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6bf7aab6 | 1 | @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 | @c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 2001-2013 Free Software |
3 | @c Foundation, Inc. | |
6bf7aab6 | 4 | @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
321ca37f | 5 | @iftex |
6bf7aab6 | 6 | @chapter Entering and Exiting Emacs |
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7 | |
8 | This chapter explains how to enter Emacs, and how to exit it. | |
9 | @end iftex | |
10 | ||
11 | @ifnottex | |
12 | @raisesections | |
13 | @end ifnottex | |
14 | ||
abb9615e | 15 | @node Entering Emacs |
321ca37f | 16 | @section Entering Emacs |
6bf7aab6 | 17 | @cindex entering Emacs |
177c0ea7 | 18 | @cindex starting Emacs |
6bf7aab6 | 19 | |
708bf232 | 20 | The usual way to invoke Emacs is with the shell command |
321ca37f | 21 | @command{emacs}. From a terminal window running in the X Window |
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22 | System, you can run Emacs in the background with @command{emacs &}; |
23 | this way, Emacs won't tie up the terminal window, so you can use it to | |
24 | run other shell commands. | |
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25 | |
26 | @cindex startup screen | |
27 | When Emacs starts up, the initial frame displays a special buffer | |
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28 | named @samp{*GNU Emacs*}. This @dfn{startup screen} contains |
29 | information about Emacs and @dfn{links} to common tasks that are | |
30 | useful for beginning users. For instance, activating the @samp{Emacs | |
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31 | Tutorial} link opens the Emacs tutorial; this does the same thing as |
32 | the command @kbd{C-h t} (@code{help-with-tutorial}). To activate a | |
33 | link, either move point onto it and type @kbd{@key{RET}}, or click on | |
34 | it with @kbd{mouse-1} (the left mouse button). | |
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35 | |
36 | Using a command line argument, you can tell Emacs to visit one or | |
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37 | more files as soon as it starts up. For example, @command{emacs |
38 | foo.txt} starts Emacs with a buffer displaying the contents of the | |
39 | file @samp{foo.txt}. This feature exists mainly for compatibility | |
40 | with other editors, which are designed to be launched from the shell | |
41 | for short editing sessions. If you call Emacs this way, the initial | |
42 | frame is split into two windows---one showing the specified file, and | |
43 | the other showing the startup screen. @xref{Windows}. | |
44 | ||
45 | Generally, it is unnecessary and wasteful to start Emacs afresh each | |
46 | time you want to edit a file. The recommended way to use Emacs is to | |
47 | start it just once, just after you log in, and do all your editing in | |
48 | the same Emacs session. @xref{Files}, for information on visiting | |
49 | more than one file. If you use Emacs this way, the Emacs session | |
50 | accumulates valuable context, such as the kill ring, registers, undo | |
51 | history, and mark ring data, which together make editing more | |
52 | convenient. These features are described later in the manual. | |
6bf7aab6 | 53 | |
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54 | To edit a file from another program while Emacs is running, you can |
55 | use the @command{emacsclient} helper program to open a file in the | |
de0bde62 | 56 | existing Emacs session. @xref{Emacs Server}. |
9f1cc7eb | 57 | |
321ca37f | 58 | Emacs accepts other command line arguments that tell it to load |
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59 | certain Lisp files, where to put the initial frame, and so forth. |
60 | @xref{Emacs Invocation}. | |
6cca5de0 | 61 | |
6edf847b | 62 | @vindex inhibit-startup-screen |
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63 | If the variable @code{inhibit-startup-screen} is non-@code{nil}, |
64 | Emacs does not display the startup screen. In that case, if one or | |
65 | more files were specified on the command line, Emacs simply displays | |
1c64e6ed | 66 | those files; otherwise, it displays a buffer named @file{*scratch*}, |
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67 | which can be used to evaluate Emacs Lisp expressions interactively. |
68 | @xref{Lisp Interaction}. You can set the variable | |
69 | @code{inhibit-startup-screen} using the Customize facility | |
61b9fed1 | 70 | (@pxref{Easy Customization}), or by editing your initialization file |
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71 | (@pxref{Init File}).@footnote{Setting @code{inhibit-startup-screen} in |
72 | @file{site-start.el} doesn't work, because the startup screen is set | |
73 | up before reading @file{site-start.el}. @xref{Init File}, for | |
74 | information about @file{site-start.el}.} | |
6edf847b | 75 | |
be77bd45 | 76 | You can also force Emacs to display a file or directory at startup |
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77 | by setting the variable @code{initial-buffer-choice} to a a string |
78 | naming that file or directory. The value of | |
79 | @code{initial-buffer-choice} may also be a function which should | |
80 | return a buffer which is then displayed. @code{initial-buffer-choice} | |
81 | may also be @code{t} in which case the @file{*scratch*} buffer will be | |
82 | shown. In any case, even if you specify one or more files on the | |
83 | command line, Emacs opens but does not display them if | |
84 | @code{initial-buffer-choice} is non-nil. | |
be77bd45 | 85 | |
abb9615e | 86 | @node Exiting |
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87 | @section Exiting Emacs |
88 | @cindex exiting | |
89 | @cindex killing Emacs | |
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90 | @cindex leaving Emacs |
91 | @cindex quitting Emacs | |
92 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 93 | @table @kbd |
321ca37f | 94 | @item C-x C-c |
a115d013 | 95 | Kill Emacs (@code{save-buffers-kill-terminal}). |
6bf7aab6 | 96 | @item C-z |
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97 | On a text terminal, suspend Emacs; on a graphical display, |
98 | ``minimize'' the selected frame (@code{suspend-emacs}). | |
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99 | @end table |
100 | ||
6bf7aab6 | 101 | @kindex C-x C-c |
a115d013 | 102 | @findex save-buffers-kill-terminal |
321ca37f | 103 | @dfn{Killing} Emacs means terminating the Emacs program. To do |
a115d013 | 104 | this, type @kbd{C-x C-c} (@code{save-buffers-kill-terminal}). A |
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105 | two-character key sequence is used to make it harder to type by |
106 | accident. If there are any modified file-visiting buffers when you | |
107 | type @kbd{C-x C-c}, Emacs first offers to save these buffers. If you | |
108 | do not save them all, it asks for confirmation again, since the | |
109 | unsaved changes will be lost. Emacs also asks for confirmation if any | |
110 | subprocesses are still running, since killing Emacs will also kill the | |
111 | subprocesses (@pxref{Shell}). | |
321ca37f | 112 | |
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113 | @kbd{C-x C-c} behaves specially if you are using Emacs as a server. |
114 | If you type it from a ``client frame'', it closes the client | |
115 | connection. @xref{Emacs Server}. | |
116 | ||
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117 | Emacs can, optionally, record certain session information when you |
118 | kill it, such as the files you were visiting at the time. This | |
119 | information is then available the next time you start Emacs. | |
120 | @xref{Saving Emacs Sessions}. | |
6bf7aab6 | 121 | |
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122 | @vindex confirm-kill-emacs |
123 | If the value of the variable @code{confirm-kill-emacs} is | |
124 | non-@code{nil}, @kbd{C-x C-c} assumes that its value is a predicate | |
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125 | function, and calls that function. If the result of the function call |
126 | is non-@code{nil}, the session is killed, otherwise Emacs continues to | |
127 | run. One convenient function to use as the value of | |
128 | @code{confirm-kill-emacs} is the function @code{yes-or-no-p}. The | |
129 | default value of @code{confirm-kill-emacs} is @code{nil}. | |
130 | ||
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131 | @findex kill-emacs |
132 | To kill Emacs without being prompted about saving, type @kbd{M-x | |
133 | kill-emacs}. | |
134 | ||
321ca37f | 135 | @kindex C-z |
8ba46c89 | 136 | @findex suspend-frame |
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137 | @cindex minimizing |
138 | @cindex iconifying | |
139 | @cindex suspending | |
8ba46c89 | 140 | @kbd{C-z} runs the command @code{suspend-frame}. On a graphical |
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141 | display, this command @dfn{minimizes} (or @dfn{iconifies}) the |
142 | selected Emacs frame, hiding it in a way that lets you bring it back | |
143 | later (exactly how this hiding occurs depends on the window system). | |
144 | On a text terminal, the @kbd{C-z} command @dfn{suspends} Emacs, | |
145 | stopping the program temporarily and returning control to the parent | |
146 | process (usually a shell); in most shells, you can resume Emacs after | |
147 | suspending it with the shell command @command{%emacs}. | |
321ca37f | 148 | |
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149 | Text terminals usually listen for certain special characters whose |
150 | meaning is to kill or suspend the program you are running. @b{This | |
151 | terminal feature is turned off while you are in Emacs.} The meanings | |
152 | of @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-x C-c} as keys in Emacs were inspired by the | |
153 | use of @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} on several operating systems as the | |
154 | characters for stopping or killing a program, but that is their only | |
155 | relationship with the operating system. You can customize these keys | |
156 | to run any commands of your choice (@pxref{Keymaps}). | |
ab5796a9 | 157 | |
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158 | @ifnottex |
159 | @lowersections | |
160 | @end ifnottex |