This is the @value{EDITION} edition of the @cite{GNU Emacs Manual},@*
updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1985-1987, 1993-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1985-1987, 1993-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
* Emacs Invocation:: Hairy startup options.
* X Resources:: X resources for customizing Emacs.
-* Antinews:: Information about Emacs version 22.
+* Antinews:: Information about Emacs version 23.
* Mac OS / GNUstep:: Using Emacs under Mac OS and GNUstep.
* Microsoft Windows:: Using Emacs on Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS.
* Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
and call functions.
* Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs.
* Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments.
-* Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
* Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses.
* Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login.
* Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
* Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general).
* Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs.
-* Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces.
* Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus.
* LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
* GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets.
GTK resources
-* GTK widget names:: How widgets in GTK are named in general.
-* GTK Names in Emacs:: GTK widget names in Emacs.
+* GTK Resource Basics:: Basic usage of GTK+ resources.
+* GTK Widget Names:: How GTK+ widgets are named.
+* GTK Names in Emacs:: GTK+ widgets used by Emacs.
* GTK styles:: What can be customized in a GTK widget.
Emacs and Mac OS / GNUstep
@unnumbered Distribution
GNU Emacs is @dfn{free software}; this means that everyone is free to
-use it and free to redistribute it on certain conditions. GNU Emacs
+use it and free to redistribute it under certain conditions. GNU Emacs
is not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are
restrictions on its distribution, but these restrictions are designed
to permit everything that a good cooperating citizen would want to do.
any version of GNU Emacs that they might get from you. The precise
conditions are found in the GNU General Public License that comes with
Emacs and also appears in this manual@footnote{This manual is itself
-covered by the GNU Free Documentation License (see the reverse title
-page in the printed manual or view the full source for online formats
-to see the precise conditions). This license is similar in spirit to
-the General Public License, but is more suitable for documentation.
-@xref{GNU Free Documentation License}.}. @xref{Copying}.
+covered by the GNU Free Documentation License. This license is
+similar in spirit to the General Public License, but is more suitable
+for documentation. @xref{GNU Free Documentation License}.}.
+@xref{Copying}.
One way to get a copy of GNU Emacs is from someone else who has it.
You need not ask for our permission to do so, or tell any one else;
General Public License. In other words, the program must be free for you
when you get it, not just free for the manufacturer.
-@c FIXME no longer true?
-You can also order copies of GNU Emacs from the Free Software
-Foundation. This is a convenient and reliable way to get a copy; it is
-also a good way to help fund our work. We also sell hardcopy versions
-of this manual and @cite{An Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp},
-by Robert J. Chassell. You can visit our online store at
-@url{http://shop.fsf.org/}. For further information,
-write to
+If you find GNU Emacs useful, please @strong{send a donation} to the
+Free Software Foundation to support our work. Donations to the Free
+Software Foundation are tax deductible in the US. If you use GNU Emacs
+at your workplace, please suggest that the company make a donation.
+For more information on how you can help, see
+@url{http://www.gnu.org/help/help.html}.
+
+We also sell hardcopy versions of this manual and @cite{An
+Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp}, by Robert J.@: Chassell.
+You can visit our online store at @url{http://shop.fsf.org/}.
+The income from sales goes to support the foundation's purpose: the
+development of new free software, and improvements to our existing
+programs including GNU Emacs.
+
+If you need to contact the Free Software Foundation, see
+@url{http://www.fsf.org/about/contact/}, or write to
@display
Free Software Foundation
USA
@end display
-The income from sales goes to support the foundation's purpose: the
-development of new free software, and improvements to our existing
-programs including GNU Emacs.
-
-@c FIXME you can't order a CD any more.
-If you find GNU Emacs useful, please @strong{send a donation} to the
-Free Software Foundation to support our work. Donations to the Free
-Software Foundation are tax deductible in the US. If you use GNU Emacs
-at your workplace, please suggest that the company make a donation. If
-company policy is unsympathetic to the idea of donating to charity, you
-might instead suggest ordering a CD-ROM from the Foundation
-occasionally, or subscribing to periodic updates.
-
@iftex
@node Acknowledgments, Intro, Distrib, Top
@unnumberedsec Acknowledgments
Contributors to GNU Emacs include Jari Aalto, Per Abrahamsen, Tomas
-Abrahamsson, Jay K.@: Adams, Michael Albinus, Nagy Andras, Ralf Angeli,
-Joe Arceneaux, Miles Bader, David Bakhash, Juanma Barranquero, Eli
-Barzilay, Thomas Baumann, Steven L.@: Baur, Jay Belanger, Alexander L.@:
-Belikoff, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Karl Berry, Anna M.@: Bigatti, Ray Blaak, Jim
-Blandy, Johan Bockgård, Jan Böcker, Lennart Borgman, Per Bothner,
-Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, Peter Breton, Emmanuel Briot, Kevin
-Broadey, Vincent Broman, David M.@: Brown, Georges Brun-Cottan, Joe
-Buehler, W@l{}odek Bzyl, Bill Carpenter, Per Cederqvist, Hans Chalupsky,
-Chong Yidong, Chris Chase, Bob Chassell, Andrew Choi, Sacha Chua, James
-Clark, Mike Clarkson, Glynn Clements, Daniel Colascione, Andrew Csillag,
+Abrahamsson, Jay K.@: Adams, Michael Albinus, Nagy Andras, Ralf
+Angeli, Joe Arceneaux, Miles Bader, David Bakhash, Juanma Barranquero,
+Eli Barzilay, Thomas Baumann, Steven L.@: Baur, Jay Belanger,
+Alexander L.@: Belikoff, Thomas Bellman, Scott Bender, Boaz Ben-Zvi,
+Sergey Berezin, Karl Berry, Anna M.@: Bigatti, Ray Blaak, Martin
+Blais, Jim Blandy, Johan Bockgård, Jan Böcker, Lennart Borgman, Per
+Bothner, Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, Peter Breton, Emmanuel Briot,
+Kevin Broadey, Vincent Broman, Michael Brouwer, David M.@: Brown,
+Georges Brun-Cottan, Joe Buehler, W@l{}odek Bzyl, Bill Carpenter, Per
+Cederqvist, Hans Chalupsky, Chong Yidong, Chris Chase, Bob Chassell,
+Andrew Choi, Sacha Chua, James Clark, Mike Clarkson, Glynn Clements,
+Andrew Cohen, Daniel Colascione, Ludovic Courtès, Andrew Csillag,
Baoqiu Cui, Doug Cutting, Mathias Dahl, Julien Danjou, Satyaki Das,
-Vivek Dasmohapatra, Michael DeCorte, Gary Delp, Matthieu Devin, Eri
-Ding, Jan Djärv, Carsten Dominik, Scott Draves, Benjamin Drieu,
-Viktor Dukhovni, Dmitry Dzhus, John Eaton, Rolf Ebert, Paul Eggert,
-Stephen Eglen, Torbjörn Einarsson, Tsugutomo Enami, Hans Henrik
+Vivek Dasmohapatra, Michael DeCorte, Gary Delp, Matthieu Devin,
+Christophe de Dinechin, Eri Ding, Jan Djärv, Carsten Dominik, Scott
+Draves, Benjamin Drieu, Viktor Dukhovni, Dmitry Dzhus, John Eaton,
+Rolf Ebert, Carl Edman, David Edmondson, Paul Eggert, Stephen Eglen,
+Torbjörn Einarsson, Tsugutomo Enami, David Engster, Hans Henrik
Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi, Frederick Farnbach, Oscar
Figueiredo, Fred Fish, Karl Fogel, Gary Foster, Romain Francoise, Noah
-Friedman, Andreas Fuchs, Hallvard Furuseth, Keith Gabryelski, Peter S.@:
-Galbraith, Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo, Juan León Lahoz
-García, Howard Gayle, Daniel German, Stephen Gildea,
-Julien Gilles, David Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Deepak Goel, Boris
-Goldowsky, Michelangelo Grigni, Odd Gripenstam, Kai Großjohann,
-Michael Gschwind, Bastien Guerry, Henry Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Ken'ichi
-Handa, Lars Hansen, Chris Hanson, K. Shane Hartman, John Heidemann, Jon
-K.@: Hellan, Jesper Harder, Magnus Henoch, Markus Heritsch, Karl Heuer,
+Friedman, Andreas Fuchs, Shigeru Fukaya, Hallvard Furuseth, Keith
+Gabryelski, Peter S.@: Galbraith, Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo, Juan
+León Lahoz García, Howard Gayle, Daniel German, Stephen Gildea, Julien
+Gilles, David Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Deepak Goel, Boris Goldowsky,
+David Goodger, Michelangelo Grigni, Odd Gripenstam, Kai Großjohann,
+Michael Gschwind, Bastien Guerry, Henry Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Bruno
+Haible, Ken'ichi Handa, Lars Hansen, Chris Hanson, Jesper Harder,
+Alexandru Harsanyi, K.@: Shane Hartman, John Heidemann, Jon K.@:
+Hellan, Magnus Henoch, Markus Heritsch, Dirk Herrmann, Karl Heuer,
Manabu Higashida, Anders Holst, Jeffrey C.@: Honig, Tassilo Horn, Kurt
-Hornik, Tom Houlder, Joakim Hove, Denis Howe, Lars Ingebrigtsen, Andrew
-Innes, Seiichiro Inoue, Philip Jackson, Pavel Janik, Paul Jarc, Ulf
-Jasper, Michael K. Johnson, Kyle Jones, Terry Jones, Simon Josefsson,
-Arne Jørgensen, Tomoji Kagatani, Brewster Kahle, Tokuya Kameshima,
-Lute Kamstra, David Kastrup, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Taichi
-Kawabata, Howard Kaye, Michael Kifer, Richard King, Peter Kleiweg, Karel
-Klí@v{c}, Shuhei Kobayashi, Pavel Kobiakov, Larry K.@:
-Kolodney, David M.@: Koppelman, Koseki Yoshinori, Robert Krawitz,
-Sebastian Kremer, Ryszard Kubiak, David Kågedal, Daniel LaLiberte,
-Karl Landstrom, Mario Lang, Aaron Larson, James R.@: Larus, Vinicius
-Jose Latorre, Werner Lemberg, Frederic Lepied, Peter Liljenberg, Lars
-Lindberg, Chris Lindblad, Anders Lindgren, Thomas Link, Juri Linkov,
-Francis Litterio, Emilio C. Lopes, Károly L@H{o}rentey, Dave Love,
-Sascha Lüdecke, Eric Ludlam, Alan Mackenzie, Christopher J.@:
+Hornik, Tom Houlder, Joakim Hove, Denis Howe, Lars Ingebrigtsen,
+Andrew Innes, Seiichiro Inoue, Philip Jackson, Pavel Janik, Paul Jarc,
+Ulf Jasper, Michael K.@: Johnson, Kyle Jones, Terry Jones, Simon
+Josefsson, Alexandre Julliard, Arne Jørgensen, Tomoji Kagatani,
+Brewster Kahle, Tokuya Kameshima, Lute Kamstra, Ivan Kanis, David
+Kastrup, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Taichi Kawabata, Taro Kawagishi,
+Howard Kaye, Michael Kifer, Richard King, Peter Kleiweg, Karel
+Klí@v{c}, Shuhei Kobayashi, Pavel Kobyakov, Larry K.@: Kolodney, David
+M.@: Koppelman, Koseki Yoshinori, Robert Krawitz, Sebastian Kremer,
+Ryszard Kubiak, Igor Kuzmin, David Kågedal, Daniel LaLiberte, Karl
+Landstrom, Mario Lang, Aaron Larson, James R.@: Larus, Vinicius Jose
+Latorre, Werner Lemberg, Frederic Lepied, Peter Liljenberg, Christian
+Limpach, Lars Lindberg, Chris Lindblad, Anders Lindgren, Thomas Link,
+Juri Linkov, Francis Litterio, Emilio C.@: Lopes, Károly L@H{o}rentey,
+Martin Lorentzon, Dave Love, Sascha Lüdecke, Eric Ludlam, Greg McGary,
+Roland McGrath, Michael McNamara, Alan Mackenzie, Christopher J.@:
Madsen, Neil M.@: Mager, Ken Manheimer, Bill Mann, Brian Marick, Simon
-Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie Martin, Thomas May, Roland McGrath,
-Will Mengarini, David Megginson, Ben A. Mesander, Wayne Mesard, Brad
-Miller, Lawrence Mitchell, Richard Mlynarik, Gerd Moellmann, Stefan
-Monnier, Morioka Tomohiko, Keith Moore, Jan Moringen, Glenn Morris,
-Diane Murray, Sen Nagata, Erik Naggum, Thomas Neumann, Thien-Thi Nguyen,
+Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie Martin, Yukihiro Matsumoto, Thomas
+May, Will Mengarini, David Megginson, Stefan Merten, Ben A.@:
+Mesander, Wayne Mesard, Brad Miller, Lawrence Mitchell, Richard
+Mlynarik, Gerd Moellmann, Stefan Monnier, Morioka Tomohiko, Keith
+Moore, Jan Moringen, Glenn Morris, Diane Murray, Sen Nagata, Gergely
+Nagy, Erik Naggum, Nobuyoshi Nakada, Thomas Neumann, Thien-Thi Nguyen,
Mike Newton, Jurgen Nickelsen, Dan Nicolaescu, Hrvoje Niksic, Jeff
-Norden, Andrew Norman, Christian Ohler, Alexandre Oliva, Bob Olson,
-Michael Olson, Takaaki Ota, Pieter E.@: J.@: Pareit, Ross Patterson,
-David Pearson, Jeff Peck, Damon Anton Permezel, Tom Perrine, William
-M.@: Perry, Per Persson, Jens Petersen, Daniel Pfeiffer, Richard L.@:
-Pieri, Fred Pierresteguy, Christian Plaunt, David Ponce, Francesco A.@:
-Potorti, Michael D. Prange, Mukesh Prasad, Ken Raeburn, Marko Rahamaa,
-Ashwin Ram, Eric S. Raymond, Paul Reilly, Edward M. Reingold, Alex
-Rezinsky, Rob Riepel, David Reitter, Adrian Robert, Nick Roberts, Roland
-B.@: Roberts, John Robinson, Danny Roozendaal, Sebastian Rose, William
-Rosenblatt, Guillermo J.@: Rozas, Martin Rudalics, Ivar Rummelhoff,
-Jason Rumney, Wolfgang Rupprecht, Kevin Ryde, James B. Salem, Masahiko
-Sato, Jorgen Schaefer, Holger Schauer, William Schelter, Ralph
-Schleicher, Gregor Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald S. Schnell, Philippe
-Schnoebelen, Jan Schormann, Alex Schroeder, Stephen Schoef, Raymond
+Norden, Andrew Norman, Edward O'Connor, Kentaro Ohkouchi, Christian
+Ohler, Alexandre Oliva, Bob Olson, Michael Olson, Takaaki Ota, Pieter
+E.@: J.@: Pareit, Ross Patterson, David Pearson, Jeff Peck, Damon
+Anton Permezel, Tom Perrine, William M.@: Perry, Per Persson, Jens
+Petersen, Daniel Pfeiffer, Richard L.@: Pieri, Fred Pierresteguy,
+François Pinard, Christian Plaunt, David Ponce, Francesco A.@:
+Potorti, Michael D.@: Prange, Mukesh Prasad, Ken Raeburn, Marko
+Rahamaa, Ashwin Ram, Eric S.@: Raymond, Paul Reilly, Edward M.@:
+Reingold, Alex Rezinsky, Rob Riepel, David Reitter, Adrian Robert,
+Nick Roberts, Roland B.@: Roberts, John Robinson, Danny Roozendaal,
+Sebastian Rose, William Rosenblatt, Markus Rost, Guillermo J.@: Rozas,
+Martin Rudalics, Ivar Rummelhoff, Jason Rumney, Wolfgang Rupprecht,
+Kevin Ryde, James B.@: Salem, Masahiko Sato, Timo Savola, Jorgen
+Schaefer, Holger Schauer, William Schelter, Ralph Schleicher, Gregor
+Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald S.@: Schnell, Philippe Schnoebelen,
+Jan Schormann, Alex Schroeder, Rainer Schoepf, Stefan Schoef, Raymond
Scholz, Eric Schulte, Andreas Schwab, Randal Schwartz, Oliver Seidel,
Manuel Serrano, Paul Sexton, Hovav Shacham, Stanislav Shalunov, Marc
-Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin Shivers, Espen Skoglund, Rick Sladkey,
-Lynn Slater, Chris Smith, David Smith, Paul D.@: Smith, William
-Sommerfeld, Andre Spiegel, Michael Staats, Ulf Stegemann, Reiner Steib,
-Sam Steingold, Ake Stenhoff, Peter Stephenson, Ken Stevens, Andy Stewart,
-Jonathan Stigelman, Martin Stjernholm, Kim F.@: Storm, Steve Strassmann,
-Olaf Sylvester, Naoto Takahashi, Steven Tamm, Jean-Philippe Theberge,
-Jens T.@: Berger Thielemann, Spencer Thomas, Jim Thompson, Luc
-Teirlinck, David O'Toole, Tom Tromey, Enami Tsugutomo, Eli Tziperman,
-Daiki Ueno, Masanobu Umeda, Rajesh Vaidheeswarran, Neil W.@: Van Dyke,
-Didier Verna, Joakim Verona, Ulrik Vieth, Geoffrey Voelker, Johan
-Vromans, Inge Wallin, John Paul Wallington, Colin Walters, Barry Warsaw,
-Morten Welinder, Joseph Brian Wells, Rodney Whitby, John Wiegley, Ed
-Wilkinson, Mike Williams, Bill Wohler, Steven A. Wood, Dale R.@: Worley,
-Francis J.@: Wright, Felix S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler, Katsumi Yamaoka,
+Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin Shivers, Tibor @v{S}imko, Espen
+Skoglund, Rick Sladkey, Lynn Slater, Chris Smith, David Smith, Paul
+D.@: Smith, Wilson Snyder, William Sommerfeld, Andre Spiegel, Michael
+Staats, Ulf Stegemann, Reiner Steib, Sam Steingold, Ake Stenhoff,
+Peter Stephenson, Ken Stevens, Andy Stewart, Jonathan Stigelman,
+Martin Stjernholm, Kim F.@: Storm, Steve Strassmann, Olaf Sylvester,
+Naoto Takahashi, Steven Tamm, Luc Teirlinck, Jean-Philippe Theberge,
+Jens T.@: Berger Thielemann, Spencer Thomas, Jim Thompson, Toru
+Tomabechi, David O'Toole, Markus Triska, Tom Tromey, Enami Tsugutomo,
+Eli Tziperman, Daiki Ueno, Masanobu Umeda, Rajesh Vaidheeswarran, Neil
+W.@: Van Dyke, Didier Verna, Joakim Verona, Ulrik Vieth, Geoffrey
+Voelker, Johan Vromans, Inge Wallin, John Paul Wallington, Colin
+Walters, Barry Warsaw, Christoph Wedler, Morten Welinder, Joseph Brian
+Wells, Rodney Whitby, John Wiegley, Ed Wilkinson, Mike Williams,
+Roland Winkler, Bill Wohler, Steven A.@: Wood, Dale R.@: Worley,
+Francis J.@: Wright, Felix S.@: T.@: Wu, Tom Wurgler, Katsumi Yamaoka,
Yamamoto Mitsuharu, Masatake Yamato, Jonathan Yavner, Ryan Yeske, Ilya
-Zakharevich, Milan Zamazal, Victor Zandy, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski,
-Shenghuo Zhu, Piotr Zielinski, Ian T.@: Zimmermann, Reto Zimmermann,
-Neal Ziring, Teodor Zlatanov, and Detlev Zundel.
+Zakharevich, Milan Zamazal, Victor Zandy, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie
+Zawinski, Andrew Zhilin, Shenghuo Zhu, Piotr Zielinski, Ian T.@:
+Zimmermann, Reto Zimmermann, Neal Ziring, Teodor Zlatanov, and Detlev
+Zundel.
@end iftex
@node Intro, Glossary, Distrib, Top
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff