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1 | -*- mode: org -*- |
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3 | [[https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/][GNU Guix]] (IPA: /ɡiːks/) is a purely functional package manager, and |
4 | associated free software distribution, for the [[https://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu.html][GNU system]]. In addition | |
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5 | to standard package management features, Guix supports transactional |
6 | upgrades and roll-backs, unprivileged package management, per-user | |
7 | profiles, and garbage collection. | |
b7a7f598 | 8 | |
e8d8ecde | 9 | It provides [[https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/][Guile]] Scheme APIs, including a high-level embedded |
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10 | domain-specific languages (EDSLs) to describe how packages are to be |
11 | built and composed. | |
b7a7f598 | 12 | |
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13 | A user-land free software distribution for GNU/Linux comes as part of |
14 | Guix. | |
15 | ||
e8d8ecde | 16 | Guix is based on the [[https://nixos.org/nix/][Nix]] package manager. |
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17 | |
18 | ||
e9f6d6dd | 19 | * Requirements |
4255d4e3 | 20 | |
a65e3306 | 21 | GNU Guix currently depends on the following packages: |
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1d84d7bf | 23 | - [[https://gnu.org/software/guile/][GNU Guile 2.2.x or 2.0.x]], version 2.0.13 or later |
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24 | - [[https://gnupg.org/][GNU libgcrypt]] |
25 | - [[https://www.gnu.org/software/make/][GNU Make]] | |
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26 | - [[https://www.gnutls.org][GnuTLS]] compiled with guile support enabled |
27 | - [[https://notabug.org/civodul/guile-sqlite3][Guile-SQLite3]] | |
397cd9cc | 28 | - [[https://gitlab.com/guile-git/guile-git][Guile-Git]] |
06e3a518 | 29 | - [[http://www.zlib.net/][zlib]] |
e8d8ecde | 30 | - optionally [[https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/guile-json/][Guile-JSON]], for the 'guix import pypi' command |
4255d4e3 | 31 | |
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32 | Unless `--disable-daemon' was passed, the following packages are needed: |
33 | ||
e8d8ecde | 34 | - [[https://sqlite.org/][SQLite 3]] |
e8d8ecde | 35 | - [[https://gcc.gnu.org][GCC's g++]] |
06e3a518 | 36 | - optionally [[http://www.bzip.org][libbz2]] |
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37 | |
38 | When `--disable-daemon' was passed, you instead need the following: | |
39 | ||
e8d8ecde | 40 | - [[https://nixos.org/nix/][Nix]] |
e9f6d6dd | 41 | |
8b2d9e5d | 42 | * Installation |
4255d4e3 | 43 | |
8b2d9e5d | 44 | See the manual for the installation instructions, either by running |
4255d4e3 | 45 | |
8efc35a8 | 46 | info -f doc/guix.info "Installation" |
7da7ae93 | 47 | |
e8d8ecde | 48 | or by checking the [[https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/guix.html#Installation][web copy of the manual]]. |
7da7ae93 | 49 | |
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50 | For information on installation from a Git checkout, please see the section |
51 | "Building from Git" in the manual. | |
7da7ae93 | 52 | |
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53 | * Installing Guix from Guix |
54 | ||
55 | You can re-build and re-install Guix using a system that already runs Guix. | |
56 | To do so: | |
57 | ||
230fda86 | 58 | - Start a shell with the development environment for Guix: |
8db351e3 | 59 | |
230fda86 | 60 | guix environment guix |
d4c74860 | 61 | |
fa747b27 | 62 | - Re-run the 'configure' script passing it the option |
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63 | '--localstatedir=/somewhere', where '/somewhere' is the 'localstatedir' |
64 | value of the currently installed Guix (failing to do that would lead the | |
65 | new Guix to consider the store to be empty!). | |
d4c74860 | 66 | |
fa747b27 | 67 | - Run "make", "make check", and "make install". |
43d8f490 | 68 | |
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69 | * How It Works |
70 | ||
71 | Guix does the high-level preparation of a /derivation/. A derivation is | |
72 | the promise of a build; it is stored as a text file under | |
d17ef356 | 73 | =/gnu/store/xxx.drv=. The (guix derivations) module provides the |
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74 | `derivation' primitive, as well as higher-level wrappers such as |
75 | `build-expression->derivation'. | |
76 | ||
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77 | Guix does remote procedure calls (RPCs) to the Guix or Nix daemon (the |
78 | =guix-daemon= or =nix-daemon= command), which in turn performs builds | |
79 | and accesses to the Nix store on its behalf. The RPCs are implemented | |
80 | in the (guix store) module. | |
81 | ||
82 | * Installing Guix as non-root | |
83 | ||
84 | The Guix daemon allows software builds to be performed under alternate | |
85 | user accounts, which are normally created specifically for this | |
86 | purpose. For instance, you may have a pool of accounts in the | |
87 | =guixbuild= group, and then you can instruct =guix-daemon= to use them | |
88 | like this: | |
89 | ||
90 | $ guix-daemon --build-users-group=guixbuild | |
91 | ||
92 | However, unless it is run as root, =guix-daemon= cannot switch users. | |
93 | In that case, it falls back to using a setuid-root helper program call | |
94 | =nix-setuid-helper=. That program is not setuid-root by default when | |
95 | you install it; instead you should run a command along these lines | |
96 | (assuming Guix is installed under /usr/local): | |
97 | ||
98 | # chown root.root /usr/local/libexec/nix-setuid-helper | |
99 | # chmod 4755 /usr/local/libexec/nix-setuid-helper | |
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100 | |
101 | * Contact | |
102 | ||
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103 | GNU Guix is hosted at https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/guix/. |
104 | ||
105 | Please email <bug-guix@gnu.org> for bug reports or questions regarding | |
106 | Guix and its distribution; email <gnu-system-discuss@gnu.org> for | |
107 | general issues regarding the GNU system. | |
108 | ||
109 | Join #guix on irc.freenode.net. | |
110 | ||
111 | * Guix & Nix | |
112 | ||
e8d8ecde | 113 | GNU Guix is based on [[https://nixos.org/nix/][the Nix package manager]]. It implements the same |
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114 | package deployment paradigm, and in fact it reuses some of its code. |
115 | Yet, different engineering decisions were made for Guix, as described | |
116 | below. | |
117 | ||
118 | Nix is really two things: a package build tool, implemented by a library | |
119 | and daemon, and a special-purpose programming language. GNU Guix relies | |
120 | on the former, but uses Scheme as a replacement for the latter. | |
121 | ||
122 | Using Scheme instead of a specific language allows us to get all the | |
123 | features and tooling that come with Guile (compiler, debugger, REPL, | |
124 | Unicode, libraries, etc.) And it means that we have a general-purpose | |
125 | language, on top of which we can have embedded domain-specific languages | |
126 | (EDSLs), such as the one used to define packages. This broadens what | |
127 | can be done in package recipes themselves, and what can be done around them. | |
128 | ||
129 | Technically, Guix makes remote procedure calls to the ‘nix-worker’ | |
130 | daemon to perform operations on the store. At the lowest level, Nix | |
131 | “derivations” represent promises of a build, stored in ‘.drv’ files in | |
132 | the store. Guix produces such derivations, which are then interpreted | |
133 | by the daemon to perform the build. Thus, Guix derivations can use | |
134 | derivations produced by Nix (and vice versa). | |
135 | ||
e8d8ecde | 136 | With Nix and the [[https://nixos.org/nixpkgs][Nixpkgs]] distribution, package composition happens at |
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137 | the Nix language level, but builders are usually written in Bash. |
138 | Conversely, Guix encourages the use of Scheme for both package | |
139 | composition and builders. Likewise, the core functionality of Nix is | |
140 | written in C++ and Perl; Guix relies on some of the original C++ code, | |
141 | but exposes all the API as Scheme. | |
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142 | |
143 | * Related software | |
144 | ||
e8d8ecde | 145 | - [[https://nixos.org][Nix, Nixpkgs, and NixOS]], functional package manager and associated |
d38487e9 | 146 | software distribution, are the inspiration of Guix |
e8d8ecde | 147 | - [[https://www.gnu.org/software/stow/][GNU Stow]] builds around the idea of one directory per prefix, and a |
d38487e9 | 148 | symlink tree to create user environments |
e8d8ecde | 149 | - [[https://www.pvv.ntnu.no/~arnej/store/storedoc_6.html][STORE]] shares the same idea |
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150 | - [[https://live.gnome.org/OSTree/][GNOME's OSTree]] allows bootable system images to be built from a |
151 | specified set of packages | |
e8d8ecde | 152 | - The [[https://www.gnu.org/s/gsrc/][GNU Source Release Collection]] (GSRC) is a user-land software |
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153 | distribution; unlike Guix, it relies on core tools available on the |
154 | host system |