@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997, 2000, 2001
+@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Display, Search, Registers, Top
* Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
* Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer.
* Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
-* Trailing Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
* Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window.
* Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
+* Fringes:: Enabling or disabling window fringes.
+* Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
* Follow Mode:: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one.
* Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
* Optional Mode Line:: Optional mode line display features.
the font are ignored in this case.
@item trailing-whitespace
The face for highlighting trailing whitespace when
-@code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-nil; see @ref{Trailing Whitespace}.
+@code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-@code{nil}; see @ref{Useless
+Whitespace}.
@item variable-pitch
The basic variable-pitch face.
@end table
@cindex mode, Font Lock
@cindex syntax highlighting and coloring
- Font Lock mode is a minor mode, always local to a particular
-buffer, which highlights (or ``fontifies'') using various faces
-according to the syntax of the text you are editing. It can
-recognize comments and strings in most languages; in several
-languages, it can also recognize and properly highlight various other
-important constructs---for example, names of functions being defined
-or reserved keywords.
+ Font Lock mode is a minor mode, always local to a particular buffer,
+which highlights (or ``fontifies'') using various faces according to
+the syntax of the text you are editing. It can recognize comments and
+strings in most languages; in several languages, it can also recognize
+and properly highlight various other important constructs---for
+example, names of functions being defined or reserved keywords.
+Some special modes, such as Occur mode and Info mode, have completely
+specialized ways of assigning fonts for Font Lock mode.
@findex font-lock-mode
@findex turn-on-font-lock
@findex font-lock-remove-keywords
To remove keywords from the font-lock highlighting patterns, use the
-function @code{font-lock-remove-keywords}.
+function @code{font-lock-remove-keywords}. @xref{Search-based
+Fontification,,,elisp}, for documentation of the format of this list.
@cindex just-in-time (JIT) font-lock
@cindex background syntax highlighting
@code{hi-lock-exclude-modes}.
@end table
-@node Trailing Whitespace
-@section Trailing Whitespace
-
-@cindex trailing whitespace
-@cindex whitespace, trailing
-@vindex show-trailing-whitespace
- It is easy to leave unnecessary spaces at the end of a line without
-realizing it. In most cases, this @dfn{trailing whitespace} has no
-effect, but there are special circumstances where it matters.
-
- You can make trailing whitespace visible on the screen by setting the
-buffer-local variable @code{show-trailing-whitespace} to @code{t}. Then
-Emacs displays trailing whitespace in the face
-@code{trailing-whitespace}.
-
- Trailing whitespace is defined as spaces or tabs at the end of a
-line. But trailing whitespace is not displayed specially if point is
-at the end of the line containing the whitespace. (Doing that looks
-ugly while you are typing in new text, and the location of point is
-enough in that case to show you that the spaces are present.)
-
-@findex delete-trailing-whitespace
- To delete all trailing whitespace within the current buffer's
-restriction (@pxref{Narrowing}), type @kbd{M-x
-delete-trailing-whitespace @key{RET}}. (This command does not remove
-the form-feed characters.)
-
-@vindex indicate-empty-lines
-@vindex default-indicate-empty-lines
-@cindex empty lines
-@cindex fringes, and empty line indication
- Emacs can indicate empty lines at the end of the buffer with a
-special bitmap on the left fringe of the window. To enable this
-feature, set the buffer-local variable @code{indicate-empty-lines} to
-a non-@code{nil} value. The default value of this variable is
-controlled by the variable @code{default-indicate-empty-lines};
-by setting that variable, you can enable or disable this feature
-for all new buffers. (This feature currently doesn't work on
-character terminals.)
-
@node Scrolling
@section Scrolling
@cindex aggressive scrolling
@vindex scroll-up-aggressively
-@vindex scroll-down-aggressively
+@vindex scroll-down-aggressively
When the window does scroll by a longer distance, you can control
how aggressively it scrolls, by setting the variables
@code{scroll-up-aggressively} and @code{scroll-down-aggressively}.
to scroll the window, but never farther to the right than the amount
you previously set by @code{scroll-left}.
-@vindex automatic-hscroll-margin
- The value of the variable @code{automatic-hscroll-margin} controls
-how close to the window's edges point is allowed to get before the
-window will be automatically scrolled. It is measured in columns.
-If the value is 5, then moving point within 5 columns of the edge
-causes horizontal scrolling away from that edge.
-
-@vindex automatic-hscroll-step
- The variable @code{automatic-hscroll-step} determines how many
-columns to scroll the window when point gets too close to the edge.
-If it's zero, horizontal scrolling centers point horizontally within
-the window. If it's a positive integer, it specifies the number of
+@vindex hscroll-margin
+ The value of the variable @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close
+to the window's edges point is allowed to get before the window will
+be automatically scrolled. It is measured in columns. If the value
+is 5, then moving point within 5 columns of the edge causes horizontal
+scrolling away from that edge.
+
+@vindex hscroll-step
+ The variable @code{hscroll-step} determines how many columns to
+scroll the window when point gets too close to the edge. If it's
+zero, horizontal scrolling centers point horizontally within the
+window. If it's a positive integer, it specifies the number of
columns to scroll by. If it's a floating-point number, it specifies
the fraction of the window's width to scroll by. The default is zero.
-@vindex automatic-hscrolling
+@vindex auto-hscroll-mode
To disable automatic horizontal scrolling, set the variable
-@code{automatic-hscrolling} to @code{nil}.
+@code{auto-hscroll-mode} to @code{nil}.
+
+@node Fringes
+@section Window Fringes
+@cindex fringes
+
+ On a graphical display, each Emacs window normally has narrow
+@dfn{fringes} on the left and right edges. The fringes display
+indications about the text in the window.
+
+ The most common use of the fringes is to indicate a continuation
+line, when one line of text is split into multiple lines on the
+screen. The left fringe shows a curving arrow for each screen line
+except the first, indicating that ``this is not the real beginning.''
+The right fringe shows a curving arrow for each screen line except the
+last, indicating that ``this is not the real end.''
+
+ The fringes indicate line truncation with short horizontal arrows
+meaning ``there's more text on this line which is scrolled
+horizontally out of view;'' clicking the mouse on one of the arrows
+scrolls the display horizontally in the direction of the arrow. The
+fringes also indicate other things such as empty lines, or where a
+program you are debugging is executing (@pxref{Debuggers}).
+
+@findex set-fringe-style
+@findex fringe-mode
+ You can enable and disable the fringes for all frames using
+@kbd{M-x fringe-mode}. To enable and disable the fringes
+for the selected frame, use @kbd{M-x set-fringe-style}.
+
+@node Useless Whitespace
+@section Useless Whitespace
+
+@cindex trailing whitespace
+@cindex whitespace, trailing
+@vindex show-trailing-whitespace
+ It is easy to leave unnecessary spaces at the end of a line, or
+empty lines at the end of a file, without realizing it. In most
+cases, this @dfn{trailing whitespace} has no effect, but there are
+special circumstances where it matters.
+
+ You can make trailing whitespace at the end of a line visible on the
+screen by setting the buffer-local variable
+@code{show-trailing-whitespace} to @code{t}. Then Emacs displays
+trailing whitespace in the face @code{trailing-whitespace}.
+
+ This feature does not apply when point is at the end of the line
+containing the whitespace. Strictly speaking, that is ``trailing
+whitespace'' nonetheless, but displaying it specially in that case
+looks ugly while you are typing in new text. In this special case,
+the location of point is enough to show you that the spaces are
+present.
+
+@findex delete-trailing-whitespace
+ To delete all trailing whitespace within the current buffer's
+accessible portion (@pxref{Narrowing}), type @kbd{M-x
+delete-trailing-whitespace @key{RET}}. (This command does not remove
+the form-feed characters.)
+
+@vindex indicate-unused-lines
+@vindex default-indicate-empty-lines
+@cindex unused lines
+@cindex fringes, and unused line indication
+ Emacs can indicate unused lines at the end of the window with a
+small image in the left fringe (@pxref{Fringes}). The image appears
+for window lines that do not correspond to any buffer text. Blank
+lines at the end of the buffer then stand out because they do not have
+this image in the fringe.
+
+ To enable this feature, set the buffer-local variable
+@code{indicate-unused-lines} to a non-@code{nil} value. The default
+value of this variable is controlled by the variable
+@code{default-indicate-unused-lines}; by setting that variable, you
+can enable or disable this feature for all new buffers. (This feature
+currently doesn't work on character terminals.)
@node Follow Mode
@section Follow Mode
@node Optional Mode Line
@section Optional Mode Line Features
+@cindex buffer size display
+@cindex display of buffer size
+@findex size-indication-mode
+ The buffer percentage @var{pos} indicates the percentage of the
+buffer above the top of the window. You can additionally display the
+size of the buffer by typing @kbd{M-x size-indication-mode} to turn on
+Size Indication mode. The size will be displayed immediately
+following the buffer percentage like this:
+
+@example
+@var{POS} of @var{SIZE}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Here @var{SIZE} is the human readable representation of the number of
+characters in the buffer, which means that @samp{k} for 10^3, @samp{M}
+for 10^6, @samp{G} for 10^9, etc., are used to abbreviate.
+
+@cindex narrowing, and buffer size display
+ If you have narrowed the buffer (@pxref{Narrowing}), the size of the
+accessible part of the buffer is shown.
+
@cindex line number display
@cindex display of line number
@findex line-number-mode
The current line number of point appears in the mode line when Line
Number mode is enabled. Use the command @kbd{M-x line-number-mode} to
turn this mode on and off; normally it is on. The line number appears
-before the buffer percentage @var{pos}, with the letter @samp{L} to
+after the buffer percentage @var{pos}, with the letter @samp{L} to
indicate what it is. @xref{Minor Modes}, for more information about
minor modes and about how to use this command.
@cindex mail (on mode line)
@vindex display-time-use-mail-icon
@vindex display-time-mail-face
+@vindex display-time-mail-file
+@vindex display-time-mail-directory
The word @samp{Mail} appears after the load level if there is mail
for you that you have not read yet. On a graphical display you can use
an icon instead of @samp{Mail} by customizing
@code{display-time-use-mail-icon}; this may save some space on the mode
line. You can customize @code{display-time-mail-face} to make the mail
-indicator prominent.
+indicator prominent. Use @code{display-time-mail-file} to specify
+the mail file to check, or set @code{display-time-mail-directory}
+to specify the directory to check for incoming mail (any nonempty regular
+file in the directory is considered as ``newly arrived mail'').
@cindex mode line, 3D appearance
@cindex attributes of mode line, changing
@section How Text Is Displayed
@cindex characters (in text)
- ASCII printing characters (octal codes 040 through 0176) in Emacs
+ @acronym{ASCII} printing characters (octal codes 040 through 0176) in Emacs
buffers are displayed with their graphics, as are non-ASCII multibyte
printing characters (octal codes above 0400).
- Some ASCII control characters are displayed in special ways. The
+ Some @acronym{ASCII} control characters are displayed in special ways. The
newline character (octal code 012) is displayed by starting a new line.
The tab character (octal code 011) is displayed by moving to the next
tab stop column (normally every 8 columns).
- Other ASCII control characters are normally displayed as a caret
+ Other @acronym{ASCII} control characters are normally displayed as a caret
(@samp{^}) followed by the non-control version of the character; thus,
control-A is displayed as @samp{^A}.
- Non-ASCII characters 0200 through 0237 (octal) are displayed with
+ Non-@acronym{ASCII} characters 0200 through 0237 (octal) are displayed with
octal escape sequences; thus, character code 0230 (octal) is displayed
as @samp{\230}. The display of character codes 0240 through 0377
(octal) may be either as escape sequences or as graphics. They do not
@node Cursor Display
@section Displaying the Cursor
-@findex hl-line-mode
-@findex global-hl-line-mode
-@cindex highlight current line
@findex blink-cursor-mode
+@vindex blink-cursor-alist
@cindex cursor, locating visually
@cindex cursor, blinking
- There are a number of ways to customize the display of the cursor.
-@kbd{M-x hl-line-mode} enables or disables a minor mode which
-highlights the line containing point. @kbd{M-x global-hl-line-mode}
-enables the minor mode globally. On window systems, the command
-@kbd{M-x blink-cursor-mode} turns on or off the blinking of the
-cursor. (On terminals, the terminal itself blinks the cursor, and
-Emacs has no control over it.)
-
You can customize the cursor's color, and whether it blinks, using
-the @code{cursor} Custom group (@pxref{Easy Customization}).
+the @code{cursor} Custom group (@pxref{Easy Customization}). On
+graphical terminals, the command @kbd{M-x blink-cursor-mode} enables
+or disables the blinking of the cursor. (On text terminals, the
+terminal itself blinks the cursor, and Emacs has no control over it.)
+You can control how the cursor appears when it blinks off by setting
+the variable @code{blink-cursor-alist}.
+
+@cindex cursor in non-selected windows
+@vindex cursor-in-non-selected-windows
+ Normally, the cursor appears in non-selected windows in the ``off''
+state, with the same appearance as when the blinking cursor blinks
+``off''. For a box cursor, this is a hollow box; for a bar cursor,
+this is a thinner bar. To turn off cursors in non-selected windows,
+customize the option @code{cursor-in-non-selected-windows} and assign
+it a @code{nil} value.
@vindex x-stretch-cursor
@cindex wide block cursor
- When displaying on a window system, Emacs can optionally draw the
-block cursor as wide as the character under the cursor---for example,
-if the cursor is on a tab character, it would cover the full width
-occupied by that tab character. To enable this feature, set the
-variable @code{x-stretch-cursor} to a non-@code{nil} value.
+ On graphical terminals, Emacs can optionally draw the block cursor
+as wide as the character under the cursor---for example, if the cursor
+is on a tab character, it would cover the full width occupied by that
+tab character. To enable this feature, set the variable
+@code{x-stretch-cursor} to a non-@code{nil} value.
-@cindex cursor in non-selected windows
-@vindex cursor-in-non-selected-windows
- Normally, the cursor in non-selected windows is shown as a hollow box.
-To turn off cursor display in non-selected windows, customize the option
-@code{cursor-in-non-selected-windows} to assign it a @code{nil} value.
+@findex hl-line-mode
+@findex global-hl-line-mode
+@cindex highlight current line
+ If you find it hard to see the cursor, you might like HL Line mode,
+a minor mode that highlights the line containing point. Use @kbd{M-x
+hl-line-mode} to enable or disable it in the current buffer. @kbd{M-x
+global-hl-line-mode} enables or disables the same mode globally.
+
+@ignore
+ arch-tag: 2219f910-2ff0-4521-b059-1bd231a536c4
+@end ignore
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff