@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 1999-2011
+@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 1999-2012
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Frames, International, Windows, Top
@chapter Frames and Graphical Displays
@cindex frames
- When using a graphical display, you can create multiple system-level
-``windows'' in a single Emacs session. We refer to these system-level
-windows as @dfn{frames}. A frame initially contains a single Emacs
-window; however, you can subdivide this Emacs window into smaller
-windows, all fitting into the same frame. Each frame normally
-contains its own echo area and minibuffer.
-
- To avoid confusion, we reserve the word ``window'' for the
-subdivisions that Emacs implements, and never use it to refer to a
-frame.
-
- Any editing you do in one frame affects the other frames. For
-instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank
-it in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one
-frame, it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use
+ When Emacs is started on a graphical display, e.g.@: on the X Window
+System, it occupies a graphical system-level ``window''. In this
+manual, we call this a @dfn{frame}, reserving the word ``window'' for
+the part of the frame used for displaying a buffer. A frame initially
+contains one window, but it can be subdivided into multiple windows
+(@pxref{Windows}). A frame normally also contains a menu bar, tool
+bar, and echo area.
+
+ You can also create additional frames (@pxref{Creating Frames}).
+All frames created in the same Emacs session have access to the same
+underlying buffers and other data. For instance, if a buffer is being
+shown in more than one frame, any changes made to it in one frame show
+up immediately in the other frames too.
+
+ Typing @kbd{C-x C-c} closes all the frames on the current display,
+and ends the Emacs session if it has no frames open on any other
+displays (@pxref{Exiting}). To close just the selected frame, type
@kbd{C-x 5 0} (that is zero, not @kbd{o}).
- Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some windowing functionality,
-so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter.
+ This chapter describes Emacs features specific to graphical displays
+(particularly mouse commands), and features for managing multiple
+frames. On text terminals, many of these features are unavailable.
+However, it is still possible to create multiple ``frames'' on text
+terminals; such frames are displayed one at a time, filling the entire
+terminal screen (@pxref{Non-Window Terminals}). It is also possible
+to use the mouse on some text terminals (@pxref{Text-Only Mouse}, for
+doing so on GNU and Unix systems; and
@iftex
-@xref{MS-DOS Mouse,,,emacs-xtra,Specialized Emacs Features}.
+@pxref{MS-DOS Mouse,,,emacs-xtra,Specialized Emacs Features},
@end iftex
@ifnottex
-@xref{MS-DOS Mouse}.
+@pxref{MS-DOS Mouse},
@end ifnottex
+for doing so on MS-DOS).
@menu
* Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
* Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
* Fonts:: Changing the frame font.
* Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
-* Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
-* Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames.
+* Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs instance can talk to several displays.
* Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
* Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
-* Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling.
* Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text.
* Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
* Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
* Tooltips:: Displaying information at the current mouse position.
* Mouse Avoidance:: Preventing the mouse pointer from obscuring text.
* Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
-* Text-Only Mouse:: Using the mouse in text-only terminals.
+* Text-Only Mouse:: Using the mouse in text terminals.
@end menu
@node Mouse Commands
@findex mouse-set-point
The most basic mouse command is @code{mouse-set-point}, which is
-called by clicking with the left mouse button, @kbd{Mouse-1}, in the
+invoked by clicking with the left mouse button, @kbd{Mouse-1}, in the
text area of a window. This moves point to the position where you
-clicked.
+clicked. If that window was not the selected window, it becomes the
+selected window.
@vindex x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position
- Normally, Emacs does not distinguish between ordinary mouse clicks
-and clicks that select a frame. When you click on a frame to select
-it, that also changes the selected window and cursor position
-according to the mouse click position. On the X Window System, you
-can change this behavior by setting the variable
-@code{x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position} to @code{t}. Then the
-first click selects the frame, but does not affect the selected window
-or cursor position. If you click again in the same place, that click
-will be in the selected frame, so it will change the window or cursor
-position.
+ Normally, if the frame you clicked in was not the selected frame, it
+is made the selected frame, in addition to selecting the window and
+setting the cursor. On the X Window System, you can change this by
+setting the variable @code{x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position} to
+@code{t}. In that case, the initial click on an unselected frame just
+selects the frame, without doing anything else; clicking again selects
+the window and sets the cursor position.
@findex mouse-set-region
-@vindex mouse-drag-copy-region
Holding down @kbd{Mouse-1} and ``dragging'' the mouse over a stretch
of text activates the region around that text
-(@code{mouse-set-region}). @xref{Mark}. Emacs places the mark where
-you started holding down the mouse button, and point where you release
-it. In addition, the region is copied into the kill ring (@pxref{Kill
-Ring}). If you don't want Emacs to copy the region, change the
-variable @code{mouse-drag-copy-region} to @code{nil}.
+(@code{mouse-set-region}), placing the mark where you started holding
+down the mouse button, and point where you release it (@pxref{Mark}).
+In addition, the text in the region becomes the primary selection
+(@pxref{Primary Selection}).
+
+@vindex mouse-drag-copy-region
+ If you change the variable @code{mouse-drag-copy-region} to a
+non-@code{nil} value, dragging the mouse over a stretch of text also
+adds the text to the kill ring. The default is @code{nil}.
@vindex mouse-scroll-min-lines
If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while
Clicking with the middle mouse button, @kbd{Mouse-2}, moves point to
the position where you clicked and inserts the contents of the primary
selection (@code{mouse-yank-primary}). @xref{Primary Selection}.
-This behavior is consistent with other X applications; alternatively,
+This behavior is consistent with other X applications. Alternatively,
you can rebind @kbd{Mouse-2} to @code{mouse-yank-at-click}, which
performs a yank at point.
@item
If no region is active, clicking @kbd{Mouse-3} activates the region,
placing the mark where point was and point at the clicked position.
-In addition, the text in the region is copied to the kill ring.
@item
If a region is active, clicking @kbd{Mouse-3} adjusts the nearer end
@item
If you originally specified the region using a double or triple
@kbd{Mouse-1}, so that the region is defined to consist of entire
-words or lines, then adjusting the region with @kbd{Mouse-3} also
-proceeds by entire words or lines.
+words or lines (@pxref{Word and Line Mouse}), then adjusting the
+region with @kbd{Mouse-3} also proceeds by entire words or lines.
@item
If you use @kbd{Mouse-3} a second time consecutively, at the same
can copy it elsewhere by yanking it.
@end itemize
+ The @code{mouse-save-then-kill} command also obeys the variable
+@code{mouse-drag-copy-region} (described above). If the value is
+non-@code{nil}, then whenever the command sets or adjusts the active
+region, the text in the region is also added to the kill ring. If the
+latest kill ring entry had been added the same way, that entry is
+replaced rather than making a new entry.
+
Whenever you set the region using any of the mouse commands
described above, the mark will be deactivated by any subsequent
unshifted cursor motion command, in addition to the usual ways of
-deactivating the mark. @xref{Shift Selection}. While the region
-remains active, typing @key{Backspace} or @key{Delete} deletes the
-text in that region and deactivates the mark; this behavior follows a
-convention established by other graphical programs, and it does
-@emph{not} apply when you set the region any other way, including
-shift-selection (@pxref{Shift Selection}).
-
-@cindex Delete Selection mode
-@cindex mode, Delete Selection
-@findex delete-selection-mode
- Many graphical applications also follow the convention that
-insertion while text is selected deletes the selected text. You can
-make Emacs behave this way by enabling Delete Selection mode.
-@xref{Using Region}.
+deactivating the mark. @xref{Shift Selection}.
+
+@cindex mouse wheel
+@findex mouse-wheel-mode
+@cindex Mouse Wheel minor mode
+@cindex mode, Mouse Wheel
+@vindex mouse-wheel-follow-mouse
+@vindex mouse-wheel-scroll-amount
+@vindex mouse-wheel-progressive-speed
+ Some mice have a ``wheel'' which can be used for scrolling. Emacs
+supports scrolling windows with the mouse wheel, by default, on most
+graphical displays. To toggle this feature, use @kbd{M-x
+mouse-wheel-mode}. The variables @code{mouse-wheel-follow-mouse} and
+@code{mouse-wheel-scroll-amount} determine where and by how much
+buffers are scrolled. The variable
+@code{mouse-wheel-progressive-speed} determines whether the scroll
+speed is linked to how fast you move the wheel.
@node Word and Line Mouse
@section Mouse Commands for Words and Lines
Double-clicking on a character with open- or close-parenthesis syntax
selects the parenthetical grouping which that character starts or
ends. Double-clicking on a character with string-delimiter syntax
-(such as a singlequote or doublequote in C) selects the string
+(such as a single-quote or double-quote in C) selects the string
constant (Emacs uses heuristics to figure out whether that character
is the beginning or the end of it).
@section Following References with the Mouse
@kindex Mouse-1 @r{(selection)}
@kindex Mouse-2 @r{(selection)}
+@cindex hyperlinks
+@cindex links
+@cindex text buttons
+@cindex buttons
@vindex mouse-highlight
- Some Emacs buffers include @dfn{buttons}. A button is a piece of
-text that performs some action when you activate it, such as following
-a reference. Usually, a button's text is visually highlighted: it is
-underlined, or a box is drawn around it. If you move the mouse over a
-button, the shape of the mouse cursor changes and the button lights up
-(if you change the variable @code{mouse-highlight} to @code{nil},
-Emacs disables this highlighting).
+ Some Emacs buffers include @dfn{buttons}, or @dfn{hyperlinks}:
+pieces of text that perform some action (e.g.@: following a reference)
+when activated (e.g.@: by clicking on them). Usually, a button's text
+is visually highlighted: it is underlined, or a box is drawn around
+it. If you move the mouse over a button, the shape of the mouse
+cursor changes and the button lights up. If you change the variable
+@code{mouse-highlight} to @code{nil}, Emacs disables this
+highlighting.
You can activate a button by moving point to it and typing
@key{RET}, or by clicking either @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2} on the
-button. For example, typing @key{RET} or clicking on a file name in a
-Dired buffer visits that file (@pxref{Dired}). Doing it on an error
-message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer goes to the source code for
-that error message (@pxref{Compilation}). Doing it on a completion in
-the @samp{*Completions*} buffer chooses that completion
-(@pxref{Completion}).
-
- Although clicking @kbd{Mouse-1} on a button usually activates that
-button, if you hold the mouse button down for a short period of time
-before releasing it (specifically, for more than 450 milliseconds),
-then Emacs moves point where you clicked instead. This behavior
-allows you to use the mouse to move point over a button without
-following it. Dragging---moving the mouse while it is held down---has
-its usual behavior of setting the region, even if you drag from or
-onto a button.
+button. For example, in a Dired buffer, each file name is a button;
+activating it causes Emacs to visit that file (@pxref{Dired}). In a
+@file{*Compilation*} buffer, each error message is a button, and
+activating it visits the source code for that error
+(@pxref{Compilation}).
+
+ Although clicking @kbd{Mouse-1} on a button usually activates the
+button, if you hold the mouse button down for a period of time before
+releasing it (specifically, for more than 450 milliseconds), then
+Emacs moves point where you clicked, without activating the button.
+In this way, you can use the mouse to move point over a button without
+activating it. Dragging the mouse over or onto a button has its usual
+behavior of setting the region, and does not activate the button.
+
+ You can change how @kbd{Mouse-1} applies to buttons by customizing
+the variable @code{mouse-1-click-follows-link}. If the value is a
+positive integer, that determines how long you need to hold the mouse
+button down for, in milliseconds, to cancel button activation; the
+default is 450, as described in the previous paragraph. If the value
+is @code{nil}, @kbd{Mouse-1} just sets point where you clicked, and
+does not activate buttons. If the value is @code{double}, double
+clicks activate buttons but single clicks just set point.
@vindex mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows
- Normally, clicking @kbd{Mouse-1} on a button activates the button
-even if it is in a nonselected window. If you change the variable
-@code{mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows} to @code{nil}, clicking
-@kbd{Mouse-1} on a button in an un-selected window moves point to the
+ Normally, @kbd{Mouse-1} on a button activates the button even if it
+is in a non-selected window. If you change the variable
+@code{mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows} to @code{nil},
+@kbd{Mouse-1} on a button in an unselected window moves point to the
clicked position and selects that window, without activating the
button.
-@vindex mouse-1-click-follows-link
- In Emacs versions before 22, only @kbd{Mouse-2} activates buttons
-and @kbd{Mouse-1} always sets point. If you prefer this older
-behavior, set the variable @code{mouse-1-click-follows-link} to
-@code{nil}. This variable also lets you choose various other
-alternatives for following links with the mouse. Type @kbd{C-h v
-mouse-1-click-follows-link @key{RET}} for more details.
-
@node Menu Mouse Clicks
@section Mouse Clicks for Menus
@item C-Mouse-2
@kindex C-Mouse-2
-This menu is for specifying faces and other text properties
-for editing formatted text. @xref{Formatted Text}.
+This menu contains entries for examining faces and other text
+properties, and well as for setting them (the latter is mainly useful
+when editing enriched text; @pxref{Enriched Text}).
@item C-Mouse-3
@kindex C-Mouse-3
This menu is mode-specific. For most modes if Menu-bar mode is on,
this menu has the same items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus
put together. Some modes may specify a different menu for this
-button.@footnote{Some systems use @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific
-menu. We took a survey of users, and found they preferred to keep
-@kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing regions. Hence the decision
-to use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu. To use @kbd{Mouse-3} instead,
-do @code{(global-set-key [mouse-3] 'mouse-popup-menubar-stuff)}.} If
-Menu-bar mode is off, this menu contains all the items which would be
-present in the menu bar---not just the mode-specific ones---so that
-you can access them without having to display the menu bar.
+button. If Menu Bar mode is off, this menu contains all the items
+which would be present in the menu bar---not just the mode-specific
+ones---so that you can access them without having to display the menu
+bar.
@item S-Mouse-1
This menu is for changing the default face within the window's buffer.
@xref{Text Scale}.
@end table
+ Some graphical applications use @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific
+menu. If you prefer @kbd{Mouse-3} in Emacs to bring up such a menu
+instead of running the @code{mouse-save-then-kill} command, rebind
+@kbd{Mouse-3} by adding the following line to your init file
+(@pxref{Init Rebinding}):
+
+@smallexample
+(global-set-key [mouse-3] 'mouse-popup-menubar-stuff)
+@end smallexample
+
@node Mode Line Mouse
@section Mode Line Mouse Commands
@cindex mode line, mouse
@item Mouse-3
@kindex Mouse-3 @r{(mode line)}
@kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window it belongs to. If the
-frame has only one window, it buries the current buffer instead, and
-switches to another buffer.
+frame has only one window, it does nothing.
@item C-Mouse-2
@kindex C-mouse-2 @r{(mode line)}
-@kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits the window above
-horizontally, above the place in the mode line where you click.
+@kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits that window, producing two
+side-by-side windows with the boundary running through the click
+position (@pxref{Split Window}).
@end table
-@kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)}
@kindex Mouse-1 @r{(scroll bar)}
- Using @kbd{Mouse-1} on the divider between two side-by-side mode
-lines, you can move the vertical boundary left or right. Using
-@kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window
-vertically. @xref{Split Window}.
+ Furthermore, by clicking and dragging @kbd{Mouse-1} on the divider
+between two side-by-side mode lines, you can move the vertical
+boundary to the left or right.
@node Creating Frames
@section Creating Frames
@cindex creating frames
@kindex C-x 5
- The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}, with
-parallel subcommands. The difference is that @kbd{C-x 5} commands
-create a new frame rather than just a new window in the selected frame
-(@pxref{Pop Up Window}). If an existing visible or iconified
-(``minimized'') frame already displays the requested material, these
-commands use the existing frame, after raising or deiconifying
-(``un-minimizing'') as necessary.
+ The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}. Whereas
+each @kbd{C-x 4} command pops up a buffer in a different window in the
+selected frame (@pxref{Pop Up Window}), the @kbd{C-x 5} commands use a
+different frame. If an existing visible or iconified (``minimized'')
+frame already displays the requested buffer, that frame is raised and
+deiconified (``un-minimized''); otherwise, a new frame is created on
+the current display terminal.
The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the
buffer to select:
@xref{Visiting}.
@end table
-@cindex default-frame-alist
-@cindex initial-frame-alist
-@cindex face customization, in init file
-@cindex color customization, in init file
- You can control the appearance of new frames you create by setting the
-frame parameters in @code{default-frame-alist}. You can use the
-variable @code{initial-frame-alist} to specify parameters that affect
-only the initial frame. @xref{Initial Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs
-Lisp Reference Manual}, for more information.
-
-@cindex font (default)
- Here is an example of using @code{default-frame-alist} to specify
-the default foreground color and font:
-
-@example
-(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "10x20"))
-(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist
- '(foreground-color . "blue"))
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-By putting such customizations in your init file, you can control the
-appearance of all the frames Emacs creates, including the initial one
-(@pxref{Init File}). @xref{Fonts}, for other ways to set the default
-font.
+ You can control the appearance and behavior of the newly-created
+frames by specifying @dfn{frame parameters}. @xref{Frame Parameters}.
@node Frame Commands
@section Frame Commands
- The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames:
+ The following commands are used to delete and operate on frames:
@table @kbd
+@item C-x 5 0
+@kindex C-x 5 0
+@findex delete-frame
+Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This signals an
+error if there is only one frame.
+
@item C-z
@kindex C-z @r{(X windows)}
@findex suspend-frame
Minimize (or ``iconify) the selected Emacs frame
(@code{suspend-frame}). @xref{Exiting}.
-@item C-x 5 0
-@kindex C-x 5 0
-@findex delete-frame
-Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed
-if there is only one frame.
-
@item C-x 5 o
@kindex C-x 5 o
@findex other-frame
-Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it. If you
-repeat this command, it cycles through all the frames on your
-terminal.
+Select another frame, and raise it. If you repeat this command, it
+cycles through all the frames on your terminal.
@item C-x 5 1
@kindex C-x 5 1
Delete all frames on the current terminal, except the selected one.
@end table
- The @kbd{C-x 5 0} (@code{delete-frame}) command never deletes the
-last frame. This prevents you from losing the ability to interact
-with the Emacs process. Note that when Emacs is run as a daemon
-(@pxref{Emacs Server}), there is always a ``virtual frame'' that
-remains after all the ordinary, interactive frames are deleted. In
-this case, @kbd{C-x 5 0} can delete the last interactive frame; you
-can use @command{emacsclient} to reconnect to the Emacs session.
-
- The @kbd{C-x 5 1} (@code{delete-other-frames}) command only deletes
-frames on the current terminal. For example, if you call it from an X
-frame, it deletes the other frames on that X display; if the Emacs
-process has frames open on other X displays or text terminals, those
-are not deleted.
+ The @kbd{C-x 5 0} (@code{delete-frame}) command deletes the selected
+frame. However, it will refuse to delete the last frame in an Emacs
+session, to prevent you from losing the ability to interact with the
+Emacs session. Note that when Emacs is run as a daemon (@pxref{Emacs
+Server}), there is always a ``virtual frame'' that remains after all
+the ordinary, interactive frames are deleted. In this case, @kbd{C-x
+5 0} can delete the last interactive frame; you can use
+@command{emacsclient} to reconnect to the Emacs session.
+
+ The @kbd{C-x 5 1} (@code{delete-other-frames}) command deletes all
+other frames on the current terminal (this terminal refers to either a
+graphical display, or a text terminal; @pxref{Non-Window Terminals}).
+If the Emacs session has frames open on other graphical displays or
+text terminals, those are not deleted.
@vindex focus-follows-mouse
- On X, you may have to tell Emacs how the window manager handles
-focus-switching between windows, in order for @kbd{C-x 5 o}
-(@code{other-frame}) to work properly. Unfortunately, there is no way
-for Emacs to detect this automatically, so you should set the variable
-@code{focus-follows-mouse}. The default is @code{nil}, meaning you
-have to click on the window to select it (the default for most modern
-window managers). You should change it to @code{t} if your window
-manager selects a window and gives it focus anytime you move the mouse
-onto the window.
-
- The window manager that is part of MS-Windows always gives focus to
-a frame that raises, so this variable has no effect in the native
-MS-Windows build of Emacs. However, you may still wish to set this
-variable to @code{t} to have Emacs automatically move the mouse
-pointer to the raised frame.
+ The @kbd{C-x 5 o} (@code{other-frame}) command selects the next
+frame on the current terminal. If you are using Emacs on the X Window
+System with a window manager that selects (or @dfn{gives focus to})
+whatever frame the mouse cursor is over, you have to change the
+variable @code{focus-follows-mouse} to @code{t} in order for this
+command to work properly. Then invoking @kbd{C-x 5 o} will also warp
+the mouse cursor to the chosen frame.
@node Fonts
@section Fonts
@cindex fonts
- By default, Emacs displays text in X using a 12-point monospace
-font. There are several different ways to specify a different font:
+ By default, Emacs displays text on graphical displays using a
+12-point monospace font. There are several different ways to specify
+a different font:
@itemize
@item
parameter (@pxref{Creating Frames}), like this:
@smallexample
-(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "DejaVu Sans Mono-12"))
+(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "DejaVu Sans Mono-10"))
@end smallexample
@cindex X defaults file
If you are running Emacs on the GNOME desktop, you can tell Emacs to
use the default system font by setting the variable
@code{font-use-system-font} to @code{t} (the default is @code{nil}).
-For this to work, Emacs must be compiled with Gconf support; this is
-done automatically if the libraries are present at compile time.
+For this to work, Emacs must have been compiled with Gconf support.
@item
Use the command line option @samp{-fn} (or @samp{--font}). @xref{Font
X}.
@end itemize
-To check what font you're currently using, the @kbd{C-u C-x =}
-command can be helpful. It'll describe the character under point, and
-also say what font it's rendered in, if the window system you're
-running under supports that.
+ To check what font you're currently using, the @kbd{C-u C-x =}
+command can be helpful. It describes the character at point, and
+names the font that it's rendered in.
@cindex fontconfig
On X, there are four different ways to express a ``font name''. The
@noindent
Within this format, any of the elements in braces may be omitted.
Here, @var{fontname} is the @dfn{family name} of the font, such as
-@samp{Monospace} or @samp{DejaVu Serif}; @var{fontsize} is the
+@samp{Monospace} or @samp{DejaVu Sans Mono}; @var{fontsize} is the
@dfn{point size} of the font (one @dfn{printer's point} is about 1/72
of an inch); and the @samp{@var{name}=@var{values}} entries specify
settings such as the slant and weight of the font. Each @var{values}
@table @samp
@item slant
-One of @samp{italic}, @samp{oblique} or @samp{roman}.
+One of @samp{italic}, @samp{oblique}, or @samp{roman}.
@item weight
One of @samp{light}, @samp{medium}, @samp{demibold}, @samp{bold} or
Fontconfig manual, which is distributed with Fontconfig and available
online at @url{http://fontconfig.org/fontconfig-user.html}.
- The second way to specify a font is to use a @dfn{GTK font
-description}. These have the syntax
+@cindex GTK font pattern
+ The second way to specify a font is to use a @dfn{GTK font pattern}.
+These have the syntax
@smallexample
@var{fontname} [@var{properties}] [@var{fontsize}]
@noindent
where @var{fontname} is the family name, @var{properties} is a list of
property values separated by spaces, and @var{fontsize} is the point
-size. The properties that you may specify are as follows:
+size. The properties that you may specify for GTK font patterns are
+as follows:
-@table @samp
-@item style
-One of @samp{roman}, @samp{italic} or @samp{oblique}. If omitted, the
-@samp{roman} style is used.
-@item weight
-One of @samp{medium}, @samp{ultra-light}, @samp{light},
-@samp{semi-bold}, or @samp{bold}. If omitted, @samp{medium} weight is
-used.
-@end table
+@itemize
+@item
+Slant properties: @samp{Italic} or @samp{Oblique}. If omitted, the
+default (roman) slant is implied.
+@item
+Weight properties: @samp{Bold}, @samp{Book}, @samp{Light},
+@samp{Medium}, @samp{Semi-bold}, or @samp{Ultra-light}. If omitted,
+@samp{Medium} weight is implied.
+@item
+Width properties: @samp{Semi-Condensed} or @samp{Condensed}. If
+omitted, a default width is used.
+@end itemize
@noindent
-Here are some examples of GTK font descriptions:
+Here are some examples of GTK font patterns:
@smallexample
Monospace 12
@item maker
The name of the font manufacturer.
@item family
-The name of the font family (e.g. @samp{courier}).
+The name of the font family (e.g.@: @samp{courier}).
@item weight
The font weight---normally either @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or
@samp{light}. Some font names support other values.
Some font names support other values.
@item widthtype
The font width---normally @samp{normal}, @samp{condensed},
-@samp{extended}, or @samp{semicondensed} (some font names support
-other values).
+@samp{semicondensed}, or @samp{extended}. Some font names support
+other values.
@item style
-An optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most long
-font names have two hyphens in a row at this point.
+An optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most XLFDs
+have two hyphens in a row at this point.
@item pixels
The font height, in pixels.
@item height
frame. The commands you enter with a particular X server apply to
that server's selected frame.
- It is even possible to use this feature to let two or more users
-type simultaneously on the two displays, within the same Emacs job.
-In practice, however, the different users can easily interfere with
-each others' edits if they are not careful.
-
-@node Special Buffer Frames
-@section Special Buffer Frames
-
-@vindex special-display-buffer-names
- You can make certain chosen buffers, which Emacs normally displays
-in ``some other window'' (@pxref{Displaying Buffers}), appear in
-special frames of their own. To do this, set the variable
-@code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list of buffer names; any
-buffer whose name is in that list automatically gets a special frame.
-@xref{Window Choice}, for how this fits in with the other ways for
-Emacs to choose a window to display in.
-
- For example, if you set the variable this way,
+@node Frame Parameters
+@section Frame Parameters
+@cindex default-frame-alist
-@example
-(setq special-display-buffer-names
- '("*Completions*" "*grep*" "*tex-shell*"))
-@end example
+ You can control the default appearance and behavior of all frames by
+specifying a default list of @dfn{frame parameters} in the variable
+@code{default-frame-alist}. Its value should be a list of entries,
+each specifying a parameter name and a value for that parameter.
+These entries take effect whenever Emacs creates a new frame,
+including the initial frame.
-@noindent
-then completion lists, @code{grep} output and the @TeX{} mode shell
-buffer get individual frames of their own. These frames, and the
-windows in them, are never automatically split or reused for any other
-buffers. They continue to show the buffers they were created for,
-unless you alter them by hand. Killing the special buffer deletes its
-frame automatically.
-
-@vindex special-display-regexps
- More generally, you can set @code{special-display-regexps} to a list
-of regular expressions; then a buffer gets its own frame if its name
-matches any of those regular expressions. (Once again, this applies only
-to buffers that normally get displayed for you in ``another window.'')
-
-@vindex special-display-frame-alist
- The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame
-parameters for these frames. It has a default value, so you don't need
-to set it.
-
- For those who know Lisp, an element of
-@code{special-display-buffer-names} or @code{special-display-regexps}
-can also be a list. Then the first element is the buffer name or
-regular expression; the rest of the list specifies how to create the
-frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter
-values; these values take precedence over parameter values specified
-in @code{special-display-frame-alist}. If you specify the symbol
-@code{same-window} as a ``frame parameter'' in this list, with a
-non-@code{nil} value, that means to use the selected window if
-possible. If you use the symbol @code{same-frame} as a ``frame
-parameter'' in this list, with a non-@code{nil} value, that means to
-use the selected frame if possible.
-
- Alternatively, the value can have this form:
+@cindex frame size, specifying default
+ For example, you can add the following lines to your init file
+(@pxref{Init File}) to set the default frame width to 90 character
+columns, the default frame height to 40 character rows, and the
+default font to @samp{Monospace-10}:
@example
-(@var{function} @var{args}...)
+(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(width . 90))
+(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(height . 40))
+(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "Monospace-10"))
@end example
-@noindent
-where @var{function} is a symbol. Then the frame is constructed by
-calling @var{function}; its first argument is the buffer, and its
-remaining arguments are @var{args}.
-
-@node Frame Parameters
-@section Setting Frame Parameters
-@cindex Auto-Raise mode
-@cindex Auto-Lower mode
-
- These commands are available for controlling the window management
-behavior of the selected frame:
+ For a list of frame parameters and their effects, see @ref{Frame
+Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
-@table @kbd
-@findex auto-raise-mode
-@item M-x auto-raise-mode
-Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-raise. Auto-raise
-means that every time you move the mouse onto the frame, it raises the
-frame.
-
-Some window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable
-auto-raise for Emacs frames in your window manager, it will work, but
-it is beyond Emacs' control, so @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect
-on it.
-
-@findex auto-lower-mode
-@item M-x auto-lower-mode
-Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-lower.
-Auto-lower means that every time you move the mouse off the frame,
-the frame moves to the bottom of the stack on the screen.
-
-The command @code{auto-lower-mode} has no effect on auto-lower
-implemented by the window manager. To control that, you must use the
-appropriate window manager features.
-@end table
+@cindex initial-frame-alist
+ You can also specify a list of frame parameters which apply to just
+the initial frame, by customizing the variable
+@code{initial-frame-alist}.
- In Emacs versions that use an X toolkit, the color-setting and
-font-setting functions don't affect menus and the menu bar, since they
-are displayed by their own widget classes. To change the appearance of
-the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources}).
-@xref{Colors}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of
-font.
-
- Colors, fonts, and other attributes of the frame's display can also
-be customized by setting frame parameters in the variable
-@code{default-frame-alist} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). For a detailed
-description of frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame
-Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
+ If Emacs is compiled to use an X toolkit, frame parameters that
+specify colors and fonts don't affect menus and the menu bar, since
+those are drawn by the toolkit and not directly by Emacs.
@node Scroll Bars
@section Scroll Bars
the left), or @code{nil} (disable scroll bars). By default, Emacs
puts scroll bars on the right if it was compiled with GTK+ support on
the X Window System, and on MS-Windows or Mac OS; Emacs puts scroll
-bars on the left if compiled on the X Window system without GTK+
+bars on the left if compiled on the X Window System without GTK+
support (following the old convention for X applications).
@vindex scroll-bar-width
bar width, change the @code{scroll-bar-width} frame parameter
(@pxref{Frame Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}).
-@node Wheeled Mice
-@section Scrolling With ``Wheeled'' Mice
-
-@cindex mouse wheel
-@cindex wheel, mouse
-@findex mouse-wheel-mode
-@cindex Mouse Wheel minor mode
-@cindex mode, Mouse Wheel
- Some mice have a ``wheel'' instead of a third button. You can
-usually click the wheel to act as either @kbd{Mouse-2} or
-@kbd{Mouse-3}, depending on the setup. You can also use the wheel to
-scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands.
-Mouse wheel support only works if the system generates appropriate
-events; whenever possible, it is turned on by default. To toggle this
-feature, use @kbd{M-x mouse-wheel-mode}.
-
-@vindex mouse-wheel-follow-mouse
-@vindex mouse-wheel-scroll-amount
-@vindex mouse-wheel-progressive-speed
- The two variables @code{mouse-wheel-follow-mouse} and
-@code{mouse-wheel-scroll-amount} determine where and by how much
-buffers are scrolled. The variable
-@code{mouse-wheel-progressive-speed} determines whether the scroll
-speed is linked to how fast you move the wheel.
-
@node Drag and Drop
@section Drag and Drop
@cindex drag and drop
- Emacs supports @dfn{drag and drop} using the mouse. For instance,
-dropping text onto an Emacs frame inserts the text where it is dropped.
-Dropping a file onto an Emacs frame visits that file. As a special
-case, dropping the file on a Dired buffer moves or copies the file
-(according to the conventions of the application it came from) into the
-directory displayed in that buffer.
+ In most graphical desktop environments, Emacs has basic support for
+@dfn{drag and drop} operations. For instance, dropping text onto an
+Emacs frame inserts the text where it is dropped. Dropping a file
+onto an Emacs frame visits that file. As a special case, dropping the
+file on a Dired buffer moves or copies the file (according to the
+conventions of the application it came from) into the directory
+displayed in that buffer.
@vindex dnd-open-file-other-window
Dropping a file normally visits it in the window you drop it on. If
@findex menu-bar-mode
@vindex menu-bar-mode
- You can turn display of menu bars on or off with @kbd{M-x
-menu-bar-mode} or by customizing the variable @code{menu-bar-mode}.
-With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a
-minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the
-argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. You can use
-the X resource @samp{menuBar} to control the initial setting of
-Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources}.
+ You can toggle the use of menu bars with @kbd{M-x menu-bar-mode}.
+With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a global minor
+mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the
+argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. To control
+the use of menu bars at startup, customize the variable
+@code{menu-bar-mode}.
@kindex C-Mouse-3 @r{(when menu bar is disabled)}
- Expert users often turn off the menu bar, especially on text-only
+ Expert users often turn off the menu bar, especially on text
terminals, where this makes one additional line available for text.
If the menu bar is off, you can still pop up a menu of its contents
with @kbd{C-Mouse-3} on a display which supports pop-up menus.
help text to the GTK+ file chooser dialog; to disable this help text,
change the variable @code{x-gtk-file-dialog-help-text} to @code{nil}.
-@vindex x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog
- In GTK+ versions 2.4 through 2.10, you can choose to use an older
-version of the GTK+ file dialog by setting the variable
-@code{x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog} to a non-@code{nil} value. If Emacs
-is built with a GTK+ version that has only one file dialog, this
-variable has no effect.
-
@node Tooltips
@section Tooltips
@cindex tooltips
- @dfn{Tooltips} are small windows that display text information at the
-current mouse position. They activate when there is a pause in mouse
-movement. There are two types of tooltip: help tooltips and GUD
-tooltips.
-
- @dfn{Help tooltips} typically display over text---including the mode
-line---but are also available for other parts of the Emacs frame, such
-as the tool bar and menu items.
+ @dfn{Tooltips} are small windows that display text information at
+the current mouse position. They activate when there is a pause in
+mouse movement over some significant piece of text in a window, or the
+mode line, or some other part of the Emacs frame such as a tool bar
+button or menu item.
@findex tooltip-mode
- You can toggle display of help tooltips (Tooltip mode) with the
-command @kbd{M-x tooltip-mode}. When Tooltip mode is disabled, the
-help text is displayed in the echo area instead.
-
- @dfn{GUD tooltips} show values of variables. They are useful when
-you are debugging a program. @xref{Debugger Operation}.
+ You can toggle the use of tooltips with the command @kbd{M-x
+tooltip-mode}. When Tooltip mode is disabled, the help text is
+displayed in the echo area instead. To control the use of tooltips at
+startup, customize the variable @code{tooltip-mode}.
@vindex tooltip-delay
The variables @code{tooltip-delay} specifies how long Emacs should
wait before displaying a tooltip. For additional customization
options for displaying tooltips, use @kbd{M-x customize-group
-@key{RET} tooltip @key{RET}}. @xref{X Resources}, for information on
-customizing the windows that display tooltips.
+@key{RET} tooltip @key{RET}}.
@vindex x-gtk-use-system-tooltips
If Emacs is built with GTK+ support, it displays tooltips via GTK+,
using the default appearance of GTK+ tooltips. To disable this,
change the variable @code{x-gtk-use-system-tooltips} to @code{nil}.
-If you do this, or if Emacs is built without GTK+ support, the
-@code{tooltip} face specifies most attributes of the tooltip text.
+If you do this, or if Emacs is built without GTK+ support, most
+attributes of the tooltip text are specified by the @code{tooltip}
+face, and by X resources (@pxref{X Resources}).
+
+ @dfn{GUD tooltips} are special tooltips that show the values of
+variables when debugging a program with GUD. @xref{Debugger
+Operation}.
@node Mouse Avoidance
@section Mouse Avoidance
@node Non-Window Terminals
@section Non-Window Terminals
-@cindex text-only terminal
+@cindex text terminal
- On a text-only terminal, Emacs can display only one Emacs frame at a
+ On a text terminal, Emacs can display only one Emacs frame at a
time. However, you can still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch
between them. Switching frames on these terminals is much like
switching between different window configurations.
in the mode line when the frame is selected.
@node Text-Only Mouse
-@section Using a Mouse in Terminal Emulators
+@section Using a Mouse in Text Terminals
@cindex mouse support
@cindex terminal emulators, mouse support
-Some text-only terminals support mouse clicks in the terminal window.
+Some text terminals support mouse clicks in the terminal window.
@cindex xterm
-In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @code{xterm},
-you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to give Emacs control over
-simple use of the mouse---basically, only non-modified single clicks
-are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse functionality for such
+ In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @command{xterm}, you
+can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to give Emacs control over simple
+uses of the mouse---basically, only non-modified single clicks are
+supported. The normal @command{xterm} mouse functionality for such
clicks is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key when you
press the mouse button. Xterm Mouse mode is a global minor mode
(@pxref{Minor Modes}). Repeating the command turns the mode off
again.
@findex gpm-mouse-mode
-In the console on GNU/Linux, you can use @kbd{M-x gpm-mouse-mode} to
-enable terminal mouse support. You must have the gpm package
-installed and running on your system in order for this to work.
+ In the console on GNU/Linux, you can use @kbd{M-x gpm-mouse-mode} to
+enable mouse support. You must have the gpm server installed and
+running on your system in order for this to work.
+
+@iftex
+@pxref{MS-DOS Mouse,,,emacs-xtra,Specialized Emacs Features},
+@end iftex
+@ifnottex
+@pxref{MS-DOS Mouse},
+@end ifnottex
+for information about mouse support on MS-DOS.
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff