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9a21d88b | 1 | GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2006-05-31 |
5b87ad55 | 2 | |
acaf905b | 3 | Copyright (C) 2000-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
5b87ad55 GM |
4 | See the end of the file for license conditions. |
5 | ||
9a21d88b KS |
6 | |
7 | This file is about changes in emacs version 21. | |
8 | ||
9 | ||
10 | \f | |
11 | * Emacs 21.4 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes. | |
12 | ||
13 | ||
14 | \f | |
15 | * Installation changes in Emacs 21.3 | |
16 | ||
17 | ** Support for GNU/Linux on little-endian MIPS and on IBM S390 has | |
18 | been added. | |
19 | ||
20 | \f | |
21 | * Changes in Emacs 21.3 | |
22 | ||
23 | ** The obsolete C mode (c-mode.el) has been removed to avoid problems | |
24 | with Custom. | |
25 | ||
26 | ** UTF-16 coding systems are available, encoding the same characters | |
27 | as mule-utf-8. | |
28 | ||
29 | ** There is a new language environment for UTF-8 (set up automatically | |
30 | in UTF-8 locales). | |
31 | ||
32 | ** Translation tables are available between equivalent characters in | |
33 | different Emacs charsets -- for instance `e with acute' coming from the | |
34 | Latin-1 and Latin-2 charsets. User options `unify-8859-on-encoding-mode' | |
35 | and `unify-8859-on-decoding-mode' respectively turn on translation | |
36 | between ISO 8859 character sets (`unification') on encoding | |
37 | (e.g. writing a file) and decoding (e.g. reading a file). Note that | |
38 | `unify-8859-on-encoding-mode' is useful and safe, but | |
39 | `unify-8859-on-decoding-mode' can cause text to change when you read | |
40 | it and write it out again without edits, so it is not generally advisable. | |
41 | By default `unify-8859-on-encoding-mode' is turned on. | |
42 | ||
43 | ** In Emacs running on the X window system, the default value of | |
44 | `selection-coding-system' is now `compound-text-with-extensions'. | |
45 | ||
46 | If you want the old behavior, set selection-coding-system to | |
47 | compound-text, which may be significantly more efficient. Using | |
48 | compound-text-with-extensions seems to be necessary only for decoding | |
49 | text from applications under XFree86 4.2, whose behavior is actually | |
50 | contrary to the compound text specification. | |
51 | ||
52 | ||
53 | \f | |
54 | * Installation changes in Emacs 21.2 | |
55 | ||
56 | ** Support for BSD/OS 5.0 has been added. | |
57 | ||
58 | ** Support for AIX 5.1 was added. | |
59 | ||
60 | \f | |
61 | * Changes in Emacs 21.2 | |
62 | ||
63 | ** Emacs now supports compound-text extended segments in X selections. | |
64 | ||
65 | X applications can use `extended segments' to encode characters in | |
66 | compound text that belong to character sets which are not part of the | |
67 | list of approved standard encodings for X, e.g. Big5. To paste | |
68 | selections with such characters into Emacs, use the new coding system | |
69 | compound-text-with-extensions as the value of selection-coding-system. | |
70 | ||
71 | ** The default values of `tooltip-delay' and `tooltip-hide-delay' | |
72 | were changed. | |
73 | ||
74 | ** On terminals whose erase-char is ^H (Backspace), Emacs | |
75 | now uses normal-erase-is-backspace-mode. | |
76 | ||
77 | ** When the *scratch* buffer is recreated, its mode is set from | |
78 | initial-major-mode, which normally is lisp-interaction-mode, | |
79 | instead of using default-major-mode. | |
80 | ||
81 | ** The new option `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' causes Info to behave | |
82 | like the stand-alone Info reader (from the GNU Texinfo package) as far | |
83 | as motion between nodes and their subnodes is concerned. If it is t | |
84 | (the default), Emacs behaves as before when you type SPC in a menu: it | |
85 | visits the subnode pointed to by the first menu entry. If this option | |
86 | is nil, SPC scrolls to the end of the current node, and only then goes | |
87 | to the first menu item, like the stand-alone reader does. | |
88 | ||
89 | This change was already in Emacs 21.1, but wasn't advertised in the | |
90 | NEWS. | |
91 | ||
92 | \f | |
93 | * Lisp Changes in Emacs 21.2 | |
94 | ||
95 | ** The meanings of scroll-up-aggressively and scroll-down-aggressively | |
96 | have been interchanged, so that the former now controls scrolling up, | |
97 | and the latter now controls scrolling down. | |
98 | ||
99 | ** The variable `compilation-parse-errors-filename-function' can | |
100 | be used to transform filenames found in compilation output. | |
101 | ||
102 | ||
103 | \f | |
104 | * Installation Changes in Emacs 21.1 | |
105 | ||
106 | See the INSTALL file for information on installing extra libraries and | |
107 | fonts to take advantage of the new graphical features and extra | |
108 | charsets in this release. | |
109 | ||
110 | ** Support for GNU/Linux on IA64 machines has been added. | |
111 | ||
112 | ** Support for LynxOS has been added. | |
113 | ||
114 | ** There are new configure options associated with the support for | |
115 | images and toolkit scrollbars. Use the --help option in `configure' | |
116 | to list them. | |
117 | ||
118 | ** You can build a 64-bit Emacs for SPARC/Solaris systems which | |
119 | support 64-bit executables and also on Irix 6.5. This increases the | |
120 | maximum buffer size. See etc/MACHINES for instructions. Changes to | |
121 | build on other 64-bit systems should be straightforward modulo any | |
122 | necessary changes to unexec. | |
123 | ||
124 | ** There is a new configure option `--disable-largefile' to omit | |
125 | Unix-98-style support for large files if that is available. | |
126 | ||
127 | ** There is a new configure option `--without-xim' that instructs | |
128 | Emacs to not use X Input Methods (XIM), if these are available. | |
129 | ||
130 | ** `movemail' defaults to supporting POP. You can turn this off using | |
131 | the --without-pop configure option, should that be necessary. | |
132 | ||
133 | ** This version can be built for the Macintosh, but does not implement | |
134 | all of the new display features described below. The port currently | |
135 | lacks unexec, asynchronous processes, and networking support. See the | |
136 | "Emacs and the Mac OS" appendix in the Emacs manual, for the | |
137 | description of aspects specific to the Mac. | |
138 | ||
139 | ** Note that the MS-Windows port does not yet implement various of the | |
140 | new display features described below. | |
141 | ||
142 | \f | |
143 | * Changes in Emacs 21.1 | |
144 | ||
145 | ** Emacs has a new redisplay engine. | |
146 | ||
147 | The new redisplay handles characters of variable width and height. | |
148 | Italic text can be used without redisplay problems. Fonts containing | |
149 | oversized characters, i.e. characters larger than the logical height | |
150 | of a font can be used. Images of various formats can be displayed in | |
151 | the text. | |
152 | ||
153 | ** Emacs has a new face implementation. | |
154 | ||
155 | The new faces no longer fundamentally use X font names to specify the | |
156 | font. Instead, each face has several independent attributes--family, | |
157 | height, width, weight and slant--that it may or may not specify. | |
158 | These attributes can be merged from various faces, and then together | |
159 | specify a font. | |
160 | ||
161 | Faces are supported on terminals that can display color or fonts. | |
162 | These terminal capabilities are auto-detected. Details can be found | |
163 | under Lisp changes, below. | |
164 | ||
165 | ** Emacs can display faces on TTY frames. | |
166 | ||
167 | Emacs automatically detects terminals that are able to display colors. | |
168 | Faces with a weight greater than normal are displayed extra-bright, if | |
169 | the terminal supports it. Faces with a weight less than normal and | |
170 | italic faces are displayed dimmed, if the terminal supports it. | |
171 | Underlined faces are displayed underlined if possible. Other face | |
172 | attributes such as `overline', `strike-through', and `box' are ignored | |
173 | on terminals. | |
174 | ||
175 | The command-line options `-fg COLOR', `-bg COLOR', and `-rv' are now | |
176 | supported on character terminals. | |
177 | ||
178 | Emacs automatically remaps all X-style color specifications to one of | |
179 | the colors supported by the terminal. This means you could have the | |
180 | same color customizations that work both on a windowed display and on | |
181 | a TTY or when Emacs is invoked with the -nw option. | |
182 | ||
183 | ** New default font is Courier 12pt under X. | |
184 | ||
185 | ** Sound support | |
186 | ||
187 | Emacs supports playing sound files on GNU/Linux and FreeBSD (Voxware | |
188 | driver and native BSD driver, a.k.a. Luigi's driver). Currently | |
189 | supported file formats are RIFF-WAVE (*.wav) and Sun Audio (*.au). | |
190 | You must configure Emacs with the option `--with-sound=yes' to enable | |
191 | sound support. | |
192 | ||
193 | ** Emacs now resizes mini-windows if appropriate. | |
194 | ||
195 | If a message is longer than one line, or minibuffer contents are | |
196 | longer than one line, Emacs can resize the minibuffer window unless it | |
197 | is on a frame of its own. You can control resizing and the maximum | |
198 | minibuffer window size by setting the following variables: | |
199 | ||
200 | - User option: max-mini-window-height | |
201 | ||
202 | Maximum height for resizing mini-windows. If a float, it specifies a | |
203 | fraction of the mini-window frame's height. If an integer, it | |
204 | specifies a number of lines. | |
205 | ||
206 | Default is 0.25. | |
207 | ||
208 | - User option: resize-mini-windows | |
209 | ||
210 | How to resize mini-windows. If nil, don't resize. If t, always | |
211 | resize to fit the size of the text. If `grow-only', let mini-windows | |
212 | grow only, until they become empty, at which point they are shrunk | |
213 | again. | |
214 | ||
215 | Default is `grow-only'. | |
216 | ||
217 | ** LessTif support. | |
218 | ||
219 | Emacs now runs with the LessTif toolkit (see | |
220 | <http://www.lesstif.org>). You will need version 0.92.26, or later. | |
221 | ||
222 | ** LessTif/Motif file selection dialog. | |
223 | ||
224 | When Emacs is configured to use LessTif or Motif, reading a file name | |
225 | from a menu will pop up a file selection dialog if `use-dialog-box' is | |
226 | non-nil. | |
227 | ||
228 | ** File selection dialog on MS-Windows is supported. | |
229 | ||
230 | When a file is visited by clicking File->Open, the MS-Windows version | |
231 | now pops up a standard file selection dialog where you can select a | |
232 | file to visit. File->Save As also pops up that dialog. | |
233 | ||
234 | ** Toolkit scroll bars. | |
235 | ||
236 | Emacs now uses toolkit scroll bars if available. When configured for | |
237 | LessTif/Motif, it will use that toolkit's scroll bar. Otherwise, when | |
238 | configured for Lucid and Athena widgets, it will use the Xaw3d scroll | |
239 | bar if Xaw3d is available. You can turn off the use of toolkit scroll | |
240 | bars by specifying `--with-toolkit-scroll-bars=no' when configuring | |
241 | Emacs. | |
242 | ||
243 | When you encounter problems with the Xaw3d scroll bar, watch out how | |
244 | Xaw3d is compiled on your system. If the Makefile generated from | |
245 | Xaw3d's Imakefile contains a `-DNARROWPROTO' compiler option, and your | |
246 | Emacs system configuration file `s/your-system.h' does not contain a | |
247 | define for NARROWPROTO, you might consider adding it. Take | |
248 | `s/freebsd.h' as an example. | |
249 | ||
250 | Alternatively, if you don't have access to the Xaw3d source code, take | |
251 | a look at your system's imake configuration file, for example in the | |
252 | directory `/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/config' (paths are different on | |
253 | different systems). You will find files `*.cf' there. If your | |
254 | system's cf-file contains a line like `#define NeedWidePrototypes NO', | |
255 | add a `#define NARROWPROTO' to your Emacs system configuration file. | |
256 | ||
257 | The reason for this is that one Xaw3d function uses `double' or | |
258 | `float' function parameters depending on the setting of NARROWPROTO. | |
259 | This is not a problem when Imakefiles are used because each system's | |
260 | imake configuration file contains the necessary information. Since | |
261 | Emacs doesn't use imake, this has do be done manually. | |
262 | ||
263 | ** Tool bar support. | |
264 | ||
265 | Emacs supports a tool bar at the top of a frame under X. For details | |
266 | of how to define a tool bar, see the page describing Lisp-level | |
267 | changes. Tool-bar global minor mode controls whether or not it is | |
268 | displayed and is on by default. The appearance of the bar is improved | |
269 | if Emacs has been built with XPM image support. Otherwise monochrome | |
270 | icons will be used. | |
271 | ||
272 | To make the tool bar more useful, we need contributions of extra icons | |
273 | for specific modes (with copyright assignments). | |
274 | ||
275 | ** Tooltips. | |
276 | ||
277 | Tooltips are small X windows displaying a help string at the current | |
278 | mouse position. The Lisp package `tooltip' implements them. You can | |
279 | turn them off via the user option `tooltip-mode'. | |
280 | ||
281 | Tooltips also provides support for GUD debugging. If activated, | |
282 | variable values can be displayed in tooltips by pointing at them with | |
283 | the mouse in source buffers. You can customize various aspects of the | |
284 | tooltip display in the group `tooltip'. | |
285 | ||
286 | ** Automatic Hscrolling | |
287 | ||
288 | Horizontal scrolling now happens automatically if | |
289 | `automatic-hscrolling' is set (the default). This setting can be | |
290 | customized. | |
291 | ||
292 | If a window is scrolled horizontally with set-window-hscroll, or | |
293 | scroll-left/scroll-right (C-x <, C-x >), this serves as a lower bound | |
294 | for automatic horizontal scrolling. Automatic scrolling will scroll | |
295 | the text more to the left if necessary, but won't scroll the text more | |
296 | to the right than the column set with set-window-hscroll etc. | |
297 | ||
298 | ** When using a windowing terminal, each Emacs window now has a cursor | |
299 | of its own. By default, when a window is selected, the cursor is | |
300 | solid; otherwise, it is hollow. The user-option | |
301 | `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' controls how to display the | |
302 | cursor in non-selected windows. If nil, no cursor is shown, if | |
303 | non-nil a hollow box cursor is shown. | |
304 | ||
305 | ** Fringes to the left and right of windows are used to display | |
306 | truncation marks, continuation marks, overlay arrows and alike. The | |
307 | foreground, background, and stipple of these areas can be changed by | |
308 | customizing face `fringe'. | |
309 | ||
310 | ** The mode line under X is now drawn with shadows by default. | |
311 | You can change its appearance by modifying the face `mode-line'. | |
312 | In particular, setting the `:box' attribute to nil turns off the 3D | |
313 | appearance of the mode line. (The 3D appearance makes the mode line | |
314 | occupy more space, and thus might cause the first or the last line of | |
315 | the window to be partially obscured.) | |
316 | ||
317 | The variable `mode-line-inverse-video', which was used in older | |
318 | versions of emacs to make the mode-line stand out, is now deprecated. | |
319 | However, setting it to nil will cause the `mode-line' face to be | |
320 | ignored, and mode-lines to be drawn using the default text face. | |
321 | ||
322 | ** Mouse-sensitive mode line. | |
323 | ||
324 | Different parts of the mode line have been made mouse-sensitive on all | |
325 | systems which support the mouse. Moving the mouse to a | |
326 | mouse-sensitive part in the mode line changes the appearance of the | |
327 | mouse pointer to an arrow, and help about available mouse actions is | |
328 | displayed either in the echo area, or in the tooltip window if you | |
329 | have enabled one. | |
330 | ||
331 | Currently, the following actions have been defined: | |
332 | ||
333 | - Mouse-1 on the buffer name in the mode line goes to the next buffer. | |
334 | ||
335 | - Mouse-3 on the buffer-name goes to the previous buffer. | |
336 | ||
337 | - Mouse-2 on the read-only or modified status in the mode line (`%' or | |
338 | `*') toggles the status. | |
339 | ||
340 | - Mouse-3 on the major mode name displays a major mode menu. | |
341 | ||
342 | - Mouse-3 on the mode name displays a minor-mode menu. | |
343 | ||
344 | ** Hourglass pointer | |
345 | ||
346 | Emacs can optionally display an hourglass pointer under X. You can | |
347 | turn the display on or off by customizing group `cursor'. | |
348 | ||
349 | ** Blinking cursor | |
350 | ||
351 | M-x blink-cursor-mode toggles a blinking cursor under X and on | |
352 | terminals having terminal capabilities `vi', `vs', and `ve'. Blinking | |
353 | and related parameters like frequency and delay can be customized in | |
354 | the group `cursor'. | |
355 | ||
356 | ** New font-lock support mode `jit-lock-mode'. | |
357 | ||
358 | This support mode is roughly equivalent to `lazy-lock' but is | |
359 | generally faster. It supports stealth and deferred fontification. | |
360 | See the documentation of the function `jit-lock-mode' for more | |
361 | details. | |
362 | ||
363 | Font-lock uses jit-lock-mode as default support mode, so you don't | |
364 | have to do anything to activate it. | |
365 | ||
366 | ** The default binding of the Delete key has changed. | |
367 | ||
368 | The new user-option `normal-erase-is-backspace' can be set to | |
369 | determine the effect of the Delete and Backspace function keys. | |
370 | ||
371 | On window systems, the default value of this option is chosen | |
372 | according to the keyboard used. If the keyboard has both a Backspace | |
373 | key and a Delete key, and both are mapped to their usual meanings, the | |
374 | option's default value is set to t, so that Backspace can be used to | |
375 | delete backward, and Delete can be used to delete forward. On | |
376 | keyboards which either have only one key (usually labeled DEL), or two | |
377 | keys DEL and BS which produce the same effect, the option's value is | |
378 | set to nil, and these keys delete backward. | |
379 | ||
380 | If not running under a window system, setting this option accomplishes | |
381 | a similar effect by mapping C-h, which is usually generated by the | |
382 | Backspace key, to DEL, and by mapping DEL to C-d via | |
383 | `keyboard-translate'. The former functionality of C-h is available on | |
384 | the F1 key. You should probably not use this setting on a text-only | |
385 | terminal if you don't have both Backspace, Delete and F1 keys. | |
386 | ||
387 | Programmatically, you can call function normal-erase-is-backspace-mode | |
388 | to toggle the behavior of the Delete and Backspace keys. | |
389 | ||
390 | ** The default for user-option `next-line-add-newlines' has been | |
391 | changed to nil, i.e. C-n will no longer add newlines at the end of a | |
392 | buffer by default. | |
393 | ||
394 | ** The <home> and <end> keys now move to the beginning or end of the | |
395 | current line, respectively. C-<home> and C-<end> move to the | |
396 | beginning and end of the buffer. | |
397 | ||
398 | ** Emacs now checks for recursive loads of Lisp files. If the | |
399 | recursion depth exceeds `recursive-load-depth-limit', an error is | |
400 | signaled. | |
401 | ||
402 | ** When an error is signaled during the loading of the user's init | |
403 | file, Emacs now pops up the *Messages* buffer. | |
404 | ||
405 | ** Emacs now refuses to load compiled Lisp files which weren't | |
406 | compiled with Emacs. Set `load-dangerous-libraries' to t to change | |
407 | this behavior. | |
408 | ||
409 | The reason for this change is an incompatible change in XEmacs's byte | |
410 | compiler. Files compiled with XEmacs can contain byte codes that let | |
411 | Emacs dump core. | |
412 | ||
413 | ** Toggle buttons and radio buttons in menus. | |
414 | ||
415 | When compiled with LessTif (or Motif) support, Emacs uses toolkit | |
416 | widgets for radio and toggle buttons in menus. When configured for | |
417 | Lucid, Emacs draws radio buttons and toggle buttons similar to Motif. | |
418 | ||
419 | ** The menu bar configuration has changed. The new configuration is | |
420 | more CUA-compliant. The most significant change is that Options is | |
421 | now a separate menu-bar item, with Mule and Customize as its submenus. | |
422 | ||
423 | ** Item Save Options on the Options menu allows saving options set | |
424 | using that menu. | |
425 | ||
426 | ** Highlighting of trailing whitespace. | |
427 | ||
428 | When `show-trailing-whitespace' is non-nil, Emacs displays trailing | |
429 | whitespace in the face `trailing-whitespace'. Trailing whitespace is | |
430 | defined as spaces or tabs at the end of a line. To avoid busy | |
431 | highlighting when entering new text, trailing whitespace is not | |
432 | displayed if point is at the end of the line containing the | |
433 | whitespace. | |
434 | ||
435 | ** C-x 5 1 runs the new command delete-other-frames which deletes | |
436 | all frames except the selected one. | |
437 | ||
438 | ** The new user-option `confirm-kill-emacs' can be customized to | |
439 | let Emacs ask for confirmation before exiting. | |
440 | ||
441 | ** The header line in an Info buffer is now displayed as an emacs | |
442 | header-line (which is like a mode-line, but at the top of the window), | |
443 | so that it remains visible even when the buffer has been scrolled. | |
444 | This behavior may be disabled by customizing the option | |
445 | `Info-use-header-line'. | |
446 | ||
447 | ** Polish, Czech, German, and French translations of Emacs' reference card | |
448 | have been added. They are named `pl-refcard.tex', `cs-refcard.tex', | |
7877f373 | 449 | `de-refcard.tex' and `fr-refcard.tex'. PostScript files are included. |
9a21d88b KS |
450 | |
451 | ** An `Emacs Survival Guide', etc/survival.tex, is available. | |
452 | ||
453 | ** A reference card for Dired has been added. Its name is | |
454 | `dired-ref.tex'. A French translation is available in | |
455 | `fr-drdref.tex'. | |
456 | ||
457 | ** C-down-mouse-3 is bound differently. Now if the menu bar is not | |
458 | displayed it pops up a menu containing the items which would be on the | |
459 | menu bar. If the menu bar is displayed, it pops up the major mode | |
460 | menu or the Edit menu if there is no major mode menu. | |
461 | ||
462 | ** Variable `load-path' is no longer customizable through Customize. | |
463 | ||
464 | You can no longer use `M-x customize-variable' to customize `load-path' | |
465 | because it now contains a version-dependent component. You can still | |
466 | use `add-to-list' and `setq' to customize this variable in your | |
467 | `~/.emacs' init file or to modify it from any Lisp program in general. | |
468 | ||
469 | ** C-u C-x = provides detailed information about the character at | |
470 | point in a pop-up window. | |
471 | ||
472 | ** Emacs can now support 'wheeled' mice (such as the MS IntelliMouse) | |
473 | under XFree86. To enable this, use the `mouse-wheel-mode' command, or | |
474 | customize the variable `mouse-wheel-mode'. | |
475 | ||
476 | The variables `mouse-wheel-follow-mouse' and `mouse-wheel-scroll-amount' | |
477 | determine where and by how much buffers are scrolled. | |
478 | ||
479 | ** Emacs' auto-save list files are now by default stored in a | |
480 | sub-directory `.emacs.d/auto-save-list/' of the user's home directory. | |
481 | (On MS-DOS, this subdirectory's name is `_emacs.d/auto-save.list/'.) | |
482 | You can customize `auto-save-list-file-prefix' to change this location. | |
483 | ||
484 | ** The function `getenv' is now callable interactively. | |
485 | ||
486 | ** The new user-option `even-window-heights' can be set to nil | |
487 | to prevent `display-buffer' from evening out window heights. | |
488 | ||
489 | ** The new command M-x delete-trailing-whitespace RET will delete the | |
490 | trailing whitespace within the current restriction. You can also add | |
491 | this function to `write-file-hooks' or `local-write-file-hooks'. | |
492 | ||
493 | ** When visiting a file with M-x find-file-literally, no newlines will | |
494 | be added to the end of the buffer even if `require-final-newline' is | |
495 | non-nil. | |
496 | ||
497 | ** The new user-option `find-file-suppress-same-file-warnings' can be | |
498 | set to suppress warnings ``X and Y are the same file'' when visiting a | |
499 | file that is already visited under a different name. | |
500 | ||
501 | ** The new user-option `electric-help-shrink-window' can be set to | |
502 | nil to prevent adjusting the help window size to the buffer size. | |
503 | ||
504 | ** New command M-x describe-character-set reads a character set name | |
505 | and displays information about that. | |
506 | ||
507 | ** The new variable `auto-mode-interpreter-regexp' contains a regular | |
508 | expression matching interpreters, for file mode determination. | |
509 | ||
510 | This regular expression is matched against the first line of a file to | |
511 | determine the file's mode in `set-auto-mode' when Emacs can't deduce a | |
512 | mode from the file's name. If it matches, the file is assumed to be | |
513 | interpreted by the interpreter matched by the second group of the | |
514 | regular expression. The mode is then determined as the mode | |
515 | associated with that interpreter in `interpreter-mode-alist'. | |
516 | ||
517 | ** New function executable-make-buffer-file-executable-if-script-p is | |
518 | suitable as an after-save-hook as an alternative to `executable-chmod'. | |
519 | ||
520 | ** The most preferred coding-system is now used to save a buffer if | |
521 | buffer-file-coding-system is `undecided' and it is safe for the buffer | |
522 | contents. (The most preferred is set by set-language-environment or | |
523 | by M-x prefer-coding-system.) Thus if you visit an ASCII file and | |
524 | insert a non-ASCII character from your current language environment, | |
525 | the file will be saved silently with the appropriate coding. | |
526 | Previously you would be prompted for a safe coding system. | |
527 | ||
528 | ** The many obsolete language `setup-...-environment' commands have | |
529 | been removed -- use `set-language-environment'. | |
530 | ||
531 | ** The new Custom option `keyboard-coding-system' specifies a coding | |
532 | system for keyboard input. | |
533 | ||
534 | ** New variable `inhibit-iso-escape-detection' determines if Emacs' | |
535 | coding system detection algorithm should pay attention to ISO2022's | |
536 | escape sequences. If this variable is non-nil, the algorithm ignores | |
537 | such escape sequences. The default value is nil, and it is | |
538 | recommended not to change it except for the special case that you | |
539 | always want to read any escape code verbatim. If you just want to | |
540 | read a specific file without decoding escape codes, use C-x RET c | |
541 | (`universal-coding-system-argument'). For instance, C-x RET c latin-1 | |
542 | RET C-x C-f filename RET. | |
543 | ||
544 | ** Variable `default-korean-keyboard' is initialized properly from the | |
545 | environment variable `HANGUL_KEYBOARD_TYPE'. | |
546 | ||
547 | ** New command M-x list-charset-chars reads a character set name and | |
548 | displays all characters in that character set. | |
549 | ||
550 | ** M-x set-terminal-coding-system (C-x RET t) now allows CCL-based | |
551 | coding systems such as cpXXX and cyrillic-koi8. | |
552 | ||
553 | ** Emacs now attempts to determine the initial language environment | |
554 | and preferred and locale coding systems systematically from the | |
555 | LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, and LANG environment variables during startup. | |
556 | ||
557 | ** New language environments `Polish', `Latin-8' and `Latin-9'. | |
558 | Latin-8 and Latin-9 correspond respectively to the ISO character sets | |
559 | 8859-14 (Celtic) and 8859-15 (updated Latin-1, with the Euro sign). | |
560 | GNU Intlfonts doesn't support these yet but recent X releases have | |
561 | 8859-15. See etc/INSTALL for information on obtaining extra fonts. | |
562 | There are new Leim input methods for Latin-8 and Latin-9 prefix (only) | |
563 | and Polish `slash'. | |
564 | ||
565 | ** New language environments `Dutch' and `Spanish'. | |
566 | These new environments mainly select appropriate translations | |
567 | of the tutorial. | |
568 | ||
569 | ** In Ethiopic language environment, special key bindings for | |
570 | function keys are changed as follows. This is to conform to "Emacs | |
571 | Lisp Coding Convention". | |
572 | ||
573 | new command old-binding | |
574 | --- ------- ----------- | |
575 | f3 ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer f5 | |
576 | S-f3 ethio-fidel-to-sera-region f5 | |
577 | C-f3 ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker f5 | |
578 | ||
579 | f4 ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer unchanged | |
580 | S-f4 ethio-sera-to-fidel-region unchanged | |
581 | C-f4 ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker unchanged | |
582 | ||
583 | S-f5 ethio-toggle-punctuation f3 | |
584 | S-f6 ethio-modify-vowel f6 | |
585 | S-f7 ethio-replace-space f7 | |
586 | S-f8 ethio-input-special-character f8 | |
587 | S-f9 ethio-replace-space unchanged | |
588 | C-f9 ethio-toggle-space f2 | |
589 | ||
590 | ** There are new Leim input methods. | |
591 | New input methods "turkish-postfix", "turkish-alt-postfix", | |
592 | "greek-mizuochi", "TeX", and "greek-babel" are now part of the Leim | |
593 | package. | |
594 | ||
595 | ** The rule of input method "slovak" is slightly changed. Now the | |
596 | rules for translating "q" and "Q" to "`" (backquote) are deleted, thus | |
597 | typing them inserts "q" and "Q" respectively. Rules for translating | |
598 | "=q", "+q", "=Q", and "+Q" to "`" are also deleted. Now, to input | |
599 | "`", you must type "=q". | |
600 | ||
601 | ** When your terminal can't display characters from some of the ISO | |
602 | 8859 character sets but can display Latin-1, you can display | |
603 | more-or-less mnemonic sequences of ASCII/Latin-1 characters instead of | |
604 | empty boxes (under a window system) or question marks (not under a | |
605 | window system). Customize the option `latin1-display' to turn this | |
606 | on. | |
607 | ||
608 | ** M-; now calls comment-dwim which tries to do something clever based | |
609 | on the context. M-x kill-comment is now an alias to comment-kill, | |
610 | defined in newcomment.el. You can choose different styles of region | |
611 | commenting with the variable `comment-style'. | |
612 | ||
613 | ** New user options `display-time-mail-face' and | |
614 | `display-time-use-mail-icon' control the appearance of mode-line mail | |
615 | indicator used by the display-time package. On a suitable display the | |
616 | indicator can be an icon and is mouse-sensitive. | |
617 | ||
618 | ** On window-systems, additional space can be put between text lines | |
619 | on the display using several methods | |
620 | ||
621 | - By setting frame parameter `line-spacing' to PIXELS. PIXELS must be | |
622 | a positive integer, and specifies that PIXELS number of pixels should | |
623 | be put below text lines on the affected frame or frames. | |
624 | ||
625 | - By setting X resource `lineSpacing', class `LineSpacing'. This is | |
626 | equivalent to specifying the frame parameter. | |
627 | ||
628 | - By specifying `--line-spacing=N' or `-lsp N' on the command line. | |
629 | ||
630 | - By setting buffer-local variable `line-spacing'. The meaning is | |
631 | the same, but applies to the a particular buffer only. | |
632 | ||
633 | ** The new command `clone-indirect-buffer' can be used to create | |
634 | an indirect buffer that is a twin copy of the current buffer. The | |
635 | command `clone-indirect-buffer-other-window', bound to C-x 4 c, | |
636 | does the same but displays the indirect buffer in another window. | |
637 | ||
638 | ** New user options `backup-directory-alist' and | |
639 | `make-backup-file-name-function' control the placement of backups, | |
640 | typically in a single directory or in an invisible sub-directory. | |
641 | ||
642 | ** New commands iso-iso2sgml and iso-sgml2iso convert between Latin-1 | |
643 | characters and the corresponding SGML (HTML) entities. | |
644 | ||
645 | ** New X resources recognized | |
646 | ||
647 | *** The X resource `synchronous', class `Synchronous', specifies | |
648 | whether Emacs should run in synchronous mode. Synchronous mode | |
649 | is useful for debugging X problems. | |
650 | ||
651 | Example: | |
652 | ||
653 | emacs.synchronous: true | |
654 | ||
655 | *** The X resource `visualClass, class `VisualClass', specifies the | |
656 | visual Emacs should use. The resource's value should be a string of | |
657 | the form `CLASS-DEPTH', where CLASS is the name of the visual class, | |
658 | and DEPTH is the requested color depth as a decimal number. Valid | |
659 | visual class names are | |
660 | ||
661 | TrueColor | |
662 | PseudoColor | |
663 | DirectColor | |
664 | StaticColor | |
665 | GrayScale | |
666 | StaticGray | |
667 | ||
668 | Visual class names specified as X resource are case-insensitive, i.e. | |
669 | `pseudocolor', `Pseudocolor' and `PseudoColor' all have the same | |
670 | meaning. | |
671 | ||
672 | The program `xdpyinfo' can be used to list the visual classes | |
673 | supported on your display, and which depths they have. If | |
674 | `visualClass' is not specified, Emacs uses the display's default | |
675 | visual. | |
676 | ||
677 | Example: | |
678 | ||
679 | emacs.visualClass: TrueColor-8 | |
680 | ||
681 | *** The X resource `privateColormap', class `PrivateColormap', | |
682 | specifies that Emacs should use a private colormap if it is using the | |
683 | default visual, and that visual is of class PseudoColor. Recognized | |
684 | resource values are `true' or `on'. | |
685 | ||
686 | Example: | |
687 | ||
688 | emacs.privateColormap: true | |
689 | ||
690 | ** Faces and frame parameters. | |
691 | ||
692 | There are four new faces `scroll-bar', `border', `cursor' and `mouse'. | |
693 | Setting the frame parameters `scroll-bar-foreground' and | |
694 | `scroll-bar-background' sets foreground and background color of face | |
695 | `scroll-bar' and vice versa. Setting frame parameter `border-color' | |
696 | sets the background color of face `border' and vice versa. Likewise | |
697 | for frame parameters `cursor-color' and face `cursor', and frame | |
698 | parameter `mouse-color' and face `mouse'. | |
699 | ||
700 | Changing frame parameter `font' sets font-related attributes of the | |
701 | `default' face and vice versa. Setting frame parameters | |
702 | `foreground-color' or `background-color' sets the colors of the | |
703 | `default' face and vice versa. | |
704 | ||
705 | ** New face `menu'. | |
706 | ||
707 | The face `menu' can be used to change colors and font of Emacs' menus. | |
708 | ||
709 | ** New frame parameter `screen-gamma' for gamma correction. | |
710 | ||
711 | The new frame parameter `screen-gamma' specifies gamma-correction for | |
712 | colors. Its value may be nil, the default, in which case no gamma | |
713 | correction occurs, or a number > 0, usually a float, that specifies | |
714 | the screen gamma of a frame's display. | |
715 | ||
716 | PC monitors usually have a screen gamma of 2.2. smaller values result | |
717 | in darker colors. You might want to try a screen gamma of 1.5 for LCD | |
718 | color displays. The viewing gamma Emacs uses is 0.4545. (1/2.2). | |
719 | ||
720 | The X resource name of this parameter is `screenGamma', class | |
721 | `ScreenGamma'. | |
722 | ||
723 | ** Tabs and variable-width text. | |
724 | ||
725 | Tabs are now displayed with stretch properties; the width of a tab is | |
726 | defined as a multiple of the normal character width of a frame, and is | |
727 | independent of the fonts used in the text where the tab appears. | |
728 | Thus, tabs can be used to line up text in different fonts. | |
729 | ||
730 | ** Enhancements of the Lucid menu bar | |
731 | ||
732 | *** The Lucid menu bar now supports the resource "margin". | |
733 | ||
734 | emacs.pane.menubar.margin: 5 | |
735 | ||
736 | The default margin is 4 which makes the menu bar appear like the | |
737 | LessTif/Motif one. | |
738 | ||
739 | *** Arrows that indicate sub-menus are now drawn with shadows, as in | |
740 | LessTif and Motif. | |
741 | ||
742 | ** A block cursor can be drawn as wide as the glyph under it under X. | |
743 | ||
744 | As an example: if a block cursor is over a tab character, it will be | |
745 | drawn as wide as that tab on the display. To do this, set | |
746 | `x-stretch-cursor' to a non-nil value. | |
747 | ||
748 | ** Empty display lines at the end of a buffer may be marked with a | |
749 | bitmap (this is similar to the tilde displayed by vi and Less). | |
750 | ||
751 | This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable | |
752 | `indicate-empty-lines' to a non-nil value. The default value of this | |
753 | variable is found in `default-indicate-empty-lines'. | |
754 | ||
755 | ** There is a new "aggressive" scrolling method. | |
756 | ||
757 | When scrolling up because point is above the window start, if the | |
758 | value of the buffer-local variable `scroll-up-aggressively' is a | |
759 | number, Emacs chooses a new window start so that point ends up that | |
760 | fraction of the window's height from the top of the window. | |
761 | ||
762 | When scrolling down because point is below the window end, if the | |
763 | value of the buffer-local variable `scroll-down-aggressively' is a | |
764 | number, Emacs chooses a new window start so that point ends up that | |
765 | fraction of the window's height from the bottom of the window. | |
766 | ||
767 | ** You can now easily create new *Info* buffers using either | |
768 | M-x clone-buffer, C-u m <entry> RET or C-u g <entry> RET. | |
769 | M-x clone-buffer can also be used on *Help* and several other special | |
770 | buffers. | |
771 | ||
772 | ** The command `Info-search' now uses a search history. | |
773 | ||
774 | ** Listing buffers with M-x list-buffers (C-x C-b) now shows | |
775 | abbreviated file names. Abbreviations can be customized by changing | |
776 | `directory-abbrev-alist'. | |
777 | ||
778 | ** A new variable, backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch, gives | |
779 | the highest file uid for which backup-by-copying-when-mismatch will be | |
780 | forced on. The assumption is that uids less than or equal to this | |
781 | value are special uids (root, bin, daemon, etc.--not real system | |
782 | users) and that files owned by these users should not change ownership, | |
783 | even if your system policy allows users other than root to edit them. | |
784 | ||
785 | The default is 200; set the variable to nil to disable the feature. | |
786 | ||
787 | ** The rectangle commands now avoid inserting undesirable spaces, | |
788 | notably at the end of lines. | |
789 | ||
790 | All these functions have been rewritten to avoid inserting unwanted | |
791 | spaces, and an optional prefix now allows them to behave the old way. | |
792 | ||
793 | ** The function `replace-rectangle' is an alias for `string-rectangle'. | |
794 | ||
795 | ** The new command M-x string-insert-rectangle is like `string-rectangle', | |
796 | but inserts text instead of replacing it. | |
797 | ||
798 | ** The new command M-x query-replace-regexp-eval acts like | |
799 | query-replace-regexp, but takes a Lisp expression which is evaluated | |
800 | after each match to get the replacement text. | |
801 | ||
802 | ** M-x query-replace recognizes a new command `e' (or `E') that lets | |
803 | you edit the replacement string. | |
804 | ||
805 | ** The new command mail-abbrev-complete-alias, bound to `M-TAB' | |
806 | (if you load the library `mailabbrev'), lets you complete mail aliases | |
807 | in the text, analogous to lisp-complete-symbol. | |
808 | ||
809 | ** The variable `echo-keystrokes' may now have a floating point value. | |
810 | ||
811 | ** If your init file is compiled (.emacs.elc), `user-init-file' is set | |
812 | to the source name (.emacs.el), if that exists, after loading it. | |
813 | ||
814 | ** The help string specified for a menu-item whose definition contains | |
815 | the property `:help HELP' is now displayed under X, on MS-Windows, and | |
816 | MS-DOS, either in the echo area or with tooltips. Many standard menus | |
817 | displayed by Emacs now have help strings. | |
818 | ||
819 | -- | |
820 | ** New user option `read-mail-command' specifies a command to use to | |
821 | read mail from the menu etc. | |
822 | ||
823 | ** The environment variable `EMACSLOCKDIR' is no longer used on MS-Windows. | |
824 | This environment variable was used when creating lock files. Emacs on | |
825 | MS-Windows does not use this variable anymore. This change was made | |
826 | before Emacs 21.1, but wasn't documented until now. | |
827 | ||
828 | ** Highlighting of mouse-sensitive regions is now supported in the | |
829 | MS-DOS version of Emacs. | |
830 | ||
831 | ** The new command `msdos-set-mouse-buttons' forces the MS-DOS version | |
832 | of Emacs to behave as if the mouse had a specified number of buttons. | |
833 | This comes handy with mice that don't report their number of buttons | |
834 | correctly. One example is the wheeled mice, which report 3 buttons, | |
835 | but clicks on the middle button are not passed to the MS-DOS version | |
836 | of Emacs. | |
837 | ||
838 | ** Customize changes | |
839 | ||
840 | *** Customize now supports comments about customized items. Use the | |
841 | `State' menu to add comments, or give a prefix argument to | |
842 | M-x customize-set-variable or M-x customize-set-value. Note that | |
843 | customization comments will cause the customizations to fail in | |
844 | earlier versions of Emacs. | |
845 | ||
846 | *** The new option `custom-buffer-done-function' says whether to kill | |
847 | Custom buffers when you've done with them or just bury them (the | |
848 | default). | |
849 | ||
850 | *** If Emacs was invoked with the `-q' or `--no-init-file' options, it | |
851 | does not allow you to save customizations in your `~/.emacs' init | |
852 | file. This is because saving customizations from such a session would | |
da6062e6 | 853 | wipe out all the other customizations you might have on your init |
9a21d88b KS |
854 | file. |
855 | ||
856 | ** If Emacs was invoked with the `-q' or `--no-init-file' options, it | |
857 | does not save disabled and enabled commands for future sessions, to | |
858 | avoid overwriting existing customizations of this kind that are | |
859 | already in your init file. | |
860 | ||
861 | ** New features in evaluation commands | |
862 | ||
863 | *** The commands to evaluate Lisp expressions, such as C-M-x in Lisp | |
864 | modes, C-j in Lisp Interaction mode, and M-:, now bind the variables | |
865 | print-level, print-length, and debug-on-error based on the new | |
866 | customizable variables eval-expression-print-level, | |
867 | eval-expression-print-length, and eval-expression-debug-on-error. | |
868 | ||
869 | The default values for the first two of these variables are 12 and 4 | |
870 | respectively, which means that `eval-expression' now prints at most | |
871 | the first 12 members of a list and at most 4 nesting levels deep (if | |
872 | the list is longer or deeper than that, an ellipsis `...' is | |
873 | printed). | |
874 | ||
875 | <RET> or <mouse-2> on the printed text toggles between an abbreviated | |
876 | printed representation and an unabbreviated one. | |
877 | ||
878 | The default value of eval-expression-debug-on-error is t, so any error | |
879 | during evaluation produces a backtrace. | |
880 | ||
881 | *** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) now loads Edebug and instruments | |
882 | code when called with a prefix argument. | |
883 | ||
884 | ** CC mode changes. | |
885 | ||
886 | Note: This release contains changes that might not be compatible with | |
887 | current user setups (although it's believed that these | |
888 | incompatibilities will only show in very uncommon circumstances). | |
889 | However, since the impact is uncertain, these changes may be rolled | |
890 | back depending on user feedback. Therefore there's no forward | |
891 | compatibility guarantee wrt the new features introduced in this | |
892 | release. | |
893 | ||
894 | *** The hardcoded switch to "java" style in Java mode is gone. | |
895 | CC Mode used to automatically set the style to "java" when Java mode | |
896 | is entered. This has now been removed since it caused too much | |
897 | confusion. | |
898 | ||
899 | However, to keep backward compatibility to a certain extent, the | |
900 | default value for c-default-style now specifies the "java" style for | |
901 | java-mode, but "gnu" for all other modes (as before). So you won't | |
902 | notice the change if you haven't touched that variable. | |
903 | ||
904 | *** New cleanups, space-before-funcall and compact-empty-funcall. | |
905 | Two new cleanups have been added to c-cleanup-list: | |
906 | ||
907 | space-before-funcall causes a space to be inserted before the opening | |
908 | parenthesis of a function call, which gives the style "foo (bar)". | |
909 | ||
910 | compact-empty-funcall causes any space before a function call opening | |
911 | parenthesis to be removed if there are no arguments to the function. | |
912 | It's typically useful together with space-before-funcall to get the | |
913 | style "foo (bar)" and "foo()". | |
914 | ||
915 | *** Some keywords now automatically trigger reindentation. | |
916 | Keywords like "else", "while", "catch" and "finally" have been made | |
917 | "electric" to make them reindent automatically when they continue an | |
918 | earlier statement. An example: | |
919 | ||
920 | for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) | |
921 | if (a[i]) | |
922 | res += a[i]->offset; | |
923 | else | |
924 | ||
925 | Here, the "else" should be indented like the preceding "if", since it | |
926 | continues that statement. CC Mode will automatically reindent it after | |
927 | the "else" has been typed in full, since it's not until then it's | |
928 | possible to decide whether it's a new statement or a continuation of | |
929 | the preceding "if". | |
930 | ||
931 | CC Mode uses Abbrev mode to achieve this, which is therefore turned on | |
932 | by default. | |
933 | ||
934 | *** M-a and M-e now moves by sentence in multiline strings. | |
935 | Previously these two keys only moved by sentence in comments, which | |
936 | meant that sentence movement didn't work in strings containing | |
937 | documentation or other natural language text. | |
938 | ||
939 | The reason it's only activated in multiline strings (i.e. strings that | |
940 | contain a newline, even when escaped by a '\') is to avoid stopping in | |
941 | the short strings that often reside inside statements. Multiline | |
942 | strings almost always contain text in a natural language, as opposed | |
943 | to other strings that typically contain format specifications, | |
944 | commands, etc. Also, it's not that bothersome that M-a and M-e misses | |
945 | sentences in single line strings, since they're short anyway. | |
946 | ||
947 | *** Support for autodoc comments in Pike mode. | |
948 | Autodoc comments for Pike are used to extract documentation from the | |
949 | source, like Javadoc in Java. Pike mode now recognize this markup in | |
950 | comment prefixes and paragraph starts. | |
951 | ||
952 | *** The comment prefix regexps on c-comment-prefix may be mode specific. | |
953 | When c-comment-prefix is an association list, it specifies the comment | |
954 | line prefix on a per-mode basis, like c-default-style does. This | |
955 | change came about to support the special autodoc comment prefix in | |
956 | Pike mode only. | |
957 | ||
958 | *** Better handling of syntactic errors. | |
959 | The recovery after unbalanced parens earlier in the buffer has been | |
960 | improved; CC Mode now reports them by dinging and giving a message | |
961 | stating the offending line, but still recovers and indent the | |
962 | following lines in a sane way (most of the time). An "else" with no | |
963 | matching "if" is handled similarly. If an error is discovered while | |
964 | indenting a region, the whole region is still indented and the error | |
965 | is reported afterwards. | |
966 | ||
967 | *** Lineup functions may now return absolute columns. | |
968 | A lineup function can give an absolute column to indent the line to by | |
969 | returning a vector with the desired column as the first element. | |
970 | ||
971 | *** More robust and warning-free byte compilation. | |
972 | Although this is strictly not a user visible change (well, depending | |
973 | on the view of a user), it's still worth mentioning that CC Mode now | |
974 | can be compiled in the standard ways without causing trouble. Some | |
975 | code have also been moved between the subpackages to enhance the | |
976 | modularity somewhat. Thanks to Martin Buchholz for doing the | |
977 | groundwork. | |
978 | ||
979 | *** c-style-variables-are-local-p now defaults to t. | |
980 | This is an incompatible change that has been made to make the behavior | |
981 | of the style system wrt global variable settings less confusing for | |
982 | non-advanced users. If you know what this variable does you might | |
983 | want to set it to nil in your .emacs, otherwise you probably don't | |
984 | have to bother. | |
985 | ||
986 | Defaulting c-style-variables-are-local-p to t avoids the confusing | |
987 | situation that occurs when a user sets some style variables globally | |
988 | and edits both a Java and a non-Java file in the same Emacs session. | |
989 | If the style variables aren't buffer local in this case, loading of | |
990 | the second file will cause the default style (either "gnu" or "java" | |
991 | by default) to override the global settings made by the user. | |
992 | ||
993 | *** New initialization procedure for the style system. | |
994 | When the initial style for a buffer is determined by CC Mode (from the | |
995 | variable c-default-style), the global values of style variables now | |
996 | take precedence over the values specified by the chosen style. This | |
997 | is different than the old behavior: previously, the style-specific | |
998 | settings would override the global settings. This change makes it | |
999 | possible to do simple configuration in the intuitive way with | |
1000 | Customize or with setq lines in one's .emacs file. | |
1001 | ||
1002 | By default, the global value of every style variable is the new | |
1003 | special symbol set-from-style, which causes the value to be taken from | |
1004 | the style system. This means that in effect, only an explicit setting | |
1005 | of a style variable will cause the "overriding" behavior described | |
1006 | above. | |
1007 | ||
1008 | Also note that global settings override style-specific settings *only* | |
1009 | when the initial style of a buffer is chosen by a CC Mode major mode | |
1010 | function. When a style is chosen in other ways --- for example, by a | |
1011 | call like (c-set-style "gnu") in a hook, or via M-x c-set-style --- | |
1012 | then the style-specific values take precedence over any global style | |
1013 | values. In Lisp terms, global values override style-specific values | |
1014 | only when the new second argument to c-set-style is non-nil; see the | |
1015 | function documentation for more info. | |
1016 | ||
1017 | The purpose of these changes is to make it easier for users, | |
1018 | especially novice users, to do simple customizations with Customize or | |
1019 | with setq in their .emacs files. On the other hand, the new system is | |
1020 | intended to be compatible with advanced users' customizations as well, | |
1021 | such as those that choose styles in hooks or whatnot. This new system | |
1022 | is believed to be almost entirely compatible with current | |
1023 | configurations, in spite of the changed precedence between style and | |
1024 | global variable settings when a buffer's default style is set. | |
1025 | ||
1026 | (Thanks to Eric Eide for clarifying this explanation a bit.) | |
1027 | ||
1028 | **** c-offsets-alist is now a customizable variable. | |
1029 | This became possible as a result of the new initialization behavior. | |
1030 | ||
1031 | This variable is treated slightly differently from the other style | |
1032 | variables; instead of using the symbol set-from-style, it will be | |
1033 | completed with the syntactic symbols it doesn't already contain when | |
1034 | the style is first initialized. This means it now defaults to the | |
1035 | empty list to make all syntactic elements get their values from the | |
1036 | style system. | |
1037 | ||
1038 | **** Compatibility variable to restore the old behavior. | |
1039 | In case your configuration doesn't work with this change, you can set | |
1040 | c-old-style-variable-behavior to non-nil to get the old behavior back | |
1041 | as far as possible. | |
1042 | ||
1043 | *** Improvements to line breaking and text filling. | |
1044 | CC Mode now handles this more intelligently and seamlessly wrt the | |
1045 | surrounding code, especially inside comments. For details see the new | |
1046 | chapter about this in the manual. | |
1047 | ||
1048 | **** New variable to recognize comment line prefix decorations. | |
1049 | The variable c-comment-prefix-regexp has been added to properly | |
1050 | recognize the line prefix in both block and line comments. It's | |
1051 | primarily used to initialize the various paragraph recognition and | |
1052 | adaptive filling variables that the text handling functions uses. | |
1053 | ||
1054 | **** New variable c-block-comment-prefix. | |
1055 | This is a generalization of the now obsolete variable | |
1056 | c-comment-continuation-stars to handle arbitrary strings. | |
1057 | ||
1058 | **** CC Mode now uses adaptive fill mode. | |
1059 | This to make it adapt better to the paragraph style inside comments. | |
1060 | ||
1061 | It's also possible to use other adaptive filling packages inside CC | |
1062 | Mode, notably Kyle E. Jones' Filladapt mode (http://wonderworks.com/). | |
1063 | A new convenience function c-setup-filladapt sets up Filladapt for use | |
1064 | inside CC Mode. | |
1065 | ||
1066 | Note though that the 2.12 version of Filladapt lacks a feature that | |
1067 | causes it to work suboptimally when c-comment-prefix-regexp can match | |
1068 | the empty string (which it commonly does). A patch for that is | |
1069 | available from the CC Mode web site (http://www.python.org/emacs/ | |
1070 | cc-mode/). | |
1071 | ||
1072 | **** The variables `c-hanging-comment-starter-p' and | |
1073 | `c-hanging-comment-ender-p', which controlled how comment starters and | |
1074 | enders were filled, are not used anymore. The new version of the | |
1075 | function `c-fill-paragraph' keeps the comment starters and enders as | |
1076 | they were before the filling. | |
1077 | ||
1078 | **** It's now possible to selectively turn off auto filling. | |
1079 | The variable c-ignore-auto-fill is used to ignore auto fill mode in | |
1080 | specific contexts, e.g. in preprocessor directives and in string | |
1081 | literals. | |
1082 | ||
1083 | **** New context sensitive line break function c-context-line-break. | |
1084 | It works like newline-and-indent in normal code, and adapts the line | |
1085 | prefix according to the comment style when used inside comments. If | |
1086 | you're normally using newline-and-indent, you might want to switch to | |
1087 | this function. | |
1088 | ||
1089 | *** Fixes to IDL mode. | |
1090 | It now does a better job in recognizing only the constructs relevant | |
1091 | to IDL. E.g. it no longer matches "class" as the beginning of a | |
1092 | struct block, but it does match the CORBA 2.3 "valuetype" keyword. | |
1093 | Thanks to Eric Eide. | |
1094 | ||
1095 | *** Improvements to the Whitesmith style. | |
1096 | It now keeps the style consistently on all levels and both when | |
1097 | opening braces hangs and when they don't. | |
1098 | ||
1099 | **** New lineup function c-lineup-whitesmith-in-block. | |
1100 | ||
1101 | *** New lineup functions c-lineup-template-args and c-indent-multi-line-block. | |
1102 | See their docstrings for details. c-lineup-template-args does a | |
1103 | better job of tracking the brackets used as parens in C++ templates, | |
1104 | and is used by default to line up continued template arguments. | |
1105 | ||
1106 | *** c-lineup-comment now preserves alignment with a comment on the | |
1107 | previous line. It used to instead preserve comments that started in | |
1108 | the column specified by comment-column. | |
1109 | ||
1110 | *** c-lineup-C-comments handles "free form" text comments. | |
1111 | In comments with a long delimiter line at the start, the indentation | |
1112 | is kept unchanged for lines that start with an empty comment line | |
1113 | prefix. This is intended for the type of large block comments that | |
1114 | contain documentation with its own formatting. In these you normally | |
1115 | don't want CC Mode to change the indentation. | |
1116 | ||
1117 | *** The `c' syntactic symbol is now relative to the comment start | |
1118 | instead of the previous line, to make integers usable as lineup | |
1119 | arguments. | |
1120 | ||
1121 | *** All lineup functions have gotten docstrings. | |
1122 | ||
1123 | *** More preprocessor directive movement functions. | |
1124 | c-down-conditional does the reverse of c-up-conditional. | |
1125 | c-up-conditional-with-else and c-down-conditional-with-else are | |
1126 | variants of these that also stops at "#else" lines (suggested by Don | |
1127 | Provan). | |
1128 | ||
1129 | *** Minor improvements to many movement functions in tricky situations. | |
1130 | ||
1131 | ** Dired changes | |
1132 | ||
1133 | *** New variable `dired-recursive-deletes' determines if the delete | |
1134 | command will delete non-empty directories recursively. The default | |
1135 | is, delete only empty directories. | |
1136 | ||
1137 | *** New variable `dired-recursive-copies' determines if the copy | |
1138 | command will copy directories recursively. The default is, do not | |
1139 | copy directories recursively. | |
1140 | ||
1141 | *** In command `dired-do-shell-command' (usually bound to `!') a `?' | |
1142 | in the shell command has a special meaning similar to `*', but with | |
1143 | the difference that the command will be run on each file individually. | |
1144 | ||
1145 | *** The new command `dired-find-alternate-file' (usually bound to `a') | |
1146 | replaces the Dired buffer with the buffer for an alternate file or | |
1147 | directory. | |
1148 | ||
1149 | *** The new command `dired-show-file-type' (usually bound to `y') shows | |
1150 | a message in the echo area describing what type of file the point is on. | |
1151 | This command invokes the external program `file' do its work, and so | |
1152 | will only work on systems with that program, and will be only as | |
1153 | accurate or inaccurate as it is. | |
1154 | ||
1155 | *** Dired now properly handles undo changes of adding/removing `-R' | |
1156 | from ls switches. | |
1157 | ||
1158 | *** Dired commands that prompt for a destination file now allow the use | |
1159 | of the `M-n' command in the minibuffer to insert the source filename, | |
1160 | which the user can then edit. This only works if there is a single | |
1161 | source file, not when operating on multiple marked files. | |
1162 | ||
1163 | ** Gnus changes. | |
1164 | ||
1165 | The Gnus NEWS entries are short, but they reflect sweeping changes in | |
1166 | four areas: Article display treatment, MIME treatment, | |
1167 | internationalization and mail-fetching. | |
1168 | ||
1169 | *** The mail-fetching functions have changed. See the manual for the | |
1170 | many details. In particular, all procmail fetching variables are gone. | |
1171 | ||
1172 | If you used procmail like in | |
1173 | ||
1174 | (setq nnmail-use-procmail t) | |
1175 | (setq nnmail-spool-file 'procmail) | |
1176 | (setq nnmail-procmail-directory "~/mail/incoming/") | |
1177 | (setq nnmail-procmail-suffix "\\.in") | |
1178 | ||
1179 | this now has changed to | |
1180 | ||
1181 | (setq mail-sources | |
1182 | '((directory :path "~/mail/incoming/" | |
1183 | :suffix ".in"))) | |
1184 | ||
1185 | More information is available in the info doc at Select Methods -> | |
1186 | Getting Mail -> Mail Sources | |
1187 | ||
1188 | *** Gnus is now a MIME-capable reader. This affects many parts of | |
1189 | Gnus, and adds a slew of new commands. See the manual for details. | |
1190 | Separate MIME packages like RMIME, mime-compose etc., will probably no | |
1191 | longer work; remove them and use the native facilities. | |
1192 | ||
1193 | The FLIM/SEMI package still works with Emacs 21, but if you want to | |
1194 | use the native facilities, you must remove any mailcap.el[c] that was | |
1195 | installed by FLIM/SEMI version 1.13 or earlier. | |
1196 | ||
1197 | *** Gnus has also been multilingualized. This also affects too many | |
1198 | parts of Gnus to summarize here, and adds many new variables. There | |
1199 | are built-in facilities equivalent to those of gnus-mule.el, which is | |
1200 | now just a compatibility layer. | |
1201 | ||
1202 | *** gnus-mule.el is now just a compatibility layer over the built-in | |
1203 | Gnus facilities. | |
1204 | ||
1205 | *** gnus-auto-select-first can now be a function to be | |
1206 | called to position point. | |
1207 | ||
1208 | *** The user can now decide which extra headers should be included in | |
1209 | summary buffers and NOV files. | |
1210 | ||
1211 | *** `gnus-article-display-hook' has been removed. Instead, a number | |
1212 | of variables starting with `gnus-treat-' have been added. | |
1213 | ||
1214 | *** The Gnus posting styles have been redone again and now work in a | |
1215 | subtly different manner. | |
1216 | ||
1217 | *** New web-based backends have been added: nnslashdot, nnwarchive | |
1218 | and nnultimate. nnweb has been revamped, again, to keep up with | |
1219 | ever-changing layouts. | |
1220 | ||
1221 | *** Gnus can now read IMAP mail via nnimap. | |
1222 | ||
1223 | *** There is image support of various kinds and some sound support. | |
1224 | ||
1225 | ** Changes in Texinfo mode. | |
1226 | ||
1227 | *** A couple of new key bindings have been added for inserting Texinfo | |
1228 | macros | |
1229 | ||
1230 | Key binding Macro | |
1231 | ------------------------- | |
1232 | C-c C-c C-s @strong | |
1233 | C-c C-c C-e @emph | |
1234 | C-c C-c u @uref | |
1235 | C-c C-c q @quotation | |
1236 | C-c C-c m @email | |
1237 | C-c C-o @<block> ... @end <block> | |
1238 | M-RET @item | |
1239 | ||
1240 | *** The " key now inserts either " or `` or '' depending on context. | |
1241 | ||
1242 | ** Changes in Outline mode. | |
1243 | ||
1244 | There is now support for Imenu to index headings. A new command | |
1245 | `outline-headers-as-kill' copies the visible headings in the region to | |
1246 | the kill ring, e.g. to produce a table of contents. | |
1247 | ||
1248 | ** Changes to Emacs Server | |
1249 | ||
1250 | *** The new option `server-kill-new-buffers' specifies what to do | |
1251 | with buffers when done with them. If non-nil, the default, buffers | |
1252 | are killed, unless they were already present before visiting them with | |
1253 | Emacs Server. If nil, `server-temp-file-regexp' specifies which | |
1254 | buffers to kill, as before. | |
1255 | ||
1256 | Please note that only buffers are killed that still have a client, | |
1257 | i.e. buffers visited with `emacsclient --no-wait' are never killed in | |
1258 | this way. | |
1259 | ||
1260 | ** Both emacsclient and Emacs itself now accept command line options | |
1261 | of the form +LINE:COLUMN in addition to +LINE. | |
1262 | ||
1263 | ** Changes to Show Paren mode. | |
1264 | ||
1265 | *** Overlays used by Show Paren mode now use a priority property. | |
1266 | The new user option show-paren-priority specifies the priority to | |
1267 | use. Default is 1000. | |
1268 | ||
1269 | ** New command M-x check-parens can be used to find unbalanced paren | |
1270 | groups and strings in buffers in Lisp mode (or other modes). | |
1271 | ||
1272 | ** Changes to hideshow.el | |
1273 | ||
1274 | *** Generalized block selection and traversal | |
1275 | ||
1276 | A block is now recognized by its start and end regexps (both strings), | |
1277 | and an integer specifying which sub-expression in the start regexp | |
1278 | serves as the place where a `forward-sexp'-like function can operate. | |
1279 | See the documentation of variable `hs-special-modes-alist'. | |
1280 | ||
1281 | *** During incremental search, if Hideshow minor mode is active, | |
1282 | hidden blocks are temporarily shown. The variable `hs-headline' can | |
1283 | be used in the mode line format to show the line at the beginning of | |
1284 | the open block. | |
1285 | ||
1286 | *** User option `hs-hide-all-non-comment-function' specifies a | |
1287 | function to be called at each top-level block beginning, instead of | |
1288 | the normal block-hiding function. | |
1289 | ||
1290 | *** The command `hs-show-region' has been removed. | |
1291 | ||
1292 | *** The key bindings have changed to fit the Emacs conventions, | |
1293 | roughly imitating those of Outline minor mode. Notably, the prefix | |
1294 | for all bindings is now `C-c @'. For details, see the documentation | |
1295 | for `hs-minor-mode'. | |
1296 | ||
1297 | *** The variable `hs-show-hidden-short-form' has been removed, and | |
1298 | hideshow.el now always behaves as if this variable were set to t. | |
1299 | ||
1300 | ** Changes to Change Log mode and Add-Log functions | |
1301 | ||
1302 | *** If you invoke `add-change-log-entry' from a backup file, it makes | |
1303 | an entry appropriate for the file's parent. This is useful for making | |
1304 | log entries by comparing a version with deleted functions. | |
1305 | ||
1306 | **** New command M-x change-log-merge merges another log into the | |
1307 | current buffer. | |
1308 | ||
1309 | *** New command M-x change-log-redate fixes any old-style date entries | |
1310 | in a log file. | |
1311 | ||
1312 | *** Change Log mode now adds a file's version number to change log | |
1313 | entries if user-option `change-log-version-info-enabled' is non-nil. | |
1314 | Unless the file is under version control the search for a file's | |
1315 | version number is performed based on regular expressions from | |
1316 | `change-log-version-number-regexp-list' which can be customized. | |
1317 | Version numbers are only found in the first 10 percent of a file. | |
1318 | ||
1319 | *** Change Log mode now defines its own faces for font-lock highlighting. | |
1320 | ||
1321 | ** Changes to cmuscheme | |
1322 | ||
1323 | *** The user-option `scheme-program-name' has been renamed | |
1324 | `cmuscheme-program-name' due to conflicts with xscheme.el. | |
1325 | ||
1326 | ** Changes in Font Lock | |
1327 | ||
1328 | *** The new function `font-lock-remove-keywords' can be used to remove | |
1329 | font-lock keywords from the current buffer or from a specific major mode. | |
1330 | ||
1331 | *** Multi-line patterns are now supported. Modes using this, should | |
1332 | set font-lock-multiline to t in their font-lock-defaults. | |
1333 | ||
1334 | *** `font-lock-syntactic-face-function' allows major-modes to choose | |
1335 | the face used for each string/comment. | |
1336 | ||
1337 | *** A new standard face `font-lock-doc-face'. | |
1338 | Meant for Lisp docstrings, Javadoc comments and other "documentation in code". | |
1339 | ||
1340 | ** Changes to Shell mode | |
1341 | ||
1342 | *** The `shell' command now accepts an optional argument to specify the buffer | |
1343 | to use, which defaults to "*shell*". When used interactively, a | |
1344 | non-default buffer may be specified by giving the `shell' command a | |
1345 | prefix argument (causing it to prompt for the buffer name). | |
1346 | ||
1347 | ** Comint (subshell) changes | |
1348 | ||
1349 | These changes generally affect all modes derived from comint mode, which | |
1350 | include shell-mode, gdb-mode, scheme-interaction-mode, etc. | |
1351 | ||
1352 | *** Comint now by default interprets some carriage-control characters. | |
1353 | Comint now removes CRs from CR LF sequences, and treats single CRs and | |
1354 | BSs in the output in a way similar to a terminal (by deleting to the | |
1355 | beginning of the line, or deleting the previous character, | |
1356 | respectively). This is achieved by adding `comint-carriage-motion' to | |
1357 | the `comint-output-filter-functions' hook by default. | |
1358 | ||
1359 | *** By default, comint no longer uses the variable `comint-prompt-regexp' | |
1360 | to distinguish prompts from user-input. Instead, it notices which | |
1361 | parts of the text were output by the process, and which entered by the | |
1362 | user, and attaches `field' properties to allow emacs commands to use | |
1363 | this information. Common movement commands, notably beginning-of-line, | |
1364 | respect field boundaries in a fairly natural manner. To disable this | |
1365 | feature, and use the old behavior, customize the user option | |
1366 | `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields'. | |
1367 | ||
1368 | *** Comint now includes new features to send commands to running processes | |
1369 | and redirect the output to a designated buffer or buffers. | |
1370 | ||
1371 | *** The command M-x comint-redirect-send-command reads a command and | |
1372 | buffer name from the mini-buffer. The command is sent to the current | |
1373 | buffer's process, and its output is inserted into the specified buffer. | |
1374 | ||
1375 | The command M-x comint-redirect-send-command-to-process acts like | |
1376 | M-x comint-redirect-send-command but additionally reads the name of | |
1377 | the buffer whose process should be used from the mini-buffer. | |
1378 | ||
1379 | *** Packages based on comint now highlight user input and program prompts, | |
1380 | and support choosing previous input with mouse-2. To control these features, | |
1381 | see the user-options `comint-highlight-input' and `comint-highlight-prompt'. | |
1382 | ||
1383 | *** The new command `comint-write-output' (usually bound to `C-c C-s') | |
1384 | saves the output from the most recent command to a file. With a prefix | |
1385 | argument, it appends to the file. | |
1386 | ||
1387 | *** The command `comint-kill-output' has been renamed `comint-delete-output' | |
1388 | (usually bound to `C-c C-o'); the old name is aliased to it for | |
1389 | compatibility. | |
1390 | ||
1391 | *** The new function `comint-add-to-input-history' adds commands to the input | |
1392 | ring (history). | |
1393 | ||
1394 | *** The new variable `comint-input-history-ignore' is a regexp for | |
1395 | identifying history lines that should be ignored, like tcsh time-stamp | |
1396 | strings, starting with a `#'. The default value of this variable is "^#". | |
1397 | ||
1398 | ** Changes to Rmail mode | |
1399 | ||
1400 | *** The new user-option rmail-user-mail-address-regexp can be | |
1401 | set to fine tune the identification of the correspondent when | |
1402 | receiving new mail. If it matches the address of the sender, the | |
1403 | recipient is taken as correspondent of a mail. If nil, the default, | |
1404 | `user-login-name' and `user-mail-address' are used to exclude yourself | |
1405 | as correspondent. | |
1406 | ||
1407 | Usually you don't have to set this variable, except if you collect | |
1408 | mails sent by you under different user names. Then it should be a | |
1409 | regexp matching your mail addresses. | |
1410 | ||
1411 | *** The new user-option rmail-confirm-expunge controls whether and how | |
1412 | to ask for confirmation before expunging deleted messages from an | |
1413 | Rmail file. You can choose between no confirmation, confirmation | |
1414 | with y-or-n-p, or confirmation with yes-or-no-p. Default is to ask | |
1415 | for confirmation with yes-or-no-p. | |
1416 | ||
1417 | *** RET is now bound in the Rmail summary to rmail-summary-goto-msg, | |
1418 | like `j'. | |
1419 | ||
1420 | *** There is a new user option `rmail-digest-end-regexps' that | |
1421 | specifies the regular expressions to detect the line that ends a | |
1422 | digest message. | |
1423 | ||
1424 | *** The new user option `rmail-automatic-folder-directives' specifies | |
1425 | in which folder to put messages automatically. | |
1426 | ||
1427 | *** The new function `rmail-redecode-body' allows to fix a message | |
1428 | with non-ASCII characters if Emacs happens to decode it incorrectly | |
1429 | due to missing or malformed "charset=" header. | |
1430 | ||
1431 | ** The new user-option `mail-envelope-from' can be used to specify | |
1432 | an envelope-from address different from user-mail-address. | |
1433 | ||
1434 | ** The variable mail-specify-envelope-from controls whether to | |
1435 | use the -f option when sending mail. | |
1436 | ||
1437 | ** The Rmail command `o' (`rmail-output-to-rmail-file') now writes the | |
1438 | current message in the internal `emacs-mule' encoding, rather than in | |
1439 | the encoding taken from the variable `buffer-file-coding-system'. | |
1440 | This allows to save messages whose characters cannot be safely encoded | |
1441 | by the buffer's coding system, and makes sure the message will be | |
1442 | displayed correctly when you later visit the target Rmail file. | |
1443 | ||
1444 | If you want your Rmail files be encoded in a specific coding system | |
1445 | other than `emacs-mule', you can customize the variable | |
1446 | `rmail-file-coding-system' to set its value to that coding system. | |
1447 | ||
1448 | ** Changes to TeX mode | |
1449 | ||
1450 | *** The default mode has been changed from `plain-tex-mode' to | |
1451 | `latex-mode'. | |
1452 | ||
1453 | *** latex-mode now has a simple indentation algorithm. | |
1454 | ||
1455 | *** M-f and M-p jump around \begin...\end pairs. | |
1456 | ||
1457 | *** Added support for outline-minor-mode. | |
1458 | ||
1459 | ** Changes to RefTeX mode | |
1460 | ||
1461 | *** RefTeX has new support for index generation. Index entries can be | |
1462 | created with `C-c <', with completion available on index keys. | |
1463 | Pressing `C-c /' indexes the word at the cursor with a default | |
1464 | macro. `C-c >' compiles all index entries into an alphabetically | |
1465 | sorted *Index* buffer which looks like the final index. Entries | |
1466 | can be edited from that buffer. | |
1467 | ||
1468 | *** Label and citation key selection now allow to select several | |
1469 | items and reference them together (use `m' to mark items, `a' or | |
1470 | `A' to use all marked entries). | |
1471 | ||
1472 | *** reftex.el has been split into a number of smaller files to reduce | |
1473 | memory use when only a part of RefTeX is being used. | |
1474 | ||
1475 | *** a new command `reftex-view-crossref-from-bibtex' (bound to `C-c &' | |
1476 | in BibTeX-mode) can be called in a BibTeX database buffer in order | |
1477 | to show locations in LaTeX documents where a particular entry has | |
1478 | been cited. | |
1479 | ||
1480 | ** Emacs Lisp mode now allows multiple levels of outline headings. | |
1481 | The level of a heading is determined from the number of leading | |
1482 | semicolons in a heading line. Toplevel forms starting with a `(' | |
1483 | in column 1 are always made leaves. | |
1484 | ||
1485 | ** The M-x time-stamp command (most commonly used on write-file-hooks) | |
1486 | has the following new features: | |
1487 | ||
1488 | *** The patterns for finding the time stamp and for updating a pattern | |
1489 | may match text spanning multiple lines. For example, some people like | |
1490 | to have the filename and date on separate lines. The new variable | |
1491 | time-stamp-inserts-lines controls the matching for multi-line patterns. | |
1492 | ||
1493 | *** More than one time stamp can be updated in the same file. This | |
1494 | feature is useful if you need separate time stamps in a program source | |
1495 | file to both include in formatted documentation and insert in the | |
1496 | compiled binary. The same time-stamp will be written at each matching | |
1497 | pattern. The variable time-stamp-count enables this new feature; it | |
1498 | defaults to 1. | |
1499 | ||
1500 | ** Partial Completion mode now completes environment variables in | |
1501 | file names. | |
1502 | ||
1503 | ** Ispell changes | |
1504 | ||
1505 | *** The command `ispell' now spell-checks a region if | |
1506 | transient-mark-mode is on, and the mark is active. Otherwise it | |
1507 | spell-checks the current buffer. | |
1508 | ||
1509 | *** Support for synchronous subprocesses - DOS/Windoze - has been | |
1510 | added. | |
1511 | ||
1512 | *** An "alignment error" bug was fixed when a manual spelling | |
1513 | correction is made and re-checked. | |
1514 | ||
1515 | *** Italian, Portuguese, and Slovak dictionary definitions have been added. | |
1516 | ||
1517 | *** Region skipping performance has been vastly improved in some | |
1518 | cases. | |
1519 | ||
1520 | *** Spell checking HTML buffers has been improved and isn't so strict | |
1521 | on syntax errors. | |
1522 | ||
1523 | *** The buffer-local words are now always placed on a new line at the | |
1524 | end of the buffer. | |
1525 | ||
1526 | *** Spell checking now works in the MS-DOS version of Emacs. | |
1527 | ||
1528 | *** The variable `ispell-format-word' has been renamed to | |
1529 | `ispell-format-word-function'. The old name is still available as | |
1530 | alias. | |
1531 | ||
1532 | ** Makefile mode changes | |
1533 | ||
1534 | *** The mode now uses the abbrev table `makefile-mode-abbrev-table'. | |
1535 | ||
1536 | *** Conditionals and include statements are now highlighted when | |
1537 | Fontlock mode is active. | |
1538 | ||
1539 | ** Isearch changes | |
1540 | ||
1541 | *** Isearch now puts a call to `isearch-resume' in the command history, | |
1542 | so that searches can be resumed. | |
1543 | ||
1544 | *** In Isearch mode, C-M-s and C-M-r are now bound like C-s and C-r, | |
1545 | respectively, i.e. you can repeat a regexp isearch with the same keys | |
1546 | that started the search. | |
1547 | ||
1548 | *** In Isearch mode, mouse-2 in the echo area now yanks the current | |
1549 | selection into the search string rather than giving an error. | |
1550 | ||
1551 | *** There is a new lazy highlighting feature in incremental search. | |
1552 | ||
1553 | Lazy highlighting is switched on/off by customizing variable | |
1554 | `isearch-lazy-highlight'. When active, all matches for the current | |
1555 | search string are highlighted. The current match is highlighted as | |
1556 | before using face `isearch' or `region'. All other matches are | |
1557 | highlighted using face `isearch-lazy-highlight-face' which defaults to | |
1558 | `secondary-selection'. | |
1559 | ||
1560 | The extra highlighting makes it easier to anticipate where the cursor | |
1561 | will end up each time you press C-s or C-r to repeat a pending search. | |
1562 | Highlighting of these additional matches happens in a deferred fashion | |
1563 | using "idle timers," so the cycles needed do not rob isearch of its | |
1564 | usual snappy response. | |
1565 | ||
1566 | If `isearch-lazy-highlight-cleanup' is set to t, highlights for | |
1567 | matches are automatically cleared when you end the search. If it is | |
1568 | set to nil, you can remove the highlights manually with `M-x | |
1569 | isearch-lazy-highlight-cleanup'. | |
1570 | ||
1571 | ** VC Changes | |
1572 | ||
1573 | VC has been overhauled internally. It is now modular, making it | |
1574 | easier to plug-in arbitrary version control backends. (See Lisp | |
1575 | Changes for details on the new structure.) As a result, the mechanism | |
1576 | to enable and disable support for particular version systems has | |
1577 | changed: everything is now controlled by the new variable | |
1578 | `vc-handled-backends'. Its value is a list of symbols that identify | |
1579 | version systems; the default is '(RCS CVS SCCS). When finding a file, | |
1580 | each of the backends in that list is tried in order to see whether the | |
1581 | file is registered in that backend. | |
1582 | ||
1583 | When registering a new file, VC first tries each of the listed | |
1584 | backends to see if any of them considers itself "responsible" for the | |
1585 | directory of the file (e.g. because a corresponding subdirectory for | |
1586 | master files exists). If none of the backends is responsible, then | |
1587 | the first backend in the list that could register the file is chosen. | |
1588 | As a consequence, the variable `vc-default-back-end' is now obsolete. | |
1589 | ||
1590 | The old variable `vc-master-templates' is also obsolete, although VC | |
1591 | still supports it for backward compatibility. To define templates for | |
1592 | RCS or SCCS, you should rather use the new variables | |
1593 | vc-{rcs,sccs}-master-templates. (There is no such feature under CVS | |
1594 | where it doesn't make sense.) | |
1595 | ||
1596 | The variables `vc-ignore-vc-files' and `vc-handle-cvs' are also | |
1597 | obsolete now, you must set `vc-handled-backends' to nil or exclude | |
1598 | `CVS' from the list, respectively, to achieve their effect now. | |
1599 | ||
1600 | *** General Changes | |
1601 | ||
1602 | The variable `vc-checkout-carefully' is obsolete: the corresponding | |
1603 | checks are always done now. | |
1604 | ||
1605 | VC Dired buffers are now kept up-to-date during all version control | |
1606 | operations. | |
1607 | ||
1608 | `vc-diff' output is now displayed in `diff-mode'. | |
1609 | `vc-print-log' uses `log-view-mode'. | |
1610 | `vc-log-mode' (used for *VC-Log*) has been replaced by `log-edit-mode'. | |
1611 | ||
1612 | The command C-x v m (vc-merge) now accepts an empty argument as the | |
1613 | first revision number. This means that any recent changes on the | |
1614 | current branch should be picked up from the repository and merged into | |
1615 | the working file (``merge news''). | |
1616 | ||
1617 | The commands C-x v s (vc-create-snapshot) and C-x v r | |
1618 | (vc-retrieve-snapshot) now ask for a directory name from which to work | |
1619 | downwards. | |
1620 | ||
1621 | *** Multiple Backends | |
1622 | ||
1623 | VC now lets you register files in more than one backend. This is | |
1624 | useful, for example, if you are working with a slow remote CVS | |
1625 | repository. You can then use RCS for local editing, and occasionally | |
1626 | commit your changes back to CVS, or pick up changes from CVS into your | |
1627 | local RCS archives. | |
1628 | ||
1629 | To make this work, the ``more local'' backend (RCS in our example) | |
1630 | should come first in `vc-handled-backends', and the ``more remote'' | |
1631 | backend (CVS) should come later. (The default value of | |
1632 | `vc-handled-backends' already has it that way.) | |
1633 | ||
1634 | You can then commit changes to another backend (say, RCS), by typing | |
1635 | C-u C-x v v RCS RET (i.e. vc-next-action now accepts a backend name as | |
1636 | a revision number). VC registers the file in the more local backend | |
1637 | if that hasn't already happened, and commits to a branch based on the | |
1638 | current revision number from the more remote backend. | |
1639 | ||
1640 | If a file is registered in multiple backends, you can switch to | |
1641 | another one using C-x v b (vc-switch-backend). This does not change | |
1642 | any files, it only changes VC's perspective on the file. Use this to | |
1643 | pick up changes from CVS while working under RCS locally. | |
1644 | ||
1645 | After you are done with your local RCS editing, you can commit your | |
1646 | changes back to CVS using C-u C-x v v CVS RET. In this case, the | |
1647 | local RCS archive is removed after the commit, and the log entry | |
1648 | buffer is initialized to contain the entire RCS change log of the file. | |
1649 | ||
1650 | *** Changes for CVS | |
1651 | ||
1652 | There is a new user option, `vc-cvs-stay-local'. If it is `t' (the | |
1653 | default), then VC avoids network queries for files registered in | |
1654 | remote repositories. The state of such files is then only determined | |
1655 | by heuristics and past information. `vc-cvs-stay-local' can also be a | |
1656 | regexp to match against repository hostnames; only files from hosts | |
1657 | that match it are treated locally. If the variable is nil, then VC | |
1658 | queries the repository just as often as it does for local files. | |
1659 | ||
1660 | If `vc-cvs-stay-local' is on, then VC also makes local backups of | |
1661 | repository versions. This means that ordinary diffs (C-x v =) and | |
1662 | revert operations (C-x v u) can be done completely locally, without | |
1663 | any repository interactions at all. The name of a local version | |
1664 | backup of FILE is FILE.~REV.~, where REV is the repository version | |
1665 | number. This format is similar to that used by C-x v ~ | |
1666 | (vc-version-other-window), except for the trailing dot. As a matter | |
1667 | of fact, the two features can each use the files created by the other, | |
1668 | the only difference being that files with a trailing `.' are deleted | |
1669 | automatically after commit. (This feature doesn't work on MS-DOS, | |
1670 | since DOS disallows more than a single dot in the trunk of a file | |
1671 | name.) | |
1672 | ||
1673 | If `vc-cvs-stay-local' is on, and there have been changes in the | |
1674 | repository, VC notifies you about it when you actually try to commit. | |
1675 | If you want to check for updates from the repository without trying to | |
1676 | commit, you can either use C-x v m RET to perform an update on the | |
1677 | current file, or you can use C-x v r RET to get an update for an | |
1678 | entire directory tree. | |
1679 | ||
1680 | The new user option `vc-cvs-use-edit' indicates whether VC should call | |
cd1181db | 1681 | "cvs edit" to make files writable; it defaults to `t'. (This option |
9a21d88b KS |
1682 | is only meaningful if the CVSREAD variable is set, or if files are |
1683 | "watched" by other developers.) | |
1684 | ||
1685 | The commands C-x v s (vc-create-snapshot) and C-x v r | |
1686 | (vc-retrieve-snapshot) are now also implemented for CVS. If you give | |
1687 | an empty snapshot name to the latter, that performs a `cvs update', | |
1688 | starting at the given directory. | |
1689 | ||
1690 | *** Lisp Changes in VC | |
1691 | ||
1692 | VC has been restructured internally to make it modular. You can now | |
1693 | add support for arbitrary version control backends by writing a | |
1694 | library that provides a certain set of backend-specific functions, and | |
1695 | then telling VC to use that library. For example, to add support for | |
1696 | a version system named SYS, you write a library named vc-sys.el, which | |
1697 | provides a number of functions vc-sys-... (see commentary at the top | |
1698 | of vc.el for a detailed list of them). To make VC use that library, | |
1699 | you need to put it somewhere into Emacs' load path and add the symbol | |
1700 | `SYS' to the list `vc-handled-backends'. | |
1701 | ||
1702 | ** The customizable EDT emulation package now supports the EDT | |
1703 | SUBS command and EDT scroll margins. It also works with more | |
1704 | terminal/keyboard configurations and it now works under XEmacs. | |
1705 | See etc/edt-user.doc for more information. | |
1706 | ||
1707 | ** New modes and packages | |
1708 | ||
1709 | *** The new global minor mode `minibuffer-electric-default-mode' | |
1710 | automatically hides the `(default ...)' part of minibuffer prompts when | |
1711 | the default is not applicable. | |
1712 | ||
1713 | *** Artist is an Emacs lisp package that allows you to draw lines, | |
1714 | rectangles and ellipses by using your mouse and/or keyboard. The | |
1715 | shapes are made up with the ascii characters |, -, / and \. | |
1716 | ||
1717 | Features are: | |
1718 | ||
1719 | - Intersecting: When a `|' intersects with a `-', a `+' is | |
1720 | drawn, like this: | \ / | |
1721 | --+-- X | |
1722 | | / \ | |
1723 | ||
1724 | - Rubber-banding: When drawing lines you can interactively see the | |
1725 | result while holding the mouse button down and moving the mouse. If | |
1726 | your machine is not fast enough (a 386 is a bit too slow, but a | |
1727 | pentium is well enough), you can turn this feature off. You will | |
1728 | then see 1's and 2's which mark the 1st and 2nd endpoint of the line | |
1729 | you are drawing. | |
1730 | ||
1731 | - Arrows: After having drawn a (straight) line or a (straight) | |
1732 | poly-line, you can set arrows on the line-ends by typing < or >. | |
1733 | ||
1734 | - Flood-filling: You can fill any area with a certain character by | |
1735 | flood-filling. | |
1736 | ||
1737 | - Cut copy and paste: You can cut, copy and paste rectangular | |
1738 | regions. Artist also interfaces with the rect package (this can be | |
1739 | turned off if it causes you any trouble) so anything you cut in | |
1740 | artist can be yanked with C-x r y and vice versa. | |
1741 | ||
1742 | - Drawing with keys: Everything you can do with the mouse, you can | |
1743 | also do without the mouse. | |
1744 | ||
1745 | - Aspect-ratio: You can set the variable artist-aspect-ratio to | |
1746 | reflect the height-width ratio for the font you are using. Squares | |
1747 | and circles are then drawn square/round. Note, that once your | |
1748 | ascii-file is shown with font with a different height-width ratio, | |
1749 | the squares won't be square and the circles won't be round. | |
1750 | ||
1751 | - Drawing operations: The following drawing operations are implemented: | |
1752 | ||
1753 | lines straight-lines | |
1754 | rectangles squares | |
1755 | poly-lines straight poly-lines | |
1756 | ellipses circles | |
1757 | text (see-thru) text (overwrite) | |
1758 | spray-can setting size for spraying | |
1759 | vaporize line vaporize lines | |
1760 | erase characters erase rectangles | |
1761 | ||
1762 | Straight lines are lines that go horizontally, vertically or | |
1763 | diagonally. Plain lines go in any direction. The operations in | |
1764 | the right column are accessed by holding down the shift key while | |
1765 | drawing. | |
1766 | ||
1767 | It is possible to vaporize (erase) entire lines and connected lines | |
1768 | (rectangles for example) as long as the lines being vaporized are | |
1769 | straight and connected at their endpoints. Vaporizing is inspired | |
1770 | by the drawrect package by Jari Aalto <jari.aalto@poboxes.com>. | |
1771 | ||
1772 | - Picture mode compatibility: Artist is picture mode compatible (this | |
1773 | can be turned off). | |
1774 | ||
1775 | *** The new package Eshell is an operating system command shell | |
1776 | implemented entirely in Emacs Lisp. Use `M-x eshell' to invoke it. | |
1777 | It functions similarly to bash and zsh, and allows running of Lisp | |
1778 | functions and external commands using the same syntax. It supports | |
1779 | history lists, aliases, extended globbing, smart scrolling, etc. It | |
1780 | will work on any platform Emacs has been ported to. And since most of | |
1781 | the basic commands -- ls, rm, mv, cp, ln, du, cat, etc. -- have been | |
1782 | rewritten in Lisp, it offers an operating-system independent shell, | |
1783 | all within the scope of your Emacs process. | |
1784 | ||
1785 | *** The new package timeclock.el is a mode is for keeping track of time | |
1786 | intervals. You can use it for whatever purpose you like, but the | |
1787 | typical scenario is to keep track of how much time you spend working | |
1788 | on certain projects. | |
1789 | ||
1790 | *** The new package hi-lock.el provides commands to highlight matches | |
1791 | of interactively entered regexps. For example, | |
1792 | ||
1793 | M-x highlight-regexp RET clearly RET RET | |
1794 | ||
1795 | will highlight all occurrences of `clearly' using a yellow background | |
1796 | face. New occurrences of `clearly' will be highlighted as they are | |
1797 | typed. `M-x unhighlight-regexp RET' will remove the highlighting. | |
1798 | Any existing face can be used for highlighting and a set of | |
1799 | appropriate faces is provided. The regexps can be written into the | |
1800 | current buffer in a form that will be recognized the next time the | |
1801 | corresponding file is read. There are commands to highlight matches | |
1802 | to phrases and to highlight entire lines containing a match. | |
1803 | ||
1804 | *** The new package zone.el plays games with Emacs' display when | |
1805 | Emacs is idle. | |
1806 | ||
1807 | *** The new package tildify.el allows to add hard spaces or other text | |
1808 | fragments in accordance with the current major mode. | |
1809 | ||
1810 | *** The new package xml.el provides a simple but generic XML | |
1811 | parser. It doesn't parse the DTDs however. | |
1812 | ||
1813 | *** The comment operations are now provided by the newcomment.el | |
1814 | package which allows different styles of comment-region and should | |
1815 | be more robust while offering the same functionality. | |
1816 | `comment-region' now doesn't always comment a-line-at-a-time, but only | |
1817 | comments the region, breaking the line at point if necessary. | |
1818 | ||
1819 | *** The Ebrowse package implements a C++ class browser and tags | |
1820 | facilities tailored for use with C++. It is documented in a | |
1821 | separate Texinfo file. | |
1822 | ||
1823 | *** The PCL-CVS package available by either running M-x cvs-examine or | |
1824 | by visiting a CVS administrative directory (with a prefix argument) | |
1825 | provides an alternative interface to VC-dired for CVS. It comes with | |
1826 | `log-view-mode' to view RCS and SCCS logs and `log-edit-mode' used to | |
1827 | enter check-in log messages. | |
1828 | ||
1829 | *** The new package called `woman' allows to browse Unix man pages | |
1830 | without invoking external programs. | |
1831 | ||
1832 | The command `M-x woman' formats manual pages entirely in Emacs Lisp | |
1833 | and then displays them, like `M-x manual-entry' does. Unlike | |
1834 | `manual-entry', `woman' does not invoke any external programs, so it | |
1835 | is useful on systems such as MS-DOS/MS-Windows where the `man' and | |
1836 | Groff or `troff' commands are not readily available. | |
1837 | ||
1838 | The command `M-x woman-find-file' asks for the file name of a man | |
1839 | page, then formats and displays it like `M-x woman' does. | |
1840 | ||
1841 | *** The new command M-x re-builder offers a convenient interface for | |
1842 | authoring regular expressions with immediate visual feedback. | |
1843 | ||
1844 | The buffer from which the command was called becomes the target for | |
1845 | the regexp editor popping up in a separate window. Matching text in | |
1846 | the target buffer is immediately color marked during the editing. | |
1847 | Each sub-expression of the regexp will show up in a different face so | |
1848 | even complex regexps can be edited and verified on target data in a | |
1849 | single step. | |
1850 | ||
1851 | On displays not supporting faces the matches instead blink like | |
1852 | matching parens to make them stand out. On such a setup you will | |
1853 | probably also want to use the sub-expression mode when the regexp | |
1854 | contains such to get feedback about their respective limits. | |
1855 | ||
1856 | *** glasses-mode is a minor mode that makes | |
1857 | unreadableIdentifiersLikeThis readable. It works as glasses, without | |
1858 | actually modifying content of a buffer. | |
1859 | ||
1860 | *** The package ebnf2ps translates an EBNF to a syntactic chart in | |
1861 | PostScript. | |
1862 | ||
1863 | Currently accepts ad-hoc EBNF, ISO EBNF and Bison/Yacc. | |
1864 | ||
1865 | The ad-hoc default EBNF syntax has the following elements: | |
1866 | ||
1867 | ; comment (until end of line) | |
1868 | A non-terminal | |
1869 | "C" terminal | |
1870 | ?C? special | |
1871 | $A default non-terminal | |
1872 | $"C" default terminal | |
1873 | $?C? default special | |
1874 | A = B. production (A is the header and B the body) | |
1875 | C D sequence (C occurs before D) | |
1876 | C | D alternative (C or D occurs) | |
1877 | A - B exception (A excluding B, B without any non-terminal) | |
1878 | n * A repetition (A repeats n (integer) times) | |
1879 | (C) group (expression C is grouped together) | |
1880 | [C] optional (C may or not occurs) | |
1881 | C+ one or more occurrences of C | |
1882 | {C}+ one or more occurrences of C | |
1883 | {C}* zero or more occurrences of C | |
1884 | {C} zero or more occurrences of C | |
1885 | C / D equivalent to: C {D C}* | |
1886 | {C || D}+ equivalent to: C {D C}* | |
1887 | {C || D}* equivalent to: [C {D C}*] | |
1888 | {C || D} equivalent to: [C {D C}*] | |
1889 | ||
1890 | Please, see ebnf2ps documentation for EBNF syntax and how to use it. | |
1891 | ||
1892 | *** The package align.el will align columns within a region, using M-x | |
1893 | align. Its mode-specific rules, based on regular expressions, | |
1894 | determine where the columns should be split. In C and C++, for | |
1895 | example, it will align variable names in declaration lists, or the | |
1896 | equal signs of assignments. | |
1897 | ||
1898 | *** `paragraph-indent-minor-mode' is a new minor mode supporting | |
1899 | paragraphs in the same style as `paragraph-indent-text-mode'. | |
1900 | ||
1901 | *** bs.el is a new package for buffer selection similar to | |
1902 | list-buffers or electric-buffer-list. Use M-x bs-show to display a | |
1903 | buffer menu with this package. See the Custom group `bs'. | |
1904 | ||
1905 | *** find-lisp.el is a package emulating the Unix find command in Lisp. | |
1906 | ||
1907 | *** calculator.el is a small calculator package that is intended to | |
1908 | replace desktop calculators such as xcalc and calc.exe. Actually, it | |
1909 | is not too small - it has more features than most desktop calculators, | |
1910 | and can be customized easily to get many more functions. It should | |
1911 | not be confused with "calc" which is a much bigger mathematical tool | |
1912 | which answers different needs. | |
1913 | ||
1914 | *** The minor modes cwarn-mode and global-cwarn-mode highlights | |
1915 | suspicious C and C++ constructions. Currently, assignments inside | |
1916 | expressions, semicolon following `if', `for' and `while' (except, of | |
1917 | course, after a `do .. while' statement), and C++ functions with | |
1918 | reference parameters are recognized. The modes require font-lock mode | |
1919 | to be enabled. | |
1920 | ||
1921 | *** smerge-mode.el provides `smerge-mode', a simple minor-mode for files | |
1922 | containing diff3-style conflict markers, such as generated by RCS. | |
1923 | ||
1924 | *** 5x5.el is a simple puzzle game. | |
1925 | ||
1926 | *** hl-line.el provides `hl-line-mode', a minor mode to highlight the | |
1927 | current line in the current buffer. It also provides | |
1928 | `global-hl-line-mode' to provide the same behavior in all buffers. | |
1929 | ||
1930 | *** ansi-color.el translates ANSI terminal escapes into text-properties. | |
1931 | ||
1932 | Please note: if `ansi-color-for-comint-mode' and | |
1933 | `global-font-lock-mode' are non-nil, loading ansi-color.el will | |
1934 | disable font-lock and add `ansi-color-apply' to | |
1935 | `comint-preoutput-filter-functions' for all shell-mode buffers. This | |
1936 | displays the output of "ls --color=yes" using the correct foreground | |
1937 | and background colors. | |
1938 | ||
1939 | *** delphi.el provides a major mode for editing the Delphi (Object | |
1940 | Pascal) language. | |
1941 | ||
1942 | *** quickurl.el provides a simple method of inserting a URL based on | |
1943 | the text at point. | |
1944 | ||
1945 | *** sql.el provides an interface to SQL data bases. | |
1946 | ||
1947 | *** fortune.el uses the fortune program to create mail/news signatures. | |
1948 | ||
1949 | *** whitespace.el is a package for warning about and cleaning bogus | |
1950 | whitespace in a file. | |
1951 | ||
1952 | *** PostScript mode (ps-mode) is a new major mode for editing PostScript | |
1953 | files. It offers: interaction with a PostScript interpreter, including | |
1954 | (very basic) error handling; fontification, easily customizable for | |
1955 | interpreter messages; auto-indentation; insertion of EPSF templates and | |
1956 | often used code snippets; viewing of BoundingBox; commenting out / | |
1957 | uncommenting regions; conversion of 8bit characters to PostScript octal | |
1958 | codes. All functionality is accessible through a menu. | |
1959 | ||
1960 | *** delim-col helps to prettify columns in a text region or rectangle. | |
1961 | ||
1962 | Here is an example of columns: | |
1963 | ||
1964 | horse apple bus | |
1965 | dog pineapple car EXTRA | |
1966 | porcupine strawberry airplane | |
1967 | ||
1968 | Doing the following settings: | |
1969 | ||
1970 | (setq delimit-columns-str-before "[ ") | |
1971 | (setq delimit-columns-str-after " ]") | |
1972 | (setq delimit-columns-str-separator ", ") | |
1973 | (setq delimit-columns-separator "\t") | |
1974 | ||
1975 | ||
1976 | Selecting the lines above and typing: | |
1977 | ||
1978 | M-x delimit-columns-region | |
1979 | ||
1980 | It results: | |
1981 | ||
1982 | [ horse , apple , bus , ] | |
1983 | [ dog , pineapple , car , EXTRA ] | |
1984 | [ porcupine, strawberry, airplane, ] | |
1985 | ||
1986 | delim-col has the following options: | |
1987 | ||
1988 | delimit-columns-str-before Specify a string to be inserted | |
1989 | before all columns. | |
1990 | ||
1991 | delimit-columns-str-separator Specify a string to be inserted | |
1992 | between each column. | |
1993 | ||
1994 | delimit-columns-str-after Specify a string to be inserted | |
1995 | after all columns. | |
1996 | ||
1997 | delimit-columns-separator Specify a regexp which separates | |
1998 | each column. | |
1999 | ||
2000 | delim-col has the following commands: | |
2001 | ||
2002 | delimit-columns-region Prettify all columns in a text region. | |
2003 | delimit-columns-rectangle Prettify all columns in a text rectangle. | |
2004 | ||
2005 | *** Recentf mode maintains a menu for visiting files that were | |
2006 | operated on recently. User option recentf-menu-filter specifies a | |
2007 | menu filter function to change the menu appearance. For example, the | |
2008 | recent file list can be displayed: | |
2009 | ||
2010 | - organized by major modes, directories or user defined rules. | |
2011 | - sorted by file paths, file names, ascending or descending. | |
2012 | - showing paths relative to the current default-directory | |
2013 | ||
2014 | The `recentf-filter-changer' menu filter function allows to | |
2015 | dynamically change the menu appearance. | |
2016 | ||
2017 | *** elide-head.el provides a mechanism for eliding boilerplate header | |
2018 | text. | |
2019 | ||
2020 | *** footnote.el provides `footnote-mode', a minor mode supporting use | |
2021 | of footnotes. It is intended for use with Message mode, but isn't | |
2022 | specific to Message mode. | |
2023 | ||
2024 | *** diff-mode.el provides `diff-mode', a major mode for | |
2025 | viewing/editing context diffs (patches). It is selected for files | |
2026 | with extension `.diff', `.diffs', `.patch' and `.rej'. | |
2027 | ||
2028 | *** EUDC, the Emacs Unified Directory Client, provides a common user | |
2029 | interface to access directory servers using different directory | |
2030 | protocols. It has a separate manual. | |
2031 | ||
2032 | *** autoconf.el provides a major mode for editing configure.in files | |
2033 | for Autoconf, selected automatically. | |
2034 | ||
2035 | *** windmove.el provides moving between windows. | |
2036 | ||
2037 | *** crm.el provides a facility to read multiple strings from the | |
2038 | minibuffer with completion. | |
2039 | ||
2040 | *** todo-mode.el provides management of TODO lists and integration | |
2041 | with the diary features. | |
2042 | ||
2043 | *** autoarg.el provides a feature reported from Twenex Emacs whereby | |
2044 | numeric keys supply prefix args rather than self inserting. | |
2045 | ||
2046 | *** The function `turn-off-auto-fill' unconditionally turns off Auto | |
2047 | Fill mode. | |
2048 | ||
2049 | *** pcomplete.el is a library that provides programmable completion | |
2050 | facilities for Emacs, similar to what zsh and tcsh offer. The main | |
2051 | difference is that completion functions are written in Lisp, meaning | |
2052 | they can be profiled, debugged, etc. | |
2053 | ||
2054 | *** antlr-mode is a new major mode for editing ANTLR grammar files. | |
2055 | It is automatically turned on for files whose names have the extension | |
2056 | `.g'. | |
2057 | ||
2058 | ** Changes in sort.el | |
2059 | ||
2060 | The function sort-numeric-fields interprets numbers starting with `0' | |
2061 | as octal and numbers starting with `0x' or `0X' as hexadecimal. The | |
2062 | new user-option sort-numeric-base can be used to specify a default | |
2063 | numeric base. | |
2064 | ||
2065 | ** Changes to Ange-ftp | |
2066 | ||
2067 | *** Ange-ftp allows you to specify of a port number in remote file | |
2068 | names cleanly. It is appended to the host name, separated by a hash | |
2069 | sign, e.g. `/foo@bar.org#666:mumble'. (This syntax comes from EFS.) | |
2070 | ||
2071 | *** If the new user-option `ange-ftp-try-passive-mode' is set, passive | |
2072 | ftp mode will be used if the ftp client supports that. | |
2073 | ||
2074 | *** Ange-ftp handles the output of the w32-style clients which | |
2075 | output ^M at the end of lines. | |
2076 | ||
2077 | ** The recommended way of using Iswitchb is via the new global minor | |
2078 | mode `iswitchb-mode'. | |
2079 | ||
2080 | ** Just loading the msb package doesn't switch on Msb mode anymore. | |
2081 | If you have `(require 'msb)' in your .emacs, please replace it with | |
2082 | `(msb-mode 1)'. | |
2083 | ||
2084 | ** Changes in Flyspell mode | |
2085 | ||
2086 | *** Flyspell mode has various new options. See the `flyspell' Custom | |
2087 | group. | |
2088 | ||
2089 | *** The variable `flyspell-generic-check-word-p' has been renamed | |
2090 | to `flyspell-generic-check-word-predicate'. The old name is still | |
2091 | available as alias. | |
2092 | ||
2093 | ** The user option `backward-delete-char-untabify-method' controls the | |
2094 | behavior of `backward-delete-char-untabify'. The following values | |
2095 | are recognized: | |
2096 | ||
2097 | `untabify' -- turn a tab to many spaces, then delete one space; | |
2098 | `hungry' -- delete all whitespace, both tabs and spaces; | |
2099 | `all' -- delete all whitespace, including tabs, spaces and newlines; | |
2100 | nil -- just delete one character. | |
2101 | ||
2102 | Default value is `untabify'. | |
2103 | ||
2104 | [This change was made in Emacs 20.3 but not mentioned then.] | |
2105 | ||
2106 | ** In Cperl mode `cperl-invalid-face' should now be a normal face | |
2107 | symbol, not double-quoted. | |
2108 | ||
2109 | ** Some packages are declared obsolete, to be removed in a future | |
2110 | version. They are: auto-show, c-mode, hilit19, hscroll, ooutline, | |
2111 | profile, rnews, rnewspost, and sc. Their implementations have been | |
2112 | moved to lisp/obsolete. | |
2113 | ||
2114 | ** auto-compression mode is no longer enabled just by loading jka-compr.el. | |
2115 | To control it, set `auto-compression-mode' via Custom or use the | |
2116 | `auto-compression-mode' command. | |
2117 | ||
2118 | ** `browse-url-gnome-moz' is a new option for | |
2119 | `browse-url-browser-function', invoking Mozilla in GNOME, and | |
2120 | `browse-url-kde' can be chosen for invoking the KDE browser. | |
2121 | ||
2122 | ** The user-option `browse-url-new-window-p' has been renamed to | |
2123 | `browse-url-new-window-flag'. | |
2124 | ||
2125 | ** The functions `keep-lines', `flush-lines' and `how-many' now | |
2126 | operate on the active region in Transient Mark mode. | |
2127 | ||
2128 | ** `gnus-user-agent' is a new possibility for `mail-user-agent'. It | |
2129 | is like `message-user-agent', but with all the Gnus paraphernalia. | |
2130 | ||
2131 | ** The Strokes package has been updated. If your Emacs has XPM | |
2132 | support, you can use it for pictographic editing. In Strokes mode, | |
2133 | use C-mouse-2 to compose a complex stoke and insert it into the | |
2134 | buffer. You can encode or decode a strokes buffer with new commands | |
2135 | M-x strokes-encode-buffer and M-x strokes-decode-buffer. There is a | |
2136 | new command M-x strokes-list-strokes. | |
2137 | ||
2138 | ** Hexl contains a new command `hexl-insert-hex-string' which inserts | |
2139 | a string of hexadecimal numbers read from the mini-buffer. | |
2140 | ||
2141 | ** Hexl mode allows to insert non-ASCII characters. | |
2142 | ||
2143 | The non-ASCII characters are encoded using the same encoding as the | |
2144 | file you are visiting in Hexl mode. | |
2145 | ||
2146 | ** Shell script mode changes. | |
2147 | ||
2148 | Shell script mode (sh-script) can now indent scripts for shells | |
2149 | derived from sh and rc. The indentation style is customizable, and | |
2150 | sh-script can attempt to "learn" the current buffer's style. | |
2151 | ||
2152 | ** Etags changes. | |
2153 | ||
2154 | *** In DOS, etags looks for file.cgz if it cannot find file.c. | |
2155 | ||
2156 | *** New option --ignore-case-regex is an alternative to --regex. It is now | |
2157 | possible to bind a regexp to a language, by prepending the regexp with | |
2158 | {lang}, where lang is one of the languages that `etags --help' prints out. | |
2159 | This feature is useful especially for regex files, where each line contains | |
2160 | a regular expression. The manual contains details. | |
2161 | ||
2162 | *** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for function | |
2163 | declarations when given the --declarations option. | |
2164 | ||
2165 | *** In C++, tags are created for "operator". The tags have the form | |
2166 | "operator+", without spaces between the keyword and the operator. | |
2167 | ||
2168 | *** You shouldn't generally need any more the -C or -c++ option: etags | |
2169 | automatically switches to C++ parsing when it meets the `class' or | |
2170 | `template' keywords. | |
2171 | ||
2172 | *** Etags now is able to delve at arbitrary deeps into nested structures in | |
2173 | C-like languages. Previously, it was limited to one or two brace levels. | |
2174 | ||
2175 | *** New language Ada: tags are functions, procedures, packages, tasks, and | |
2176 | types. | |
2177 | ||
2178 | *** In Fortran, `procedure' is not tagged. | |
2179 | ||
2180 | *** In Java, tags are created for "interface". | |
2181 | ||
2182 | *** In Lisp, "(defstruct (foo", "(defun (operator" and similar constructs | |
2183 | are now tagged. | |
2184 | ||
2185 | *** In makefiles, tags the targets. | |
2186 | ||
2187 | *** In Perl, the --globals option tags global variables. my and local | |
2188 | variables are tagged. | |
2189 | ||
2190 | *** New language Python: def and class at the beginning of a line are tags. | |
2191 | ||
7877f373 | 2192 | *** .ss files are Scheme files, .pdb is PostScript with C syntax, .psw is |
9a21d88b KS |
2193 | for PSWrap. |
2194 | ||
2195 | ** Changes in etags.el | |
2196 | ||
2197 | *** The new user-option tags-case-fold-search can be used to make | |
2198 | tags operations case-sensitive or case-insensitive. The default | |
2199 | is to use the same setting as case-fold-search. | |
2200 | ||
2201 | *** You can display additional output with M-x tags-apropos by setting | |
2202 | the new variable tags-apropos-additional-actions. | |
2203 | ||
2204 | If non-nil, the variable's value should be a list of triples (TITLE | |
2205 | FUNCTION TO-SEARCH). For each triple, M-x tags-apropos processes | |
2206 | TO-SEARCH and lists tags from it. TO-SEARCH should be an alist, | |
2207 | obarray, or symbol. If it is a symbol, the symbol's value is used. | |
2208 | ||
2209 | TITLE is a string to use to label the list of tags from TO-SEARCH. | |
2210 | ||
2211 | FUNCTION is a function to call when an entry is selected in the Tags | |
2212 | List buffer. It is called with one argument, the selected symbol. | |
2213 | ||
2214 | A useful example value for this variable might be something like: | |
2215 | ||
2216 | '(("Emacs Lisp" Info-goto-emacs-command-node obarray) | |
2217 | ("Common Lisp" common-lisp-hyperspec common-lisp-hyperspec-obarray) | |
2218 | ("SCWM" scwm-documentation scwm-obarray)) | |
2219 | ||
2220 | *** The face tags-tag-face can be used to customize the appearance | |
2221 | of tags in the output of M-x tags-apropos. | |
2222 | ||
2223 | *** Setting tags-apropos-verbose to a non-nil value displays the | |
2224 | names of tags files in the *Tags List* buffer. | |
2225 | ||
2226 | *** You can now search for tags that are part of the filename itself. | |
2227 | If you have tagged the files topfile.c subdir/subfile.c | |
2228 | /tmp/tempfile.c, you can now search for tags "topfile.c", "subfile.c", | |
2229 | "dir/sub", "tempfile", "tempfile.c". If the tag matches the file name, | |
2230 | point will go to the beginning of the file. | |
2231 | ||
2232 | *** Compressed files are now transparently supported if | |
2233 | auto-compression-mode is active. You can tag (with Etags) and search | |
2234 | (with find-tag) both compressed and uncompressed files. | |
2235 | ||
2236 | *** Tags commands like M-x tags-search no longer change point | |
2237 | in buffers where no match is found. In buffers where a match is | |
2238 | found, the original value of point is pushed on the marker ring. | |
2239 | ||
2240 | ** Fortran mode has a new command `fortran-strip-sequence-nos' to | |
2241 | remove text past column 72. The syntax class of `\' in Fortran is now | |
2242 | appropriate for C-style escape sequences in strings. | |
2243 | ||
2244 | ** SGML mode's default `sgml-validate-command' is now `nsgmls'. | |
2245 | ||
2246 | ** A new command `view-emacs-problems' (C-h P) displays the PROBLEMS file. | |
2247 | ||
2248 | ** The Dabbrev package has a new user-option `dabbrev-ignored-regexps' | |
2249 | containing a list of regular expressions. Buffers matching a regular | |
2250 | expression from that list, are not checked. | |
2251 | ||
2252 | ** Emacs can now figure out modification times of remote files. | |
2253 | When you do C-x C-f /user@host:/path/file RET and edit the file, | |
2254 | and someone else modifies the file, you will be prompted to revert | |
2255 | the buffer, just like for the local files. | |
2256 | ||
2257 | ** The buffer menu (C-x C-b) no longer lists the *Buffer List* buffer. | |
2258 | ||
2259 | ** When invoked with a prefix argument, the command `list-abbrevs' now | |
2260 | displays local abbrevs, only. | |
2261 | ||
2262 | ** Refill minor mode provides preliminary support for keeping | |
2263 | paragraphs filled as you modify them. | |
2264 | ||
2265 | ** The variable `double-click-fuzz' specifies how much the mouse | |
2266 | may be moved between clicks that are recognized as a pair. Its value | |
2267 | is measured in pixels. | |
2268 | ||
2269 | ** The new global minor mode `auto-image-file-mode' allows image files | |
2270 | to be visited as images. | |
2271 | ||
2272 | ** Two new user-options `grep-command' and `grep-find-command' | |
2273 | were added to compile.el. | |
2274 | ||
2275 | ** Withdrawn packages | |
2276 | ||
2277 | *** mldrag.el has been removed. mouse.el provides the same | |
2278 | functionality with aliases for the mldrag functions. | |
2279 | ||
2280 | *** eval-reg.el has been obsoleted by changes to edebug.el and removed. | |
2281 | ||
2282 | *** ph.el has been obsoleted by EUDC and removed. | |
2283 | ||
2284 | \f | |
2285 | * Incompatible Lisp changes in 21.1 | |
2286 | ||
2287 | There are a few Lisp changes which are not backwards-compatible and | |
2288 | may require changes to existing code. Here is a list for reference. | |
2289 | See the sections below for details. | |
2290 | ||
2291 | ** Since `format' preserves text properties, the idiom | |
2292 | `(format "%s" foo)' no longer works to copy and remove properties. | |
2293 | Use `copy-sequence' to copy the string, then use `set-text-properties' | |
2294 | to remove the properties of the copy. | |
2295 | ||
2296 | ** Since the `keymap' text property now has significance, some code | |
2297 | which uses both `local-map' and `keymap' properties (for portability) | |
2298 | may, for instance, give rise to duplicate menus when the keymaps from | |
2299 | these properties are active. | |
2300 | ||
2301 | ** The change in the treatment of non-ASCII characters in search | |
2302 | ranges may affect some code. | |
2303 | ||
2304 | ** A non-nil value for the LOCAL arg of add-hook makes the hook | |
2305 | buffer-local even if `make-local-hook' hasn't been called, which might | |
2306 | make a difference to some code. | |
2307 | ||
2308 | ** The new treatment of the minibuffer prompt might affect code which | |
2309 | operates on the minibuffer. | |
2310 | ||
2311 | ** The new character sets `eight-bit-control' and `eight-bit-graphic' | |
2312 | cause `no-conversion' and `emacs-mule-unix' coding systems to produce | |
2313 | different results when reading files with non-ASCII characters | |
2314 | (previously, both coding systems would produce the same results). | |
2315 | Specifically, `no-conversion' interprets each 8-bit byte as a separate | |
2316 | character. This makes `no-conversion' inappropriate for reading | |
2317 | multibyte text, e.g. buffers written to disk in their internal MULE | |
2318 | encoding (auto-saving does that, for example). If a Lisp program | |
2319 | reads such files with `no-conversion', each byte of the multibyte | |
2320 | sequence, including the MULE leading codes such as \201, is treated as | |
2321 | a separate character, which prevents them from being interpreted in | |
2322 | the buffer as multibyte characters. | |
2323 | ||
2324 | Therefore, Lisp programs that read files which contain the internal | |
2325 | MULE encoding should use `emacs-mule-unix'. `no-conversion' is only | |
2326 | appropriate for reading truly binary files. | |
2327 | ||
2328 | ** Code that relies on the obsolete `before-change-function' and | |
2329 | `after-change-function' to detect buffer changes will now fail. Use | |
2330 | `before-change-functions' and `after-change-functions' instead. | |
2331 | ||
2332 | ** Code that uses `concat' with integer args now gets an error, as | |
2333 | long promised. So does any code that uses derivatives of `concat', | |
2334 | such as `mapconcat'. | |
2335 | ||
2336 | ** The function base64-decode-string now always returns a unibyte | |
2337 | string. | |
2338 | ||
2339 | ** Not a Lisp incompatibility as such but, with the introduction of | |
2340 | extra private charsets, there is now only one slot free for a new | |
2341 | dimension-2 private charset. User code which tries to add more than | |
2342 | one extra will fail unless you rebuild Emacs with some standard | |
2343 | charset(s) removed; that is probably inadvisable because it changes | |
2344 | the emacs-mule encoding. Also, files stored in the emacs-mule | |
2345 | encoding using Emacs 20 with additional private charsets defined will | |
2346 | probably not be read correctly by Emacs 21. | |
2347 | ||
2348 | ** The variable `directory-sep-char' is slated for removal. | |
2349 | Not really a change (yet), but a projected one that you should be | |
2350 | aware of: The variable `directory-sep-char' is deprecated, and should | |
2351 | not be used. It was always ignored on GNU/Linux and Unix systems and | |
2352 | on MS-DOS, but the MS-Windows port tried to support it by adapting the | |
2353 | behavior of certain primitives to the value of this variable. It | |
2354 | turned out that such support cannot be reliable, so it was decided to | |
2355 | remove this variable in the near future. Lisp programs are well | |
2356 | advised not to set it to anything but '/', because any different value | |
2357 | will not have any effect when support for this variable is removed. | |
2358 | ||
2359 | \f | |
2360 | * Lisp changes made after edition 2.6 of the Emacs Lisp Manual, | |
2361 | (Display-related features are described in a page of their own below.) | |
2362 | ||
2363 | ** Function assq-delete-all replaces function assoc-delete-all. | |
2364 | ||
2365 | ** The new function animate-string, from lisp/play/animate.el | |
2366 | allows the animated display of strings. | |
2367 | ||
2368 | ** The new function `interactive-form' can be used to obtain the | |
2369 | interactive form of a function. | |
2370 | ||
2371 | ** The keyword :set-after in defcustom allows to specify dependencies | |
2372 | between custom options. Example: | |
2373 | ||
2374 | (defcustom default-input-method nil | |
2375 | "*Default input method for multilingual text (a string). | |
2376 | This is the input method activated automatically by the command | |
2377 | `toggle-input-method' (\\[toggle-input-method])." | |
2378 | :group 'mule | |
2379 | :type '(choice (const nil) string) | |
2380 | :set-after '(current-language-environment)) | |
2381 | ||
2382 | This specifies that default-input-method should be set after | |
2383 | current-language-environment even if default-input-method appears | |
2384 | first in a custom-set-variables statement. | |
2385 | ||
2386 | ** The new hook `kbd-macro-termination-hook' is run at the end of | |
2387 | function execute-kbd-macro. Functions on this hook are called with no | |
2388 | args. The hook is run independent of how the macro was terminated | |
2389 | (signal or normal termination). | |
2390 | ||
2391 | ** Functions `butlast' and `nbutlast' for removing trailing elements | |
2392 | from a list are now available without requiring the CL package. | |
2393 | ||
2394 | ** The new user-option `even-window-heights' can be set to nil | |
2395 | to prevent `display-buffer' from evening out window heights. | |
2396 | ||
2397 | ** The user-option `face-font-registry-alternatives' specifies | |
2398 | alternative font registry names to try when looking for a font. | |
2399 | ||
2400 | ** Function `md5' calculates the MD5 "message digest"/"checksum". | |
2401 | ||
2402 | ** Function `delete-frame' runs `delete-frame-hook' before actually | |
2403 | deleting the frame. The hook is called with one arg, the frame | |
2404 | being deleted. | |
2405 | ||
2406 | ** `add-hook' now makes the hook local if called with a non-nil LOCAL arg. | |
2407 | ||
2408 | ** The treatment of non-ASCII characters in search ranges has changed. | |
2409 | If a range in a regular expression or the arg of | |
2410 | skip-chars-forward/backward starts with a unibyte character C and ends | |
2411 | with a multibyte character C2, the range is divided into two: one is | |
2412 | C..?\377, the other is C1..C2, where C1 is the first character of C2's | |
2413 | charset. | |
2414 | ||
2415 | ** The new function `display-message-or-buffer' displays a message in | |
2416 | the echo area or pops up a buffer, depending on the length of the | |
2417 | message. | |
2418 | ||
2419 | ** The new macro `with-auto-compression-mode' allows evaluating an | |
2420 | expression with auto-compression-mode enabled. | |
2421 | ||
2422 | ** In image specifications, `:heuristic-mask' has been replaced | |
2423 | with the more general `:mask' property. | |
2424 | ||
2425 | ** Image specifications accept more `:conversion's. | |
2426 | ||
2427 | ** A `?' can be used in a symbol name without escaping it with a | |
2428 | backslash. | |
2429 | ||
2430 | ** Reading from the mini-buffer now reads from standard input if Emacs | |
2431 | is running in batch mode. For example, | |
2432 | ||
2433 | (message "%s" (read t)) | |
2434 | ||
2435 | will read a Lisp expression from standard input and print the result | |
2436 | to standard output. | |
2437 | ||
2438 | ** The argument of `down-list', `backward-up-list', `up-list', | |
2439 | `kill-sexp', `backward-kill-sexp' and `mark-sexp' is now optional. | |
2440 | ||
2441 | ** If `display-buffer-reuse-frames' is set, function `display-buffer' | |
2442 | will raise frames displaying a buffer, instead of creating a new | |
2443 | frame or window. | |
2444 | ||
2445 | ** Two new functions for removing elements from lists/sequences | |
2446 | were added | |
2447 | ||
2448 | - Function: remove ELT SEQ | |
2449 | ||
2450 | Return a copy of SEQ with all occurrences of ELT removed. SEQ must be | |
2451 | a list, vector, or string. The comparison is done with `equal'. | |
2452 | ||
2453 | - Function: remq ELT LIST | |
2454 | ||
2455 | Return a copy of LIST with all occurrences of ELT removed. The | |
2456 | comparison is done with `eq'. | |
2457 | ||
2458 | ** The function `delete' now also works with vectors and strings. | |
2459 | ||
2460 | ** The meaning of the `:weakness WEAK' argument of make-hash-table | |
2461 | has been changed: WEAK can now have new values `key-or-value' and | |
2462 | `key-and-value', in addition to `nil', `key', `value', and `t'. | |
2463 | ||
2464 | ** Function `aset' stores any multibyte character in any string | |
2465 | without signaling "Attempt to change char length of a string". It may | |
2466 | convert a unibyte string to multibyte if necessary. | |
2467 | ||
2468 | ** The value of the `help-echo' text property is called as a function | |
2469 | or evaluated, if it is not a string already, to obtain a help string. | |
2470 | ||
2471 | ** Function `make-obsolete' now has an optional arg to say when the | |
2472 | function was declared obsolete. | |
2473 | ||
2474 | ** Function `plist-member' is renamed from `widget-plist-member' (which is | |
2475 | retained as an alias). | |
2476 | ||
2477 | ** Easy-menu's :filter now takes the unconverted form of the menu and | |
2478 | the result is automatically converted to Emacs' form. | |
2479 | ||
2480 | ** The new function `window-list' has been defined | |
2481 | ||
2482 | - Function: window-list &optional FRAME WINDOW MINIBUF | |
2483 | ||
2484 | Return a list of windows on FRAME, starting with WINDOW. FRAME nil or | |
2485 | omitted means use the selected frame. WINDOW nil or omitted means use | |
2486 | the selected window. MINIBUF t means include the minibuffer window, | |
2487 | even if it isn't active. MINIBUF nil or omitted means include the | |
2488 | minibuffer window only if it's active. MINIBUF neither nil nor t | |
2489 | means never include the minibuffer window. | |
2490 | ||
2491 | ** There's a new function `get-window-with-predicate' defined as follows | |
2492 | ||
2493 | - Function: get-window-with-predicate PREDICATE &optional MINIBUF ALL-FRAMES DEFAULT | |
2494 | ||
2495 | Return a window satisfying PREDICATE. | |
2496 | ||
2497 | This function cycles through all visible windows using `walk-windows', | |
2498 | calling PREDICATE on each one. PREDICATE is called with a window as | |
2499 | argument. The first window for which PREDICATE returns a non-nil | |
2500 | value is returned. If no window satisfies PREDICATE, DEFAULT is | |
2501 | returned. | |
2502 | ||
2503 | Optional second arg MINIBUF t means count the minibuffer window even | |
d95b32a4 | 2504 | if not active. MINIBUF nil or omitted means count the minibuffer if |
9a21d88b KS |
2505 | it is active. MINIBUF neither t nor nil means not to count the |
2506 | minibuffer even if it is active. | |
2507 | ||
2508 | Several frames may share a single minibuffer; if the minibuffer | |
2509 | counts, all windows on all frames that share that minibuffer count | |
2510 | too. Therefore, if you are using a separate minibuffer frame | |
2511 | and the minibuffer is active and MINIBUF says it counts, | |
2512 | `walk-windows' includes the windows in the frame from which you | |
2513 | entered the minibuffer, as well as the minibuffer window. | |
2514 | ||
2515 | ALL-FRAMES is the optional third argument. | |
2516 | ALL-FRAMES nil or omitted means cycle within the frames as specified above. | |
2517 | ALL-FRAMES = `visible' means include windows on all visible frames. | |
2518 | ALL-FRAMES = 0 means include windows on all visible and iconified frames. | |
2519 | ALL-FRAMES = t means include windows on all frames including invisible frames. | |
2520 | If ALL-FRAMES is a frame, it means include windows on that frame. | |
2521 | Anything else means restrict to the selected frame. | |
2522 | ||
2523 | ** The function `single-key-description' now encloses function key and | |
2524 | event names in angle brackets. When called with a second optional | |
2525 | argument non-nil, angle brackets won't be printed. | |
2526 | ||
2527 | ** If the variable `message-truncate-lines' is bound to t around a | |
2528 | call to `message', the echo area will not be resized to display that | |
2529 | message; it will be truncated instead, as it was done in 20.x. | |
2530 | Default value is nil. | |
2531 | ||
2532 | ** The user option `line-number-display-limit' can now be set to nil, | |
2533 | meaning no limit. | |
2534 | ||
2535 | ** The new user option `line-number-display-limit-width' controls | |
2536 | the maximum width of lines in a buffer for which Emacs displays line | |
2537 | numbers in the mode line. The default is 200. | |
2538 | ||
2539 | ** `select-safe-coding-system' now also checks the most preferred | |
2540 | coding-system if buffer-file-coding-system is `undecided' and | |
2541 | DEFAULT-CODING-SYSTEM is not specified, | |
2542 | ||
2543 | ** The function `subr-arity' provides information about the argument | |
2544 | list of a primitive. | |
2545 | ||
2546 | ** `where-is-internal' now also accepts a list of keymaps. | |
2547 | ||
2548 | ** The text property `keymap' specifies a key map which overrides the | |
2549 | buffer's local map and the map specified by the `local-map' property. | |
2550 | This is probably what most current uses of `local-map' want, rather | |
2551 | than replacing the local map. | |
2552 | ||
2553 | ** The obsolete variables `before-change-function' and | |
2554 | `after-change-function' are no longer acted upon and have been | |
2555 | removed. Use `before-change-functions' and `after-change-functions' | |
2556 | instead. | |
2557 | ||
2558 | ** The function `apropos-mode' runs the hook `apropos-mode-hook'. | |
2559 | ||
2560 | ** `concat' no longer accepts individual integer arguments, | |
2561 | as promised long ago. | |
2562 | ||
2563 | ** The new function `float-time' returns the current time as a float. | |
2564 | ||
2565 | ** The new variable auto-coding-regexp-alist specifies coding systems | |
2566 | for reading specific files, analogous to auto-coding-alist, but | |
2567 | patterns are checked against file contents instead of file names. | |
2568 | ||
2569 | \f | |
2570 | * Lisp changes in Emacs 21.1 (see following page for display-related features) | |
2571 | ||
2572 | ** The new package rx.el provides an alternative sexp notation for | |
2573 | regular expressions. | |
2574 | ||
2575 | - Function: rx-to-string SEXP | |
2576 | ||
2577 | Translate SEXP into a regular expression in string notation. | |
2578 | ||
2579 | - Macro: rx SEXP | |
2580 | ||
2581 | Translate SEXP into a regular expression in string notation. | |
2582 | ||
2583 | The following are valid subforms of regular expressions in sexp | |
2584 | notation. | |
2585 | ||
2586 | STRING | |
2587 | matches string STRING literally. | |
2588 | ||
2589 | CHAR | |
2590 | matches character CHAR literally. | |
2591 | ||
2592 | `not-newline' | |
2593 | matches any character except a newline. | |
2594 | . | |
2595 | `anything' | |
2596 | matches any character | |
2597 | ||
2598 | `(any SET)' | |
2599 | matches any character in SET. SET may be a character or string. | |
2600 | Ranges of characters can be specified as `A-Z' in strings. | |
2601 | ||
2602 | '(in SET)' | |
2603 | like `any'. | |
2604 | ||
2605 | `(not (any SET))' | |
2606 | matches any character not in SET | |
2607 | ||
2608 | `line-start' | |
2609 | matches the empty string, but only at the beginning of a line | |
2610 | in the text being matched | |
2611 | ||
2612 | `line-end' | |
2613 | is similar to `line-start' but matches only at the end of a line | |
2614 | ||
2615 | `string-start' | |
2616 | matches the empty string, but only at the beginning of the | |
2617 | string being matched against. | |
2618 | ||
2619 | `string-end' | |
2620 | matches the empty string, but only at the end of the | |
2621 | string being matched against. | |
2622 | ||
2623 | `buffer-start' | |
2624 | matches the empty string, but only at the beginning of the | |
2625 | buffer being matched against. | |
2626 | ||
2627 | `buffer-end' | |
2628 | matches the empty string, but only at the end of the | |
2629 | buffer being matched against. | |
2630 | ||
2631 | `point' | |
2632 | matches the empty string, but only at point. | |
2633 | ||
2634 | `word-start' | |
2635 | matches the empty string, but only at the beginning or end of a | |
2636 | word. | |
2637 | ||
2638 | `word-end' | |
2639 | matches the empty string, but only at the end of a word. | |
2640 | ||
2641 | `word-boundary' | |
2642 | matches the empty string, but only at the beginning or end of a | |
2643 | word. | |
2644 | ||
2645 | `(not word-boundary)' | |
2646 | matches the empty string, but not at the beginning or end of a | |
2647 | word. | |
2648 | ||
2649 | `digit' | |
2650 | matches 0 through 9. | |
2651 | ||
2652 | `control' | |
2653 | matches ASCII control characters. | |
2654 | ||
2655 | `hex-digit' | |
2656 | matches 0 through 9, a through f and A through F. | |
2657 | ||
2658 | `blank' | |
2659 | matches space and tab only. | |
2660 | ||
2661 | `graphic' | |
2662 | matches graphic characters--everything except ASCII control chars, | |
2663 | space, and DEL. | |
2664 | ||
2665 | `printing' | |
2666 | matches printing characters--everything except ASCII control chars | |
2667 | and DEL. | |
2668 | ||
2669 | `alphanumeric' | |
2670 | matches letters and digits. (But at present, for multibyte characters, | |
2671 | it matches anything that has word syntax.) | |
2672 | ||
2673 | `letter' | |
2674 | matches letters. (But at present, for multibyte characters, | |
2675 | it matches anything that has word syntax.) | |
2676 | ||
2677 | `ascii' | |
2678 | matches ASCII (unibyte) characters. | |
2679 | ||
2680 | `nonascii' | |
2681 | matches non-ASCII (multibyte) characters. | |
2682 | ||
2683 | `lower' | |
2684 | matches anything lower-case. | |
2685 | ||
2686 | `upper' | |
2687 | matches anything upper-case. | |
2688 | ||
2689 | `punctuation' | |
2690 | matches punctuation. (But at present, for multibyte characters, | |
2691 | it matches anything that has non-word syntax.) | |
2692 | ||
2693 | `space' | |
2694 | matches anything that has whitespace syntax. | |
2695 | ||
2696 | `word' | |
2697 | matches anything that has word syntax. | |
2698 | ||
2699 | `(syntax SYNTAX)' | |
2700 | matches a character with syntax SYNTAX. SYNTAX must be one | |
2701 | of the following symbols. | |
2702 | ||
2703 | `whitespace' (\\s- in string notation) | |
2704 | `punctuation' (\\s.) | |
2705 | `word' (\\sw) | |
2706 | `symbol' (\\s_) | |
2707 | `open-parenthesis' (\\s() | |
2708 | `close-parenthesis' (\\s)) | |
2709 | `expression-prefix' (\\s') | |
2710 | `string-quote' (\\s\") | |
2711 | `paired-delimiter' (\\s$) | |
2712 | `escape' (\\s\\) | |
2713 | `character-quote' (\\s/) | |
2714 | `comment-start' (\\s<) | |
2715 | `comment-end' (\\s>) | |
2716 | ||
2717 | `(not (syntax SYNTAX))' | |
2718 | matches a character that has not syntax SYNTAX. | |
2719 | ||
2720 | `(category CATEGORY)' | |
2721 | matches a character with category CATEGORY. CATEGORY must be | |
2722 | either a character to use for C, or one of the following symbols. | |
2723 | ||
2724 | `consonant' (\\c0 in string notation) | |
2725 | `base-vowel' (\\c1) | |
2726 | `upper-diacritical-mark' (\\c2) | |
2727 | `lower-diacritical-mark' (\\c3) | |
2728 | `tone-mark' (\\c4) | |
2729 | `symbol' (\\c5) | |
2730 | `digit' (\\c6) | |
2731 | `vowel-modifying-diacritical-mark' (\\c7) | |
2732 | `vowel-sign' (\\c8) | |
2733 | `semivowel-lower' (\\c9) | |
2734 | `not-at-end-of-line' (\\c<) | |
2735 | `not-at-beginning-of-line' (\\c>) | |
2736 | `alpha-numeric-two-byte' (\\cA) | |
2737 | `chinse-two-byte' (\\cC) | |
2738 | `greek-two-byte' (\\cG) | |
2739 | `japanese-hiragana-two-byte' (\\cH) | |
2740 | `indian-two-byte' (\\cI) | |
2741 | `japanese-katakana-two-byte' (\\cK) | |
2742 | `korean-hangul-two-byte' (\\cN) | |
2743 | `cyrillic-two-byte' (\\cY) | |
2744 | `ascii' (\\ca) | |
2745 | `arabic' (\\cb) | |
2746 | `chinese' (\\cc) | |
2747 | `ethiopic' (\\ce) | |
2748 | `greek' (\\cg) | |
2749 | `korean' (\\ch) | |
2750 | `indian' (\\ci) | |
2751 | `japanese' (\\cj) | |
2752 | `japanese-katakana' (\\ck) | |
2753 | `latin' (\\cl) | |
2754 | `lao' (\\co) | |
2755 | `tibetan' (\\cq) | |
2756 | `japanese-roman' (\\cr) | |
2757 | `thai' (\\ct) | |
2758 | `vietnamese' (\\cv) | |
2759 | `hebrew' (\\cw) | |
2760 | `cyrillic' (\\cy) | |
2761 | `can-break' (\\c|) | |
2762 | ||
2763 | `(not (category CATEGORY))' | |
2764 | matches a character that has not category CATEGORY. | |
2765 | ||
2766 | `(and SEXP1 SEXP2 ...)' | |
2767 | matches what SEXP1 matches, followed by what SEXP2 matches, etc. | |
2768 | ||
2769 | `(submatch SEXP1 SEXP2 ...)' | |
2770 | like `and', but makes the match accessible with `match-end', | |
2771 | `match-beginning', and `match-string'. | |
2772 | ||
2773 | `(group SEXP1 SEXP2 ...)' | |
2774 | another name for `submatch'. | |
2775 | ||
2776 | `(or SEXP1 SEXP2 ...)' | |
2777 | matches anything that matches SEXP1 or SEXP2, etc. If all | |
2778 | args are strings, use `regexp-opt' to optimize the resulting | |
2779 | regular expression. | |
2780 | ||
2781 | `(minimal-match SEXP)' | |
2782 | produce a non-greedy regexp for SEXP. Normally, regexps matching | |
2783 | zero or more occurrences of something are \"greedy\" in that they | |
2784 | match as much as they can, as long as the overall regexp can | |
2785 | still match. A non-greedy regexp matches as little as possible. | |
2786 | ||
2787 | `(maximal-match SEXP)' | |
2788 | produce a greedy regexp for SEXP. This is the default. | |
2789 | ||
2790 | `(zero-or-more SEXP)' | |
2791 | matches zero or more occurrences of what SEXP matches. | |
2792 | ||
2793 | `(0+ SEXP)' | |
2794 | like `zero-or-more'. | |
2795 | ||
2796 | `(* SEXP)' | |
2797 | like `zero-or-more', but always produces a greedy regexp. | |
2798 | ||
2799 | `(*? SEXP)' | |
2800 | like `zero-or-more', but always produces a non-greedy regexp. | |
2801 | ||
2802 | `(one-or-more SEXP)' | |
2803 | matches one or more occurrences of A. | |
2804 | ||
2805 | `(1+ SEXP)' | |
2806 | like `one-or-more'. | |
2807 | ||
2808 | `(+ SEXP)' | |
2809 | like `one-or-more', but always produces a greedy regexp. | |
2810 | ||
2811 | `(+? SEXP)' | |
2812 | like `one-or-more', but always produces a non-greedy regexp. | |
2813 | ||
2814 | `(zero-or-one SEXP)' | |
2815 | matches zero or one occurrences of A. | |
2816 | ||
2817 | `(optional SEXP)' | |
2818 | like `zero-or-one'. | |
2819 | ||
2820 | `(? SEXP)' | |
2821 | like `zero-or-one', but always produces a greedy regexp. | |
2822 | ||
2823 | `(?? SEXP)' | |
2824 | like `zero-or-one', but always produces a non-greedy regexp. | |
2825 | ||
2826 | `(repeat N SEXP)' | |
2827 | matches N occurrences of what SEXP matches. | |
2828 | ||
2829 | `(repeat N M SEXP)' | |
2830 | matches N to M occurrences of what SEXP matches. | |
2831 | ||
2832 | `(eval FORM)' | |
2833 | evaluate FORM and insert result. If result is a string, | |
2834 | `regexp-quote' it. | |
2835 | ||
2836 | `(regexp REGEXP)' | |
2837 | include REGEXP in string notation in the result. | |
2838 | ||
2839 | *** The features `md5' and `overlay' are now provided by default. | |
2840 | ||
2841 | *** The special form `save-restriction' now works correctly even if the | |
2842 | buffer is widened inside the save-restriction and changes made outside | |
2843 | the original restriction. Previously, doing this would cause the saved | |
2844 | restriction to be restored incorrectly. | |
2845 | ||
2846 | *** The functions `find-charset-region' and `find-charset-string' include | |
2847 | `eight-bit-control' and/or `eight-bit-graphic' in the returned list | |
2848 | when they find 8-bit characters. Previously, they included `ascii' in a | |
2849 | multibyte buffer and `unknown' in a unibyte buffer. | |
2850 | ||
2851 | *** The functions `set-buffer-multibyte', `string-as-multibyte' and | |
2852 | `string-as-unibyte' change the byte sequence of a buffer or a string | |
2853 | if it contains a character from the `eight-bit-control' character set. | |
2854 | ||
2855 | *** The handling of multibyte sequences in a multibyte buffer is | |
2856 | changed. Previously, a byte sequence matching the pattern | |
2857 | [\200-\237][\240-\377]+ was interpreted as a single character | |
2858 | regardless of the length of the trailing bytes [\240-\377]+. Thus, if | |
2859 | the sequence was longer than what the leading byte indicated, the | |
2860 | extra trailing bytes were ignored by Lisp functions. Now such extra | |
2861 | bytes are independent 8-bit characters belonging to the charset | |
2862 | eight-bit-graphic. | |
2863 | ||
2864 | ** Fontsets are now implemented using char-tables. | |
2865 | ||
2866 | A fontset can now be specified for each independent character, for | |
2867 | a group of characters or for a character set rather than just for a | |
2868 | character set as previously. | |
2869 | ||
2870 | *** The arguments of the function `set-fontset-font' are changed. | |
2871 | They are NAME, CHARACTER, FONTNAME, and optional FRAME. The function | |
2872 | modifies fontset NAME to use FONTNAME for CHARACTER. | |
2873 | ||
2874 | CHARACTER may be a cons (FROM . TO), where FROM and TO are non-generic | |
2875 | characters. In that case FONTNAME is used for all characters in the | |
2876 | range FROM and TO (inclusive). CHARACTER may be a charset. In that | |
2877 | case FONTNAME is used for all character in the charset. | |
2878 | ||
2879 | FONTNAME may be a cons (FAMILY . REGISTRY), where FAMILY is the family | |
2880 | name of a font and REGISTRY is a registry name of a font. | |
2881 | ||
2882 | *** Variable x-charset-registry has been deleted. The default charset | |
2883 | registries of character sets are set in the default fontset | |
2884 | "fontset-default". | |
2885 | ||
2886 | *** The function `create-fontset-from-fontset-spec' ignores the second | |
2887 | argument STYLE-VARIANT. It never creates style-variant fontsets. | |
2888 | ||
2889 | ** The method of composing characters is changed. Now character | |
2890 | composition is done by a special text property `composition' in | |
2891 | buffers and strings. | |
2892 | ||
2893 | *** Charset composition is deleted. Emacs never creates a `composite | |
2894 | character' which is an independent character with a unique character | |
2895 | code. Thus the following functions handling `composite characters' | |
2896 | have been deleted: composite-char-component, | |
2897 | composite-char-component-count, composite-char-composition-rule, | |
2898 | composite-char-composition-rule and decompose-composite-char delete. | |
2899 | The variables leading-code-composition and min-composite-char have | |
2900 | also been deleted. | |
2901 | ||
2902 | *** Three more glyph reference points are added. They can be used to | |
2903 | specify a composition rule. See the documentation of the variable | |
2904 | `reference-point-alist' for more detail. | |
2905 | ||
2906 | *** The function `compose-region' takes new arguments COMPONENTS and | |
2907 | MODIFICATION-FUNC. With COMPONENTS, you can specify not only a | |
2908 | composition rule but also characters to be composed. Such characters | |
2909 | may differ between buffer and string text. | |
2910 | ||
2911 | *** The function `compose-string' takes new arguments START, END, | |
2912 | COMPONENTS, and MODIFICATION-FUNC. | |
2913 | ||
2914 | *** The function `compose-string' puts text property `composition' | |
2915 | directly on the argument STRING instead of returning a new string. | |
2916 | Likewise, the function `decompose-string' just removes text property | |
2917 | `composition' from STRING. | |
2918 | ||
2919 | *** The new function `find-composition' returns information about | |
2920 | a composition at a specified position in a buffer or a string. | |
2921 | ||
2922 | *** The function `decompose-composite-char' is now labeled as | |
2923 | obsolete. | |
2924 | ||
2925 | ** The new coding system `mac-roman' is primarily intended for use on | |
2926 | the Macintosh but may be used generally for Macintosh-encoded text. | |
2927 | ||
2928 | ** The new character sets `mule-unicode-0100-24ff', | |
2929 | `mule-unicode-2500-33ff', and `mule-unicode-e000-ffff' have been | |
2930 | introduced for Unicode characters in the range U+0100..U+24FF, | |
2931 | U+2500..U+33FF, U+E000..U+FFFF respectively. | |
2932 | ||
2933 | Note that the character sets are not yet unified in Emacs, so | |
2934 | characters which belong to charsets such as Latin-2, Greek, Hebrew, | |
2935 | etc. and the same characters in the `mule-unicode-*' charsets are | |
2936 | different characters, as far as Emacs is concerned. For example, text | |
2937 | which includes Unicode characters from the Latin-2 locale cannot be | |
2938 | encoded by Emacs with ISO 8859-2 coding system. | |
2939 | ||
2940 | ** The new coding system `mule-utf-8' has been added. | |
2941 | It provides limited support for decoding/encoding UTF-8 text. For | |
2942 | details, please see the documentation string of this coding system. | |
2943 | ||
2944 | ** The new character sets `japanese-jisx0213-1' and | |
2945 | `japanese-jisx0213-2' have been introduced for the new Japanese | |
2946 | standard JIS X 0213 Plane 1 and Plane 2. | |
2947 | ||
2948 | ** The new character sets `latin-iso8859-14' and `latin-iso8859-15' | |
2949 | have been introduced. | |
2950 | ||
2951 | ** The new character sets `eight-bit-control' and `eight-bit-graphic' | |
2952 | have been introduced for 8-bit characters in the ranges 0x80..0x9F and | |
2953 | 0xA0..0xFF respectively. Note that the multibyte representation of | |
2954 | eight-bit-control is never exposed; this leads to an exception in the | |
2955 | emacs-mule coding system, which encodes everything else to the | |
2956 | buffer/string internal representation. Note that to search for | |
2957 | eight-bit-graphic characters in a multibyte buffer, the search string | |
2958 | must be multibyte, otherwise such characters will be converted to | |
2959 | their multibyte equivalent. | |
2960 | ||
2961 | ** If the APPEND argument of `write-region' is an integer, it seeks to | |
2962 | that offset in the file before writing. | |
2963 | ||
2964 | ** The function `add-minor-mode' has been added for convenience and | |
2965 | compatibility with XEmacs (and is used internally by define-minor-mode). | |
2966 | ||
2967 | ** The function `shell-command' now sets the default directory of the | |
2968 | `*Shell Command Output*' buffer to the default directory of the buffer | |
2969 | from which the command was issued. | |
2970 | ||
2971 | ** The functions `query-replace', `query-replace-regexp', | |
2972 | `query-replace-regexp-eval' `map-query-replace-regexp', | |
2973 | `replace-string', `replace-regexp', and `perform-replace' take two | |
2974 | additional optional arguments START and END that specify the region to | |
2975 | operate on. | |
2976 | ||
2977 | ** The new function `count-screen-lines' is a more flexible alternative | |
2978 | to `window-buffer-height'. | |
2979 | ||
2980 | - Function: count-screen-lines &optional BEG END COUNT-FINAL-NEWLINE WINDOW | |
2981 | ||
2982 | Return the number of screen lines in the region between BEG and END. | |
2983 | The number of screen lines may be different from the number of actual | |
2984 | lines, due to line breaking, display table, etc. | |
2985 | ||
2986 | Optional arguments BEG and END default to `point-min' and `point-max' | |
2987 | respectively. | |
2988 | ||
2989 | If region ends with a newline, ignore it unless optional third argument | |
2990 | COUNT-FINAL-NEWLINE is non-nil. | |
2991 | ||
2992 | The optional fourth argument WINDOW specifies the window used for | |
2993 | obtaining parameters such as width, horizontal scrolling, and so | |
2994 | on. The default is to use the selected window's parameters. | |
2995 | ||
2996 | Like `vertical-motion', `count-screen-lines' always uses the current | |
2997 | buffer, regardless of which buffer is displayed in WINDOW. This makes | |
2998 | possible to use `count-screen-lines' in any buffer, whether or not it | |
2999 | is currently displayed in some window. | |
3000 | ||
3001 | ** The new function `mapc' is like `mapcar' but doesn't collect the | |
3002 | argument function's results. | |
3003 | ||
3004 | ** The functions base64-decode-region and base64-decode-string now | |
3005 | signal an error instead of returning nil if decoding fails. Also, | |
3006 | `base64-decode-string' now always returns a unibyte string (in Emacs | |
3007 | 20, it returned a multibyte string when the result was a valid multibyte | |
3008 | sequence). | |
3009 | ||
3010 | ** The function sendmail-user-agent-compose now recognizes a `body' | |
3011 | header in the list of headers passed to it. | |
3012 | ||
3013 | ** The new function member-ignore-case works like `member', but | |
3014 | ignores differences in case and text representation. | |
3015 | ||
3016 | ** The buffer-local variable cursor-type can be used to specify the | |
3017 | cursor to use in windows displaying a buffer. Values are interpreted | |
3018 | as follows: | |
3019 | ||
3020 | t use the cursor specified for the frame (default) | |
3021 | nil don't display a cursor | |
3022 | `bar' display a bar cursor with default width | |
3023 | (bar . WIDTH) display a bar cursor with width WIDTH | |
3024 | others display a box cursor. | |
3025 | ||
3026 | ** The variable open-paren-in-column-0-is-defun-start controls whether | |
3027 | an open parenthesis in column 0 is considered to be the start of a | |
3028 | defun. If set, the default, it is considered a defun start. If not | |
3029 | set, an open parenthesis in column 0 has no special meaning. | |
3030 | ||
3031 | ** The new function `string-to-syntax' can be used to translate syntax | |
3032 | specifications in string form as accepted by `modify-syntax-entry' to | |
3033 | the cons-cell form that is used for the values of the `syntax-table' | |
3034 | text property, and in `font-lock-syntactic-keywords'. | |
3035 | ||
3036 | Example: | |
3037 | ||
3038 | (string-to-syntax "()") | |
3039 | => (4 . 41) | |
3040 | ||
3041 | ** Emacs' reader supports CL read syntax for integers in bases | |
3042 | other than 10. | |
3043 | ||
3044 | *** `#BINTEGER' or `#bINTEGER' reads INTEGER in binary (radix 2). | |
3045 | INTEGER optionally contains a sign. | |
3046 | ||
3047 | #b1111 | |
3048 | => 15 | |
3049 | #b-1111 | |
3050 | => -15 | |
3051 | ||
3052 | *** `#OINTEGER' or `#oINTEGER' reads INTEGER in octal (radix 8). | |
3053 | ||
3054 | #o666 | |
3055 | => 438 | |
3056 | ||
3057 | *** `#XINTEGER' or `#xINTEGER' reads INTEGER in hexadecimal (radix 16). | |
3058 | ||
3059 | #xbeef | |
3060 | => 48815 | |
3061 | ||
3062 | *** `#RADIXrINTEGER' reads INTEGER in radix RADIX, 2 <= RADIX <= 36. | |
3063 | ||
3064 | #2R-111 | |
3065 | => -7 | |
3066 | #25rah | |
3067 | => 267 | |
3068 | ||
3069 | ** The function `documentation-property' now evaluates the value of | |
3070 | the given property to obtain a string if it doesn't refer to etc/DOC | |
3071 | and isn't a string. | |
3072 | ||
3073 | ** If called for a symbol, the function `documentation' now looks for | |
3074 | a `function-documentation' property of that symbol. If it has a non-nil | |
3075 | value, the documentation is taken from that value. If the value is | |
3076 | not a string, it is evaluated to obtain a string. | |
3077 | ||
3078 | ** The last argument of `define-key-after' defaults to t for convenience. | |
3079 | ||
3080 | ** The new function `replace-regexp-in-string' replaces all matches | |
3081 | for a regexp in a string. | |
3082 | ||
3083 | ** `mouse-position' now runs the abnormal hook | |
3084 | `mouse-position-function'. | |
3085 | ||
3086 | ** The function string-to-number now returns a float for numbers | |
3087 | that don't fit into a Lisp integer. | |
3088 | ||
3089 | ** The variable keyword-symbols-constants-flag has been removed. | |
3090 | Keywords are now always considered constants. | |
3091 | ||
3092 | ** The new function `delete-and-extract-region' deletes text and | |
3093 | returns it. | |
3094 | ||
3095 | ** The function `clear-this-command-keys' now also clears the vector | |
3096 | returned by function `recent-keys'. | |
3097 | ||
3098 | ** Variables `beginning-of-defun-function' and `end-of-defun-function' | |
3099 | can be used to define handlers for the functions that find defuns. | |
3100 | Major modes can define these locally instead of rebinding C-M-a | |
3101 | etc. if the normal conventions for defuns are not appropriate for the | |
3102 | mode. | |
3103 | ||
3104 | ** easy-mmode-define-minor-mode now takes an additional BODY argument | |
3105 | and is renamed `define-minor-mode'. | |
3106 | ||
3107 | ** If an abbrev has a hook function which is a symbol, and that symbol | |
3108 | has a non-nil `no-self-insert' property, the return value of the hook | |
3109 | function specifies whether an expansion has been done or not. If it | |
3110 | returns nil, abbrev-expand also returns nil, meaning "no expansion has | |
3111 | been performed." | |
3112 | ||
3113 | When abbrev expansion is done by typing a self-inserting character, | |
3114 | and the abbrev has a hook with the `no-self-insert' property, and the | |
3115 | hook function returns non-nil meaning expansion has been done, | |
3116 | then the self-inserting character is not inserted. | |
3117 | ||
3118 | ** The function `intern-soft' now accepts a symbol as first argument. | |
3119 | In this case, that exact symbol is looked up in the specified obarray, | |
3120 | and the function's value is nil if it is not found. | |
3121 | ||
3122 | ** The new macro `with-syntax-table' can be used to evaluate forms | |
3123 | with the syntax table of the current buffer temporarily set to a | |
3124 | specified table. | |
3125 | ||
3126 | (with-syntax-table TABLE &rest BODY) | |
3127 | ||
3128 | Evaluate BODY with syntax table of current buffer set to a copy of | |
3129 | TABLE. The current syntax table is saved, BODY is evaluated, and the | |
3130 | saved table is restored, even in case of an abnormal exit. Value is | |
3131 | what BODY returns. | |
3132 | ||
3133 | ** Regular expressions now support intervals \{n,m\} as well as | |
3134 | Perl's shy-groups \(?:...\) and non-greedy *? +? and ?? operators. | |
3135 | Also back-references like \2 are now considered as an error if the | |
3136 | corresponding subgroup does not exist (or is not closed yet). | |
3137 | Previously it would have been silently turned into `2' (ignoring the `\'). | |
3138 | ||
3139 | ** The optional argument BUFFER of function file-local-copy has been | |
3140 | removed since it wasn't used by anything. | |
3141 | ||
3142 | ** The file name argument of function `file-locked-p' is now required | |
3143 | instead of being optional. | |
3144 | ||
3145 | ** The new built-in error `text-read-only' is signaled when trying to | |
3146 | modify read-only text. | |
3147 | ||
3148 | ** New functions and variables for locales. | |
3149 | ||
3150 | The new variable `locale-coding-system' specifies how to encode and | |
3151 | decode strings passed to low-level message functions like strerror and | |
3152 | time functions like strftime. The new variables | |
3153 | `system-messages-locale' and `system-time-locale' give the system | |
3154 | locales to be used when invoking these two types of functions. | |
3155 | ||
3156 | The new function `set-locale-environment' sets the language | |
3157 | environment, preferred coding system, and locale coding system from | |
3158 | the system locale as specified by the LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, and LANG | |
3159 | environment variables. Normally, it is invoked during startup and need | |
3160 | not be invoked thereafter. It uses the new variables | |
3161 | `locale-language-names', `locale-charset-language-names', and | |
3162 | `locale-preferred-coding-systems' to make its decisions. | |
3163 | ||
3164 | ** syntax tables now understand nested comments. | |
3165 | To declare a comment syntax as allowing nesting, just add an `n' | |
3166 | modifier to either of the characters of the comment end and the comment | |
3167 | start sequences. | |
3168 | ||
3169 | ** The function `pixmap-spec-p' has been renamed `bitmap-spec-p' | |
3170 | because `bitmap' is more in line with the usual X terminology. | |
3171 | ||
3172 | ** New function `propertize' | |
3173 | ||
3174 | The new function `propertize' can be used to conveniently construct | |
3175 | strings with text properties. | |
3176 | ||
3177 | - Function: propertize STRING &rest PROPERTIES | |
3178 | ||
3179 | Value is a copy of STRING with text properties assigned as specified | |
3180 | by PROPERTIES. PROPERTIES is a sequence of pairs PROPERTY VALUE, with | |
3181 | PROPERTY being the name of a text property and VALUE being the | |
3182 | specified value of that property. Example: | |
3183 | ||
3184 | (propertize "foo" 'face 'bold 'read-only t) | |
3185 | ||
3186 | ** push and pop macros. | |
3187 | ||
3188 | Simple versions of the push and pop macros of Common Lisp | |
3189 | are now defined in Emacs Lisp. These macros allow only symbols | |
3190 | as the place that holds the list to be changed. | |
3191 | ||
3192 | (push NEWELT LISTNAME) add NEWELT to the front of LISTNAME's value. | |
3193 | (pop LISTNAME) return first elt of LISTNAME, and remove it | |
3194 | (thus altering the value of LISTNAME). | |
3195 | ||
3196 | ** New dolist and dotimes macros. | |
3197 | ||
3198 | Simple versions of the dolist and dotimes macros of Common Lisp | |
3199 | are now defined in Emacs Lisp. | |
3200 | ||
3201 | (dolist (VAR LIST [RESULT]) BODY...) | |
3202 | Execute body once for each element of LIST, | |
3203 | using the variable VAR to hold the current element. | |
3204 | Then return the value of RESULT, or nil if RESULT is omitted. | |
3205 | ||
3206 | (dotimes (VAR COUNT [RESULT]) BODY...) | |
3207 | Execute BODY with VAR bound to successive integers running from 0, | |
3208 | inclusive, to COUNT, exclusive. | |
3209 | Then return the value of RESULT, or nil if RESULT is omitted. | |
3210 | ||
3211 | ** Regular expressions now support Posix character classes such as | |
3212 | [:alpha:], [:space:] and so on. These must be used within a character | |
3213 | class--for instance, [-[:digit:].+] matches digits or a period | |
3214 | or a sign. | |
3215 | ||
3216 | [:digit:] matches 0 through 9 | |
3217 | [:cntrl:] matches ASCII control characters | |
3218 | [:xdigit:] matches 0 through 9, a through f and A through F. | |
3219 | [:blank:] matches space and tab only | |
3220 | [:graph:] matches graphic characters--everything except ASCII control chars, | |
3221 | space, and DEL. | |
3222 | [:print:] matches printing characters--everything except ASCII control chars | |
3223 | and DEL. | |
3224 | [:alnum:] matches letters and digits. | |
3225 | (But at present, for multibyte characters, | |
3226 | it matches anything that has word syntax.) | |
3227 | [:alpha:] matches letters. | |
3228 | (But at present, for multibyte characters, | |
3229 | it matches anything that has word syntax.) | |
3230 | [:ascii:] matches ASCII (unibyte) characters. | |
3231 | [:nonascii:] matches non-ASCII (multibyte) characters. | |
3232 | [:lower:] matches anything lower-case. | |
3233 | [:punct:] matches punctuation. | |
3234 | (But at present, for multibyte characters, | |
3235 | it matches anything that has non-word syntax.) | |
3236 | [:space:] matches anything that has whitespace syntax. | |
3237 | [:upper:] matches anything upper-case. | |
3238 | [:word:] matches anything that has word syntax. | |
3239 | ||
3240 | ** Emacs now has built-in hash tables. | |
3241 | ||
3242 | The following functions are defined for hash tables: | |
3243 | ||
3244 | - Function: make-hash-table ARGS | |
3245 | ||
3246 | The argument list ARGS consists of keyword/argument pairs. All arguments | |
3247 | are optional. The following arguments are defined: | |
3248 | ||
3249 | :test TEST | |
3250 | ||
3251 | TEST must be a symbol specifying how to compare keys. Default is `eql'. | |
3252 | Predefined are `eq', `eql' and `equal'. If TEST is not predefined, | |
3253 | it must have been defined with `define-hash-table-test'. | |
3254 | ||
3255 | :size SIZE | |
3256 | ||
3257 | SIZE must be an integer > 0 giving a hint to the implementation how | |
3258 | many elements will be put in the hash table. Default size is 65. | |
3259 | ||
3260 | :rehash-size REHASH-SIZE | |
3261 | ||
3262 | REHASH-SIZE specifies by how much to grow a hash table once it becomes | |
3263 | full. If REHASH-SIZE is an integer, add that to the hash table's old | |
3264 | size to get the new size. Otherwise, REHASH-SIZE must be a float > | |
3265 | 1.0, and the new size is computed by multiplying REHASH-SIZE with the | |
3266 | old size. Default rehash size is 1.5. | |
3267 | ||
3268 | :rehash-threshold THRESHOLD | |
3269 | ||
3270 | THRESHOLD must be a float > 0 and <= 1.0 specifying when to resize the | |
3271 | hash table. It is resized when the ratio of (number of entries) / | |
3272 | (size of hash table) is >= THRESHOLD. Default threshold is 0.8. | |
3273 | ||
3274 | :weakness WEAK | |
3275 | ||
3276 | WEAK must be either nil, one of the symbols `key, `value', | |
3277 | `key-or-value', `key-and-value', or t, meaning the same as | |
3278 | `key-and-value'. Entries are removed from weak tables during garbage | |
3279 | collection if their key and/or value are not referenced elsewhere | |
3280 | outside of the hash table. Default are non-weak hash tables. | |
3281 | ||
3282 | - Function: makehash &optional TEST | |
3283 | ||
3284 | Similar to make-hash-table, but only TEST can be specified. | |
3285 | ||
3286 | - Function: hash-table-p TABLE | |
3287 | ||
3288 | Returns non-nil if TABLE is a hash table object. | |
3289 | ||
3290 | - Function: copy-hash-table TABLE | |
3291 | ||
3292 | Returns a copy of TABLE. Only the table itself is copied, keys and | |
3293 | values are shared. | |
3294 | ||
3295 | - Function: hash-table-count TABLE | |
3296 | ||
3297 | Returns the number of entries in TABLE. | |
3298 | ||
3299 | - Function: hash-table-rehash-size TABLE | |
3300 | ||
3301 | Returns the rehash size of TABLE. | |
3302 | ||
3303 | - Function: hash-table-rehash-threshold TABLE | |
3304 | ||
3305 | Returns the rehash threshold of TABLE. | |
3306 | ||
3307 | - Function: hash-table-rehash-size TABLE | |
3308 | ||
3309 | Returns the size of TABLE. | |
3310 | ||
3311 | - Function: hash-table-test TABLE | |
3312 | ||
3313 | Returns the test TABLE uses to compare keys. | |
3314 | ||
3315 | - Function: hash-table-weakness TABLE | |
3316 | ||
3317 | Returns the weakness specified for TABLE. | |
3318 | ||
3319 | - Function: clrhash TABLE | |
3320 | ||
3321 | Clear TABLE. | |
3322 | ||
3323 | - Function: gethash KEY TABLE &optional DEFAULT | |
3324 | ||
3325 | Look up KEY in TABLE and return its associated VALUE or DEFAULT if | |
3326 | not found. | |
3327 | ||
3328 | - Function: puthash KEY VALUE TABLE | |
3329 | ||
3330 | Associate KEY with VALUE in TABLE. If KEY is already associated with | |
3331 | another value, replace the old value with VALUE. | |
3332 | ||
3333 | - Function: remhash KEY TABLE | |
3334 | ||
3335 | Remove KEY from TABLE if it is there. | |
3336 | ||
3337 | - Function: maphash FUNCTION TABLE | |
3338 | ||
3339 | Call FUNCTION for all elements in TABLE. FUNCTION must take two | |
3340 | arguments KEY and VALUE. | |
3341 | ||
3342 | - Function: sxhash OBJ | |
3343 | ||
3344 | Return a hash code for Lisp object OBJ. | |
3345 | ||
3346 | - Function: define-hash-table-test NAME TEST-FN HASH-FN | |
3347 | ||
3348 | Define a new hash table test named NAME. If NAME is specified as | |
3349 | a test in `make-hash-table', the table created will use TEST-FN for | |
3350 | comparing keys, and HASH-FN to compute hash codes for keys. Test | |
3351 | and hash function are stored as symbol property `hash-table-test' | |
3352 | of NAME with a value of (TEST-FN HASH-FN). | |
3353 | ||
3354 | TEST-FN must take two arguments and return non-nil if they are the same. | |
3355 | ||
3356 | HASH-FN must take one argument and return an integer that is the hash | |
3357 | code of the argument. The function should use the whole range of | |
3358 | integer values for hash code computation, including negative integers. | |
3359 | ||
3360 | Example: The following creates a hash table whose keys are supposed to | |
3361 | be strings that are compared case-insensitively. | |
3362 | ||
3363 | (defun case-fold-string= (a b) | |
3364 | (compare-strings a nil nil b nil nil t)) | |
3365 | ||
3366 | (defun case-fold-string-hash (a) | |
3367 | (sxhash (upcase a))) | |
3368 | ||
3369 | (define-hash-table-test 'case-fold 'case-fold-string= | |
3370 | 'case-fold-string-hash)) | |
3371 | ||
3372 | (make-hash-table :test 'case-fold) | |
3373 | ||
3374 | ** The Lisp reader handles circular structure. | |
3375 | ||
3376 | It now works to use the #N= and #N# constructs to represent | |
3377 | circular structures. For example, #1=(a . #1#) represents | |
3378 | a cons cell which is its own cdr. | |
3379 | ||
3380 | ** The Lisp printer handles circular structure. | |
3381 | ||
3382 | If you bind print-circle to a non-nil value, the Lisp printer outputs | |
3383 | #N= and #N# constructs to represent circular and shared structure. | |
3384 | ||
3385 | ** If the second argument to `move-to-column' is anything but nil or | |
3386 | t, that means replace a tab with spaces if necessary to reach the | |
3387 | specified column, but do not add spaces at the end of the line if it | |
3388 | is too short to reach that column. | |
3389 | ||
3390 | ** perform-replace has a new feature: the REPLACEMENTS argument may | |
3391 | now be a cons cell (FUNCTION . DATA). This means to call FUNCTION | |
3392 | after each match to get the replacement text. FUNCTION is called with | |
3393 | two arguments: DATA, and the number of replacements already made. | |
3394 | ||
3395 | If the FROM-STRING contains any upper-case letters, | |
3396 | perform-replace also turns off `case-fold-search' temporarily | |
3397 | and inserts the replacement text without altering case in it. | |
3398 | ||
3399 | ** The function buffer-size now accepts an optional argument | |
3400 | to specify which buffer to return the size of. | |
3401 | ||
3402 | ** The calendar motion commands now run the normal hook | |
3403 | calendar-move-hook after moving point. | |
3404 | ||
3405 | ** The new variable small-temporary-file-directory specifies a | |
3406 | directory to use for creating temporary files that are likely to be | |
3407 | small. (Certain Emacs features use this directory.) If | |
3408 | small-temporary-file-directory is nil, they use | |
3409 | temporary-file-directory instead. | |
3410 | ||
3411 | ** The variable `inhibit-modification-hooks', if non-nil, inhibits all | |
3412 | the hooks that track changes in the buffer. This affects | |
3413 | `before-change-functions' and `after-change-functions', as well as | |
3414 | hooks attached to text properties and overlay properties. | |
3415 | ||
3416 | ** assq-delete-all is a new function that deletes all the | |
3417 | elements of an alist which have a car `eq' to a particular value. | |
3418 | ||
3419 | ** make-temp-file provides a more reliable way to create a temporary file. | |
3420 | ||
3421 | make-temp-file is used like make-temp-name, except that it actually | |
3422 | creates the file before it returns. This prevents a timing error, | |
3423 | ensuring that no other job can use the same name for a temporary file. | |
3424 | ||
3425 | ** New exclusive-open feature in `write-region' | |
3426 | ||
3427 | The optional seventh arg is now called MUSTBENEW. If non-nil, it insists | |
3428 | on a check for an existing file with the same name. If MUSTBENEW | |
3429 | is `excl', that means to get an error if the file already exists; | |
3430 | never overwrite. If MUSTBENEW is neither nil nor `excl', that means | |
3431 | ask for confirmation before overwriting, but do go ahead and | |
3432 | overwrite the file if the user gives confirmation. | |
3433 | ||
3434 | If the MUSTBENEW argument in `write-region' is `excl', | |
3435 | that means to use a special feature in the `open' system call | |
3436 | to get an error if the file exists at that time. | |
3437 | The error reported is `file-already-exists'. | |
3438 | ||
3439 | ** Function `format' now handles text properties. | |
3440 | ||
3441 | Text properties of the format string are applied to the result string. | |
3442 | If the result string is longer than the format string, text properties | |
3443 | ending at the end of the format string are extended to the end of the | |
3444 | result string. | |
3445 | ||
3446 | Text properties from string arguments are applied to the result | |
3447 | string where arguments appear in the result string. | |
3448 | ||
3449 | Example: | |
3450 | ||
3451 | (let ((s1 "hello, %s") | |
3452 | (s2 "world")) | |
3453 | (put-text-property 0 (length s1) 'face 'bold s1) | |
3454 | (put-text-property 0 (length s2) 'face 'italic s2) | |
3455 | (format s1 s2)) | |
3456 | ||
3457 | results in a bold-face string with an italic `world' at the end. | |
3458 | ||
3459 | ** Messages can now be displayed with text properties. | |
3460 | ||
3461 | Text properties are handled as described above for function `format'. | |
3462 | The following example displays a bold-face message with an italic | |
3463 | argument in it. | |
3464 | ||
3465 | (let ((msg "hello, %s!") | |
3466 | (arg "world")) | |
3467 | (put-text-property 0 (length msg) 'face 'bold msg) | |
3468 | (put-text-property 0 (length arg) 'face 'italic arg) | |
3469 | (message msg arg)) | |
3470 | ||
3471 | ** Sound support | |
3472 | ||
3473 | Emacs supports playing sound files on GNU/Linux and the free BSDs | |
3474 | (Voxware driver and native BSD driver, aka as Luigi's driver). | |
3475 | ||
3476 | Currently supported file formats are RIFF-WAVE (*.wav) and Sun Audio | |
3477 | (*.au). You must configure Emacs with the option `--with-sound=yes' | |
3478 | to enable sound support. | |
3479 | ||
3480 | Sound files can be played by calling (play-sound SOUND). SOUND is a | |
3481 | list of the form `(sound PROPERTY...)'. The function is only defined | |
3482 | when sound support is present for the system on which Emacs runs. The | |
3483 | functions runs `play-sound-functions' with one argument which is the | |
3484 | sound to play, before playing the sound. | |
3485 | ||
3486 | The following sound properties are supported: | |
3487 | ||
3488 | - `:file FILE' | |
3489 | ||
3490 | FILE is a file name. If FILE isn't an absolute name, it will be | |
3491 | searched relative to `data-directory'. | |
3492 | ||
3493 | - `:data DATA' | |
3494 | ||
3495 | DATA is a string containing sound data. Either :file or :data | |
3496 | may be present, but not both. | |
3497 | ||
3498 | - `:volume VOLUME' | |
3499 | ||
3500 | VOLUME must be an integer in the range 0..100 or a float in the range | |
3501 | 0..1. This property is optional. | |
3502 | ||
3503 | - `:device DEVICE' | |
3504 | ||
3505 | DEVICE is a string specifying the system device on which to play the | |
3506 | sound. The default device is system-dependent. | |
3507 | ||
3508 | Other properties are ignored. | |
3509 | ||
3510 | An alternative interface is called as | |
3511 | (play-sound-file FILE &optional VOLUME DEVICE). | |
3512 | ||
3513 | ** `multimedia' is a new Finder keyword and Custom group. | |
3514 | ||
3515 | ** keywordp is a new predicate to test efficiently for an object being | |
3516 | a keyword symbol. | |
3517 | ||
3518 | ** Changes to garbage collection | |
3519 | ||
3520 | *** The function garbage-collect now additionally returns the number | |
3521 | of live and free strings. | |
3522 | ||
3523 | *** There is a new variable `strings-consed' holding the number of | |
3524 | strings that have been consed so far. | |
3525 | ||
3526 | \f | |
3527 | * Lisp-level Display features added after release 2.6 of the Emacs | |
3528 | Lisp Manual | |
3529 | ||
3530 | ** The user-option `resize-mini-windows' controls how Emacs resizes | |
3531 | mini-windows. | |
3532 | ||
3533 | ** The function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now has a third optional | |
3534 | argument, PARTIALLY. If a character is only partially visible, nil is | |
3535 | returned, unless PARTIALLY is non-nil. | |
3536 | ||
3537 | ** On window systems, `glyph-table' is no longer used. | |
3538 | ||
3539 | ** Help strings in menu items are now used to provide `help-echo' text. | |
3540 | ||
3541 | ** The function `image-size' can be used to determine the size of an | |
3542 | image. | |
3543 | ||
3544 | - Function: image-size SPEC &optional PIXELS FRAME | |
3545 | ||
3546 | Return the size of an image as a pair (WIDTH . HEIGHT). | |
3547 | ||
3548 | SPEC is an image specification. PIXELS non-nil means return sizes | |
3549 | measured in pixels, otherwise return sizes measured in canonical | |
3550 | character units (fractions of the width/height of the frame's default | |
3551 | font). FRAME is the frame on which the image will be displayed. | |
3552 | FRAME nil or omitted means use the selected frame. | |
3553 | ||
3554 | ** The function `image-mask-p' can be used to determine if an image | |
3555 | has a mask bitmap. | |
3556 | ||
3557 | - Function: image-mask-p SPEC &optional FRAME | |
3558 | ||
3559 | Return t if image SPEC has a mask bitmap. | |
3560 | FRAME is the frame on which the image will be displayed. FRAME nil | |
3561 | or omitted means use the selected frame. | |
3562 | ||
3563 | ** The function `find-image' can be used to find a usable image | |
3564 | satisfying one of a list of specifications. | |
3565 | ||
3566 | ** The STRING argument of `put-image' and `insert-image' is now | |
3567 | optional. | |
3568 | ||
3569 | ** Image specifications may contain the property `:ascent center' (see | |
3570 | below). | |
3571 | ||
3572 | \f | |
3573 | * New Lisp-level Display features in Emacs 21.1 | |
3574 | ||
3575 | ** The function tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors can be used | |
3576 | to make Emacs avoid displaying text with bold black foreground on TTYs. | |
3577 | ||
3578 | Some terminals, notably PC consoles, emulate bold text by displaying | |
3579 | text in brighter colors. On such a console, a bold black foreground | |
3580 | is displayed in a gray color. If this turns out to be hard to read on | |
3581 | your monitor---the problem occurred with the mode line on | |
3582 | laptops---you can instruct Emacs to ignore the text's boldness, and to | |
3583 | just display it black instead. | |
3584 | ||
3585 | This situation can't be detected automatically. You will have to put | |
3586 | a line like | |
3587 | ||
3588 | (tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors t) | |
3589 | ||
3590 | in your `.emacs'. | |
3591 | ||
3592 | ** New face implementation. | |
3593 | ||
3594 | Emacs faces have been reimplemented from scratch. They don't use XLFD | |
3595 | font names anymore and face merging now works as expected. | |
3596 | ||
3597 | *** New faces. | |
3598 | ||
3599 | Each face can specify the following display attributes: | |
3600 | ||
3601 | 1. Font family or fontset alias name. | |
3602 | ||
3603 | 2. Relative proportionate width, aka character set width or set | |
3604 | width (swidth), e.g. `semi-compressed'. | |
3605 | ||
3606 | 3. Font height in 1/10pt | |
3607 | ||
3608 | 4. Font weight, e.g. `bold'. | |
3609 | ||
3610 | 5. Font slant, e.g. `italic'. | |
3611 | ||
3612 | 6. Foreground color. | |
3613 | ||
3614 | 7. Background color. | |
3615 | ||
3616 | 8. Whether or not characters should be underlined, and in what color. | |
3617 | ||
3618 | 9. Whether or not characters should be displayed in inverse video. | |
3619 | ||
3620 | 10. A background stipple, a bitmap. | |
3621 | ||
3622 | 11. Whether or not characters should be overlined, and in what color. | |
3623 | ||
3624 | 12. Whether or not characters should be strike-through, and in what | |
3625 | color. | |
3626 | ||
3627 | 13. Whether or not a box should be drawn around characters, its | |
3628 | color, the width of the box lines, and 3D appearance. | |
3629 | ||
3630 | Faces are frame-local by nature because Emacs allows to define the | |
3631 | same named face (face names are symbols) differently for different | |
3632 | frames. Each frame has an alist of face definitions for all named | |
3633 | faces. The value of a named face in such an alist is a Lisp vector | |
3634 | with the symbol `face' in slot 0, and a slot for each of the face | |
3635 | attributes mentioned above. | |
3636 | ||
3637 | There is also a global face alist `face-new-frame-defaults'. Face | |
3638 | definitions from this list are used to initialize faces of newly | |
3639 | created frames. | |
3640 | ||
3641 | A face doesn't have to specify all attributes. Those not specified | |
3642 | have a nil value. Faces specifying all attributes are called | |
3643 | `fully-specified'. | |
3644 | ||
3645 | *** Face merging. | |
3646 | ||
3647 | The display style of a given character in the text is determined by | |
3648 | combining several faces. This process is called `face merging'. Any | |
3649 | aspect of the display style that isn't specified by overlays or text | |
3650 | properties is taken from the `default' face. Since it is made sure | |
3651 | that the default face is always fully-specified, face merging always | |
3652 | results in a fully-specified face. | |
3653 | ||
3654 | *** Face realization. | |
3655 | ||
3656 | After all face attributes for a character have been determined by | |
3657 | merging faces of that character, that face is `realized'. The | |
3658 | realization process maps face attributes to what is physically | |
3659 | available on the system where Emacs runs. The result is a `realized | |
3660 | face' in form of an internal structure which is stored in the face | |
3661 | cache of the frame on which it was realized. | |
3662 | ||
3663 | Face realization is done in the context of the charset of the | |
3664 | character to display because different fonts and encodings are used | |
3665 | for different charsets. In other words, for characters of different | |
3666 | charsets, different realized faces are needed to display them. | |
3667 | ||
3668 | Except for composite characters, faces are always realized for a | |
3669 | specific character set and contain a specific font, even if the face | |
3670 | being realized specifies a fontset. The reason is that the result of | |
3671 | the new font selection stage is better than what can be done with | |
3672 | statically defined font name patterns in fontsets. | |
3673 | ||
3674 | In unibyte text, Emacs' charsets aren't applicable; function | |
3675 | `char-charset' reports ASCII for all characters, including those > | |
3676 | 0x7f. The X registry and encoding of fonts to use is determined from | |
3677 | the variable `face-default-registry' in this case. The variable is | |
3678 | initialized at Emacs startup time from the font the user specified for | |
3679 | Emacs. | |
3680 | ||
3681 | Currently all unibyte text, i.e. all buffers with | |
3682 | `enable-multibyte-characters' nil are displayed with fonts of the same | |
3683 | registry and encoding `face-default-registry'. This is consistent | |
3684 | with the fact that languages can also be set globally, only. | |
3685 | ||
3686 | **** Clearing face caches. | |
3687 | ||
3688 | The Lisp function `clear-face-cache' can be called to clear face caches | |
3689 | on all frames. If called with a non-nil argument, it will also unload | |
3690 | unused fonts. | |
3691 | ||
3692 | *** Font selection. | |
3693 | ||
3694 | Font selection tries to find the best available matching font for a | |
3695 | given (charset, face) combination. This is done slightly differently | |
3696 | for faces specifying a fontset, or a font family name. | |
3697 | ||
3698 | If the face specifies a fontset name, that fontset determines a | |
3699 | pattern for fonts of the given charset. If the face specifies a font | |
3700 | family, a font pattern is constructed. Charset symbols have a | |
3701 | property `x-charset-registry' for that purpose that maps a charset to | |
3702 | an XLFD registry and encoding in the font pattern constructed. | |
3703 | ||
3704 | Available fonts on the system on which Emacs runs are then matched | |
3705 | against the font pattern. The result of font selection is the best | |
3706 | match for the given face attributes in this font list. | |
3707 | ||
3708 | Font selection can be influenced by the user. | |
3709 | ||
3710 | The user can specify the relative importance he gives the face | |
3711 | attributes width, height, weight, and slant by setting | |
3712 | face-font-selection-order (faces.el) to a list of face attribute | |
3713 | names. The default is (:width :height :weight :slant), and means | |
3714 | that font selection first tries to find a good match for the font | |
3715 | width specified by a face, then---within fonts with that width---tries | |
3716 | to find a best match for the specified font height, etc. | |
3717 | ||
3718 | Setting `face-font-family-alternatives' allows the user to specify | |
3719 | alternative font families to try if a family specified by a face | |
3720 | doesn't exist. | |
3721 | ||
3722 | Setting `face-font-registry-alternatives' allows the user to specify | |
3723 | all alternative font registry names to try for a face specifying a | |
3724 | registry. | |
3725 | ||
3726 | Please note that the interpretations of the above two variables are | |
3727 | slightly different. | |
3728 | ||
3729 | Setting face-ignored-fonts allows the user to ignore specific fonts. | |
3730 | ||
3731 | ||
3732 | **** Scalable fonts | |
3733 | ||
3734 | Emacs can make use of scalable fonts but doesn't do so by default, | |
3735 | since the use of too many or too big scalable fonts may crash XFree86 | |
3736 | servers. | |
3737 | ||
3738 | To enable scalable font use, set the variable | |
3739 | `scalable-fonts-allowed'. A value of nil, the default, means never use | |
3740 | scalable fonts. A value of t means any scalable font may be used. | |
3741 | Otherwise, the value must be a list of regular expressions. A | |
3742 | scalable font may then be used if it matches a regular expression from | |
3743 | that list. Example: | |
3744 | ||
3745 | (setq scalable-fonts-allowed '("muleindian-2$")) | |
3746 | ||
3747 | allows the use of scalable fonts with registry `muleindian-2'. | |
3748 | ||
3749 | *** Functions and variables related to font selection. | |
3750 | ||
3751 | - Function: x-family-fonts &optional FAMILY FRAME | |
3752 | ||
3753 | Return a list of available fonts of family FAMILY on FRAME. If FAMILY | |
3754 | is omitted or nil, list all families. Otherwise, FAMILY must be a | |
3755 | string, possibly containing wildcards `?' and `*'. | |
3756 | ||
3757 | If FRAME is omitted or nil, use the selected frame. Each element of | |
3758 | the result is a vector [FAMILY WIDTH POINT-SIZE WEIGHT SLANT FIXED-P | |
3759 | FULL REGISTRY-AND-ENCODING]. FAMILY is the font family name. | |
3760 | POINT-SIZE is the size of the font in 1/10 pt. WIDTH, WEIGHT, and | |
3761 | SLANT are symbols describing the width, weight and slant of the font. | |
3762 | These symbols are the same as for face attributes. FIXED-P is non-nil | |
3763 | if the font is fixed-pitch. FULL is the full name of the font, and | |
3764 | REGISTRY-AND-ENCODING is a string giving the registry and encoding of | |
3765 | the font. The result list is sorted according to the current setting | |
3766 | of the face font sort order. | |
3767 | ||
3768 | - Function: x-font-family-list | |
3769 | ||
3770 | Return a list of available font families on FRAME. If FRAME is | |
3771 | omitted or nil, use the selected frame. Value is a list of conses | |
3772 | (FAMILY . FIXED-P) where FAMILY is a font family, and FIXED-P is | |
3773 | non-nil if fonts of that family are fixed-pitch. | |
3774 | ||
3775 | - Variable: font-list-limit | |
3776 | ||
3777 | Limit for font matching. If an integer > 0, font matching functions | |
3778 | won't load more than that number of fonts when searching for a | |
3779 | matching font. The default is currently 100. | |
3780 | ||
3781 | *** Setting face attributes. | |
3782 | ||
3783 | For the most part, the new face implementation is interface-compatible | |
3784 | with the old one. Old face attribute related functions are now | |
3785 | implemented in terms of the new functions `set-face-attribute' and | |
3786 | `face-attribute'. | |
3787 | ||
3788 | Face attributes are identified by their names which are keyword | |
3789 | symbols. All attributes can be set to `unspecified'. | |
3790 | ||
3791 | The following attributes are recognized: | |
3792 | ||
3793 | `:family' | |
3794 | ||
3795 | VALUE must be a string specifying the font family, e.g. ``courier'', | |
3796 | or a fontset alias name. If a font family is specified, wild-cards `*' | |
3797 | and `?' are allowed. | |
3798 | ||
3799 | `:width' | |
3800 | ||
3801 | VALUE specifies the relative proportionate width of the font to use. | |
3802 | It must be one of the symbols `ultra-condensed', `extra-condensed', | |
3803 | `condensed', `semi-condensed', `normal', `semi-expanded', `expanded', | |
3804 | `extra-expanded', or `ultra-expanded'. | |
3805 | ||
3806 | `:height' | |
3807 | ||
3808 | VALUE must be either an integer specifying the height of the font to use | |
3809 | in 1/10 pt, a floating point number specifying the amount by which to | |
3810 | scale any underlying face, or a function, which is called with the old | |
3811 | height (from the underlying face), and should return the new height. | |
3812 | ||
3813 | `:weight' | |
3814 | ||
3815 | VALUE specifies the weight of the font to use. It must be one of the | |
3816 | symbols `ultra-bold', `extra-bold', `bold', `semi-bold', `normal', | |
3817 | `semi-light', `light', `extra-light', `ultra-light'. | |
3818 | ||
3819 | `:slant' | |
3820 | ||
3821 | VALUE specifies the slant of the font to use. It must be one of the | |
3822 | symbols `italic', `oblique', `normal', `reverse-italic', or | |
3823 | `reverse-oblique'. | |
3824 | ||
3825 | `:foreground', `:background' | |
3826 | ||
3827 | VALUE must be a color name, a string. | |
3828 | ||
3829 | `:underline' | |
3830 | ||
3831 | VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be underlined. If | |
3832 | VALUE is t, underline with foreground color of the face. If VALUE is | |
3833 | a string, underline with that color. If VALUE is nil, explicitly | |
3834 | don't underline. | |
3835 | ||
3836 | `:overline' | |
3837 | ||
3838 | VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be overlined. If | |
3839 | VALUE is t, overline with foreground color of the face. If VALUE is a | |
3840 | string, overline with that color. If VALUE is nil, explicitly don't | |
3841 | overline. | |
3842 | ||
3843 | `:strike-through' | |
3844 | ||
3845 | VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be drawn with a line | |
3846 | striking through them. If VALUE is t, use the foreground color of the | |
3847 | face. If VALUE is a string, strike-through with that color. If VALUE | |
3848 | is nil, explicitly don't strike through. | |
3849 | ||
3850 | `:box' | |
3851 | ||
3852 | VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should have a box drawn | |
3853 | around them. If VALUE is nil, explicitly don't draw boxes. If | |
3854 | VALUE is t, draw a box with lines of width 1 in the foreground color | |
3855 | of the face. If VALUE is a string, the string must be a color name, | |
3856 | and the box is drawn in that color with a line width of 1. Otherwise, | |
3857 | VALUE must be a property list of the form `(:line-width WIDTH | |
3858 | :color COLOR :style STYLE)'. If a keyword/value pair is missing from | |
3859 | the property list, a default value will be used for the value, as | |
3860 | specified below. WIDTH specifies the width of the lines to draw; it | |
3861 | defaults to 1. COLOR is the name of the color to draw in, default is | |
3862 | the foreground color of the face for simple boxes, and the background | |
3863 | color of the face for 3D boxes. STYLE specifies whether a 3D box | |
3864 | should be draw. If STYLE is `released-button', draw a box looking | |
3865 | like a released 3D button. If STYLE is `pressed-button' draw a box | |
3866 | that appears like a pressed button. If STYLE is nil, the default if | |
3867 | the property list doesn't contain a style specification, draw a 2D | |
3868 | box. | |
3869 | ||
3870 | `:inverse-video' | |
3871 | ||
3872 | VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be displayed in | |
3873 | inverse video. VALUE must be one of t or nil. | |
3874 | ||
3875 | `:stipple' | |
3876 | ||
3877 | If VALUE is a string, it must be the name of a file of pixmap data. | |
3878 | The directories listed in the `x-bitmap-file-path' variable are | |
3879 | searched. Alternatively, VALUE may be a list of the form (WIDTH | |
3880 | HEIGHT DATA) where WIDTH and HEIGHT are the size in pixels, and DATA | |
3881 | is a string containing the raw bits of the bitmap. VALUE nil means | |
3882 | explicitly don't use a stipple pattern. | |
3883 | ||
3884 | For convenience, attributes `:family', `:width', `:height', `:weight', | |
3885 | and `:slant' may also be set in one step from an X font name: | |
3886 | ||
3887 | `:font' | |
3888 | ||
3889 | Set font-related face attributes from VALUE. VALUE must be a valid | |
3890 | XLFD font name. If it is a font name pattern, the first matching font | |
3891 | is used--this is for compatibility with the behavior of previous | |
3892 | versions of Emacs. | |
3893 | ||
3894 | For compatibility with Emacs 20, keywords `:bold' and `:italic' can | |
3895 | be used to specify that a bold or italic font should be used. VALUE | |
3896 | must be t or nil in that case. A value of `unspecified' is not allowed." | |
3897 | ||
3898 | Please see also the documentation of `set-face-attribute' and | |
3899 | `defface'. | |
3900 | ||
3901 | `:inherit' | |
3902 | ||
3903 | VALUE is the name of a face from which to inherit attributes, or a list | |
3904 | of face names. Attributes from inherited faces are merged into the face | |
3905 | like an underlying face would be, with higher priority than underlying faces. | |
3906 | ||
3907 | *** Face attributes and X resources | |
3908 | ||
3909 | The following X resource names can be used to set face attributes | |
3910 | from X resources: | |
3911 | ||
3912 | Face attribute X resource class | |
3913 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
3914 | :family attributeFamily . Face.AttributeFamily | |
3915 | :width attributeWidth Face.AttributeWidth | |
3916 | :height attributeHeight Face.AttributeHeight | |
3917 | :weight attributeWeight Face.AttributeWeight | |
3918 | :slant attributeSlant Face.AttributeSlant | |
3919 | foreground attributeForeground Face.AttributeForeground | |
3920 | :background attributeBackground . Face.AttributeBackground | |
3921 | :overline attributeOverline Face.AttributeOverline | |
3922 | :strike-through attributeStrikeThrough Face.AttributeStrikeThrough | |
3923 | :box attributeBox Face.AttributeBox | |
3924 | :underline attributeUnderline Face.AttributeUnderline | |
3925 | :inverse-video attributeInverse Face.AttributeInverse | |
3926 | :stipple attributeStipple Face.AttributeStipple | |
3927 | or attributeBackgroundPixmap | |
3928 | Face.AttributeBackgroundPixmap | |
3929 | :font attributeFont Face.AttributeFont | |
3930 | :bold attributeBold Face.AttributeBold | |
3931 | :italic attributeItalic . Face.AttributeItalic | |
3932 | :font attributeFont Face.AttributeFont | |
3933 | ||
3934 | *** Text property `face'. | |
3935 | ||
3936 | The value of the `face' text property can now be a single face | |
3937 | specification or a list of such specifications. Each face | |
3938 | specification can be | |
3939 | ||
3940 | 1. A symbol or string naming a Lisp face. | |
3941 | ||
3942 | 2. A property list of the form (KEYWORD VALUE ...) where each | |
3943 | KEYWORD is a face attribute name, and VALUE is an appropriate value | |
3944 | for that attribute. Please see the doc string of `set-face-attribute' | |
3945 | for face attribute names. | |
3946 | ||
3947 | 3. Conses of the form (FOREGROUND-COLOR . COLOR) or | |
3948 | (BACKGROUND-COLOR . COLOR) where COLOR is a color name. This is | |
3949 | for compatibility with previous Emacs versions. | |
3950 | ||
3951 | ** Support functions for colors on text-only terminals. | |
3952 | ||
3953 | The function `tty-color-define' can be used to define colors for use | |
3954 | on TTY and MSDOS frames. It maps a color name to a color number on | |
3955 | the terminal. Emacs defines a couple of common color mappings by | |
3956 | default. You can get defined colors with a call to | |
3957 | `defined-colors'. The function `tty-color-clear' can be | |
3958 | used to clear the mapping table. | |
3959 | ||
3960 | ** Unified support for colors independent of frame type. | |
3961 | ||
3962 | The new functions `defined-colors', `color-defined-p', `color-values', | |
3963 | and `display-color-p' work for any type of frame. On frames whose | |
3964 | type is neither x nor w32, these functions transparently map X-style | |
3965 | color specifications to the closest colors supported by the frame | |
3966 | display. Lisp programs should use these new functions instead of the | |
3967 | old `x-defined-colors', `x-color-defined-p', `x-color-values', and | |
3968 | `x-display-color-p'. (The old function names are still available for | |
3969 | compatibility; they are now aliases of the new names.) Lisp programs | |
3970 | should no more look at the value of the variable window-system to | |
3971 | modify their color-related behavior. | |
3972 | ||
3973 | The primitives `color-gray-p' and `color-supported-p' also work for | |
3974 | any frame type. | |
3975 | ||
3976 | ** Platform-independent functions to describe display capabilities. | |
3977 | ||
3978 | The new functions `display-mouse-p', `display-popup-menus-p', | |
3979 | `display-graphic-p', `display-selections-p', `display-screens', | |
3980 | `display-pixel-width', `display-pixel-height', `display-mm-width', | |
3981 | `display-mm-height', `display-backing-store', `display-save-under', | |
3982 | `display-planes', `display-color-cells', `display-visual-class', and | |
3983 | `display-grayscale-p' describe the basic capabilities of a particular | |
3984 | display. Lisp programs should call these functions instead of testing | |
3985 | the value of the variables `window-system' or `system-type', or calling | |
3986 | platform-specific functions such as `x-display-pixel-width'. | |
3987 | ||
3988 | The new function `display-images-p' returns non-nil if a particular | |
3989 | display can display image files. | |
3990 | ||
3991 | ** The minibuffer prompt is now actually inserted in the minibuffer. | |
3992 | ||
3993 | This makes it possible to scroll through the prompt, if you want to. | |
3994 | To disallow this completely (like previous versions of emacs), customize | |
3995 | the variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', and turn on the | |
3996 | `Inviolable' option. | |
3997 | ||
3998 | The function `minibuffer-prompt-end' returns the current position of the | |
3999 | end of the minibuffer prompt, if the minibuffer is current. | |
4000 | Otherwise, it returns `(point-min)'. | |
4001 | ||
4002 | ** New `field' abstraction in buffers. | |
4003 | ||
4004 | There is now code to support an abstraction called `fields' in emacs | |
4005 | buffers. A field is a contiguous region of text with the same `field' | |
4006 | property (which can be a text property or an overlay). | |
4007 | ||
4008 | Many emacs functions, such as forward-word, forward-sentence, | |
4009 | forward-paragraph, beginning-of-line, etc., stop moving when they come | |
4010 | to the boundary between fields; beginning-of-line and end-of-line will | |
4011 | not let the point move past the field boundary, but other movement | |
4012 | commands continue into the next field if repeated. Stopping at field | |
4013 | boundaries can be suppressed programmatically by binding | |
4014 | `inhibit-field-text-motion' to a non-nil value around calls to these | |
4015 | functions. | |
4016 | ||
4017 | Now that the minibuffer prompt is inserted into the minibuffer, it is in | |
4018 | a separate field from the user-input part of the buffer, so that common | |
4019 | editing commands treat the user's text separately from the prompt. | |
4020 | ||
4021 | The following functions are defined for operating on fields: | |
4022 | ||
4023 | - Function: constrain-to-field NEW-POS OLD-POS &optional ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE ONLY-IN-LINE INHIBIT-CAPTURE-PROPERTY | |
4024 | ||
4025 | Return the position closest to NEW-POS that is in the same field as OLD-POS. | |
4026 | ||
4027 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. | |
4028 | If NEW-POS is nil, then the current point is used instead, and set to the | |
4029 | constrained position if that is different. | |
4030 | ||
4031 | If OLD-POS is at the boundary of two fields, then the allowable | |
4032 | positions for NEW-POS depends on the value of the optional argument | |
4033 | ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE: If ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE is nil, then NEW-POS is | |
4034 | constrained to the field that has the same `field' char-property | |
4035 | as any new characters inserted at OLD-POS, whereas if ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE | |
4036 | is non-nil, NEW-POS is constrained to the union of the two adjacent | |
4037 | fields. Additionally, if two fields are separated by another field with | |
4038 | the special value `boundary', then any point within this special field is | |
4039 | also considered to be `on the boundary'. | |
4040 | ||
4041 | If the optional argument ONLY-IN-LINE is non-nil and constraining | |
4042 | NEW-POS would move it to a different line, NEW-POS is returned | |
4043 | unconstrained. This useful for commands that move by line, like | |
4044 | C-n or C-a, which should generally respect field boundaries | |
4045 | only in the case where they can still move to the right line. | |
4046 | ||
4047 | If the optional argument INHIBIT-CAPTURE-PROPERTY is non-nil, and OLD-POS has | |
4048 | a non-nil property of that name, then any field boundaries are ignored. | |
4049 | ||
4050 | Field boundaries are not noticed if `inhibit-field-text-motion' is non-nil. | |
4051 | ||
4052 | - Function: delete-field &optional POS | |
4053 | ||
4054 | Delete the field surrounding POS. | |
4055 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. | |
4056 | If POS is nil, the value of point is used for POS. | |
4057 | ||
4058 | - Function: field-beginning &optional POS ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE | |
4059 | ||
4060 | Return the beginning of the field surrounding POS. | |
4061 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. | |
4062 | If POS is nil, the value of point is used for POS. | |
4063 | If ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE is non-nil and POS is at the beginning of its | |
4064 | field, then the beginning of the *previous* field is returned. | |
4065 | ||
4066 | - Function: field-end &optional POS ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE | |
4067 | ||
4068 | Return the end of the field surrounding POS. | |
4069 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. | |
4070 | If POS is nil, the value of point is used for POS. | |
4071 | If ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE is non-nil and POS is at the end of its field, | |
4072 | then the end of the *following* field is returned. | |
4073 | ||
4074 | - Function: field-string &optional POS | |
4075 | ||
4076 | Return the contents of the field surrounding POS as a string. | |
4077 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. | |
4078 | If POS is nil, the value of point is used for POS. | |
4079 | ||
4080 | - Function: field-string-no-properties &optional POS | |
4081 | ||
4082 | Return the contents of the field around POS, without text-properties. | |
4083 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. | |
4084 | If POS is nil, the value of point is used for POS. | |
4085 | ||
4086 | ** Image support. | |
4087 | ||
4088 | Emacs can now display images. Images are inserted into text by giving | |
4089 | strings or buffer text a `display' text property containing one of | |
4090 | (AREA IMAGE) or IMAGE. The display of the `display' property value | |
4091 | replaces the display of the characters having that property. | |
4092 | ||
4093 | If the property value has the form (AREA IMAGE), AREA must be one of | |
4094 | `(margin left-margin)', `(margin right-margin)' or `(margin nil)'. If | |
4095 | AREA is `(margin nil)', IMAGE will be displayed in the text area of a | |
4096 | window, otherwise it will be displayed in the left or right marginal | |
4097 | area. | |
4098 | ||
4099 | IMAGE is an image specification. | |
4100 | ||
4101 | *** Image specifications | |
4102 | ||
4103 | Image specifications are lists of the form `(image PROPS)' where PROPS | |
4104 | is a property list whose keys are keyword symbols. Each | |
4105 | specifications must contain a property `:type TYPE' with TYPE being a | |
4106 | symbol specifying the image type, e.g. `xbm'. Properties not | |
4107 | described below are ignored. | |
4108 | ||
4109 | The following is a list of properties all image types share. | |
4110 | ||
4111 | `:ascent ASCENT' | |
4112 | ||
4113 | ASCENT must be a number in the range 0..100, or the symbol `center'. | |
4114 | If it is a number, it specifies the percentage of the image's height | |
4115 | to use for its ascent. | |
4116 | ||
4117 | If not specified, ASCENT defaults to the value 50 which means that the | |
4118 | image will be centered with the base line of the row it appears in. | |
4119 | ||
4120 | If ASCENT is `center' the image is vertically centered around a | |
4121 | centerline which is the vertical center of text drawn at the position | |
4122 | of the image, in the manner specified by the text properties and | |
4123 | overlays that apply to the image. | |
4124 | ||
4125 | `:margin MARGIN' | |
4126 | ||
4127 | MARGIN must be either a number >= 0 specifying how many pixels to put | |
4128 | as margin around the image, or a pair (X . Y) with X specifying the | |
4129 | horizontal margin and Y specifying the vertical margin. Default is 0. | |
4130 | ||
4131 | `:relief RELIEF' | |
4132 | ||
4133 | RELIEF is analogous to the `:relief' attribute of faces. Puts a relief | |
4134 | around an image. | |
4135 | ||
4136 | `:conversion ALGO' | |
4137 | ||
4138 | Apply an image algorithm to the image before displaying it. | |
4139 | ||
4140 | ALGO `laplace' or `emboss' means apply a Laplace or ``emboss'' | |
4141 | edge-detection algorithm to the image. | |
4142 | ||
4143 | ALGO `(edge-detection :matrix MATRIX :color-adjust ADJUST)' means | |
4144 | apply a general edge-detection algorithm. MATRIX must be either a | |
4145 | nine-element list or a nine-element vector of numbers. A pixel at | |
4146 | position x/y in the transformed image is computed from original pixels | |
4147 | around that position. MATRIX specifies, for each pixel in the | |
4148 | neighborhood of x/y, a factor with which that pixel will influence the | |
4149 | transformed pixel; element 0 specifies the factor for the pixel at | |
4150 | x-1/y-1, element 1 the factor for the pixel at x/y-1 etc. as shown | |
4151 | below. | |
4152 | ||
4153 | (x-1/y-1 x/y-1 x+1/y-1 | |
4154 | x-1/y x/y x+1/y | |
4155 | x-1/y+1 x/y+1 x+1/y+1) | |
4156 | ||
4157 | The resulting pixel is computed from the color intensity of the color | |
4158 | resulting from summing up the RGB values of surrounding pixels, | |
4159 | multiplied by the specified factors, and dividing that sum by the sum | |
4160 | of the factors' absolute values. | |
4161 | ||
4162 | Laplace edge-detection currently uses a matrix of | |
4163 | ||
4164 | (1 0 0 | |
4165 | 0 0 0 | |
4166 | 9 9 -1) | |
4167 | ||
4168 | Emboss edge-detection uses a matrix of | |
4169 | ||
4170 | ( 2 -1 0 | |
4171 | -1 0 1 | |
4172 | 0 1 -2) | |
4173 | ||
4174 | ALGO `disabled' means transform the image so that it looks | |
4175 | ``disabled''. | |
4176 | ||
4177 | `:mask MASK' | |
4178 | ||
4179 | If MASK is `heuristic' or `(heuristic BG)', build a clipping mask for | |
4180 | the image, so that the background of a frame is visible behind the | |
4181 | image. If BG is not specified, or if BG is t, determine the | |
4182 | background color of the image by looking at the 4 corners of the | |
4183 | image, assuming the most frequently occurring color from the corners is | |
4184 | the background color of the image. Otherwise, BG must be a list `(RED | |
4185 | GREEN BLUE)' specifying the color to assume for the background of the | |
4186 | image. | |
4187 | ||
4188 | If MASK is nil, remove a mask from the image, if it has one. Images | |
4189 | in some formats include a mask which can be removed by specifying | |
4190 | `:mask nil'. | |
4191 | ||
4192 | `:file FILE' | |
4193 | ||
4194 | Load image from FILE. If FILE is not absolute after expanding it, | |
4195 | search for the image in `data-directory'. Some image types support | |
4196 | building images from data. When this is done, no `:file' property | |
4197 | may be present in the image specification. | |
4198 | ||
4199 | `:data DATA' | |
4200 | ||
4201 | Get image data from DATA. (As of this writing, this is not yet | |
4202 | supported for image type `postscript'). Either :file or :data may be | |
4203 | present in an image specification, but not both. All image types | |
4204 | support strings as DATA, some types allow additional types of DATA. | |
4205 | ||
4206 | *** Supported image types | |
4207 | ||
4208 | **** XBM, image type `xbm'. | |
4209 | ||
4210 | XBM images don't require an external library. Additional image | |
4211 | properties supported are: | |
4212 | ||
4213 | `:foreground FG' | |
4214 | ||
4215 | FG must be a string specifying the image foreground color, or nil | |
4216 | meaning to use the default. Default is the frame's foreground color. | |
4217 | ||
4218 | `:background BG' | |
4219 | ||
4220 | BG must be a string specifying the image background color, or nil | |
4221 | meaning to use the default. Default is the frame's background color. | |
4222 | ||
4223 | XBM images can be constructed from data instead of file. In this | |
4224 | case, the image specification must contain the following properties | |
4225 | instead of a `:file' property. | |
4226 | ||
4227 | `:width WIDTH' | |
4228 | ||
4229 | WIDTH specifies the width of the image in pixels. | |
4230 | ||
4231 | `:height HEIGHT' | |
4232 | ||
4233 | HEIGHT specifies the height of the image in pixels. | |
4234 | ||
4235 | `:data DATA' | |
4236 | ||
4237 | DATA must be either | |
4238 | ||
4239 | 1. a string large enough to hold the bitmap data, i.e. it must | |
4240 | have a size >= (WIDTH + 7) / 8 * HEIGHT | |
4241 | ||
4242 | 2. a bool-vector of size >= WIDTH * HEIGHT | |
4243 | ||
4244 | 3. a vector of strings or bool-vectors, one for each line of the | |
4245 | bitmap. | |
4246 | ||
4247 | 4. a string that's an in-memory XBM file. Neither width nor | |
4248 | height may be specified in this case because these are defined | |
4249 | in the file. | |
4250 | ||
4251 | **** XPM, image type `xpm' | |
4252 | ||
4253 | XPM images require the external library `libXpm', package | |
4254 | `xpm-3.4k.tar.gz', version 3.4k or later. Make sure the library is | |
4255 | found when Emacs is configured by supplying appropriate paths via | |
4256 | `--x-includes' and `--x-libraries'. | |
4257 | ||
4258 | Additional image properties supported are: | |
4259 | ||
4260 | `:color-symbols SYMBOLS' | |
4261 | ||
4262 | SYMBOLS must be a list of pairs (NAME . COLOR), with NAME being the | |
4263 | name of color as it appears in an XPM file, and COLOR being an X color | |
4264 | name. | |
4265 | ||
4266 | XPM images can be built from memory instead of files. In that case, | |
4267 | add a `:data' property instead of a `:file' property. | |
4268 | ||
4269 | The XPM library uses libz in its implementation so that it is able | |
4270 | to display compressed images. | |
4271 | ||
4272 | **** PBM, image type `pbm' | |
4273 | ||
4274 | PBM images don't require an external library. Color, gray-scale and | |
4275 | mono images are supported. Additional image properties supported for | |
4276 | mono images are: | |
4277 | ||
4278 | `:foreground FG' | |
4279 | ||
4280 | FG must be a string specifying the image foreground color, or nil | |
4281 | meaning to use the default. Default is the frame's foreground color. | |
4282 | ||
4283 | `:background FG' | |
4284 | ||
4285 | BG must be a string specifying the image background color, or nil | |
4286 | meaning to use the default. Default is the frame's background color. | |
4287 | ||
4288 | **** JPEG, image type `jpeg' | |
4289 | ||
4290 | Support for JPEG images requires the external library `libjpeg', | |
4291 | package `jpegsrc.v6a.tar.gz', or later. There are no additional image | |
4292 | properties defined. | |
4293 | ||
4294 | **** TIFF, image type `tiff' | |
4295 | ||
4296 | Support for TIFF images requires the external library `libtiff', | |
4297 | package `tiff-v3.4-tar.gz', or later. There are no additional image | |
4298 | properties defined. | |
4299 | ||
4300 | **** GIF, image type `gif' | |
4301 | ||
4302 | Support for GIF images requires the external library `libungif', package | |
4303 | `libungif-4.1.0', or later. | |
4304 | ||
4305 | Additional image properties supported are: | |
4306 | ||
4307 | `:index INDEX' | |
4308 | ||
4309 | INDEX must be an integer >= 0. Load image number INDEX from a | |
4310 | multi-image GIF file. If INDEX is too large, the image displays | |
4311 | as a hollow box. | |
4312 | ||
4313 | This could be used to implement limited support for animated GIFs. | |
4314 | For example, the following function displays a multi-image GIF file | |
4315 | at point-min in the current buffer, switching between sub-images | |
4316 | every 0.1 seconds. | |
4317 | ||
4318 | (defun show-anim (file max) | |
4319 | "Display multi-image GIF file FILE which contains MAX subimages." | |
4320 | (display-anim (current-buffer) file 0 max t)) | |
4321 | ||
4322 | (defun display-anim (buffer file idx max first-time) | |
4323 | (when (= idx max) | |
4324 | (setq idx 0)) | |
4325 | (let ((img (create-image file nil nil :index idx))) | |
4326 | (save-excursion | |
4327 | (set-buffer buffer) | |
4328 | (goto-char (point-min)) | |
4329 | (unless first-time (delete-char 1)) | |
4330 | (insert-image img "x")) | |
4331 | (run-with-timer 0.1 nil 'display-anim buffer file (1+ idx) max nil))) | |
4332 | ||
4333 | **** PNG, image type `png' | |
4334 | ||
4335 | Support for PNG images requires the external library `libpng', | |
4336 | package `libpng-1.0.2.tar.gz', or later. There are no additional image | |
4337 | properties defined. | |
4338 | ||
4339 | **** Ghostscript, image type `postscript'. | |
4340 | ||
4341 | Additional image properties supported are: | |
4342 | ||
4343 | `:pt-width WIDTH' | |
4344 | ||
4345 | WIDTH is width of the image in pt (1/72 inch). WIDTH must be an | |
4346 | integer. This is a required property. | |
4347 | ||
4348 | `:pt-height HEIGHT' | |
4349 | ||
4350 | HEIGHT specifies the height of the image in pt (1/72 inch). HEIGHT | |
4351 | must be a integer. This is an required property. | |
4352 | ||
4353 | `:bounding-box BOX' | |
4354 | ||
4355 | BOX must be a list or vector of 4 integers giving the bounding box of | |
4356 | the PS image, analogous to the `BoundingBox' comment found in PS | |
4357 | files. This is an required property. | |
4358 | ||
4359 | Part of the Ghostscript interface is implemented in Lisp. See | |
4360 | lisp/gs.el. | |
4361 | ||
4362 | *** Lisp interface. | |
4363 | ||
4364 | The variable `image-types' contains a list of those image types | |
4365 | which are supported in the current configuration. | |
4366 | ||
4367 | Images are stored in an image cache and removed from the cache when | |
4368 | they haven't been displayed for `image-cache-eviction-delay seconds. | |
4369 | The function `clear-image-cache' can be used to clear the image cache | |
4370 | manually. Images in the cache are compared with `equal', i.e. all | |
4371 | images with `equal' specifications share the same image. | |
4372 | ||
4373 | *** Simplified image API, image.el | |
4374 | ||
4375 | The new Lisp package image.el contains functions that simplify image | |
4376 | creation and putting images into text. The function `create-image' | |
4377 | can be used to create images. The macro `defimage' can be used to | |
4378 | define an image based on available image types. The functions | |
4379 | `put-image' and `insert-image' can be used to insert an image into a | |
4380 | buffer. | |
4381 | ||
4382 | ** Display margins. | |
4383 | ||
4384 | Windows can now have margins which are used for special text | |
4385 | and images. | |
4386 | ||
4387 | To give a window margins, either set the buffer-local variables | |
4388 | `left-margin-width' and `right-margin-width', or call | |
4389 | `set-window-margins'. The function `window-margins' can be used to | |
4390 | obtain the current settings. To make `left-margin-width' and | |
4391 | `right-margin-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying | |
4392 | the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update | |
4393 | of the display margins. | |
4394 | ||
4395 | You can put text in margins by giving it a `display' text property | |
4396 | containing a pair of the form `(LOCATION . VALUE)', where LOCATION is | |
4397 | one of `left-margin' or `right-margin' or nil. VALUE can be either a | |
4398 | string, an image specification or a stretch specification (see later | |
4399 | in this file). | |
4400 | ||
4401 | ** Help display | |
4402 | ||
4403 | Emacs displays short help messages in the echo area, when the mouse | |
4404 | moves over a tool-bar item or a piece of text that has a text property | |
4405 | `help-echo'. This feature also applies to strings in the mode line | |
4406 | that have a `help-echo' property. | |
4407 | ||
4408 | If the value of the `help-echo' property is a function, that function | |
4409 | is called with three arguments WINDOW, OBJECT and POSITION. WINDOW is | |
4410 | the window in which the help was found. | |
4411 | ||
4412 | If OBJECT is a buffer, POS is the position in the buffer where the | |
4413 | `help-echo' text property was found. | |
4414 | ||
4415 | If OBJECT is an overlay, that overlay has a `help-echo' property, and | |
4416 | POS is the position in the overlay's buffer under the mouse. | |
4417 | ||
4418 | If OBJECT is a string (an overlay string or a string displayed with | |
4419 | the `display' property), POS is the position in that string under the | |
4420 | mouse. | |
4421 | ||
4422 | If the value of the `help-echo' property is neither a function nor a | |
4423 | string, it is evaluated to obtain a help string. | |
4424 | ||
4425 | For tool-bar and menu-bar items, their key definition is used to | |
4426 | determine the help to display. If their definition contains a | |
4427 | property `:help FORM', FORM is evaluated to determine the help string. | |
4428 | For tool-bar items without a help form, the caption of the item is | |
4429 | used as help string. | |
4430 | ||
4431 | The hook `show-help-function' can be set to a function that displays | |
4432 | the help string differently. For example, enabling a tooltip window | |
4433 | causes the help display to appear there instead of in the echo area. | |
4434 | ||
4435 | ** Vertical fractional scrolling. | |
4436 | ||
4437 | The display of text in windows can be scrolled smoothly in pixels. | |
4438 | This is useful, for example, for making parts of large images visible. | |
4439 | ||
4440 | The function `window-vscroll' returns the current value of vertical | |
4441 | scrolling, a non-negative fraction of the canonical character height. | |
4442 | The function `set-window-vscroll' can be used to set the vertical | |
4443 | scrolling value. Here is an example of how these function might be | |
4444 | used. | |
4445 | ||
4446 | (global-set-key [A-down] | |
4447 | #'(lambda () | |
4448 | (interactive) | |
4449 | (set-window-vscroll (selected-window) | |
4450 | (+ 0.5 (window-vscroll))))) | |
4451 | (global-set-key [A-up] | |
4452 | #'(lambda () | |
4453 | (interactive) | |
4454 | (set-window-vscroll (selected-window) | |
4455 | (- (window-vscroll) 0.5))))) | |
4456 | ||
4457 | ** New hook `fontification-functions'. | |
4458 | ||
4459 | Functions from `fontification-functions' are called from redisplay | |
4460 | when it encounters a region of text that is not yet fontified. This | |
4461 | variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set. Each function | |
4462 | is called with one argument, POS. | |
4463 | ||
4464 | At least one of the hook functions should fontify one or more | |
4465 | characters starting at POS in the current buffer. It should mark them | |
4466 | as fontified by giving them a non-nil value of the `fontified' text | |
4467 | property. It may be reasonable for these functions to check for the | |
4468 | `fontified' property and not put it back on, but they do not have to. | |
4469 | ||
4470 | ** Tool bar support. | |
4471 | ||
4472 | Emacs supports a tool bar at the top of a frame under X. The frame | |
4473 | parameter `tool-bar-lines' (X resource "toolBar", class "ToolBar") | |
4474 | controls how may lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value | |
4475 | suppresses the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and | |
4476 | `auto-resize-tool-bars' is non-nil the tool bar's size will be changed | |
4477 | automatically so that all tool bar items are visible. | |
4478 | ||
4479 | *** Tool bar item definitions | |
4480 | ||
4481 | Tool bar items are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key | |
4482 | `tool-bar'. For example `(define-key global-map [tool-bar item1] ITEM)' | |
4483 | where ITEM is a list `(menu-item CAPTION BINDING PROPS...)'. | |
4484 | ||
4485 | CAPTION is the caption of the item, If it's not a string, it is | |
4486 | evaluated to get a string. The caption is currently not displayed in | |
4487 | the tool bar, but it is displayed if the item doesn't have a `:help' | |
4488 | property (see below). | |
4489 | ||
4490 | BINDING is the tool bar item's binding. Tool bar items with keymaps as | |
4491 | binding are currently ignored. | |
4492 | ||
4493 | The following properties are recognized: | |
4494 | ||
4495 | `:enable FORM'. | |
4496 | ||
4497 | FORM is evaluated and specifies whether the tool bar item is enabled | |
4498 | or disabled. | |
4499 | ||
4500 | `:visible FORM' | |
4501 | ||
4502 | FORM is evaluated and specifies whether the tool bar item is displayed. | |
4503 | ||
4504 | `:filter FUNCTION' | |
4505 | ||
4506 | FUNCTION is called with one parameter, the same list BINDING in which | |
4507 | FUNCTION is specified as the filter. The value FUNCTION returns is | |
4508 | used instead of BINDING to display this item. | |
4509 | ||
4510 | `:button (TYPE SELECTED)' | |
4511 | ||
4512 | TYPE must be one of `:radio' or `:toggle'. SELECTED is evaluated | |
4513 | and specifies whether the button is selected (pressed) or not. | |
4514 | ||
4515 | `:image IMAGES' | |
4516 | ||
4517 | IMAGES is either a single image specification or a vector of four | |
4518 | image specifications. If it is a vector, this table lists the | |
4519 | meaning of each of the four elements: | |
4520 | ||
4521 | Index Use when item is | |
4522 | ---------------------------------------- | |
4523 | 0 enabled and selected | |
4524 | 1 enabled and deselected | |
4525 | 2 disabled and selected | |
4526 | 3 disabled and deselected | |
4527 | ||
4528 | If IMAGE is a single image specification, a Laplace edge-detection | |
4529 | algorithm is used on that image to draw the image in disabled state. | |
4530 | ||
4531 | `:help HELP-STRING'. | |
4532 | ||
4533 | Gives a help string to display for the tool bar item. This help | |
4534 | is displayed when the mouse is moved over the item. | |
4535 | ||
4536 | The function `toolbar-add-item' is a convenience function for adding | |
4537 | toolbar items generally, and `tool-bar-add-item-from-menu' can be used | |
4538 | to define a toolbar item with a binding copied from an item on the | |
4539 | menu bar. | |
4540 | ||
4541 | The default bindings use a menu-item :filter to derive the tool-bar | |
4542 | dynamically from variable `tool-bar-map' which may be set | |
4543 | buffer-locally to override the global map. | |
4544 | ||
4545 | *** Tool-bar-related variables. | |
4546 | ||
4547 | If `auto-resize-tool-bar' is non-nil, the tool bar will automatically | |
4548 | resize to show all defined tool bar items. It will never grow larger | |
4549 | than 1/4 of the frame's size. | |
4550 | ||
4551 | If `auto-raise-tool-bar-buttons' is non-nil, tool bar buttons will be | |
4552 | raised when the mouse moves over them. | |
4553 | ||
4554 | You can add extra space between tool bar items by setting | |
4555 | `tool-bar-button-margin' to a positive integer specifying a number of | |
4556 | pixels, or a pair of integers (X . Y) specifying horizontal and | |
4557 | vertical margins . Default is 1. | |
4558 | ||
4559 | You can change the shadow thickness of tool bar buttons by setting | |
4560 | `tool-bar-button-relief' to an integer. Default is 3. | |
4561 | ||
4562 | *** Tool-bar clicks with modifiers. | |
4563 | ||
4564 | You can bind commands to clicks with control, shift, meta etc. on | |
4565 | a tool bar item. If | |
4566 | ||
4567 | (define-key global-map [tool-bar shell] | |
4568 | '(menu-item "Shell" shell | |
4569 | :image (image :type xpm :file "shell.xpm"))) | |
4570 | ||
4571 | is the original tool bar item definition, then | |
4572 | ||
4573 | (define-key global-map [tool-bar S-shell] 'some-command) | |
4574 | ||
4575 | makes a binding to run `some-command' for a shifted click on the same | |
4576 | item. | |
4577 | ||
4578 | ** Mode line changes. | |
4579 | ||
4580 | *** Mouse-sensitive mode line. | |
4581 | ||
4582 | The mode line can be made mouse-sensitive by displaying strings there | |
4583 | that have a `local-map' text property. There are three ways to display | |
4584 | a string with a `local-map' property in the mode line. | |
4585 | ||
4586 | 1. The mode line spec contains a variable whose string value has | |
4587 | a `local-map' text property. | |
4588 | ||
4589 | 2. The mode line spec contains a format specifier (e.g. `%12b'), and | |
4590 | that format specifier has a `local-map' property. | |
4591 | ||
4592 | 3. The mode line spec contains a list containing `:eval FORM'. FORM | |
4593 | is evaluated. If the result is a string, and that string has a | |
4594 | `local-map' property. | |
4595 | ||
4596 | The same mechanism is used to determine the `face' and `help-echo' | |
4597 | properties of strings in the mode line. See `bindings.el' for an | |
4598 | example. | |
4599 | ||
4600 | *** If a mode line element has the form `(:eval FORM)', FORM is | |
4601 | evaluated and the result is used as mode line element. | |
4602 | ||
4603 | *** You can suppress mode-line display by setting the buffer-local | |
4604 | variable mode-line-format to nil. | |
4605 | ||
4606 | *** A headerline can now be displayed at the top of a window. | |
4607 | ||
4608 | This mode line's contents are controlled by the new variable | |
4609 | `header-line-format' and `default-header-line-format' which are | |
4610 | completely analogous to `mode-line-format' and | |
4611 | `default-mode-line-format'. A value of nil means don't display a top | |
4612 | line. | |
4613 | ||
4614 | The appearance of top mode lines is controlled by the face | |
4615 | `header-line'. | |
4616 | ||
4617 | The function `coordinates-in-window-p' returns `header-line' for a | |
4618 | position in the header-line. | |
4619 | ||
4620 | ** Text property `display' | |
4621 | ||
4622 | The `display' text property is used to insert images into text, | |
4623 | replace text with other text, display text in marginal area, and it is | |
4624 | also used to control other aspects of how text displays. The value of | |
4625 | the `display' property should be a display specification, as described | |
4626 | below, or a list or vector containing display specifications. | |
4627 | ||
4628 | *** Replacing text, displaying text in marginal areas | |
4629 | ||
4630 | To replace the text having the `display' property with some other | |
4631 | text, use a display specification of the form `(LOCATION STRING)'. | |
4632 | ||
4633 | If LOCATION is `(margin left-margin)', STRING is displayed in the left | |
4634 | marginal area, if it is `(margin right-margin)', it is displayed in | |
4635 | the right marginal area, and if LOCATION is `(margin nil)' STRING | |
4636 | is displayed in the text. In the latter case you can also use the | |
4637 | simpler form STRING as property value. | |
4638 | ||
4639 | *** Variable width and height spaces | |
4640 | ||
4641 | To display a space of fractional width or height, use a display | |
22bcf204 | 4642 | specification of the form `(LOCATION STRETCH)'. If LOCATION is |
9a21d88b KS |
4643 | `(margin left-margin)', the space is displayed in the left marginal |
4644 | area, if it is `(margin right-margin)', it is displayed in the right | |
4645 | marginal area, and if LOCATION is `(margin nil)' the space is | |
4646 | displayed in the text. In the latter case you can also use the | |
4647 | simpler form STRETCH as property value. | |
4648 | ||
4649 | The stretch specification STRETCH itself is a list of the form `(space | |
4650 | PROPS)', where PROPS is a property list which can contain the | |
4651 | properties described below. | |
4652 | ||
4653 | The display of the fractional space replaces the display of the | |
4654 | characters having the `display' property. | |
4655 | ||
4656 | - :width WIDTH | |
4657 | ||
4658 | Specifies that the space width should be WIDTH times the normal | |
4659 | character width. WIDTH can be an integer or floating point number. | |
4660 | ||
4661 | - :relative-width FACTOR | |
4662 | ||
4663 | Specifies that the width of the stretch should be computed from the | |
4664 | first character in a group of consecutive characters that have the | |
4665 | same `display' property. The computation is done by multiplying the | |
4666 | width of that character by FACTOR. | |
4667 | ||
4668 | - :align-to HPOS | |
4669 | ||
4670 | Specifies that the space should be wide enough to reach HPOS. The | |
4671 | value HPOS is measured in units of the normal character width. | |
4672 | ||
4673 | Exactly one of the above properties should be used. | |
4674 | ||
4675 | - :height HEIGHT | |
4676 | ||
4677 | Specifies the height of the space, as HEIGHT, measured in terms of the | |
4678 | normal line height. | |
4679 | ||
4680 | - :relative-height FACTOR | |
4681 | ||
4682 | The height of the space is computed as the product of the height | |
4683 | of the text having the `display' property and FACTOR. | |
4684 | ||
4685 | - :ascent ASCENT | |
4686 | ||
4687 | Specifies that ASCENT percent of the height of the stretch should be | |
4688 | used for the ascent of the stretch, i.e. for the part above the | |
4689 | baseline. The value of ASCENT must be a non-negative number less or | |
4690 | equal to 100. | |
4691 | ||
4692 | You should not use both `:height' and `:relative-height' together. | |
4693 | ||
4694 | *** Images | |
4695 | ||
4696 | A display specification for an image has the form `(LOCATION | |
4697 | . IMAGE)', where IMAGE is an image specification. The image replaces, | |
4698 | in the display, the characters having this display specification in | |
4699 | their `display' text property. If LOCATION is `(margin left-margin)', | |
4700 | the image will be displayed in the left marginal area, if it is | |
4701 | `(margin right-margin)' it will be displayed in the right marginal | |
4702 | area, and if LOCATION is `(margin nil)' the image will be displayed in | |
4703 | the text. In the latter case you can also use the simpler form IMAGE | |
4704 | as display specification. | |
4705 | ||
4706 | *** Other display properties | |
4707 | ||
4708 | - (space-width FACTOR) | |
4709 | ||
4710 | Specifies that space characters in the text having that property | |
4711 | should be displayed FACTOR times as wide as normal; FACTOR must be an | |
4712 | integer or float. | |
4713 | ||
4714 | - (height HEIGHT) | |
4715 | ||
4716 | Display text having this property in a font that is smaller or larger. | |
4717 | ||
4718 | If HEIGHT is a list of the form `(+ N)', where N is an integer, that | |
4719 | means to use a font that is N steps larger. If HEIGHT is a list of | |
4720 | the form `(- N)', that means to use a font that is N steps smaller. A | |
4721 | ``step'' is defined by the set of available fonts; each size for which | |
4722 | a font is available counts as a step. | |
4723 | ||
4724 | If HEIGHT is a number, that means to use a font that is HEIGHT times | |
4725 | as tall as the frame's default font. | |
4726 | ||
4727 | If HEIGHT is a symbol, it is called as a function with the current | |
4728 | height as argument. The function should return the new height to use. | |
4729 | ||
4730 | Otherwise, HEIGHT is evaluated to get the new height, with the symbol | |
4731 | `height' bound to the current specified font height. | |
4732 | ||
4733 | - (raise FACTOR) | |
4734 | ||
4735 | FACTOR must be a number, specifying a multiple of the current | |
4736 | font's height. If it is positive, that means to display the characters | |
4737 | raised. If it is negative, that means to display them lower down. The | |
4738 | amount of raising or lowering is computed without taking account of the | |
4739 | `height' subproperty. | |
4740 | ||
4741 | *** Conditional display properties | |
4742 | ||
4743 | All display specifications can be conditionalized. If a specification | |
4744 | has the form `(when CONDITION . SPEC)', the specification SPEC applies | |
4745 | only when CONDITION yields a non-nil value when evaluated. During the | |
4746 | evaluation, `object' is bound to the string or buffer having the | |
4747 | conditional display property; `position' and `buffer-position' are | |
4748 | bound to the position within `object' and the buffer position where | |
4749 | the display property was found, respectively. Both positions can be | |
4750 | different when object is a string. | |
4751 | ||
4752 | The normal specification consisting of SPEC only is equivalent to | |
4753 | `(when t . SPEC)'. | |
4754 | ||
4755 | ** New menu separator types. | |
4756 | ||
4757 | Emacs now supports more than one menu separator type. Menu items with | |
4758 | item names consisting of dashes only (including zero dashes) are | |
4759 | treated like before. In addition, the following item names are used | |
4760 | to specify other menu separator types. | |
4761 | ||
4762 | - `--no-line' or `--space', or `--:space', or `--:noLine' | |
4763 | ||
4764 | No separator lines are drawn, but a small space is inserted where the | |
4765 | separator occurs. | |
4766 | ||
4767 | - `--single-line' or `--:singleLine' | |
4768 | ||
4769 | A single line in the menu's foreground color. | |
4770 | ||
4771 | - `--double-line' or `--:doubleLine' | |
4772 | ||
4773 | A double line in the menu's foreground color. | |
4774 | ||
4775 | - `--single-dashed-line' or `--:singleDashedLine' | |
4776 | ||
4777 | A single dashed line in the menu's foreground color. | |
4778 | ||
4779 | - `--double-dashed-line' or `--:doubleDashedLine' | |
4780 | ||
4781 | A double dashed line in the menu's foreground color. | |
4782 | ||
4783 | - `--shadow-etched-in' or `--:shadowEtchedIn' | |
4784 | ||
4785 | A single line with 3D sunken appearance. This is the form | |
4786 | displayed for item names consisting of dashes only. | |
4787 | ||
4788 | - `--shadow-etched-out' or `--:shadowEtchedOut' | |
4789 | ||
4790 | A single line with 3D raised appearance. | |
4791 | ||
4792 | - `--shadow-etched-in-dash' or `--:shadowEtchedInDash' | |
4793 | ||
4794 | A single dashed line with 3D sunken appearance. | |
4795 | ||
4796 | - `--shadow-etched-out-dash' or `--:shadowEtchedOutDash' | |
4797 | ||
4798 | A single dashed line with 3D raise appearance. | |
4799 | ||
4800 | - `--shadow-double-etched-in' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedIn' | |
4801 | ||
4802 | Two lines with 3D sunken appearance. | |
4803 | ||
4804 | - `--shadow-double-etched-out' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedOut' | |
4805 | ||
4806 | Two lines with 3D raised appearance. | |
4807 | ||
4808 | - `--shadow-double-etched-in-dash' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedInDash' | |
4809 | ||
4810 | Two dashed lines with 3D sunken appearance. | |
4811 | ||
4812 | - `--shadow-double-etched-out-dash' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedOutDash' | |
4813 | ||
4814 | Two dashed lines with 3D raised appearance. | |
4815 | ||
4816 | Under LessTif/Motif, the last four separator types are displayed like | |
4817 | the corresponding single-line separators. | |
4818 | ||
4819 | ** New frame parameters for scroll bar colors. | |
4820 | ||
4821 | The new frame parameters `scroll-bar-foreground' and | |
4822 | `scroll-bar-background' can be used to change scroll bar colors. | |
4823 | Their value must be either a color name, a string, or nil to specify | |
4824 | that scroll bars should use a default color. For toolkit scroll bars, | |
4825 | default colors are toolkit specific. For non-toolkit scroll bars, the | |
4826 | default background is the background color of the frame, and the | |
4827 | default foreground is black. | |
4828 | ||
4829 | The X resource name of these parameters are `scrollBarForeground' | |
4830 | (class ScrollBarForeground) and `scrollBarBackground' (class | |
4831 | `ScrollBarBackground'). | |
4832 | ||
4833 | Setting these parameters overrides toolkit specific X resource | |
4834 | settings for scroll bar colors. | |
4835 | ||
4836 | ** You can set `redisplay-dont-pause' to a non-nil value to prevent | |
4837 | display updates from being interrupted when input is pending. | |
4838 | ||
4839 | ** Changing a window's width may now change its window start if it | |
4840 | starts on a continuation line. The new window start is computed based | |
4841 | on the window's new width, starting from the start of the continued | |
4842 | line as the start of the screen line with the minimum distance from | |
4843 | the original window start. | |
4844 | ||
4845 | ** The variable `hscroll-step' and the functions | |
4846 | `hscroll-point-visible' and `hscroll-window-column' have been removed | |
4847 | now that proper horizontal scrolling is implemented. | |
4848 | ||
4849 | ** Windows can now be made fixed-width and/or fixed-height. | |
4850 | ||
4851 | A window is fixed-size if its buffer has a buffer-local variable | |
4852 | `window-size-fixed' whose value is not nil. A value of `height' makes | |
4853 | windows fixed-height, a value of `width' makes them fixed-width, any | |
4854 | other non-nil value makes them both fixed-width and fixed-height. | |
4855 | ||
4856 | The following code makes all windows displaying the current buffer | |
4857 | fixed-width and fixed-height. | |
4858 | ||
4859 | (set (make-local-variable 'window-size-fixed) t) | |
4860 | ||
4861 | A call to enlarge-window on a window gives an error if that window is | |
4862 | fixed-width and it is tried to change the window's width, or if the | |
4863 | window is fixed-height, and it is tried to change its height. To | |
4864 | change the size of a fixed-size window, bind `window-size-fixed' | |
4865 | temporarily to nil, for example | |
4866 | ||
4867 | (let ((window-size-fixed nil)) | |
4868 | (enlarge-window 10)) | |
4869 | ||
4870 | Likewise, an attempt to split a fixed-height window vertically, | |
4871 | or a fixed-width window horizontally results in a error. | |
4872 | ||
4873 | ** The cursor-type frame parameter is now supported on MS-DOS | |
4874 | terminals. When Emacs starts, it by default changes the cursor shape | |
4875 | to a solid box, as it does on Unix. The `cursor-type' frame parameter | |
4876 | overrides this as it does on Unix, except that the bar cursor is | |
4877 | horizontal rather than vertical (since the MS-DOS display doesn't | |
4878 | support a vertical-bar cursor). | |
4879 | ||
4880 | ||
4881 | \f | |
4882 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
5b87ad55 | 4883 | This file is part of GNU Emacs. |
9a21d88b | 4884 | |
ab73e885 | 4885 | GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
5b87ad55 | 4886 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
ab73e885 GM |
4887 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
4888 | (at your option) any later version. | |
5b87ad55 GM |
4889 | |
4890 | GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
4891 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
4892 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
4893 | GNU General Public License for more details. | |
9a21d88b | 4894 | |
5b87ad55 | 4895 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
ab73e885 | 4896 | along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
9a21d88b | 4897 | |
9a21d88b KS |
4898 | \f |
4899 | Local variables: | |
4900 | mode: outline | |
4901 | paragraph-separate: "[ \f]*$" | |
4902 | end: |