@c The edition number appears in several places in this file
@set EDITION Sixteenth
-@set EMACSVER 23.0.94
+@include emacsver.texi
@copying
This is the @value{EDITION} edition of the @cite{GNU Emacs Manual},@*
updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
Copyright @copyright{} 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997,
-1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
+2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
-* Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor.
+* Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor.
@end direntry
@c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a
@tex
@ifset smallbook
@fonttextsize 10
-@set EMACSVER 22
\global\let\urlcolor=\Black % don't print links in grayscale
\global\let\linkcolor=\Black
@end ifset
@value{EMACSVER}.
@ifinfo
-To learn more about the Info documentation system, type @kbd{h}, and
-Emacs will take you to a programmed instruction sequence for the Info
-commands.
+To learn more about the Info documentation system, type @kbd{h},
+to visit a programmed instruction sequence for the Info commands.
@end ifinfo
For information on extending Emacs, see @ref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
+
+@insertcopying
@end ifnottex
@ignore
and Sending Mail and Registers and Minibuffer.
@end ignore
-@insertcopying
-
@menu
-* Distrib:: How to get the latest Emacs distribution.
-* Copying:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission
- to redistribute GNU Emacs on certain terms;
- it also explains that there is no warranty.
-* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
-* Intro:: An introduction to Emacs concepts.
-* Glossary:: Terms used in this manual.
-* Antinews:: Information about Emacs version 22.
-* Mac OS / GNUstep:: Using Emacs under Mac OS and GNUstep.
-* Microsoft Windows:: Using Emacs on Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS.
-* Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
-* Acknowledgments:: Major contributors to GNU Emacs.
+* Distrib:: How to get the latest Emacs distribution.
+* Intro:: An introduction to Emacs concepts.
+@c Note that in the printed manual, the glossary and indices come last.
+* Glossary:: Terms used in this manual.
Indexes (each index contains a large menu)
-* Key Index:: An item for each standard Emacs key sequence.
+* Key Index:: An item for each standard Emacs key sequence.
* Option Index:: An item for every command-line option.
* Command Index:: An item for each command name.
* Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable.
* Concept Index:: An item for each concept.
+* Acknowledgments:: Major contributors to GNU Emacs.
+
Important General Concepts
-* Screen:: How to interpret what you see on the screen.
-* User Input:: Kinds of input events (characters, buttons,
+* Screen:: How to interpret what you see on the screen.
+* User Input:: Kinds of input events (characters, buttons,
function keys).
-* Keys:: Key sequences: what you type to request one
+* Keys:: Key sequences: what you type to request one
editing action.
-* Commands:: Named functions run by key sequences to do editing.
+* Commands:: Named functions run by key sequences to do editing.
* Entering Emacs:: Starting Emacs from the shell.
-* Exiting:: Stopping or killing Emacs.
-* Emacs Invocation:: Hairy startup options.
+* Exiting:: Stopping or killing Emacs.
Fundamental Editing Commands
-* Basic:: The most basic editing commands.
-* Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for.
-* M-x:: Invoking commands by their names.
-* Help:: Commands for asking Emacs about its commands.
+* Basic:: The most basic editing commands.
+* Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for.
+* M-x:: Invoking commands by their names.
+* Help:: Commands for asking Emacs about its commands.
Important Text-Changing Commands
-* Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text.
-* Killing:: Killing (cutting) text.
-* Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text. (Pasting.)
+* Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text.
+* Killing:: Killing (cutting) text.
+* Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text. (Pasting.)
* Accumulating Text:: Other ways of copying text.
-* Rectangles:: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen.
-* Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
-* Display:: Controlling what text is displayed.
-* Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
-* Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
-* Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of
- keystrokes to be replayed with a single command.
+* Rectangles:: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen.
+* CUA Bindings:: Using @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-v} for copy
+ and paste, with enhanced rectangle support.
+* Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
+* Display:: Controlling what text is displayed.
+* Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
+* Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
+* Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of
+ keystrokes to be replayed with a single command.
Major Structures of Emacs
-* Files:: All about handling files.
-* Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
-* Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once.
-* Frames:: Running the same Emacs session in multiple X windows.
-* International:: Using non-@acronym{ASCII} character sets (the MULE features).
+* Files:: All about handling files.
+* Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
+* Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once.
+* Frames:: Running the same Emacs session in multiple X windows.
+* International:: Using non-@acronym{ASCII} character sets.
Advanced Features
-* Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ...
-* Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
-* Text:: Commands and modes for editing English.
-* Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs.
-* Building:: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
+* Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode...
+* Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
+* Text:: Commands and modes for editing English.
+* Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs.
+* Building:: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
* Maintaining:: Features for maintaining large programs.
-* Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce
- the number of characters you must type.
+* Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce
+ the number of characters you must type.
+@c AFAICS, the tex stuff generates its own index and does not use this one.
@ifnottex
* Picture Mode:: Editing pictures made up of characters using
the quarter-plane screen model.
@end ifnottex
* Sending Mail:: Sending mail in Emacs.
-* Rmail:: Reading mail in Emacs.
-* Dired:: You can ``edit'' a directory to manage files in it.
+* Rmail:: Reading mail in Emacs.
+* Dired:: You can ``edit'' a directory to manage files in it.
* Calendar/Diary:: The calendar and diary facilities.
-* Document View:: Viewing PDF, PS and DVI files.
-* Gnus:: How to read netnews with Emacs.
-* Shell:: Executing shell commands from Emacs.
+* Document View:: Viewing PDF, PS and DVI files.
+* Gnus:: How to read netnews with Emacs.
+* Shell:: Executing shell commands from Emacs.
* Emacs Server:: Using Emacs as an editing server for @code{mail}, etc.
-* Printing:: Printing hardcopies of buffers or regions.
-* Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within Emacs.
-* Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion
- of the buffer.
-* Two-Column:: Splitting apart columns to edit them
- in side-by-side windows.
+* Printing:: Printing hardcopies of buffers or regions.
+* Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within Emacs.
+* Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion
+ of the buffer.
+* Two-Column:: Splitting apart columns to edit them
+ in side-by-side windows.
* Editing Binary Files::Using Hexl mode to edit binary files.
* Saving Emacs Sessions:: Saving Emacs state from one session to the next.
* Recursive Edit:: A command can allow you to do editing
- "within the command". This is called a
- "recursive editing level".
-* Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with Emacs.
+ "within the command". This is called a
+ "recursive editing level".
+* Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with Emacs.
* Hyperlinking:: Following links in buffers.
* Dissociated Press:: Dissociating text for fun.
-* Amusements:: Various games and hacks.
+* Amusements:: Various games and hacks.
* Customization:: Modifying the behavior of Emacs.
-* X Resources:: X resources for customizing Emacs.
Recovery from Problems
-* Quitting:: Quitting and aborting.
-* Lossage:: What to do if Emacs is hung or malfunctioning.
-* Bugs:: How and when to report a bug.
+* Quitting:: Quitting and aborting.
+* Lossage:: What to do if Emacs is hung or malfunctioning.
+* Bugs:: How and when to report a bug.
* Contributing:: How to contribute improvements to Emacs.
-* Service:: How to get help for your own Emacs needs.
+* Service:: How to get help for your own Emacs needs.
+
+Appendices
+* Copying:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission
+ to redistribute GNU Emacs on certain terms;
+ it also explains that there is no warranty.
+* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
+* Emacs Invocation:: Hairy startup options.
+* X Resources:: X resources for customizing Emacs.
+* Antinews:: Information about Emacs version 22.
+* Mac OS / GNUstep:: Using Emacs under Mac OS and GNUstep.
+* Microsoft Windows:: Using Emacs on Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS.
+* Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
@c Do NOT modify the following 3 lines! They must have this form to
@c be correctly identified by `texinfo-multiple-files-update'. In
The Organization of the Screen
-* Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate.
+* Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate.
* Echo Area:: Short messages appear at the bottom of the screen.
-* Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line.
+* Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line.
* Menu Bar:: How to use the menu bar.
Basic Editing Commands
* Inserting Text:: Inserting text by simply typing it.
-* Moving Point:: How to move the cursor to the place where you want to
- change something.
-* Erasing:: Deleting and killing text.
-* Basic Undo:: Undoing recent changes in the text.
+* Moving Point:: Moving the cursor to the place where you want to
+ change something.
+* Erasing:: Deleting and killing text.
+* Basic Undo:: Undoing recent changes in the text.
* Basic Files:: Visiting, creating, and saving files.
* Basic Help:: Asking what a character does.
-* Blank Lines:: Commands to make or delete blank lines.
-* Continuation Lines:: Lines too wide for the screen.
+* Blank Lines:: Making and deleting blank lines.
+* Continuation Lines:: How Emacs displays lines too wide for the screen.
* Position Info:: What page, line, row, or column is point on?
-* Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command.
-* Repeating:: A short-cut for repeating the previous command.
+* Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command N times.
+* Repeating:: Repeating the previous command quickly.
The Minibuffer
* Minibuffer File:: Entering file names with the minibuffer.
* Minibuffer Edit:: How to edit in the minibuffer.
-* Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
-* Minibuffer History:: Reusing recent minibuffer arguments.
-* Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.
+* Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
+* Minibuffer History:: Reusing recent minibuffer arguments.
+* Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.
* Passwords:: Entering passwords in the echo area.
Completion
-* Example: Completion Example. Examples of using completion.
-* Commands: Completion Commands. A list of completion commands.
-* Strict Completion:: Different types of completion.
-* Options: Completion Options. Options for completion.
+* Completion Example:: Examples of using completion.
+* Completion Commands:: A list of completion commands.
+* Strict Completion:: Different types of completion.
+* Completion Options:: Options for completion.
Help
-* Help Summary:: Brief list of all Help commands.
-* Key Help:: Asking what a key does in Emacs.
-* Name Help:: Asking about a command, variable or function name.
-* Apropos:: Asking what pertains to a given topic.
+* Help Summary:: Brief list of all Help commands.
+* Key Help:: Asking what a key does in Emacs.
+* Name Help:: Asking about a command, variable or function name.
+* Apropos:: Asking what pertains to a given topic.
* Help Mode:: Special features of Help mode and Help buffers.
-* Library Keywords:: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics).
+* Library Keywords:: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics).
* Language Help:: Help relating to international language support.
-* Misc Help:: Other help commands.
+* Misc Help:: Other help commands.
* Help Files:: Commands to display pre-written help files.
-* Help Echo:: Help on active text and tooltips (`balloon help')
+* Help Echo:: Help on active text and tooltips (`balloon help').
The Mark and the Region
-* Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
-* Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
-* Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
-* Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
+* Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
+* Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
+* Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
+* Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
* Global Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions in various buffers.
* Shift Selection:: Using shifted cursor motion keys.
-* Persistent Mark:: Keeping the mark active all the time.
+* Persistent Mark:: Keeping the mark active all the time.
Killing and Moving Text
-* Deletion:: Commands for deleting small amounts of text and
- blank areas.
-* Killing by Lines:: How to kill entire lines of text at one time.
+* Deletion:: Commands for deleting small amounts of text and
+ blank areas.
+* Killing by Lines:: How to kill entire lines of text at one time.
* Other Kill Commands:: Commands to kill large regions of text and
- syntactic units such as words and sentences.
-* CUA Bindings:: Using @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-v} for copy
- and paste, with enhanced rectangle support.
+ syntactic units such as words and sentences.
+* Kill Options:: Options that affect killing.
Yanking
-* Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking.
-* Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together.
-* Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago.
+* Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking.
+* Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together.
+* Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago.
Registers
-* RegPos:: Saving positions in registers.
-* RegText:: Saving text in registers.
-* RegRect:: Saving rectangles in registers.
+* RegPos:: Saving positions in registers.
+* RegText:: Saving text in registers.
+* RegRect:: Saving rectangles in registers.
* RegConfig:: Saving window configurations in registers.
* RegNumbers:: Numbers in registers.
-* RegFiles:: File names in registers.
+* RegFiles:: File names in registers.
* Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.
Controlling the Display
-* Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window.
+* Scrolling:: Commands to move text up and down in a window.
* Auto Scrolling:: Redisplay scrolls text automatically when needed.
* Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
* Follow Mode:: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one.
-* Faces:: How to change the display style using faces.
+* Faces:: How to change the display style using faces.
* Standard Faces:: Emacs' predefined faces.
* Temporary Face Changes:: Commands to temporarily modify the default text face
* Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
Searching and Replacement
-* Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string.
+* Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string.
* Nonincremental Search:: Specify entire string and then search.
-* Word Search:: Search for sequence of words.
-* Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp.
-* Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions.
+* Word Search:: Search for sequence of words.
+* Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp.
+* Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions.
* Regexp Backslash:: Regular expression constructs starting with `\'.
* Regexp Example:: A complex regular expression explained.
-* Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not.
-* Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches.
+* Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not.
+* Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches.
* Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp.
Incremental Search
Replacement Commands
* Unconditional Replace:: Replacing all matches for a string.
-* Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp.
+* Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp.
* Replacement and Case:: How replacements preserve case of letters.
-* Query Replace:: How to use querying.
+* Query Replace:: How to use querying.
Commands for Fixing Typos
-* Undo:: Full details of Emacs undo commands.
-* Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
+* Undo:: The Undo commands.
+* Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
* Fixing Case:: Correcting case of last word entered.
-* Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word or a whole buffer.
+* Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word, or a whole file.
Keyboard Macros
* File Aliases:: Handling multiple names for one file.
* Directories:: Creating, deleting, and listing file directories.
* Comparing Files:: Finding where two files differ.
-* Diff Mode:: Editing diff output.
+* Diff Mode:: Mode for editing file differences.
* Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files.
* Compressed Files:: Accessing compressed files.
* File Archives:: Operating on tar, zip, jar etc. archive files.
Backup Files
-* Names: Backup Names. How backup files are named.
-* Deletion: Backup Deletion. Emacs deletes excess numbered backups.
-* Copying: Backup Copying. Backups can be made by copying or renaming.
+* Backup Names:: How backup files are named.
+* Backup Deletion:: Emacs deletes excess numbered backups.
+* Backup Copying:: Backups can be made by copying or renaming.
+
+Auto Reverting Non-File Buffers
+
+* Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu:: Auto Revert of the Buffer Menu.
+* Auto Reverting Dired:: Auto Revert of Dired buffers.
+* Supporting additional buffers:: How to add more Auto Revert support.
Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters
-* Files: Auto Save Files. The file where auto-saved changes are
- actually made until you save the file.
-* Control: Auto Save Control. Controlling when and how often to auto-save.
-* Recover:: Recovering text from auto-save files.
+* Auto Save Files:: The file where auto-saved changes are
+ actually made until you save the file.
+* Auto Save Control:: Controlling when and how often to auto-save.
+* Recover:: Recovering text from auto-save files.
Using Multiple Buffers
* Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
* List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
-* Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text.
-* Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
+* Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onlyness; copying text.
+* Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
* Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers
- and operate variously on several of them.
+ and operate variously on several of them.
* Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares the text of another buffer.
* Buffer Convenience:: Convenience and customization features for
buffer handling.
+Convenience Features and Customization of Buffer Handling
+
+* Uniquify:: Making buffer names unique with directory parts.
+* Iswitchb:: Switching between buffers with substrings.
+* Buffer Menus:: Configurable buffer menu.
+
Multiple Windows
* Basic Window:: Introduction to Emacs windows.
* Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line.
* Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents.
* Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
+* Fonts:: Changing the frame font.
* Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
* Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
* Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames.
* Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
-* Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
+* Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
* Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling.
* Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text.
-* Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
+* Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
* Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
* Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes.
-* Tooltips:: Showing "tooltips", AKA "balloon help" for active text.
+* Tooltips:: Displaying information at the current mouse position.
* Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way.
* Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
* Text-Only Mouse:: Using the mouse in text-only terminals.
+Killing and Yanking on Graphical Displays
+
+* Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
+* Word and Line Mouse:: Mouse commands for selecting whole words or lines.
+* Cut/Paste Other App:: Transfering text between Emacs and other apps.
+* Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark.
+* Clipboard:: Using the clipboard for selections.
+
International Character Set Support
* International Chars:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
* Fontsets:: Fontsets are collections of fonts
that cover the whole spectrum of characters.
* Defining Fontsets:: Defining a new fontset.
+* Modifying Fontsets:: Modifying an existing fontset.
* Undisplayable Characters::When characters don't display.
* Unibyte Mode:: You can pick one European character set
to use without multibyte characters.
Indentation
* Indentation Commands:: Various commands and techniques for indentation.
-* Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then
- indent to the next tab stop when you want to.
-* Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces.
+* Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then
+ indent to the next tab stop when you want to.
+* Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces.
Commands for Human Languages
-* Words:: Moving over and killing words.
-* Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences.
-* Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs.
-* Pages:: Moving over pages.
-* Filling:: Filling or justifying text.
-* Case:: Changing the case of text.
-* Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
+* Words:: Moving over and killing words.
+* Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences.
+* Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs.
+* Pages:: Moving over pages.
+* Filling:: Filling or justifying text.
+* Case:: Changing the case of text.
+* Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
* Outline Mode:: Editing outlines.
-* TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX.
-* HTML Mode:: Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files.
-* Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff.
+* TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX.
+* HTML Mode:: Editing HTML and SGML files.
+* Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff.
* Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.
* Text Based Tables:: Editing text-based tables in WYSIWYG fashion.
Filling Text
-* Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
-* Refill:: Keeping paragraphs filled.
+* Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
* Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
-* Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented
+* Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented
or in a comment, etc.
* Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically.
+* Refill:: Keeping paragraphs filled.
* Longlines:: Editing text with very long lines.
Outline Mode
-* Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like.
-* Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through
- outlines.
-* Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible.
-* Views: Outline Views. Outlines and multiple views.
-* Foldout:: Folding means zooming in on outlines.
+* Outline Format:: What the text of an outline looks like.
+* Outline Motion:: Special commands for moving through
+ outlines.
+* Outline Visibility:: Commands to control what is visible.
+* Outline Views:: Outlines and multiple views.
+* Foldout:: Folding means zooming in on outlines.
@TeX{} Mode
-* Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode.
-* LaTeX: LaTeX Editing. Additional commands for LaTeX input files.
-* Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX.
-* Misc: TeX Misc. Customization of TeX mode, and related features.
+* TeX Editing:: Special commands for editing in TeX mode.
+* LaTeX Editing:: Additional commands for LaTeX input files.
+* TeX Print:: Commands for printing part of a file with TeX.
+* TeX Misc:: Customization of TeX mode, and related features.
Editing Formatted Text
* Requesting Formatted Text:: Entering and exiting Enriched mode.
* Hard and Soft Newlines:: There are two different kinds of newlines.
* Editing Format Info:: How to edit text properties.
-* Faces: Format Faces. Bold, italic, underline, etc.
-* Color: Format Colors. Changing the color of text.
-* Indent: Format Indentation. Changing the left and right margins.
-* Justification: Format Justification.
- Centering, setting text flush with the
+* Format Faces:: Bold, italic, underline, etc.
+* Format Colors:: Changing the color of text.
+* Format Indentation:: Changing the left and right margins.
+* Format Justification:: Centering, setting text flush with the
left or right margin, etc.
-* Other: Format Properties. The "special" text properties submenu.
+* Format Properties:: The "special" text properties submenu.
* Forcing Enriched Mode:: How to force use of Enriched mode.
+@c The automatic texinfo menu update inserts some duplicate items here
+@c (faces, colors, indentation, justification, properties), because
+@c they are listed in two menus. But we already have them above, no
+@c need to list them twice.
+
Editing Text-based Tables
* Table Definition:: What is a text based table.
of a program.
* Program Indent:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
* Parentheses:: Commands that operate on parentheses.
-* Comments:: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
+* Comments:: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
* Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
* Hideshow:: Displaying blocks selectively.
* Symbol Completion:: Completion on symbol names of your program or language.
* Glasses:: Making identifiersLikeThis more readable.
+* Semantic:: Suite of editing tools based on source code parsing.
* Misc for Programs:: Other Emacs features useful for editing programs.
* C Modes:: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C,
Java, and Pike modes.
Indentation for Programs
-* Basic Indent:: Indenting a single line.
+* Basic Indent:: Indenting a single line.
* Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once.
-* Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
-* C Indent:: Extra features for indenting C and related modes.
-* Custom C Indent:: Controlling indentation style for C and related modes.
+* Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
+* C Indent:: Extra features for indenting C and related modes.
+* Custom C Indent:: Controlling indentation style for C and related modes.
Commands for Editing with Parentheses
* Expressions:: Expressions with balanced parentheses.
* Moving by Parens:: Commands for moving up, down and across
in the structure of parentheses.
-* Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
+* Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
Manipulating Comments
* Other C Commands:: Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros,
and other neat features.
+Fortran Mode
+
+* Fortran Motion:: Moving point by statements or subprograms.
+* Fortran Indent:: Indentation commands for Fortran.
+* Fortran Comments:: Inserting and aligning comments.
+* Fortran Autofill:: Auto fill support for Fortran.
+* Fortran Columns:: Measuring columns for valid Fortran.
+* Fortran Abbrev:: Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords.
+
+Fortran Indentation
+
+* ForIndent Commands:: Commands for indenting and filling Fortran.
+* ForIndent Cont:: How continuation lines indent.
+* ForIndent Num:: How line numbers auto-indent.
+* ForIndent Conv:: Conventions you must obey to avoid trouble.
+* ForIndent Vars:: Variables controlling Fortran indent style.
+
Compiling and Testing Programs
-* Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other
- than Lisp (C, Pascal, etc.).
+* Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other
+ than Lisp (C, Pascal, etc.).
* Compilation Mode:: The mode for visiting compiler errors.
* Compilation Shell:: Customizing your shell properly
for use in the compilation buffer.
* Grep Searching:: Searching with grep.
* Flymake:: Finding syntax errors on the fly.
-* Debuggers:: Running symbolic debuggers for non-Lisp programs.
-* Executing Lisp:: Various modes for editing Lisp programs,
- with different facilities for running
- the Lisp programs.
+* Debuggers:: Running symbolic debuggers for non-Lisp programs.
+* Executing Lisp:: Various modes for editing Lisp programs,
+ with different facilities for running
+ the Lisp programs.
* Lisp Libraries:: Creating Lisp programs to run in Emacs.
-* Lisp Eval:: Executing a single Lisp expression in Emacs.
+* Lisp Eval:: Executing a single Lisp expression in Emacs.
* Lisp Interaction:: Executing Lisp in an Emacs buffer.
-* External Lisp:: Communicating through Emacs with a separate Lisp.
+* External Lisp:: Communicating through Emacs with a separate Lisp.
Running Debuggers Under Emacs
-* Starting GUD:: How to start a debugger subprocess.
-* Debugger Operation:: Connection between the debugger and source buffers.
-* Commands of GUD:: Key bindings for common commands.
-* GUD Customization:: Defining your own commands for GUD.
+* Starting GUD:: How to start a debugger subprocess.
+* Debugger Operation:: Connection between the debugger and source buffers.
+* Commands of GUD:: Key bindings for common commands.
+* GUD Customization:: Defining your own commands for GUD.
* GDB Graphical Interface:: An enhanced mode that uses GDB features to
implement a graphical debugging environment through
Emacs.
+GDB Graphical Interface
+
+* GDB User Interface Layout:: Control the number of displayed buffers.
+* Source Buffers:: Use the mouse in the fringe/margin to
+ control your program.
+* Breakpoints Buffer:: A breakpoint control panel.
+* Threads Buffer:: Displays your threads.
+* Stack Buffer:: Select a frame from the call stack.
+* Other GDB Buffers:: Input/output, locals, registers,
+ assembler, threads and memory buffers.
+* Watch Expressions:: Monitor variable values in the speedbar.
+* Multithreaded Debugging:: Debugging programs with several threads.
+
Maintaining Large Programs
-* Version Control:: Version control systems (RCS, CVS and SCCS).
-* Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program.
-* Tags:: Go directly to any function in your program in one
- command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
+* Version Control:: Using version control systems.
+* Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program.
+* Tags:: Go directly to any function in your program in one
+ command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
+* EDE:: An integrated development environment for Emacs.
* Emerge:: A convenient way of merging two versions of a program.
Version Control
* Introduction to VC:: How version control works in general.
* VC Mode Line:: How the mode line shows version control status.
* Basic VC Editing:: How to edit a file under version control.
-* Old Revisions:: Examining and comparing old revisions of files.
+* Old Revisions:: Examining and comparing old versions.
* Secondary VC Commands:: The commands used a little less frequently.
+* VC Directory Mode:: Listing files managed by version control.
* Branches:: Multiple lines of development.
* Remote Repositories:: Efficient access to remote CVS servers.
-* Revision Tags:: Symbolic names for revisions
+* Revision Tags:: Symbolic names for revisions.
* Miscellaneous VC:: Various other commands and features of VC.
* Customizing VC:: Variables that change VC's behavior.
+
+Introduction to Version Control
+
+* Why Version Control?:: Understanding the problems it addresses.
+* Version Control Systems:: Supported version control back-end systems.
+* VCS Concepts:: Words and concepts related to version control.
+* Types of Log File:: The VCS log in contrast to the ChangeLog.
+
+Basic Editing under Version Control
+
+* VC With A Merging VCS:: Without locking: default mode for CVS.
+* VC With A Locking VCS:: RCS in its default mode, SCCS, and optionally CVS.
+* Advanced C-x v v:: Advanced features available with a prefix argument.
+* Log Buffer:: Features available in log entry buffers.
+
+The Secondary Commands of VC
+
+* Registering:: Putting a file under version control.
+* VC Change Log:: Viewing the VC Change Log.
+* VC Undo:: Canceling changes before or after check-in.
+
+VC Directory Mode
+
+* VC Directory Buffer:: What the buffer looks like and means.
+* VC Directory Commands:: Commands to use in a VC directory buffer.
+
+Multiple Branches of a File
+
+* Switching Branches:: How to get to another existing branch.
+* Creating Branches:: How to start a new branch.
+* Merging:: Transferring changes between branches.
+* Multi-User Branching:: Multiple users working at multiple branches
+ in parallel.
+
+Remote Repositories
+
+* Version Backups:: Keeping local copies of repository versions.
+* Local Version Control:: Using another version system for local editing.
+
+Revision Tags
+
+* Making Revision Tags:: The tag facilities.
+* Revision Tag Caveats:: Things to be careful of when using tags.
+
+Miscellaneous Commands and Features of VC
+
+* Change Logs and VC:: Generating a change log file from log entries.
+* Renaming and VC:: A command to rename both the source and master
+ file correctly.
+* Version Headers:: Inserting version control headers into working files.
+
+Customizing VC
+
+* General VC Options:: Options that apply to multiple back ends.
+* RCS and SCCS:: Options for RCS and SCCS.
+* CVS Options:: Options for CVS.
+
+Change Logs
+
+* Change Log Commands:: Commands for editing change log files.
+* Format of ChangeLog:: What the change log file looks like.
Tags Tables
-* Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
-* Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}.
+* Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
+* Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}.
* Etags Regexps:: Create arbitrary tags using regular expressions.
-* Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table.
-* Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
-* Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
-* List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
+* Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table.
+* Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
+* Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
+* List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
+
+Merging Files with Emerge
+
+* Overview of Emerge:: How to start Emerge. Basic concepts.
+* Submodes of Emerge:: Fast mode vs. Edit mode.
+ Skip Prefers mode and Auto Advance mode.
+* State of Difference:: You do the merge by specifying state A or B
+ for each difference.
+* Merge Commands:: Commands for selecting a difference,
+ changing states of differences, etc.
+* Exiting Emerge:: What to do when you've finished the merge.
+* Combining in Emerge:: How to keep both alternatives for a difference.
+* Fine Points of Emerge:: Miscellaneous issues.
Abbrevs
Sending Mail
-* Mail Format:: Format of the mail being composed.
-* Mail Headers:: Details of permitted mail header fields.
+* Mail Format:: Format of the mail being composed.
+* Mail Headers:: Details of some standard mail header fields.
* Mail Aliases:: Abbreviating and grouping mail addresses.
-* Mail Mode:: Special commands for editing mail being composed.
-* Mail Amusements:: Distract the NSA's attention; add a fortune to a msg.
+* Mail Commands:: Special commands for editing mail being composed.
+* Mail Signature:: Adding a signature to every message.
+* Mail Amusements:: Distracting the NSA; adding fortune messages.
* Mail Methods:: Using alternative mail-composition methods.
+Mail Commands
+
+* Mail Sending:: Commands to send the message.
+* Header Editing:: Commands to move to header fields and edit them.
+* Citing Mail:: Quoting a message you are replying to.
+* Mail Misc:: Attachments, spell checking, etc.
+
Reading Mail with Rmail
* Rmail Basics:: Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use.
* Rmail Digest:: Extracting the messages from a digest message.
* Rmail Rot13:: Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code.
* Movemail:: More details of fetching new mail.
-* Remote Mailboxes:: Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes.
-* Other Mailbox Formats:: Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in
- Various Formats
+* Remote Mailboxes:: Retrieving mail from remote mailboxes.
+* Other Mailbox Formats:: Retrieving mail from local mailboxes in
+ various formats.
+
+Summaries
+
+* Rmail Make Summary:: Making various sorts of summaries.
+* Rmail Summary Edit:: Manipulating messages from the summary.
Dired, the Directory Editor
-* Dired Enter:: How to invoke Dired.
-* Dired Navigation:: How to move in the Dired buffer.
+* Dired Enter:: How to invoke Dired.
+* Dired Navigation:: Special motion commands in the Dired buffer.
* Dired Deletion:: Deleting files with Dired.
* Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names.
* Dired Visiting:: Other file operations through Dired.
-* Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking.
-* Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc.
- either one file or several files.
+* Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking.
+* Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc.
+ either one file or several files.
* Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files.
* Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files.
-* Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired.
+* Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired.
* Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer.
* Subdir Switches:: Subdirectory switches in Dired.
-* Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
+* Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
* Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
* Dired Updating:: Discarding lines for files of no interest.
-* Dired and Find:: Using `find' to choose the files for Dired.
+* Dired and Find:: Using `find' to choose the files for Dired.
* Wdired:: Operating on files by editing the Dired buffer.
-* Image-Dired:: Viewing image thumbnails in Dired
+* Image-Dired:: Viewing image thumbnails in Dired.
* Misc Dired Features:: Various other features.
The Calendar and the Diary
* Lunar Phases:: Displaying phases of the moon.
* Other Calendars:: Converting dates to other calendar systems.
* Diary:: Displaying events from your diary.
-* Appointments:: Reminders when it's time to do something.
+* Appointments:: Reminders when it's time to do something.
* Importing Diary:: Converting diary events to/from other formats.
* Daylight Saving:: How to specify when daylight saving time is active.
* Time Intervals:: Keeping track of time intervals.
* Calendar Unit Motion:: Moving by days, weeks, months, and years.
* Move to Beginning or End:: Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years.
-* Specified Dates:: Moving to the current date or another
- specific date.
+* Specified Dates:: Moving to the current date or another
+ specific date.
Conversion To and From Other Calendars
-* Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands
- (aside from Gregorian).
-* To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars.
-* From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar.
-* Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
+* Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands
+ (aside from Gregorian).
+* To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars.
+* From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar.
+* Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
The Diary
* Displaying the Diary:: Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates.
* Format of Diary File:: Entering events in your diary.
-* Date Formats:: Various ways you can specify dates.
-* Adding to Diary:: Commands to create diary entries.
+* Date Formats:: Various ways you can specify dates.
+* Adding to Diary:: Commands to create diary entries.
* Special Diary Entries:: Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc.
-Document View
+Customizing the Calendar and Diary
+
+* Calendar Customizing:: Calendar layout and hooks.
+* Holiday Customizing:: Defining your own holidays.
+* Date Display Format:: Changing the format.
+* Time Display Format:: Changing the format.
+* Diary Customizing:: Defaults you can set.
+* Non-Gregorian Diary:: Diary entries based on other calendars.
+* Diary Display:: A choice of ways to display the diary.
+* Fancy Diary Display:: Sorting diary entries, using included diary files.
+* Sexp Diary Entries:: More flexible diary entries.
+
+Document Viewing
-* Navigation:: Navigation inside DocView buffers.
-* Searching:: Searching inside documents.
-* Slicing:: Specifing which part of pages should be displayed.
-* Conversion:: Influencing and triggering conversion.
+* Navigation:: Navigation inside DocView buffers.
+* Searching:: Searching inside documents.
+* Slicing:: Specifying which part of pages should be displayed.
+* Conversion:: Influencing and triggering conversion.
Gnus
-* Buffers of Gnus:: The group, summary, and article buffers.
-* Gnus Startup:: What you should know about starting Gnus.
-* Summary of Gnus:: A short description of the basic Gnus commands.
+* Buffers of Gnus:: The group, summary, and article buffers.
+* Gnus Startup:: What you should know about starting Gnus.
+* Summary of Gnus:: A short description of the basic Gnus commands.
Running Shell Commands from Emacs
-* Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
-* Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
-* Shell Mode:: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
+* Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
+* Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
+* Shell Mode:: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
* Shell Prompts:: Two ways to recognize shell prompts.
* Shell History:: Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer.
* Directory Tracking:: Keeping track when the subshell changes directory.
* Terminal emulator:: An Emacs window as a terminal emulator.
* Term Mode:: Special Emacs commands used in Term mode.
* Paging in Term:: Paging in the terminal emulator.
-* Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer.
+* Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer.
* Serial Terminal:: Connecting to a serial port.
+Shell Command History
+
+* Shell Ring:: Fetching commands from the history list.
+* Shell History Copying::Moving to a command and then copying it.
+* History References:: Expanding @samp{!}-style history references.
+
Using Emacs as a Server
* Invoking emacsclient:: Connecting to the Emacs server.
Printing Hard Copies
-* PostScript:: Printing buffers or regions as PostScript.
+* PostScript:: Printing buffers or regions as PostScript.
* PostScript Variables:: Customizing the PostScript printing commands.
* Printing Package:: An optional advanced printing interface.
Customization
-* Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on
- independently of any others.
-* Easy Customization:: Convenient way to browse and change user options.
-* Variables:: Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables
- to decide what to do; by setting variables,
- you can control their functioning.
-* Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs.
- By changing them, you can "redefine keys".
-* Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and
- expressions are parsed.
-* Init File:: How to write common customizations in the
- @file{.emacs} file.
+* Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is a feature you can turn on
+ independently of any others.
+* Easy Customization:: Convenient way to browse and change settings.
+* Variables:: Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables
+ to decide what to do; by setting variables,
+ you can control their functioning.
+* Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs.
+ By changing them, you can "redefine keys".
+* Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and
+ expressions are parsed.
+* Init File:: How to write common customizations in the
+ @file{.emacs} file.
+
+Easy Customization Interface
+
+* Customization Groups:: How settings are classified in a structure.
+* Browsing Custom:: Browsing and searching for settings.
+* Changing a Variable:: How to edit an option's value and set the option.
+* Saving Customizations:: Specifying the file for saving customizations.
+* Face Customization:: How to edit the attributes of a face.
+* Specific Customization:: Making a customization buffer for specific
+ variables, faces, or groups.
+* Custom Themes:: How to define collections of customized options
+ that can be loaded and unloaded together.
Variables
-* Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value.
-* Hooks:: Hook variables let you specify programs for parts
- of Emacs to run on particular occasions.
-* Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables.
+* Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value.
+* Hooks:: Hook variables let you specify programs for parts
+ of Emacs to run on particular occasions.
+* Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables.
* File Variables:: How files can specify variable values.
+* Directory Variables:: How variable values can be specified by directory.
+
+Local Variables in Files
+
+* Specifying File Variables:: Specifying file local variables.
+* Safe File Variables:: Making sure file local variables are safe.
Customizing Key Bindings
The Init File, @file{~/.emacs}
-* Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
+* Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
* Init Examples:: How to do some things with an init file.
* Terminal Init:: Each terminal type can have an init file.
-* Find Init:: How Emacs finds the init file.
+* Find Init:: How Emacs finds the init file.
* Init Non-ASCII:: Using non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in an init file.
Dealing with Emacs Trouble
Reporting Bugs
+* Known Problems:: How to read about known problems and bugs.
* Bug Criteria:: Have you really found a bug?
-* Understanding Bug Reporting:: How to report a bug effectively.
-* Checklist:: Steps to follow for a good bug report.
-* Sending Patches:: How to send a patch for GNU Emacs.
+* Understanding Bug Reporting:: How to report a bug effectively.
+* Checklist:: Steps to follow for a good bug report.
+* Sending Patches:: How to send a patch for GNU Emacs.
Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation
-* Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries,
- and call functions.
+* Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries,
+ and call functions.
* Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs.
* Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments.
-* Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
+* Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
* Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses.
* Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login.
-* Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
-* Colors:: Choosing display colors.
+* Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
+* Colors:: Choosing display colors.
* Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X.
-* Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X.
+* Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X.
* Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title.
* Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X.
* Misc X:: Other display options.
Environment Variables
-* General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use.
-* Misc Variables:: Certain system specific variables.
+* General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use.
+* Misc Variables:: Certain system-specific variables.
* MS-Windows Registry:: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows.
X Options and Resources
* LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
* GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets.
+GTK resources
+
+* GTK widget names:: How widgets in GTK are named in general.
+* GTK Names in Emacs:: GTK widget names in Emacs.
+* GTK styles:: What can be customized in a GTK widget.
+
Emacs and Mac OS / GNUstep
-* Mac / GNUstep Basics:: Basic Emacs usage in Mac OS.
-* Mac / GNUstep Events:: How window system events are handled.
-* Mac / GNUstep Customization:: Customizations in Mac OS
-* GNUstep Support:: Details on status of GNUstep support
+* Mac / GNUstep Basics:: Basic Emacs usage under GNUstep or Mac OS.
+* Mac / GNUstep Customization:: Customizations under GNUstep or Mac OS.
+* Mac / GNUstep Events:: How window system events are handled.
+* GNUstep Support:: Details on status of GNUstep support.
Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS
* Windows Mouse:: Windows-specific mouse features.
* Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
* Windows Printing:: How to specify the printer on MS-Windows.
+* Windows Fonts:: Specifying fonts on MS-Windows.
* Windows Misc:: Miscellaneous Windows features.
* MS-DOS:: Using Emacs on MS-DOS (otherwise known as @dfn{MS-DOG}).
+
+Emacs and MS-DOS
+
+* MS-DOS Keyboard:: Keyboard conventions on MS-DOS.
+* MS-DOS Mouse:: Mouse conventions on MS-DOS.
+* MS-DOS Display:: Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS.
+* MS-DOS File Names:: File name conventions on MS-DOS.
+* MS-DOS Printing:: Printing specifics on MS-DOS.
+* MS-DOS and MULE:: Support for internationalization on MS-DOS.
+* MS-DOS Processes:: Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
+
@end detailmenu
@end menu
This is primarily a reference manual, but can also be used as a
primer. If you are new to Emacs, we recommend you start with
-the on-line, learn-by-doing tutorial, before reading the manual. To
+the integrated, learn-by-doing tutorial, before reading the manual. To
run the tutorial, start Emacs and type @kbd{C-h t}. The tutorial
describes commands, tells you when to try them, and explains the
results.
describe optional but useful features; read those chapters when you
need them.
- Read the Trouble chapter if Emacs does not seem to be working
-properly. It explains how to cope with several common problems
-(@pxref{Lossage}), as well as when and how to report Emacs bugs
-(@pxref{Bugs}).
+ Read the Common Problems chapter if Emacs does not seem to be
+working properly. It explains how to cope with several common
+problems (@pxref{Lossage}), as well as when and how to report Emacs
+bugs (@pxref{Bugs}).
To find the documentation of a particular command, look in the index.
Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes.
There is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term.
This manual is available as a printed book and also as an Info file.
-The Info file is for on-line perusal with the Info program, which is
-the principal means of accessing on-line documentation in the GNU
-system. Both the Emacs Info file and an Info reader are included with
-GNU Emacs. The Info file and the printed book contain substantially
-the same text and are generated from the same source files, which are
-also distributed with GNU Emacs.
+The Info file is for use with the Info program, which is the principal
+means of accessing on-line documentation in the GNU system. Both the
+Emacs Info file and an Info reader are included with GNU Emacs. The
+Info file and the printed book contain substantially the same text and
+are generated from the same source files, which are also distributed
+with GNU Emacs.
GNU Emacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many
Emacs editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For
Those systems use different file name syntax; in addition
MS-DOS does not support all GNU Emacs features. @xref{Microsoft
Windows}, for information about using Emacs on Windows.
-@xref{Mac OS}, for information about using Emacs on Macintosh.
+@xref{Mac OS / GNUstep}, for information about using Emacs on
+Macintosh (and GNUstep).
@end iftex
@node Distrib, Intro, Top, Top
General Public License. In other words, the program must be free for you
when you get it, not just free for the manufacturer.
+@c FIXME no longer true?
You can also order copies of GNU Emacs from the Free Software
Foundation. This is a convenient and reliable way to get a copy; it is
also a good way to help fund our work. We also sell hardcopy versions
of this manual and @cite{An Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp},
-by Robert J. Chassell. You can find an order form on our web site at
-@url{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html}. For further information,
+by Robert J. Chassell. You can visit our online store at
+@url{http://shop.fsf.org/}. For further information,
write to
@display
USA
@end display
-The income from distribution fees goes to support the foundation's
-purpose: the development of new free software, and improvements to our
-existing programs including GNU Emacs.
+The income from sales goes to support the foundation's purpose: the
+development of new free software, and improvements to our existing
+programs including GNU Emacs.
+@c FIXME you can't order a CD any more.
If you find GNU Emacs useful, please @strong{send a donation} to the
Free Software Foundation to support our work. Donations to the Free
Software Foundation are tax deductible in the US. If you use GNU Emacs
@unnumberedsec Acknowledgments
Contributors to GNU Emacs include Jari Aalto, Per Abrahamsen, Tomas
-Abrahamsson, Jay K.@: Adams, Michael Albinus, Nagy Andras, Ralf
-Angeli, Joe Arceneaux, Miles Bader, David Bakhash, Juanma Barranquero,
-Eli Barzilay, Steven L.@: Baur, Jay Belanger, Alexander L.@: Belikoff,
-Boaz Ben-Zvi, Karl Berry, Anna M.@: Bigatti, Ray Blaak, Jim Blandy,
-Johan Bockg@aa{}rd, Per Bothner, Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, Peter
-Breton, Emmanuel Briot, Kevin Broadey, Vincent Broman, David M.@:
-Brown, Georges Brun-Cottan, Joe Buehler, W@l{}odek Bzyl, Bill
-Carpenter, Per Cederqvist, Hans Chalupsky, Chong Yidong, Chris Chase,
-Bob Chassell, Andrew Choi, Sacha Chua, James Clark, Mike Clarkson,
-Glynn Clements, Andrew Csillag, Doug Cutting, Mathias Dahl, Satyaki
-Das, Michael DeCorte, Gary Delp, Matthieu Devin, Eri Ding, Jan
-Dj@"{a}rv, Carsten Dominik, Scott Draves, Benjamin Drieu, Viktor
-Dukhovni, John Eaton, Rolf Ebert, Paul Eggert, Stephen Eglen,
-Torbj@"orn Einarsson, Tsugutomo Enami, Hans Henrik Eriksen, Michael
-Ernst, Ata Etemadi, Frederick Farnbach, Oscar Figueiredo, Fred Fish,
-Karl Fogel, Gary Foster, Romain Francoise, Noah Friedman, Andreas
-Fuchs, Hallvard Furuseth, Keith Gabryelski, Peter S.@: Galbraith,
-Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo, Juan Le@'{o}n Lahoz
-Garc@'{@dotless{i}}a, Howard Gayle, Stephen Gildea, Julien Gilles,
-David Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Deepak Goel, Boris Goldowsky,
-Michelangelo Grigni, Odd Gripenstam, Kai Gro@ss{}johann, Michael
-Gschwind, Henry Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Ken'ichi Handa, Lars Hansen,
-Chris Hanson, K. Shane Hartman, John Heidemann, Jon K.@: Hellan,
-Jesper Harder, Magnus Henoch, Markus Heritsch, Karl Heuer, Manabu
-Higashida, Anders Holst, Jeffrey C.@: Honig, Tassilo Horn, Kurt
-Hornik, Tom Houlder, Joakim Hove, Denis Howe, Lars Ingebrigtsen,
-Andrew Innes, Seiichiro Inoue, Pavel Janik, Paul Jarc, Ulf Jasper,
-Michael K. Johnson, Kyle Jones, Terry Jones, Simon Josefsson, Arne
-J@o{}rgensen, Tomoji Kagatani, Brewster Kahle, Lute Kamstra, David
-Kastrup, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Taichi Kawabata, Howard Kaye,
-Michael Kifer, Richard King, Peter Kleiweg, Shuhei Kobayashi, Pavel
-Kobiakov, Larry K.@: Kolodney, David M.@: Koppelman, Koseki Yoshinori,
-Robert Krawitz, Sebastian Kremer, Ryszard Kubiak, Geoff Kuenning,
-David K@aa{}gedal, Daniel LaLiberte, Mario Lang, Aaron Larson, James
-R.@: Larus, Vinicius Jose Latorre, Werner Lemberg, Frederic Lepied,
-Peter Liljenberg, Lars Lindberg, Chris Lindblad, Anders Lindgren,
-Thomas Link, Juri Linkov, Francis Litterio, Emilio C. Lopes, Károly
-Lőrentey, Dave Love, Sascha L@"{u}decke, Eric Ludlam, Alan Mackenzie,
-Christopher J.@: Madsen, Neil M.@: Mager, Ken Manheimer, Bill Mann,
-Brian Marick, Simon Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie Martin, Thomas
-May, Roland McGrath, Will Mengarini, David Megginson, Ben A. Mesander,
-Wayne Mesard, Brad Miller, Lawrence Mitchell, Richard Mlynarik, Gerd
-Moellmann, Stefan Monnier, Morioka Tomohiko, Keith Moore, Glenn
-Morris, Diane Murray, Sen Nagata, Erik Naggum, Thomas Neumann,
-Thien-Thi Nguyen, Mike Newton, Jurgen Nickelsen, Dan Nicolaescu,
-Hrvoje Niksic, Jeff Norden, Andrew Norman, Alexandre Oliva, Bob Olson,
-Michael Olson, Takaaki Ota, Pieter E.@: J.@: Pareit, David Pearson,
+Abrahamsson, Jay K.@: Adams, Michael Albinus, Nagy Andras, Ralf Angeli,
+Joe Arceneaux, Miles Bader, David Bakhash, Juanma Barranquero, Eli
+Barzilay, Thomas Baumann, Steven L.@: Baur, Jay Belanger, Alexander L.@:
+Belikoff, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Karl Berry, Anna M.@: Bigatti, Ray Blaak, Jim
+Blandy, Johan Bockg@aa{}rd, Jan Böcker, Lennart Borgman, Per Bothner,
+Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, Peter Breton, Emmanuel Briot, Kevin
+Broadey, Vincent Broman, David M.@: Brown, Georges Brun-Cottan, Joe
+Buehler, W@l{}odek Bzyl, Bill Carpenter, Per Cederqvist, Hans Chalupsky,
+Chong Yidong, Chris Chase, Bob Chassell, Andrew Choi, Sacha Chua, James
+Clark, Mike Clarkson, Glynn Clements, Daniel Colascione, Andrew Csillag,
+Baoqiu Cui, Doug Cutting, Mathias Dahl, Julien Danjou, Satyaki Das,
+Vivek Dasmohapatra, Michael DeCorte, Gary Delp, Matthieu Devin, Eri
+Ding, Jan Dj@"{a}rv, Carsten Dominik, Scott Draves, Benjamin Drieu,
+Viktor Dukhovni, Dmitry Dzhus, John Eaton, Rolf Ebert, Paul Eggert,
+Stephen Eglen, Torbj@"orn Einarsson, Tsugutomo Enami, Hans Henrik
+Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi, Frederick Farnbach, Oscar
+Figueiredo, Fred Fish, Karl Fogel, Gary Foster, Romain Francoise, Noah
+Friedman, Andreas Fuchs, Hallvard Furuseth, Keith Gabryelski, Peter S.@:
+Galbraith, Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo, Juan Le@'{o}n Lahoz
+Garc@'{@dotless{i}}a, Howard Gayle, Daniel German, Stephen Gildea,
+Julien Gilles, David Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Deepak Goel, Boris
+Goldowsky, Michelangelo Grigni, Odd Gripenstam, Kai Gro@ss{}johann,
+Michael Gschwind, Bastien Guerry, Henry Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Ken'ichi
+Handa, Lars Hansen, Chris Hanson, K. Shane Hartman, John Heidemann, Jon
+K.@: Hellan, Jesper Harder, Magnus Henoch, Markus Heritsch, Karl Heuer,
+Manabu Higashida, Anders Holst, Jeffrey C.@: Honig, Tassilo Horn, Kurt
+Hornik, Tom Houlder, Joakim Hove, Denis Howe, Lars Ingebrigtsen, Andrew
+Innes, Seiichiro Inoue, Philip Jackson, Pavel Janik, Paul Jarc, Ulf
+Jasper, Michael K. Johnson, Kyle Jones, Terry Jones, Simon Josefsson,
+Arne J@o{}rgensen, Tomoji Kagatani, Brewster Kahle, Tokuya Kameshima,
+Lute Kamstra, David Kastrup, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Taichi
+Kawabata, Howard Kaye, Michael Kifer, Richard King, Peter Kleiweg, Karel
+Kl@'{@dotless{i}}@v{c}, Shuhei Kobayashi, Pavel Kobiakov, Larry K.@:
+Kolodney, David M.@: Koppelman, Koseki Yoshinori, Robert Krawitz,
+Sebastian Kremer, Ryszard Kubiak, David K@aa{}gedal, Daniel LaLiberte,
+Karl Landstrom, Mario Lang, Aaron Larson, James R.@: Larus, Vinicius
+Jose Latorre, Werner Lemberg, Frederic Lepied, Peter Liljenberg, Lars
+Lindberg, Chris Lindblad, Anders Lindgren, Thomas Link, Juri Linkov,
+Francis Litterio, Emilio C. Lopes, K@'{a}roly L@H{o}rentey, Dave Love,
+Sascha L@"{u}decke, Eric Ludlam, Alan Mackenzie, Christopher J.@:
+Madsen, Neil M.@: Mager, Ken Manheimer, Bill Mann, Brian Marick, Simon
+Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie Martin, Thomas May, Roland McGrath,
+Will Mengarini, David Megginson, Ben A. Mesander, Wayne Mesard, Brad
+Miller, Lawrence Mitchell, Richard Mlynarik, Gerd Moellmann, Stefan
+Monnier, Morioka Tomohiko, Keith Moore, Jan Moringen, Glenn Morris,
+Diane Murray, Sen Nagata, Erik Naggum, Thomas Neumann, Thien-Thi Nguyen,
+Mike Newton, Jurgen Nickelsen, Dan Nicolaescu, Hrvoje Niksic, Jeff
+Norden, Andrew Norman, Alexandre Oliva, Bob Olson, Michael Olson,
+Takaaki Ota, Pieter E.@: J.@: Pareit, Ross Patterson, David Pearson,
Jeff Peck, Damon Anton Permezel, Tom Perrine, William M.@: Perry, Per
Persson, Jens Petersen, Daniel Pfeiffer, Richard L.@: Pieri, Fred
Pierresteguy, Christian Plaunt, David Ponce, Francesco A.@: Potorti,
Michael D. Prange, Mukesh Prasad, Ken Raeburn, Marko Rahamaa, Ashwin
Ram, Eric S. Raymond, Paul Reilly, Edward M. Reingold, Alex Rezinsky,
Rob Riepel, David Reitter, Adrian Robert, Nick Roberts, Roland B.@:
-Roberts, John Robinson, Danny Roozendaal, William Rosenblatt,
-Guillermo J.@: Rozas, Martin Rudalics, Ivar Rummelhoff, Jason Rumney,
-Wolfgang Rupprecht, Kevin Ryde, James B. Salem, Masahiko Sato, Jorgen
-Schaefer, Holger Schauer, William Schelter, Ralph Schleicher, Gregor
-Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald S. Schnell, Philippe Schnoebelen, Jan
-Schormann, Alex Schroeder, Stephen Schoef, Raymond Scholz, Andreas
-Schwab, Randal Schwartz, Oliver Seidel, Manuel Serrano, Hovav Shacham,
-Stanislav Shalunov, Marc Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin Shivers, Espen
-Skoglund, Rick Sladkey, Lynn Slater, Chris Smith, David Smith, Paul
-D.@: Smith, Andre Spiegel, Michael Staats, William Sommerfeld, Michael
-Staats, Reiner Steib, Sam Steingold, Ake Stenhoff, Peter Stephenson,
-Ken Stevens, Jonathan Stigelman, Martin Stjernholm, Kim F.@: Storm,
-Steve Strassman, Olaf Sylvester, Naoto Takahashi, Steven Tamm,
-Jean-Philippe Theberge, Jens T.@: Berger Thielemann, Spencer Thomas,
-Jim Thompson, Luc Teirlinck, Tom Tromey, Enami Tsugutomo, Eli
-Tziperman, Daiki Ueno, Masanobu Umeda, Rajesh Vaidheeswarran, Neil
-W.@: Van Dyke, Didier Verna, Ulrik Vieth, Geoffrey Voelker, Johan
-Vromans, Inge Wallin, John Paul Wallington, Colin Walters, Barry
-Warsaw, Morten Welinder, Joseph Brian Wells, Rodney Whitby, John
-Wiegley, Ed Wilkinson, Mike Williams, Bill Wohler, Steven A. Wood,
-Dale R.@: Worley, Francis J.@: Wright, Felix S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler,
-Katsumi Yamaoka, Yamamoto Mitsuharu, Masatake Yamato, Jonathan Yavner,
-Ryan Yeske, Ilya Zakharevich, Milan Zamazal, Victor Zandy, Eli
-Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski, Shenghuo Zhu, Ian T.@: Zimmermann, Reto
-Zimmermann, Neal Ziring, Teodor Zlatanov, and Detlev Zundel.
+Roberts, John Robinson, Danny Roozendaal, Sebastian Rose, William
+Rosenblatt, Guillermo J.@: Rozas, Martin Rudalics, Ivar Rummelhoff,
+Jason Rumney, Wolfgang Rupprecht, Kevin Ryde, James B. Salem, Masahiko
+Sato, Jorgen Schaefer, Holger Schauer, William Schelter, Ralph
+Schleicher, Gregor Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald S. Schnell, Philippe
+Schnoebelen, Jan Schormann, Alex Schroeder, Stephen Schoef, Raymond
+Scholz, Eric Schulte, Andreas Schwab, Randal Schwartz, Oliver Seidel,
+Manuel Serrano, Paul Sexton, Hovav Shacham, Stanislav Shalunov, Marc
+Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin Shivers, Espen Skoglund, Rick Sladkey,
+Lynn Slater, Chris Smith, David Smith, Paul D.@: Smith, William
+Sommerfeld, Andre Spiegel, Michael Staats, Ulf Stegemann, Reiner Steib,
+Sam Steingold, Ake Stenhoff, Peter Stephenson, Ken Stevens, Andy Stewart,
+Jonathan Stigelman, Martin Stjernholm, Kim F.@: Storm, Steve Strassman,
+Olaf Sylvester, Naoto Takahashi, Steven Tamm, Jean-Philippe Theberge,
+Jens T.@: Berger Thielemann, Spencer Thomas, Jim Thompson, Luc
+Teirlinck, David O'Toole, Tom Tromey, Enami Tsugutomo, Eli Tziperman,
+Daiki Ueno, Masanobu Umeda, Rajesh Vaidheeswarran, Neil W.@: Van Dyke,
+Didier Verna, Joakim Verona, Ulrik Vieth, Geoffrey Voelker, Johan
+Vromans, Inge Wallin, John Paul Wallington, Colin Walters, Barry Warsaw,
+Morten Welinder, Joseph Brian Wells, Rodney Whitby, John Wiegley, Ed
+Wilkinson, Mike Williams, Bill Wohler, Steven A. Wood, Dale R.@: Worley,
+Francis J.@: Wright, Felix S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler, Katsumi Yamaoka,
+Yamamoto Mitsuharu, Masatake Yamato, Jonathan Yavner, Ryan Yeske, Ilya
+Zakharevich, Milan Zamazal, Victor Zandy, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski,
+Shenghuo Zhu, Piotr Zielinski, Ian T.@: Zimmermann, Reto Zimmermann,
+Neal Ziring, Teodor Zlatanov, and Detlev Zundel.
@end iftex
@node Intro, Glossary, Distrib, Top
We call Emacs @dfn{advanced} because it can do much more than simple
insertion and deletion of text. It can control subprocesses, indent
-programs automatically, show two or more files at once, and more.
+programs automatically, show multiple files at once, and more.
Emacs editing commands operate in terms of characters, words, lines,
sentences, paragraphs, and pages, as well as expressions and comments
in various programming languages.
@include search.texi
@include fixit.texi
@include kmacro.texi
+@c Includes arevert-xtra.
@include files.texi
@include buffers.texi
@include windows.texi
@include major.texi
@include indent.texi
@include text.texi
+@c Includes fortran-xtra.
@include programs.texi
@include building.texi
+@c Includes vc1-xtra, emerge-xtra.
@include maintaining.texi
@include abbrevs.texi
@ifnottex
@end ifnottex
@include sending.texi
@include rmail.texi
+@c Includes dired-xtra.
@include dired.texi
+@c Includes cal-xtra.
@include calendar.texi
@include misc.texi
@include custom.texi
@include anti.texi
@include macos.texi
+@c Includes msdog-xtra.
@include msdog.texi
@include gnu.texi
@include glossary.texi
@printindex cp
@bye
-
-@ignore
- arch-tag: ed48740a-410b-46ea-9387-c9a9252a3392
-@end ignore
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff