@setfilename ../../info/calc
@c [title]
@settitle GNU Emacs Calc Manual
+@documentencoding UTF-8
@setchapternewpage odd
@comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
GNU Emacs @value{EMACSVER}.
@end ifnotinfo
-Copyright @copyright{} 1990--1991, 2001--2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1990--1991, 2001--2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@c [begin]
@ifnottex
@node Top, Getting Started, (dir), (dir)
-@chapter The GNU Emacs Calculator
+@top The GNU Emacs Calculator
@noindent
@dfn{Calc} is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool
leaving the first, third, fourth, and so on; @kbd{M-3 M-@key{DEL}} deletes
the third stack element.
+The above commands do not depend on the location of the cursor.
+If the customizable variable @code{calc-context-sensitive-enter} is
+non-@code{nil} (@pxref{Customizing Calc}), these commands will become
+context sensitive. For example, instead of duplicating the top of the stack,
+@key{RET} will copy the element at the cursor to the top of the
+stack. With a positive numeric prefix, a copy of the element at the
+cursor and the appropriate number of preceding elements will be placed
+at the top of the stack. A negative prefix will still duplicate the
+specified element of the stack regardless of the cursor position.
+Similarly, @key{DEL} will remove the corresponding elements from the
+stack.
+
@kindex @key{TAB}
@pindex calc-roll-down
To exchange the top two elements of the stack, press @key{TAB}
$$ a_{i+1} = { a_i + b_i \over 2 } , \qquad b_{i+1} = \sqrt{a_i b_i} $$
@end tex
-@cindex Root-mean-square
-Another commonly used mean, the RMS (root-mean-square), can be computed
-for a vector of numbers simply by using the @kbd{A} command.
+@c @cindex Root-mean-square
+@c Another commonly used mean, the RMS (root-mean-square), can be computed
+@c for a vector of numbers simply by using the @kbd{A} command.
@kindex u S
@pindex calc-vector-sdev
If the units you request are inconsistent with the original units, the
number will be converted into your units times whatever ``remainder''
-units are left over. For example, converting @samp{55 mph} into acres
+units are left over. (This can be disabled; @pxref{Customizing Calc}.)
+For example, converting @samp{55 mph} into acres
produces @samp{6.08e-3 acre / m s}. (Recall that multiplication binds
more strongly than division in Calc formulas, so the units here are
acres per meter-second.) Remainder units are expressed in terms of
The ``remainder unit'' @samp{cm} is left alone rather than being
changed to the base unit @samp{m}.
-If you want to disallow using inconsistent units, you can set the
-customizable variable @code{calc-ensure-consistent-units} to @code{t}
-(@pxref{Customizing Calc}). In this case, if you request units which
-are inconsistent with the original units, you will be warned about it
-and no conversion will occur.
-
You can use explicit unit conversion instead of the @kbd{u s} command
to gain more control over the units of the result of an expression.
For example, given @samp{5 m + 23 mm}, you can type @kbd{u c m} or
to have, then for the new units. (If the value on the stack can be
simplified so that it doesn't contain any units, like @samp{ft/in} can
be simplified to 12, then @kbd{u c} will still prompt for both old
-units and new units. You can ignore the prompt for old units with
-@key{RET}, or turn off the prompt by setting the customizable variable
-@code{calc-allow-units-as-numbers} to @code{nil}.
-@pxref{Customizing Calc}) Assuming the old and new units you give are
+units and new units. Assuming the old and new units you give are
consistent with each other, the result also will not contain any
units. For example, @kbd{@w{u c} cm @key{RET} in @key{RET}} converts
the number 2 on the stack to 5.08.
based on a fundamental physical process (although there are efforts to
change this) is the kilogram, which was originally defined as the mass
of one liter of water, but is now defined as the mass of the
-International Prototype Kilogram (IPK), a cylinder of platinum-iridium
-kept at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures in S@`evres,
+international prototype of the kilogram (IPK), a cylinder of platinum-iridium
+kept at the Bureau international des poids et mesures in S@`evres,
France. (There are several copies of the IPK throughout the world.)
The British imperial units, once defined in terms of physical objects,
were redefined in 1963 in terms of SI units. The US customary units,
which is not a Lisp list.
Large integers are stored as lists of the form @samp{(bigpos @var{d0}
-@var{d1} @var{d2} @dots{})} for positive integers 1000000 or more, or
-@samp{(bigneg @var{d0} @var{d1} @var{d2} @dots{})} for negative integers
-@mathit{-1000000} or less. Each @var{d} is a base-1000 ``digit,'' a Lisp integer
-from 0 to 999. The least significant digit is @var{d0}; the last digit,
+@var{d1} @var{d2} @dots{})} for sufficiently large positive integers
+(where ``sufficiently large'' depends on the machine), or
+@samp{(bigneg @var{d0} @var{d1} @var{d2} @dots{})} for negative
+integers. Each @var{d} is a base-@expr{10^n} ``digit'' (where again,
+@expr{n} depends on the machine), a Lisp integer from 0 to
+99@dots{}9. The least significant digit is @var{d0}; the last digit,
@var{dn}, which is always nonzero, is the most significant digit. For
-example, the integer @mathit{-12345678} is stored as @samp{(bigneg 678 345 12)}.
+example, the integer @mathit{-12345678} might be stored as
+@samp{(bigneg 678 345 12)}.
The distinction between small and large integers is entirely hidden from
the user. In @code{defmath} definitions, the Lisp predicate @code{integerp}
is @code{nil}.
@end defvar
-@defvar calc-allow-units-as-numbers
-When converting units, the variable @code{calc-allow-units-as-numbers}
-determines whether or not values which can be simplified so that
-they don't contain units (such as @samp{ft/in} can be simplified to 12)
-can be regarded as not containing units. If
-@code{calc-allow-units-as-numbers} is non-@code{nil}, then @kbd{u c}
-will prompt for both old units and new units when converting an expression
-like @samp{ft/in}, otherwise @kbd{u c} will only prompt for the new units.
-The default value of @code{calc-allow-units-as-numbers} is @code{t}.
+@defvar calc-context-sensitive-enter
+The commands @code{calc-enter} and @code{calc-pop} will typically
+duplicate the top of the stack. If
+@code{calc-context-sensitive-enter} is non-@code{nil}, then the
+@code{calc-enter} will copy the element at the cursor to the
+top of the stack and @code{calc-pop} will delete the element at the
+cursor. The default value of @code{calc-context-sensitive-enter} is
+@code{nil}.
@end defvar
@defvar calc-undo-length
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff