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49844623 | 1 | .TH GFDL 1 "2005 September 17" |
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2 | .SH NAME |
3 | GFDL \- The GNU Free Documentation License | |
4 | ||
5 | .ce | |
49844623 | 6 | Version 1.2, November 2002 |
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7 | |
8 | .hy 0 | |
9 | .na | |
10 | Copyright | |
11 | .if t \(co | |
12 | .if n (c) | |
bfd6d01a | 13 | 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
364c38d3 | 14 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA |
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15 | |
16 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
17 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
18 | .hy 1 | |
19 | .ad | |
20 | ||
21 | .br | |
22 | .SH 0. PREAMBLE | |
23 | ||
24 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
49844623 RF |
25 | functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to |
26 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | |
27 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | |
28 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | |
29 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | |
30 | for modifications made by others. | |
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31 | |
32 | This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative | |
33 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
34 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
35 | license designed for free software. | |
36 | ||
37 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
38 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
39 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
40 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
41 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
42 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
43 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
44 | ||
45 | .SH 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
46 | ||
49844623 RF |
47 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
48 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | |
49 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | |
50 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | |
51 | work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, | |
52 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | |
53 | licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you | |
54 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | |
55 | under copyright law. | |
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56 | |
57 | A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the | |
58 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
59 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
60 | ||
61 | A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of | |
62 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
63 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject | |
64 | (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly | |
49844623 | 65 | within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a |
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66 | textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
67 | mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
68 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
69 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
70 | them. | |
71 | ||
72 | The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
73 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
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74 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
75 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | |
76 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | |
77 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | |
78 | Sections then there are none. | |
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79 | |
80 | The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
81 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
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82 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
83 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | |
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84 | |
85 | A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
86 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
49844623 | 87 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
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88 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
89 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
90 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
91 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
92 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
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93 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
94 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | |
95 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | |
96 | of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". | |
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97 | |
98 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
99 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML | |
100 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple | |
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101 | HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of |
102 | transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats | |
103 | include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by | |
104 | proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or | |
7eae0a38 | 105 | processing tools are not generally available, and the |
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106 | machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word |
107 | processors for output purposes only. | |
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108 | |
109 | The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
110 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
111 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
112 | formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means | |
113 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
114 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
115 | ||
49844623 RF |
116 | A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose |
117 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | |
118 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | |
119 | specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", | |
120 | "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" | |
121 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | |
122 | section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. | |
123 | ||
124 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | |
125 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | |
126 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | |
127 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
128 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | |
129 | no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
130 | ||
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131 | .SH 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
132 | ||
133 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
134 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
135 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
136 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
137 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
138 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
139 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
140 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
141 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
142 | ||
143 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
144 | you may publicly display copies. | |
145 | ||
146 | .SH 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
147 | ||
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148 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
149 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | |
150 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | |
151 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
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152 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
153 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
154 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
155 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
156 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
157 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
158 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
159 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
160 | ||
161 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
162 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
163 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
164 | pages. | |
165 | ||
166 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
167 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
168 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
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169 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
170 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | |
171 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | |
172 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | |
173 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | |
174 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | |
175 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | |
176 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | |
177 | edition to the public. | |
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178 | |
179 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
180 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
181 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
182 | ||
183 | .SH 4. MODIFICATIONS | |
184 | ||
185 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
186 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
187 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
188 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
189 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
190 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
191 | .TP | |
192 | A. | |
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193 | Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from |
194 | that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, | |
195 | if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). | |
196 | You may use the same title as a previous version if the original | |
197 | publisher of that version gives permission. | |
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198 | .TP |
199 | B. | |
200 | List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
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201 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, |
202 | together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document | |
203 | (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they | |
204 | release you from this requirement. | |
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205 | .TP |
206 | C. | |
207 | State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
208 | Modified Version, as the publisher. | |
209 | .TP | |
210 | D. | |
211 | Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. | |
212 | .TP | |
213 | E. | |
214 | Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
215 | adjacent to the other copyright notices. | |
216 | .TP | |
217 | F. | |
218 | Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
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219 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms |
220 | of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. | |
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221 | .TP |
222 | G. | |
223 | Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
224 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. | |
225 | .TP | |
226 | H. | |
227 | Include an unaltered copy of this License. | |
228 | .TP | |
229 | I. | |
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230 | Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to |
231 | it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher | |
232 | of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no | |
233 | section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the | |
234 | title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its | |
235 | Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated | |
236 | in the previous sentence. | |
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237 | .TP |
238 | J. | |
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239 | Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public |
240 | access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network | |
241 | locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. | |
242 | These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network | |
243 | location for a work that was published at least four years before the | |
244 | Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers | |
245 | to gives permission. | |
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246 | .TP |
247 | K. | |
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248 | For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve |
249 | the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance | |
250 | and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications | |
251 | given therein. | |
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252 | .TP |
253 | L. | |
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254 | Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their |
255 | text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not | |
256 | considered part of the section titles. | |
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257 | .TP |
258 | M. | |
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259 | Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be |
260 | included in the Modified Version. | |
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261 | .TP |
262 | N. | |
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263 | Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to |
264 | conflict in title with any Invariant Section. | |
265 | .TP | |
266 | O. | |
267 | Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. | |
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268 | .PP |
269 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
270 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
271 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
272 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
273 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
274 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
275 | ||
49844623 | 276 | You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
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277 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
278 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
279 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
280 | standard. | |
281 | ||
282 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
283 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
284 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
285 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
286 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
287 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
288 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
289 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
290 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
291 | ||
292 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
293 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
294 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
295 | ||
296 | .SH 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
297 | ||
298 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
299 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
300 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
301 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
302 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
49844623 | 303 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
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304 | |
305 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
306 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
307 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
308 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
309 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
310 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
311 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
312 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
313 | ||
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314 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" |
315 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | |
316 | "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", | |
317 | and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections | |
318 | Entitled "Endorsements". | |
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319 | |
320 | .SH 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
321 | ||
322 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
323 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
324 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
325 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
326 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
327 | ||
328 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
329 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
330 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
331 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
332 | ||
333 | .SH 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
334 | ||
335 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
336 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
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337 | distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright |
338 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | |
339 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
340 | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not | |
341 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | |
342 | derivative works of the Document. | |
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343 | |
344 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
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345 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
346 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
347 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
348 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | |
349 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | |
350 | aggregate. | |
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351 | |
352 | .SH 8. TRANSLATION | |
353 | ||
354 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
355 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
356 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
357 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
358 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
359 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
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360 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
361 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | |
362 | the original English version of this License and the original versions | |
363 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | |
364 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | |
365 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | |
366 | ||
367 | If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", | |
368 | "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | |
369 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | |
370 | title. | |
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371 | |
372 | .SH 9. TERMINATION | |
373 | ||
374 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
375 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
376 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
377 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
378 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
379 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
380 | parties remain in full compliance. | |
381 | ||
382 | .SH 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
383 | ||
384 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
385 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
386 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
387 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
388 | \fBhttp://www.gnu.org/copyleft/\fP. | |
389 | ||
390 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
391 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
392 | License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of | |
393 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
394 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
395 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
396 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
397 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
398 | ||
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399 | .SH ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
400 | ||
401 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
402 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
403 | license notices just after the title page: | |
404 | ||
405 | .hy 0 | |
406 | .na | |
407 | Copyright | |
408 | .if t \(co | |
409 | .if n (c) | |
410 | [\fIyear\fP] [\fIyour name\fP]. | |
411 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
49844623 | 412 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 |
7eae0a38 | 413 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
49844623 | 414 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. |
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415 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
416 | Free Documentation License." | |
417 | .ad | |
418 | .hy 1 | |
419 | ||
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420 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, |
421 | replace the "with...Texts." line with this: | |
422 | ||
423 | .hy 0 | |
424 | .na | |
425 | with the Invariant Sections being [\fILIST THEIR TITLES\fP], with the | |
426 | Front-Cover Texts being [\fILIST\fP], and with the Back-Cover Texts being | |
427 | [\fILIST\fP]. | |
428 | .ad | |
429 | .hy 1 | |
430 | ||
431 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other | |
432 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | |
433 | situation. | |
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434 | |
435 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
436 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
437 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
438 | to permit their use in free software. | |
ab5796a9 MB |
439 | |
440 | .\" arch-tag: 3a15de89-40c2-46b8-a9a2-0710357a9baa |