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3d3df9e1 | 1 | @c -*-texinfo-*- |
e23a63a5 | 2 | @node GNU Free Documentation License, GPL, Antinews, Top |
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3 | |
4 | @appendix GNU Free Documentation License | |
7260457b | 5 | @center Version 1.2, November 2002 |
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6 | |
7 | @display | |
7260457b | 8 | Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
364c38d3 | 9 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA |
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10 | |
11 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
12 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
13 | @end display | |
5bd46f08 | 14 | @sp 1 |
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15 | @enumerate 0 |
16 | @item | |
17 | PREAMBLE | |
18 | ||
19 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
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20 | functional and useful document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to |
21 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | |
22 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | |
23 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | |
24 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | |
25 | for modifications made by others. | |
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26 | |
27 | This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative | |
28 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
29 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
30 | license designed for free software. | |
31 | ||
32 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
33 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
34 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
35 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
36 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
37 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
38 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
39 | ||
5bd46f08 | 40 | @sp 1 |
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41 | @item |
42 | APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
43 | ||
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44 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
45 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | |
46 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | |
47 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | |
48 | work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, | |
49 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | |
50 | licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you | |
51 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | |
52 | under copyright law. | |
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53 | |
54 | A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the | |
55 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
56 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
57 | ||
58 | A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of | |
59 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
60 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject | |
61 | (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly | |
7260457b | 62 | within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a |
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63 | textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
64 | mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
65 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
66 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
67 | them. | |
68 | ||
69 | The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
70 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
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71 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
72 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | |
73 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | |
74 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | |
75 | Sections then there are none. | |
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76 | |
77 | The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
78 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
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79 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
80 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | |
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81 | |
82 | A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
83 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
7260457b | 84 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
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85 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
86 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
87 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
88 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
89 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
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90 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
91 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | |
92 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | |
93 | of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque.'' | |
94 | ||
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95 | |
96 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
97 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML | |
98 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple | |
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99 | HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of |
100 | transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats | |
101 | include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by | |
102 | proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or | |
3d3df9e1 | 103 | processing tools are not generally available, and the |
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104 | machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word |
105 | processors for output purposes only. | |
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106 | |
107 | The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
108 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
109 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
110 | formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means | |
111 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
112 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
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113 | |
114 | A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose | |
115 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | |
116 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | |
117 | specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', | |
118 | ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' | |
119 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | |
120 | section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. | |
121 | ||
122 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | |
123 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | |
124 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | |
125 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
126 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | |
127 | no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
5bd46f08 | 128 | @sp 1 |
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129 | @item |
130 | VERBATIM COPYING | |
131 | ||
132 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
133 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
134 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
135 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
136 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
137 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
138 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
139 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
140 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
141 | ||
142 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
143 | you may publicly display copies. | |
5bd46f08 | 144 | @sp 1 |
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145 | @item |
146 | COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
147 | ||
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148 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
149 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | |
150 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | |
151 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
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152 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
153 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
154 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
155 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
156 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
157 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
158 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
159 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
160 | ||
161 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
162 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
163 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
164 | pages. | |
165 | ||
166 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
167 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
168 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
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169 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
170 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | |
171 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | |
172 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | |
173 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | |
174 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | |
175 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | |
176 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | |
177 | edition to the public. | |
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178 | |
179 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
180 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
181 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
5bd46f08 | 182 | @sp 1 |
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183 | @item |
184 | MODIFICATIONS | |
185 | ||
186 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
187 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
188 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
189 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
190 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
191 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
192 | ||
193 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
194 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
195 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
196 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
197 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission.@* | |
198 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
199 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
200 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
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201 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), |
202 | unless they release you from this requirement.@* | |
3d3df9e1 RS |
203 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
204 | Modified Version, as the publisher.@* | |
205 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@* | |
206 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
207 | adjacent to the other copyright notices.@* | |
208 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
209 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
210 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.@* | |
211 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
212 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@* | |
213 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@* | |
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214 | I. Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add |
215 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
3d3df9e1 | 216 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
7260457b | 217 | there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one |
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218 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
219 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
220 | Version as stated in the previous sentence.@* | |
221 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
222 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
223 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
224 | it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. | |
225 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
226 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
227 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@* | |
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228 | K. For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', |
229 | Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all | |
230 | the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements | |
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231 | and/or dedications given therein.@* |
232 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
233 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
234 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@* | |
7260457b | 235 | M. Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements.'' Such a section |
3d3df9e1 | 236 | may not be included in the Modified Version.@* |
7260457b | 237 | N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' |
3d3df9e1 | 238 | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@* |
7260457b | 239 | O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.@* |
5bd46f08 | 240 | @sp 1 |
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241 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
242 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
243 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
244 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
245 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
246 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
247 | ||
7260457b | 248 | You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains |
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249 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
250 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
251 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
252 | standard. | |
253 | ||
254 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
255 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
256 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
257 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
258 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
259 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
260 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
261 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
262 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
263 | ||
264 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
265 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
266 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
5bd46f08 | 267 | @sp 1 |
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268 | @item |
269 | COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
270 | ||
271 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
272 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
273 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
274 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
275 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
7260457b | 276 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
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277 | |
278 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
279 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
280 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
281 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
282 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
283 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
284 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
285 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
286 | ||
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287 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' |
288 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | |
289 | ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
290 | and any sections Entitled ``Dedications.'' You must delete all sections | |
291 | Entitled ``Endorsements.'' | |
5bd46f08 | 292 | @sp 1 |
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293 | @item |
294 | COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
295 | ||
296 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
297 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
298 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
299 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
300 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
301 | ||
302 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
303 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
304 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
305 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
5bd46f08 | 306 | @sp 1 |
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307 | @item |
308 | AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
309 | ||
310 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
311 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
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312 | distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright |
313 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | |
314 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
315 | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not | |
316 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | |
317 | derivative works of the Document. | |
3d3df9e1 RS |
318 | |
319 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
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320 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
321 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
322 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
323 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | |
324 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | |
325 | aggregate. | |
5bd46f08 | 326 | @sp 1 |
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327 | @item |
328 | TRANSLATION | |
329 | ||
330 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
331 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
332 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
333 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
334 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
335 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
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336 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
337 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | |
338 | the original English version of this License and the original versions | |
339 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | |
340 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | |
341 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | |
342 | ||
343 | If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
344 | ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | |
345 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | |
346 | title. | |
5bd46f08 | 347 | @sp 1 |
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348 | @item |
349 | TERMINATION | |
350 | ||
351 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
352 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
353 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
354 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
355 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
356 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
357 | parties remain in full compliance. | |
5bd46f08 | 358 | @sp 1 |
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359 | @item |
360 | FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
361 | ||
362 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
363 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
364 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
365 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
366 | http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. | |
367 | ||
368 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
369 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
370 | License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of | |
371 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
372 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
373 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
374 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
375 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
376 | ||
377 | @end enumerate | |
378 | ||
379 | @unnumberedsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | |
380 | ||
381 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
382 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
383 | license notices just after the title page: | |
384 | ||
385 | @smallexample | |
386 | @group | |
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387 | Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. |
388 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
389 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 | |
390 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | |
391 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. | |
392 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU | |
393 | Free Documentation License''. | |
394 | @end group | |
395 | @end smallexample | |
3d3df9e1 | 396 | |
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397 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, |
398 | replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this: | |
399 | ||
400 | @smallexample | |
401 | @group | |
402 | with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the | |
403 | Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being | |
404 | @var{list}. | |
3d3df9e1 RS |
405 | @end group |
406 | @end smallexample | |
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407 | |
408 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other | |
409 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | |
410 | situation. | |
3d3df9e1 RS |
411 | |
412 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
413 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
414 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
415 | to permit their use in free software. | |
ab5796a9 MB |
416 | |
417 | @ignore | |
418 | arch-tag: 9014cf6e-f3c4-401d-b8da-4fe52723984c | |
419 | @end ignore |