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509ffb01 | 1 | @c -*-texinfo-*- |
678e7c71 | 2 | @center Version 1.2, November 2002 |
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3 | |
4 | @display | |
678e7c71 | 5 | Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
364c38d3 | 6 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA |
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7 | |
8 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
9 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
10 | @end display | |
11 | @sp 1 | |
12 | @enumerate 0 | |
13 | @item | |
14 | PREAMBLE | |
15 | ||
16 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
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17 | functional and useful document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to |
18 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | |
19 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | |
20 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | |
21 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | |
22 | for modifications made by others. | |
509ffb01 | 23 | |
5a7f4c1b | 24 | This License is a kind of ``copyleft,'' which means that derivative |
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25 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
26 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
27 | license designed for free software. | |
28 | ||
29 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
30 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
31 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
32 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
33 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
34 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
35 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
36 | ||
37 | @sp 1 | |
38 | @item | |
39 | APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
40 | ||
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41 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
42 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | |
43 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | |
44 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | |
5a7f4c1b | 45 | work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document,'' below, |
678e7c71 | 46 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a |
5a7f4c1b | 47 | licensee, and is addressed as ``you.'' You accept the license if you |
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48 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission |
49 | under copyright law. | |
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50 | |
51 | A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the | |
52 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
53 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
54 | ||
55 | A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of | |
56 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
57 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject | |
58 | (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly | |
678e7c71 | 59 | within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a |
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60 | textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
61 | mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
62 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
63 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
64 | them. | |
65 | ||
66 | The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
67 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
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68 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
69 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | |
70 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | |
71 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | |
72 | Sections then there are none. | |
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73 | |
74 | The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
75 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
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76 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
77 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | |
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78 | |
79 | A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
80 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
678e7c71 | 81 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
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82 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
83 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
84 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
85 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
86 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
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87 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
88 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | |
89 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | |
90 | of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque.'' | |
91 | ||
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92 | |
93 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
94 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML | |
95 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple | |
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96 | HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of |
97 | transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats | |
98 | include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by | |
99 | proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or | |
509ffb01 | 100 | processing tools are not generally available, and the |
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101 | machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word |
102 | processors for output purposes only. | |
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103 | |
104 | The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
105 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
106 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
107 | formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means | |
108 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
109 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
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110 | |
111 | A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose | |
112 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | |
113 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | |
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114 | specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements,'' |
115 | ``Dedications,'' ``Endorsements,'' or ``History.'') To ``Preserve the Title'' | |
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116 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a |
117 | section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. | |
118 | ||
119 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | |
120 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | |
121 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | |
122 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
123 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | |
124 | no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
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125 | @sp 1 |
126 | @item | |
127 | VERBATIM COPYING | |
128 | ||
129 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
130 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
131 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
132 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
133 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
134 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
135 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
136 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
137 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
138 | ||
139 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
140 | you may publicly display copies. | |
141 | @sp 1 | |
142 | @item | |
143 | COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
144 | ||
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145 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
146 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | |
147 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | |
148 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
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149 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
150 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
151 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
152 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
153 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
154 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
155 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
156 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
157 | ||
158 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
159 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
160 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
161 | pages. | |
162 | ||
163 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
164 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
165 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
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166 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
167 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | |
168 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | |
169 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | |
170 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | |
171 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | |
172 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | |
173 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | |
174 | edition to the public. | |
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175 | |
176 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
177 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
178 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
179 | @sp 1 | |
180 | @item | |
181 | MODIFICATIONS | |
182 | ||
183 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
184 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
185 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
186 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
187 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
188 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
189 | ||
190 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
191 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
192 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
193 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
194 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission.@* | |
195 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
196 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
197 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
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198 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), |
199 | unless they release you from this requirement.@* | |
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200 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
201 | Modified Version, as the publisher.@* | |
202 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@* | |
203 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
204 | adjacent to the other copyright notices.@* | |
205 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
206 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
207 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.@* | |
208 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
209 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@* | |
210 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@* | |
5a7f4c1b | 211 | I. Preserve the section Entitled ``History,'' Preserve its Title, and add |
678e7c71 | 212 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
509ffb01 | 213 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
678e7c71 | 214 | there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one |
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215 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
216 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
217 | Version as stated in the previous sentence.@* | |
218 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
219 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
220 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
221 | it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. | |
222 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
223 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
224 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@* | |
5a7f4c1b | 225 | K. For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications,'' |
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226 | Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all |
227 | the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements | |
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228 | and/or dedications given therein.@* |
229 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
230 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
231 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@* | |
678e7c71 | 232 | M. Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements.'' Such a section |
509ffb01 | 233 | may not be included in the Modified Version.@* |
678e7c71 | 234 | N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' |
509ffb01 | 235 | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@* |
678e7c71 | 236 | O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.@* |
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237 | @sp 1 |
238 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
239 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
240 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
241 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
242 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
243 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
244 | ||
5a7f4c1b | 245 | You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements,'' provided it contains |
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246 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
247 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
248 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
249 | standard. | |
250 | ||
251 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
252 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
253 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
254 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
255 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
256 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
257 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
258 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
259 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
260 | ||
261 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
262 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
263 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
264 | @sp 1 | |
265 | @item | |
266 | COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
267 | ||
268 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
269 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
270 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
271 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
272 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
678e7c71 | 273 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
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274 | |
275 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
276 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
277 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
278 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
279 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
280 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
281 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
282 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
283 | ||
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284 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' |
285 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | |
5a7f4c1b | 286 | ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements,'' |
678e7c71 RF |
287 | and any sections Entitled ``Dedications.'' You must delete all sections |
288 | Entitled ``Endorsements.'' | |
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289 | @sp 1 |
290 | @item | |
291 | COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
292 | ||
293 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
294 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
295 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
296 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
297 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
298 | ||
299 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
300 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
301 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
302 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
303 | @sp 1 | |
304 | @item | |
305 | AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
306 | ||
307 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
308 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
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309 | distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright |
310 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | |
311 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
312 | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not | |
313 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | |
314 | derivative works of the Document. | |
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315 | |
316 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
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317 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
318 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
319 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
320 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | |
321 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | |
322 | aggregate. | |
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323 | @sp 1 |
324 | @item | |
325 | TRANSLATION | |
326 | ||
327 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
328 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
329 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
330 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
331 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
332 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
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333 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
334 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | |
335 | the original English version of this License and the original versions | |
336 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | |
337 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | |
338 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | |
339 | ||
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340 | If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements,'' |
341 | ``Dedications,'' or ``History,'' the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | |
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342 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual |
343 | title. | |
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344 | @sp 1 |
345 | @item | |
346 | TERMINATION | |
347 | ||
348 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
349 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
350 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
351 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
352 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
353 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
354 | parties remain in full compliance. | |
355 | @sp 1 | |
356 | @item | |
357 | FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
358 | ||
359 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
360 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
361 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
362 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
363 | http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. | |
364 | ||
365 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
366 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
367 | License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of | |
368 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
369 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
370 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
371 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
372 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
373 | ||
374 | @end enumerate | |
375 | ||
376 | @unnumberedsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | |
377 | ||
378 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
379 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
380 | license notices just after the title page: | |
381 | ||
382 | @smallexample | |
383 | @group | |
9b60df4d RS |
384 | Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. |
385 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
678e7c71 | 386 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 |
9b60df4d | 387 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
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388 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. |
389 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU | |
5a7f4c1b | 390 | Free Documentation License.'' |
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391 | @end group |
392 | @end smallexample | |
393 | ||
394 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, | |
395 | replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this: | |
396 | ||
397 | @smallexample | |
398 | @group | |
9b60df4d | 399 | with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the |
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400 | Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being |
401 | @var{list}. | |
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402 | @end group |
403 | @end smallexample | |
9b60df4d | 404 | |
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405 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
406 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | |
407 | situation. | |
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408 | |
409 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
410 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
411 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
412 | to permit their use in free software. | |
ab5796a9 MB |
413 | |
414 | @ignore | |
415 | arch-tag: c1679162-1d8a-4f02-bc52-2e71765f0165 | |
416 | @end ignore |