| 1 | \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
| 2 | @setfilename ../../info/ada-mode |
| 3 | @settitle Ada Mode |
| 4 | |
| 5 | @copying |
| 6 | Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 7 | |
| 8 | @quotation |
| 9 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| 10 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or |
| 11 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
| 12 | Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual'', |
| 13 | and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license |
| 14 | is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. |
| 15 | |
| 16 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and |
| 17 | modify this GNU manual.'' |
| 18 | @end quotation |
| 19 | @end copying |
| 20 | |
| 21 | @dircategory Emacs editing modes |
| 22 | @direntry |
| 23 | * Ada mode: (ada-mode). Emacs mode for editing and compiling Ada code. |
| 24 | @end direntry |
| 25 | |
| 26 | @titlepage |
| 27 | @sp 10 |
| 28 | @title Ada Mode |
| 29 | @sp 2 |
| 30 | @subtitle An Emacs major mode for programming in Ada |
| 31 | @subtitle Ada Mode Version 4.00 |
| 32 | @sp 2 |
| 33 | @page |
| 34 | @vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
| 35 | @insertcopying |
| 36 | @end titlepage |
| 37 | |
| 38 | @contents |
| 39 | |
| 40 | @node Top |
| 41 | @top Ada Mode |
| 42 | |
| 43 | @ifnottex |
| 44 | @insertcopying |
| 45 | @end ifnottex |
| 46 | |
| 47 | @menu |
| 48 | * Overview:: |
| 49 | * Installation:: Installing Ada mode on your system |
| 50 | * Customization:: Setting up Ada mode to your taste |
| 51 | * Compiling Executing:: Working with your application within Emacs |
| 52 | * Project files:: Describing the organization of your project |
| 53 | * Compiling Examples:: A small tutorial |
| 54 | * Moving Through Ada Code:: Moving easily through Ada sources |
| 55 | * Identifier completion:: Finishing words automatically |
| 56 | * Automatic Smart Indentation:: Indenting your code automatically as you type |
| 57 | * Formatting Parameter Lists:: Formatting subprograms' parameter lists |
| 58 | automatically |
| 59 | * Automatic Casing:: Adjusting the case of words automatically |
| 60 | * Statement Templates:: Inserting code templates |
| 61 | * Comment Handling:: Reformatting comments easily |
| 62 | * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. |
| 63 | * Index:: |
| 64 | @end menu |
| 65 | |
| 66 | |
| 67 | @node Overview |
| 68 | @chapter Overview |
| 69 | |
| 70 | The Emacs mode for programming in Ada helps the user in understanding |
| 71 | existing code and facilitates writing new code. |
| 72 | |
| 73 | When the Gnu Ada compiler GNAT is used, the cross-reference |
| 74 | information output by the compiler is used to provide powerful code |
| 75 | navigation (jump to definition, find all uses, etc.). |
| 76 | |
| 77 | When you open a file with a file extension of @file{.ads} or |
| 78 | @file{.adb}, Emacs will automatically load and activate Ada mode. |
| 79 | |
| 80 | Ada mode works without any customization, if you are using the GNAT |
| 81 | compiler (@url{https://libre2.adacore.com/}) and the GNAT default |
| 82 | naming convention. |
| 83 | |
| 84 | You must customize a few things if you are using a different compiler |
| 85 | or file naming convention; @xref{Other compiler}, @xref{Non-standard |
| 86 | file names}. |
| 87 | |
| 88 | In addition, you may want to customize the indentation, |
| 89 | capitalization, and other things; @xref{Other customization}. |
| 90 | |
| 91 | Finally, for large Ada projects, you will want to set up an Emacs |
| 92 | Ada mode project file for each project; @xref{Project files}. Note |
| 93 | that these are different from the GNAT project files used by gnatmake |
| 94 | and other GNAT commands. |
| 95 | |
| 96 | See the Emacs info manual, section 'Running Debuggers Under Emacs', |
| 97 | for general information on debugging. |
| 98 | |
| 99 | @node Installation |
| 100 | @chapter Installation |
| 101 | |
| 102 | Ada mode is part of the standard Emacs distribution; if you use that, |
| 103 | no files need to be installed. |
| 104 | |
| 105 | Ada mode is also available as a separate distribution, from the Emacs |
| 106 | Ada mode website |
| 107 | @uref{http://stephe-leake.org/emacs/ada-mode/emacs-ada-mode.html}. The |
| 108 | separate distribution may be more recent. |
| 109 | |
| 110 | For installing the separate distribution, see the @file{README} file |
| 111 | in the distribution. |
| 112 | |
| 113 | To see what version of Ada mode you have installed, do @kbd{M-x |
| 114 | ada-mode-version}. |
| 115 | |
| 116 | The following files are provided with the Ada mode distribution: |
| 117 | |
| 118 | @itemize @bullet |
| 119 | |
| 120 | @item |
| 121 | @file{ada-mode.el}: The main file for Ada mode, providing indentation, |
| 122 | formatting of parameter lists, moving through code, comment handling |
| 123 | and automatic casing. |
| 124 | |
| 125 | @item |
| 126 | @file{ada-prj.el}: GUI editing of Ada mode project files, using Emacs |
| 127 | widgets. |
| 128 | |
| 129 | @item |
| 130 | @file{ada-stmt.el}: Ada statement templates. |
| 131 | |
| 132 | @item |
| 133 | @file{ada-xref.el}: GNAT cross-references, completion of identifiers, |
| 134 | and compilation. Also provides project files (which are not |
| 135 | GNAT-specific). |
| 136 | |
| 137 | @end itemize |
| 138 | |
| 139 | @node Customization |
| 140 | @chapter Customizing Ada mode |
| 141 | |
| 142 | Here we assume you are familiar with setting variables in Emacs, |
| 143 | either thru 'customize' or in elisp (in your @file{.emacs} file). For |
| 144 | a basic introduction to customize, elisp, and Emacs in general, see |
| 145 | the tutorial in |
| 146 | @iftex |
| 147 | @cite{The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
| 148 | @end iftex |
| 149 | @ifhtml |
| 150 | @cite{The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
| 151 | @end ifhtml |
| 152 | @ifinfo |
| 153 | @ref{Top, , The GNU Emacs Manual, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
| 154 | @end ifinfo |
| 155 | |
| 156 | These global Emacs settings are strongly recommended (put them in your |
| 157 | .emacs): |
| 158 | |
| 159 | @example |
| 160 | (global-font-lock-mode t) |
| 161 | (transient-mark-mode t) |
| 162 | @end example |
| 163 | |
| 164 | @samp{(global-font-lock-mode t)} turns on syntax |
| 165 | highlighting for all buffers (it is off by default because it may be |
| 166 | too slow for some machines). |
| 167 | |
| 168 | @samp{(transient-mark-mode t)} highlights selected text. |
| 169 | |
| 170 | See the Emacs help for each of these variables for more information. |
| 171 | |
| 172 | @menu |
| 173 | * Non-standard file names:: |
| 174 | * Other compiler:: |
| 175 | * Other customization:: |
| 176 | @end menu |
| 177 | |
| 178 | @node Non-standard file names |
| 179 | @section Non-standard file names |
| 180 | |
| 181 | By default, Ada mode is configured to use the GNAT file naming |
| 182 | convention, where file names are a simple modification of the Ada |
| 183 | names, and the extension for specs and bodies are |
| 184 | @samp{.ads} and @samp{.adb}, respectively. |
| 185 | |
| 186 | Ada mode uses the file extensions to allow moving from a package body |
| 187 | to the corresponding spec and back. |
| 188 | |
| 189 | Ada mode supports a list of alternative file extensions for specs and bodies. |
| 190 | |
| 191 | For instance, if your spec and bodies files are called |
| 192 | @file{@var{unit}_s.ada} and @file{@var{unit}_b.ada}, respectively, you |
| 193 | can add the following to your @file{.emacs} file: |
| 194 | |
| 195 | @example |
| 196 | (ada-add-extensions "_s.ada" "_b.ada") |
| 197 | @end example |
| 198 | |
| 199 | You can define additional extensions: |
| 200 | |
| 201 | @example |
| 202 | (ada-add-extensions ".ads" "_b.ada") |
| 203 | (ada-add-extensions ".ads" ".body") |
| 204 | @end example |
| 205 | |
| 206 | This means that whenever Ada mode looks for the body for a file |
| 207 | whose extension is @file{.ads}, it will take the first available file |
| 208 | that ends with either @file{.adb}, @file{_b.ada} or |
| 209 | @file{.body}. |
| 210 | |
| 211 | Similarly, if Ada mode is looking for a spec, it will look for |
| 212 | @file{.ads} or @file{_s.ada}. |
| 213 | |
| 214 | If the filename is not derived from the Ada name following the GNAT |
| 215 | convention, things are a little more complicated. You then need to |
| 216 | rewrite the function @code{ada-make-filename-from-adaname}. Doing that |
| 217 | is beyond the scope of this manual; see the current definitions in |
| 218 | @file{ada-mode.el} and @file{ada-xref.el} for examples. |
| 219 | |
| 220 | @node Other compiler |
| 221 | @section Other compiler |
| 222 | |
| 223 | By default, Ada mode is configured to use the Gnu Ada compiler GNAT. |
| 224 | |
| 225 | To use a different Ada compiler, you must specify the command lines |
| 226 | used to run that compiler, either in lisp variables or in Emacs |
| 227 | Ada mode project files. See @ref{Project file variables} for the list |
| 228 | of project variables, and the corresponding lisp variables. |
| 229 | |
| 230 | @node Other customization |
| 231 | @section Other customization |
| 232 | |
| 233 | All user-settable Ada mode variables can be set via the menu |
| 234 | @samp{Ada | Customize}. Click on the @samp{Help} button there for help |
| 235 | on using customize. |
| 236 | |
| 237 | To modify a specific variable, you can directly call the function |
| 238 | @code{customize-variable}; just type @kbd{M-x customize-variable |
| 239 | @key{RET} @var{variable-name} @key{RET}}). |
| 240 | |
| 241 | Alternately, you can specify variable settings in the Emacs |
| 242 | configuration file, @file{.emacs}. This file is coded in Emacs lisp, |
| 243 | and the syntax to set a variable is the following: |
| 244 | @example |
| 245 | (setq variable-name value) |
| 246 | @end example |
| 247 | |
| 248 | @node Compiling Executing |
| 249 | @chapter Compiling Executing |
| 250 | |
| 251 | Ada projects can be compiled, linked, and executed using commands on |
| 252 | the Ada menu. All of these commands can be customized via a project |
| 253 | file (@pxref{Project files}), but the defaults are sufficient for using |
| 254 | the GNAT compiler for simple projects (single files, or several files |
| 255 | in a single directory). |
| 256 | |
| 257 | Even when no project file is used, the GUI project editor (menu |
| 258 | @samp{Ada | Project | Edit}) shows the settings of the various project |
| 259 | file variables referenced here. |
| 260 | |
| 261 | @menu |
| 262 | * Compile commands:: |
| 263 | * Compiler errors:: |
| 264 | @end menu |
| 265 | |
| 266 | @node Compile commands |
| 267 | @section Compile commands |
| 268 | |
| 269 | Here are the commands for building and using an Ada project, as |
| 270 | listed in the Ada menu. |
| 271 | |
| 272 | In multi-file projects, there must be one file that is the main |
| 273 | program. That is given by the @code{main} project file variable; |
| 274 | it defaults to the current file if not yet set, but is also set by the |
| 275 | ``set main and build'' command. |
| 276 | |
| 277 | @table @code |
| 278 | |
| 279 | @item Check file |
| 280 | Compiles the current file in syntax check mode, by running |
| 281 | @code{check_cmd} defined in the current project file. This typically |
| 282 | runs faster than full compile mode, speeding up finding and fixing |
| 283 | compilation errors. |
| 284 | |
| 285 | This sets @code{main} only if it has not been set yet. |
| 286 | |
| 287 | @item Compile file |
| 288 | Compiles the current file, by running @code{comp_cmd} from the current |
| 289 | project file. |
| 290 | |
| 291 | This does not set @code{main}. |
| 292 | |
| 293 | @item Set main and Build |
| 294 | Sets @code{main} to the current file, then executes the Build |
| 295 | command. |
| 296 | |
| 297 | @item Show main |
| 298 | Display @code{main} in the message buffer. |
| 299 | |
| 300 | @item Build |
| 301 | Compiles all obsolete units of the current @code{main}, and links |
| 302 | @code{main}, by running @code{make_cmd} from the current project. |
| 303 | |
| 304 | This sets @code{main} only if it has not been set yet. |
| 305 | |
| 306 | @item Run |
| 307 | Executes the main program in a shell, displayed in a separate Emacs |
| 308 | buffer. This runs @code{run_cmd} from the current project. The |
| 309 | execution buffer allows for interactive input/output. |
| 310 | |
| 311 | To modify the run command, in particular to provide or change the |
| 312 | command line arguments, type @kbd{C-u} before invoking the command. |
| 313 | |
| 314 | This command is not available for a cross-compilation toolchain. |
| 315 | |
| 316 | @end table |
| 317 | It is important when using these commands to understand how |
| 318 | @code{main} is used and changed. |
| 319 | |
| 320 | Build runs 'gnatmake' on the main unit. During a typical edit/compile |
| 321 | session, this is the only command you need to invoke, which is why it |
| 322 | is bound to @kbd{C-c C-c}. It will compile all files needed by the |
| 323 | main unit, and display compilation errors in any of them. |
| 324 | |
| 325 | Note that Build can be invoked from any Ada buffer; typically you will |
| 326 | be fixing errors in files other than the main, but you don't have to |
| 327 | switch back to the main to invoke the compiler again. |
| 328 | |
| 329 | Novices and students typically work on single-file Ada projects. In |
| 330 | this case, @kbd{C-c C-m} will normally be the only command needed; it |
| 331 | will build the current file, rather than the last-built main. |
| 332 | |
| 333 | There are three ways to change @code{main}: |
| 334 | |
| 335 | @enumerate |
| 336 | @item |
| 337 | Invoke @samp{Ada | Set main and Build}, which sets @code{main} to |
| 338 | the current file. |
| 339 | |
| 340 | @item |
| 341 | Invoke @samp{Ada | Project | Edit}, edit @code{main} and |
| 342 | @code{main}, and click @samp{[save]} |
| 343 | |
| 344 | @item |
| 345 | Invoke @samp{Ada | Project | Load}, and load a project file that specifies @code{main} |
| 346 | |
| 347 | @end enumerate |
| 348 | |
| 349 | @node Compiler errors |
| 350 | @section Compiler errors |
| 351 | |
| 352 | The @code{Check file}, @code{Compile file}, and @code{Build} commands |
| 353 | all place compilation errors in a separate buffer named |
| 354 | @code{*compilation*}. |
| 355 | |
| 356 | Each line in this buffer will become active: you can simply click on |
| 357 | it with the middle button of the mouse, or move point to it and press |
| 358 | @key{RET}. Emacs will then display the relevant source file and put |
| 359 | point on the line and column where the error was found. |
| 360 | |
| 361 | You can also press the @kbd{C-x `} key (@code{next-error}), and Emacs |
| 362 | will jump to the first error. If you press that key again, it will |
| 363 | move you to the second error, and so on. |
| 364 | |
| 365 | Some error messages might also include references to other files. These |
| 366 | references are also clickable in the same way, or put point after the |
| 367 | line number and press @key{RET}. |
| 368 | |
| 369 | @node Project files |
| 370 | @chapter Project files |
| 371 | |
| 372 | An Emacs Ada mode project file specifies what directories hold sources |
| 373 | for your project, and allows you to customize the compilation commands |
| 374 | and other things on a per-project basis. |
| 375 | |
| 376 | Note that Ada mode project files @samp{*.adp} are different than GNAT |
| 377 | compiler project files @samp{*.gpr}. However, Emacs Ada mode can use a |
| 378 | GNAT project file to specify the project directories. If no |
| 379 | other customization is needed, a GNAT project file can be used without |
| 380 | an Emacs Ada mode project file. |
| 381 | |
| 382 | @menu |
| 383 | * Project File Overview:: |
| 384 | * GUI Editor:: |
| 385 | * Project file variables:: |
| 386 | @end menu |
| 387 | |
| 388 | @node Project File Overview |
| 389 | @section Project File Overview |
| 390 | |
| 391 | Project files have a simple syntax; they may be edited directly. Each |
| 392 | line specifies a project variable name and its value, separated by ``='': |
| 393 | @example |
| 394 | src_dir=/Projects/my_project/src_1 |
| 395 | src_dir=/Projects/my_project/src_2 |
| 396 | @end example |
| 397 | |
| 398 | Some variables (like @code{src_dir}) are lists; multiple occurrences |
| 399 | are concatenated. |
| 400 | |
| 401 | There must be no space between the variable name and ``='', and no |
| 402 | trailing spaces. |
| 403 | |
| 404 | Alternately, a GUI editor for project files is available (@pxref{GUI |
| 405 | Editor}). It uses Emacs widgets, similar to Emacs customize. |
| 406 | |
| 407 | The GUI editor also provides a convenient way to view current project |
| 408 | settings, if they have been modified using menu commands rather than |
| 409 | by editing the project file. |
| 410 | |
| 411 | After the first Ada mode build command is invoked, there is always a |
| 412 | current project file, given by the lisp variable |
| 413 | @code{ada-prj-default-project-file}. Currently, the only way to show |
| 414 | the current project file is to invoke the GUI editor. |
| 415 | |
| 416 | To find the project file the first time, Ada mode uses the following |
| 417 | search algorithm: |
| 418 | |
| 419 | @itemize @bullet |
| 420 | @item |
| 421 | If @code{ada-prj-default-project-file} is set, use that. |
| 422 | |
| 423 | @item |
| 424 | Otherwise, search for a file in the current directory with |
| 425 | the same base name as the Ada file, but extension given by |
| 426 | @code{ada-prj-file-extension} (default @code{".adp"}). |
| 427 | |
| 428 | @item |
| 429 | If not found, search for @file{*.adp} in the current directory; if |
| 430 | several are found, prompt the user to select one. |
| 431 | |
| 432 | @item |
| 433 | If none are found, use @file{default.adp} in the current directory (even |
| 434 | if it does not exist). |
| 435 | |
| 436 | @end itemize |
| 437 | |
| 438 | This algorithm always sets @code{ada-prj-default-project-file}, even |
| 439 | when the file does not actually exist. |
| 440 | |
| 441 | To change the project file before or after the first one is found, |
| 442 | invoke @samp{Ada | Project | Load ...}. |
| 443 | |
| 444 | Or, in lisp, evaluate @code{(ada-set-default-project-file "/path/file.adp")}. |
| 445 | This sets @code{ada-prj-default-project-file}, and reads the project file. |
| 446 | |
| 447 | You can also specify a GNAT project file to @samp{Ada | Project | Load |
| 448 | ...} or @code{ada-set-default-project-file}. Emacs Ada mode checks the |
| 449 | file extension; if it is @code{.gpr}, the file is treated as a GNAT |
| 450 | project file. Any other extension is treated as an Emacs Ada mode |
| 451 | project file. |
| 452 | |
| 453 | @node GUI Editor |
| 454 | @section GUI Editor |
| 455 | |
| 456 | The project file editor is invoked with the menu @samp{Ada | Projects |
| 457 | | Edit}. |
| 458 | |
| 459 | Once in the buffer for editing the project file, you can save your |
| 460 | modification using the @samp{[save]} button at the bottom of the |
| 461 | buffer, or the @kbd{C-x C-s} binding. To cancel your modifications, |
| 462 | kill the buffer or click on the @samp{[cancel]} button. |
| 463 | |
| 464 | @node Project file variables |
| 465 | @section Project file variables |
| 466 | |
| 467 | The following variables can be defined in a project file; some can |
| 468 | also be defined in lisp variables. |
| 469 | |
| 470 | To set a project variable that is a list, specify each element of the |
| 471 | list on a separate line in the project file. |
| 472 | |
| 473 | Any project variable can be referenced in other project variables, |
| 474 | using a shell-like notation. For instance, if the variable |
| 475 | @code{comp_cmd} contains @code{$@{comp_opt@}}, the value of the |
| 476 | @code{comp_opt} variable will be substituted when @code{comp_cmd} is |
| 477 | used. |
| 478 | |
| 479 | In addition, process environment variables can be referenced using the |
| 480 | same syntax, or the normal @code{$var} syntax. |
| 481 | |
| 482 | Most project variables have defaults that can be changed by setting |
| 483 | lisp variables; the table below identifies the lisp variable for each |
| 484 | project variable. Lisp variables corresponding to project variables |
| 485 | that are lists are lisp lists. |
| 486 | |
| 487 | In general, project variables are evaluated when referenced in |
| 488 | Emacs Ada mode commands. Relative file paths are expanded to |
| 489 | absolute relative to @code{$@{build_dir@}}. |
| 490 | |
| 491 | Here is the list of variables. In the default values, the current |
| 492 | directory @code{"."} is the project file directory. |
| 493 | |
| 494 | @table @asis |
| 495 | @c defined in ada-default-prj-properties; alphabetical order |
| 496 | |
| 497 | @item @code{ada_project_path_sep} [default: @code{":" or ";"}] |
| 498 | Path separator for @code{ADA_PROJECT_PATH}. It defaults to the correct |
| 499 | value for a native implementation of GNAT for the current operating |
| 500 | system. The user must override this when using Windows native GNAT |
| 501 | with Cygwin Emacs, and perhaps in other cases. |
| 502 | |
| 503 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-ada-project-path-sep}. |
| 504 | |
| 505 | @item @code{ada_project_path} [default: @code{""}] |
| 506 | A list of directories to search for GNAT project files. |
| 507 | |
| 508 | If set, the @code{ADA_PROJECT_PATH} process environment variable is |
| 509 | set to this value in the Emacs process when the Emacs Ada mode project |
| 510 | is selected via menu @samp{Ada | Project | Load}. |
| 511 | |
| 512 | For @code{ada_project_path}, relative file paths are expanded to |
| 513 | absolute when the Emacs Ada project file is read, rather than when the |
| 514 | project file is selected. |
| 515 | |
| 516 | For example if the project file is in the directory |
| 517 | @file{/home/myproject}, the environment variable @code{GDS_ROOT} is |
| 518 | set to @code{/home/shared}, and the project file contains: |
| 519 | @example |
| 520 | ada_project_path_sep=: |
| 521 | ada_project_path=$GDS_ROOT/makerules |
| 522 | ada_project_path=../opentoken |
| 523 | @end example |
| 524 | then as a result the environment variable @code{ADA_PROJECT_PATH} will |
| 525 | be set to @code{"/home/shared/makerules:/home/opentoken/"}. |
| 526 | |
| 527 | The default value is not the current value of this environment |
| 528 | variable, because that will typically have been set by another |
| 529 | project, and will therefore be incorrect for this project. |
| 530 | |
| 531 | If you have the environment variable set correctly for all of your |
| 532 | projects, you do not need to set this project variable. |
| 533 | |
| 534 | @item @code{bind_opt} [default: @code{""}] |
| 535 | Holds user binder options; used in the default build commands. |
| 536 | |
| 537 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-default-bind-opt}. |
| 538 | |
| 539 | @item @code{build_dir} [default: @code{"."}] |
| 540 | The compile commands will be issued in this directory. |
| 541 | |
| 542 | @item @code{casing} [default: @code{("~/.emacs_case_exceptions")} |
| 543 | List of files containing casing exceptions. See the help on |
| 544 | @code{ada-case-exception-file} for more info. |
| 545 | @c FIXME: section on case exceptions |
| 546 | |
| 547 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-case-exception-file}. |
| 548 | |
| 549 | @item @code{check_cmd} [default: @code{"$@{cross_prefix@}gnatmake -u -c -gnatc $@{gnatmake_opt@} $@{full_current@} -cargs $@{comp_opt@}"}] |
| 550 | Command used to syntax check a single file. |
| 551 | The name of the file is substituted for @code{full_current}. |
| 552 | |
| 553 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-default-check-cmd} |
| 554 | |
| 555 | @item @code{comp_cmd} [default: @code{"$@{cross_prefix@}gnatmake -u -c $@{gnatmake_opt@} $@{full_current@} -cargs $@{comp_opt@}"}] |
| 556 | Command used to compile a single file. |
| 557 | The name of the file is substituted for @code{full_current}. |
| 558 | |
| 559 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-default-comp-cmd}. |
| 560 | |
| 561 | @item @code{comp_opt} [default: @code{"-gnatq -gnatQ"}] |
| 562 | Holds user compiler options; used in the default compile commands. The |
| 563 | default value tells gnatmake to generate library files for |
| 564 | cross-referencing even when there are errors. |
| 565 | |
| 566 | If source code for the project is in multiple directories, the |
| 567 | appropriate compiler options must be added here. @ref{Set source |
| 568 | search path} for examples of this. Alternately, GNAT project files may |
| 569 | be used; @ref{Use GNAT project file}. |
| 570 | |
| 571 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-default-comp-opt}. |
| 572 | |
| 573 | @item @code{cross_prefix} [default: @code{""}] |
| 574 | Name of target machine in a cross-compilation environment. Used in |
| 575 | default compile and build commands. |
| 576 | |
| 577 | @item @code{debug_cmd} [default: @code{"$@{cross_prefix@}gdb $@{main@}"}] |
| 578 | Command used to debug the application |
| 579 | |
| 580 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-default-debugger}. |
| 581 | |
| 582 | @item @code{debug_post_cmd} [default: @code{""}] |
| 583 | Command executed after @code{debug_cmd}. |
| 584 | |
| 585 | @item @code{debug_pre_cmd} [default: @code{"cd $@{build_dir@}"}] |
| 586 | Command executed before @code{debug_cmd}. |
| 587 | |
| 588 | @item @code{gnatfind_opt} [default: @code{"-rf"}] |
| 589 | Holds user gnatfind options; used in the default find commands. |
| 590 | |
| 591 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-gnatfind-switches}. |
| 592 | |
| 593 | @item @code{gnatmake_opt} [default: @code{"-g"}] |
| 594 | Holds user gnatmake options; used in the default build commands. |
| 595 | |
| 596 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-default-gnatmake-opt}. |
| 597 | |
| 598 | @item @code{gpr_file} [default: @code{""}] |
| 599 | Specify GNAT project file. |
| 600 | |
| 601 | If set, the source and object directories specified in the GNAT |
| 602 | project file are appended to @code{src_dir} and @code{obj_dir}. This |
| 603 | allows specifying Ada source directories with a GNAT project file, and |
| 604 | other source directories with the Emacs project file. |
| 605 | |
| 606 | In addition, @code{-P@{gpr_file@}} is added to the project variable |
| 607 | @code{gnatmake_opt} whenever it is referenced. With the default |
| 608 | project variables, this passes the project file to all gnatmake |
| 609 | commands. |
| 610 | |
| 611 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-default-gpr-file}. |
| 612 | |
| 613 | @c FIXME: add gnatstub-opts |
| 614 | |
| 615 | @item @code{link_opt} [default: @code{""}] |
| 616 | Holds user linker options; used in the default build commands. |
| 617 | |
| 618 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-default-link-opt}. |
| 619 | |
| 620 | @item @code{main} [default: current file] |
| 621 | Specifies the name of the executable file for the project; used in the |
| 622 | default build commands. |
| 623 | |
| 624 | @item @code{make_cmd} [default: @code{"$@{cross_prefix@}gnatmake -o $@{main@} $@{main@} $@{gnatmake_opt@} -cargs $@{comp_opt@} -bargs $@{bind_opt@} -largs $@{link_opt@}"}] |
| 625 | Command used to build the application. |
| 626 | |
| 627 | Lisp variable: @code{ada-prj-default-make-cmd}. |
| 628 | |
| 629 | @item @code{obj_dir} [default: @code{"."}] |
| 630 | A list of directories to search for library files. Ada mode searches |
| 631 | this list for the @samp{.ali} files generated by GNAT that contain |
| 632 | cross-reference information. |
| 633 | |
| 634 | The compiler commands must place the @samp{.ali} files in one of these |
| 635 | directories; the default commands do that. |
| 636 | |
| 637 | @item @code{remote_machine} [default: @code{""}] |
| 638 | Name of the machine to log into before issuing the compile and build |
| 639 | commands. If this variable is empty, the command will be run on the |
| 640 | local machine. |
| 641 | |
| 642 | @item @code{run_cmd} [default: @code{"./$@{main@}"}] |
| 643 | Command used to run the application. |
| 644 | |
| 645 | @item @code{src_dir} [default: @code{"."}] |
| 646 | A list of directories to search for source files, both for compile |
| 647 | commands and source navigation. |
| 648 | |
| 649 | @end table |
| 650 | |
| 651 | @node Compiling Examples |
| 652 | @chapter Compiling Examples |
| 653 | |
| 654 | We present several small projects, and walk thru the process of |
| 655 | compiling, linking, and running them. |
| 656 | |
| 657 | The first example illustrates more Ada mode features than the others; |
| 658 | you should work thru that example before doing the others. |
| 659 | |
| 660 | All of these examples assume you are using GNAT. |
| 661 | |
| 662 | The source for these examples is available on the Emacs Ada mode |
| 663 | website mentioned in @xref{Installation}. |
| 664 | |
| 665 | @menu |
| 666 | * No project files:: Just menus |
| 667 | * Set compiler options:: A basic Ada mode project file |
| 668 | * Set source search path:: Source in multiple directories |
| 669 | * Use GNAT project file:: |
| 670 | * Use multiple GNAT project files:: |
| 671 | @end menu |
| 672 | |
| 673 | @node No project files |
| 674 | @section No project files |
| 675 | This example uses no project files. |
| 676 | |
| 677 | First, create a directory @file{Example_1}, containing: |
| 678 | |
| 679 | @file{hello.adb}: |
| 680 | |
| 681 | @example |
| 682 | with Ada.Text_IO; |
| 683 | procedure Hello |
| 684 | is begin |
| 685 | Put_Line("Hello from hello.adb"); |
| 686 | end Hello; |
| 687 | @end example |
| 688 | |
| 689 | Yes, this is missing ``use Ada.Text_IO;'' - we want to demonstrate |
| 690 | compiler error handling. |
| 691 | |
| 692 | @file{hello_2.adb}: |
| 693 | |
| 694 | @example |
| 695 | with Hello_Pkg; |
| 696 | procedure Hello_2 |
| 697 | is begin |
| 698 | Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello; |
| 699 | end Hello_2; |
| 700 | @end example |
| 701 | |
| 702 | This file has no errors. |
| 703 | |
| 704 | @file{hello_pkg.ads}: |
| 705 | |
| 706 | @example |
| 707 | package Hello_Pkg is |
| 708 | procedure Say_Hello; |
| 709 | end Hello_Pkg; |
| 710 | @end example |
| 711 | |
| 712 | This file has no errors. |
| 713 | |
| 714 | @file{hello_pkg.adb}: |
| 715 | |
| 716 | @example |
| 717 | with Ada.Text_IO; |
| 718 | package Hello_Pkg is |
| 719 | procedure Say_Hello |
| 720 | is begin |
| 721 | Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hello from hello_pkg.adb"); |
| 722 | end Say_Hello; |
| 723 | end Hello_Pkg; |
| 724 | @end example |
| 725 | |
| 726 | Yes, this is missing the keyword @code{body}; another compiler error |
| 727 | example. |
| 728 | |
| 729 | In buffer @file{hello.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Check file}. You should |
| 730 | get a @code{*compilation*} buffer containing something like (the |
| 731 | directory paths will be different): |
| 732 | |
| 733 | @smallexample |
| 734 | cd c:/Examples/Example_1/ |
| 735 | gnatmake -u -c -gnatc -g c:/Examples/Example_1/hello.adb -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ |
| 736 | gcc -c -Ic:/Examples/Example_1/ -gnatc -g -gnatq -gnatQ -I- c:/Examples/Example_1/hello.adb |
| 737 | hello.adb:4:04: "Put_Line" is not visible |
| 738 | hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:264 |
| 739 | hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:260 |
| 740 | gnatmake: "c:/Examples/Example_1/hello.adb" compilation error |
| 741 | @end smallexample |
| 742 | |
| 743 | If you have enabled font-lock, the lines with actual errors (starting |
| 744 | with @file{hello.adb}) are highlighted, with the file name in red. |
| 745 | |
| 746 | Now type @kbd{C-x `} (on a PC keyboard, @key{`} is next to @key{1}). |
| 747 | Or you can click the middle mouse button on the first error line. The |
| 748 | compilation buffer scrolls to put the first error on the top line, and |
| 749 | point is put at the place of the error in the @file{hello.adb} buffer. |
| 750 | |
| 751 | To fix the error, change the line to be |
| 752 | |
| 753 | @example |
| 754 | Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("hello from hello.adb"); |
| 755 | @end example |
| 756 | |
| 757 | Now invoke @samp{Ada | Show main}; this displays @samp{Ada mode main: hello}. |
| 758 | |
| 759 | Now (in buffer @file{hello.adb}), invoke @samp{Ada | Build}. You are |
| 760 | prompted to save the file (if you haven't already). Then the |
| 761 | compilation buffer is displayed again, containing: |
| 762 | |
| 763 | @example |
| 764 | cd c:/Examples/Example_1/ |
| 765 | gnatmake -o hello hello -g -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs |
| 766 | gcc -c -g -gnatq -gnatQ hello.adb |
| 767 | gnatbind -x hello.ali |
| 768 | gnatlink hello.ali -o hello.exe -g |
| 769 | @end example |
| 770 | |
| 771 | The compilation has succeeded without errors; @file{hello.exe} now |
| 772 | exists in the same directory as @file{hello.adb}. |
| 773 | |
| 774 | Now invoke @samp{Ada | Run}. A @file{*run*} buffer is displayed, |
| 775 | containing |
| 776 | |
| 777 | @example |
| 778 | Hello from hello.adb |
| 779 | |
| 780 | Process run finished |
| 781 | @end example |
| 782 | |
| 783 | That completes the first part of this example. |
| 784 | |
| 785 | Now we will compile a multi-file project. Open the file |
| 786 | @file{hello_2.adb}, and invoke @samp{Ada | Set main and Build}. This |
| 787 | finds an error in @file{hello_pkg.adb}: |
| 788 | |
| 789 | @example |
| 790 | cd c:/Examples/Example_1/ |
| 791 | gnatmake -o hello_2 hello_2 -g -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs |
| 792 | gcc -c -g -gnatq -gnatQ hello_pkg.adb |
| 793 | hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] |
| 794 | gnatmake: "hello_pkg.adb" compilation error |
| 795 | @end example |
| 796 | |
| 797 | This demonstrates that gnatmake finds the files needed by the main |
| 798 | program. However, it cannot find files in a different directory, |
| 799 | unless you use an Emacs Ada mode project file to specify the other directories; |
| 800 | @xref{Set source search path}, or a GNAT project file; @ref{Use GNAT |
| 801 | project file}. |
| 802 | |
| 803 | Invoke @samp{Ada | Show main}; this displays @file{Ada mode main: hello_2}. |
| 804 | |
| 805 | Move to the error with @kbd{C-x `}, and fix the error by adding @code{body}: |
| 806 | |
| 807 | @example |
| 808 | package body Hello_Pkg is |
| 809 | @end example |
| 810 | |
| 811 | Now, while still in @file{hello_pkg.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Build}. |
| 812 | gnatmake successfully builds @file{hello_2}. This demonstrates that |
| 813 | Emacs has remembered the main file, in the project variable |
| 814 | @code{main}, and used it for the Build command. |
| 815 | |
| 816 | Finally, again while in @file{hello_pkg.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Run}. |
| 817 | The @code{*run*} buffer displays @code{Hello from hello_pkg.adb}. |
| 818 | |
| 819 | One final point. If you switch back to buffer @file{hello.adb}, and |
| 820 | invoke @samp{Ada | Run}, @file{hello_2.exe} will be run. That is |
| 821 | because @code{main} is still set to @code{hello_2}, as you can |
| 822 | see when you invoke @samp{Ada | Project | Edit}. |
| 823 | |
| 824 | There are three ways to change @code{main}: |
| 825 | |
| 826 | @enumerate |
| 827 | @item |
| 828 | Invoke @samp{Ada | Set main and Build}, which sets @code{main} to |
| 829 | the current file. |
| 830 | |
| 831 | @item |
| 832 | Invoke @samp{Ada | Project | Edit}, edit @code{main}, and click @samp{[save]} |
| 833 | |
| 834 | @item |
| 835 | Invoke @samp{Ada | Project | Load}, and load a project file that specifies @code{main} |
| 836 | |
| 837 | @end enumerate |
| 838 | |
| 839 | @node Set compiler options |
| 840 | @section Set compiler options |
| 841 | |
| 842 | This example illustrates using an Emacs Ada mode project file to set a |
| 843 | compiler option. |
| 844 | |
| 845 | If you have files from @file{Example_1} open in Emacs, you should |
| 846 | close them so you don't get confused. Use menu @samp{File | Close |
| 847 | (current buffer)}. |
| 848 | |
| 849 | In directory @file{Example_2}, create these files: |
| 850 | |
| 851 | @file{hello.adb}: |
| 852 | |
| 853 | @example |
| 854 | with Ada.Text_IO; |
| 855 | procedure Hello |
| 856 | is begin |
| 857 | Put_Line("Hello from hello.adb"); |
| 858 | end Hello; |
| 859 | @end example |
| 860 | |
| 861 | This is the same as @file{hello.adb} from @file{Example_1}. It has two |
| 862 | errors; missing ``use Ada.Text_IO;'', and no space between |
| 863 | @code{Put_Line} and its argument list. |
| 864 | |
| 865 | @file{hello.adp}: |
| 866 | |
| 867 | @example |
| 868 | comp_opt=-gnatyt |
| 869 | @end example |
| 870 | |
| 871 | This tells the GNAT compiler to check for token spacing; in |
| 872 | particular, there must be a space preceding a parenthesis. |
| 873 | |
| 874 | In buffer @file{hello.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Project | Load...}, and |
| 875 | select @file{Example_2/hello.adp}. |
| 876 | |
| 877 | Then, again in buffer @file{hello.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Set main and |
| 878 | Build}. You should get a @code{*compilation*} buffer containing |
| 879 | something like (the directory paths will be different): |
| 880 | |
| 881 | @example |
| 882 | cd c:/Examples/Example_2/ |
| 883 | gnatmake -o hello hello -g -cargs -gnatyt -bargs -largs |
| 884 | gcc -c -g -gnatyt hello.adb |
| 885 | hello.adb:4:04: "Put_Line" is not visible |
| 886 | hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:264 |
| 887 | hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:260 |
| 888 | hello.adb:4:12: (style) space required |
| 889 | gnatmake: "hello.adb" compilation error |
| 890 | @end example |
| 891 | |
| 892 | Compare this to the compiler output in @ref{No project files}; the |
| 893 | gnatmake option @code{-cargs -gnatq -gnatQ} has been replaced by |
| 894 | @code{-cargs -gnaty}, and an additional error is reported in |
| 895 | @file{hello.adb} on line 4. This shows that @file{hello.adp} is being |
| 896 | used to set the compiler options. |
| 897 | |
| 898 | Fixing the error, linking and running the code proceed as in @ref{No |
| 899 | project files}. |
| 900 | |
| 901 | @node Set source search path |
| 902 | @section Set source search path |
| 903 | |
| 904 | In this example, we show how to deal with files in more than one |
| 905 | directory. We start with the same code as in @ref{No project files}; |
| 906 | create those files (with the errors present) |
| 907 | |
| 908 | Create the directory @file{Example_3}, containing: |
| 909 | |
| 910 | @file{hello_pkg.ads}: |
| 911 | |
| 912 | @example |
| 913 | package Hello_Pkg is |
| 914 | procedure Say_Hello; |
| 915 | end Hello_Pkg; |
| 916 | @end example |
| 917 | |
| 918 | @file{hello_pkg.adb}: |
| 919 | |
| 920 | @example |
| 921 | with Ada.Text_IO; |
| 922 | package Hello_Pkg is |
| 923 | procedure Say_Hello |
| 924 | is begin |
| 925 | Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hello from hello_pkg.adb"); |
| 926 | end Say_Hello; |
| 927 | end Hello_Pkg; |
| 928 | @end example |
| 929 | |
| 930 | These are the same files from example 1; @file{hello_pkg.adb} has an |
| 931 | error on line 2. |
| 932 | |
| 933 | In addition, create a directory @file{Example_3/Other}, containing these files: |
| 934 | |
| 935 | @file{Other/hello_3.adb}: |
| 936 | |
| 937 | @example |
| 938 | with Hello_Pkg; |
| 939 | with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; |
| 940 | procedure Hello_3 |
| 941 | is begin |
| 942 | Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello; |
| 943 | Put_Line ("From hello_3"); |
| 944 | end Hello_3; |
| 945 | @end example |
| 946 | |
| 947 | There are no errors in this file. |
| 948 | |
| 949 | @file{Other/other.adp}: |
| 950 | |
| 951 | @example |
| 952 | src_dir=.. |
| 953 | comp_opt=-I.. |
| 954 | @end example |
| 955 | |
| 956 | Note that there must be no trailing spaces. |
| 957 | |
| 958 | In buffer @file{hello_3.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Project | Load...}, and |
| 959 | select @file{Example_3/Other/other.adp}. |
| 960 | |
| 961 | Then, again in @file{hello_3.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Set main and |
| 962 | Build}. You should get a @code{*compilation*} buffer containing |
| 963 | something like (the directory paths will be different): |
| 964 | |
| 965 | @example |
| 966 | cd c:/Examples/Example_3/Other/ |
| 967 | gnatmake -o hello_3 hello_3 -g -cargs -I.. -bargs -largs |
| 968 | gcc -c -g -I.. hello_3.adb |
| 969 | gcc -c -I./ -g -I.. -I- C:\Examples\Example_3\hello_pkg.adb |
| 970 | hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] |
| 971 | gnatmake: "C:\Examples\Example_3\hello_pkg.adb" compilation error |
| 972 | @end example |
| 973 | |
| 974 | Compare the @code{-cargs} option to the compiler output in @ref{Set |
| 975 | compiler options}; this shows that @file{other.adp} is being used to |
| 976 | set the compiler options. |
| 977 | |
| 978 | Move to the error with @kbd{C-x `}. Ada mode searches the list of |
| 979 | directories given by @code{src_dir} for the file mentioned in the |
| 980 | compiler error message. |
| 981 | |
| 982 | Fixing the error, linking and running the code proceed as in @ref{No |
| 983 | project files}. |
| 984 | |
| 985 | @node Use GNAT project file |
| 986 | @section Use GNAT project file |
| 987 | |
| 988 | In this example, we show how to use a GNAT project file, with no Ada |
| 989 | mode project file. |
| 990 | |
| 991 | Create the directory @file{Example_4}, containing: |
| 992 | |
| 993 | @file{hello_pkg.ads}: |
| 994 | |
| 995 | @example |
| 996 | package Hello_Pkg is |
| 997 | procedure Say_Hello; |
| 998 | end Hello_Pkg; |
| 999 | @end example |
| 1000 | |
| 1001 | @file{hello_pkg.adb}: |
| 1002 | |
| 1003 | @example |
| 1004 | with Ada.Text_IO; |
| 1005 | package Hello_Pkg is |
| 1006 | procedure Say_Hello |
| 1007 | is begin |
| 1008 | Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hello from hello_pkg.adb"); |
| 1009 | end Say_Hello; |
| 1010 | end Hello_Pkg; |
| 1011 | @end example |
| 1012 | |
| 1013 | These are the same files from example 1; @file{hello_pkg.adb} has an |
| 1014 | error on line 2. |
| 1015 | |
| 1016 | In addition, create a directory @file{Example_4/Gnat_Project}, |
| 1017 | containing these files: |
| 1018 | |
| 1019 | @file{Gnat_Project/hello_4.adb}: |
| 1020 | |
| 1021 | @example |
| 1022 | with Hello_Pkg; |
| 1023 | with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; |
| 1024 | procedure Hello_4 |
| 1025 | is begin |
| 1026 | Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello; |
| 1027 | Put_Line ("From hello_4"); |
| 1028 | end Hello_4; |
| 1029 | @end example |
| 1030 | |
| 1031 | There are no errors in this file. |
| 1032 | |
| 1033 | @file{Gnat_Project/hello_4.gpr}: |
| 1034 | |
| 1035 | @example |
| 1036 | Project Hello_4 is |
| 1037 | for Source_Dirs use (".", ".."); |
| 1038 | end Hello_4; |
| 1039 | @end example |
| 1040 | |
| 1041 | In buffer @file{hello_4.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Project | Load...}, and |
| 1042 | select @file{Example_4/Gnat_Project/hello_4.gpr}. |
| 1043 | |
| 1044 | Then, again in @file{hello_4.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Set main and |
| 1045 | Build}. You should get a @code{*compilation*} buffer containing |
| 1046 | something like (the directory paths will be different): |
| 1047 | |
| 1048 | @smallexample |
| 1049 | cd c:/Examples/Example_4/Gnat_Project/ |
| 1050 | gnatmake -o hello_4 hello_4 -Phello_4.gpr -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs |
| 1051 | gcc -c -g -gnatyt -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_4\Gnat_Project\hello_4.adb |
| 1052 | gcc -c -g -gnatyt -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_4\hello_pkg.adb |
| 1053 | hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] |
| 1054 | gnatmake: "c:\examples\example_4\hello_pkg.adb" compilation error |
| 1055 | @end smallexample |
| 1056 | |
| 1057 | Compare the @code{gcc} options to the compiler output in @ref{Set |
| 1058 | compiler options}; this shows that @file{hello_4.gpr} is being used to |
| 1059 | set the compiler options. |
| 1060 | |
| 1061 | Fixing the error, linking and running the code proceed as in @ref{No |
| 1062 | project files}. |
| 1063 | |
| 1064 | @node Use multiple GNAT project files |
| 1065 | @section Use multiple GNAT project files |
| 1066 | |
| 1067 | In this example, we show how to use multiple GNAT project files, |
| 1068 | specifying the GNAT project search path in an Ada mode project file. |
| 1069 | |
| 1070 | Create the directory @file{Example_4} as specified in @ref{Use GNAT |
| 1071 | project file}. |
| 1072 | |
| 1073 | Create the directory @file{Example_5}, containing: |
| 1074 | |
| 1075 | @file{hello_5.adb}: |
| 1076 | |
| 1077 | @example |
| 1078 | with Hello_Pkg; |
| 1079 | with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; |
| 1080 | procedure Hello_5 |
| 1081 | is begin |
| 1082 | Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello; |
| 1083 | Put_Line ("From hello_5"); |
| 1084 | end Hello_5; |
| 1085 | @end example |
| 1086 | |
| 1087 | There are no errors in this file. |
| 1088 | |
| 1089 | @file{hello_5.adp}: |
| 1090 | |
| 1091 | @example |
| 1092 | ada_project_path=../Example_4/Gnat_Project |
| 1093 | gpr_file=hello_5.gpr |
| 1094 | @end example |
| 1095 | |
| 1096 | @file{hello_5.gpr}: |
| 1097 | |
| 1098 | @example |
| 1099 | with "hello_4"; |
| 1100 | Project Hello_5 is |
| 1101 | for Source_Dirs use ("."); |
| 1102 | package Compiler is |
| 1103 | for Default_Switches ("Ada") use ("-g", "-gnatyt"); |
| 1104 | end Compiler; |
| 1105 | end Hello_5; |
| 1106 | @end example |
| 1107 | |
| 1108 | In buffer @file{hello_5.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Project | Load...}, and |
| 1109 | select @file{Example_5/hello_5.adp}. |
| 1110 | |
| 1111 | Then, again in @file{hello_5.adb}, invoke @samp{Ada | Set main and |
| 1112 | Build}. You should get a @code{*compilation*} buffer containing |
| 1113 | something like (the directory paths will be different): |
| 1114 | |
| 1115 | @smallexample |
| 1116 | cd c:/Examples/Example_5/ |
| 1117 | gnatmake -o hello_5 hello_5 -Phello_5.gpr -g -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs |
| 1118 | gcc -c -g -gnatyt -g -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_5\hello_5.adb |
| 1119 | gcc -c -g -gnatyt -g -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_4\hello_pkg.adb |
| 1120 | hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] |
| 1121 | gnatmake: "c:\examples\example_4\hello_pkg.adb" compilation error |
| 1122 | @end smallexample |
| 1123 | |
| 1124 | Now type @kbd{C-x `}. @file{Example_4/hello_pkg.adb} is shown, |
| 1125 | demonstrating that @file{hello_5.gpr} and @file{hello_4.gpr} are being |
| 1126 | used to set the compilation search path. |
| 1127 | |
| 1128 | @node Moving Through Ada Code |
| 1129 | @chapter Moving Through Ada Code |
| 1130 | |
| 1131 | There are several easy to use commands to navigate through Ada code. All |
| 1132 | these functions are available through the Ada menu, and you can also |
| 1133 | use the following key bindings or the command names. Some of these |
| 1134 | menu entries are available only if the GNAT compiler is used, since |
| 1135 | the implementation relies on the GNAT cross-referencing information. |
| 1136 | |
| 1137 | @table @kbd |
| 1138 | @item M-C-e |
| 1139 | @findex ada-next-procedure |
| 1140 | Move to the next function/procedure/task, which ever comes next |
| 1141 | (@code{ada-next-procedure}). |
| 1142 | @item M-C-a |
| 1143 | @findex ada-previous-procedure |
| 1144 | Move to previous function/procedure/task |
| 1145 | (@code{ada-previous-procedure}). |
| 1146 | @item M-x ada-next-package |
| 1147 | @findex ada-next-package |
| 1148 | Move to next package. |
| 1149 | @item M-x ada-previous-package |
| 1150 | @findex ada-previous-package |
| 1151 | Move to previous package. |
| 1152 | @item C-c C-a |
| 1153 | @findex ada-move-to-start |
| 1154 | Move to matching start of @code{end} (@code{ada-move-to-start}). If |
| 1155 | point is at the end of a subprogram, this command jumps to the |
| 1156 | corresponding @code{begin} if the user option |
| 1157 | @code{ada-move-to-declaration} is @code{nil} (default), otherwise it jumps to |
| 1158 | the subprogram declaration. |
| 1159 | @item C-c C-e |
| 1160 | @findex ada-move-to-end |
| 1161 | Move point to end of current block (@code{ada-move-to-end}). |
| 1162 | @item C-c o |
| 1163 | Switch between corresponding spec and body file |
| 1164 | (@code{ff-find-other-file}). If point is in a subprogram, position |
| 1165 | point on the corresponding declaration or body in the other file. |
| 1166 | @item C-c c-d |
| 1167 | @findex ada-goto-declaration |
| 1168 | Move from any reference to its declaration, for from a declaration to |
| 1169 | its body (for procedures, tasks, private and incomplete types). |
| 1170 | @item C-c C-r |
| 1171 | @findex ada-find-references |
| 1172 | Runs the @file{gnatfind} command to search for all references to the |
| 1173 | identifier surrounding point (@code{ada-find-references}). Use |
| 1174 | @kbd{C-x `} (@code{next-error}) to visit each reference (as for |
| 1175 | compilation errors). |
| 1176 | @end table |
| 1177 | |
| 1178 | If the @code{ada-xref-create-ali} variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs |
| 1179 | will try to run GNAT for you whenever cross-reference information is |
| 1180 | needed, and is older than the current source file. |
| 1181 | |
| 1182 | @node Identifier completion |
| 1183 | @chapter Identifier completion |
| 1184 | |
| 1185 | Emacs and Ada mode provide two general ways for the completion of |
| 1186 | identifiers. This is an easy way to type faster: you just have to type |
| 1187 | the first few letters of an identifiers, and then loop through all the |
| 1188 | possible completions. |
| 1189 | |
| 1190 | The first method is general for Emacs. It works by parsing all open |
| 1191 | files for possible completions. |
| 1192 | |
| 1193 | For instance, if the words @samp{my_identifier}, @samp{my_subprogram} |
| 1194 | are the only words starting with @samp{my} in any of the opened files, |
| 1195 | then you will have this scenario: |
| 1196 | |
| 1197 | @example |
| 1198 | You type: my@kbd{M-/} |
| 1199 | Emacs inserts: @samp{my_identifier} |
| 1200 | If you press @kbd{M-/} once again, Emacs replaces @samp{my_identifier} with |
| 1201 | @samp{my_subprogram}. |
| 1202 | Pressing @kbd{M-/} once more will bring you back to @samp{my_identifier}. |
| 1203 | @end example |
| 1204 | |
| 1205 | This is a very fast way to do completion, and the casing of words will |
| 1206 | also be respected. |
| 1207 | |
| 1208 | The second method (@kbd{C-@key{TAB}}) is specific to Ada mode and the GNAT |
| 1209 | compiler. Emacs will search the cross-information for possible |
| 1210 | completions. |
| 1211 | |
| 1212 | The main advantage is that this completion is more accurate: only |
| 1213 | existing identifier will be suggested. |
| 1214 | |
| 1215 | On the other hand, this completion is a little bit slower and requires |
| 1216 | that you have compiled your file at least once since you created that |
| 1217 | identifier. |
| 1218 | |
| 1219 | @table @kbd |
| 1220 | @item C-@key{TAB} |
| 1221 | @findex ada-complete-identifier |
| 1222 | Complete current identifier using cross-reference information. |
| 1223 | @item M-/ |
| 1224 | Complete identifier using buffer information (not Ada-specific). |
| 1225 | @end table |
| 1226 | |
| 1227 | @node Automatic Smart Indentation |
| 1228 | @chapter Automatic Smart Indentation |
| 1229 | |
| 1230 | Ada mode comes with a full set of rules for automatic indentation. You |
| 1231 | can also configure the indentation, via the following variables: |
| 1232 | |
| 1233 | @table @asis |
| 1234 | @item @code{ada-broken-indent} (default value: 2) |
| 1235 | Number of columns to indent the continuation of a broken line. |
| 1236 | |
| 1237 | @item @code{ada-indent} (default value: 3) |
| 1238 | Number of columns for default indentation. |
| 1239 | |
| 1240 | @item @code{ada-indent-record-rel-type} (default value: 3) |
| 1241 | Indentation for @code{record} relative to @code{type} or @code{use}. |
| 1242 | |
| 1243 | @item @code{ada-indent-return} (default value: 0) |
| 1244 | Indentation for @code{return} relative to @code{function} (if |
| 1245 | @code{ada-indent-return} is greater than 0), or the open parenthesis |
| 1246 | (if @code{ada-indent-return} is negative or 0). Note that in the second |
| 1247 | case, when there is no open parenthesis, the indentation is done |
| 1248 | relative to @code{function} with the value of @code{ada-broken-indent}. |
| 1249 | |
| 1250 | @item @code{ada-label-indent} (default value: -4) |
| 1251 | Number of columns to indent a label. |
| 1252 | |
| 1253 | @item @code{ada-stmt-end-indent} (default value: 0) |
| 1254 | Number of columns to indent a statement @code{end} keyword on a separate line. |
| 1255 | |
| 1256 | @item @code{ada-when-indent} (default value: 3) |
| 1257 | Indentation for @code{when} relative to @code{exception} or @code{case}. |
| 1258 | |
| 1259 | @item @code{ada-indent-is-separate} (default value: t) |
| 1260 | Non-@code{nil} means indent @code{is separate} or @code{is abstract} if on a single line. |
| 1261 | |
| 1262 | @item @code{ada-indent-to-open-paren} (default value: t) |
| 1263 | Non-@code{nil} means indent according to the innermost open parenthesis. |
| 1264 | |
| 1265 | @item @code{ada-indent-after-return} (default value: t) |
| 1266 | Non-@code{nil} means that the current line will also be re-indented |
| 1267 | before inserting a newline, when you press @key{RET}. |
| 1268 | @end table |
| 1269 | |
| 1270 | Most of the time, the indentation will be automatic, i.e., when you |
| 1271 | press @key{RET}, the cursor will move to the correct column on the |
| 1272 | next line. |
| 1273 | |
| 1274 | You can also indent single lines, or the current region, with @key{TAB}. |
| 1275 | |
| 1276 | Another mode of indentation exists that helps you to set up your |
| 1277 | indentation scheme. If you press @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}}, Ada mode will do |
| 1278 | the following: |
| 1279 | |
| 1280 | @itemize @bullet |
| 1281 | @item |
| 1282 | Reindent the current line, as @key{TAB} would do. |
| 1283 | @item |
| 1284 | Temporarily move the cursor to a reference line, i.e., the line that |
| 1285 | was used to calculate the current indentation. |
| 1286 | @item |
| 1287 | Display in the message window the name of the variable that provided |
| 1288 | the offset for the indentation. |
| 1289 | @end itemize |
| 1290 | |
| 1291 | The exact indentation of the current line is the same as the one for the |
| 1292 | reference line, plus an offset given by the variable. |
| 1293 | |
| 1294 | @table @kbd |
| 1295 | @item @key{TAB} |
| 1296 | Indent the current line or the current region. |
| 1297 | @item C-M-\ |
| 1298 | Indent lines in the current region. |
| 1299 | @item C-c @key{TAB} |
| 1300 | Indent the current line and display the name of the variable used for |
| 1301 | indentation. |
| 1302 | @end table |
| 1303 | |
| 1304 | @node Formatting Parameter Lists |
| 1305 | @chapter Formatting Parameter Lists |
| 1306 | |
| 1307 | @table @kbd |
| 1308 | @item C-c C-f |
| 1309 | @findex ada-format-paramlist |
| 1310 | Format the parameter list (@code{ada-format-paramlist}). |
| 1311 | @end table |
| 1312 | |
| 1313 | This aligns the declarations on the colon (@samp{:}) separating |
| 1314 | argument names and argument types, and aligns the @code{in}, |
| 1315 | @code{out} and @code{in out} keywords. |
| 1316 | |
| 1317 | @node Automatic Casing |
| 1318 | @chapter Automatic Casing |
| 1319 | |
| 1320 | Casing of identifiers, attributes and keywords is automatically |
| 1321 | performed while typing when the variable @code{ada-auto-case} is set. |
| 1322 | Every time you press a word separator, the previous word is |
| 1323 | automatically cased. |
| 1324 | |
| 1325 | You can customize the automatic casing differently for keywords, |
| 1326 | attributes and identifiers. The relevant variables are the following: |
| 1327 | @code{ada-case-keyword}, @code{ada-case-attribute} and |
| 1328 | @code{ada-case-identifier}. |
| 1329 | |
| 1330 | All these variables can have one of the following values: |
| 1331 | |
| 1332 | @table @code |
| 1333 | @item downcase-word |
| 1334 | The word will be lowercase. For instance @code{My_vARIable} is |
| 1335 | converted to @code{my_variable}. |
| 1336 | |
| 1337 | @item upcase-word |
| 1338 | The word will be uppercase. For instance @code{My_vARIable} is |
| 1339 | converted to @code{MY_VARIABLE}. |
| 1340 | |
| 1341 | @item ada-capitalize-word |
| 1342 | The first letter and each letter following an underscore (@samp{_}) |
| 1343 | are uppercase, others are lowercase. For instance @code{My_vARIable} |
| 1344 | is converted to @code{My_Variable}. |
| 1345 | |
| 1346 | @item ada-loose-case-word |
| 1347 | Characters after an underscore @samp{_} character are uppercase, |
| 1348 | others are not modified. For instance @code{My_vARIable} is converted |
| 1349 | to @code{My_VARIable}. |
| 1350 | @end table |
| 1351 | |
| 1352 | Ada mode allows you to define exceptions to these rules, in a file |
| 1353 | specified by the variable @code{ada-case-exception-file} |
| 1354 | (default @file{~/.emacs_case_exceptions}). Each line in this file |
| 1355 | specifies the casing of one word or word fragment. Comments may be |
| 1356 | included, separated from the word by a space. |
| 1357 | |
| 1358 | If the word starts with an asterisk (@key{*}), it defines the casing |
| 1359 | as a word fragment (or ``substring''); part of a word between two |
| 1360 | underscores or word boundary. |
| 1361 | |
| 1362 | For example: |
| 1363 | |
| 1364 | @example |
| 1365 | DOD Department of Defense |
| 1366 | *IO |
| 1367 | GNAT The GNAT compiler from Ada Core Technologies |
| 1368 | @end example |
| 1369 | |
| 1370 | The word fragment @code{*IO} applies to any word containing ``_io''; |
| 1371 | @code{Text_IO}, @code{Hardware_IO}, etc. |
| 1372 | |
| 1373 | @findex ada-create-case-exception |
| 1374 | There are two ways to add new items to this file: you can simply edit |
| 1375 | it as you would edit any text file. Or you can position point on the |
| 1376 | word you want to add, and select menu @samp{Ada | Edit | Create Case |
| 1377 | Exception}, or press @kbd{C-c C-y} (@code{ada-create-case-exception}). |
| 1378 | The word will automatically be added to the current list of exceptions |
| 1379 | and to the file. |
| 1380 | |
| 1381 | To define a word fragment case exception, select the word fragment, |
| 1382 | then select menu @samp{Ada | Edit | Create Case Exception Substring}. |
| 1383 | |
| 1384 | It is sometimes useful to have multiple exception files around (for |
| 1385 | instance, one could be the standard Ada acronyms, the second some |
| 1386 | company specific exceptions, and the last one some project specific |
| 1387 | exceptions). If you set up the variable @code{ada-case-exception-file} |
| 1388 | as a list of files, each of them will be parsed and used in your emacs |
| 1389 | session. However, when you save a new exception through the menu, as |
| 1390 | described above, the new exception will be added to the first file in |
| 1391 | the list. |
| 1392 | |
| 1393 | @table @kbd |
| 1394 | @item C-c C-b |
| 1395 | @findex ada-adjust-case-buffer |
| 1396 | Adjust case in the whole buffer (@code{ada-adjust-case-buffer}). |
| 1397 | @item C-c C-y |
| 1398 | Create a new entry in the exception dictionary, with the word under |
| 1399 | the cursor (@code{ada-create-case-exception}) |
| 1400 | @item C-c C-t |
| 1401 | @findex ada-case-read-exceptions |
| 1402 | Rereads the exception dictionary from the file |
| 1403 | @code{ada-case-exception-file} (@code{ada-case-read-exceptions}). |
| 1404 | @end table |
| 1405 | |
| 1406 | @node Statement Templates |
| 1407 | @chapter Statement Templates |
| 1408 | |
| 1409 | Templates are defined for most Ada statements, using the Emacs |
| 1410 | ``skeleton'' package. They can be inserted in the buffer using the |
| 1411 | following commands: |
| 1412 | |
| 1413 | @table @kbd |
| 1414 | @item C-c t b |
| 1415 | @findex ada-exception-block |
| 1416 | exception Block (@code{ada-exception-block}). |
| 1417 | @item C-c t c |
| 1418 | @findex ada-case |
| 1419 | case (@code{ada-case}). |
| 1420 | @item C-c t d |
| 1421 | @findex ada-declare-block |
| 1422 | declare Block (@code{ada-declare-block}). |
| 1423 | @item C-c t e |
| 1424 | @findex ada-else |
| 1425 | else (@code{ada-else}). |
| 1426 | @item C-c t f |
| 1427 | @findex ada-for-loop |
| 1428 | for Loop (@code{ada-for-loop}). |
| 1429 | @item C-c t h |
| 1430 | @findex ada-header |
| 1431 | Header (@code{ada-header}). |
| 1432 | @item C-c t i |
| 1433 | @findex ada-if |
| 1434 | if (@code{ada-if}). |
| 1435 | @item C-c t k |
| 1436 | @findex ada-package-body |
| 1437 | package Body (@code{ada-package-body}). |
| 1438 | @item C-c t l |
| 1439 | @findex ada-loop |
| 1440 | loop (@code{ada-loop}). |
| 1441 | @item C-c p |
| 1442 | @findex ada-subprogram-body |
| 1443 | subprogram body (@code{ada-subprogram-body}). |
| 1444 | @item C-c t t |
| 1445 | @findex ada-task-body |
| 1446 | task Body (@code{ada-task-body}). |
| 1447 | @item C-c t w |
| 1448 | @findex ada-while |
| 1449 | while Loop (@code{ada-while}). |
| 1450 | @item C-c t u |
| 1451 | @findex ada-use |
| 1452 | use (@code{ada-use}). |
| 1453 | @item C-c t x |
| 1454 | @findex ada-exit |
| 1455 | exit (@code{ada-exit}). |
| 1456 | @item C-c t C-a |
| 1457 | @findex ada-array |
| 1458 | array (@code{ada-array}). |
| 1459 | @item C-c t C-e |
| 1460 | @findex ada-elsif |
| 1461 | elsif (@code{ada-elsif}). |
| 1462 | @item C-c t C-f |
| 1463 | @findex ada-function-spec |
| 1464 | function Spec (@code{ada-function-spec}). |
| 1465 | @item C-c t C-k |
| 1466 | @findex ada-package-spec |
| 1467 | package Spec (@code{ada-package-spec}). |
| 1468 | @item C-c t C-p |
| 1469 | @findex ada-procedure-spec |
| 1470 | procedure Spec (@code{ada-package-spec}. |
| 1471 | @item C-c t C-r |
| 1472 | @findex ada-record |
| 1473 | record (@code{ada-record}). |
| 1474 | @item C-c t C-s |
| 1475 | @findex ada-subtype |
| 1476 | subtype (@code{ada-subtype}). |
| 1477 | @item C-c t C-t |
| 1478 | @findex ada-task-spec |
| 1479 | task Spec (@code{ada-task-spec}). |
| 1480 | @item C-c t C-u |
| 1481 | @findex ada-with |
| 1482 | with (@code{ada-with}). |
| 1483 | @item C-c t C-v |
| 1484 | @findex ada-private |
| 1485 | private (@code{ada-private}). |
| 1486 | @item C-c t C-w |
| 1487 | @findex ada-when |
| 1488 | when (@code{ada-when}). |
| 1489 | @item C-c t C-x |
| 1490 | @findex ada-exception |
| 1491 | exception (@code{ada-exception}). |
| 1492 | @item C-c t C-y |
| 1493 | @findex ada-type |
| 1494 | type (@code{ada-type}). |
| 1495 | @end table |
| 1496 | |
| 1497 | @node Comment Handling |
| 1498 | @chapter Comment Handling |
| 1499 | |
| 1500 | By default, comment lines get indented like Ada code. There are a few |
| 1501 | additional functions to handle comments: |
| 1502 | |
| 1503 | @table @kbd |
| 1504 | @item M-; |
| 1505 | Start a comment in default column. |
| 1506 | @item M-j |
| 1507 | Continue comment on next line. |
| 1508 | @item C-c ; |
| 1509 | Comment the selected region (add @samp{--} at the beginning of lines). |
| 1510 | @item C-c : |
| 1511 | Uncomment the selected region |
| 1512 | @item M-q |
| 1513 | autofill the current comment. |
| 1514 | @end table |
| 1515 | |
| 1516 | @node GNU Free Documentation License |
| 1517 | @appendix GNU Free Documentation License |
| 1518 | @include doclicense.texi |
| 1519 | |
| 1520 | @node Index |
| 1521 | @unnumbered Index |
| 1522 | |
| 1523 | @printindex fn |
| 1524 | |
| 1525 | @bye |