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1 | %&tex |
2 | % | |
3 | % Title: GNU Emacs Survival Card | |
4 | % Author: Wlodek Bzyl <matwb@univ.gda.pl> | |
5 | % | |
6 | % $Revision: 1.8 $ | |
7 | % $Date: 2000/05/05 22:00:48 $ | |
8 | % | |
9 | %**start of header | |
10 | ||
11 | % User interface is `plain.tex' and macros described below | |
12 | % | |
13 | % \title{CARD TITLE}{for version 21} | |
14 | % \section{NAME} | |
15 | % optional paragraphs separated with \askip amount of vertical space | |
16 | % \key{KEY-NAME} description of key or | |
17 | % \mkey{M-x LONG-LISP-NAME} description of Elisp function | |
18 | % | |
19 | % \kbd{ARG} -- argument is typed literally | |
20 | ||
21 | \def\plainfmtname{plain} | |
22 | \ifx\fmtname\plainfmtname | |
23 | \else | |
24 | \errmessage{This file requires `plain' format to be typeset correctly} | |
25 | \endinput | |
26 | \fi | |
27 | ||
28 | % Copyright (c) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
29 | ||
30 | % This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
31 | ||
32 | % GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
33 | % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
34 | % the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) | |
35 | % any later version. | |
36 | ||
37 | % GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
38 | % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
39 | % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
40 | % GNU General Public License for more details. | |
41 | ||
42 | % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
43 | % along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to | |
44 | % the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, | |
45 | % Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. | |
46 | ||
47 | \def\versionnumber{1.0} | |
48 | \def\year{2000} | |
49 | ||
50 | \def\copyrightnotice{\penalty-1\vfill | |
51 | \vbox{\smallfont\baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip\raggedcenter | |
52 | Copyright \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.\break | |
53 | Version \versionnumber{} for GNU Emacs 21, April 2000\break | |
54 | Project W{\l}odek Bzyl (matwb@univ.gda.pl) | |
55 | ||
56 | Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of | |
57 | this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice | |
58 | are preserved on all copies.\par}} | |
59 | ||
60 | \hsize 3.2in | |
61 | \vsize 7.95in | |
62 | \font\titlefont=cmss10 scaled 1200 | |
63 | \font\headingfont=cmss10 | |
64 | \font\smallfont=cmr6 | |
65 | \font\smallsy=cmsy6 | |
66 | \font\eightrm=cmr8 | |
67 | \font\eightbf=cmbx8 | |
68 | \font\eightit=cmti8 | |
69 | \font\eighttt=cmtt8 | |
70 | \font\eightmi=cmmi8 | |
71 | \font\eightsy=cmsy8 | |
72 | \font\eightss=cmss8 | |
73 | \textfont0=\eightrm | |
74 | \textfont1=\eightmi | |
75 | \textfont2=\eightsy | |
76 | \def\rm{\eightrm} \rm | |
77 | \def\bf{\eightbf} | |
78 | \def\it{\eightit} | |
79 | \def\tt{\eighttt} | |
80 | \def\ss{\eightss} | |
81 | \baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip | |
82 | ||
83 | \newdimen\intercolumnskip % horizontal space between columns | |
84 | \intercolumnskip=0.5in | |
85 | ||
86 | % The TeXbook, p. 257 | |
87 | \let\lr=L \newbox\leftcolumn | |
88 | \output={\if L\lr | |
89 | \global\setbox\leftcolumn\columnbox \global\let\lr=R | |
90 | \else | |
91 | \doubleformat \global\let\lr=L\fi} | |
92 | \def\doubleformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline | |
93 | \leftline{\box\leftcolumn\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} | |
94 | \makefootline} | |
95 | \advancepageno} | |
96 | \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} | |
97 | ||
98 | \def\newcolumn{\vfil\eject} | |
99 | ||
100 | \def\bye{\par\vfil\supereject | |
101 | \if R\lr \null\vfil\eject\fi | |
102 | \end} | |
103 | ||
104 | \outer\def\title#1#2{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus 0.5ex | |
105 | \centerline{\ss#2} | |
106 | \vskip2\baselineskip} | |
107 | ||
108 | \outer\def\section#1{\filbreak | |
109 | \bskip | |
110 | \leftline{\headingfont #1} | |
111 | \askip} | |
112 | \def\bskip{\vskip 2.5ex plus 0.25ex } | |
113 | \def\askip{\vskip 0.75ex plus 0.25ex} | |
114 | ||
115 | \newdimen\defwidth \defwidth=0.25\hsize | |
116 | \def\hang{\hangindent\defwidth} | |
117 | ||
118 | \def\textindent#1{\noindent\llap{\hbox to \defwidth{\tt#1\hfil}}\ignorespaces} | |
119 | \def\key{\par\hangafter=0\hang\textindent} | |
120 | ||
121 | \def\mtextindent#1{\noindent\hbox{\tt#1\quad}\ignorespaces} | |
122 | \def\mkey{\par\hangafter=1\hang\mtextindent} | |
123 | ||
124 | \def\kbd#{\bgroup\tt \let\next= } | |
125 | ||
126 | \newdimen\raggedstretch | |
127 | \newskip\raggedparfill \raggedparfill=0pt plus 1fil | |
128 | \def\nohyphens | |
129 | {\hyphenpenalty10000\exhyphenpenalty10000\pretolerance10000} | |
130 | \def\raggedspaces | |
131 | {\spaceskip=0.3333em\relax | |
132 | \xspaceskip=0.5em\relax} | |
133 | \def\raggedright | |
134 | {\raggedstretch=6em | |
135 | \nohyphens | |
136 | \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch | |
137 | \raggedspaces | |
138 | \parfillskip=\raggedparfill | |
139 | \relax} | |
140 | \def\raggedcenter | |
141 | {\raggedstretch=6em | |
142 | \nohyphens | |
143 | \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch | |
144 | \leftskip=\rightskip | |
145 | \raggedspaces | |
146 | \parfillskip=0pt | |
147 | \relax} | |
148 | ||
149 | \chardef\\=`\\ | |
150 | ||
151 | \raggedright | |
152 | \nopagenumbers | |
153 | \parindent 0pt | |
154 | \interlinepenalty=10000 | |
155 | \hoffset -0.2in | |
156 | %\voffset 0.2in | |
157 | ||
158 | %**end of header | |
159 | \f | |
160 | ||
161 | \title{GNU\ \ Emacs\ \ Survival\ \ Card}{for version 21} | |
162 | ||
163 | In the following, \kbd{C-z} means hit the `\kbd{z}' key while | |
164 | holding down the {\it Ctrl}\ \ key. \kbd{M-z} means hit the | |
165 | `\kbd{z}' key while hitting the {\it Meta\/} (labeled {\it Alt\/} | |
166 | on some keyboards) or after hitting {\it Esc\/} key. | |
167 | ||
168 | \section{Running Emacs} | |
169 | ||
170 | To enter GNU Emacs, just type its name: \kbd{emacs}. | |
171 | Emacs divides the frame into several areas: | |
172 | menu line, | |
173 | buffer area with the edited text, | |
174 | mode line describing the buffer in the window above it, | |
175 | and a minibuffer/echo area in the last line. | |
176 | \askip | |
177 | \key{C-x C-c} quit Emacs | |
178 | \key{C-x C-f} edit file; this command uses the minibuffer to read | |
179 | the file name; use this to create new files by entering the name | |
180 | of the new file | |
181 | \key{C-x C-s} save the file | |
182 | \key{C-x k} kill a buffer | |
183 | \key{C-g} in most context: cancel, stop, abort partially typed or | |
184 | executing command | |
185 | \key{C-x u} undo | |
186 | ||
187 | \section{Moving About} | |
188 | ||
189 | \key{C-l} scroll current line to center of window | |
190 | \key{C-x b} switch to another buffer | |
191 | \key{M-<} move to beginning of buffer | |
192 | \key{M->} move to end of buffer | |
193 | \key{M-x goto-line} go to a given line number | |
194 | ||
195 | \section{Multiple Windows} | |
196 | ||
197 | \key{C-x 0} remove the current window from the display | |
198 | \key{C-x 1} make active window the only window | |
199 | \key{C-x 2} split window horizontally | |
200 | \key{C-x 3} split window vertically | |
201 | \key{C-x o} move to other window | |
202 | ||
203 | \section{Regions} | |
204 | ||
205 | Emacs defines a `region' as the space between the {\it mark\/} and | |
206 | the {\it point}. A mark is set with \kbd{C-{\it space}}. | |
207 | The point is at the cursor position. | |
208 | \askip | |
209 | \key{M-h} mark entire paragraph | |
210 | \key{C-x h} mark entire buffer | |
211 | ||
212 | \section{Killing and Copying} | |
213 | ||
214 | \key{C-w} kill region | |
215 | \key{M-w} copy region to kill-ring | |
216 | \key{C-k} kill from the cursor all the way to the end of the line | |
217 | \key{M-DEL} kill word | |
218 | \key{C-y} yank back the last kill (\kbd{C-w C-y} combination could be | |
219 | used to move text around) | |
220 | \key{M-y} replace last yank with previous kill | |
221 | ||
222 | \section{Searching} | |
223 | ||
224 | \key{C-s} search for a string | |
225 | \key{C-r} search for a string backwards | |
226 | \key{RET} quit searching | |
227 | \key{M-C-s} regular expression search | |
228 | \key{M-C-r} reverse regular expression search | |
229 | \askip | |
230 | Use \kbd{C-s} or \kbd{C-r} again to repeat the search in either direction. | |
231 | ||
232 | \section{Tags} | |
233 | ||
234 | Tags tables files record locations of function and | |
235 | procedure definitions, global variables, data types and anything | |
236 | else convenient. To create a tags table file, type | |
237 | `{\tt etags} {\it input\_files}' as a shell command. | |
238 | \askip | |
239 | \key{M-.} find a definition | |
240 | \key{C-u M-.} find next occurrence of definition | |
241 | \key{M-*} pop back to where \kbd{M-.} was last invoked | |
242 | \mkey{M-x tags-query-replace} run query-replace on all files | |
243 | recorded in tags table | |
244 | \key{M-,} continue last tags search or query-replace | |
245 | ||
246 | \section{Compiling} | |
247 | ||
248 | \key{M-x compile} compile code in active window | |
249 | \key{C-c C-c} go to the next compiler error, when in | |
250 | the compile window or | |
251 | \key{C-x `} when in the window with source code | |
252 | ||
253 | \section{Dired, the Directory Editor} | |
254 | ||
255 | \key{C-x d} invoke Dired | |
256 | \key{d} flag this file for deletion | |
257 | \key{\~{}} flag all backup files for deletion | |
258 | \key{u} remove deletion flag | |
259 | \key{x} delete the files flagged for deletion | |
260 | \key{C} copy file | |
261 | \key{g} update the Dired buffer | |
262 | \key{f} visit the file described on the current line | |
263 | \key{s} switch between alphabetical date/time order | |
264 | ||
265 | \section{Reading and Sending Mail} | |
266 | ||
267 | \key{M-x rmail} start reading mail | |
268 | \key{q} quit reading mail | |
269 | \key{h} show headers | |
270 | \key{d} mark the current message for deletion | |
271 | \key{x} remove all messages marked for deletion | |
272 | ||
273 | \key{C-x m} begin composing a message | |
274 | \key{C-c C-c} send the message and switch to another buffer | |
275 | \key{C-c C-f C-c} move to the `CC' header field, creating one | |
276 | if there is none | |
277 | ||
278 | \section{Miscellaneous} | |
279 | ||
280 | \key{M-q} fill paragraph | |
281 | \key{M-/} expand previous word dynamically | |
282 | \key{C-z} iconify (suspend) Emacs when running it under X or | |
283 | shell, respectively | |
284 | \mkey{M-x revert-buffer} replace the text being edited with the | |
285 | text of the file on disk | |
286 | ||
287 | \section{Query Replace} | |
288 | ||
289 | \key{M-\%} interactively search and replace | |
290 | \key{M-C-\%} using regular expressions | |
291 | \askip | |
292 | Valid responses in query-replace mode are | |
293 | \askip | |
294 | \key{SPC} replace this one, go on to next | |
295 | \key{,} replace this one, don't move | |
296 | \key{DEL} skip to next without replacing | |
297 | \key{!} replace all remaining matches | |
298 | \key{\^{}} back up to the previous match | |
299 | \key{RET} exit query-replace | |
300 | \key{C-r} enter recursive edit (\kbd{M-C-c} to exit) | |
301 | ||
302 | \section{Regular Expressions} | |
303 | ||
304 | \key{. {\rm(dot)}} any single character except a newline | |
305 | \key{*} zero or more repeats | |
306 | \key{+} one or more repeats | |
307 | \key{?} zero or one repeat | |
308 | \key{[$\ldots$]} denotes a class of character to match | |
309 | \key{[\^{}$\ldots$]} negates the class | |
310 | ||
311 | \key{\\{\it c}} quote characters otherwise having a special | |
312 | meaning in regular expressions | |
313 | ||
314 | \key{$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$} matches one of | |
315 | the alternatives (``or'') | |
316 | \key{\\( $\ldots$ \\)} groups a series of pattern elements to | |
317 | a single element | |
318 | \key{\\{\it n}} same text as {\it n\/}th group | |
319 | ||
320 | \key{\^{}} matches at line beginning | |
321 | \key{\$} matches at line end | |
322 | ||
323 | \key{\\w} matches word-syntax character | |
324 | \key{\\W} matches non-word-syntax character | |
325 | \key{\\<} matches at word beginning | |
326 | \key{\\>} matches at word end | |
327 | \key{\\b} matches at word break | |
328 | \key{\\B} matches at non-word break | |
329 | ||
330 | \section{Registers} | |
331 | ||
332 | \key{C-x r s} save region in register | |
333 | \key{C-x r i} insert register contents into buffer | |
334 | ||
335 | \key{C-x r SPC} save value of point in register | |
336 | \key{C-x r j} jump to point saved in register | |
337 | ||
338 | \section{Rectangles} | |
339 | ||
340 | \key{C-x r r} copy rectangle to register | |
341 | \key{C-x r k} kill rectangle | |
342 | \key{C-x r y} yank rectangle | |
343 | \key{C-x r t} prefix each line with a string | |
344 | ||
345 | \key{C-x r o} open rectangle, shifting text right | |
346 | \key{C-x r c} blank out rectangle | |
347 | ||
348 | \section{Shells} | |
349 | ||
350 | \key{M-x shell} start a shell within Emacs | |
351 | \key{M-!} execute a shell command | |
352 | \key{M-|} run a shell command on the region | |
353 | \key{C-u M-|} filter region through a shell command | |
354 | ||
355 | \section{Spelling Check} | |
356 | ||
357 | \key{M-\$} check spelling of word at the cursor | |
358 | \mkey{M-x ispell-region} check spelling of all words in region | |
359 | \mkey{M-x ispell-buffer} check spelling of entire buffer | |
360 | ||
361 | \section{International Character Sets} | |
362 | ||
363 | \key{C-x RET C-\\} select and activate input method for | |
364 | the current buffer | |
365 | \key{C-\\} enable or disable input method | |
366 | \mkey{M-x list-input-methods} show all input methods | |
367 | \mkey{M-x set-language-environment} specify principal language | |
368 | ||
369 | \key{C-x RET c} set coding system for next command | |
370 | \mkey{M-x find-file-literally} visit file with no conversion | |
371 | of any kind | |
372 | ||
373 | \mkey{M-x list-coding-systems} show all coding systems | |
374 | \mkey{M-x prefer-coding-system} choose preferred coding system | |
375 | ||
376 | \section{Keyboard Macros} | |
377 | ||
378 | \key{C-x (} start defining a keyboard macro | |
379 | \key{C-x )} end keyboard macro definition | |
380 | \key{C-x e} execute last-defined keyboard macro | |
381 | \key{C-u C-x (} append to last keyboard macro | |
382 | \mkey{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} name last keyboard macro | |
383 | ||
384 | \section{Simple Customization} | |
385 | ||
386 | \key{M-x customize} customize variables and faces | |
387 | ||
388 | \section{Getting Help} | |
389 | ||
390 | Emacs does command completion for you. Typing \kbd{M-x} | |
391 | {\it tab\/} or {\it space\/} gives a list of Emacs commands. | |
392 | \askip | |
393 | \key{C-h} Emacs help | |
394 | \key{C-h t} run the Emacs tutorial | |
395 | \key{C-h i} enter Info, the documentation browser | |
396 | \key{C-h a} show commands matching a string (apropos) | |
397 | \key{C-h k} display documentation of the function invoked by | |
398 | keystroke | |
399 | \askip | |
400 | Emacs gets into different {\it modes}, each of which customizes | |
401 | Emacs for editing text of a particular sort. The mode line | |
402 | contains names of the current modes, in parentheses. | |
403 | \askip | |
404 | \key{C-h m} get mode-specific information | |
405 | ||
406 | \copyrightnotice | |
407 | ||
408 | \bye | |
409 | \f | |
410 | % Local variables: | |
411 | % compile-command: "tex survival" | |
412 | % End: |