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1 | @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 | @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
3 | @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
4 | @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. | |
5 | @node Calendar, Tips, Display, Top | |
6 | @chapter Customizing the Calendar and Diary | |
7 | ||
8 | There are many customizations that you can use to make the calendar and | |
9 | diary suit your personal tastes. | |
10 | ||
11 | @menu | |
12 | * Calendar Customizing:: Defaults you can set. | |
13 | * Holiday Customizing:: Defining your own holidays. | |
14 | * Date Display Format:: Changing the format. | |
15 | * Time Display Format:: Changing the format. | |
16 | * Daylight Savings:: Changing the default. | |
17 | * Diary Customizing:: Defaults you can set. | |
18 | * Hebrew/Islamic Entries:: How to obtain them. | |
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19 | * Fancy Diary Display:: Enhancing the diary display, sorting entries, |
20 | using included diary files. | |
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21 | * Sexp Diary Entries:: Fancy things you can do. |
22 | * Appt Customizing:: Customizing appointment reminders. | |
23 | @end menu | |
24 | ||
25 | @node Calendar Customizing | |
26 | @section Customizing the Calendar | |
27 | @vindex view-diary-entries-initially | |
28 | ||
29 | If you set the variable @code{view-diary-entries-initially} to | |
30 | @code{t}, calling up the calendar automatically displays the diary | |
31 | entries for the current date as well. The diary dates appear only if | |
32 | the current date is visible. If you add both of the following lines to | |
33 | your @file{.emacs} file:@refill | |
34 | ||
35 | @example | |
36 | (setq view-diary-entries-initially t) | |
37 | (calendar) | |
38 | @end example | |
39 | ||
40 | @noindent | |
bea169e9 | 41 | this displays both the calendar and diary windows whenever you start Emacs. |
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42 | |
43 | @vindex view-calendar-holidays-initially | |
44 | Similarly, if you set the variable | |
45 | @code{view-calendar-holidays-initially} to @code{t}, entering the | |
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46 | calendar automatically displays a list of holidays for the current |
47 | three-month period. The holiday list appears in a separate | |
48 | window. | |
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49 | |
50 | @vindex mark-diary-entries-in-calendar | |
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51 | You can set the variable @code{mark-diary-entries-in-calendar} to |
52 | @code{t} in order to mark any dates with diary entries. This takes | |
53 | effect whenever the calendar window contents are recomputed. There are | |
54 | two ways of marking these dates: by changing the face (@pxref{Faces}), | |
55 | if the display supports that, or by placing a plus sign (@samp{+}) | |
56 | beside the date otherwise. | |
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57 | |
58 | @vindex mark-holidays-in-calendar | |
59 | Similarly, setting the variable @code{mark-holidays-in-calendar} to | |
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60 | @code{t} marks holiday dates, either with a change of face or with an |
61 | asterisk (@samp{*}). | |
62 | ||
63 | @vindex calendar-holiday-marker | |
64 | @vindex diary-entry-marker | |
65 | The variable @code{calendar-holiday-marker} specifies how to mark a | |
66 | date as being a holiday. Its value may be a character to insert next to | |
67 | the date, or a face name to use for displaying the date. Likewise, the | |
68 | variable @code{diary-entry-marker} specifies how to mark a date that has | |
69 | diary entries. | |
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70 | |
71 | @vindex calendar-load-hook | |
10c3836a RS |
72 | The variable @code{calendar-load-hook} is a normal hook run when the |
73 | calendar package is first loaded (before actually starting to display | |
74 | the calendar). | |
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75 | |
76 | @vindex initial-calendar-window-hook | |
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77 | Starting the calendar runs the normal hook |
78 | @code{initial-calendar-window-hook}. Recomputation of the calendar | |
79 | display does not run this hook. But if you leave the calendar with the | |
80 | @kbd{q} command and reenter it, the hook runs again.@refill | |
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81 | |
82 | @vindex today-visible-calendar-hook | |
10c3836a RS |
83 | The variable @code{today-visible-calendar-hook} is a normal hook run |
84 | after the calendar buffer has been prepared with the calendar when the | |
85 | current date is visible in the window. One use of this hook is to | |
86 | replace today's date with asterisks; to do that, use the hook function | |
87 | @code{calendar-star-date}. | |
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88 | |
89 | @findex calendar-star-date | |
90 | @example | |
10c3836a | 91 | (add-hook 'today-visible-calendar-hook 'calendar-star-date) |
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92 | @end example |
93 | ||
94 | @noindent | |
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95 | Another standard hook function marks the current date, either by |
96 | changing its face or by adding an asterisk. Here's how to use it: | |
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97 | |
98 | @findex calendar-mark-today | |
99 | @example | |
10c3836a | 100 | (add-hook 'today-visible-calendar-hook 'calendar-mark-today) |
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101 | @end example |
102 | ||
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103 | @noindent |
104 | @vindex calendar-today-marker | |
105 | The variable @code{calendar-today-marker} specifies how to mark today's | |
106 | date. Its value should be a character to insert next to the date or a | |
107 | face name to use for displaying the date. | |
108 | ||
8b96264a RS |
109 | @vindex today-invisible-calendar-hook |
110 | @noindent | |
10c3836a RS |
111 | A similar normal hook, @code{today-invisible-calendar-hook} is run if |
112 | the current date is @emph{not} visible in the window. | |
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113 | |
114 | @node Holiday Customizing | |
115 | @section Customizing the Holidays | |
116 | ||
117 | @vindex calendar-holidays | |
118 | @vindex christian-holidays | |
119 | @vindex hebrew-holidays | |
120 | @vindex islamic-holidays | |
121 | Emacs knows about holidays defined by entries on one of several lists. | |
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122 | You can customize these lists of holidays to your own needs, adding or |
123 | deleting holidays. The lists of holidays that Emacs uses are for | |
124 | general holidays (@code{general-holidays}), local holidays | |
125 | (@code{local-holidays}), Christian holidays (@code{christian-holidays}), | |
126 | Hebrew (Jewish) holidays (@code{hebrew-holidays}), Islamic (Moslem) | |
127 | holidays (@code{islamic-holidays}), and other holidays | |
128 | (@code{other-holidays}). | |
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129 | |
130 | @vindex general-holidays | |
131 | The general holidays are, by default, holidays common throughout the | |
132 | United States. To eliminate these holidays, set @code{general-holidays} | |
133 | to @code{nil}. | |
134 | ||
135 | @vindex local-holidays | |
136 | There are no default local holidays (but sites may supply some). You | |
137 | can set the variable @code{local-holidays} to any list of holidays, as | |
138 | described below. | |
139 | ||
140 | @vindex all-christian-calendar-holidays | |
141 | @vindex all-hebrew-calendar-holidays | |
142 | @vindex all-islamic-calendar-holidays | |
10c3836a | 143 | By default, Emacs does not include all the holidays of the religions |
bea169e9 | 144 | that it knows, only those commonly found in secular calendars. For a |
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145 | more extensive collection of religious holidays, you can set any (or |
146 | all) of the variables @code{all-christian-calendar-holidays}, | |
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147 | @code{all-hebrew-calendar-holidays}, or |
148 | @code{all-islamic-calendar-holidays} to @code{t}. If you want to | |
149 | eliminate the religious holidays, set any or all of the corresponding | |
150 | variables @code{christian-holidays}, @code{hebrew-holidays}, and | |
151 | @code{islamic-holidays} to @code{nil}.@refill | |
152 | ||
153 | @vindex other-holidays | |
154 | You can set the variable @code{other-holidays} to any list of | |
10c3836a | 155 | holidays. This list, normally empty, is intended for individual use. |
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156 | |
157 | @cindex holiday forms | |
158 | Each of the lists (@code{general-holidays}, @code{local-holidays}, | |
159 | @code{christian-holidays}, @code{hebrew-holidays}, | |
160 | @code{islamic-holidays}, and @code{other-holidays}) is a list of | |
161 | @dfn{holiday forms}, each holiday form describing a holiday (or | |
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162 | sometimes a list of holidays). |
163 | ||
164 | Here is a table of the possible kinds of holiday form. Day numbers | |
bea169e9 | 165 | and month numbers count starting from 1, but ``dayname'' numbers |
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166 | count Sunday as 0. The element @var{string} is always the |
167 | name of the holiday, as a string. | |
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168 | |
169 | @table @code | |
170 | @item (holiday-fixed @var{month} @var{day} @var{string}) | |
bea169e9 | 171 | A fixed date on the Gregorian calendar. |
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172 | |
173 | @item (holiday-float @var{month} @var{dayname} @var{k} @var{string}) | |
174 | The @var{k}th @var{dayname} in @var{month} on the Gregorian calendar | |
175 | (@var{dayname}=0 for Sunday, and so on); negative @var{k} means count back | |
10c3836a | 176 | from the end of the month. |
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177 | |
178 | @item (holiday-hebrew @var{month} @var{day} @var{string}) | |
bea169e9 | 179 | A fixed date on the Hebrew calendar. |
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180 | |
181 | @item (holiday-islamic @var{month} @var{day} @var{string}) | |
bea169e9 | 182 | A fixed date on the Islamic calendar. |
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183 | |
184 | @item (holiday-julian @var{month} @var{day} @var{string}) | |
bea169e9 | 185 | A fixed date on the Julian calendar. |
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186 | |
187 | @item (holiday-sexp @var{sexp} @var{string}) | |
10c3836a | 188 | A date calculated by the Lisp expression @var{sexp}. The expression |
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189 | should use the variable @code{year} to compute and return the date of a |
190 | holiday, or @code{nil} if the holiday doesn't happen this year. The | |
191 | value of @var{sexp} must represent the date as a list of the form | |
192 | @code{(@var{month} @var{day} @var{year})}. | |
193 | ||
194 | @item (if @var{condition} @var{holiday-form}) | |
195 | A holiday that happens only if @var{condition} is true. | |
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196 | |
197 | @item (@var{function} @r{[}@var{args}@r{]}) | |
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198 | A list of dates calculated by the function @var{function}, called with |
199 | arguments @var{args}. | |
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200 | @end table |
201 | ||
202 | For example, suppose you want to add Bastille Day, celebrated in | |
10c3836a | 203 | France on July 14. You can do this as follows: |
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204 | |
205 | @smallexample | |
206 | (setq other-holidays '((holiday-fixed 7 14 "Bastille Day"))) | |
207 | @end smallexample | |
208 | ||
209 | @noindent | |
210 | The holiday form @code{(holiday-fixed 7 14 "Bastille Day")} specifies the | |
211 | fourteenth day of the seventh month (July). | |
212 | ||
213 | Many holidays occur on a specific day of the week, at a specific time | |
214 | of month. Here is a holiday form describing Hurricane Supplication Day, | |
215 | celebrated in the Virgin Islands on the fourth Monday in August: | |
216 | ||
217 | @smallexample | |
218 | (holiday-float 8 1 4 "Hurricane Supplication Day") | |
219 | @end smallexample | |
220 | ||
221 | @noindent | |
222 | Here the 8 specifies August, the 1 specifies Monday (Sunday is 0, | |
223 | Tuesday is 2, and so on), and the 4 specifies the fourth occurrence in | |
224 | the month (1 specifies the first occurrence, 2 the second occurrence, | |
225 | @minus{}1 the last occurrence, @minus{}2 the second-to-last occurrence, and | |
226 | so on). | |
227 | ||
228 | You can specify holidays that occur on fixed days of the Hebrew, | |
229 | Islamic, and Julian calendars too. For example, | |
230 | ||
231 | @smallexample | |
232 | (setq other-holidays | |
233 | '((holiday-hebrew 10 2 "Last day of Hanukkah") | |
234 | (holiday-islamic 3 12 "Mohammed's Birthday") | |
235 | (holiday-julian 4 2 "Jefferson's Birthday"))) | |
236 | @end smallexample | |
237 | ||
238 | @noindent | |
239 | adds the last day of Hanukkah (since the Hebrew months are numbered with | |
240 | 1 starting from Nisan), the Islamic feast celebrating Mohammed's | |
241 | birthday (since the Islamic months are numbered from 1 starting with | |
242 | Muharram), and Thomas Jefferson's birthday, which is 2 April 1743 on the | |
243 | Julian calendar. | |
244 | ||
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245 | To include a holiday conditionally, use either Emacs Lisp's @code{if} or the |
246 | @code{holiday-sexp} form. For example, American presidential elections | |
247 | occur on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of years | |
248 | divisible by 4: | |
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249 | |
250 | @smallexample | |
251 | (holiday-sexp (if (= 0 (% year 4)) | |
252 | (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute | |
bea169e9 RS |
253 | (1+ (calendar-dayname-on-or-before |
254 | 1 (+ 6 (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian | |
255 | (list 11 1 year)))))) | |
8b96264a RS |
256 | "US Presidential Election")) |
257 | @end smallexample | |
258 | ||
259 | @noindent | |
260 | or | |
261 | ||
262 | @smallexample | |
263 | (if (= 0 (% displayed-year 4)) | |
264 | (fixed 11 | |
265 | (extract-calendar-day | |
266 | (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute | |
267 | (1+ (calendar-dayname-on-or-before | |
268 | 1 (+ 6 (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian | |
269 | (list 11 1 displayed-year))))))) | |
270 | "US Presidential Election")) | |
271 | @end smallexample | |
272 | ||
273 | Some holidays just don't fit into any of these forms because special | |
274 | calculations are involved in their determination. In such cases you | |
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275 | must write a Lisp function to do the calculation. To include eclipses, |
276 | for example, add @code{(eclipses)} to @code{other-holidays} | |
277 | and write an Emacs Lisp function @code{eclipses} that returns a | |
278 | (possibly empty) list of the relevant Gregorian dates among the range | |
279 | visible in the calendar window, with descriptive strings, like this: | |
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280 | |
281 | @smallexample | |
282 | (((6 27 1991) "Lunar Eclipse") ((7 11 1991) "Solar Eclipse") ... ) | |
283 | @end smallexample | |
284 | ||
285 | @node Date Display Format | |
286 | @section Date Display Format | |
287 | @vindex calendar-date-display-form | |
288 | ||
bea169e9 RS |
289 | You can customize the manner of displaying dates in the diary, in mode |
290 | lines, and in messages by setting @code{calendar-date-display-form}. | |
291 | This variable holds a list of expressions that can involve the variables | |
292 | @code{month}, @code{day}, and @code{year}, which are all numbers in | |
293 | string form, and @code{monthname} and @code{dayname}, which are both | |
294 | alphabetic strings. In the American style, the default value of this | |
295 | list is as follows: | |
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296 | |
297 | @smallexample | |
298 | ((if dayname (concat dayname ", ")) monthname " " day ", " year) | |
299 | @end smallexample | |
300 | ||
301 | @noindent | |
302 | while in the European style this value is the default: | |
303 | ||
304 | @smallexample | |
305 | ((if dayname (concat dayname ", ")) day " " monthname " " year) | |
306 | @end smallexample | |
307 | ||
10c3836a | 308 | @noindent |
8b96264a RS |
309 | The ISO standard date representation is this: |
310 | ||
311 | @smallexample | |
312 | (year "-" month "-" day) | |
313 | @end smallexample | |
314 | ||
315 | @noindent | |
316 | This specifies a typical American format: | |
317 | ||
318 | @smallexample | |
319 | (month "/" day "/" (substring year -2)) | |
320 | @end smallexample | |
321 | ||
322 | @node Time Display Format | |
323 | @section Time Display Format | |
324 | @vindex calendar-time-display-form | |
325 | ||
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326 | The calendar and diary by default display times of day in the |
327 | conventional American style with the hours from 1 through 12, minutes, | |
328 | and either @samp{am} or @samp{pm}. If you prefer the European style, | |
329 | also known in the US as military, in which the hours go from 00 to 23, | |
330 | you can alter the variable @code{calendar-time-display-form}. This | |
331 | variable is a list of expressions that can involve the variables | |
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332 | @code{12-hours}, @code{24-hours}, and @code{minutes}, which are all |
333 | numbers in string form, and @code{am-pm} and @code{time-zone}, which are | |
334 | both alphabetic strings. The default value of | |
335 | @code{calendar-time-display-form} is as follows: | |
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336 | |
337 | @smallexample | |
338 | (12-hours ":" minutes am-pm | |
339 | (if time-zone " (") time-zone (if time-zone ")")) | |
340 | @end smallexample | |
341 | ||
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342 | @noindent |
343 | Here is a value that provides European style times: | |
8b96264a RS |
344 | |
345 | @smallexample | |
346 | (24-hours ":" minutes | |
347 | (if time-zone " (") time-zone (if time-zone ")")) | |
348 | @end smallexample | |
349 | ||
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350 | @node Daylight Savings |
351 | @section Daylight Savings Time | |
352 | @cindex daylight savings time | |
353 | ||
354 | Emacs understands the difference between standard time and daylight | |
355 | savings time---the times given for sunrise, sunset, solstices, | |
356 | equinoxes, and the phases of the moon take that into account. The rules | |
357 | for daylight savings time vary from place to place and have also varied | |
358 | historically from year to year. To do the job properly, Emacs needs to | |
359 | know which rules to use. | |
360 | ||
361 | Some operating systems keep track of the rules that apply to the place | |
362 | where you are; on these systems, Emacs gets the information it needs | |
363 | from the system automatically. If some or all of this information is | |
364 | missing, Emacs fills in the gaps with the rules currently used in | |
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365 | Cambridge, Massachusetts, which is the center of GNU's world. |
366 | ||
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367 | |
368 | @vindex calendar-daylight-savings-starts | |
369 | @vindex calendar-daylight-savings-ends | |
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370 | If the default choice of rules is not appropriate for your location, |
371 | you can tell Emacs the rules to use by setting the variables | |
372 | @code{calendar-daylight-savings-starts} and | |
373 | @code{calendar-daylight-savings-ends}. Their values should be Lisp | |
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374 | expressions that refer to the variable @code{year}, and evaluate to the |
375 | Gregorian date on which daylight savings time starts or (respectively) | |
376 | ends, in the form of a list @code{(@var{month} @var{day} @var{year})}. | |
377 | The values should be @code{nil} if your area does not use daylight | |
378 | savings time. | |
379 | ||
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380 | Emacs uses these expressions to determine the start and end dates of |
381 | daylight savings time as holidays and for correcting times of day in the | |
382 | solar and lunar calculations. | |
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383 | |
384 | The values for Cambridge, Massachusetts are as follows: | |
385 | ||
386 | @example | |
387 | @group | |
388 | (calendar-nth-named-day 1 0 4 year) | |
389 | (calendar-nth-named-day -1 0 10 year) | |
390 | @end group | |
391 | @end example | |
392 | ||
393 | @noindent | |
394 | i.e., the first 0th day (Sunday) of the fourth month (April) in | |
395 | the year specified by @code{year}, and the last Sunday of the tenth month | |
396 | (October) of that year. If daylight savings time were | |
397 | changed to start on October 1, you would set | |
398 | @code{calendar-daylight-savings-starts} to this: | |
399 | ||
400 | @example | |
401 | (list 10 1 year) | |
402 | @end example | |
403 | ||
404 | For a more complex example, suppose daylight savings time begins on | |
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405 | the first of Nisan on the Hebrew calendar. You should set |
406 | @code{calendar-daylight-savings-starts} to this value: | |
8b96264a RS |
407 | |
408 | @example | |
409 | (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute | |
410 | (calendar-absolute-from-hebrew | |
411 | (list 1 1 (+ year 3760)))) | |
412 | @end example | |
413 | ||
414 | @noindent | |
415 | because Nisan is the first month in the Hebrew calendar and the Hebrew | |
416 | year differs from the Gregorian year by 3760 at Nisan. | |
417 | ||
418 | If there is no daylight savings time at your location, or if you want | |
419 | all times in standard time, set @code{calendar-daylight-savings-starts} | |
420 | and @code{calendar-daylight-savings-ends} to @code{nil}. | |
421 | ||
422 | @vindex calendar-daylight-time-offset | |
10c3836a RS |
423 | The variable @code{calendar-daylight-time-offset} specifies the |
424 | difference between daylight savings time and standard time, measured in | |
425 | minutes. The value for Cambridge is 60. | |
8b96264a RS |
426 | |
427 | @vindex calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time | |
428 | @vindex calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time | |
10c3836a RS |
429 | The variable @code{calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time} and the |
430 | variable @code{calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time} specify the number | |
431 | of minutes after midnight local time when the transition to and from | |
432 | daylight savings time should occur. For Cambridge, both variables' | |
433 | values are 120. | |
8b96264a RS |
434 | |
435 | @node Diary Customizing | |
436 | @section Customizing the Diary | |
437 | ||
438 | @vindex holidays-in-diary-buffer | |
439 | Ordinarily, the mode line of the diary buffer window indicates any | |
440 | holidays that fall on the date of the diary entries. The process of | |
441 | checking for holidays can take several seconds, so including holiday | |
442 | information delays the display of the diary buffer noticeably. If you'd | |
443 | prefer to have a faster display of the diary buffer but without the | |
444 | holiday information, set the variable @code{holidays-in-diary-buffer} to | |
445 | @code{nil}.@refill | |
446 | ||
447 | @vindex number-of-diary-entries | |
448 | The variable @code{number-of-diary-entries} controls the number of | |
449 | days of diary entries to be displayed at one time. It affects the | |
450 | initial display when @code{view-diary-entries-initially} is @code{t}, as | |
451 | well as the command @kbd{M-x diary}. For example, the default value is | |
452 | 1, which says to display only the current day's diary entries. If the | |
453 | value is 2, both the current day's and the next day's entries are | |
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454 | displayed. The value can also be a vector of seven elements: for |
455 | example, if the value is @code{[0 2 2 2 2 4 1]} then no diary entries | |
456 | appear on Sunday, the current date's and the next day's diary entries | |
457 | appear Monday through Thursday, Friday through Monday's entries appear | |
458 | on Friday, while on Saturday only that day's entries appear. | |
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459 | |
460 | @vindex print-diary-entries-hook | |
461 | @findex print-diary-entries | |
462 | The variable @code{print-diary-entries-hook} is a normal hook run | |
463 | after preparation of a temporary buffer containing just the diary | |
464 | entries currently visible in the diary buffer. (The other, irrelevant | |
465 | diary entries are really absent from the temporary buffer; in the diary | |
466 | buffer, they are merely hidden.) The default value of this hook does | |
467 | the printing with the command @code{lpr-buffer}. If you want to use a | |
468 | different command to do the printing, just change the value of this | |
469 | hook. Other uses might include, for example, rearranging the lines into | |
470 | order by day and time. | |
471 | ||
472 | @vindex diary-date-forms | |
473 | You can customize the form of dates in your diary file, if neither the | |
474 | standard American nor European styles suits your needs, by setting the | |
10c3836a RS |
475 | variable @code{diary-date-forms}. This variable is a list of patterns |
476 | for recognizing a date. Each date pattern is a list whose elements may | |
477 | be regular expressions (@pxref{Regular Expressions}) or the symbols | |
8b96264a | 478 | @code{month}, @code{day}, @code{year}, @code{monthname}, and |
10c3836a RS |
479 | @code{dayname}. All these elements serve as patterns that match certain |
480 | kinds of text in the diary file. In order for the date pattern, as a | |
481 | whole, to match, all of its elements must match consecutively. | |
482 | ||
483 | A regular expression in a date pattern matches in its usual fashion, | |
484 | using the standard syntax table altered so that @samp{*} is a word | |
485 | constituent. | |
486 | ||
487 | The symbols @code{month}, @code{day}, @code{year}, @code{monthname}, | |
488 | and @code{dayname} match the month number, day number, year number, | |
489 | month name, and day name of the date being considered. The symbols that | |
490 | match numbers allow leading zeros; those that match names allow | |
491 | three-letter abbreviations and capitalization. All the symbols can | |
492 | match @samp{*}; since @samp{*} in a diary entry means ``any day'', ``any | |
493 | month'', and so on, it should match regardless of the date being | |
494 | considered. | |
495 | ||
496 | The default value of @code{diary-date-forms} in the American style is | |
497 | this: | |
8b96264a RS |
498 | |
499 | @example | |
500 | ((month "/" day "[^/0-9]") | |
501 | (month "/" day "/" year "[^0-9]") | |
502 | (monthname " *" day "[^,0-9]") | |
503 | (monthname " *" day ", *" year "[^0-9]") | |
504 | (dayname "\\W")) | |
505 | @end example | |
506 | ||
10c3836a RS |
507 | The date patterns in the list must be @emph{mutually exclusive} and |
508 | must not match any portion of the diary entry itself, just the date and | |
509 | one character of whitespace. If, to be mutually exclusive, the pattern | |
510 | must match a portion of the diary entry text---beyond the whitespace | |
511 | that ends the date---then the first element of the date pattern | |
512 | @emph{must} be @code{backup}. This causes the date recognizer to back | |
513 | up to the beginning of the current word of the diary entry, after | |
514 | finishing the match. Even if you use @code{backup}, the date pattern | |
515 | must absolutely not match more than a portion of the first word of the | |
516 | diary entry. The default value of @code{diary-date-forms} in the | |
8b96264a RS |
517 | European style is this list: |
518 | ||
519 | @example | |
520 | ((day "/" month "[^/0-9]") | |
521 | (day "/" month "/" year "[^0-9]") | |
522 | (backup day " *" monthname "\\W+\\<[^*0-9]") | |
523 | (day " *" monthname " *" year "[^0-9]") | |
524 | (dayname "\\W")) | |
525 | @end example | |
526 | ||
527 | @noindent | |
10c3836a RS |
528 | Notice the use of @code{backup} in the third pattern, because it needs |
529 | to match part of a word beyond the date itself to distinguish it from | |
530 | the fourth pattern. | |
8b96264a RS |
531 | |
532 | @node Hebrew/Islamic Entries | |
533 | @section Hebrew- and Islamic-Date Diary Entries | |
534 | ||
535 | Your diary file can have entries based on Hebrew or Islamic dates, as | |
10c3836a RS |
536 | well as entries based on the world-standard Gregorian calendar. |
537 | However, because recognition of such entries is time-consuming and most | |
538 | people don't use them, you must explicitly enable their use. If you | |
539 | want the diary to recognize Hebrew-date diary entries, for example, | |
540 | you must do this: | |
8b96264a RS |
541 | |
542 | @vindex nongregorian-diary-listing-hook | |
543 | @vindex nongregorian-diary-marking-hook | |
544 | @findex list-hebrew-diary-entries | |
545 | @findex mark-hebrew-diary-entries | |
546 | @smallexample | |
10c3836a RS |
547 | (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-listing-hook 'list-hebrew-diary-entries) |
548 | (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-marking-hook 'mark-hebrew-diary-entries) | |
8b96264a RS |
549 | @end smallexample |
550 | ||
551 | @noindent | |
10c3836a | 552 | If you want Islamic-date entries, do this: |
8b96264a RS |
553 | |
554 | @findex list-islamic-diary-entries | |
555 | @findex mark-islamic-diary-entries | |
556 | @smallexample | |
10c3836a RS |
557 | (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-listing-hook 'list-islamic-diary-entries) |
558 | (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-marking-hook 'mark-islamic-diary-entries) | |
8b96264a RS |
559 | @end smallexample |
560 | ||
561 | Hebrew- and Islamic-date diary entries have the same formats as | |
10c3836a RS |
562 | Gregorian-date diary entries, except that @samp{H} precedes a Hebrew |
563 | date and @samp{I} precedes an Islamic date. Moreover, because the | |
564 | Hebrew and Islamic month names are not uniquely specified by the first | |
565 | three letters, you may not abbreviate them. For example, a diary entry | |
566 | for the Hebrew date Heshvan 25 could look like this: | |
8b96264a RS |
567 | |
568 | @smallexample | |
569 | HHeshvan 25 Happy Hebrew birthday! | |
570 | @end smallexample | |
571 | ||
572 | @noindent | |
573 | and would appear in the diary for any date that corresponds to Heshvan 25 | |
10c3836a RS |
574 | on the Hebrew calendar. And here is Islamic-date diary entry that matches |
575 | Dhu al-Qada 25: | |
8b96264a RS |
576 | |
577 | @smallexample | |
578 | IDhu al-Qada 25 Happy Islamic birthday! | |
579 | @end smallexample | |
580 | ||
8b96264a RS |
581 | As with Gregorian-date diary entries, Hebrew- and Islamic-date entries |
582 | are nonmarking if they are preceded with an ampersand (@samp{&}). | |
583 | ||
10c3836a RS |
584 | Here is a table of commands used in the calendar to create diary entries |
585 | that match the selected date and other dates that are similar in the Hebrew | |
586 | or Islamic calendar: | |
8b96264a RS |
587 | |
588 | @table @kbd | |
589 | @item i h d | |
590 | Add a diary entry for the Hebrew date corresponding to the selected date | |
591 | (@code{insert-hebrew-diary-entry}). | |
592 | @item i h m | |
593 | Add a diary entry for the day of the Hebrew month corresponding to the | |
10c3836a | 594 | selected date (@code{insert-monthly-hebrew-diary-entry}). This diary |
bea169e9 | 595 | entry matches any date that has the same Hebrew day-within-month as the |
10c3836a | 596 | selected date. |
8b96264a RS |
597 | @item i h y |
598 | Add a diary entry for the day of the Hebrew year corresponding to the | |
10c3836a RS |
599 | selected date (@code{insert-yearly-hebrew-diary-entry}). This diary |
600 | entry matches any date which has the same Hebrew month and day-within-month | |
601 | as the selected date. | |
8b96264a RS |
602 | @item i i d |
603 | Add a diary entry for the Islamic date corresponding to the selected date | |
604 | (@code{insert-islamic-diary-entry}). | |
605 | @item i i m | |
606 | Add a diary entry for the day of the Islamic month corresponding to the | |
607 | selected date (@code{insert-monthly-islamic-diary-entry}). | |
608 | @item i i y | |
609 | Add a diary entry for the day of the Islamic year corresponding to the | |
610 | selected date (@code{insert-yearly-islamic-diary-entry}). | |
611 | @end table | |
612 | ||
613 | @findex insert-hebrew-diary-entry | |
614 | @findex insert-monthly-hebrew-diary-entry | |
615 | @findex insert-yearly-hebrew-diary-entry | |
616 | @findex insert-islamic-diary-entry | |
617 | @findex insert-monthly-islamic-diary-entry | |
618 | @findex insert-yearly-islamic-diary-entry | |
10c3836a | 619 | These commands work much like the corresponding commands for ordinary |
bea169e9 | 620 | diary entries: they apply to the date that point is on in the calendar |
10c3836a RS |
621 | window, and what they do is insert just the date portion of a diary entry |
622 | at the end of your diary file. You must then insert the rest of the | |
623 | diary entry. | |
8b96264a RS |
624 | |
625 | @node Fancy Diary Display | |
626 | @section Fancy Diary Display | |
627 | @vindex diary-display-hook | |
628 | @findex simple-diary-display | |
629 | ||
630 | Diary display works by preparing the diary buffer and then running the | |
10c3836a RS |
631 | hook @code{diary-display-hook}. The default value of this hook |
632 | (@code{simple-diary-display}) hides the irrelevant diary entries and | |
633 | then displays the buffer. However, if you specify the hook as follows, | |
8b96264a RS |
634 | |
635 | @cindex diary buffer | |
636 | @findex fancy-diary-display | |
637 | @example | |
638 | (add-hook 'diary-display-hook 'fancy-diary-display) | |
639 | @end example | |
640 | ||
641 | @noindent | |
10c3836a RS |
642 | this enables fancy diary display. It displays diary entries and |
643 | holidays by copying them into a special buffer that exists only for the | |
644 | sake of display. Copying to a separate buffer provides an opportunity | |
645 | to change the displayed text to make it prettier---for example, to sort | |
646 | the entries by the dates they apply to. | |
8b96264a RS |
647 | |
648 | As with simple diary display, you can print a hard copy of the buffer | |
649 | with @code{print-diary-entries}. To print a hard copy of a day-by-day | |
650 | diary for a week by positioning point on Sunday of that week, type | |
651 | @kbd{7 d} and then do @kbd{M-x print-diary-entries}. As usual, the | |
652 | inclusion of the holidays slows down the display slightly; you can speed | |
653 | things up by setting the variable @code{holidays-in-diary-buffer} to | |
654 | @code{nil}. | |
655 | ||
656 | @vindex diary-list-include-blanks | |
657 | Ordinarily, the fancy diary buffer does not show days for which there are | |
658 | no diary entries, even if that day is a holiday. If you want such days to be | |
659 | shown in the fancy diary buffer, set the variable | |
660 | @code{diary-list-include-blanks} to @code{t}.@refill | |
661 | ||
662 | @cindex sorting diary entries | |
663 | If you use the fancy diary display, you can use the normal hook | |
664 | @code{list-diary-entries-hook} to sort each day's diary entries by their | |
10c3836a | 665 | time of day. Here's how |
8b96264a RS |
666 | |
667 | @findex sort-diary-entries | |
668 | @example | |
669 | (add-hook 'list-diary-entries-hook 'sort-diary-entries) | |
670 | @end example | |
671 | ||
672 | @noindent | |
673 | For each day, this sorts diary entries that begin with a recognizable | |
674 | time of day according to their times. Diary entries without times come | |
675 | first within each day. | |
676 | ||
10c3836a RS |
677 | Fancy diary display also has the ability to process included diary |
678 | files. This permits a group of people to share a diary file for events | |
679 | that apply to all of them. Lines in the diary file of this form: | |
8b96264a RS |
680 | |
681 | @smallexample | |
682 | #include "@var{filename}" | |
683 | @end smallexample | |
684 | ||
685 | @noindent | |
686 | includes the diary entries from the file @var{filename} in the fancy | |
bea169e9 | 687 | diary buffer. The include mechanism is recursive, so that included files |
10c3836a RS |
688 | can include other files, and so on; you must be careful not to have a |
689 | cycle of inclusions, of course. Here is how to enable the include | |
690 | facility: | |
8b96264a RS |
691 | |
692 | @vindex list-diary-entries-hook | |
693 | @vindex mark-diary-entries-hook | |
694 | @findex include-other-diary-files | |
695 | @findex mark-included-diary-files | |
696 | @smallexample | |
697 | (add-hook 'list-diary-entries-hook 'include-other-diary-files) | |
698 | (add-hook 'mark-diary-entries-hook 'mark-included-diary-files) | |
699 | @end smallexample | |
700 | ||
10c3836a RS |
701 | The include mechanism works only with the fancy diary display, because |
702 | ordinary diary display shows the entries directly from your diary file. | |
703 | ||
8b96264a RS |
704 | @node Sexp Diary Entries |
705 | @section Sexp Entries and the Fancy Diary Display | |
706 | @cindex sexp diary entries | |
707 | ||
708 | Sexp diary entries allow you to do more than just have complicated | |
709 | conditions under which a diary entry applies. If you use the fancy | |
710 | diary display, sexp entries can generate the text of the entry depending | |
711 | on the date itself. For example, an anniversary diary entry can insert | |
712 | the number of years since the anniversary date into the text of the | |
713 | diary entry. Thus the @samp{%d} in this dairy entry: | |
714 | ||
715 | @findex diary-anniversary | |
716 | @smallexample | |
717 | %%(diary-anniversary 10 31 1948) Arthur's birthday (%d years old) | |
718 | @end smallexample | |
719 | ||
720 | @noindent | |
721 | gets replaced by the age, so on October 31, 1990 the entry appears in | |
722 | the fancy diary buffer like this: | |
723 | ||
724 | @smallexample | |
725 | Arthur's birthday (42 years old) | |
726 | @end smallexample | |
727 | ||
728 | @noindent | |
729 | If the diary file instead contains this entry: | |
730 | ||
731 | @smallexample | |
732 | %%(diary-anniversary 10 31 1948) Arthur's %d%s birthday | |
733 | @end smallexample | |
734 | ||
735 | @noindent | |
736 | the entry in the fancy diary buffer for October 31, 1990 appears like this: | |
737 | ||
738 | @smallexample | |
739 | Arthur's 42nd birthday | |
740 | @end smallexample | |
741 | ||
742 | Similarly, cyclic diary entries can interpolate the number of repetitions | |
743 | that have occurred: | |
744 | ||
745 | @findex diary-cyclic | |
746 | @smallexample | |
747 | %%(diary-cyclic 50 1 1 1990) Renew medication (%d%s time) | |
748 | @end smallexample | |
749 | ||
750 | @noindent | |
751 | looks like this: | |
752 | ||
753 | @smallexample | |
754 | Renew medication (5th time) | |
755 | @end smallexample | |
756 | ||
757 | @noindent | |
758 | in the fancy diary display on September 8, 1990. | |
759 | ||
760 | The generality of sexp diary entries lets you specify any diary entry | |
10c3836a RS |
761 | that you can describe algorithmically. A sexp diary entry contains an |
762 | expression that computes whether the entry applies to any given date. | |
763 | If its value is non-@code{nil}, the entry applies to that date; | |
764 | otherwise, it does not. The expression can use the variable @code{date} | |
765 | to find the date being considered; its value is a list (@var{month} | |
766 | @var{day} @var{year}) that refers to the Gregorian calendar. | |
767 | ||
768 | Suppose you get paid on the 21st of the month if it is a weekday, and | |
bea169e9 | 769 | on the Friday before if the 21st is on a weekend. Here is how to write |
10c3836a | 770 | a sexp diary entry that matches those dates: |
8b96264a RS |
771 | |
772 | @smallexample | |
773 | &%%(let ((dayname (calendar-day-of-week date)) | |
774 | (day (car (cdr date)))) | |
775 | (or (and (= day 21) (memq dayname '(1 2 3 4 5))) | |
776 | (and (memq day '(19 20)) (= dayname 5))) | |
777 | ) Pay check deposited | |
778 | @end smallexample | |
779 | ||
8b96264a | 780 | The following sexp diary entries take advantage of the ability (in the fancy |
10c3836a | 781 | diary display) to concoct diary entries whose text varies based on the date: |
8b96264a RS |
782 | |
783 | @findex diary-sunrise-sunset | |
784 | @findex diary-phases-of-moon | |
785 | @findex diary-day-of-year | |
786 | @findex diary-iso-date | |
787 | @findex diary-julian-date | |
788 | @findex diary-astro-day-number | |
789 | @findex diary-hebrew-date | |
790 | @findex diary-islamic-date | |
791 | @findex diary-french-date | |
792 | @findex diary-mayan-date | |
793 | @table @code | |
794 | @item %%(diary-sunrise-sunset) | |
795 | Make a diary entry for the local times of today's sunrise and sunset. | |
796 | @item %%(diary-phases-of-moon) | |
797 | Make a diary entry for the phases (quarters) of the moon. | |
798 | @item %%(diary-day-of-year) | |
799 | Make a diary entry with today's day number in the current year and the number | |
800 | of days remaining in the current year. | |
801 | @item %%(diary-iso-date) | |
802 | Make a diary entry with today's equivalent ISO commercial date. | |
803 | @item %%(diary-julian-date) | |
804 | Make a diary entry with today's equivalent date on the Julian calendar. | |
805 | @item %%(diary-astro-day-number) | |
806 | Make a diary entry with today's equivalent astronomical (Julian) day number. | |
807 | @item %%(diary-hebrew-date) | |
808 | Make a diary entry with today's equivalent date on the Hebrew calendar. | |
809 | @item %%(diary-islamic-date) | |
810 | Make a diary entry with today's equivalent date on the Islamic calendar. | |
811 | @item %%(diary-french-date) | |
812 | Make a diary entry with today's equivalent date on the French Revolutionary | |
813 | calendar. | |
814 | @item %%(diary-mayan-date) | |
815 | Make a diary entry with today's equivalent date on the Mayan calendar. | |
816 | @end table | |
817 | ||
818 | @noindent | |
819 | Thus including the diary entry | |
820 | ||
10c3836a | 821 | @example |
8b96264a | 822 | &%%(diary-hebrew-date) |
10c3836a | 823 | @end example |
8b96264a RS |
824 | |
825 | @noindent | |
826 | causes every day's diary display to contain the equivalent date on the | |
827 | Hebrew calendar, if you are using the fancy diary display. (With simple | |
828 | diary display, the line @samp{&%%(diary-hebrew-date)} appears in the | |
829 | diary for any date, but does nothing particularly useful.) | |
830 | ||
bea169e9 RS |
831 | These functions can be used to construct sexp diary entries based on |
832 | the Hebrew calendar in certain standard ways: | |
8b96264a RS |
833 | |
834 | @cindex rosh hodesh | |
835 | @findex diary-rosh-hodesh | |
836 | @cindex parasha, weekly | |
837 | @findex diary-parasha | |
838 | @cindex candle lighting times | |
839 | @findex diary-sabbath-candles | |
840 | @cindex omer count | |
841 | @findex diary-omer | |
842 | @cindex yahrzeits | |
843 | @findex diary-yahrzeit | |
844 | @table @code | |
845 | @item %%(diary-rosh-hodesh) | |
846 | Make a diary entry that tells the occurrence and ritual announcement of each | |
847 | new Hebrew month. | |
848 | @item %%(diary-parasha) | |
849 | Make a Saturday diary entry that tells the weekly synagogue scripture reading. | |
850 | @item %%(diary-sabbath-candles) | |
851 | Make a Friday diary entry that tells the @emph{local time} of Sabbath | |
852 | candle lighting. | |
853 | @item %%(diary-omer) | |
854 | Make a diary entry that gives the omer count, when appropriate. | |
855 | @item %%(diary-yahrzeit @var{month} @var{day} @var{year}) @var{name} | |
856 | Make a diary entry marking the anniversary of a date of death. The date | |
857 | is the @emph{Gregorian} (civil) date of death. The diary entry appears | |
858 | on the proper Hebrew calendar anniversary and on the day before. (In | |
859 | the European style, the order of the parameters is changed to @var{day}, | |
860 | @var{month}, @var{year}.) | |
861 | @end table | |
862 | ||
863 | @node Appt Customizing | |
864 | @section Customizing Appointment Reminders | |
865 | ||
bea169e9 RS |
866 | You can specify exactly how Emacs reminds you of an appointment, and |
867 | how far in advance it begins doing so, by setting these variables: | |
8b96264a RS |
868 | |
869 | @vindex appt-message-warning-time | |
870 | @vindex appt-audible | |
871 | @vindex appt-visible | |
872 | @vindex appt-display-mode-line | |
873 | @vindex appt-msg-window | |
874 | @vindex appt-display-duration | |
10c3836a RS |
875 | @vindex appt-disp-window-function |
876 | @vindex appt-delete-window-function | |
8b96264a RS |
877 | @table @code |
878 | @item appt-message-warning-time | |
879 | The time in minutes before an appointment that the reminder begins. The | |
880 | default is 10 minutes. | |
881 | @item appt-audible | |
10c3836a RS |
882 | If this is non-@code{nil}, Emacs rings the |
883 | terminal bell for appointment reminders. The default is @code{t}. | |
8b96264a | 884 | @item appt-visible |
10c3836a | 885 | If this is non-@code{nil}, Emacs displays the appointment |
bea169e9 | 886 | message in the echo area. The default is @code{t}. |
8b96264a | 887 | @item appt-display-mode-line |
10c3836a RS |
888 | If this is non-@code{nil}, Emacs displays the number of minutes |
889 | to the appointment on the mode line. The default is @code{t}. | |
8b96264a | 890 | @item appt-msg-window |
10c3836a RS |
891 | If this is non-@code{nil}, Emacs displays the appointment |
892 | message in another window. The default is @code{t}. | |
893 | @item appt-disp-window-function | |
894 | This variable holds a function to use to create the other window | |
895 | for the appointment message. | |
896 | @item appt-delete-window-function | |
897 | This variable holds a function to use to get rid of the appointment | |
898 | message window, when its time is up. | |
8b96264a | 899 | @item appt-display-duration |
10c3836a | 900 | The number of seconds to display an appointment message. The default |
8b96264a RS |
901 | is 5 seconds. |
902 | @end table |