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ebc956ca | 1 | @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
40ace058 | 2 | @c Copyright (C) 2000-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
ebc956ca | 3 | @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
abb9615e | 4 | @node Mac OS / GNUstep |
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5 | @appendix Emacs and Mac OS / GNUstep |
6 | @cindex Mac OS X | |
ebc956ca | 7 | @cindex Macintosh |
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8 | @cindex GNUstep |
9 | ||
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10 | This section describes the peculiarities of using Emacs built with |
11 | the GNUstep libraries on GNU/Linux or other operating systems, or on | |
12 | Mac OS X with native window system support. On Mac OS X, Emacs can be | |
13 | built either without window system support, with X11, or with the | |
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14 | Cocoa interface; this section only applies to the Cocoa build. This |
15 | does not support versions of Mac OS X earlier than 10.4. | |
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16 | |
17 | For various historical and technical reasons, Emacs uses the term | |
18 | @samp{Nextstep} internally, instead of ``Cocoa'' or ``Mac OS X''; for | |
19 | instance, most of the commands and variables described in this section | |
20 | begin with @samp{ns-}, which is short for @samp{Nextstep}. NeXTstep | |
21 | was an application interface released by NeXT Inc during the 1980s, of | |
22 | which Cocoa is a direct descendant. Apart from Cocoa, there is | |
23 | another NeXTstep-style system: GNUstep, which is free software. As of | |
40ace058 | 24 | this writing, Emacs GNUstep support is alpha status (@pxref{GNUstep |
ec8a6295 | 25 | Support}), but we hope to improve it in the future. |
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26 | |
27 | @menu | |
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28 | * Mac / GNUstep Basics:: Basic Emacs usage under GNUstep or Mac OS. |
29 | * Mac / GNUstep Customization:: Customizations under GNUstep or Mac OS. | |
30 | * Mac / GNUstep Events:: How window system events are handled. | |
a6936c4b | 31 | * GNUstep Support:: Details on status of GNUstep support. |
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32 | @end menu |
33 | ||
abb9615e | 34 | @node Mac / GNUstep Basics |
e93bc142 | 35 | @section Basic Emacs usage under Mac OS and GNUstep |
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36 | |
37 | By default, the @key{alt} and @key{option} keys are the same as | |
ec8a6295 | 38 | @key{Meta}. The Mac @key{Cmd} key is the same as @key{Super}, and |
e7a3ff06 | 39 | Emacs provides a set of key bindings using this modifier key that mimic |
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40 | other Mac / GNUstep applications (@pxref{Mac / GNUstep Events}). You |
41 | can change these bindings in the usual way (@pxref{Key Bindings}). | |
42 | ||
40ace058 | 43 | @c FIXME mention ns-alternate-modifier? |
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44 | The variable @code{ns-right-alternate-modifier} controls the |
45 | behavior of the right @key{alt} and @key{option} keys. These keys | |
46 | behave like the left-hand keys if the value is @code{left} (the | |
47 | default). A value of @code{control}, @code{meta}, @code{alt}, | |
48 | @code{super}, or @code{hyper} makes them behave like the corresponding | |
49 | modifier keys; a value of @code{none} tells Emacs to ignore them. | |
50 | ||
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51 | @kbd{S-Mouse-1} adjusts the region to the click position, |
52 | just like @kbd{Mouse-3} (@code{mouse-save-then-kill}); it does not pop | |
53 | up a menu for changing the default face, as @kbd{S-Mouse-1} normally | |
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54 | does (@pxref{Text Scale}). This change makes Emacs behave more like |
55 | other Mac / GNUstep applications. | |
8be76823 | 56 | |
ec8a6295 | 57 | When you open or save files using the menus, or using the |
40ace058 | 58 | @kbd{Cmd-o} and @kbd{Cmd-S} bindings, Emacs uses graphical file |
8be76823 | 59 | dialogs to read file names. However, if you use the regular Emacs key |
40ace058 | 60 | sequences, such as @kbd{C-x C-f}, Emacs uses the minibuffer to read |
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61 | file names. |
62 | ||
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63 | On GNUstep, in an X-windows environment you need to use @kbd{Cmd-c} |
64 | instead of one of the @kbd{C-w} or @kbd{M-w} commands to transfer text | |
8be76823 | 65 | to the X primary selection; otherwise, Emacs will use the |
40ace058 | 66 | ``clipboard'' selection. Likewise, @kbd{Cmd-y} (instead of @kbd{C-y}) |
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67 | yanks from the X primary selection instead of the kill-ring or |
68 | clipboard. | |
69 | ||
8be76823 | 70 | |
a71703d3 | 71 | @subsection Grabbing environment variables |
8be76823 | 72 | |
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73 | @c How is this any different to launching from a window manager menu |
74 | @c in GNU/Linux? These are sometimes not login shells either. | |
75 | Many programs which may run under Emacs, like latex or man, depend on the | |
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76 | settings of environment variables. If Emacs is launched from the shell, it |
77 | will automatically inherit these environment variables and its subprocesses | |
e93bc142 | 78 | will inherit them from it. But if Emacs is launched from the Finder it |
a71703d3 | 79 | is not a descendant of any shell, so its environment variables haven't been |
a6936c4b | 80 | set, which often causes the subprocesses it launches to behave differently than |
a71703d3 | 81 | they would when launched from the shell. |
8be76823 | 82 | |
a6936c4b | 83 | For the PATH and MANPATH variables, a system-wide method |
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84 | of setting PATH is recommended on Mac OS X 10.5 and later, using the |
85 | @file{/etc/paths} files and the @file{/etc/paths.d} directory. | |
8be76823 | 86 | |
abb9615e | 87 | @node Mac / GNUstep Customization |
e93bc142 | 88 | @section Mac / GNUstep Customization |
8be76823 | 89 | |
e93bc142 | 90 | Emacs can be customized in several ways in addition to the standard |
a71703d3 | 91 | customization buffers and the Options menu. |
8be76823 | 92 | |
8be76823 | 93 | |
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94 | @subsection Font and Color Panels |
95 | ||
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96 | The standard Mac / GNUstep font and color panels are accessible via |
97 | Lisp commands. The Font Panel may be accessed with @kbd{M-x | |
98 | ns-popup-font-panel}. It will set the default font in the frame most | |
99 | recently used or clicked on. | |
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100 | |
101 | @c To make the setting permanent, use @samp{Save Options} in the | |
102 | @c Options menu, or run @code{menu-bar-options-save}. | |
a71703d3 | 103 | |
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104 | You can bring up a color panel with @kbd{M-x ns-popup-color-panel} and |
105 | drag the color you want over the Emacs face you want to change. Normal | |
a71703d3 | 106 | dragging will alter the foreground color. Shift dragging will alter the |
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107 | background color. To discard the settings, create a new frame and |
108 | close the altered one. | |
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109 | |
110 | @c To make the changes permanent select the "Save Options" | |
ec8a6295 | 111 | @c item in the "Options" menu, or run @code{menu-bar-options-save}. |
a00c191c | 112 | |
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113 | Useful in this context is the listing of all faces obtained by |
114 | @kbd{M-x list-faces-display}. | |
a71703d3 | 115 | |
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116 | @subsection Customization options specific to Mac OS / GNUstep |
117 | ||
118 | The following customization options are specific to the Nextstep port. | |
119 | ||
120 | @table @code | |
121 | @item ns-auto-hide-menu-bar | |
122 | Non-nil means the menu-bar is hidden by default, but appears if you | |
40ace058 | 123 | move the mouse pointer over it. (Requires Mac OS X 10.6 or later.) |
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124 | |
125 | @end table | |
126 | ||
127 | ||
abb9615e | 128 | @node Mac / GNUstep Events |
e93bc142 | 129 | @section Windowing System Events under Mac OS / GNUstep |
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130 | |
131 | Nextstep applications receive a number of special events which have | |
132 | no X equivalent. These are sent as specially defined ``keys'', which | |
133 | do not correspond to any sequence of keystrokes. Under Emacs, these | |
134 | ``key'' events can be bound to functions just like ordinary | |
135 | keystrokes. Here is a list of these events. | |
136 | ||
137 | @table @key | |
138 | @item ns-open-file | |
139 | @vindex ns-pop-up-frames | |
140 | This event occurs when another Nextstep application requests that | |
141 | Emacs open a file. A typical reason for this would be a user | |
142 | double-clicking a file in the Finder application. By default, Emacs | |
143 | responds to this event by opening a new frame and visiting the file in | |
a6936c4b | 144 | that frame (@code{ns-find-file}). As an exception, if the selected |
1c64e6ed | 145 | buffer is the @file{*scratch*} buffer, Emacs visits the file in the |
6be93a16 | 146 | selected frame. |
a71703d3 | 147 | |
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148 | You can change how Emacs responds to a @code{ns-open-file} event by |
149 | changing the variable @code{ns-pop-up-frames}. Its default value, | |
150 | @samp{fresh}, is what we have just described. A value of @code{t} | |
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151 | means to always visit the file in a new frame. A value of @code{nil} |
152 | means to always visit the file in an existing frame. | |
153 | ||
154 | @item ns-open-temp-file | |
155 | This event occurs when another application requests that Emacs open a | |
156 | temporary file. By default, this is handled by just generating a | |
157 | @code{ns-open-file} event, the results of which are described above. | |
158 | ||
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159 | @item ns-open-file-line |
160 | Some applications, such as ProjectBuilder and gdb, request not only a | |
161 | particular file, but also a particular line or sequence of lines in | |
162 | the file. Emacs handles this by visiting that file and highlighting | |
163 | the requested line (@code{ns-open-file-select-line}). | |
164 | ||
165 | @item ns-drag-file | |
166 | This event occurs when a user drags files from another application | |
167 | into an Emacs frame. The default behavior is to insert the contents | |
168 | of all the dragged files into the current buffer | |
169 | (@code{ns-insert-files}). The list of dragged files is stored in the | |
170 | variable @code{ns-input-file}. | |
171 | ||
172 | @item ns-drag-color | |
173 | This event occurs when a user drags a color from the color well (or | |
174 | some other source) into an Emacs frame. The default behavior is to | |
175 | alter the foreground color of the area the color was dragged onto | |
176 | (@code{ns-set-foreground-at-mouse}). If this event is issued with a | |
177 | @key{Shift} modifier, Emacs changes the background color instead | |
178 | (@code{ns-set-background-at-mouse}). The name of the dragged color is | |
179 | stored in the variable @code{ns-input-color}. | |
180 | ||
181 | @item ns-change-font | |
182 | This event occurs when the user selects a font in a Nextstep font | |
183 | panel (which can be opened with @kbd{Cmd-t}). The default behavior is | |
184 | to adjust the font of the selected frame | |
185 | (@code{ns-respond-to-changefont}). The name and size of the selected | |
186 | font are stored in the variables @code{ns-input-font} and | |
a6936c4b | 187 | @code{ns-input-fontsize}, respectively. |
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188 | |
189 | @item ns-power-off | |
ec8a6295 | 190 | This event occurs when the user logs out and Emacs is still running, or when |
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191 | `Quit Emacs' is chosen from the application menu. |
192 | The default behavior is to save all file-visiting buffers. | |
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193 | @end table |
194 | ||
195 | Emacs also allows users to make use of Nextstep services, via a set | |
196 | of commands whose names begin with @samp{ns-service-} and end with the | |
40ace058 | 197 | name of the service. Type @kbd{M-x ns-service-@key{TAB}} to |
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198 | see a list of these commands. These functions either operate on |
199 | marked text (replacing it with the result) or take a string argument | |
200 | and return the result as a string. You can also use the Lisp function | |
201 | @code{ns-perform-service} to pass arbitrary strings to arbitrary | |
202 | services and receive the results back. Note that you may need to | |
203 | restart Emacs to access newly-available services. | |
204 | ||
abb9615e | 205 | @node GNUstep Support |
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206 | @section GNUstep Support |
207 | ||
40ace058 | 208 | Emacs can be built and run under GNUstep, but there are still |
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209 | issues to be addressed. Interested developers should contact |
210 | @email{emacs-devel@@gnu.org}. |