@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2000-2012
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2000-2013 Free Software
+@c Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@iftex
@chapter Miscellaneous Commands
@dfn{group buffer}, the @dfn{summary buffer} and the @dfn{article
buffer}.
- The @dfn{group buffer} contains a list of article sources (e.g.@:
+ The @dfn{group buffer} contains a list of article sources (e.g.,
newsgroups and email inboxes), which are collectively referred to as
@dfn{groups}. This is the first buffer Gnus displays when it starts
up. It normally displays only the groups to which you subscribe and
@cindex unsubscribe groups
@item u
Toggle the subscription status of the group on the current line
-(i.e.@: turn a subscribed group into an unsubscribed group, or vice
+(i.e., turn a subscribed group into an unsubscribed group, or vice
versa). Invoking this on a killed or zombie group turns it into an
unsubscribed group.
select the slice.
@c ??? How does this work?
+ The most convenient way is to set the optimal slice by using
+BoundingBox information automatically determined from the document by
+typing @kbd{s b} (@code{doc-view-set-slice-using-mouse}).
+
@findex doc-view-reset-slice
To cancel the selected slice, type @kbd{s r}
(@code{doc-view-reset-slice}). Then DocView shows the entire page
type @kbd{M-! gunzip foo.gz @key{RET}}. That shell command normally
creates the file @file{foo} and produces no terminal output.
- A numeric argument to @code{shell-command}, e.g.@: @kbd{M-1 M-!},
+ A numeric argument to @code{shell-command}, e.g., @kbd{M-1 M-!},
causes it to insert terminal output into the current buffer instead of
a separate buffer. It puts point before the output, and sets the mark
after the output. For instance, @kbd{M-1 M-! gunzip < foo.gz
You can also type @kbd{M-&} (@code{async-shell-command}) to execute a
shell command asynchronously; this is exactly like calling @kbd{M-!}
with a trailing @samp{&}, except that you do not need the @samp{&}.
-The output buffer for asynchronous shell commands is named
+The default output buffer for asynchronous shell commands is named
@samp{*Async Shell Command*}. Emacs inserts the output into this
buffer as it comes in, whether or not the buffer is visible in a
window.
+@vindex async-shell-command-buffer
+ If you want to run more than one asynchronous shell command at the
+same time, they could end up competing for the output buffer. The
+option @code{async-shell-command-buffer} specifies what to do about
+this; e.g., whether to rename the pre-existing output buffer, or to
+use a different buffer for the new command. Consult the variable's
+documentation for more possibilities.
+
@kindex M-|
@findex shell-command-on-region
@kbd{M-|} (@code{shell-command-on-region}) is like @kbd{M-!}, but
While the subshell is waiting or running a command, you can switch
windows or buffers and perform other editing in Emacs. Emacs inserts
the output from the subshell into the Shell buffer whenever it has
-time to process it (e.g.@: while waiting for keyboard input).
+time to process it (e.g., while waiting for keyboard input).
@cindex @code{comint-highlight-input} face
@cindex @code{comint-highlight-prompt} face
@xref{Faces}.
To make multiple subshells, invoke @kbd{M-x shell} with a prefix
-argument (e.g. @kbd{C-u M-x shell}). Then the command will read a
+argument (e.g., @kbd{C-u M-x shell}). Then the command will read a
buffer name, and create (or reuse) a subshell in that buffer. You can
also rename the @file{*shell*} buffer using @kbd{M-x rename-uniquely},
then create a new @file{*shell*} buffer using plain @kbd{M-x shell}.
@cindex @env{EMACS} environment variable
Emacs sets the environment variable @env{INSIDE_EMACS} in the
subshell to @samp{@var{version},comint}, where @var{version} is the
-Emacs version (e.g.@: @samp{24.1}). Programs can check this variable
+Emacs version (e.g., @samp{24.1}). Programs can check this variable
to determine whether they are running inside an Emacs subshell. (It
also sets the @env{EMACS} environment variable to @code{t}, if that
environment variable is not already defined. However, this
@subsection Emacs Terminal Emulator
@findex term
- To run a subshell in a terminal emulator, use @kbd{M-x term}. This
-creates (or reuses) a buffer named @file{*terminal*}, and runs a
+ To run a subshell in a text terminal emulator, use @kbd{M-x term}.
+This creates (or reuses) a buffer named @file{*terminal*}, and runs a
subshell with input coming from your keyboard, and output going to
that buffer.
+@cindex line mode @r{(terminal emulator)}
+@cindex char mode @r{(terminal emulator)}
The terminal emulator uses Term mode, which has two input modes. In
-line mode, Term basically acts like Shell mode (@pxref{Shell Mode}).
-
- In char mode, each character is sent directly to the subshell, as
-``terminal input''. Any ``echoing'' of your input is the
-responsibility of the subshell. The sole exception is the terminal
-escape character, which by default is @kbd{C-c} (@pxref{Term Mode}).
-Any ``terminal output'' from the subshell goes into the buffer,
-advancing point.
+@dfn{line mode}, Term basically acts like Shell mode (@pxref{Shell
+Mode}). In @dfn{char mode}, each character is sent directly to the
+subshell, as terminal input; the sole exception is the terminal escape
+character, which by default is @kbd{C-c} (@pxref{Term Mode}). Any
+echoing of your input is the responsibility of the subshell; any
+terminal output from the subshell goes into the buffer, advancing
+point.
Some programs (such as Emacs itself) need to control the appearance
-on the terminal screen in detail. They do this by sending special
-control codes. The exact control codes needed vary from terminal to
-terminal, but nowadays most terminals and terminal emulators
-(including @code{xterm}) understand the ANSI-standard (VT100-style)
-escape sequences. Term mode recognizes these escape sequences, and
-handles each one appropriately, changing the buffer so that the
-appearance of the window matches what it would be on a real terminal.
-You can actually run Emacs inside an Emacs Term window.
+of the terminal screen in detail. They do this by emitting special
+control codes. Term mode recognizes and handles ANSI-standard
+VT100-style escape sequences, which are accepted by most modern
+terminals, including @command{xterm}. (Hence, you can actually run
+Emacs inside an Emacs Term window.)
+
+ The @code{term} face specifies the default appearance of text
+in the terminal emulator (the default is the same appearance as the
+@code{default} face). When terminal control codes are used to change
+the appearance of text, these are represented in the terminal emulator
+by the faces @code{term-color-black}, @code{term-color-red},
+@code{term-color-green}, @code{term-color-yellow}
+@code{term-color-blue}, @code{term-color-magenta},
+@code{term-color-cyan}, @code{term-color-white},
+@code{term-color-underline}, and @code{term-color-bold}.
+@xref{Faces}.
You can also Term mode to communicate with a device connected to a
serial port. @xref{Serial Terminal}.
directory is. This is done automatically by @code{bash} version 1.15
and later.
+
+
+
@node Term Mode
@subsection Term Mode
@cindex Term mode
@cindex Rlogin
You can login to a remote computer, using whatever commands you
-would from a regular terminal (e.g.@: using the @code{telnet} or
+would from a regular terminal (e.g., using the @code{telnet} or
@code{rlogin} commands), from a Term window.
A program that asks you for a password will normally suppress
@cindex client frame
@item -c
Create a new graphical @dfn{client frame}, instead of using an
-existing Emacs frame. If you omit a filename argument while supplying
-the @samp{-c} option, the new frame displays the @file{*scratch*}
-buffer (@pxref{Buffers}). See below for the special behavior of
-@kbd{C-x C-c} in a client frame.
-
-If Emacs is unable to create a new graphical frame (e.g.@: if it is
-unable to connect to the X server), it tries to create a text terminal
-client frame, as though you had supplied the @samp{-t} option instead
-(see below).
+existing Emacs frame. See below for the special behavior of @kbd{C-x
+C-c} in a client frame. If Emacs cannot create a new graphical frame
+(e.g., if it cannot connect to the X server), it tries to create a
+text terminal client frame, as though you had supplied the @samp{-t}
+option instead.
On MS-Windows, a single Emacs session cannot display frames on both
graphical and text terminals, nor on multiple text terminals. Thus,
option, like the @samp{-t} option, creates a new frame in the server's
current text terminal. @xref{Windows Startup}.
+If you omit a filename argument while supplying the @samp{-c} option,
+the new frame displays the @file{*scratch*} buffer by default. If
+@code{initial-buffer-choice} is a string (@pxref{Entering Emacs}), the
+new frame displays that file or directory instead.
+
@item -F @var{alist}
@itemx --frame-parameters=@var{alist}
Set the parameters for a newly-created graphical frame
@item -f @var{server-file}
@itemx --server-file=@var{server-file}
@cindex @env{EMACS_SERVER_FILE} environment variable
-@cindex server file
-@vindex server-use-tcp
-@vindex server-host
Specify a @dfn{server file} for connecting to an Emacs server via TCP.
An Emacs server usually uses an operating system feature called a
``local socket'' to listen for connections. Some operating systems,
such as Microsoft Windows, do not support local sockets; in that case,
-Emacs uses TCP instead. When you start the Emacs server, Emacs
-creates a server file containing some TCP information that
-@command{emacsclient} needs for making the connection. By default,
-the server file is in @file{~/.emacs.d/server/}. On Microsoft
-Windows, if @command{emacsclient} does not find the server file there,
-it looks in the @file{.emacs.d/server/} subdirectory of the directory
-pointed to by the @env{APPDATA} environment variable. You can tell
-@command{emacsclient} to use a specific server file with the @samp{-f}
-or @samp{--server-file} option, or by setting the
-@env{EMACS_SERVER_FILE} environment variable.
-
-Even if local sockets are available, you can tell Emacs to use TCP by
-setting the variable @code{server-use-tcp} to @code{t}. One advantage
-of TCP is that the server can accept connections from remote machines.
-For this to work, you must (i) set the variable @code{server-host} to
-the hostname or IP address of the machine on which the Emacs server
-runs, and (ii) provide @command{emacsclient} with the server file.
-(One convenient way to do the latter is to put the server file on a
-networked file system such as NFS.)
+the server communicates with @command{emacsclient} via TCP.
+@vindex server-auth-dir
+@cindex server file
@vindex server-port
- When the Emacs server is using TCP, the variable @code{server-port}
-determines the port number to listen on; the default value,
-@code{nil}, means to choose a random port when the server starts.
+When you start a TCP Emacs server, Emacs creates a @dfn{server file}
+containing the TCP information to be used by @command{emacsclient} to
+connect to the server. The variable @code{server-auth-dir} specifies
+the directory containing the server file; by default, this is
+@file{~/.emacs.d/server/}. To tell @command{emacsclient} to connect
+to the server over TCP with a specific server file, use the @samp{-f}
+or @samp{--server-file} option, or set the @env{EMACS_SERVER_FILE}
+environment variable.
@item -n
@itemx --no-wait
@itemx --tty
@itemx -nw
Create a new client frame on the current text terminal, instead of
-using an existing Emacs frame. This is similar to the @samp{-c}
-option, above, except that it creates a text terminal frame
-(@pxref{Non-Window Terminals}). If you omit a filename argument while
-supplying this option, the new frame displays the @file{*scratch*}
-buffer (@pxref{Buffers}). See below for the special behavior of
-@kbd{C-x C-c} in a client frame.
-
-On MS-Windows, a single Emacs session cannot display frames on both
-graphical and text terminals, nor on multiple text terminals. Thus,
-if the Emacs server is using the graphical display, @samp{-t} behaves
-like @samp{-c} (see above); whereas if the Emacs server is running on
-a text terminal, it creates a new frame in its current text terminal.
-@xref{Windows Startup}.
+using an existing Emacs frame. This behaves just like the @samp{-c}
+option, described above, except that it creates a text terminal frame
+(@pxref{Non-Window Terminals}).
+
+On MS-Windows, @samp{-t} behaves just like @samp{-c} if the Emacs
+server is using the graphical display, but if the Emacs server is
+running on a text terminal, it creates a new frame in the current text
+terminal.
@end table
The new graphical or text terminal frames created by the @samp{-c}
in a client frame, that command does not kill the Emacs session as it
normally does (@pxref{Exiting}). Instead, Emacs deletes the client
frame; furthermore, if the client frame has an @command{emacsclient}
-waiting to regain control (i.e.@: if you did not supply the @samp{-n}
+waiting to regain control (i.e., if you did not supply the @samp{-n}
option), Emacs deletes all other frames of the same client, and marks
the client's server buffers as finished, as though you had typed
@kbd{C-x #} in all of them. If it so happens that there are no
printer program, customize the variable @code{lpr-command}. To
specify extra switches to give the printer program, customize the list
variable @code{lpr-switches}. Its value should be a list of option
-strings, each of which should start with @samp{-} (e.g.@: the option
+strings, each of which should start with @samp{-} (e.g., the option
string @code{"-w80"} specifies a line width of 80 columns). The
default is the empty list, @code{nil}.
Emacs command. For example, when you type @kbd{C-r} inside of a
@code{query-replace}, you enter a recursive edit in which you can change
the current buffer. On exiting from the recursive edit, you go back to
-the @code{query-replace}.
+the @code{query-replace}. @xref{Query Replace}.
@kindex C-M-c
@findex exit-recursive-edit
It can be useful to add @code{goto-address-mode} to mode hooks and
hooks for displaying an incoming message
-(e.g.@: @code{rmail-show-message-hook} for Rmail, and
+(e.g., @code{rmail-show-message-hook} for Rmail, and
@code{mh-show-mode-hook} for MH-E). This is not needed for Gnus,
which has a similar feature of its own.
@findex animate-birthday-present
@cindex animate
- The @code{animate} package makes text dance (e.g. @kbd{M-x
+ The @code{animate} package makes text dance (e.g., @kbd{M-x
animate-birthday-present}).
@findex blackbox
HCoop / bpt / emacs.git / blobdiff