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1 | \documentclass{article} |
2 | %\usepackage[latin9]{inputenc} | |
3 | \usepackage{hevea} | |
4 | \usepackage{fullpage} | |
5 | \usepackage{alltt} | |
6 | \usepackage{xspace} | |
7 | \usepackage[pdfborder={0 0 0}]{hyperref} | |
8 | \usepackage{listings} | |
9 | \usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{color} | |
10 | \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} | |
11 | \usepackage{multirow} | |
12 | ||
13 | \lstset{basicstyle=\ttfamily,numbers=left, numberstyle=\tiny, stepnumber=1, numbersep=5pt,language=C,commentstyle=\color{OliveGreen},keywordstyle=\color{blue},stringstyle=\color{BrickRed}} | |
14 | ||
15 | % | |
16 | % You must prefix the +/- lines of | |
17 | % cocci files with @+/@- respectively. | |
18 | % This will enable the automatic coloration. | |
19 | % | |
20 | % Note: You need at least the following version of hevea | |
21 | % http://hevea.inria.fr/distri/unstable/hevea-2008-12-17.tar.gz | |
22 | % | |
23 | \ifhevea % For HTML generation | |
24 | \lstdefinelanguage{Cocci}{ | |
25 | morekeywords={idexpression,expression,statement,identifier, | |
26 | parameter,list,when,strict,any,forall,local,position,typedef}, | |
27 | keywordstyle=\color{OliveGreen}\bfseries, | |
28 | sensitive=false, | |
29 | moredelim=[is][\color{blue}]{@M}{@M}, | |
30 | moredelim=[il][\color{OliveGreen}]{@+}, | |
31 | moredelim=[il][\color{BrickRed}]{@-}} | |
32 | ||
33 | \lstdefinelanguage{PatchC}[ANSI]{C}{ | |
34 | stringstyle=\color{black}, | |
35 | moredelim=[il][\color{OliveGreen}]{@+}, | |
36 | moredelim=[il][\color{BrickRed}]{@-}, | |
37 | moredelim=[il][\color{Plum}]{@M}} | |
38 | ||
39 | \else % For DVI/PS/PDF generation | |
40 | \lstdefinelanguage{Cocci}{ | |
41 | morekeywords={idexpression,expression,statement,identifier, | |
42 | parameter,list,when,strict,any,forall,local,position,typedef}, | |
43 | keywordstyle=\color{OliveGreen}\bfseries, | |
44 | sensitive=false, | |
45 | moredelim=*[is][\color{blue}]{@M}{@M}, | |
46 | moredelim=[il][\color{OliveGreen}]{@+}, | |
47 | moredelim=[il][\color{BrickRed}]{@-}} | |
48 | ||
49 | \lstdefinelanguage{PatchC}[ANSI]{C}{ | |
50 | stringstyle=\color{black}, | |
51 | moredelim=[il][\color{OliveGreen}]{@+}, | |
52 | moredelim=[il][\color{BrickRed}]{@-}, | |
53 | moredelim=[il][\color{Plum}]{@M}} | |
54 | \fi | |
55 | ||
56 | \newif\iflanguagestyle | |
57 | \languagestylefalse | |
58 | \input{grammar} | |
59 | ||
60 | \newcommand{\sizecodebis}[0]{\scriptsize} | |
61 | ||
62 | \newcommand{\mita}[1]{\mbox{\it{{#1}}}} | |
63 | \newcommand{\mtt}[1]{\mbox{\tt{{#1}}}} | |
64 | \newcommand{\msf}[1]{\mbox{\sf{{#1}}}} | |
65 | \newcommand{\stt}[1]{\mbox{\scriptsize\tt{{#1}}}} | |
66 | \newcommand{\ssf}[1]{\mbox{\scriptsize\sf{{#1}}}} | |
67 | \newcommand{\sita}[1]{\mbox{\scriptsize\it{{#1}}}} | |
68 | \newcommand{\mrm}[1]{\mbox{\rm{{#1}}}} | |
69 | \newcommand{\mth}[1]{\({#1}\)} | |
70 | \newcommand{\entails}[2]{\begin{array}{@{}c@{}}{#1}\\\hline{#2}\end{array}} | |
71 | \newcommand{\ttlb}{\mbox{\tt \char'173}} | |
72 | \newcommand{\ttrb}{\mbox{\tt \char'175}} | |
73 | \newcommand{\ttmid}{\mbox{\tt \char'174}} | |
74 | \newcommand{\tttld}{\mbox{\tt \char'176}} | |
75 | ||
76 | \newcommand{\fixme}[1]{{\color{red} #1}} | |
77 | ||
78 | \ifhevea | |
79 | \newcommand{\phantom}{} | |
80 | \newcommand{\air}{ } | |
81 | \else | |
82 | \newcommand{\air}{\phantom{xxx}} | |
83 | \fi | |
84 | ||
85 | \title{The SmPL Grammar (version 0.1.4)} | |
86 | \author{Research group on Coccinelle} | |
87 | \date{\today} | |
88 | ||
89 | \begin{document} | |
90 | \maketitle | |
91 | ||
92 | %\section{The SmPL Grammar} | |
93 | ||
94 | % This section presents the SmPL grammar. This definition follows closely | |
95 | % our implementation using the Menhir parser generator \cite{menhir}. | |
96 | ||
97 | This document presents the grammar of the SmPL language used by the | |
98 | \href{http://www.emn.fr/x-info/coccinelle}{Coccinelle tool}. For the most | |
99 | part, the grammar is written using standard notation. In some rules, | |
100 | however, the left-hand side is in all uppercase letters. These are | |
101 | macros, which take one or more grammar rule right-hand-sides as | |
102 | arguments. The grammar also uses some unspecified nonterminals, such | |
103 | as {\sf id}, {\sf const}, etc. These refer to the sets suggested by | |
104 | the name, {\em i.e.}, {\sf id} refers to the set of possible | |
105 | C-language identifiers, while {\sf const} refers to the set of | |
106 | possible C-language constants. \ifhevea A PDF version of this | |
107 | documentation is available at | |
108 | \url{http://www.emn.fr/x-info/coccinelle/docs/cocci_syntax.pdf}.\else | |
109 | A HTML version of this documentation is available online at | |
110 | \url{http://www.emn.fr/x-info/coccinelle/docs/cocci_syntax.html}. \fi | |
111 | ||
112 | %% \ifhevea A PDF | |
113 | %% version of this documentation is available at | |
114 | %% \url{http://localhost:8080/coccinelle/cocci_syntax.pdf}.\else A HTML | |
115 | %% version of this documentation is available online at | |
116 | %% \url{http://localhost:8080/coccinelle/cocci_syntax.html}. \fi | |
117 | ||
118 | \section{Program} | |
119 | ||
120 | \begin{grammar} | |
121 | \RULE{\rt{program}} | |
122 | \CASE{\any{\NT{include\_cocci}} \some{\NT{changeset}}} | |
123 | ||
124 | \RULE{\rt{include\_cocci}} | |
125 | \CASE{using \NT{string}} | |
126 | \CASE{using \NT{pathToIsoFile}} | |
127 | ||
128 | \RULE{\rt{changeset}} | |
129 | \CASE{\NT{metavariables} \NT{transformation}} | |
130 | % \CASE{\NT{metavariables} \ANY{--- filename +++ filename} \NT{transformation}} | |
131 | ||
132 | \end{grammar} | |
133 | ||
134 | % Between the metavariables and the transformation rule, there can be a | |
135 | % specification of constraints on the names of the old and new files, | |
136 | % analogous to the filename specifications in the standard patch syntax. | |
137 | % (see Figure \ref{scsiglue_patch}). | |
138 | ||
139 | \section{Metavariables} | |
140 | ||
141 | The \NT{rulename} portion of the metavariable declaration can specify | |
142 | properties of a rule such as its name, the names of the rules that it | |
143 | depends on, the isomorphisms to be used in processing the rule, and whether | |
144 | quantification over paths should be universal or existential. The optional | |
145 | annotation {\tt expression} indicates that the pattern is to be considered | |
146 | as matching an expression, and thus can be used to avoid some parsing | |
147 | problems. | |
148 | ||
149 | The \NT{metadecl} portion of the metavariable declaration defines various | |
150 | types of metavariables that will be used for matching in the transformation | |
151 | section. | |
152 | ||
153 | \begin{grammar} | |
154 | \RULE{\rt{metavariables}} | |
155 | \CASE{@@ \any{\NT{metadecl}} @@} | |
156 | \CASE{@ \NT{rulename} @ \any{\NT{metadecl}} @@} | |
157 | ||
158 | \RULE{\rt{rulename}} | |
159 | \CASE{\T{id} \OPT{extends \T{id}} \OPT{depends on \NT{dep}} \opt{\NT{iso}} | |
160 | \opt{\NT{disable-iso}} \opt{\NT{exists}} \opt{expression}} | |
161 | \CASE{script:\T{language} \OPT{depends on \NT{dep}}} | |
162 | ||
163 | \RULE{\rt{dep}} | |
164 | \CASE{\NT{pnrule}} | |
165 | \CASE{\NT{dep} \&\& \NT{dep}} | |
166 | \CASE{\NT{dep} || \NT{dep}} | |
167 | ||
168 | \RULE{\rt{pnrule}} | |
169 | \CASE{\T{id}} | |
170 | \CASE{!\T{id}} | |
171 | \CASE{ever \T{id}} | |
172 | \CASE{never \T{id}} | |
173 | \CASE{(\NT{dep})} | |
174 | ||
175 | \RULE{\rt{iso}} | |
176 | \CASE{using \NT{string} \ANY{, \NT{string}}} | |
177 | ||
178 | \RULE{\rt{disable-iso}} | |
179 | \CASE{disable \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\T{id}\mth{)}} | |
180 | ||
181 | \RULE{\rt{exists}} | |
182 | \CASE{exists} | |
183 | \CASE{forall} | |
184 | % \CASE{\opt{reverse} forall} | |
185 | ||
186 | \RULE{\rt{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\rt{elem}\mth{)}} | |
187 | \CASE{\NT{elem} \ANY{, \NT{elem}}} | |
188 | \end{grammar} | |
189 | ||
190 | The keyword \NT{disable-iso} is normally used with the names of | |
191 | isomorphisms defined in standard.iso or whatever isomorphism file has been | |
192 | included. There are, however, some other isomorphisms that are built into | |
193 | the implementation of Coccinelle and that can be disabled as well. Their | |
194 | names are given below. In each case, the text descibes the standard | |
195 | behavior. Using \NT{disable-iso} with the given name disables this behavior. | |
196 | ||
197 | \begin{itemize} | |
198 | \item \KW{optional\_storage}: A SmPL function definition that does not | |
199 | specify any visibility (i.e., static or extern), or a SmPL variable | |
200 | declaration that does not specify any storage (i.e., auto, static, | |
201 | register, or extern), matches a function declaration or variable | |
202 | declaration with any visibility or storage, respectively. | |
203 | \item \KW{optional\_qualifier}: This is similar to \KW{optional\_storage}, | |
204 | except that here is it the qualifier (i.e., const or volatile) that does | |
205 | not have to be specified in the SmPL code, but may be present in the C code. | |
206 | \item \KW{value\_format}: Integers in various formats, e.g., 1 and 0x1, are | |
207 | considered to be equivalent in the matching process. | |
208 | \item \KW{comm\_assoc}: An expression of the form \NT{exp} \NT{bin\_op} | |
209 | \KW{...}, where \NT{bin\_op} is commutative and associative, is | |
210 | considered to match any top-level sequence of \NT{bin\_op} operators | |
211 | containing \NT{exp} as the top-level argument. | |
212 | \end{itemize} | |
213 | ||
214 | The possible types of metavariable declarations are defined by the grammar | |
215 | rule below. Metavariables should occur at least once in the transformation | |
216 | immediately following their declaration. Fresh metavariables must only be | |
217 | used in {\tt +} code. These properties are not expressed in the grammar, | |
218 | but are checked by a subsequent analysis. The metavariables are designated | |
219 | according to the kind of terms they can match, such as a statement, an | |
220 | identifier, or an expression. An expression metavariable can be further | |
221 | constrained by its type. | |
222 | ||
223 | \begin{grammar} | |
224 | \RULE{\rt{metadecl}} | |
225 | \CASE{fresh identifier \NT{ids} ;} | |
226 | \CASE{identifier \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
227 | \CASE{parameter \opt{list} \NT{ids} ;} | |
228 | \CASE{parameter list [ \NT{id} ] \NT{ids} ;} | |
229 | \CASE{type \NT{ids} ;} | |
230 | \CASE{statement \opt{list} \NT{ids} ;} | |
231 | \CASE{typedef \NT{ids} ;} | |
232 | \CASE{declarer name \NT{ids} ;} | |
233 | % \CASE{\opt{local} function \NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq\_list} ;} | |
234 | \CASE{declarer \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
235 | \CASE{iterator name \NT{ids} ;} | |
236 | \CASE{iterator \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
237 | % \CASE{error \NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq\_list} ; } | |
238 | \CASE{\opt{local} idexpression \opt{\NT{ctype}} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
239 | \CASE{\opt{local} idexpression \OPT{\ttlb \NT{ctypes}\ttrb~\any{*}} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
240 | \CASE{\opt{local} idexpression \some{*} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
241 | \CASE{expression list \NT{ids} ;} | |
242 | \CASE{expression \some{*} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
243 | \CASE{expression \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_ceq}\mth{)} ;} | |
244 | \CASE{expression list [ ident ] \NT{ids} ;} | |
245 | \CASE{\NT{ctype} [ ] \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
246 | \CASE{\NT{ctype} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_ceq}\mth{)} ;} | |
247 | \CASE{\ttlb \NT{ctypes}\ttrb~\any{*} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_ceq}\mth{)} ;} | |
248 | \CASE{\ttlb \NT{ctypes}\ttrb~\any{*} [ ] \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
249 | \CASE{constant \opt{\NT{ctype}} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
250 | \CASE{constant \OPT{\ttlb \NT{ctypes}\ttrb~\any{*}} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}\mth{)} ;} | |
251 | \CASE{position \opt{any} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid\_with\_not\_eq\_mid}\mth{)} ;} | |
252 | \end{grammar} | |
253 | ||
254 | \begin{grammar} | |
255 | \RULE{\rt{ids}} | |
256 | \CASE{\NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{pmid}\mth{)}} | |
257 | ||
258 | \RULE{\rt{pmid}} | |
259 | \CASE{\T{id}} | |
260 | \CASE{\NT{mid}} | |
261 | % \CASE{list} | |
262 | % \CASE{error} | |
263 | % \CASE{type} | |
264 | ||
265 | \RULE{\rt{mid}} \CASE{\T{rulename\_id}.\T{id}} | |
266 | ||
267 | \RULE{\rt{pmid\_with\_not\_eq}} | |
268 | \CASE{\NT{pmid} \OPT{!= \T{id}}} | |
269 | \CASE{\NT{pmid} \OPT{!= \ttlb~\NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\T{id}\mth{)} \ttrb}} | |
270 | ||
271 | \RULE{\rt{pmid\_with\_not\_ceq}} | |
272 | \CASE{\NT{pmid} \OPT{!= \NT{id\_or\_cst}}} | |
273 | \CASE{\NT{pmid} \OPT{!= \ttlb~\NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{id\_or\_cst}\mth{)} \ttrb}} | |
274 | ||
275 | \RULE{\rt{id\_or\_cst}} | |
276 | \CASE{\T{id}} | |
277 | \CASE{\T{integer}} | |
278 | ||
279 | \RULE{\rt{pmid\_with\_not\_eq\_mid}} | |
280 | \CASE{\NT{pmid} \OPT{!= \NT{mid}}} | |
281 | \CASE{\NT{pmid} \OPT{!= \ttlb~\NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{mid}\mth{)} \ttrb}} | |
282 | \end{grammar} | |
283 | ||
284 | Subsequently, we refer to arbitrary metavariables as | |
285 | \mth{\msf{metaid}^{\mbox{\scriptsize{\it{ty}}}}}, where {\it{ty}} | |
286 | indicates the {\it metakind} used in the declaration of the variable. | |
287 | For example, \mth{\msf{metaid}^{\ssf{Type}}} refers to a metavariable | |
288 | that was declared using \texttt{type} and stands for any type. | |
289 | ||
290 | The \NT{ctype} and \NT{ctypes} nonterminals are used by both the grammar of | |
291 | metavariable declarations and the grammar of transformations, and are | |
292 | defined on page~\pageref{types}. | |
293 | ||
294 | \section{Transformation} | |
295 | ||
296 | The transformation specification essentially has the form of C code, | |
297 | except that lines to remove are annotated with \verb+-+ in the first | |
298 | column, and lines to add are annotated with \verb-+-. A | |
299 | transformation specification can also use {\em dots}, ``\verb-...-'', | |
300 | describing an arbitrary sequence of function arguments or instructions | |
301 | within a control-flow path. Dots may be modified with a {\tt when} | |
302 | clause, indicating a pattern that should not occur anywhere within the | |
303 | matched sequence. Finally, a transformation can specify a disjunction | |
304 | of patterns, of the form \mtt{( \mth{\mita{pat}_1} | \mita{\ldots} | | |
305 | \mth{\mita{pat}_n} )} where each \texttt{(}, \texttt{|} or | |
306 | \texttt{)} is in column 0 or preceded by \texttt{\textbackslash}. | |
307 | ||
308 | The grammar that we present for the transformation is not actually the | |
309 | grammar of the SmPL code that can be written by the programmer, but is | |
310 | instead the grammar of the slice of this consisting of the {\tt -} | |
311 | annotated and the unannotated code (the context of the transformed lines), | |
312 | or the {\tt +} annotated code and the unannotated code. For example, for | |
313 | parsing purposes, the following transformation | |
314 | %presented in Section \ref{sec:seq2} | |
315 | is split into the two variants shown below and each is parsed | |
316 | separately. | |
317 | ||
318 | \begin{center} | |
319 | \begin{tabular}{c} | |
320 | \begin{lstlisting}[language=Cocci] | |
321 | proc_info_func(...) { | |
322 | <... | |
323 | @-- hostno | |
324 | @++ hostptr->host_no | |
325 | ...> | |
326 | } | |
327 | \end{lstlisting}\\ | |
328 | \end{tabular} | |
329 | \end{center} | |
330 | ||
331 | {%\sizecodebis | |
332 | \begin{center} | |
333 | \begin{tabular}{p{5cm}p{3cm}p{5cm}} | |
334 | \begin{lstlisting}[language=Cocci] | |
335 | proc_info_func(...) { | |
336 | <... | |
337 | @-- hostno | |
338 | ...> | |
339 | } | |
340 | \end{lstlisting} | |
341 | && | |
342 | \begin{lstlisting}[language=Cocci] | |
343 | proc_info_func(...) { | |
344 | <... | |
345 | @++ hostptr->host_no | |
346 | ...> | |
347 | } | |
348 | \end{lstlisting} | |
349 | \end{tabular} | |
350 | \end{center} | |
351 | } | |
352 | ||
353 | \noindent | |
354 | Requiring that both slices parse correctly ensures that the rule matches | |
355 | syntactically valid C code and that it produces syntactically valid C code. | |
356 | The generated parse trees are then merged for use in the subsequent | |
357 | matching and transformation process. | |
358 | ||
359 | The grammar for the minus or plus slice of a transformation is as follows: | |
360 | ||
361 | \begin{grammar} | |
362 | ||
363 | \RULE{\rt{transformation}} | |
364 | \CASE{\some{\NT{include}}} | |
365 | \CASE{\NT{OPTDOTSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{expr}, \NT{when}\mth{)}} | |
366 | \CASE{\NT{OPTDOTSEQ}\mth{(}\some{\NT{decl\_stmt}}, \NT{when}\mth{)}} | |
367 | \CASE{\NT{OPTDOTSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{fundecl}, \NT{when}\mth{)}} | |
368 | ||
369 | \RULE{\rt{include}} | |
370 | \CASE{\#include \T{include\_string}} | |
371 | ||
372 | % \RULE{\rt{fun\_decl\_stmt}} | |
373 | % \CASE{\NT{decl\_stmt}} | |
374 | % \CASE{\NT{fundecl}} | |
375 | ||
376 | % \CASE{\NT{ctype}} | |
377 | % \CASE{\ttlb \NT{initialize\_list} \ttrb} | |
378 | % \CASE{\NT{toplevel\_seq\_start\_after\_dots\_init}} | |
379 | % | |
380 | % \RULE{\rt{toplevel\_seq\_start\_after\_dots\_init}} | |
381 | % \CASE{\NT{stmt\_dots} \NT{toplevel\_after\_dots}} | |
382 | % \CASE{\NT{expr} \opt{\NT{toplevel\_after\_exp}}} | |
383 | % \CASE{\NT{decl\_stmt\_expr} \opt{\NT{toplevel\_after\_stmt}}} | |
384 | % | |
385 | % \RULE{\rt{stmt\_dots}} | |
386 | % \CASE{... \any{\NT{when}}} | |
387 | % \CASE{<... \any{\NT{when}} \NT{nest\_after\_dots} ...>} | |
388 | % \CASE{<+... \any{\NT{when}} \NT{nest\_after\_dots} ...+>} | |
389 | ||
390 | \RULE{\rt{when}} | |
391 | \CASE{when != \NT{when\_code}} | |
392 | \CASE{when = \NT{rule\_elem\_stmt}} | |
393 | \CASE{when \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{any\_strict}\mth{)}} | |
394 | \CASE{when true != \NT{expr}} | |
395 | \CASE{when false != \NT{expr}} | |
396 | ||
397 | \RULE{\rt{when\_code}} | |
398 | \CASE{\NT{OPTDOTSEQ}\mth{(}\some{\NT{decl\_stmt}}, \NT{when}\mth{)}} | |
399 | \CASE{\NT{OPTDOTSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{expr}, \NT{when}\mth{)}} | |
400 | ||
401 | \RULE{\rt{rule\_elem\_stmt}} | |
402 | \CASE{\NT{one\_decl}} | |
403 | \CASE{\NT{expr};} | |
404 | \CASE{return \opt{\NT{expr}};} | |
405 | \CASE{break;} | |
406 | \CASE{continue;} | |
407 | \CASE{\bs(\NT{rule\_elem\_stmt} \SOME{\bs| \NT{rule\_elem\_stmt}}\bs)} | |
408 | ||
409 | \RULE{\rt{any\_strict}} | |
410 | \CASE{any} | |
411 | \CASE{strict} | |
412 | \CASE{forall} | |
413 | \CASE{exists} | |
414 | ||
415 | % \RULE{\rt{nest\_after\_dots}} | |
416 | % \CASE{\NT{decl\_stmt\_exp} \opt{\NT{nest\_after\_stmt}}} | |
417 | % \CASE{\opt{\NT{exp}} \opt{\NT{nest\_after\_exp}}} | |
418 | % | |
419 | % \RULE{\rt{nest\_after\_stmt}} | |
420 | % \CASE{\NT{stmt\_dots} \NT{nest\_after\_dots}} | |
421 | % \CASE{\NT{decl\_stmt} \opt{\NT{nest\_after\_stmt}}} | |
422 | % | |
423 | % \RULE{\rt{nest\_after\_exp}} | |
424 | % \CASE{\NT{stmt\_dots} \NT{nest\_after\_dots}} | |
425 | % | |
426 | % \RULE{\rt{toplevel\_after\_dots}} | |
427 | % \CASE{\opt{\NT{toplevel\_after\_exp}}} | |
428 | % \CASE{\NT{exp} \opt{\NT{toplevel\_after\_exp}}} | |
429 | % \CASE{\NT{decl\_stmt\_expr} \NT{toplevel\_after\_stmt}} | |
430 | % | |
431 | % \RULE{\rt{toplevel\_after\_exp}} | |
432 | % \CASE{\NT{stmt\_dots} \opt{\NT{toplevel\_after\_dots}}} | |
433 | % | |
434 | % \RULE{\rt{decl\_stmt\_expr}} | |
435 | % \CASE{TMetaStmList$^\ddag$} | |
436 | % \CASE{\NT{decl\_var}} | |
437 | % \CASE{\NT{stmt}} | |
438 | % \CASE{(\NT{stmt\_seq} \ANY{| \NT{stmt\_seq}})} | |
439 | % | |
440 | % \RULE{\rt{toplevel\_after\_stmt}} | |
441 | % \CASE{\NT{stmt\_dots} \opt{\NT{toplevel\_after\_dots}}} | |
442 | % \CASE{\NT{decl\_stmt} \NT{toplevel\_after\_stmt}} | |
443 | ||
444 | \end{grammar} | |
445 | ||
446 | \begin{grammar} | |
447 | \RULE{\rt{OPTDOTSEQ}\mth{(}\rt{grammar\_ds}, \rt{when\_ds}\mth{)}} | |
448 | \CASE{}\multicolumn{3}{r}{\hspace{1cm} | |
449 | \KW{\opt{... \opt{\NT{when\_ds}}} \NT{grammar\_ds} | |
450 | \ANY{... \opt{\NT{when\_ds}} \NT{grammar\_ds}} | |
451 | \opt{... \opt{\NT{when\_ds}}}} | |
452 | } | |
453 | ||
454 | % \CASE{\opt{... \opt{\NT{when\_ds}}} \NT{grammar} | |
455 | % \ANY{... \opt{\NT{when\_ds}} \NT{grammar}} | |
456 | % \opt{... \opt{\NT{when\_ds}}}} | |
457 | % \CASE{<... \any{\NT{when\_ds}} \NT{grammar} ...>} | |
458 | % \CASE{<+... \any{\NT{when\_ds}} \NT{grammar} ...+>} | |
459 | ||
460 | \end{grammar} | |
461 | ||
462 | \noindent | |
463 | Lines may be annotated with an element of the set $\{\mtt{-}, \mtt{+}, | |
464 | \mtt{*}\}$ or the singleton $\mtt{?}$, or one of each set. \mtt{?} | |
465 | represents at most one match of the given pattern. \mtt{*} is used for | |
466 | semantic match, \emph{i.e.}, a pattern that highlights the fragments | |
467 | annotated with \mtt{*}, but does not perform any modification of the | |
468 | matched code. \mtt{*} cannot be mixed with \mtt{-} and \mtt{+}. There are | |
469 | some constraints on the use of these annotations: | |
470 | \begin{itemize} | |
471 | \item Dots, {\em i.e.} \texttt{...}, cannot occur on a line marked | |
472 | \texttt{+}. | |
473 | \item Nested dots, {\em i.e.}, dots enclosed in {\tt <} and {\tt >}, cannot | |
474 | occur on a line with any marking. | |
475 | \end{itemize} | |
476 | ||
477 | \section{Types} | |
478 | \label{types} | |
479 | ||
480 | \begin{grammar} | |
481 | ||
482 | \RULE{\rt{ctypes}} | |
483 | \CASE{\NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{ctype}\mth{)}} | |
484 | ||
485 | \RULE{\rt{ctype}} | |
486 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{const\_vol}} \NT{generic\_ctype} \any{*}} | |
487 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{const\_vol}} void \some{*}} | |
488 | \CASE{(\NT{ctype} \ANY{| \NT{ctype}})} | |
489 | ||
490 | \RULE{\rt{const\_vol}} | |
491 | \CASE{const} | |
492 | \CASE{volatile} | |
493 | ||
494 | \RULE{\rt{generic\_ctype}} | |
495 | \CASE{\NT{ctype\_qualif}} | |
496 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{ctype\_qualif}} char} | |
497 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{ctype\_qualif}} short} | |
498 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{ctype\_qualif}} int} | |
499 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{ctype\_qualif}} long} | |
500 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{ctype\_qualif}} long long} | |
501 | \CASE{double} | |
502 | \CASE{float} | |
503 | \CASE{\OPT{struct\OR union} \T{id} \OPT{\{ \any{\NT{struct\_decl\_list}} \}}} | |
504 | ||
505 | \RULE{\rt{ctype\_qualif}} | |
506 | \CASE{unsigned} | |
507 | \CASE{signed} | |
508 | ||
509 | \RULE{\rt{struct\_decl\_list}} | |
510 | \CASE{\NT{struct\_decl\_list\_start}} | |
511 | ||
512 | \RULE{\rt{struct\_decl\_list\_start}} | |
513 | \CASE{\NT{struct\_decl}} | |
514 | \CASE{\NT{struct\_decl} \NT{struct\_decl\_list\_start}} | |
515 | \CASE{... \opt{when != \NT{struct\_decl}}$^\dag$ \opt{\NT{continue\_struct\_decl\_list}}} | |
516 | ||
517 | \RULE{\rt{continue\_struct\_decl\_list}} | |
518 | \CASE{\NT{struct\_decl} \NT{struct\_decl\_list\_start}} | |
519 | \CASE{\NT{struct\_decl}} | |
520 | ||
521 | \RULE{\rt{struct\_decl}} | |
522 | \CASE{\NT{ctype} \NT{d\_ident};} | |
523 | \CASE{\NT{fn\_ctype} (* \NT{d\_ident}) (\NT{PARAMSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{name\_opt\_decl}, \mth{\varepsilon)});)} | |
524 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{const\_vol}} \T{id} \NT{d\_ident};} | |
525 | ||
526 | \RULE{\rt{d\_ident}} | |
527 | \CASE{\NT{id} \any{[\opt{\NT{expr}}]}} | |
528 | ||
529 | \RULE{\rt{fn\_ctype}} | |
530 | \CASE{\NT{generic\_ctype} \any{*}} | |
531 | \CASE{void \any{*}} | |
532 | ||
533 | \RULE{\rt{name\_opt\_decl}} | |
534 | \CASE{\NT{decl}} | |
535 | \CASE{\NT{ctype}} | |
536 | \CASE{\NT{fn\_ctype}} | |
537 | \end{grammar} | |
538 | ||
539 | $^\dag$ The optional \texttt{when} construct ends at the end of the line. | |
540 | ||
541 | \section{Function declarations} | |
542 | ||
543 | \begin{grammar} | |
544 | ||
545 | \RULE{\rt{fundecl}} | |
546 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{fn\_ctype}} \any{\NT{funinfo}} \NT{funid} | |
547 | (\opt{\NT{PARAMSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{param}, \mth{\varepsilon)}}) | |
548 | \ttlb~\opt{\NT{stmt\_seq}} \ttrb} | |
549 | ||
550 | \RULE{\rt{funproto}} | |
551 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{fn\_ctype}} \any{\NT{funinfo}} \NT{funid} | |
552 | (\opt{\NT{PARAMSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{param}, \mth{\varepsilon)}});} | |
553 | ||
554 | \RULE{\rt{funinfo}} | |
555 | \CASE{inline} | |
556 | \CASE{\NT{storage}} | |
557 | % \CASE{\NT{attr}} | |
558 | ||
559 | \RULE{\rt{storage}} | |
560 | \CASE{static} | |
561 | \CASE{auto} | |
562 | \CASE{register} | |
563 | \CASE{extern} | |
564 | ||
565 | \RULE{\rt{funid}} | |
566 | \CASE{\T{id}} | |
567 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Id}}}} | |
568 | % \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Func}}}} | |
569 | % \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{LocalFunc}}}} | |
570 | ||
571 | \RULE{\rt{param}} | |
572 | \CASE{\NT{type} \T{id}} | |
573 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Param}}}} | |
574 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{ParamList}}}} | |
575 | ||
576 | \RULE{\rt{decl}} | |
577 | \CASE{\NT{ctype} \NT{id}} | |
578 | \CASE{\NT{fn\_ctype} (* \NT{id}) (\NT{PARAMSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{name\_opt\_decl}, \mth{\varepsilon)})} | |
579 | \CASE{void} | |
580 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Param}}}} | |
581 | \end{grammar} | |
582 | ||
583 | \begin{grammar} | |
584 | \RULE{\rt{PARAMSEQ}\mth{(}\rt{gram\_p}, \rt{when\_p}\mth{)}} | |
585 | \CASE{\NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{gram\_p} \OR \ldots \opt{\NT{when\_p}}\mth{)}} | |
586 | \end{grammar} | |
587 | ||
588 | %\newpage | |
589 | ||
590 | \section{Declarations} | |
591 | ||
592 | \begin{grammar} | |
593 | \RULE{\rt{decl\_var}} | |
594 | % \CASE{\NT{type} \opt{\NT{id} \opt{[\opt{\NT{dot\_expr}}]} | |
595 | % \ANY{, \NT{id} \opt{[ \opt{\NT{dot\_expr}}]}}};} | |
596 | \CASE{\NT{common\_decl}} | |
597 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{storage}} \NT{ctype} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{d\_ident}\mth{)} ;} | |
598 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{storage}} \opt{\NT{const\_vol}} \T{id} \NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{d\_ident}\mth{)} ;} | |
599 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{storage}} \NT{fn\_ctype} ( * \NT{d\_ident} ) ( \NT{PARAMSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{name\_opt\_decl}, \mth{\varepsilon)} ) = \NT{initialize} ;} | |
600 | \CASE{typedef \NT{ctype} \NT{typedef\_ident} ;} | |
601 | ||
602 | \RULE{\rt{one\_decl}} | |
603 | \CASE{\NT{common\_decl}} | |
604 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{storage}} \NT{ctype} \NT{id};} | |
605 | % \CASE{\NT{storage} \NT{ctype} \NT{id} \opt{[\opt{\NT{dot\\_expr}}]} = \NT{nest\\_expr};} | |
606 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{storage}} \opt{\NT{const\_vol}} \T{id} \NT{d\_ident} ;} | |
607 | ||
608 | \RULE{\rt{common\_decl}} | |
609 | \CASE{\NT{ctype};} | |
610 | \CASE{\NT{funproto}} | |
611 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{storage}} \NT{ctype} \NT{d\_ident} = \NT{initialize} ;} | |
612 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{storage}} \opt{\NT{const\_vol}} \T{id} \NT{d\_ident} = \NT{initialize} ;} | |
613 | \CASE{\opt{\NT{storage}} \NT{fn\_ctype} ( * \NT{d\_ident} ) ( \NT{PARAMSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{name\_opt\_decl}, \mth{\varepsilon)} ) ;} | |
614 | \CASE{\NT{decl\_ident} ( \OPT{\NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{expr}\mth{)}} ) ;} | |
615 | ||
616 | \RULE{\rt{initialize}} | |
617 | \CASE{\NT{dot\_expr}} | |
618 | \CASE{\ttlb~\opt{\NT{COMMA\_LIST}\mth{(}\NT{dot\_expr}\mth{)}}~\ttrb} | |
619 | ||
620 | \RULE{\rt{decl\_ident}} | |
621 | \CASE{\T{DeclarerId}} | |
622 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Declarer}}}} | |
623 | \end{grammar} | |
624 | ||
625 | \section{Statements} | |
626 | ||
627 | The first rule {\em statement} describes the various forms of a statement. | |
628 | The remaining rules implement the constraints that are sensitive to the | |
629 | context in which the statement occurs: {\em single\_statement} for a | |
630 | context in which only one statement is allowed, and {\em decl\_statement} | |
631 | for a context in which a declaration, statement, or sequence thereof is | |
632 | allowed. | |
633 | ||
634 | \begin{grammar} | |
635 | \RULE{\rt{stmt}} | |
636 | \CASE{\NT{include}} | |
637 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Stmt}}}} | |
638 | \CASE{\NT{expr};} | |
639 | \CASE{if (\NT{dot\_expr}) \NT{single\_stmt} \opt{else \NT{single\_stmt}}} | |
640 | \CASE{for (\opt{\NT{dot\_expr}}; \opt{\NT{dot\_expr}}; \opt{\NT{dot\_expr}}) | |
641 | \NT{single\_stmt}} | |
642 | \CASE{while (\NT{dot\_expr}) \NT{single\_stmt}} | |
643 | \CASE{do \NT{single\_stmt} while (\NT{dot\_expr});} | |
644 | \CASE{\NT{iter\_ident} (\any{\NT{dot\_expr}}) \NT{single\_stmt}} | |
645 | \CASE{switch (\opt{\NT{dot\_expr}}) \ttlb \any{\NT{case\_line}} \ttrb} | |
646 | \CASE{return \opt{\NT{dot\_expr}};} | |
647 | \CASE{\ttlb~\opt{\NT{stmt\_seq}} \ttrb} | |
648 | \CASE{\NT{NEST}\mth{(}\some{\NT{decl\_stmt}}, \NT{when}\mth{)}} | |
649 | \CASE{\NT{NEST}\mth{(}\NT{expr}, \NT{when}\mth{)}} | |
650 | \CASE{break;} | |
651 | \CASE{continue;} | |
652 | \CASE{\NT{id}:} | |
653 | \CASE{goto \NT{id};} | |
654 | \CASE{\ttlb \NT{stmt\_seq} \ttrb} | |
655 | ||
656 | \RULE{\rt{single\_stmt}} | |
657 | \CASE{\NT{stmt}} | |
658 | \CASE{\NT{OR}\mth{(}\NT{stmt}\mth{)}} | |
659 | ||
660 | \RULE{\rt{decl\_stmt}} | |
661 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{StmtList}}}} | |
662 | \CASE{\NT{decl\_var}} | |
663 | \CASE{\NT{stmt}} | |
664 | \CASE{\NT{OR}\mth{(}\NT{stmt\_seq}\mth{)}} | |
665 | ||
666 | \RULE{\rt{stmt\_seq}} | |
667 | \CASE{\any{\NT{decl\_stmt}} | |
668 | \opt{\NT{DOTSEQ}\mth{(}\some{\NT{decl\_stmt}}, | |
669 | \NT{when}\mth{)} \any{\NT{decl\_stmt}}}} | |
670 | \CASE{\any{\NT{decl\_stmt}} | |
671 | \opt{\NT{DOTSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{expr}, | |
672 | \NT{when}\mth{)} \any{\NT{decl\_stmt}}}} | |
673 | ||
674 | \RULE{\rt{case\_line}} | |
675 | \CASE{default :~\NT{stmt\_seq}} | |
676 | \CASE{case \NT{dot\_expr} :~\NT{stmt\_seq}} | |
677 | ||
678 | \RULE{\rt{iter\_ident}} | |
679 | \CASE{\T{IteratorId}} | |
680 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Iterator}}}} | |
681 | \end{grammar} | |
682 | ||
683 | \begin{grammar} | |
684 | \RULE{\rt{OR}\mth{(}\rt{gram\_o}\mth{)}} | |
685 | \CASE{( \NT{gram\_o} \ANY{\ttmid \NT{gram\_o}})} | |
686 | ||
687 | \RULE{\rt{DOTSEQ}\mth{(}\rt{gram\_d}, \rt{when\_d}\mth{)}} | |
688 | \CASE{\ldots \opt{\NT{when\_d}} \ANY{\NT{gram\_d} \ldots \opt{\NT{when\_d}}}} | |
689 | ||
690 | \RULE{\rt{NEST}\mth{(}\rt{gram\_n}, \rt{when\_n}\mth{)}} | |
691 | \CASE{<\ldots \opt{\NT{when\_n}} \NT{gram\_n} \ANY{\ldots \opt{\NT{when\_n}} \NT{gram\_n}} \ldots>} | |
692 | \CASE{<+\ldots \opt{\NT{when\_n}} \NT{gram\_n} \ANY{\ldots \opt{\NT{when\_n}} \NT{gram\_n}} \ldots+>} | |
693 | \end{grammar} | |
694 | ||
695 | \noindent | |
696 | OR is a macro that generates a disjunction of patterns. The three | |
697 | tokens \T{(}, \T{\ttmid}, and \T{)} must appear in the leftmost | |
698 | column, to differentiate them from the parentheses and bit-or tokens | |
699 | that can appear within expressions (and cannot appear in the leftmost | |
700 | column). These token may also be preceded by \texttt{\bs} | |
701 | when they are used in an other column. These tokens are furthermore | |
702 | different from (, \(\mid\), and ), which are part of the grammar | |
703 | metalanguage. | |
704 | ||
705 | \section{Expressions} | |
706 | ||
707 | A nest or a single ellipsis is allowed in some expression contexts, and | |
708 | causes ambiguity in others. For example, in a sequence \mtt{\ldots | |
709 | \mita{expr} \ldots}, the nonterminal \mita{expr} must be instantiated as an | |
710 | explicit C-language expression, while in an array reference, | |
711 | \mtt{\mth{\mita{expr}_1} \mtt{[} \mth{\mita{expr}_2} \mtt{]}}, the | |
712 | nonterminal \mth{\mita{expr}_2}, because it is delimited by brackets, can | |
713 | be also instantiated as \mtt{\ldots}, representing an arbitrary expression. To | |
714 | distinguish between the various possibilities, we define three nonterminals | |
715 | for expressions: {\em expr} does not allow either top-level nests or | |
716 | ellipses, {\em nest\_expr} allows a nest but not an ellipsis, and {\em | |
717 | dot\_expr} allows both. The EXPR macro is used to express these variants | |
718 | in a concise way. | |
719 | ||
720 | \begin{grammar} | |
721 | \RULE{\rt{expr}} | |
722 | \CASE{\NT{EXPR}\mth{(}\NT{expr}\mth{)}} | |
723 | ||
724 | \RULE{\rt{nest\_expr}} | |
725 | \CASE{\NT{EXPR}\mth{(}\NT{nest\_expr}\mth{)}} | |
726 | \CASE{\NT{NEST}\mth{(}\NT{nest\_expr}, \NT{exp\_whencode}\mth{)}} | |
727 | ||
728 | \RULE{\rt{dot\_expr}} | |
729 | \CASE{\NT{EXPR}\mth{(}\NT{dot\_expr}\mth{)}} | |
730 | \CASE{\NT{NEST}\mth{(}\NT{dot\_expr}, \NT{exp\_whencode}\mth{)}} | |
731 | \CASE{...~\opt{\NT{exp\_whencode}}} | |
732 | ||
733 | \RULE{\rt{EXPR}\mth{(}\rt{exp}\mth{)}} | |
734 | \CASE{\NT{exp} \NT{assign\_op} \NT{exp}} | |
735 | \CASE{\NT{exp}++} | |
736 | \CASE{\NT{exp}--} | |
737 | \CASE{\NT{unary\_op} \NT{exp}} | |
738 | \CASE{\NT{exp} \NT{bin\_op} \NT{exp}} | |
739 | \CASE{\NT{exp} ?~\NT{dot\_expr} :~\NT{exp}} | |
740 | \CASE{(\NT{type}) \NT{exp}} | |
741 | \CASE{\NT{exp} [\NT{dot\_expr}]} | |
742 | \CASE{\NT{exp} .~\NT{id}} | |
743 | \CASE{\NT{exp} -> \NT{id}} | |
744 | \CASE{\NT{exp}(\opt{\NT{PARAMSEQ}\mth{(}\NT{arg}, \NT{exp\_whencode}\mth{)}})} | |
745 | \CASE{\NT{id}} | |
746 | % \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Func}}}} | |
747 | % \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{LocalFunc}}}} | |
748 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Exp}}}} | |
749 | % \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Err}}}} | |
750 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Const}}}} | |
751 | \CASE{\NT{const}} | |
752 | \CASE{(\NT{dot\_expr})} | |
753 | \CASE{\NT{OR}\mth{(}\NT{exp}\mth{)}} | |
754 | ||
755 | \RULE{\rt{arg}} | |
756 | \CASE{\NT{nest\_expr}} | |
757 | \CASE{\mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{ExpList}}}} | |
758 | ||
759 | \RULE{\rt{exp\_whencode}} | |
760 | \CASE{when != \NT{expr}} | |
761 | ||
762 | \RULE{\rt{assign\_op}} | |
763 | \CASE{= \OR -= \OR += \OR *= \OR /= \OR \%=} | |
764 | \CASE{\&= \OR |= \OR \caret= \OR \lt\lt= \OR \gt\gt=} | |
765 | ||
766 | \RULE{\rt{bin\_op}} | |
767 | \CASE{* \OR / \OR \% \OR + \OR -} | |
768 | \CASE{\lt\lt \OR \gt\gt \OR \caret\xspace \OR \& \OR \ttmid} | |
769 | \CASE{< \OR > \OR <= \OR >= \OR == \OR != \OR \&\& \OR \ttmid\ttmid} | |
770 | ||
771 | \RULE{\rt{unary\_op}} | |
772 | \CASE{++ \OR -- \OR \& \OR * \OR + \OR - \OR !} | |
773 | ||
774 | \end{grammar} | |
775 | ||
776 | \section{Constant, Identifiers and Types for Transformations} | |
777 | ||
778 | \begin{grammar} | |
779 | \RULE{\rt{const}} | |
780 | \CASE{\NT{string}} | |
781 | \CASE{[0-9]+} | |
782 | \CASE{\mth{\cdots}} | |
783 | ||
784 | \RULE{\rt{string}} | |
785 | \CASE{"\any{[\^{}"]}"} | |
786 | ||
787 | \RULE{\rt{id}} | |
788 | \CASE{\T{id} \OR \mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Id}}}} | |
789 | ||
790 | \RULE{\rt{typedef\_ident}} | |
791 | \CASE{\T{id} \OR \mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Type}}}} | |
792 | ||
793 | \RULE{\rt{type}} | |
794 | \CASE{\NT{ctype} \OR \mth{\T{metaid}^{\ssf{Type}}}} | |
795 | ||
796 | \RULE{\rt{pathToIsoFile}} | |
797 | \CASE{<.*>} | |
798 | \end{grammar} | |
799 | ||
800 | \include{examples} | |
801 | \end{document} | |
802 | ||
803 | %%% Local Variables: | |
804 | %%% mode: LaTeX | |
805 | %%% TeX-master: "cocci_syntax" | |
806 | %%% coding: latin-9 | |
807 | %%% TeX-PDF-mode: t | |
808 | %%% ispell-local-dictionary: "american" | |
809 | %%% End: |