary lines should look. |
| 3901 | * To From Newsgroups:: How to not display your own name. |
| 3902 | * Summary Buffer Mode Line:: You can say how the mode line should look. |
| 3903 | * Summary Highlighting:: Making the summary buffer all pretty and nice. |
| 3904 | @end menu |
| 3905 | |
| 3906 | @findex mail-extract-address-components |
| 3907 | @findex gnus-extract-address-components |
| 3908 | @vindex gnus-extract-address-components |
| 3909 | Gnus will use the value of the @code{gnus-extract-address-components} |
| 3910 | variable as a function for getting the name and address parts of a |
| 3911 | @code{From} header. Two pre-defined functions exist: |
| 3912 | @code{gnus-extract-address-components}, which is the default, quite |
| 3913 | fast, and too simplistic solution; and |
| 3914 | @code{mail-extract-address-components}, which works very nicely, but is |
| 3915 | slower. The default function will return the wrong answer in 5% of the |
| 3916 | cases. If this is unacceptable to you, use the other function instead: |
| 3917 | |
| 3918 | @lisp |
| 3919 | (setq gnus-extract-address-components |
| 3920 | 'mail-extract-address-components) |
| 3921 | @end lisp |
| 3922 | |
| 3923 | @vindex gnus-summary-same-subject |
| 3924 | @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} is a string indicating that the current |
| 3925 | article has the same subject as the previous. This string will be used |
| 3926 | with those specs that require it. The default is @code{""}. |
| 3927 | |
| 3928 | |
| 3929 | @node Summary Buffer Lines |
| 3930 | @subsection Summary Buffer Lines |
| 3931 | |
| 3932 | @vindex gnus-summary-line-format |
| 3933 | You can change the format of the lines in the summary buffer by changing |
| 3934 | the @code{gnus-summary-line-format} variable. It works along the same |
| 3935 | lines as a normal @code{format} string, with some extensions |
| 3936 | (@pxref{Formatting Variables}). |
| 3937 | |
| 3938 | The default string is @samp{%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-20,20n%]%) %s\n}. |
| 3939 | |
| 3940 | The following format specification characters are understood: |
| 3941 | |
| 3942 | @table @samp |
| 3943 | @item N |
| 3944 | Article number. |
| 3945 | @item S |
| 3946 | Subject string. List identifiers stripped, |
| 3947 | @code{gnus-list-identifies}. @xref{Article Hiding}. |
| 3948 | @item s |
| 3949 | Subject if the article is the root of the thread or the previous article |
| 3950 | had a different subject, @code{gnus-summary-same-subject} otherwise. |
| 3951 | (@code{gnus-summary-same-subject} defaults to @code{""}.) |
| 3952 | @item F |
| 3953 | Full @code{From} header. |
| 3954 | @item n |
| 3955 | The name (from the @code{From} header). |
| 3956 | @item f |
| 3957 | The name, code @code{To} header or the @code{Newsgroups} header |
| 3958 | (@pxref{To From Newsgroups}). |
| 3959 | @item a |
| 3960 | The name (from the @code{From} header). This differs from the @code{n} |
| 3961 | spec in that it uses the function designated by the |
| 3962 | @code{gnus-extract-address-components} variable, which is slower, but |
| 3963 | may be more thorough. |
| 3964 | @item A |
| 3965 | The address (from the @code{From} header). This works the same way as |
| 3966 | the @code{a} spec. |
| 3967 | @item L |
| 3968 | Number of lines in the article. |
| 3969 | @item c |
| 3970 | Number of characters in the article. This specifier is not supported in some |
| 3971 | methods (like nnfolder). |
| 3972 | @item I |
| 3973 | Indentation based on thread level (@pxref{Customizing Threading}). |
| 3974 | @item T |
| 3975 | Nothing if the article is a root and lots of spaces if it isn't (it |
| 3976 | pushes everything after it off the screen). |
| 3977 | @item [ |
| 3978 | Opening bracket, which is normally @samp{[}, but can also be @samp{<} |
| 3979 | for adopted articles (@pxref{Customizing Threading}). |
| 3980 | @item ] |
| 3981 | Closing bracket, which is normally @samp{]}, but can also be @samp{>} |
| 3982 | for adopted articles. |
| 3983 | @item > |
| 3984 | One space for each thread level. |
| 3985 | @item < |
| 3986 | Twenty minus thread level spaces. |
| 3987 | @item U |
| 3988 | Unread. |
| 3989 | |
| 3990 | @item R |
| 3991 | This misleadingly named specifier is the @dfn{secondary mark}. This |
| 3992 | mark will say whether the article has been replied to, has been cached, |
| 3993 | or has been saved. |
| 3994 | |
| 3995 | @item i |
| 3996 | Score as a number (@pxref{Scoring}). |
| 3997 | @item z |
| 3998 | @vindex gnus-summary-zcore-fuzz |
| 3999 | Zcore, @samp{+} if above the default level and @samp{-} if below the |
| 4000 | default level. If the difference between |
| 4001 | @code{gnus-summary-default-score} and the score is less than |
| 4002 | @code{gnus-summary-zcore-fuzz}, this spec will not be used. |
| 4003 | @item V |
| 4004 | Total thread score. |
| 4005 | @item x |
| 4006 | @code{Xref}. |
| 4007 | @item D |
| 4008 | @code{Date}. |
| 4009 | @item d |
| 4010 | The @code{Date} in @code{DD-MMM} format. |
| 4011 | @item o |
| 4012 | The @code{Date} in @var{YYYYMMDD}@code{T}@var{HHMMSS} format. |
| 4013 | @item M |
| 4014 | @code{Message-ID}. |
| 4015 | @item r |
| 4016 | @code{References}. |
| 4017 | @item t |
| 4018 | Number of articles in the current sub-thread. Using this spec will slow |
| 4019 | down summary buffer generation somewhat. |
| 4020 | @item e |
| 4021 | An @samp{=} (@code{gnus-not-empty-thread-mark}) will be displayed if the |
| 4022 | article has any children. |
| 4023 | @item P |
| 4024 | The line number. |
| 4025 | @item O |
| 4026 | Download mark. |
| 4027 | @item u |
| 4028 | User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should |
| 4029 | be a letter. Gnus will call the function |
| 4030 | @code{gnus-user-format-function-}@samp{X}, where @samp{X} is the letter |
| 4031 | following @samp{%u}. The function will be passed the current header as |
| 4032 | argument. The function should return a string, which will be inserted |
| 4033 | into the summary just like information from any other summary specifier. |
| 4034 | @end table |
| 4035 | |
| 4036 | The @samp{%U} (status), @samp{%R} (replied) and @samp{%z} (zcore) specs |
| 4037 | have to be handled with care. For reasons of efficiency, Gnus will |
| 4038 | compute what column these characters will end up in, and ``hard-code'' |
| 4039 | that. This means that it is invalid to have these specs after a |
| 4040 | variable-length spec. Well, you might not be arrested, but your summary |
| 4041 | buffer will look strange, which is bad enough. |
| 4042 | |
| 4043 | The smart choice is to have these specs as far to the left as possible. |
| 4044 | (Isn't that the case with everything, though? But I digress.) |
| 4045 | |
| 4046 | This restriction may disappear in later versions of Gnus. |
| 4047 | |
| 4048 | |
| 4049 | @node To From Newsgroups |
| 4050 | @subsection To From Newsgroups |
| 4051 | @cindex To |
| 4052 | @cindex Newsgroups |
| 4053 | |
| 4054 | In some groups (particularly in archive groups), the @code{From} header |
| 4055 | isn't very interesting, since all the articles there are written by |
| 4056 | you. To display the information in the @code{To} or @code{Newsgroups} |
| 4057 | headers instead, you need to decide three things: What information to |
| 4058 | gather; where to display it; and when to display it. |
| 4059 | |
| 4060 | @enumerate |
| 4061 | @item |
| 4062 | @vindex gnus-extra-headers |
| 4063 | The reading of extra header information is controlled by the |
| 4064 | @code{gnus-extra-headers}. This is a list of header symbols. For |
| 4065 | instance: |
| 4066 | |
| 4067 | @lisp |
| 4068 | (setq gnus-extra-headers |
| 4069 | '(To Newsgroups X-Newsreader)) |
| 4070 | @end lisp |
| 4071 | |
| 4072 | This will result in Gnus trying to obtain these three headers, and |
| 4073 | storing it in header structures for later easy retrieval. |
| 4074 | |
| 4075 | @item |
| 4076 | @findex gnus-extra-header |
| 4077 | The value of these extra headers can be accessed via the |
| 4078 | @code{gnus-extra-header} function. Here's a format line spec that will |
| 4079 | access the @code{X-Newsreader} header: |
| 4080 | |
| 4081 | @example |
| 4082 | "%~(form (gnus-extra-header 'X-Newsreader))@@" |
| 4083 | @end example |
| 4084 | |
| 4085 | @item |
| 4086 | @vindex gnus-ignored-from-addresses |
| 4087 | The @code{gnus-ignored-from-addresses} variable says when the @samp{%f} |
| 4088 | summary line spec returns the @code{To}, @code{Newsreader} or |
| 4089 | @code{From} header. If this regexp matches the contents of the |
| 4090 | @code{From} header, the value of the @code{To} or @code{Newsreader} |
| 4091 | headers are used instead. |
| 4092 | |
| 4093 | @end enumerate |
| 4094 | |
| 4095 | @vindex nnmail-extra-headers |
| 4096 | A related variable is @code{nnmail-extra-headers}, which controls when |
| 4097 | to include extra headers when generating overview (@sc{nov}) files. If |
| 4098 | you have old overview files, you should regenerate them after changing |
| 4099 | this variable. |
| 4100 | |
| 4101 | @vindex gnus-summary-line-format |
| 4102 | You also have to instruct Gnus to display the data by changing the |
| 4103 | @code{%n} spec to the @code{%f} spec in the |
| 4104 | @code{gnus-summary-line-format} variable. |
| 4105 | |
| 4106 | In summary, you'd typically do something like the following: |
| 4107 | |
| 4108 | @lisp |
| 4109 | (setq gnus-extra-headers |
| 4110 | '(To Newsgroups)) |
| 4111 | (setq nnmail-extra-headers gnus-extra-headers) |
| 4112 | (setq gnus-summary-line-format |
| 4113 | "%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-20,20f%]%) %s\n") |
| 4114 | (setq gnus-ignored-from-addresses |
| 4115 | "Your Name Here") |
| 4116 | @end lisp |
| 4117 | |
| 4118 | Now, this is mostly useful for mail groups, where you have control over |
| 4119 | the @sc{nov} files that are created. However, if you can persuade your |
| 4120 | nntp admin to add: |
| 4121 | |
| 4122 | @example |
| 4123 | Newsgroups:full |
| 4124 | @end example |
| 4125 | |
| 4126 | to the end of her @file{overview.fmt} file, then you can use that just |
| 4127 | as you would the extra headers from the mail groups. |
| 4128 | |
| 4129 | |
| 4130 | @node Summary Buffer Mode Line |
| 4131 | @subsection Summary Buffer Mode Line |
| 4132 | |
| 4133 | @vindex gnus-summary-mode-line-format |
| 4134 | You can also change the format of the summary mode bar (@pxref{Mode Line |
| 4135 | Formatting}). Set @code{gnus-summary-mode-line-format} to whatever you |
| 4136 | like. The default is @samp{Gnus: %%b [%A] %Z}. |
| 4137 | |
| 4138 | Here are the elements you can play with: |
| 4139 | |
| 4140 | @table @samp |
| 4141 | @item G |
| 4142 | Group name. |
| 4143 | @item p |
| 4144 | Unprefixed group name. |
| 4145 | @item A |
| 4146 | Current article number. |
| 4147 | @item z |
| 4148 | Current article score. |
| 4149 | @item V |
| 4150 | Gnus version. |
| 4151 | @item U |
| 4152 | Number of unread articles in this group. |
| 4153 | @item e |
| 4154 | Number of unread articles in this group that aren't displayed in the |
| 4155 | summary buffer. |
| 4156 | @item Z |
| 4157 | A string with the number of unread and unselected articles represented |
| 4158 | either as @samp{<%U(+%e) more>} if there are both unread and unselected |
| 4159 | articles, and just as @samp{<%U more>} if there are just unread articles |
| 4160 | and no unselected ones. |
| 4161 | @item g |
| 4162 | Shortish group name. For instance, @samp{rec.arts.anime} will be |
| 4163 | shortened to @samp{r.a.anime}. |
| 4164 | @item S |
| 4165 | Subject of the current article. |
| 4166 | @item u |
| 4167 | User-defined spec (@pxref{User-Defined Specs}). |
| 4168 | @item s |
| 4169 | Name of the current score file (@pxref{Scoring}). |
| 4170 | @item d |
| 4171 | Number of dormant articles (@pxref{Unread Articles}). |
| 4172 | @item t |
| 4173 | Number of ticked articles (@pxref{Unread Articles}). |
| 4174 | @item r |
| 4175 | Number of articles that have been marked as read in this session. |
| 4176 | @item E |
| 4177 | Number of articles expunged by the score files. |
| 4178 | @end table |
| 4179 | |
| 4180 | |
| 4181 | @node Summary Highlighting |
| 4182 | @subsection Summary Highlighting |
| 4183 | |
| 4184 | @table @code |
| 4185 | |
| 4186 | @item gnus-visual-mark-article-hook |
| 4187 | @vindex gnus-visual-mark-article-hook |
| 4188 | This hook is run after selecting an article. It is meant to be used for |
| 4189 | highlighting the article in some way. It is not run if |
| 4190 | @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. |
| 4191 | |
| 4192 | @item gnus-summary-update-hook |
| 4193 | @vindex gnus-summary-update-hook |
| 4194 | This hook is called when a summary line is changed. It is not run if |
| 4195 | @code{gnus-visual} is @code{nil}. |
| 4196 | |
| 4197 | @item gnus-summary-selected-face |
| 4198 | @vindex gnus-summary-selected-face |
| 4199 | This is the face (or @dfn{font} as some people call it) used to |
| 4200 | highlight the current article in the summary buffer. |
| 4201 | |
| 4202 | @item gnus-summary-highlight |
| 4203 | @vindex gnus-summary-highlight |
| 4204 | Summary lines are highlighted according to this variable, which is a |
| 4205 | list where the elements are of the format @code{(@var{form} |
| 4206 | . @var{face})}. If you would, for instance, like ticked articles to be |
| 4207 | italic and high-scored articles to be bold, you could set this variable |
| 4208 | to something like |
| 4209 | @lisp |
| 4210 | (((eq mark gnus-ticked-mark) . italic) |
| 4211 | ((> score default) . bold)) |
| 4212 | @end lisp |
| 4213 | As you may have guessed, if @var{form} returns a non-@code{nil} value, |
| 4214 | @var{face} will be applied to the line. |
| 4215 | @end table |
| 4216 | |
| 4217 | |
| 4218 | @node Summary Maneuvering |
| 4219 | @section Summary Maneuvering |
| 4220 | @cindex summary movement |
| 4221 | |
| 4222 | All the straight movement commands understand the numeric prefix and |
| 4223 | behave pretty much as you'd expect. |
| 4224 | |
| 4225 | None of these commands select articles. |
| 4226 | |
| 4227 | @table @kbd |
| 4228 | @item G M-n |
| 4229 | @itemx M-n |
| 4230 | @kindex M-n @r{(Summary)} |
| 4231 | @kindex G M-n @r{(Summary)} |
| 4232 | @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-subject |
| 4233 | Go to the next summary line of an unread article |
| 4234 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-unread-subject}). |
| 4235 | |
| 4236 | @item G M-p |
| 4237 | @itemx M-p |
| 4238 | @kindex M-p @r{(Summary)} |
| 4239 | @kindex G M-p @r{(Summary)} |
| 4240 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject |
| 4241 | Go to the previous summary line of an unread article |
| 4242 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject}). |
| 4243 | |
| 4244 | @item G g |
| 4245 | @kindex G g @r{(Summary)} |
| 4246 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-subject |
| 4247 | Ask for an article number and then go to the summary line of that article |
| 4248 | without displaying the article (@code{gnus-summary-goto-subject}). |
| 4249 | @end table |
| 4250 | |
| 4251 | If Gnus asks you to press a key to confirm going to the next group, you |
| 4252 | can use the @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} keys to move around the group |
| 4253 | buffer, searching for the next group to read without actually returning |
| 4254 | to the group buffer. |
| 4255 | |
| 4256 | Variables related to summary movement: |
| 4257 | |
| 4258 | @table @code |
| 4259 | |
| 4260 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-next |
| 4261 | @item gnus-auto-select-next |
| 4262 | If you issue one of the movement commands (like @kbd{n}) and there are |
| 4263 | no more unread articles after the current one, Gnus will offer to go to |
| 4264 | the next group. If this variable is @code{t} and the next group is |
| 4265 | empty, Gnus will exit summary mode and return to the group buffer. If |
| 4266 | this variable is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, Gnus will select the |
| 4267 | next group, no matter whether it has any unread articles or not. As a |
| 4268 | special case, if this variable is @code{quietly}, Gnus will select the |
| 4269 | next group without asking for confirmation. If this variable is |
| 4270 | @code{almost-quietly}, the same will happen only if you are located on |
| 4271 | the last article in the group. Finally, if this variable is |
| 4272 | @code{slightly-quietly}, the @kbd{Z n} command will go to the next group |
| 4273 | without confirmation. Also @pxref{Group Levels}. |
| 4274 | |
| 4275 | @item gnus-auto-select-same |
| 4276 | @vindex gnus-auto-select-same |
| 4277 | If non-@code{nil}, all the movement commands will try to go to the next |
| 4278 | article with the same subject as the current. (@dfn{Same} here might |
| 4279 | mean @dfn{roughly equal}. See @code{gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit} |
| 4280 | for details (@pxref{Customizing Threading}).) If there are no more |
| 4281 | articles with the same subject, go to the first unread article. |
| 4282 | |
| 4283 | This variable is not particularly useful if you use a threaded display. |
| 4284 | |
| 4285 | @item gnus-summary-check-current |
| 4286 | @vindex gnus-summary-check-current |
| 4287 | If non-@code{nil}, all the ``unread'' movement commands will not proceed |
| 4288 | to the next (or previous) article if the current article is unread. |
| 4289 | Instead, they will choose the current article. |
| 4290 | |
| 4291 | @item gnus-auto-center-summary |
| 4292 | @vindex gnus-auto-center-summary |
| 4293 | If non-@code{nil}, Gnus will keep the point in the summary buffer |
| 4294 | centered at all times. This makes things quite tidy, but if you have a |
| 4295 | slow network connection, or simply do not like this un-Emacsism, you can |
| 4296 | set this variable to @code{nil} to get the normal Emacs scrolling |
| 4297 | action. This will also inhibit horizontal re-centering of the summary |
| 4298 | buffer, which might make it more inconvenient to read extremely long |
| 4299 | threads. |
| 4300 | |
| 4301 | This variable can also be a number. In that case, center the window at |
| 4302 | the given number of lines from the top. |
| 4303 | |
| 4304 | @end table |
| 4305 | |
| 4306 | |
| 4307 | @node Choosing Articles |
| 4308 | @section Choosing Articles |
| 4309 | @cindex selecting articles |
| 4310 | |
| 4311 | @menu |
| 4312 | * Choosing Commands:: Commands for choosing articles. |
| 4313 | * Choosing Variables:: Variables that influence these commands. |
| 4314 | @end menu |
| 4315 | |
| 4316 | |
| 4317 | @node Choosing Commands |
| 4318 | @subsection Choosing Commands |
| 4319 | |
| 4320 | None of the following movement commands understand the numeric prefix, |
| 4321 | and they all select and display an article. |
| 4322 | |
| 4323 | If you want to fetch new articles or redisplay the group, see |
| 4324 | @ref{Exiting the Summary Buffer}. |
| 4325 | |
| 4326 | @table @kbd |
| 4327 | @item @key{SPC} |
| 4328 | @kindex @key{SPC} @r{(Summary)} |
| 4329 | @findex gnus-summary-next-page |
| 4330 | Select the current article, or, if that one's read already, the next |
| 4331 | unread article (@code{gnus-summary-next-page}). |
| 4332 | |
| 4333 | @item G n |
| 4334 | @itemx n |
| 4335 | @kindex n @r{(Summary)} |
| 4336 | @kindex G n @r{(Summary)} |
| 4337 | @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-article |
| 4338 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-next-unread} |
| 4339 | Go to next unread article (@code{gnus-summary-next-unread-article}). |
| 4340 | |
| 4341 | @item G p |
| 4342 | @itemx p |
| 4343 | @kindex p @r{(Summary)} |
| 4344 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-article |
| 4345 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-prev-unread} |
| 4346 | Go to previous unread article (@code{gnus-summary-prev-unread-article}). |
| 4347 | |
| 4348 | @item G N |
| 4349 | @itemx N |
| 4350 | @kindex N @r{(Summary)} |
| 4351 | @kindex G N @r{(Summary)} |
| 4352 | @findex gnus-summary-next-article |
| 4353 | Go to the next article (@code{gnus-summary-next-article}). |
| 4354 | |
| 4355 | @item G P |
| 4356 | @itemx P |
| 4357 | @kindex P @r{(Summary)} |
| 4358 | @kindex G P @r{(Summary)} |
| 4359 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-article |
| 4360 | Go to the previous article (@code{gnus-summary-prev-article}). |
| 4361 | |
| 4362 | @item G C-n |
| 4363 | @kindex G C-n @r{(Summary)} |
| 4364 | @findex gnus-summary-next-same-subject |
| 4365 | Go to the next article with the same subject |
| 4366 | (@code{gnus-summary-next-same-subject}). |
| 4367 | |
| 4368 | @item G C-p |
| 4369 | @kindex G C-p @r{(Summary)} |
| 4370 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-same-subject |
| 4371 | Go to the previous article with the same subject |
| 4372 | (@code{gnus-summary-prev-same-subject}). |
| 4373 | |
| 4374 | @item G f |
| 4375 | @itemx . |
| 4376 | @kindex G f @r{(Summary)} |
| 4377 | @kindex . @r{(Summary)} |
| 4378 | @findex gnus-summary-first-unread-article |
| 4379 | Go to the first unread article |
| 4380 | (@code{gnus-summary-first-unread-article}). |
| 4381 | |
| 4382 | @item G b |
| 4383 | @itemx , |
| 4384 | @kindex G b @r{(Summary)} |
| 4385 | @kindex , @r{(Summary)} |
| 4386 | @findex gnus-summary-best-unread-article |
| 4387 | Go to the article with the highest score |
| 4388 | (@code{gnus-summary-best-unread-article}). |
| 4389 | |
| 4390 | @item G l |
| 4391 | @itemx l |
| 4392 | @kindex l @r{(Summary)} |
| 4393 | @kindex G l @r{(Summary)} |
| 4394 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-last-article |
| 4395 | Go to the previous article read (@code{gnus-summary-goto-last-article}). |
| 4396 | |
| 4397 | @item G o |
| 4398 | @kindex G o @r{(Summary)} |
| 4399 | @findex gnus-summary-pop-article |
| 4400 | @cindex history |
| 4401 | @cindex article history |
| 4402 | Pop an article off the summary history and go to this article |
| 4403 | (@code{gnus-summary-pop-article}). This command differs from the |
| 4404 | command above in that you can pop as many previous articles off the |
| 4405 | history as you like, while @kbd{l} toggles the two last read articles. |
| 4406 | For a somewhat related issue (if you use these commands a lot), |
| 4407 | @pxref{Article Backlog}. |
| 4408 | |
| 4409 | @item G j |
| 4410 | @itemx j |
| 4411 | @kindex j @r{(Summary)} |
| 4412 | @kindex G j @r{(Summary)} |
| 4413 | @findex gnus-summary-goto-article |
| 4414 | Ask for an article number or @code{Message-ID}, and then go to that |
| 4415 | article (@code{gnus-summary-goto-article}). |
| 4416 | @end table |
| 4417 | |
| 4418 | |
| 4419 | @node Choosing Variables |
| 4420 | @subsection Choosing Variables |
| 4421 | |
| 4422 | Some variables relevant for moving and selecting articles: |
| 4423 | |
| 4424 | @table @code |
| 4425 | @item gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup |
| 4426 | @vindex gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup |
| 4427 | All the movement commands will try to go to the previous (or next) |
| 4428 | article, even if that article isn't displayed in the Summary buffer if |
| 4429 | this variable is non-@code{nil}. Gnus will then fetch the article from |
| 4430 | the server and display it in the article buffer. |
| 4431 | |
| 4432 | @item gnus-select-article-hook |
| 4433 | @vindex gnus-select-article-hook |
| 4434 | This hook is called whenever an article is selected. By default it |
| 4435 | exposes any threads hidden under the selected article. |
| 4436 | |
| 4437 | @item gnus-mark-article-hook |
| 4438 | @vindex gnus-mark-article-hook |
| 4439 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read |
| 4440 | @findex gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read |
| 4441 | @findex gnus-unread-mark |
| 4442 | This hook is called whenever an article is selected. It is intended to |
| 4443 | be used for marking articles as read. The default value is |
| 4444 | @code{gnus-summary-mark-read-and-unread-as-read}, and will change the |
| 4445 | mark of almost any article you read to @code{gnus-unread-mark}. The |
| 4446 | only articles not affected by this function are ticked, dormant, and |
| 4447 | expirable articles. If you'd instead like to just have unread articles |
| 4448 | marked as read, you can use @code{gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read} |
| 4449 | instead. It will leave marks like @code{gnus-low-score-mark}, |
| 4450 | @code{gnus-del-mark} (and so on) alone. |
| 4451 | |
| 4452 | @end table |
| 4453 | |
| 4454 | |
| 4455 | @node Paging the Article |
| 4456 | @section Scrolling the Article |
| 4457 | @cindex article scrolling |
| 4458 | |
| 4459 | @table @kbd |
| 4460 | |
| 4461 | @item @key{SPC} |
| 4462 | @kindex @key{SPC} @r{(Summary)} |
| 4463 | @findex gnus-summary-next-page |
| 4464 | Pressing @key{SPC} will scroll the current article forward one page, |
| 4465 | or, if you have come to the end of the current article, will choose the |
| 4466 | next article (@code{gnus-summary-next-page}). |
| 4467 | |
| 4468 | @item @key{DEL} |
| 4469 | @kindex @key{DEL} @r{(Summary)} |
| 4470 | @findex gnus-summary-prev-page |
| 4471 | Scroll the current article back one page (@code{gnus-summary-prev-page}). |
| 4472 | |
| 4473 | @item @key{RET} |
| 4474 | @kindex @key{RET} @r{(Summary)} |
| 4475 | @findex gnus-summary-scroll-up |
| 4476 | Scroll the current article one line forward |
| 4477 | (@code{gnus-summary-scroll-up}). |
| 4478 | |
| 4479 | @item M-@key{RET} |
| 4480 | @kindex M-@key{RET} @r{(Summary)} |
| 4481 | @findex gnus-summary-scroll-down |
| 4482 | Scroll the current article one line backward |
| 4483 | (@code{gnus-summary-scroll-down}). |
| 4484 | |
| 4485 | @item A g |
| 4486 | @itemx g |
| 4487 | @kindex A g @r{(Summary)} |
| 4488 | @kindex g @r{(Summary)} |
| 4489 | @findex gnus-summary-show-article |
| 4490 | @vindex gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist |
| 4491 | (Re)fetch the current article (@code{gnus-summary-show-article}). If |
| 4492 | given a prefix, fetch the current article, but don't run any of the |
| 4493 | article treatment functions. This will give you a ``raw'' article, just |
| 4494 | the way it came from the server. |
| 4495 | |
| 4496 | If given a numerical prefix, you can do semi-manual charset stuff. |
| 4497 | @kbd{C-u 0 g cn-gb-2312 @key{RET}} will decode the message as if it were |
| 4498 | encoded in the @code{cn-gb-2312} charset. If you have |
| 4499 | |
| 4500 | @lisp |
| 4501 | (setq gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist |
| 4502 | '((1 . cn-gb-2312) |
| 4503 | (2 . big5))) |
| 4504 | @end lisp |
| 4505 | |
| 4506 | then you can say @kbd{C-u 1 g} to get the same effect. |
| 4507 | |
| 4508 | @item A < |
| 4509 | @itemx < |
| 4510 | @kindex < @r{(Summary)} |
| 4511 | @kindex A < @r{(Summary)} |
| 4512 | @findex gnus-summary-beginning-of-article |
| 4513 | Scroll to the beginning of the article |
| 4514 | (@code{gnus-summary-beginning-of-article}). |
| 4515 | |
| 4516 | @item A > |
| 4517 | @itemx > |
| 4518 | @kindex > @r{(Summary)} |
| 4519 | @kindex A > @r{(Summary)} |
| 4520 | @findex gnus-summary-end-of-article |
| 4521 | Scroll to the end of the article (@code{gnus-summary-end-of-article}). |
| 4522 | |
| 4523 | @item A s |
| 4524 | @itemx s |
| 4525 | @kindex A s @r{(Summary)} |
| 4526 | @kindex s @r{(Summary)} |
| 4527 | @findex gnus-summary-isearch-article |
| 4528 | Perform an isearch in the article buffer |
| 4529 | (@code{gnus-summary-isearch-article}). |
| 4530 | |
| 4531 | @item h |
| 4532 | @kindex h @r{(Summary)} |
| 4533 | @findex gnus-summary-select-article-buffer |
| 4534 | Select the article buffer (@code{gnus-summary-select-article-buffer}). |
| 4535 | |
| 4536 | @end table |
| 4537 | |
| 4538 | |
| 4539 | @node Reply Followup and Post |
| 4540 | @section Reply, Followup and Post |
| 4541 | |
| 4542 | @menu |
| 4543 | * Summary Mail Commands:: Sending mail. |
| 4544 | * Summary Post Commands:: Sending news. |
| 4545 | * Summary Message Commands:: Other Message-related commands. |
| 4546 | * Canceling and Superseding:: ``Whoops, I shouldn't have called him that.'' |
| 4547 | @end menu |
| 4548 | |
| 4549 | |
| 4550 | @node Summary Mail Commands |
| 4551 | @subsection Summary Mail Commands |
| 4552 | @cindex mail |
| 4553 | @cindex composing mail |
| 4554 | |
| 4555 | Commands for composing a mail message: |
| 4556 | |
| 4557 | @table @kbd |
| 4558 | |
| 4559 | @item S r |
| 4560 | @itemx r |
| 4561 | @kindex S r @r{(Summary)} |
| 4562 | @kindex r @r{(Summary)} |
| 4563 | @findex gnus-summary-reply |
| 4564 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-reply} |
| 4565 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-reply} |
| 4566 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article |
| 4567 | (@code{gnus-summary-reply}). |
| 4568 | |
| 4569 | @item S R |
| 4570 | @itemx R |
| 4571 | @kindex R @r{(Summary)} |
| 4572 | @kindex S R @r{(Summary)} |
| 4573 | @findex gnus-summary-reply-with-original |
| 4574 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-reply-with-original} |
| 4575 | Mail a reply to the author of the current article and include the |
| 4576 | original message (@code{gnus-summary-reply-with-original}). This |
| 4577 | command uses the process/prefix convention. |
| 4578 | |
| 4579 | @item S w |
| 4580 | @kindex S w @r{(Summary)} |
| 4581 | @findex gnus-summary-wide-reply |
| 4582 | Mail a wide reply to the author of the current article |
| 4583 | (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply}). A @dfn{wide reply} is a reply that |
| 4584 | goes out to all people listed in the @code{To}, @code{From} (or |
| 4585 | @code{Reply-to}) and @code{Cc} headers. |
| 4586 | |
| 4587 | @item S W |
| 4588 | @kindex S W @r{(Summary)} |
| 4589 | @findex gnus-summary-wide-reply-with-original |
| 4590 | Mail a wide reply to the current article and include the original |
| 4591 | message (@code{gnus-summary-wide-reply-with-original}). This command uses |
| 4592 | the process/prefix convention. |
| 4593 | |
| 4594 | @item S o m |
| 4595 | @itemx C-c C-f |
| 4596 | @kindex S o m @r{(Summary)} |
| 4597 | @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Summary)} |
| 4598 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-forward |
| 4599 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-forward} |
| 4600 | Forward the current article to some other person |
| 4601 | (@code{gnus-summary-mail-forward}). If no prefix is given, the message |
| 4602 | is forwarded according to the value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}) |
| 4603 | and (@code{message-forward-show-mml}); if the prefix is 1, decode the |
| 4604 | message and forward directly inline; if the prefix is 2, forward message |
| 4605 | as an rfc822 MIME section; if the prefix is 3, decode message and |
| 4606 | forward as an rfc822 MIME section; if the prefix is 4, forward message |
| 4607 | directly inline; otherwise, the message is forwarded as no prefix given |
| 4608 | but use the flipped value of (@code{message-forward-as-mime}). By |
| 4609 | default, the message is decoded and forwarded as an rfc822 MIME section. |
| 4610 | |
| 4611 | @item S m |
| 4612 | @itemx m |
| 4613 | @kindex m @r{(Summary)} |
| 4614 | @kindex S m @r{(Summary)} |
| 4615 | @findex gnus-summary-mail-other-window |
| 4616 | @c @icon{gnus-summary-mail-originate} |
| 4617 | Send a mail to some other person |
| 4618 | (@code{gnus-summary-mail-other-window}). |
| 4619 | |
| 4620 | @item S D b |
| 4621 | @kindex S D b @r{(Summary)} |
| 4622 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-bounced-mail |
| 4623 | @cindex bouncing mail |
| 4624 | If you have sent a mail, but the mail was bounced back to you for some |
| 4625 | reason (wrong address, transient failure), you can use this command to |
| 4626 | resend that bounced mail (@code{gnus-summary-resend-bounced-mail}). You |
| 4627 | will be popped into a mail buffer where you can edit the headers before |
| 4628 | sending the mail off again. If you give a prefix to this command, and |
| 4629 | the bounced mail is a reply to some other mail, Gnus will try to fetch |
| 4630 | that mail and display it for easy perusal of its headers. This might |
| 4631 | very well fail, though. |
| 4632 | |
| 4633 | @item S D r |
| 4634 | @kindex S D r @r{(Summary)} |
| 4635 | @findex gnus-summary-resend-message |
| 4636 | Not to be confused with the previous command, |
| 4637 | @code{gnus-summary-resend-message} will prompt you for an address to |
| 4638 | send the current message off to, and then send it to that place. The |
| 4639 | headers of the message won't be altered---but lots of headers that say |
| 4640 | @code{Resent-To}, @code{Resent-From} and so on will be added. This |
| 4641 | means that you actually send a mail to someone that has a @code{To} |
| 4642 | header that (probably) points to yourself. This will confuse people. |
| 4643 | So, natcherly you'll only do that if you're really eVIl. |
| 4644 | |
| 4645 | This command is mainly used if you have several accounts and want to |
| 4646 | ship a mail to a different account of yours. (If you're both |
| 4647 | @code{root} and @code{postmaster} and get a mail for @code{postmaster} |
| 4648 | to the @code{root} account, you may want to resend it to |
| 4649 |