| 1 | GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2006-05-31 |
| 2 | |
| 3 | Copyright (C) 2000-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 4 | See the end of the file for license conditions. |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | This file is about changes in emacs version 21. |
| 8 | |
| 9 | |
| 10 | \f |
| 11 | * Emacs 21.4 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes. |
| 12 | |
| 13 | |
| 14 | \f |
| 15 | * Installation changes in Emacs 21.3 |
| 16 | |
| 17 | ** Support for GNU/Linux on little-endian MIPS and on IBM S390 has |
| 18 | been added. |
| 19 | |
| 20 | \f |
| 21 | * Changes in Emacs 21.3 |
| 22 | |
| 23 | ** The obsolete C mode (c-mode.el) has been removed to avoid problems |
| 24 | with Custom. |
| 25 | |
| 26 | ** UTF-16 coding systems are available, encoding the same characters |
| 27 | as mule-utf-8. |
| 28 | |
| 29 | ** There is a new language environment for UTF-8 (set up automatically |
| 30 | in UTF-8 locales). |
| 31 | |
| 32 | ** Translation tables are available between equivalent characters in |
| 33 | different Emacs charsets -- for instance `e with acute' coming from the |
| 34 | Latin-1 and Latin-2 charsets. User options `unify-8859-on-encoding-mode' |
| 35 | and `unify-8859-on-decoding-mode' respectively turn on translation |
| 36 | between ISO 8859 character sets (`unification') on encoding |
| 37 | (e.g. writing a file) and decoding (e.g. reading a file). Note that |
| 38 | `unify-8859-on-encoding-mode' is useful and safe, but |
| 39 | `unify-8859-on-decoding-mode' can cause text to change when you read |
| 40 | it and write it out again without edits, so it is not generally advisable. |
| 41 | By default `unify-8859-on-encoding-mode' is turned on. |
| 42 | |
| 43 | ** In Emacs running on the X window system, the default value of |
| 44 | `selection-coding-system' is now `compound-text-with-extensions'. |
| 45 | |
| 46 | If you want the old behavior, set selection-coding-system to |
| 47 | compound-text, which may be significantly more efficient. Using |
| 48 | compound-text-with-extensions seems to be necessary only for decoding |
| 49 | text from applications under XFree86 4.2, whose behavior is actually |
| 50 | contrary to the compound text specification. |
| 51 | |
| 52 | |
| 53 | \f |
| 54 | * Installation changes in Emacs 21.2 |
| 55 | |
| 56 | ** Support for BSD/OS 5.0 has been added. |
| 57 | |
| 58 | ** Support for AIX 5.1 was added. |
| 59 | |
| 60 | \f |
| 61 | * Changes in Emacs 21.2 |
| 62 | |
| 63 | ** Emacs now supports compound-text extended segments in X selections. |
| 64 | |
| 65 | X applications can use `extended segments' to encode characters in |
| 66 | compound text that belong to character sets which are not part of the |
| 67 | list of approved standard encodings for X, e.g. Big5. To paste |
| 68 | selections with such characters into Emacs, use the new coding system |
| 69 | compound-text-with-extensions as the value of selection-coding-system. |
| 70 | |
| 71 | ** The default values of `tooltip-delay' and `tooltip-hide-delay' |
| 72 | were changed. |
| 73 | |
| 74 | ** On terminals whose erase-char is ^H (Backspace), Emacs |
| 75 | now uses normal-erase-is-backspace-mode. |
| 76 | |
| 77 | ** When the *scratch* buffer is recreated, its mode is set from |
| 78 | initial-major-mode, which normally is lisp-interaction-mode, |
| 79 | instead of using default-major-mode. |
| 80 | |
| 81 | ** The new option `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' causes Info to behave |
| 82 | like the stand-alone Info reader (from the GNU Texinfo package) as far |
| 83 | as motion between nodes and their subnodes is concerned. If it is t |
| 84 | (the default), Emacs behaves as before when you type SPC in a menu: it |
| 85 | visits the subnode pointed to by the first menu entry. If this option |
| 86 | is nil, SPC scrolls to the end of the current node, and only then goes |
| 87 | to the first menu item, like the stand-alone reader does. |
| 88 | |
| 89 | This change was already in Emacs 21.1, but wasn't advertised in the |
| 90 | NEWS. |
| 91 | |
| 92 | \f |
| 93 | * Lisp Changes in Emacs 21.2 |
| 94 | |
| 95 | ** The meanings of scroll-up-aggressively and scroll-down-aggressively |
| 96 | have been interchanged, so that the former now controls scrolling up, |
| 97 | and the latter now controls scrolling down. |
| 98 | |
| 99 | ** The variable `compilation-parse-errors-filename-function' can |
| 100 | be used to transform filenames found in compilation output. |
| 101 | |
| 102 | |
| 103 | \f |
| 104 | * Installation Changes in Emacs 21.1 |
| 105 | |
| 106 | See the INSTALL file for information on installing extra libraries and |
| 107 | fonts to take advantage of the new graphical features and extra |
| 108 | charsets in this release. |
| 109 | |
| 110 | ** Support for GNU/Linux on IA64 machines has been added. |
| 111 | |
| 112 | ** Support for LynxOS has been added. |
| 113 | |
| 114 | ** There are new configure options associated with the support for |
| 115 | images and toolkit scrollbars. Use the --help option in `configure' |
| 116 | to list them. |
| 117 | |
| 118 | ** You can build a 64-bit Emacs for SPARC/Solaris systems which |
| 119 | support 64-bit executables and also on Irix 6.5. This increases the |
| 120 | maximum buffer size. See etc/MACHINES for instructions. Changes to |
| 121 | build on other 64-bit systems should be straightforward modulo any |
| 122 | necessary changes to unexec. |
| 123 | |
| 124 | ** There is a new configure option `--disable-largefile' to omit |
| 125 | Unix-98-style support for large files if that is available. |
| 126 | |
| 127 | ** There is a new configure option `--without-xim' that instructs |
| 128 | Emacs to not use X Input Methods (XIM), if these are available. |
| 129 | |
| 130 | ** `movemail' defaults to supporting POP. You can turn this off using |
| 131 | the --without-pop configure option, should that be necessary. |
| 132 | |
| 133 | ** This version can be built for the Macintosh, but does not implement |
| 134 | all of the new display features described below. The port currently |
| 135 | lacks unexec, asynchronous processes, and networking support. See the |
| 136 | "Emacs and the Mac OS" appendix in the Emacs manual, for the |
| 137 | description of aspects specific to the Mac. |
| 138 | |
| 139 | ** Note that the MS-Windows port does not yet implement various of the |
| 140 | new display features described below. |
| 141 | |
| 142 | \f |
| 143 | * Changes in Emacs 21.1 |
| 144 | |
| 145 | ** Emacs has a new redisplay engine. |
| 146 | |
| 147 | The new redisplay handles characters of variable width and height. |
| 148 | Italic text can be used without redisplay problems. Fonts containing |
| 149 | oversized characters, i.e. characters larger than the logical height |
| 150 | of a font can be used. Images of various formats can be displayed in |
| 151 | the text. |
| 152 | |
| 153 | ** Emacs has a new face implementation. |
| 154 | |
| 155 | The new faces no longer fundamentally use X font names to specify the |
| 156 | font. Instead, each face has several independent attributes--family, |
| 157 | height, width, weight and slant--that it may or may not specify. |
| 158 | These attributes can be merged from various faces, and then together |
| 159 | specify a font. |
| 160 | |
| 161 | Faces are supported on terminals that can display color or fonts. |
| 162 | These terminal capabilities are auto-detected. Details can be found |
| 163 | under Lisp changes, below. |
| 164 | |
| 165 | ** Emacs can display faces on TTY frames. |
| 166 | |
| 167 | Emacs automatically detects terminals that are able to display colors. |
| 168 | Faces with a weight greater than normal are displayed extra-bright, if |
| 169 | the terminal supports it. Faces with a weight less than normal and |
| 170 | italic faces are displayed dimmed, if the terminal supports it. |
| 171 | Underlined faces are displayed underlined if possible. Other face |
| 172 | attributes such as `overline', `strike-through', and `box' are ignored |
| 173 | on terminals. |
| 174 | |
| 175 | The command-line options `-fg COLOR', `-bg COLOR', and `-rv' are now |
| 176 | supported on character terminals. |
| 177 | |
| 178 | Emacs automatically remaps all X-style color specifications to one of |
| 179 | the colors supported by the terminal. This means you could have the |
| 180 | same color customizations that work both on a windowed display and on |
| 181 | a TTY or when Emacs is invoked with the -nw option. |
| 182 | |
| 183 | ** New default font is Courier 12pt under X. |
| 184 | |
| 185 | ** Sound support |
| 186 | |
| 187 | Emacs supports playing sound files on GNU/Linux and FreeBSD (Voxware |
| 188 | driver and native BSD driver, a.k.a. Luigi's driver). Currently |
| 189 | supported file formats are RIFF-WAVE (*.wav) and Sun Audio (*.au). |
| 190 | You must configure Emacs with the option `--with-sound=yes' to enable |
| 191 | sound support. |
| 192 | |
| 193 | ** Emacs now resizes mini-windows if appropriate. |
| 194 | |
| 195 | If a message is longer than one line, or minibuffer contents are |
| 196 | longer than one line, Emacs can resize the minibuffer window unless it |
| 197 | is on a frame of its own. You can control resizing and the maximum |
| 198 | minibuffer window size by setting the following variables: |
| 199 | |
| 200 | - User option: max-mini-window-height |
| 201 | |
| 202 | Maximum height for resizing mini-windows. If a float, it specifies a |
| 203 | fraction of the mini-window frame's height. If an integer, it |
| 204 | specifies a number of lines. |
| 205 | |
| 206 | Default is 0.25. |
| 207 | |
| 208 | - User option: resize-mini-windows |
| 209 | |
| 210 | How to resize mini-windows. If nil, don't resize. If t, always |
| 211 | resize to fit the size of the text. If `grow-only', let mini-windows |
| 212 | grow only, until they become empty, at which point they are shrunk |
| 213 | again. |
| 214 | |
| 215 | Default is `grow-only'. |
| 216 | |
| 217 | ** LessTif support. |
| 218 | |
| 219 | Emacs now runs with the LessTif toolkit (see |
| 220 | <http://www.lesstif.org>). You will need version 0.92.26, or later. |
| 221 | |
| 222 | ** LessTif/Motif file selection dialog. |
| 223 | |
| 224 | When Emacs is configured to use LessTif or Motif, reading a file name |
| 225 | from a menu will pop up a file selection dialog if `use-dialog-box' is |
| 226 | non-nil. |
| 227 | |
| 228 | ** File selection dialog on MS-Windows is supported. |
| 229 | |
| 230 | When a file is visited by clicking File->Open, the MS-Windows version |
| 231 | now pops up a standard file selection dialog where you can select a |
| 232 | file to visit. File->Save As also pops up that dialog. |
| 233 | |
| 234 | ** Toolkit scroll bars. |
| 235 | |
| 236 | Emacs now uses toolkit scroll bars if available. When configured for |
| 237 | LessTif/Motif, it will use that toolkit's scroll bar. Otherwise, when |
| 238 | configured for Lucid and Athena widgets, it will use the Xaw3d scroll |
| 239 | bar if Xaw3d is available. You can turn off the use of toolkit scroll |
| 240 | bars by specifying `--with-toolkit-scroll-bars=no' when configuring |
| 241 | Emacs. |
| 242 | |
| 243 | When you encounter problems with the Xaw3d scroll bar, watch out how |
| 244 | Xaw3d is compiled on your system. If the Makefile generated from |
| 245 | Xaw3d's Imakefile contains a `-DNARROWPROTO' compiler option, and your |
| 246 | Emacs system configuration file `s/your-system.h' does not contain a |
| 247 | define for NARROWPROTO, you might consider adding it. Take |
| 248 | `s/freebsd.h' as an example. |
| 249 | |
| 250 | Alternatively, if you don't have access to the Xaw3d source code, take |
| 251 | a look at your system's imake configuration file, for example in the |
| 252 | directory `/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/config' (paths are different on |
| 253 | different systems). You will find files `*.cf' there. If your |
| 254 | system's cf-file contains a line like `#define NeedWidePrototypes NO', |
| 255 | add a `#define NARROWPROTO' to your Emacs system configuration file. |
| 256 | |
| 257 | The reason for this is that one Xaw3d function uses `double' or |
| 258 | `float' function parameters depending on the setting of NARROWPROTO. |
| 259 | This is not a problem when Imakefiles are used because each system's |
| 260 | imake configuration file contains the necessary information. Since |
| 261 | Emacs doesn't use imake, this has do be done manually. |
| 262 | |
| 263 | ** Tool bar support. |
| 264 | |
| 265 | Emacs supports a tool bar at the top of a frame under X. For details |
| 266 | of how to define a tool bar, see the page describing Lisp-level |
| 267 | changes. Tool-bar global minor mode controls whether or not it is |
| 268 | displayed and is on by default. The appearance of the bar is improved |
| 269 | if Emacs has been built with XPM image support. Otherwise monochrome |
| 270 | icons will be used. |
| 271 | |
| 272 | To make the tool bar more useful, we need contributions of extra icons |
| 273 | for specific modes (with copyright assignments). |
| 274 | |
| 275 | ** Tooltips. |
| 276 | |
| 277 | Tooltips are small X windows displaying a help string at the current |
| 278 | mouse position. The Lisp package `tooltip' implements them. You can |
| 279 | turn them off via the user option `tooltip-mode'. |
| 280 | |
| 281 | Tooltips also provides support for GUD debugging. If activated, |
| 282 | variable values can be displayed in tooltips by pointing at them with |
| 283 | the mouse in source buffers. You can customize various aspects of the |
| 284 | tooltip display in the group `tooltip'. |
| 285 | |
| 286 | ** Automatic Hscrolling |
| 287 | |
| 288 | Horizontal scrolling now happens automatically if |
| 289 | `automatic-hscrolling' is set (the default). This setting can be |
| 290 | customized. |
| 291 | |
| 292 | If a window is scrolled horizontally with set-window-hscroll, or |
| 293 | scroll-left/scroll-right (C-x <, C-x >), this serves as a lower bound |
| 294 | for automatic horizontal scrolling. Automatic scrolling will scroll |
| 295 | the text more to the left if necessary, but won't scroll the text more |
| 296 | to the right than the column set with set-window-hscroll etc. |
| 297 | |
| 298 | ** When using a windowing terminal, each Emacs window now has a cursor |
| 299 | of its own. By default, when a window is selected, the cursor is |
| 300 | solid; otherwise, it is hollow. The user-option |
| 301 | `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' controls how to display the |
| 302 | cursor in non-selected windows. If nil, no cursor is shown, if |
| 303 | non-nil a hollow box cursor is shown. |
| 304 | |
| 305 | ** Fringes to the left and right of windows are used to display |
| 306 | truncation marks, continuation marks, overlay arrows and alike. The |
| 307 | foreground, background, and stipple of these areas can be changed by |
| 308 | customizing face `fringe'. |
| 309 | |
| 310 | ** The mode line under X is now drawn with shadows by default. |
| 311 | You can change its appearance by modifying the face `mode-line'. |
| 312 | In particular, setting the `:box' attribute to nil turns off the 3D |
| 313 | appearance of the mode line. (The 3D appearance makes the mode line |
| 314 | occupy more space, and thus might cause the first or the last line of |
| 315 | the window to be partially obscured.) |
| 316 | |
| 317 | The variable `mode-line-inverse-video', which was used in older |
| 318 | versions of emacs to make the mode-line stand out, is now deprecated. |
| 319 | However, setting it to nil will cause the `mode-line' face to be |
| 320 | ignored, and mode-lines to be drawn using the default text face. |
| 321 | |
| 322 | ** Mouse-sensitive mode line. |
| 323 | |
| 324 | Different parts of the mode line have been made mouse-sensitive on all |
| 325 | systems which support the mouse. Moving the mouse to a |
| 326 | mouse-sensitive part in the mode line changes the appearance of the |
| 327 | mouse pointer to an arrow, and help about available mouse actions is |
| 328 | displayed either in the echo area, or in the tooltip window if you |
| 329 | have enabled one. |
| 330 | |
| 331 | Currently, the following actions have been defined: |
| 332 | |
| 333 | - Mouse-1 on the buffer name in the mode line goes to the next buffer. |
| 334 | |
| 335 | - Mouse-3 on the buffer-name goes to the previous buffer. |
| 336 | |
| 337 | - Mouse-2 on the read-only or modified status in the mode line (`%' or |
| 338 | `*') toggles the status. |
| 339 | |
| 340 | - Mouse-3 on the major mode name displays a major mode menu. |
| 341 | |
| 342 | - Mouse-3 on the mode name displays a minor-mode menu. |
| 343 | |
| 344 | ** Hourglass pointer |
| 345 | |
| 346 | Emacs can optionally display an hourglass pointer under X. You can |
| 347 | turn the display on or off by customizing group `cursor'. |
| 348 | |
| 349 | ** Blinking cursor |
| 350 | |
| 351 | M-x blink-cursor-mode toggles a blinking cursor under X and on |
| 352 | terminals having terminal capabilities `vi', `vs', and `ve'. Blinking |
| 353 | and related parameters like frequency and delay can be customized in |
| 354 | the group `cursor'. |
| 355 | |
| 356 | ** New font-lock support mode `jit-lock-mode'. |
| 357 | |
| 358 | This support mode is roughly equivalent to `lazy-lock' but is |
| 359 | generally faster. It supports stealth and deferred fontification. |
| 360 | See the documentation of the function `jit-lock-mode' for more |
| 361 | details. |
| 362 | |
| 363 | Font-lock uses jit-lock-mode as default support mode, so you don't |
| 364 | have to do anything to activate it. |
| 365 | |
| 366 | ** The default binding of the Delete key has changed. |
| 367 | |
| 368 | The new user-option `normal-erase-is-backspace' can be set to |
| 369 | determine the effect of the Delete and Backspace function keys. |
| 370 | |
| 371 | On window systems, the default value of this option is chosen |
| 372 | according to the keyboard used. If the keyboard has both a Backspace |
| 373 | key and a Delete key, and both are mapped to their usual meanings, the |
| 374 | option's default value is set to t, so that Backspace can be used to |
| 375 | delete backward, and Delete can be used to delete forward. On |
| 376 | keyboards which either have only one key (usually labeled DEL), or two |
| 377 | keys DEL and BS which produce the same effect, the option's value is |
| 378 | set to nil, and these keys delete backward. |
| 379 | |
| 380 | If not running under a window system, setting this option accomplishes |
| 381 | a similar effect by mapping C-h, which is usually generated by the |
| 382 | Backspace key, to DEL, and by mapping DEL to C-d via |
| 383 | `keyboard-translate'. The former functionality of C-h is available on |
| 384 | the F1 key. You should probably not use this setting on a text-only |
| 385 | terminal if you don't have both Backspace, Delete and F1 keys. |
| 386 | |
| 387 | Programmatically, you can call function normal-erase-is-backspace-mode |
| 388 | to toggle the behavior of the Delete and Backspace keys. |
| 389 | |
| 390 | ** The default for user-option `next-line-add-newlines' has been |
| 391 | changed to nil, i.e. C-n will no longer add newlines at the end of a |
| 392 | buffer by default. |
| 393 | |
| 394 | ** The <home> and <end> keys now move to the beginning or end of the |
| 395 | current line, respectively. C-<home> and C-<end> move to the |
| 396 | beginning and end of the buffer. |
| 397 | |
| 398 | ** Emacs now checks for recursive loads of Lisp files. If the |
| 399 | recursion depth exceeds `recursive-load-depth-limit', an error is |
| 400 | signaled. |
| 401 | |
| 402 | ** When an error is signaled during the loading of the user's init |
| 403 | file, Emacs now pops up the *Messages* buffer. |
| 404 | |
| 405 | ** Emacs now refuses to load compiled Lisp files which weren't |
| 406 | compiled with Emacs. Set `load-dangerous-libraries' to t to change |
| 407 | this behavior. |
| 408 | |
| 409 | The reason for this change is an incompatible change in XEmacs's byte |
| 410 | compiler. Files compiled with XEmacs can contain byte codes that let |
| 411 | Emacs dump core. |
| 412 | |
| 413 | ** Toggle buttons and radio buttons in menus. |
| 414 | |
| 415 | When compiled with LessTif (or Motif) support, Emacs uses toolkit |
| 416 | widgets for radio and toggle buttons in menus. When configured for |
| 417 | Lucid, Emacs draws radio buttons and toggle buttons similar to Motif. |
| 418 | |
| 419 | ** The menu bar configuration has changed. The new configuration is |
| 420 | more CUA-compliant. The most significant change is that Options is |
| 421 | now a separate menu-bar item, with Mule and Customize as its submenus. |
| 422 | |
| 423 | ** Item Save Options on the Options menu allows saving options set |
| 424 | using that menu. |
| 425 | |
| 426 | ** Highlighting of trailing whitespace. |
| 427 | |
| 428 | When `show-trailing-whitespace' is non-nil, Emacs displays trailing |
| 429 | whitespace in the face `trailing-whitespace'. Trailing whitespace is |
| 430 | defined as spaces or tabs at the end of a line. To avoid busy |
| 431 | highlighting when entering new text, trailing whitespace is not |
| 432 | displayed if point is at the end of the line containing the |
| 433 | whitespace. |
| 434 | |
| 435 | ** C-x 5 1 runs the new command delete-other-frames which deletes |
| 436 | all frames except the selected one. |
| 437 | |
| 438 | ** The new user-option `confirm-kill-emacs' can be customized to |
| 439 | let Emacs ask for confirmation before exiting. |
| 440 | |
| 441 | ** The header line in an Info buffer is now displayed as an emacs |
| 442 | header-line (which is like a mode-line, but at the top of the window), |
| 443 | so that it remains visible even when the buffer has been scrolled. |
| 444 | This behavior may be disabled by customizing the option |
| 445 | `Info-use-header-line'. |
| 446 | |
| 447 | ** Polish, Czech, German, and French translations of Emacs' reference card |
| 448 | have been added. They are named `pl-refcard.tex', `cs-refcard.tex', |
| 449 | `de-refcard.tex' and `fr-refcard.tex'. PostScript files are included. |
| 450 | |
| 451 | ** An `Emacs Survival Guide', etc/survival.tex, is available. |
| 452 | |
| 453 | ** A reference card for Dired has been added. Its name is |
| 454 | `dired-ref.tex'. A French translation is available in |
| 455 | `fr-drdref.tex'. |
| 456 | |
| 457 | ** C-down-mouse-3 is bound differently. Now if the menu bar is not |
| 458 | displayed it pops up a menu containing the items which would be on the |
| 459 | menu bar. If the menu bar is displayed, it pops up the major mode |
| 460 | menu or the Edit menu if there is no major mode menu. |
| 461 | |
| 462 | ** Variable `load-path' is no longer customizable through Customize. |
| 463 | |
| 464 | You can no longer use `M-x customize-variable' to customize `load-path' |
| 465 | because it now contains a version-dependent component. You can still |
| 466 | use `add-to-list' and `setq' to customize this variable in your |
| 467 | `~/.emacs' init file or to modify it from any Lisp program in general. |
| 468 | |
| 469 | ** C-u C-x = provides detailed information about the character at |
| 470 | point in a pop-up window. |
| 471 | |
| 472 | ** Emacs can now support 'wheeled' mice (such as the MS IntelliMouse) |
| 473 | under XFree86. To enable this, use the `mouse-wheel-mode' command, or |
| 474 | customize the variable `mouse-wheel-mode'. |
| 475 | |
| 476 | The variables `mouse-wheel-follow-mouse' and `mouse-wheel-scroll-amount' |
| 477 | determine where and by how much buffers are scrolled. |
| 478 | |
| 479 | ** Emacs' auto-save list files are now by default stored in a |
| 480 | sub-directory `.emacs.d/auto-save-list/' of the user's home directory. |
| 481 | (On MS-DOS, this subdirectory's name is `_emacs.d/auto-save.list/'.) |
| 482 | You can customize `auto-save-list-file-prefix' to change this location. |
| 483 | |
| 484 | ** The function `getenv' is now callable interactively. |
| 485 | |
| 486 | ** The new user-option `even-window-heights' can be set to nil |
| 487 | to prevent `display-buffer' from evening out window heights. |
| 488 | |
| 489 | ** The new command M-x delete-trailing-whitespace RET will delete the |
| 490 | trailing whitespace within the current restriction. You can also add |
| 491 | this function to `write-file-hooks' or `local-write-file-hooks'. |
| 492 | |
| 493 | ** When visiting a file with M-x find-file-literally, no newlines will |
| 494 | be added to the end of the buffer even if `require-final-newline' is |
| 495 | non-nil. |
| 496 | |
| 497 | ** The new user-option `find-file-suppress-same-file-warnings' can be |
| 498 | set to suppress warnings ``X and Y are the same file'' when visiting a |
| 499 | file that is already visited under a different name. |
| 500 | |
| 501 | ** The new user-option `electric-help-shrink-window' can be set to |
| 502 | nil to prevent adjusting the help window size to the buffer size. |
| 503 | |
| 504 | ** New command M-x describe-character-set reads a character set name |
| 505 | and displays information about that. |
| 506 | |
| 507 | ** The new variable `auto-mode-interpreter-regexp' contains a regular |
| 508 | expression matching interpreters, for file mode determination. |
| 509 | |
| 510 | This regular expression is matched against the first line of a file to |
| 511 | determine the file's mode in `set-auto-mode' when Emacs can't deduce a |
| 512 | mode from the file's name. If it matches, the file is assumed to be |
| 513 | interpreted by the interpreter matched by the second group of the |
| 514 | regular expression. The mode is then determined as the mode |
| 515 | associated with that interpreter in `interpreter-mode-alist'. |
| 516 | |
| 517 | ** New function executable-make-buffer-file-executable-if-script-p is |
| 518 | suitable as an after-save-hook as an alternative to `executable-chmod'. |
| 519 | |
| 520 | ** The most preferred coding-system is now used to save a buffer if |
| 521 | buffer-file-coding-system is `undecided' and it is safe for the buffer |
| 522 | contents. (The most preferred is set by set-language-environment or |
| 523 | by M-x prefer-coding-system.) Thus if you visit an ASCII file and |
| 524 | insert a non-ASCII character from your current language environment, |
| 525 | the file will be saved silently with the appropriate coding. |
| 526 | Previously you would be prompted for a safe coding system. |
| 527 | |
| 528 | ** The many obsolete language `setup-...-environment' commands have |
| 529 | been removed -- use `set-language-environment'. |
| 530 | |
| 531 | ** The new Custom option `keyboard-coding-system' specifies a coding |
| 532 | system for keyboard input. |
| 533 | |
| 534 | ** New variable `inhibit-iso-escape-detection' determines if Emacs' |
| 535 | coding system detection algorithm should pay attention to ISO2022's |
| 536 | escape sequences. If this variable is non-nil, the algorithm ignores |
| 537 | such escape sequences. The default value is nil, and it is |
| 538 | recommended not to change it except for the special case that you |
| 539 | always want to read any escape code verbatim. If you just want to |
| 540 | read a specific file without decoding escape codes, use C-x RET c |
| 541 | (`universal-coding-system-argument'). For instance, C-x RET c latin-1 |
| 542 | RET C-x C-f filename RET. |
| 543 | |
| 544 | ** Variable `default-korean-keyboard' is initialized properly from the |
| 545 | environment variable `HANGUL_KEYBOARD_TYPE'. |
| 546 | |
| 547 | ** New command M-x list-charset-chars reads a character set name and |
| 548 | displays all characters in that character set. |
| 549 | |
| 550 | ** M-x set-terminal-coding-system (C-x RET t) now allows CCL-based |
| 551 | coding systems such as cpXXX and cyrillic-koi8. |
| 552 | |
| 553 | ** Emacs now attempts to determine the initial language environment |
| 554 | and preferred and locale coding systems systematically from the |
| 555 | LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, and LANG environment variables during startup. |
| 556 | |
| 557 | ** New language environments `Polish', `Latin-8' and `Latin-9'. |
| 558 | Latin-8 and Latin-9 correspond respectively to the ISO character sets |
| 559 | 8859-14 (Celtic) and 8859-15 (updated Latin-1, with the Euro sign). |
| 560 | GNU Intlfonts doesn't support these yet but recent X releases have |
| 561 | 8859-15. See etc/INSTALL for information on obtaining extra fonts. |
| 562 | There are new Leim input methods for Latin-8 and Latin-9 prefix (only) |
| 563 | and Polish `slash'. |
| 564 | |
| 565 | ** New language environments `Dutch' and `Spanish'. |
| 566 | These new environments mainly select appropriate translations |
| 567 | of the tutorial. |
| 568 | |
| 569 | ** In Ethiopic language environment, special key bindings for |
| 570 | function keys are changed as follows. This is to conform to "Emacs |
| 571 | Lisp Coding Convention". |
| 572 | |
| 573 | new command old-binding |
| 574 | --- ------- ----------- |
| 575 | f3 ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer f5 |
| 576 | S-f3 ethio-fidel-to-sera-region f5 |
| 577 | C-f3 ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker f5 |
| 578 | |
| 579 | f4 ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer unchanged |
| 580 | S-f4 ethio-sera-to-fidel-region unchanged |
| 581 | C-f4 ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker unchanged |
| 582 | |
| 583 | S-f5 ethio-toggle-punctuation f3 |
| 584 | S-f6 ethio-modify-vowel f6 |
| 585 | S-f7 ethio-replace-space f7 |
| 586 | S-f8 ethio-input-special-character f8 |
| 587 | S-f9 ethio-replace-space unchanged |
| 588 | C-f9 ethio-toggle-space f2 |
| 589 | |
| 590 | ** There are new Leim input methods. |
| 591 | New input methods "turkish-postfix", "turkish-alt-postfix", |
| 592 | "greek-mizuochi", "TeX", and "greek-babel" are now part of the Leim |
| 593 | package. |
| 594 | |
| 595 | ** The rule of input method "slovak" is slightly changed. Now the |
| 596 | rules for translating "q" and "Q" to "`" (backquote) are deleted, thus |
| 597 | typing them inserts "q" and "Q" respectively. Rules for translating |
| 598 | "=q", "+q", "=Q", and "+Q" to "`" are also deleted. Now, to input |
| 599 | "`", you must type "=q". |
| 600 | |
| 601 | ** When your terminal can't display characters from some of the ISO |
| 602 | 8859 character sets but can display Latin-1, you can display |
| 603 | more-or-less mnemonic sequences of ASCII/Latin-1 characters instead of |
| 604 | empty boxes (under a window system) or question marks (not under a |
| 605 | window system). Customize the option `latin1-display' to turn this |
| 606 | on. |
| 607 | |
| 608 | ** M-; now calls comment-dwim which tries to do something clever based |
| 609 | on the context. M-x kill-comment is now an alias to comment-kill, |
| 610 | defined in newcomment.el. You can choose different styles of region |
| 611 | commenting with the variable `comment-style'. |
| 612 | |
| 613 | ** New user options `display-time-mail-face' and |
| 614 | `display-time-use-mail-icon' control the appearance of mode-line mail |
| 615 | indicator used by the display-time package. On a suitable display the |
| 616 | indicator can be an icon and is mouse-sensitive. |
| 617 | |
| 618 | ** On window-systems, additional space can be put between text lines |
| 619 | on the display using several methods |
| 620 | |
| 621 | - By setting frame parameter `line-spacing' to PIXELS. PIXELS must be |
| 622 | a positive integer, and specifies that PIXELS number of pixels should |
| 623 | be put below text lines on the affected frame or frames. |
| 624 | |
| 625 | - By setting X resource `lineSpacing', class `LineSpacing'. This is |
| 626 | equivalent to specifying the frame parameter. |
| 627 | |
| 628 | - By specifying `--line-spacing=N' or `-lsp N' on the command line. |
| 629 | |
| 630 | - By setting buffer-local variable `line-spacing'. The meaning is |
| 631 | the same, but applies to the a particular buffer only. |
| 632 | |
| 633 | ** The new command `clone-indirect-buffer' can be used to create |
| 634 | an indirect buffer that is a twin copy of the current buffer. The |
| 635 | command `clone-indirect-buffer-other-window', bound to C-x 4 c, |
| 636 | does the same but displays the indirect buffer in another window. |
| 637 | |
| 638 | ** New user options `backup-directory-alist' and |
| 639 | `make-backup-file-name-function' control the placement of backups, |
| 640 | typically in a single directory or in an invisible sub-directory. |
| 641 | |
| 642 | ** New commands iso-iso2sgml and iso-sgml2iso convert between Latin-1 |
| 643 | characters and the corresponding SGML (HTML) entities. |
| 644 | |
| 645 | ** New X resources recognized |
| 646 | |
| 647 | *** The X resource `synchronous', class `Synchronous', specifies |
| 648 | whether Emacs should run in synchronous mode. Synchronous mode |
| 649 | is useful for debugging X problems. |
| 650 | |
| 651 | Example: |
| 652 | |
| 653 | emacs.synchronous: true |
| 654 | |
| 655 | *** The X resource `visualClass, class `VisualClass', specifies the |
| 656 | visual Emacs should use. The resource's value should be a string of |
| 657 | the form `CLASS-DEPTH', where CLASS is the name of the visual class, |
| 658 | and DEPTH is the requested color depth as a decimal number. Valid |
| 659 | visual class names are |
| 660 | |
| 661 | TrueColor |
| 662 | PseudoColor |
| 663 | DirectColor |
| 664 | StaticColor |
| 665 | GrayScale |
| 666 | StaticGray |
| 667 | |
| 668 | Visual class names specified as X resource are case-insensitive, i.e. |
| 669 | `pseudocolor', `Pseudocolor' and `PseudoColor' all have the same |
| 670 | meaning. |
| 671 | |
| 672 | The program `xdpyinfo' can be used to list the visual classes |
| 673 | supported on your display, and which depths they have. If |
| 674 | `visualClass' is not specified, Emacs uses the display's default |
| 675 | visual. |
| 676 | |
| 677 | Example: |
| 678 | |
| 679 | emacs.visualClass: TrueColor-8 |
| 680 | |
| 681 | *** The X resource `privateColormap', class `PrivateColormap', |
| 682 | specifies that Emacs should use a private colormap if it is using the |
| 683 | default visual, and that visual is of class PseudoColor. Recognized |
| 684 | resource values are `true' or `on'. |
| 685 | |
| 686 | Example: |
| 687 | |
| 688 | emacs.privateColormap: true |
| 689 | |
| 690 | ** Faces and frame parameters. |
| 691 | |
| 692 | There are four new faces `scroll-bar', `border', `cursor' and `mouse'. |
| 693 | Setting the frame parameters `scroll-bar-foreground' and |
| 694 | `scroll-bar-background' sets foreground and background color of face |
| 695 | `scroll-bar' and vice versa. Setting frame parameter `border-color' |
| 696 | sets the background color of face `border' and vice versa. Likewise |
| 697 | for frame parameters `cursor-color' and face `cursor', and frame |
| 698 | parameter `mouse-color' and face `mouse'. |
| 699 | |
| 700 | Changing frame parameter `font' sets font-related attributes of the |
| 701 | `default' face and vice versa. Setting frame parameters |
| 702 | `foreground-color' or `background-color' sets the colors of the |
| 703 | `default' face and vice versa. |
| 704 | |
| 705 | ** New face `menu'. |
| 706 | |
| 707 | The face `menu' can be used to change colors and font of Emacs' menus. |
| 708 | |
| 709 | ** New frame parameter `screen-gamma' for gamma correction. |
| 710 | |
| 711 | The new frame parameter `screen-gamma' specifies gamma-correction for |
| 712 | colors. Its value may be nil, the default, in which case no gamma |
| 713 | correction occurs, or a number > 0, usually a float, that specifies |
| 714 | the screen gamma of a frame's display. |
| 715 | |
| 716 | PC monitors usually have a screen gamma of 2.2. smaller values result |
| 717 | in darker colors. You might want to try a screen gamma of 1.5 for LCD |
| 718 | color displays. The viewing gamma Emacs uses is 0.4545. (1/2.2). |
| 719 | |
| 720 | The X resource name of this parameter is `screenGamma', class |
| 721 | `ScreenGamma'. |
| 722 | |
| 723 | ** Tabs and variable-width text. |
| 724 | |
| 725 | Tabs are now displayed with stretch properties; the width of a tab is |
| 726 | defined as a multiple of the normal character width of a frame, and is |
| 727 | independent of the fonts used in the text where the tab appears. |
| 728 | Thus, tabs can be used to line up text in different fonts. |
| 729 | |
| 730 | ** Enhancements of the Lucid menu bar |
| 731 | |
| 732 | *** The Lucid menu bar now supports the resource "margin". |
| 733 | |
| 734 | emacs.pane.menubar.margin: 5 |
| 735 | |
| 736 | The default margin is 4 which makes the menu bar appear like the |
| 737 | LessTif/Motif one. |
| 738 | |
| 739 | *** Arrows that indicate sub-menus are now drawn with shadows, as in |
| 740 | LessTif and Motif. |
| 741 | |
| 742 | ** A block cursor can be drawn as wide as the glyph under it under X. |
| 743 | |
| 744 | As an example: if a block cursor is over a tab character, it will be |
| 745 | drawn as wide as that tab on the display. To do this, set |
| 746 | `x-stretch-cursor' to a non-nil value. |
| 747 | |
| 748 | ** Empty display lines at the end of a buffer may be marked with a |
| 749 | bitmap (this is similar to the tilde displayed by vi and Less). |
| 750 | |
| 751 | This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable |
| 752 | `indicate-empty-lines' to a non-nil value. The default value of this |
| 753 | variable is found in `default-indicate-empty-lines'. |
| 754 | |
| 755 | ** There is a new "aggressive" scrolling method. |
| 756 | |
| 757 | When scrolling up because point is above the window start, if the |
| 758 | value of the buffer-local variable `scroll-up-aggressively' is a |
| 759 | number, Emacs chooses a new window start so that point ends up that |
| 760 | fraction of the window's height from the top of the window. |
| 761 | |
| 762 | When scrolling down because point is below the window end, if the |
| 763 | value of the buffer-local variable `scroll-down-aggressively' is a |
| 764 | number, Emacs chooses a new window start so that point ends up that |
| 765 | fraction of the window's height from the bottom of the window. |
| 766 | |
| 767 | ** You can now easily create new *Info* buffers using either |
| 768 | M-x clone-buffer, C-u m <entry> RET or C-u g <entry> RET. |
| 769 | M-x clone-buffer can also be used on *Help* and several other special |
| 770 | buffers. |
| 771 | |
| 772 | ** The command `Info-search' now uses a search history. |
| 773 | |
| 774 | ** Listing buffers with M-x list-buffers (C-x C-b) now shows |
| 775 | abbreviated file names. Abbreviations can be customized by changing |
| 776 | `directory-abbrev-alist'. |
| 777 | |
| 778 | ** A new variable, backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch, gives |
| 779 | the highest file uid for which backup-by-copying-when-mismatch will be |
| 780 | forced on. The assumption is that uids less than or equal to this |
| 781 | value are special uids (root, bin, daemon, etc.--not real system |
| 782 | users) and that files owned by these users should not change ownership, |
| 783 | even if your system policy allows users other than root to edit them. |
| 784 | |
| 785 | The default is 200; set the variable to nil to disable the feature. |
| 786 | |
| 787 | ** The rectangle commands now avoid inserting undesirable spaces, |
| 788 | notably at the end of lines. |
| 789 | |
| 790 | All these functions have been rewritten to avoid inserting unwanted |
| 791 | spaces, and an optional prefix now allows them to behave the old way. |
| 792 | |
| 793 | ** The function `replace-rectangle' is an alias for `string-rectangle'. |
| 794 | |
| 795 | ** The new command M-x string-insert-rectangle is like `string-rectangle', |
| 796 | but inserts text instead of replacing it. |
| 797 | |
| 798 | ** The new command M-x query-replace-regexp-eval acts like |
| 799 | query-replace-regexp, but takes a Lisp expression which is evaluated |
| 800 | after each match to get the replacement text. |
| 801 | |
| 802 | ** M-x query-replace recognizes a new command `e' (or `E') that lets |
| 803 | you edit the replacement string. |
| 804 | |
| 805 | ** The new command mail-abbrev-complete-alias, bound to `M-TAB' |
| 806 | (if you load the library `mailabbrev'), lets you complete mail aliases |
| 807 | in the text, analogous to lisp-complete-symbol. |
| 808 | |
| 809 | ** The variable `echo-keystrokes' may now have a floating point value. |
| 810 | |
| 811 | ** If your init file is compiled (.emacs.elc), `user-init-file' is set |
| 812 | to the source name (.emacs.el), if that exists, after loading it. |
| 813 | |
| 814 | ** The help string specified for a menu-item whose definition contains |
| 815 | the property `:help HELP' is now displayed under X, on MS-Windows, and |
| 816 | MS-DOS, either in the echo area or with tooltips. Many standard menus |
| 817 | displayed by Emacs now have help strings. |
| 818 | |
| 819 | -- |
| 820 | ** New user option `read-mail-command' specifies a command to use to |
| 821 | read mail from the menu etc. |
| 822 | |
| 823 | ** The environment variable `EMACSLOCKDIR' is no longer used on MS-Windows. |
| 824 | This environment variable was used when creating lock files. Emacs on |
| 825 | MS-Windows does not use this variable anymore. This change was made |
| 826 | before Emacs 21.1, but wasn't documented until now. |
| 827 | |
| 828 | ** Highlighting of mouse-sensitive regions is now supported in the |
| 829 | MS-DOS version of Emacs. |
| 830 | |
| 831 | ** The new command `msdos-set-mouse-buttons' forces the MS-DOS version |
| 832 | of Emacs to behave as if the mouse had a specified number of buttons. |
| 833 | This comes handy with mice that don't report their number of buttons |
| 834 | correctly. One example is the wheeled mice, which report 3 buttons, |
| 835 | but clicks on the middle button are not passed to the MS-DOS version |
| 836 | of Emacs. |
| 837 | |
| 838 | ** Customize changes |
| 839 | |
| 840 | *** Customize now supports comments about customized items. Use the |
| 841 | `State' menu to add comments, or give a prefix argument to |
| 842 | M-x customize-set-variable or M-x customize-set-value. Note that |
| 843 | customization comments will cause the customizations to fail in |
| 844 | earlier versions of Emacs. |
| 845 | |
| 846 | *** The new option `custom-buffer-done-function' says whether to kill |
| 847 | Custom buffers when you've done with them or just bury them (the |
| 848 | default). |
| 849 | |
| 850 | *** If Emacs was invoked with the `-q' or `--no-init-file' options, it |
| 851 | does not allow you to save customizations in your `~/.emacs' init |
| 852 | file. This is because saving customizations from such a session would |
| 853 | wipe out all the other customizations you might have on your init |
| 854 | file. |
| 855 | |
| 856 | ** If Emacs was invoked with the `-q' or `--no-init-file' options, it |
| 857 | does not save disabled and enabled commands for future sessions, to |
| 858 | avoid overwriting existing customizations of this kind that are |
| 859 | already in your init file. |
| 860 | |
| 861 | ** New features in evaluation commands |
| 862 | |
| 863 | *** The commands to evaluate Lisp expressions, such as C-M-x in Lisp |
| 864 | modes, C-j in Lisp Interaction mode, and M-:, now bind the variables |
| 865 | print-level, print-length, and debug-on-error based on the new |
| 866 | customizable variables eval-expression-print-level, |
| 867 | eval-expression-print-length, and eval-expression-debug-on-error. |
| 868 | |
| 869 | The default values for the first two of these variables are 12 and 4 |
| 870 | respectively, which means that `eval-expression' now prints at most |
| 871 | the first 12 members of a list and at most 4 nesting levels deep (if |
| 872 | the list is longer or deeper than that, an ellipsis `...' is |
| 873 | printed). |
| 874 | |
| 875 | <RET> or <mouse-2> on the printed text toggles between an abbreviated |
| 876 | printed representation and an unabbreviated one. |
| 877 | |
| 878 | The default value of eval-expression-debug-on-error is t, so any error |
| 879 | during evaluation produces a backtrace. |
| 880 | |
| 881 | *** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) now loads Edebug and instruments |
| 882 | code when called with a prefix argument. |
| 883 | |
| 884 | ** CC mode changes. |
| 885 | |
| 886 | Note: This release contains changes that might not be compatible with |
| 887 | current user setups (although it's believed that these |
| 888 | incompatibilities will only show in very uncommon circumstances). |
| 889 | However, since the impact is uncertain, these changes may be rolled |
| 890 | back depending on user feedback. Therefore there's no forward |
| 891 | compatibility guarantee wrt the new features introduced in this |
| 892 | release. |
| 893 | |
| 894 | *** The hardcoded switch to "java" style in Java mode is gone. |
| 895 | CC Mode used to automatically set the style to "java" when Java mode |
| 896 | is entered. This has now been removed since it caused too much |
| 897 | confusion. |
| 898 | |
| 899 | However, to keep backward compatibility to a certain extent, the |
| 900 | default value for c-default-style now specifies the "java" style for |
| 901 | java-mode, but "gnu" for all other modes (as before). So you won't |
| 902 | notice the change if you haven't touched that variable. |
| 903 | |
| 904 | *** New cleanups, space-before-funcall and compact-empty-funcall. |
| 905 | Two new cleanups have been added to c-cleanup-list: |
| 906 | |
| 907 | space-before-funcall causes a space to be inserted before the opening |
| 908 | parenthesis of a function call, which gives the style "foo (bar)". |
| 909 | |
| 910 | compact-empty-funcall causes any space before a function call opening |
| 911 | parenthesis to be removed if there are no arguments to the function. |
| 912 | It's typically useful together with space-before-funcall to get the |
| 913 | style "foo (bar)" and "foo()". |
| 914 | |
| 915 | *** Some keywords now automatically trigger reindentation. |
| 916 | Keywords like "else", "while", "catch" and "finally" have been made |
| 917 | "electric" to make them reindent automatically when they continue an |
| 918 | earlier statement. An example: |
| 919 | |
| 920 | for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) |
| 921 | if (a[i]) |
| 922 | res += a[i]->offset; |
| 923 | else |
| 924 | |
| 925 | Here, the "else" should be indented like the preceding "if", since it |
| 926 | continues that statement. CC Mode will automatically reindent it after |
| 927 | the "else" has been typed in full, since it's not until then it's |
| 928 | possible to decide whether it's a new statement or a continuation of |
| 929 | the preceding "if". |
| 930 | |
| 931 | CC Mode uses Abbrev mode to achieve this, which is therefore turned on |
| 932 | by default. |
| 933 | |
| 934 | *** M-a and M-e now moves by sentence in multiline strings. |
| 935 | Previously these two keys only moved by sentence in comments, which |
| 936 | meant that sentence movement didn't work in strings containing |
| 937 | documentation or other natural language text. |
| 938 | |
| 939 | The reason it's only activated in multiline strings (i.e. strings that |
| 940 | contain a newline, even when escaped by a '\') is to avoid stopping in |
| 941 | the short strings that often reside inside statements. Multiline |
| 942 | strings almost always contain text in a natural language, as opposed |
| 943 | to other strings that typically contain format specifications, |
| 944 | commands, etc. Also, it's not that bothersome that M-a and M-e misses |
| 945 | sentences in single line strings, since they're short anyway. |
| 946 | |
| 947 | *** Support for autodoc comments in Pike mode. |
| 948 | Autodoc comments for Pike are used to extract documentation from the |
| 949 | source, like Javadoc in Java. Pike mode now recognize this markup in |
| 950 | comment prefixes and paragraph starts. |
| 951 | |
| 952 | *** The comment prefix regexps on c-comment-prefix may be mode specific. |
| 953 | When c-comment-prefix is an association list, it specifies the comment |
| 954 | line prefix on a per-mode basis, like c-default-style does. This |
| 955 | change came about to support the special autodoc comment prefix in |
| 956 | Pike mode only. |
| 957 | |
| 958 | *** Better handling of syntactic errors. |
| 959 | The recovery after unbalanced parens earlier in the buffer has been |
| 960 | improved; CC Mode now reports them by dinging and giving a message |
| 961 | stating the offending line, but still recovers and indent the |
| 962 | following lines in a sane way (most of the time). An "else" with no |
| 963 | matching "if" is handled similarly. If an error is discovered while |
| 964 | indenting a region, the whole region is still indented and the error |
| 965 | is reported afterwards. |
| 966 | |
| 967 | *** Lineup functions may now return absolute columns. |
| 968 | A lineup function can give an absolute column to indent the line to by |
| 969 | returning a vector with the desired column as the first element. |
| 970 | |
| 971 | *** More robust and warning-free byte compilation. |
| 972 | Although this is strictly not a user visible change (well, depending |
| 973 | on the view of a user), it's still worth mentioning that CC Mode now |
| 974 | can be compiled in the standard ways without causing trouble. Some |
| 975 | code have also been moved between the subpackages to enhance the |
| 976 | modularity somewhat. Thanks to Martin Buchholz for doing the |
| 977 | groundwork. |
| 978 | |
| 979 | *** c-style-variables-are-local-p now defaults to t. |
| 980 | This is an incompatible change that has been made to make the behavior |
| 981 | of the style system wrt global variable settings less confusing for |
| 982 | non-advanced users. If you know what this variable does you might |
| 983 | want to set it to nil in your .emacs, otherwise you probably don't |
| 984 | have to bother. |
| 985 | |
| 986 | Defaulting c-style-variables-are-local-p to t avoids the confusing |
| 987 | situation that occurs when a user sets some style variables globally |
| 988 | and edits both a Java and a non-Java file in the same Emacs session. |
| 989 | If the style variables aren't buffer local in this case, loading of |
| 990 | the second file will cause the default style (either "gnu" or "java" |
| 991 | by default) to override the global settings made by the user. |
| 992 | |
| 993 | *** New initialization procedure for the style system. |
| 994 | When the initial style for a buffer is determined by CC Mode (from the |
| 995 | variable c-default-style), the global values of style variables now |
| 996 | take precedence over the values specified by the chosen style. This |
| 997 | is different than the old behavior: previously, the style-specific |
| 998 | settings would override the global settings. This change makes it |
| 999 | possible to do simple configuration in the intuitive way with |
| 1000 | Customize or with setq lines in one's .emacs file. |
| 1001 | |
| 1002 | By default, the global value of every style variable is the new |
| 1003 | special symbol set-from-style, which causes the value to be taken from |
| 1004 | the style system. This means that in effect, only an explicit setting |
| 1005 | of a style variable will cause the "overriding" behavior described |
| 1006 | above. |
| 1007 | |
| 1008 | Also note that global settings override style-specific settings *only* |
| 1009 | when the initial style of a buffer is chosen by a CC Mode major mode |
| 1010 | function. When a style is chosen in other ways --- for example, by a |
| 1011 | call like (c-set-style "gnu") in a hook, or via M-x c-set-style --- |
| 1012 | then the style-specific values take precedence over any global style |
| 1013 | values. In Lisp terms, global values override style-specific values |
| 1014 | only when the new second argument to c-set-style is non-nil; see the |
| 1015 | function documentation for more info. |
| 1016 | |
| 1017 | The purpose of these changes is to make it easier for users, |
| 1018 | especially novice users, to do simple customizations with Customize or |
| 1019 | with setq in their .emacs files. On the other hand, the new system is |
| 1020 | intended to be compatible with advanced users' customizations as well, |
| 1021 | such as those that choose styles in hooks or whatnot. This new system |
| 1022 | is believed to be almost entirely compatible with current |
| 1023 | configurations, in spite of the changed precedence between style and |
| 1024 | global variable settings when a buffer's default style is set. |
| 1025 | |
| 1026 | (Thanks to Eric Eide for clarifying this explanation a bit.) |
| 1027 | |
| 1028 | **** c-offsets-alist is now a customizable variable. |
| 1029 | This became possible as a result of the new initialization behavior. |
| 1030 | |
| 1031 | This variable is treated slightly differently from the other style |
| 1032 | variables; instead of using the symbol set-from-style, it will be |
| 1033 | completed with the syntactic symbols it doesn't already contain when |
| 1034 | the style is first initialized. This means it now defaults to the |
| 1035 | empty list to make all syntactic elements get their values from the |
| 1036 | style system. |
| 1037 | |
| 1038 | **** Compatibility variable to restore the old behavior. |
| 1039 | In case your configuration doesn't work with this change, you can set |
| 1040 | c-old-style-variable-behavior to non-nil to get the old behavior back |
| 1041 | as far as possible. |
| 1042 | |
| 1043 | *** Improvements to line breaking and text filling. |
| 1044 | CC Mode now handles this more intelligently and seamlessly wrt the |
| 1045 | surrounding code, especially inside comments. For details see the new |
| 1046 | chapter about this in the manual. |
| 1047 | |
| 1048 | **** New variable to recognize comment line prefix decorations. |
| 1049 | The variable c-comment-prefix-regexp has been added to properly |
| 1050 | recognize the line prefix in both block and line comments. It's |
| 1051 | primarily used to initialize the various paragraph recognition and |
| 1052 | adaptive filling variables that the text handling functions uses. |
| 1053 | |
| 1054 | **** New variable c-block-comment-prefix. |
| 1055 | This is a generalization of the now obsolete variable |
| 1056 | c-comment-continuation-stars to handle arbitrary strings. |
| 1057 | |
| 1058 | **** CC Mode now uses adaptive fill mode. |
| 1059 | This to make it adapt better to the paragraph style inside comments. |
| 1060 | |
| 1061 | It's also possible to use other adaptive filling packages inside CC |
| 1062 | Mode, notably Kyle E. Jones' Filladapt mode (http://wonderworks.com/). |
| 1063 | A new convenience function c-setup-filladapt sets up Filladapt for use |
| 1064 | inside CC Mode. |
| 1065 | |
| 1066 | Note though that the 2.12 version of Filladapt lacks a feature that |
| 1067 | causes it to work suboptimally when c-comment-prefix-regexp can match |
| 1068 | the empty string (which it commonly does). A patch for that is |
| 1069 | available from the CC Mode web site (http://www.python.org/emacs/ |
| 1070 | cc-mode/). |
| 1071 | |
| 1072 | **** The variables `c-hanging-comment-starter-p' and |
| 1073 | `c-hanging-comment-ender-p', which controlled how comment starters and |
| 1074 | enders were filled, are not used anymore. The new version of the |
| 1075 | function `c-fill-paragraph' keeps the comment starters and enders as |
| 1076 | they were before the filling. |
| 1077 | |
| 1078 | **** It's now possible to selectively turn off auto filling. |
| 1079 | The variable c-ignore-auto-fill is used to ignore auto fill mode in |
| 1080 | specific contexts, e.g. in preprocessor directives and in string |
| 1081 | literals. |
| 1082 | |
| 1083 | **** New context sensitive line break function c-context-line-break. |
| 1084 | It works like newline-and-indent in normal code, and adapts the line |
| 1085 | prefix according to the comment style when used inside comments. If |
| 1086 | you're normally using newline-and-indent, you might want to switch to |
| 1087 | this function. |
| 1088 | |
| 1089 | *** Fixes to IDL mode. |
| 1090 | It now does a better job in recognizing only the constructs relevant |
| 1091 | to IDL. E.g. it no longer matches "class" as the beginning of a |
| 1092 | struct block, but it does match the CORBA 2.3 "valuetype" keyword. |
| 1093 | Thanks to Eric Eide. |
| 1094 | |
| 1095 | *** Improvements to the Whitesmith style. |
| 1096 | It now keeps the style consistently on all levels and both when |
| 1097 | opening braces hangs and when they don't. |
| 1098 | |
| 1099 | **** New lineup function c-lineup-whitesmith-in-block. |
| 1100 | |
| 1101 | *** New lineup functions c-lineup-template-args and c-indent-multi-line-block. |
| 1102 | See their docstrings for details. c-lineup-template-args does a |
| 1103 | better job of tracking the brackets used as parens in C++ templates, |
| 1104 | and is used by default to line up continued template arguments. |
| 1105 | |
| 1106 | *** c-lineup-comment now preserves alignment with a comment on the |
| 1107 | previous line. It used to instead preserve comments that started in |
| 1108 | the column specified by comment-column. |
| 1109 | |
| 1110 | *** c-lineup-C-comments handles "free form" text comments. |
| 1111 | In comments with a long delimiter line at the start, the indentation |
| 1112 | is kept unchanged for lines that start with an empty comment line |
| 1113 | prefix. This is intended for the type of large block comments that |
| 1114 | contain documentation with its own formatting. In these you normally |
| 1115 | don't want CC Mode to change the indentation. |
| 1116 | |
| 1117 | *** The `c' syntactic symbol is now relative to the comment start |
| 1118 | instead of the previous line, to make integers usable as lineup |
| 1119 | arguments. |
| 1120 | |
| 1121 | *** All lineup functions have gotten docstrings. |
| 1122 | |
| 1123 | *** More preprocessor directive movement functions. |
| 1124 | c-down-conditional does the reverse of c-up-conditional. |
| 1125 | c-up-conditional-with-else and c-down-conditional-with-else are |
| 1126 | variants of these that also stops at "#else" lines (suggested by Don |
| 1127 | Provan). |
| 1128 | |
| 1129 | *** Minor improvements to many movement functions in tricky situations. |
| 1130 | |
| 1131 | ** Dired changes |
| 1132 | |
| 1133 | *** New variable `dired-recursive-deletes' determines if the delete |
| 1134 | command will delete non-empty directories recursively. The default |
| 1135 | is, delete only empty directories. |
| 1136 | |
| 1137 | *** New variable `dired-recursive-copies' determines if the copy |
| 1138 | command will copy directories recursively. The default is, do not |
| 1139 | copy directories recursively. |
| 1140 | |
| 1141 | *** In command `dired-do-shell-command' (usually bound to `!') a `?' |
| 1142 | in the shell command has a special meaning similar to `*', but with |
| 1143 | the difference that the command will be run on each file individually. |
| 1144 | |
| 1145 | *** The new command `dired-find-alternate-file' (usually bound to `a') |
| 1146 | replaces the Dired buffer with the buffer for an alternate file or |
| 1147 | directory. |
| 1148 | |
| 1149 | *** The new command `dired-show-file-type' (usually bound to `y') shows |
| 1150 | a message in the echo area describing what type of file the point is on. |
| 1151 | This command invokes the external program `file' do its work, and so |
| 1152 | will only work on systems with that program, and will be only as |
| 1153 | accurate or inaccurate as it is. |
| 1154 | |
| 1155 | *** Dired now properly handles undo changes of adding/removing `-R' |
| 1156 | from ls switches. |
| 1157 | |
| 1158 | *** Dired commands that prompt for a destination file now allow the use |
| 1159 | of the `M-n' command in the minibuffer to insert the source filename, |
| 1160 | which the user can then edit. This only works if there is a single |
| 1161 | source file, not when operating on multiple marked files. |
| 1162 | |
| 1163 | ** Gnus changes. |
| 1164 | |
| 1165 | The Gnus NEWS entries are short, but they reflect sweeping changes in |
| 1166 | four areas: Article display treatment, MIME treatment, |
| 1167 | internationalization and mail-fetching. |
| 1168 | |
| 1169 | *** The mail-fetching functions have changed. See the manual for the |
| 1170 | many details. In particular, all procmail fetching variables are gone. |
| 1171 | |
| 1172 | If you used procmail like in |
| 1173 | |
| 1174 | (setq nnmail-use-procmail t) |
| 1175 | (setq nnmail-spool-file 'procmail) |
| 1176 | (setq nnmail-procmail-directory "~/mail/incoming/") |
| 1177 | (setq nnmail-procmail-suffix "\\.in") |
| 1178 | |
| 1179 | this now has changed to |
| 1180 | |
| 1181 | (setq mail-sources |
| 1182 | '((directory :path "~/mail/incoming/" |
| 1183 | :suffix ".in"))) |
| 1184 | |
| 1185 | More information is available in the info doc at Select Methods -> |
| 1186 | Getting Mail -> Mail Sources |
| 1187 | |
| 1188 | *** Gnus is now a MIME-capable reader. This affects many parts of |
| 1189 | Gnus, and adds a slew of new commands. See the manual for details. |
| 1190 | Separate MIME packages like RMIME, mime-compose etc., will probably no |
| 1191 | longer work; remove them and use the native facilities. |
| 1192 | |
| 1193 | The FLIM/SEMI package still works with Emacs 21, but if you want to |
| 1194 | use the native facilities, you must remove any mailcap.el[c] that was |
| 1195 | installed by FLIM/SEMI version 1.13 or earlier. |
| 1196 | |
| 1197 | *** Gnus has also been multilingualized. This also affects too many |
| 1198 | parts of Gnus to summarize here, and adds many new variables. There |
| 1199 | are built-in facilities equivalent to those of gnus-mule.el, which is |
| 1200 | now just a compatibility layer. |
| 1201 | |
| 1202 | *** gnus-mule.el is now just a compatibility layer over the built-in |
| 1203 | Gnus facilities. |
| 1204 | |
| 1205 | *** gnus-auto-select-first can now be a function to be |
| 1206 | called to position point. |
| 1207 | |
| 1208 | *** The user can now decide which extra headers should be included in |
| 1209 | summary buffers and NOV files. |
| 1210 | |
| 1211 | *** `gnus-article-display-hook' has been removed. Instead, a number |
| 1212 | of variables starting with `gnus-treat-' have been added. |
| 1213 | |
| 1214 | *** The Gnus posting styles have been redone again and now work in a |
| 1215 | subtly different manner. |
| 1216 | |
| 1217 | *** New web-based backends have been added: nnslashdot, nnwarchive |
| 1218 | and nnultimate. nnweb has been revamped, again, to keep up with |
| 1219 | ever-changing layouts. |
| 1220 | |
| 1221 | *** Gnus can now read IMAP mail via nnimap. |
| 1222 | |
| 1223 | *** There is image support of various kinds and some sound support. |
| 1224 | |
| 1225 | ** Changes in Texinfo mode. |
| 1226 | |
| 1227 | *** A couple of new key bindings have been added for inserting Texinfo |
| 1228 | macros |
| 1229 | |
| 1230 | Key binding Macro |
| 1231 | ------------------------- |
| 1232 | C-c C-c C-s @strong |
| 1233 | C-c C-c C-e @emph |
| 1234 | C-c C-c u @uref |
| 1235 | C-c C-c q @quotation |
| 1236 | C-c C-c m @email |
| 1237 | C-c C-o @<block> ... @end <block> |
| 1238 | M-RET @item |
| 1239 | |
| 1240 | *** The " key now inserts either " or `` or '' depending on context. |
| 1241 | |
| 1242 | ** Changes in Outline mode. |
| 1243 | |
| 1244 | There is now support for Imenu to index headings. A new command |
| 1245 | `outline-headers-as-kill' copies the visible headings in the region to |
| 1246 | the kill ring, e.g. to produce a table of contents. |
| 1247 | |
| 1248 | ** Changes to Emacs Server |
| 1249 | |
| 1250 | *** The new option `server-kill-new-buffers' specifies what to do |
| 1251 | with buffers when done with them. If non-nil, the default, buffers |
| 1252 | are killed, unless they were already present before visiting them with |
| 1253 | Emacs Server. If nil, `server-temp-file-regexp' specifies which |
| 1254 | buffers to kill, as before. |
| 1255 | |
| 1256 | Please note that only buffers are killed that still have a client, |
| 1257 | i.e. buffers visited with `emacsclient --no-wait' are never killed in |
| 1258 | this way. |
| 1259 | |
| 1260 | ** Both emacsclient and Emacs itself now accept command line options |
| 1261 | of the form +LINE:COLUMN in addition to +LINE. |
| 1262 | |
| 1263 | ** Changes to Show Paren mode. |
| 1264 | |
| 1265 | *** Overlays used by Show Paren mode now use a priority property. |
| 1266 | The new user option show-paren-priority specifies the priority to |
| 1267 | use. Default is 1000. |
| 1268 | |
| 1269 | ** New command M-x check-parens can be used to find unbalanced paren |
| 1270 | groups and strings in buffers in Lisp mode (or other modes). |
| 1271 | |
| 1272 | ** Changes to hideshow.el |
| 1273 | |
| 1274 | *** Generalized block selection and traversal |
| 1275 | |
| 1276 | A block is now recognized by its start and end regexps (both strings), |
| 1277 | and an integer specifying which sub-expression in the start regexp |
| 1278 | serves as the place where a `forward-sexp'-like function can operate. |
| 1279 | See the documentation of variable `hs-special-modes-alist'. |
| 1280 | |
| 1281 | *** During incremental search, if Hideshow minor mode is active, |
| 1282 | hidden blocks are temporarily shown. The variable `hs-headline' can |
| 1283 | be used in the mode line format to show the line at the beginning of |
| 1284 | the open block. |
| 1285 | |
| 1286 | *** User option `hs-hide-all-non-comment-function' specifies a |
| 1287 | function to be called at each top-level block beginning, instead of |
| 1288 | the normal block-hiding function. |
| 1289 | |
| 1290 | *** The command `hs-show-region' has been removed. |
| 1291 | |
| 1292 | *** The key bindings have changed to fit the Emacs conventions, |
| 1293 | roughly imitating those of Outline minor mode. Notably, the prefix |
| 1294 | for all bindings is now `C-c @'. For details, see the documentation |
| 1295 | for `hs-minor-mode'. |
| 1296 | |
| 1297 | *** The variable `hs-show-hidden-short-form' has been removed, and |
| 1298 | hideshow.el now always behaves as if this variable were set to t. |
| 1299 | |
| 1300 | ** Changes to Change Log mode and Add-Log functions |
| 1301 | |
| 1302 | *** If you invoke `add-change-log-entry' from a backup file, it makes |
| 1303 | an entry appropriate for the file's parent. This is useful for making |
| 1304 | log entries by comparing a version with deleted functions. |
| 1305 | |
| 1306 | **** New command M-x change-log-merge merges another log into the |
| 1307 | current buffer. |
| 1308 | |
| 1309 | *** New command M-x change-log-redate fixes any old-style date entries |
| 1310 | in a log file. |
| 1311 | |
| 1312 | *** Change Log mode now adds a file's version number to change log |
| 1313 | entries if user-option `change-log-version-info-enabled' is non-nil. |
| 1314 | Unless the file is under version control the search for a file's |
| 1315 | version number is performed based on regular expressions from |
| 1316 | `change-log-version-number-regexp-list' which can be customized. |
| 1317 | Version numbers are only found in the first 10 percent of a file. |
| 1318 | |
| 1319 | *** Change Log mode now defines its own faces for font-lock highlighting. |
| 1320 | |
| 1321 | ** Changes to cmuscheme |
| 1322 | |
| 1323 | *** The user-option `scheme-program-name' has been renamed |
| 1324 | `cmuscheme-program-name' due to conflicts with xscheme.el. |
| 1325 | |
| 1326 | ** Changes in Font Lock |
| 1327 | |
| 1328 | *** The new function `font-lock-remove-keywords' can be used to remove |
| 1329 | font-lock keywords from the current buffer or from a specific major mode. |
| 1330 | |
| 1331 | *** Multi-line patterns are now supported. Modes using this, should |
| 1332 | set font-lock-multiline to t in their font-lock-defaults. |
| 1333 | |
| 1334 | *** `font-lock-syntactic-face-function' allows major-modes to choose |
| 1335 | the face used for each string/comment. |
| 1336 | |
| 1337 | *** A new standard face `font-lock-doc-face'. |
| 1338 | Meant for Lisp docstrings, Javadoc comments and other "documentation in code". |
| 1339 | |
| 1340 | ** Changes to Shell mode |
| 1341 | |
| 1342 | *** The `shell' command now accepts an optional argument to specify the buffer |
| 1343 | to use, which defaults to "*shell*". When used interactively, a |
| 1344 | non-default buffer may be specified by giving the `shell' command a |
| 1345 | prefix argument (causing it to prompt for the buffer name). |
| 1346 | |
| 1347 | ** Comint (subshell) changes |
| 1348 | |
| 1349 | These changes generally affect all modes derived from comint mode, which |
| 1350 | include shell-mode, gdb-mode, scheme-interaction-mode, etc. |
| 1351 | |
| 1352 | *** Comint now by default interprets some carriage-control characters. |
| 1353 | Comint now removes CRs from CR LF sequences, and treats single CRs and |
| 1354 | BSs in the output in a way similar to a terminal (by deleting to the |
| 1355 | beginning of the line, or deleting the previous character, |
| 1356 | respectively). This is achieved by adding `comint-carriage-motion' to |
| 1357 | the `comint-output-filter-functions' hook by default. |
| 1358 | |
| 1359 | *** By default, comint no longer uses the variable `comint-prompt-regexp' |
| 1360 | to distinguish prompts from user-input. Instead, it notices which |
| 1361 | parts of the text were output by the process, and which entered by the |
| 1362 | user, and attaches `field' properties to allow emacs commands to use |
| 1363 | this information. Common movement commands, notably beginning-of-line, |
| 1364 | respect field boundaries in a fairly natural manner. To disable this |
| 1365 | feature, and use the old behavior, customize the user option |
| 1366 | `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields'. |
| 1367 | |
| 1368 | *** Comint now includes new features to send commands to running processes |
| 1369 | and redirect the output to a designated buffer or buffers. |
| 1370 | |
| 1371 | *** The command M-x comint-redirect-send-command reads a command and |
| 1372 | buffer name from the mini-buffer. The command is sent to the current |
| 1373 | buffer's process, and its output is inserted into the specified buffer. |
| 1374 | |
| 1375 | The command M-x comint-redirect-send-command-to-process acts like |
| 1376 | M-x comint-redirect-send-command but additionally reads the name of |
| 1377 | the buffer whose process should be used from the mini-buffer. |
| 1378 | |
| 1379 | *** Packages based on comint now highlight user input and program prompts, |
| 1380 | and support choosing previous input with mouse-2. To control these features, |
| 1381 | see the user-options `comint-highlight-input' and `comint-highlight-prompt'. |
| 1382 | |
| 1383 | *** The new command `comint-write-output' (usually bound to `C-c C-s') |
| 1384 | saves the output from the most recent command to a file. With a prefix |
| 1385 | argument, it appends to the file. |
| 1386 | |
| 1387 | *** The command `comint-kill-output' has been renamed `comint-delete-output' |
| 1388 | (usually bound to `C-c C-o'); the old name is aliased to it for |
| 1389 | compatibility. |
| 1390 | |
| 1391 | *** The new function `comint-add-to-input-history' adds commands to the input |
| 1392 | ring (history). |
| 1393 | |
| 1394 | *** The new variable `comint-input-history-ignore' is a regexp for |
| 1395 | identifying history lines that should be ignored, like tcsh time-stamp |
| 1396 | strings, starting with a `#'. The default value of this variable is "^#". |
| 1397 | |
| 1398 | ** Changes to Rmail mode |
| 1399 | |
| 1400 | *** The new user-option rmail-user-mail-address-regexp can be |
| 1401 | set to fine tune the identification of the correspondent when |
| 1402 | receiving new mail. If it matches the address of the sender, the |
| 1403 | recipient is taken as correspondent of a mail. If nil, the default, |
| 1404 | `user-login-name' and `user-mail-address' are used to exclude yourself |
| 1405 | as correspondent. |
| 1406 | |
| 1407 | Usually you don't have to set this variable, except if you collect |
| 1408 | mails sent by you under different user names. Then it should be a |
| 1409 | regexp matching your mail addresses. |
| 1410 | |
| 1411 | *** The new user-option rmail-confirm-expunge controls whether and how |
| 1412 | to ask for confirmation before expunging deleted messages from an |
| 1413 | Rmail file. You can choose between no confirmation, confirmation |
| 1414 | with y-or-n-p, or confirmation with yes-or-no-p. Default is to ask |
| 1415 | for confirmation with yes-or-no-p. |
| 1416 | |
| 1417 | *** RET is now bound in the Rmail summary to rmail-summary-goto-msg, |
| 1418 | like `j'. |
| 1419 | |
| 1420 | *** There is a new user option `rmail-digest-end-regexps' that |
| 1421 | specifies the regular expressions to detect the line that ends a |
| 1422 | digest message. |
| 1423 | |
| 1424 | *** The new user option `rmail-automatic-folder-directives' specifies |
| 1425 | in which folder to put messages automatically. |
| 1426 | |
| 1427 | *** The new function `rmail-redecode-body' allows to fix a message |
| 1428 | with non-ASCII characters if Emacs happens to decode it incorrectly |
| 1429 | due to missing or malformed "charset=" header. |
| 1430 | |
| 1431 | ** The new user-option `mail-envelope-from' can be used to specify |
| 1432 | an envelope-from address different from user-mail-address. |
| 1433 | |
| 1434 | ** The variable mail-specify-envelope-from controls whether to |
| 1435 | use the -f option when sending mail. |
| 1436 | |
| 1437 | ** The Rmail command `o' (`rmail-output-to-rmail-file') now writes the |
| 1438 | current message in the internal `emacs-mule' encoding, rather than in |
| 1439 | the encoding taken from the variable `buffer-file-coding-system'. |
| 1440 | This allows to save messages whose characters cannot be safely encoded |
| 1441 | by the buffer's coding system, and makes sure the message will be |
| 1442 | displayed correctly when you later visit the target Rmail file. |
| 1443 | |
| 1444 | If you want your Rmail files be encoded in a specific coding system |
| 1445 | other than `emacs-mule', you can customize the variable |
| 1446 | `rmail-file-coding-system' to set its value to that coding system. |
| 1447 | |
| 1448 | ** Changes to TeX mode |
| 1449 | |
| 1450 | *** The default mode has been changed from `plain-tex-mode' to |
| 1451 | `latex-mode'. |
| 1452 | |
| 1453 | *** latex-mode now has a simple indentation algorithm. |
| 1454 | |
| 1455 | *** M-f and M-p jump around \begin...\end pairs. |
| 1456 | |
| 1457 | *** Added support for outline-minor-mode. |
| 1458 | |
| 1459 | ** Changes to RefTeX mode |
| 1460 | |
| 1461 | *** RefTeX has new support for index generation. Index entries can be |
| 1462 | created with `C-c <', with completion available on index keys. |
| 1463 | Pressing `C-c /' indexes the word at the cursor with a default |
| 1464 | macro. `C-c >' compiles all index entries into an alphabetically |
| 1465 | sorted *Index* buffer which looks like the final index. Entries |
| 1466 | can be edited from that buffer. |
| 1467 | |
| 1468 | *** Label and citation key selection now allow to select several |
| 1469 | items and reference them together (use `m' to mark items, `a' or |
| 1470 | `A' to use all marked entries). |
| 1471 | |
| 1472 | *** reftex.el has been split into a number of smaller files to reduce |
| 1473 | memory use when only a part of RefTeX is being used. |
| 1474 | |
| 1475 | *** a new command `reftex-view-crossref-from-bibtex' (bound to `C-c &' |
| 1476 | in BibTeX-mode) can be called in a BibTeX database buffer in order |
| 1477 | to show locations in LaTeX documents where a particular entry has |
| 1478 | been cited. |
| 1479 | |
| 1480 | ** Emacs Lisp mode now allows multiple levels of outline headings. |
| 1481 | The level of a heading is determined from the number of leading |
| 1482 | semicolons in a heading line. Toplevel forms starting with a `(' |
| 1483 | in column 1 are always made leaves. |
| 1484 | |
| 1485 | ** The M-x time-stamp command (most commonly used on write-file-hooks) |
| 1486 | has the following new features: |
| 1487 | |
| 1488 | *** The patterns for finding the time stamp and for updating a pattern |
| 1489 | may match text spanning multiple lines. For example, some people like |
| 1490 | to have the filename and date on separate lines. The new variable |
| 1491 | time-stamp-inserts-lines controls the matching for multi-line patterns. |
| 1492 | |
| 1493 | *** More than one time stamp can be updated in the same file. This |
| 1494 | feature is useful if you need separate time stamps in a program source |
| 1495 | file to both include in formatted documentation and insert in the |
| 1496 | compiled binary. The same time-stamp will be written at each matching |
| 1497 | pattern. The variable time-stamp-count enables this new feature; it |
| 1498 | defaults to 1. |
| 1499 | |
| 1500 | ** Partial Completion mode now completes environment variables in |
| 1501 | file names. |
| 1502 | |
| 1503 | ** Ispell changes |
| 1504 | |
| 1505 | *** The command `ispell' now spell-checks a region if |
| 1506 | transient-mark-mode is on, and the mark is active. Otherwise it |
| 1507 | spell-checks the current buffer. |
| 1508 | |
| 1509 | *** Support for synchronous subprocesses - DOS/Windoze - has been |
| 1510 | added. |
| 1511 | |
| 1512 | *** An "alignment error" bug was fixed when a manual spelling |
| 1513 | correction is made and re-checked. |
| 1514 | |
| 1515 | *** Italian, Portuguese, and Slovak dictionary definitions have been added. |
| 1516 | |
| 1517 | *** Region skipping performance has been vastly improved in some |
| 1518 | cases. |
| 1519 | |
| 1520 | *** Spell checking HTML buffers has been improved and isn't so strict |
| 1521 | on syntax errors. |
| 1522 | |
| 1523 | *** The buffer-local words are now always placed on a new line at the |
| 1524 | end of the buffer. |
| 1525 | |
| 1526 | *** Spell checking now works in the MS-DOS version of Emacs. |
| 1527 | |
| 1528 | *** The variable `ispell-format-word' has been renamed to |
| 1529 | `ispell-format-word-function'. The old name is still available as |
| 1530 | alias. |
| 1531 | |
| 1532 | ** Makefile mode changes |
| 1533 | |
| 1534 | *** The mode now uses the abbrev table `makefile-mode-abbrev-table'. |
| 1535 | |
| 1536 | *** Conditionals and include statements are now highlighted when |
| 1537 | Fontlock mode is active. |
| 1538 | |
| 1539 | ** Isearch changes |
| 1540 | |
| 1541 | *** Isearch now puts a call to `isearch-resume' in the command history, |
| 1542 | so that searches can be resumed. |
| 1543 | |
| 1544 | *** In Isearch mode, C-M-s and C-M-r are now bound like C-s and C-r, |
| 1545 | respectively, i.e. you can repeat a regexp isearch with the same keys |
| 1546 | that started the search. |
| 1547 | |
| 1548 | *** In Isearch mode, mouse-2 in the echo area now yanks the current |
| 1549 | selection into the search string rather than giving an error. |
| 1550 | |
| 1551 | *** There is a new lazy highlighting feature in incremental search. |
| 1552 | |
| 1553 | Lazy highlighting is switched on/off by customizing variable |
| 1554 | `isearch-lazy-highlight'. When active, all matches for the current |
| 1555 | search string are highlighted. The current match is highlighted as |
| 1556 | before using face `isearch' or `region'. All other matches are |
| 1557 | highlighted using face `isearch-lazy-highlight-face' which defaults to |
| 1558 | `secondary-selection'. |
| 1559 | |
| 1560 | The extra highlighting makes it easier to anticipate where the cursor |
| 1561 | will end up each time you press C-s or C-r to repeat a pending search. |
| 1562 | Highlighting of these additional matches happens in a deferred fashion |
| 1563 | using "idle timers," so the cycles needed do not rob isearch of its |
| 1564 | usual snappy response. |
| 1565 | |
| 1566 | If `isearch-lazy-highlight-cleanup' is set to t, highlights for |
| 1567 | matches are automatically cleared when you end the search. If it is |
| 1568 | set to nil, you can remove the highlights manually with `M-x |
| 1569 | isearch-lazy-highlight-cleanup'. |
| 1570 | |
| 1571 | ** VC Changes |
| 1572 | |
| 1573 | VC has been overhauled internally. It is now modular, making it |
| 1574 | easier to plug-in arbitrary version control backends. (See Lisp |
| 1575 | Changes for details on the new structure.) As a result, the mechanism |
| 1576 | to enable and disable support for particular version systems has |
| 1577 | changed: everything is now controlled by the new variable |
| 1578 | `vc-handled-backends'. Its value is a list of symbols that identify |
| 1579 | version systems; the default is '(RCS CVS SCCS). When finding a file, |
| 1580 | each of the backends in that list is tried in order to see whether the |
| 1581 | file is registered in that backend. |
| 1582 | |
| 1583 | When registering a new file, VC first tries each of the listed |
| 1584 | backends to see if any of them considers itself "responsible" for the |
| 1585 | directory of the file (e.g. because a corresponding subdirectory for |
| 1586 | master files exists). If none of the backends is responsible, then |
| 1587 | the first backend in the list that could register the file is chosen. |
| 1588 | As a consequence, the variable `vc-default-back-end' is now obsolete. |
| 1589 | |
| 1590 | The old variable `vc-master-templates' is also obsolete, although VC |
| 1591 | still supports it for backward compatibility. To define templates for |
| 1592 | RCS or SCCS, you should rather use the new variables |
| 1593 | vc-{rcs,sccs}-master-templates. (There is no such feature under CVS |
| 1594 | where it doesn't make sense.) |
| 1595 | |
| 1596 | The variables `vc-ignore-vc-files' and `vc-handle-cvs' are also |
| 1597 | obsolete now, you must set `vc-handled-backends' to nil or exclude |
| 1598 | `CVS' from the list, respectively, to achieve their effect now. |
| 1599 | |
| 1600 | *** General Changes |
| 1601 | |
| 1602 | The variable `vc-checkout-carefully' is obsolete: the corresponding |
| 1603 | checks are always done now. |
| 1604 | |
| 1605 | VC Dired buffers are now kept up-to-date during all version control |
| 1606 | operations. |
| 1607 | |
| 1608 | `vc-diff' output is now displayed in `diff-mode'. |
| 1609 | `vc-print-log' uses `log-view-mode'. |
| 1610 | `vc-log-mode' (used for *VC-Log*) has been replaced by `log-edit-mode'. |
| 1611 | |
| 1612 | The command C-x v m (vc-merge) now accepts an empty argument as the |
| 1613 | first revision number. This means that any recent changes on the |
| 1614 | current branch should be picked up from the repository and merged into |
| 1615 | the working file (``merge news''). |
| 1616 | |
| 1617 | The commands C-x v s (vc-create-snapshot) and C-x v r |
| 1618 | (vc-retrieve-snapshot) now ask for a directory name from which to work |
| 1619 | downwards. |
| 1620 | |
| 1621 | *** Multiple Backends |
| 1622 | |
| 1623 | VC now lets you register files in more than one backend. This is |
| 1624 | useful, for example, if you are working with a slow remote CVS |
| 1625 | repository. You can then use RCS for local editing, and occasionally |
| 1626 | commit your changes back to CVS, or pick up changes from CVS into your |
| 1627 | local RCS archives. |
| 1628 | |
| 1629 | To make this work, the ``more local'' backend (RCS in our example) |
| 1630 | should come first in `vc-handled-backends', and the ``more remote'' |
| 1631 | backend (CVS) should come later. (The default value of |
| 1632 | `vc-handled-backends' already has it that way.) |
| 1633 | |
| 1634 | You can then commit changes to another backend (say, RCS), by typing |
| 1635 | C-u C-x v v RCS RET (i.e. vc-next-action now accepts a backend name as |
| 1636 | a revision number). VC registers the file in the more local backend |
| 1637 | if that hasn't already happened, and commits to a branch based on the |
| 1638 | current revision number from the more remote backend. |
| 1639 | |
| 1640 | If a file is registered in multiple backends, you can switch to |
| 1641 | another one using C-x v b (vc-switch-backend). This does not change |
| 1642 | any files, it only changes VC's perspective on the file. Use this to |
| 1643 | pick up changes from CVS while working under RCS locally. |
| 1644 | |
| 1645 | After you are done with your local RCS editing, you can commit your |
| 1646 | changes back to CVS using C-u C-x v v CVS RET. In this case, the |
| 1647 | local RCS archive is removed after the commit, and the log entry |
| 1648 | buffer is initialized to contain the entire RCS change log of the file. |
| 1649 | |
| 1650 | *** Changes for CVS |
| 1651 | |
| 1652 | There is a new user option, `vc-cvs-stay-local'. If it is `t' (the |
| 1653 | default), then VC avoids network queries for files registered in |
| 1654 | remote repositories. The state of such files is then only determined |
| 1655 | by heuristics and past information. `vc-cvs-stay-local' can also be a |
| 1656 | regexp to match against repository hostnames; only files from hosts |
| 1657 | that match it are treated locally. If the variable is nil, then VC |
| 1658 | queries the repository just as often as it does for local files. |
| 1659 | |
| 1660 | If `vc-cvs-stay-local' is on, then VC also makes local backups of |
| 1661 | repository versions. This means that ordinary diffs (C-x v =) and |
| 1662 | revert operations (C-x v u) can be done completely locally, without |
| 1663 | any repository interactions at all. The name of a local version |
| 1664 | backup of FILE is FILE.~REV.~, where REV is the repository version |
| 1665 | number. This format is similar to that used by C-x v ~ |
| 1666 | (vc-version-other-window), except for the trailing dot. As a matter |
| 1667 | of fact, the two features can each use the files created by the other, |
| 1668 | the only difference being that files with a trailing `.' are deleted |
| 1669 | automatically after commit. (This feature doesn't work on MS-DOS, |
| 1670 | since DOS disallows more than a single dot in the trunk of a file |
| 1671 | name.) |
| 1672 | |
| 1673 | If `vc-cvs-stay-local' is on, and there have been changes in the |
| 1674 | repository, VC notifies you about it when you actually try to commit. |
| 1675 | If you want to check for updates from the repository without trying to |
| 1676 | commit, you can either use C-x v m RET to perform an update on the |
| 1677 | current file, or you can use C-x v r RET to get an update for an |
| 1678 | entire directory tree. |
| 1679 | |
| 1680 | The new user option `vc-cvs-use-edit' indicates whether VC should call |
| 1681 | "cvs edit" to make files writable; it defaults to `t'. (This option |
| 1682 | is only meaningful if the CVSREAD variable is set, or if files are |
| 1683 | "watched" by other developers.) |
| 1684 | |
| 1685 | The commands C-x v s (vc-create-snapshot) and C-x v r |
| 1686 | (vc-retrieve-snapshot) are now also implemented for CVS. If you give |
| 1687 | an empty snapshot name to the latter, that performs a `cvs update', |
| 1688 | starting at the given directory. |
| 1689 | |
| 1690 | *** Lisp Changes in VC |
| 1691 | |
| 1692 | VC has been restructured internally to make it modular. You can now |
| 1693 | add support for arbitrary version control backends by writing a |
| 1694 | library that provides a certain set of backend-specific functions, and |
| 1695 | then telling VC to use that library. For example, to add support for |
| 1696 | a version system named SYS, you write a library named vc-sys.el, which |
| 1697 | provides a number of functions vc-sys-... (see commentary at the top |
| 1698 | of vc.el for a detailed list of them). To make VC use that library, |
| 1699 | you need to put it somewhere into Emacs' load path and add the symbol |
| 1700 | `SYS' to the list `vc-handled-backends'. |
| 1701 | |
| 1702 | ** The customizable EDT emulation package now supports the EDT |
| 1703 | SUBS command and EDT scroll margins. It also works with more |
| 1704 | terminal/keyboard configurations and it now works under XEmacs. |
| 1705 | See etc/edt-user.doc for more information. |
| 1706 | |
| 1707 | ** New modes and packages |
| 1708 | |
| 1709 | *** The new global minor mode `minibuffer-electric-default-mode' |
| 1710 | automatically hides the `(default ...)' part of minibuffer prompts when |
| 1711 | the default is not applicable. |
| 1712 | |
| 1713 | *** Artist is an Emacs lisp package that allows you to draw lines, |
| 1714 | rectangles and ellipses by using your mouse and/or keyboard. The |
| 1715 | shapes are made up with the ascii characters |, -, / and \. |
| 1716 | |
| 1717 | Features are: |
| 1718 | |
| 1719 | - Intersecting: When a `|' intersects with a `-', a `+' is |
| 1720 | drawn, like this: | \ / |
| 1721 | --+-- X |
| 1722 | | / \ |
| 1723 | |
| 1724 | - Rubber-banding: When drawing lines you can interactively see the |
| 1725 | result while holding the mouse button down and moving the mouse. If |
| 1726 | your machine is not fast enough (a 386 is a bit too slow, but a |
| 1727 | pentium is well enough), you can turn this feature off. You will |
| 1728 | then see 1's and 2's which mark the 1st and 2nd endpoint of the line |
| 1729 | you are drawing. |
| 1730 | |
| 1731 | - Arrows: After having drawn a (straight) line or a (straight) |
| 1732 | poly-line, you can set arrows on the line-ends by typing < or >. |
| 1733 | |
| 1734 | - Flood-filling: You can fill any area with a certain character by |
| 1735 | flood-filling. |
| 1736 | |
| 1737 | - Cut copy and paste: You can cut, copy and paste rectangular |
| 1738 | regions. Artist also interfaces with the rect package (this can be |
| 1739 | turned off if it causes you any trouble) so anything you cut in |
| 1740 | artist can be yanked with C-x r y and vice versa. |
| 1741 | |
| 1742 | - Drawing with keys: Everything you can do with the mouse, you can |
| 1743 | also do without the mouse. |
| 1744 | |
| 1745 | - Aspect-ratio: You can set the variable artist-aspect-ratio to |
| 1746 | reflect the height-width ratio for the font you are using. Squares |
| 1747 | and circles are then drawn square/round. Note, that once your |
| 1748 | ascii-file is shown with font with a different height-width ratio, |
| 1749 | the squares won't be square and the circles won't be round. |
| 1750 | |
| 1751 | - Drawing operations: The following drawing operations are implemented: |
| 1752 | |
| 1753 | lines straight-lines |
| 1754 | rectangles squares |
| 1755 | poly-lines straight poly-lines |
| 1756 | ellipses circles |
| 1757 | text (see-thru) text (overwrite) |
| 1758 | spray-can setting size for spraying |
| 1759 | vaporize line vaporize lines |
| 1760 | erase characters erase rectangles |
| 1761 | |
| 1762 | Straight lines are lines that go horizontally, vertically or |
| 1763 | diagonally. Plain lines go in any direction. The operations in |
| 1764 | the right column are accessed by holding down the shift key while |
| 1765 | drawing. |
| 1766 | |
| 1767 | It is possible to vaporize (erase) entire lines and connected lines |
| 1768 | (rectangles for example) as long as the lines being vaporized are |
| 1769 | straight and connected at their endpoints. Vaporizing is inspired |
| 1770 | by the drawrect package by Jari Aalto <jari.aalto@poboxes.com>. |
| 1771 | |
| 1772 | - Picture mode compatibility: Artist is picture mode compatible (this |
| 1773 | can be turned off). |
| 1774 | |
| 1775 | *** The new package Eshell is an operating system command shell |
| 1776 | implemented entirely in Emacs Lisp. Use `M-x eshell' to invoke it. |
| 1777 | It functions similarly to bash and zsh, and allows running of Lisp |
| 1778 | functions and external commands using the same syntax. It supports |
| 1779 | history lists, aliases, extended globbing, smart scrolling, etc. It |
| 1780 | will work on any platform Emacs has been ported to. And since most of |
| 1781 | the basic commands -- ls, rm, mv, cp, ln, du, cat, etc. -- have been |
| 1782 | rewritten in Lisp, it offers an operating-system independent shell, |
| 1783 | all within the scope of your Emacs process. |
| 1784 | |
| 1785 | *** The new package timeclock.el is a mode is for keeping track of time |
| 1786 | intervals. You can use it for whatever purpose you like, but the |
| 1787 | typical scenario is to keep track of how much time you spend working |
| 1788 | on certain projects. |
| 1789 | |
| 1790 | *** The new package hi-lock.el provides commands to highlight matches |
| 1791 | of interactively entered regexps. For example, |
| 1792 | |
| 1793 | M-x highlight-regexp RET clearly RET RET |
| 1794 | |
| 1795 | will highlight all occurrences of `clearly' using a yellow background |
| 1796 | face. New occurrences of `clearly' will be highlighted as they are |
| 1797 | typed. `M-x unhighlight-regexp RET' will remove the highlighting. |
| 1798 | Any existing face can be used for highlighting and a set of |
| 1799 | appropriate faces is provided. The regexps can be written into the |
| 1800 | current buffer in a form that will be recognized the next time the |
| 1801 | corresponding file is read. There are commands to highlight matches |
| 1802 | to phrases and to highlight entire lines containing a match. |
| 1803 | |
| 1804 | *** The new package zone.el plays games with Emacs' display when |
| 1805 | Emacs is idle. |
| 1806 | |
| 1807 | *** The new package tildify.el allows to add hard spaces or other text |
| 1808 | fragments in accordance with the current major mode. |
| 1809 | |
| 1810 | *** The new package xml.el provides a simple but generic XML |
| 1811 | parser. It doesn't parse the DTDs however. |
| 1812 | |
| 1813 | *** The comment operations are now provided by the newcomment.el |
| 1814 | package which allows different styles of comment-region and should |
| 1815 | be more robust while offering the same functionality. |
| 1816 | `comment-region' now doesn't always comment a-line-at-a-time, but only |
| 1817 | comments the region, breaking the line at point if necessary. |
| 1818 | |
| 1819 | *** The Ebrowse package implements a C++ class browser and tags |
| 1820 | facilities tailored for use with C++. It is documented in a |
| 1821 | separate Texinfo file. |
| 1822 | |
| 1823 | *** The PCL-CVS package available by either running M-x cvs-examine or |
| 1824 | by visiting a CVS administrative directory (with a prefix argument) |
| 1825 | provides an alternative interface to VC-dired for CVS. It comes with |
| 1826 | `log-view-mode' to view RCS and SCCS logs and `log-edit-mode' used to |
| 1827 | enter check-in log messages. |
| 1828 | |
| 1829 | *** The new package called `woman' allows to browse Unix man pages |
| 1830 | without invoking external programs. |
| 1831 | |
| 1832 | The command `M-x woman' formats manual pages entirely in Emacs Lisp |
| 1833 | and then displays them, like `M-x manual-entry' does. Unlike |
| 1834 | `manual-entry', `woman' does not invoke any external programs, so it |
| 1835 | is useful on systems such as MS-DOS/MS-Windows where the `man' and |
| 1836 | Groff or `troff' commands are not readily available. |
| 1837 | |
| 1838 | The command `M-x woman-find-file' asks for the file name of a man |
| 1839 | page, then formats and displays it like `M-x woman' does. |
| 1840 | |
| 1841 | *** The new command M-x re-builder offers a convenient interface for |
| 1842 | authoring regular expressions with immediate visual feedback. |
| 1843 | |
| 1844 | The buffer from which the command was called becomes the target for |
| 1845 | the regexp editor popping up in a separate window. Matching text in |
| 1846 | the target buffer is immediately color marked during the editing. |
| 1847 | Each sub-expression of the regexp will show up in a different face so |
| 1848 | even complex regexps can be edited and verified on target data in a |
| 1849 | single step. |
| 1850 | |
| 1851 | On displays not supporting faces the matches instead blink like |
| 1852 | matching parens to make them stand out. On such a setup you will |
| 1853 | probably also want to use the sub-expression mode when the regexp |
| 1854 | contains such to get feedback about their respective limits. |
| 1855 | |
| 1856 | *** glasses-mode is a minor mode that makes |
| 1857 | unreadableIdentifiersLikeThis readable. It works as glasses, without |
| 1858 | actually modifying content of a buffer. |
| 1859 | |
| 1860 | *** The package ebnf2ps translates an EBNF to a syntactic chart in |
| 1861 | PostScript. |
| 1862 | |
| 1863 | Currently accepts ad-hoc EBNF, ISO EBNF and Bison/Yacc. |
| 1864 | |
| 1865 | The ad-hoc default EBNF syntax has the following elements: |
| 1866 | |
| 1867 | ; comment (until end of line) |
| 1868 | A non-terminal |
| 1869 | "C" terminal |
| 1870 | ?C? special |
| 1871 | $A default non-terminal |
| 1872 | $"C" default terminal |
| 1873 | $?C? default special |
| 1874 | A = B. production (A is the header and B the body) |
| 1875 | C D sequence (C occurs before D) |
| 1876 | C | D alternative (C or D occurs) |
| 1877 | A - B exception (A excluding B, B without any non-terminal) |
| 1878 | n * A repetition (A repeats n (integer) times) |
| 1879 | (C) group (expression C is grouped together) |
| 1880 | [C] optional (C may or not occurs) |
| 1881 | C+ one or more occurrences of C |
| 1882 | {C}+ one or more occurrences of C |
| 1883 | {C}* zero or more occurrences of C |
| 1884 | {C} zero or more occurrences of C |
| 1885 | C / D equivalent to: C {D C}* |
| 1886 | {C || D}+ equivalent to: C {D C}* |
| 1887 | {C || D}* equivalent to: [C {D C}*] |
| 1888 | {C || D} equivalent to: [C {D C}*] |
| 1889 | |
| 1890 | Please, see ebnf2ps documentation for EBNF syntax and how to use it. |
| 1891 | |
| 1892 | *** The package align.el will align columns within a region, using M-x |
| 1893 | align. Its mode-specific rules, based on regular expressions, |
| 1894 | determine where the columns should be split. In C and C++, for |
| 1895 | example, it will align variable names in declaration lists, or the |
| 1896 | equal signs of assignments. |
| 1897 | |
| 1898 | *** `paragraph-indent-minor-mode' is a new minor mode supporting |
| 1899 | paragraphs in the same style as `paragraph-indent-text-mode'. |
| 1900 | |
| 1901 | *** bs.el is a new package for buffer selection similar to |
| 1902 | list-buffers or electric-buffer-list. Use M-x bs-show to display a |
| 1903 | buffer menu with this package. See the Custom group `bs'. |
| 1904 | |
| 1905 | *** find-lisp.el is a package emulating the Unix find command in Lisp. |
| 1906 | |
| 1907 | *** calculator.el is a small calculator package that is intended to |
| 1908 | replace desktop calculators such as xcalc and calc.exe. Actually, it |
| 1909 | is not too small - it has more features than most desktop calculators, |
| 1910 | and can be customized easily to get many more functions. It should |
| 1911 | not be confused with "calc" which is a much bigger mathematical tool |
| 1912 | which answers different needs. |
| 1913 | |
| 1914 | *** The minor modes cwarn-mode and global-cwarn-mode highlights |
| 1915 | suspicious C and C++ constructions. Currently, assignments inside |
| 1916 | expressions, semicolon following `if', `for' and `while' (except, of |
| 1917 | course, after a `do .. while' statement), and C++ functions with |
| 1918 | reference parameters are recognized. The modes require font-lock mode |
| 1919 | to be enabled. |
| 1920 | |
| 1921 | *** smerge-mode.el provides `smerge-mode', a simple minor-mode for files |
| 1922 | containing diff3-style conflict markers, such as generated by RCS. |
| 1923 | |
| 1924 | *** 5x5.el is a simple puzzle game. |
| 1925 | |
| 1926 | *** hl-line.el provides `hl-line-mode', a minor mode to highlight the |
| 1927 | current line in the current buffer. It also provides |
| 1928 | `global-hl-line-mode' to provide the same behavior in all buffers. |
| 1929 | |
| 1930 | *** ansi-color.el translates ANSI terminal escapes into text-properties. |
| 1931 | |
| 1932 | Please note: if `ansi-color-for-comint-mode' and |
| 1933 | `global-font-lock-mode' are non-nil, loading ansi-color.el will |
| 1934 | disable font-lock and add `ansi-color-apply' to |
| 1935 | `comint-preoutput-filter-functions' for all shell-mode buffers. This |
| 1936 | displays the output of "ls --color=yes" using the correct foreground |
| 1937 | and background colors. |
| 1938 | |
| 1939 | *** delphi.el provides a major mode for editing the Delphi (Object |
| 1940 | Pascal) language. |
| 1941 | |
| 1942 | *** quickurl.el provides a simple method of inserting a URL based on |
| 1943 | the text at point. |
| 1944 | |
| 1945 | *** sql.el provides an interface to SQL data bases. |
| 1946 | |
| 1947 | *** fortune.el uses the fortune program to create mail/news signatures. |
| 1948 | |
| 1949 | *** whitespace.el is a package for warning about and cleaning bogus |
| 1950 | whitespace in a file. |
| 1951 | |
| 1952 | *** PostScript mode (ps-mode) is a new major mode for editing PostScript |
| 1953 | files. It offers: interaction with a PostScript interpreter, including |
| 1954 | (very basic) error handling; fontification, easily customizable for |
| 1955 | interpreter messages; auto-indentation; insertion of EPSF templates and |
| 1956 | often used code snippets; viewing of BoundingBox; commenting out / |
| 1957 | uncommenting regions; conversion of 8bit characters to PostScript octal |
| 1958 | codes. All functionality is accessible through a menu. |
| 1959 | |
| 1960 | *** delim-col helps to prettify columns in a text region or rectangle. |
| 1961 | |
| 1962 | Here is an example of columns: |
| 1963 | |
| 1964 | horse apple bus |
| 1965 | dog pineapple car EXTRA |
| 1966 | porcupine strawberry airplane |
| 1967 | |
| 1968 | Doing the following settings: |
| 1969 | |
| 1970 | (setq delimit-columns-str-before "[ ") |
| 1971 | (setq delimit-columns-str-after " ]") |
| 1972 | (setq delimit-columns-str-separator ", ") |
| 1973 | (setq delimit-columns-separator "\t") |
| 1974 | |
| 1975 | |
| 1976 | Selecting the lines above and typing: |
| 1977 | |
| 1978 | M-x delimit-columns-region |
| 1979 | |
| 1980 | It results: |
| 1981 | |
| 1982 | [ horse , apple , bus , ] |
| 1983 | [ dog , pineapple , car , EXTRA ] |
| 1984 | [ porcupine, strawberry, airplane, ] |
| 1985 | |
| 1986 | delim-col has the following options: |
| 1987 | |
| 1988 | delimit-columns-str-before Specify a string to be inserted |
| 1989 | before all columns. |
| 1990 | |
| 1991 | delimit-columns-str-separator Specify a string to be inserted |
| 1992 | between each column. |
| 1993 | |
| 1994 | delimit-columns-str-after Specify a string to be inserted |
| 1995 | after all columns. |
| 1996 | |
| 1997 | delimit-columns-separator Specify a regexp which separates |
| 1998 | each column. |
| 1999 | |
| 2000 | delim-col has the following commands: |
| 2001 | |
| 2002 | delimit-columns-region Prettify all columns in a text region. |
| 2003 | delimit-columns-rectangle Prettify all columns in a text rectangle. |
| 2004 | |
| 2005 | *** Recentf mode maintains a menu for visiting files that were |
| 2006 | operated on recently. User option recentf-menu-filter specifies a |
| 2007 | menu filter function to change the menu appearance. For example, the |
| 2008 | recent file list can be displayed: |
| 2009 | |
| 2010 | - organized by major modes, directories or user defined rules. |
| 2011 | - sorted by file paths, file names, ascending or descending. |
| 2012 | - showing paths relative to the current default-directory |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | The `recentf-filter-changer' menu filter function allows to |
| 2015 | dynamically change the menu appearance. |
| 2016 | |
| 2017 | *** elide-head.el provides a mechanism for eliding boilerplate header |
| 2018 | text. |
| 2019 | |
| 2020 | *** footnote.el provides `footnote-mode', a minor mode supporting use |
| 2021 | of footnotes. It is intended for use with Message mode, but isn't |
| 2022 | specific to Message mode. |
| 2023 | |
| 2024 | *** diff-mode.el provides `diff-mode', a major mode for |
| 2025 | viewing/editing context diffs (patches). It is selected for files |
| 2026 | with extension `.diff', `.diffs', `.patch' and `.rej'. |
| 2027 | |
| 2028 | *** EUDC, the Emacs Unified Directory Client, provides a common user |
| 2029 | interface to access directory servers using different directory |
| 2030 | protocols. It has a separate manual. |
| 2031 | |
| 2032 | *** autoconf.el provides a major mode for editing configure.in files |
| 2033 | for Autoconf, selected automatically. |
| 2034 | |
| 2035 | *** windmove.el provides moving between windows. |
| 2036 | |
| 2037 | *** crm.el provides a facility to read multiple strings from the |
| 2038 | minibuffer with completion. |
| 2039 | |
| 2040 | *** todo-mode.el provides management of TODO lists and integration |
| 2041 | with the diary features. |
| 2042 | |
| 2043 | *** autoarg.el provides a feature reported from Twenex Emacs whereby |
| 2044 | numeric keys supply prefix args rather than self inserting. |
| 2045 | |
| 2046 | *** The function `turn-off-auto-fill' unconditionally turns off Auto |
| 2047 | Fill mode. |
| 2048 | |
| 2049 | *** pcomplete.el is a library that provides programmable completion |
| 2050 | facilities for Emacs, similar to what zsh and tcsh offer. The main |
| 2051 | difference is that completion functions are written in Lisp, meaning |
| 2052 | they can be profiled, debugged, etc. |
| 2053 | |
| 2054 | *** antlr-mode is a new major mode for editing ANTLR grammar files. |
| 2055 | It is automatically turned on for files whose names have the extension |
| 2056 | `.g'. |
| 2057 | |
| 2058 | ** Changes in sort.el |
| 2059 | |
| 2060 | The function sort-numeric-fields interprets numbers starting with `0' |
| 2061 | as octal and numbers starting with `0x' or `0X' as hexadecimal. The |
| 2062 | new user-option sort-numeric-base can be used to specify a default |
| 2063 | numeric base. |
| 2064 | |
| 2065 | ** Changes to Ange-ftp |
| 2066 | |
| 2067 | *** Ange-ftp allows you to specify of a port number in remote file |
| 2068 | names cleanly. It is appended to the host name, separated by a hash |
| 2069 | sign, e.g. `/foo@bar.org#666:mumble'. (This syntax comes from EFS.) |
| 2070 | |
| 2071 | *** If the new user-option `ange-ftp-try-passive-mode' is set, passive |
| 2072 | ftp mode will be used if the ftp client supports that. |
| 2073 | |
| 2074 | *** Ange-ftp handles the output of the w32-style clients which |
| 2075 | output ^M at the end of lines. |
| 2076 | |
| 2077 | ** The recommended way of using Iswitchb is via the new global minor |
| 2078 | mode `iswitchb-mode'. |
| 2079 | |
| 2080 | ** Just loading the msb package doesn't switch on Msb mode anymore. |
| 2081 | If you have `(require 'msb)' in your .emacs, please replace it with |
| 2082 | `(msb-mode 1)'. |
| 2083 | |
| 2084 | ** Changes in Flyspell mode |
| 2085 | |
| 2086 | *** Flyspell mode has various new options. See the `flyspell' Custom |
| 2087 | group. |
| 2088 | |
| 2089 | *** The variable `flyspell-generic-check-word-p' has been renamed |
| 2090 | to `flyspell-generic-check-word-predicate'. The old name is still |
| 2091 | available as alias. |
| 2092 | |
| 2093 | ** The user option `backward-delete-char-untabify-method' controls the |
| 2094 | behavior of `backward-delete-char-untabify'. The following values |
| 2095 | are recognized: |
| 2096 | |
| 2097 | `untabify' -- turn a tab to many spaces, then delete one space; |
| 2098 | `hungry' -- delete all whitespace, both tabs and spaces; |
| 2099 | `all' -- delete all whitespace, including tabs, spaces and newlines; |
| 2100 | nil -- just delete one character. |
| 2101 | |
| 2102 | Default value is `untabify'. |
| 2103 | |
| 2104 | [This change was made in Emacs 20.3 but not mentioned then.] |
| 2105 | |
| 2106 | ** In Cperl mode `cperl-invalid-face' should now be a normal face |
| 2107 | symbol, not double-quoted. |
| 2108 | |
| 2109 | ** Some packages are declared obsolete, to be removed in a future |
| 2110 | version. They are: auto-show, c-mode, hilit19, hscroll, ooutline, |
| 2111 | profile, rnews, rnewspost, and sc. Their implementations have been |
| 2112 | moved to lisp/obsolete. |
| 2113 | |
| 2114 | ** auto-compression mode is no longer enabled just by loading jka-compr.el. |
| 2115 | To control it, set `auto-compression-mode' via Custom or use the |
| 2116 | `auto-compression-mode' command. |
| 2117 | |
| 2118 | ** `browse-url-gnome-moz' is a new option for |
| 2119 | `browse-url-browser-function', invoking Mozilla in GNOME, and |
| 2120 | `browse-url-kde' can be chosen for invoking the KDE browser. |
| 2121 | |
| 2122 | ** The user-option `browse-url-new-window-p' has been renamed to |
| 2123 | `browse-url-new-window-flag'. |
| 2124 | |
| 2125 | ** The functions `keep-lines', `flush-lines' and `how-many' now |
| 2126 | operate on the active region in Transient Mark mode. |
| 2127 | |
| 2128 | ** `gnus-user-agent' is a new possibility for `mail-user-agent'. It |
| 2129 | is like `message-user-agent', but with all the Gnus paraphernalia. |
| 2130 | |
| 2131 | ** The Strokes package has been updated. If your Emacs has XPM |
| 2132 | support, you can use it for pictographic editing. In Strokes mode, |
| 2133 | use C-mouse-2 to compose a complex stoke and insert it into the |
| 2134 | buffer. You can encode or decode a strokes buffer with new commands |
| 2135 | M-x strokes-encode-buffer and M-x strokes-decode-buffer. There is a |
| 2136 | new command M-x strokes-list-strokes. |
| 2137 | |
| 2138 | ** Hexl contains a new command `hexl-insert-hex-string' which inserts |
| 2139 | a string of hexadecimal numbers read from the mini-buffer. |
| 2140 | |
| 2141 | ** Hexl mode allows to insert non-ASCII characters. |
| 2142 | |
| 2143 | The non-ASCII characters are encoded using the same encoding as the |
| 2144 | file you are visiting in Hexl mode. |
| 2145 | |
| 2146 | ** Shell script mode changes. |
| 2147 | |
| 2148 | Shell script mode (sh-script) can now indent scripts for shells |
| 2149 | derived from sh and rc. The indentation style is customizable, and |
| 2150 | sh-script can attempt to "learn" the current buffer's style. |
| 2151 | |
| 2152 | ** Etags changes. |
| 2153 | |
| 2154 | *** In DOS, etags looks for file.cgz if it cannot find file.c. |
| 2155 | |
| 2156 | *** New option --ignore-case-regex is an alternative to --regex. It is now |
| 2157 | possible to bind a regexp to a language, by prepending the regexp with |
| 2158 | {lang}, where lang is one of the languages that `etags --help' prints out. |
| 2159 | This feature is useful especially for regex files, where each line contains |
| 2160 | a regular expression. The manual contains details. |
| 2161 | |
| 2162 | *** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for function |
| 2163 | declarations when given the --declarations option. |
| 2164 | |
| 2165 | *** In C++, tags are created for "operator". The tags have the form |
| 2166 | "operator+", without spaces between the keyword and the operator. |
| 2167 | |
| 2168 | *** You shouldn't generally need any more the -C or -c++ option: etags |
| 2169 | automatically switches to C++ parsing when it meets the `class' or |
| 2170 | `template' keywords. |
| 2171 | |
| 2172 | *** Etags now is able to delve at arbitrary deeps into nested structures in |
| 2173 | C-like languages. Previously, it was limited to one or two brace levels. |
| 2174 | |
| 2175 | *** New language Ada: tags are functions, procedures, packages, tasks, and |
| 2176 | types. |
| 2177 | |
| 2178 | *** In Fortran, `procedure' is not tagged. |
| 2179 | |
| 2180 | *** In Java, tags are created for "interface". |
| 2181 | |
| 2182 | *** In Lisp, "(defstruct (foo", "(defun (operator" and similar constructs |
| 2183 | are now tagged. |
| 2184 | |
| 2185 | *** In makefiles, tags the targets. |
| 2186 | |
| 2187 | *** In Perl, the --globals option tags global variables. my and local |
| 2188 | variables are tagged. |
| 2189 | |
| 2190 | *** New language Python: def and class at the beginning of a line are tags. |
| 2191 | |
| 2192 | *** .ss files are Scheme files, .pdb is PostScript with C syntax, .psw is |
| 2193 | for PSWrap. |
| 2194 | |
| 2195 | ** Changes in etags.el |
| 2196 | |
| 2197 | *** The new user-option tags-case-fold-search can be used to make |
| 2198 | tags operations case-sensitive or case-insensitive. The default |
| 2199 | is to use the same setting as case-fold-search. |
| 2200 | |
| 2201 | *** You can display additional output with M-x tags-apropos by setting |
| 2202 | the new variable tags-apropos-additional-actions. |
| 2203 | |
| 2204 | If non-nil, the variable's value should be a list of triples (TITLE |
| 2205 | FUNCTION TO-SEARCH). For each triple, M-x tags-apropos processes |
| 2206 | TO-SEARCH and lists tags from it. TO-SEARCH should be an alist, |
| 2207 | obarray, or symbol. If it is a symbol, the symbol's value is used. |
| 2208 | |
| 2209 | TITLE is a string to use to label the list of tags from TO-SEARCH. |
| 2210 | |
| 2211 | FUNCTION is a function to call when an entry is selected in the Tags |
| 2212 | List buffer. It is called with one argument, the selected symbol. |
| 2213 | |
| 2214 | A useful example value for this variable might be something like: |
| 2215 | |
| 2216 | '(("Emacs Lisp" Info-goto-emacs-command-node obarray) |
| 2217 | ("Common Lisp" common-lisp-hyperspec common-lisp-hyperspec-obarray) |
| 2218 | ("SCWM" scwm-documentation scwm-obarray)) |
| 2219 | |
| 2220 | *** The face tags-tag-face can be used to customize the appearance |
| 2221 | of tags in the output of M-x tags-apropos. |
| 2222 | |
| 2223 | *** Setting tags-apropos-verbose to a non-nil value displays the |
| 2224 | names of tags files in the *Tags List* buffer. |
| 2225 | |
| 2226 | *** You can now search for tags that are part of the filename itself. |
| 2227 | If you have tagged the files topfile.c subdir/subfile.c |
| 2228 | /tmp/tempfile.c, you can now search for tags "topfile.c", "subfile.c", |
| 2229 | "dir/sub", "tempfile", "tempfile.c". If the tag matches the file name, |
| 2230 | point will go to the beginning of the file. |
| 2231 | |
| 2232 | *** Compressed files are now transparently supported if |
| 2233 | auto-compression-mode is active. You can tag (with Etags) and search |
| 2234 | (with find-tag) both compressed and uncompressed files. |
| 2235 | |
| 2236 | *** Tags commands like M-x tags-search no longer change point |
| 2237 | in buffers where no match is found. In buffers where a match is |
| 2238 | found, the original value of point is pushed on the marker ring. |
| 2239 | |
| 2240 | ** Fortran mode has a new command `fortran-strip-sequence-nos' to |
| 2241 | remove text past column 72. The syntax class of `\' in Fortran is now |
| 2242 | appropriate for C-style escape sequences in strings. |
| 2243 | |
| 2244 | ** SGML mode's default `sgml-validate-command' is now `nsgmls'. |
| 2245 | |
| 2246 | ** A new command `view-emacs-problems' (C-h P) displays the PROBLEMS file. |
| 2247 | |
| 2248 | ** The Dabbrev package has a new user-option `dabbrev-ignored-regexps' |
| 2249 | containing a list of regular expressions. Buffers matching a regular |
| 2250 | expression from that list, are not checked. |
| 2251 | |
| 2252 | ** Emacs can now figure out modification times of remote files. |
| 2253 | When you do C-x C-f /user@host:/path/file RET and edit the file, |
| 2254 | and someone else modifies the file, you will be prompted to revert |
| 2255 | the buffer, just like for the local files. |
| 2256 | |
| 2257 | ** The buffer menu (C-x C-b) no longer lists the *Buffer List* buffer. |
| 2258 | |
| 2259 | ** When invoked with a prefix argument, the command `list-abbrevs' now |
| 2260 | displays local abbrevs, only. |
| 2261 | |
| 2262 | ** Refill minor mode provides preliminary support for keeping |
| 2263 | paragraphs filled as you modify them. |
| 2264 | |
| 2265 | ** The variable `double-click-fuzz' specifies how much the mouse |
| 2266 | may be moved between clicks that are recognized as a pair. Its value |
| 2267 | is measured in pixels. |
| 2268 | |
| 2269 | ** The new global minor mode `auto-image-file-mode' allows image files |
| 2270 | to be visited as images. |
| 2271 | |
| 2272 | ** Two new user-options `grep-command' and `grep-find-command' |
| 2273 | were added to compile.el. |
| 2274 | |
| 2275 | ** Withdrawn packages |
| 2276 | |
| 2277 | *** mldrag.el has been removed. mouse.el provides the same |
| 2278 | functionality with aliases for the mldrag functions. |
| 2279 | |
| 2280 | *** eval-reg.el has been obsoleted by changes to edebug.el and removed. |
| 2281 | |
| 2282 | *** ph.el has been obsoleted by EUDC and removed. |
| 2283 | |
| 2284 | \f |
| 2285 | * Incompatible Lisp changes in 21.1 |
| 2286 | |
| 2287 | There are a few Lisp changes which are not backwards-compatible and |
| 2288 | may require changes to existing code. Here is a list for reference. |
| 2289 | See the sections below for details. |
| 2290 | |
| 2291 | ** Since `format' preserves text properties, the idiom |
| 2292 | `(format "%s" foo)' no longer works to copy and remove properties. |
| 2293 | Use `copy-sequence' to copy the string, then use `set-text-properties' |
| 2294 | to remove the properties of the copy. |
| 2295 | |
| 2296 | ** Since the `keymap' text property now has significance, some code |
| 2297 | which uses both `local-map' and `keymap' properties (for portability) |
| 2298 | may, for instance, give rise to duplicate menus when the keymaps from |
| 2299 | these properties are active. |
| 2300 | |
| 2301 | ** The change in the treatment of non-ASCII characters in search |
| 2302 | ranges may affect some code. |
| 2303 | |
| 2304 | ** A non-nil value for the LOCAL arg of add-hook makes the hook |
| 2305 | buffer-local even if `make-local-hook' hasn't been called, which might |
| 2306 | make a difference to some code. |
| 2307 | |
| 2308 | ** The new treatment of the minibuffer prompt might affect code which |
| 2309 | operates on the minibuffer. |
| 2310 | |
| 2311 | ** The new character sets `eight-bit-control' and `eight-bit-graphic' |
| 2312 | cause `no-conversion' and `emacs-mule-unix' coding systems to produce |
| 2313 | different results when reading files with non-ASCII characters |
| 2314 | (previously, both coding systems would produce the same results). |
| 2315 | Specifically, `no-conversion' interprets each 8-bit byte as a separate |
| 2316 | character. This makes `no-conversion' inappropriate for reading |
| 2317 | multibyte text, e.g. buffers written to disk in their internal MULE |
| 2318 | encoding (auto-saving does that, for example). If a Lisp program |
| 2319 | reads such files with `no-conversion', each byte of the multibyte |
| 2320 | sequence, including the MULE leading codes such as \201, is treated as |
| 2321 | a separate character, which prevents them from being interpreted in |
| 2322 | the buffer as multibyte characters. |
| 2323 | |
| 2324 | Therefore, Lisp programs that read files which contain the internal |
| 2325 | MULE encoding should use `emacs-mule-unix'. `no-conversion' is only |
| 2326 | appropriate for reading truly binary files. |
| 2327 | |
| 2328 | ** Code that relies on the obsolete `before-change-function' and |
| 2329 | `after-change-function' to detect buffer changes will now fail. Use |
| 2330 | `before-change-functions' and `after-change-functions' instead. |
| 2331 | |
| 2332 | ** Code that uses `concat' with integer args now gets an error, as |
| 2333 | long promised. So does any code that uses derivatives of `concat', |
| 2334 | such as `mapconcat'. |
| 2335 | |
| 2336 | ** The function base64-decode-string now always returns a unibyte |
| 2337 | string. |
| 2338 | |
| 2339 | ** Not a Lisp incompatibility as such but, with the introduction of |
| 2340 | extra private charsets, there is now only one slot free for a new |
| 2341 | dimension-2 private charset. User code which tries to add more than |
| 2342 | one extra will fail unless you rebuild Emacs with some standard |
| 2343 | charset(s) removed; that is probably inadvisable because it changes |
| 2344 | the emacs-mule encoding. Also, files stored in the emacs-mule |
| 2345 | encoding using Emacs 20 with additional private charsets defined will |
| 2346 | probably not be read correctly by Emacs 21. |
| 2347 | |
| 2348 | ** The variable `directory-sep-char' is slated for removal. |
| 2349 | Not really a change (yet), but a projected one that you should be |
| 2350 | aware of: The variable `directory-sep-char' is deprecated, and should |
| 2351 | not be used. It was always ignored on GNU/Linux and Unix systems and |
| 2352 | on MS-DOS, but the MS-Windows port tried to support it by adapting the |
| 2353 | behavior of certain primitives to the value of this variable. It |
| 2354 | turned out that such support cannot be reliable, so it was decided to |
| 2355 | remove this variable in the near future. Lisp programs are well |
| 2356 | advised not to set it to anything but '/', because any different value |
| 2357 | will not have any effect when support for this variable is removed. |
| 2358 | |
| 2359 | \f |
| 2360 | * Lisp changes made after edition 2.6 of the Emacs Lisp Manual, |
| 2361 | (Display-related features are described in a page of their own below.) |
| 2362 | |
| 2363 | ** Function assq-delete-all replaces function assoc-delete-all. |
| 2364 | |
| 2365 | ** The new function animate-string, from lisp/play/animate.el |
| 2366 | allows the animated display of strings. |
| 2367 | |
| 2368 | ** The new function `interactive-form' can be used to obtain the |
| 2369 | interactive form of a function. |
| 2370 | |
| 2371 | ** The keyword :set-after in defcustom allows to specify dependencies |
| 2372 | between custom options. Example: |
| 2373 | |
| 2374 | (defcustom default-input-method nil |
| 2375 | "*Default input method for multilingual text (a string). |
| 2376 | This is the input method activated automatically by the command |
| 2377 | `toggle-input-method' (\\[toggle-input-method])." |
| 2378 | :group 'mule |
| 2379 | :type '(choice (const nil) string) |
| 2380 | :set-after '(current-language-environment)) |
| 2381 | |
| 2382 | This specifies that default-input-method should be set after |
| 2383 | current-language-environment even if default-input-method appears |
| 2384 | first in a custom-set-variables statement. |
| 2385 | |
| 2386 | ** The new hook `kbd-macro-termination-hook' is run at the end of |
| 2387 | function execute-kbd-macro. Functions on this hook are called with no |
| 2388 | args. The hook is run independent of how the macro was terminated |
| 2389 | (signal or normal termination). |
| 2390 | |
| 2391 | ** Functions `butlast' and `nbutlast' for removing trailing elements |
| 2392 | from a list are now available without requiring the CL package. |
| 2393 | |
| 2394 | ** The new user-option `even-window-heights' can be set to nil |
| 2395 | to prevent `display-buffer' from evening out window heights. |
| 2396 | |
| 2397 | ** The user-option `face-font-registry-alternatives' specifies |
| 2398 | alternative font registry names to try when looking for a font. |
| 2399 | |
| 2400 | ** Function `md5' calculates the MD5 "message digest"/"checksum". |
| 2401 | |
| 2402 | ** Function `delete-frame' runs `delete-frame-hook' before actually |
| 2403 | deleting the frame. The hook is called with one arg, the frame |
| 2404 | being deleted. |
| 2405 | |
| 2406 | ** `add-hook' now makes the hook local if called with a non-nil LOCAL arg. |
| 2407 | |
| 2408 | ** The treatment of non-ASCII characters in search ranges has changed. |
| 2409 | If a range in a regular expression or the arg of |
| 2410 | skip-chars-forward/backward starts with a unibyte character C and ends |
| 2411 | with a multibyte character C2, the range is divided into two: one is |
| 2412 | C..?\377, the other is C1..C2, where C1 is the first character of C2's |
| 2413 | charset. |
| 2414 | |
| 2415 | ** The new function `display-message-or-buffer' displays a message in |
| 2416 | the echo area or pops up a buffer, depending on the length of the |
| 2417 | message. |
| 2418 | |
| 2419 | ** The new macro `with-auto-compression-mode' allows evaluating an |
| 2420 | expression with auto-compression-mode enabled. |
| 2421 | |
| 2422 | ** In image specifications, `:heuristic-mask' has been replaced |
| 2423 | with the more general `:mask' property. |
| 2424 | |
| 2425 | ** Image specifications accept more `:conversion's. |
| 2426 | |
| 2427 | ** A `?' can be used in a symbol name without escaping it with a |
| 2428 | backslash. |
| 2429 | |
| 2430 | ** Reading from the mini-buffer now reads from standard input if Emacs |
| 2431 | is running in batch mode. For example, |
| 2432 | |
| 2433 | (message "%s" (read t)) |
| 2434 | |
| 2435 | will read a Lisp expression from standard input and print the result |
| 2436 | to standard output. |
| 2437 | |
| 2438 | ** The argument of `down-list', `backward-up-list', `up-list', |
| 2439 | `kill-sexp', `backward-kill-sexp' and `mark-sexp' is now optional. |
| 2440 | |
| 2441 | ** If `display-buffer-reuse-frames' is set, function `display-buffer' |
| 2442 | will raise frames displaying a buffer, instead of creating a new |
| 2443 | frame or window. |
| 2444 | |
| 2445 | ** Two new functions for removing elements from lists/sequences |
| 2446 | were added |
| 2447 | |
| 2448 | - Function: remove ELT SEQ |
| 2449 | |
| 2450 | Return a copy of SEQ with all occurrences of ELT removed. SEQ must be |
| 2451 | a list, vector, or string. The comparison is done with `equal'. |
| 2452 | |
| 2453 | - Function: remq ELT LIST |
| 2454 | |
| 2455 | Return a copy of LIST with all occurrences of ELT removed. The |
| 2456 | comparison is done with `eq'. |
| 2457 | |
| 2458 | ** The function `delete' now also works with vectors and strings. |
| 2459 | |
| 2460 | ** The meaning of the `:weakness WEAK' argument of make-hash-table |
| 2461 | has been changed: WEAK can now have new values `key-or-value' and |
| 2462 | `key-and-value', in addition to `nil', `key', `value', and `t'. |
| 2463 | |
| 2464 | ** Function `aset' stores any multibyte character in any string |
| 2465 | without signaling "Attempt to change char length of a string". It may |
| 2466 | convert a unibyte string to multibyte if necessary. |
| 2467 | |
| 2468 | ** The value of the `help-echo' text property is called as a function |
| 2469 | or evaluated, if it is not a string already, to obtain a help string. |
| 2470 | |
| 2471 | ** Function `make-obsolete' now has an optional arg to say when the |
| 2472 | function was declared obsolete. |
| 2473 | |
| 2474 | ** Function `plist-member' is renamed from `widget-plist-member' (which is |
| 2475 | retained as an alias). |
| 2476 | |
| 2477 | ** Easy-menu's :filter now takes the unconverted form of the menu and |
| 2478 | the result is automatically converted to Emacs' form. |
| 2479 | |
| 2480 | ** The new function `window-list' has been defined |
| 2481 | |
| 2482 | - Function: window-list &optional FRAME WINDOW MINIBUF |
| 2483 | |
| 2484 | Return a list of windows on FRAME, starting with WINDOW. FRAME nil or |
| 2485 | omitted means use the selected frame. WINDOW nil or omitted means use |
| 2486 | the selected window. MINIBUF t means include the minibuffer window, |
| 2487 | even if it isn't active. MINIBUF nil or omitted means include the |
| 2488 | minibuffer window only if it's active. MINIBUF neither nil nor t |
| 2489 | means never include the minibuffer window. |
| 2490 | |
| 2491 | ** There's a new function `get-window-with-predicate' defined as follows |
| 2492 | |
| 2493 | - Function: get-window-with-predicate PREDICATE &optional MINIBUF ALL-FRAMES DEFAULT |
| 2494 | |
| 2495 | Return a window satisfying PREDICATE. |
| 2496 | |
| 2497 | This function cycles through all visible windows using `walk-windows', |
| 2498 | calling PREDICATE on each one. PREDICATE is called with a window as |
| 2499 | argument. The first window for which PREDICATE returns a non-nil |
| 2500 | value is returned. If no window satisfies PREDICATE, DEFAULT is |
| 2501 | returned. |
| 2502 | |
| 2503 | Optional second arg MINIBUF t means count the minibuffer window even |
| 2504 | if not active. MINIBUF nil or omitted means count the minibuffer if |
| 2505 | it is active. MINIBUF neither t nor nil means not to count the |
| 2506 | minibuffer even if it is active. |
| 2507 | |
| 2508 | Several frames may share a single minibuffer; if the minibuffer |
| 2509 | counts, all windows on all frames that share that minibuffer count |
| 2510 | too. Therefore, if you are using a separate minibuffer frame |
| 2511 | and the minibuffer is active and MINIBUF says it counts, |
| 2512 | `walk-windows' includes the windows in the frame from which you |
| 2513 | entered the minibuffer, as well as the minibuffer window. |
| 2514 | |
| 2515 | ALL-FRAMES is the optional third argument. |
| 2516 | ALL-FRAMES nil or omitted means cycle within the frames as specified above. |
| 2517 | ALL-FRAMES = `visible' means include windows on all visible frames. |
| 2518 | ALL-FRAMES = 0 means include windows on all visible and iconified frames. |
| 2519 | ALL-FRAMES = t means include windows on all frames including invisible frames. |
| 2520 | If ALL-FRAMES is a frame, it means include windows on that frame. |
| 2521 | Anything else means restrict to the selected frame. |
| 2522 | |
| 2523 | ** The function `single-key-description' now encloses function key and |
| 2524 | event names in angle brackets. When called with a second optional |
| 2525 | argument non-nil, angle brackets won't be printed. |
| 2526 | |
| 2527 | ** If the variable `message-truncate-lines' is bound to t around a |
| 2528 | call to `message', the echo area will not be resized to display that |
| 2529 | message; it will be truncated instead, as it was done in 20.x. |
| 2530 | Default value is nil. |
| 2531 | |
| 2532 | ** The user option `line-number-display-limit' can now be set to nil, |
| 2533 | meaning no limit. |
| 2534 | |
| 2535 | ** The new user option `line-number-display-limit-width' controls |
| 2536 | the maximum width of lines in a buffer for which Emacs displays line |
| 2537 | numbers in the mode line. The default is 200. |
| 2538 | |
| 2539 | ** `select-safe-coding-system' now also checks the most preferred |
| 2540 | coding-system if buffer-file-coding-system is `undecided' and |
| 2541 | DEFAULT-CODING-SYSTEM is not specified, |
| 2542 | |
| 2543 | ** The function `subr-arity' provides information about the argument |
| 2544 | list of a primitive. |
| 2545 | |
| 2546 | ** `where-is-internal' now also accepts a list of keymaps. |
| 2547 | |
| 2548 | ** The text property `keymap' specifies a key map which overrides the |
| 2549 | buffer's local map and the map specified by the `local-map' property. |
| 2550 | This is probably what most current uses of `local-map' want, rather |
| 2551 | than replacing the local map. |
| 2552 | |
| 2553 | ** The obsolete variables `before-change-function' and |
| 2554 | `after-change-function' are no longer acted upon and have been |
| 2555 | removed. Use `before-change-functions' and `after-change-functions' |
| 2556 | instead. |
| 2557 | |
| 2558 | ** The function `apropos-mode' runs the hook `apropos-mode-hook'. |
| 2559 | |
| 2560 | ** `concat' no longer accepts individual integer arguments, |
| 2561 | as promised long ago. |
| 2562 | |
| 2563 | ** The new function `float-time' returns the current time as a float. |
| 2564 | |
| 2565 | ** The new variable auto-coding-regexp-alist specifies coding systems |
| 2566 | for reading specific files, analogous to auto-coding-alist, but |
| 2567 | patterns are checked against file contents instead of file names. |
| 2568 | |
| 2569 | \f |
| 2570 | * Lisp changes in Emacs 21.1 (see following page for display-related features) |
| 2571 | |
| 2572 | ** The new package rx.el provides an alternative sexp notation for |
| 2573 | regular expressions. |
| 2574 | |
| 2575 | - Function: rx-to-string SEXP |
| 2576 | |
| 2577 | Translate SEXP into a regular expression in string notation. |
| 2578 | |
| 2579 | - Macro: rx SEXP |
| 2580 | |
| 2581 | Translate SEXP into a regular expression in string notation. |
| 2582 | |
| 2583 | The following are valid subforms of regular expressions in sexp |
| 2584 | notation. |
| 2585 | |
| 2586 | STRING |
| 2587 | matches string STRING literally. |
| 2588 | |
| 2589 | CHAR |
| 2590 | matches character CHAR literally. |
| 2591 | |
| 2592 | `not-newline' |
| 2593 | matches any character except a newline. |
| 2594 | . |
| 2595 | `anything' |
| 2596 | matches any character |
| 2597 | |
| 2598 | `(any SET)' |
| 2599 | matches any character in SET. SET may be a character or string. |
| 2600 | Ranges of characters can be specified as `A-Z' in strings. |
| 2601 | |
| 2602 | '(in SET)' |
| 2603 | like `any'. |
| 2604 | |
| 2605 | `(not (any SET))' |
| 2606 | matches any character not in SET |
| 2607 | |
| 2608 | `line-start' |
| 2609 | matches the empty string, but only at the beginning of a line |
| 2610 | in the text being matched |
| 2611 | |
| 2612 | `line-end' |
| 2613 | is similar to `line-start' but matches only at the end of a line |
| 2614 | |
| 2615 | `string-start' |
| 2616 | matches the empty string, but only at the beginning of the |
| 2617 | string being matched against. |
| 2618 | |
| 2619 | `string-end' |
| 2620 | matches the empty string, but only at the end of the |
| 2621 | string being matched against. |
| 2622 | |
| 2623 | `buffer-start' |
| 2624 | matches the empty string, but only at the beginning of the |
| 2625 | buffer being matched against. |
| 2626 | |
| 2627 | `buffer-end' |
| 2628 | matches the empty string, but only at the end of the |
| 2629 | buffer being matched against. |
| 2630 | |
| 2631 | `point' |
| 2632 | matches the empty string, but only at point. |
| 2633 | |
| 2634 | `word-start' |
| 2635 | matches the empty string, but only at the beginning or end of a |
| 2636 | word. |
| 2637 | |
| 2638 | `word-end' |
| 2639 | matches the empty string, but only at the end of a word. |
| 2640 | |
| 2641 | `word-boundary' |
| 2642 | matches the empty string, but only at the beginning or end of a |
| 2643 | word. |
| 2644 | |
| 2645 | `(not word-boundary)' |
| 2646 | matches the empty string, but not at the beginning or end of a |
| 2647 | word. |
| 2648 | |
| 2649 | `digit' |
| 2650 | matches 0 through 9. |
| 2651 | |
| 2652 | `control' |
| 2653 | matches ASCII control characters. |
| 2654 | |
| 2655 | `hex-digit' |
| 2656 | matches 0 through 9, a through f and A through F. |
| 2657 | |
| 2658 | `blank' |
| 2659 | matches space and tab only. |
| 2660 | |
| 2661 | `graphic' |
| 2662 | matches graphic characters--everything except ASCII control chars, |
| 2663 | space, and DEL. |
| 2664 | |
| 2665 | `printing' |
| 2666 | matches printing characters--everything except ASCII control chars |
| 2667 | and DEL. |
| 2668 | |
| 2669 | `alphanumeric' |
| 2670 | matches letters and digits. (But at present, for multibyte characters, |
| 2671 | it matches anything that has word syntax.) |
| 2672 | |
| 2673 | `letter' |
| 2674 | matches letters. (But at present, for multibyte characters, |
| 2675 | it matches anything that has word syntax.) |
| 2676 | |
| 2677 | `ascii' |
| 2678 | matches ASCII (unibyte) characters. |
| 2679 | |
| 2680 | `nonascii' |
| 2681 | matches non-ASCII (multibyte) characters. |
| 2682 | |
| 2683 | `lower' |
| 2684 | matches anything lower-case. |
| 2685 | |
| 2686 | `upper' |
| 2687 | matches anything upper-case. |
| 2688 | |
| 2689 | `punctuation' |
| 2690 | matches punctuation. (But at present, for multibyte characters, |
| 2691 | it matches anything that has non-word syntax.) |
| 2692 | |
| 2693 | `space' |
| 2694 | matches anything that has whitespace syntax. |
| 2695 | |
| 2696 | `word' |
| 2697 | matches anything that has word syntax. |
| 2698 | |
| 2699 | `(syntax SYNTAX)' |
| 2700 | matches a character with syntax SYNTAX. SYNTAX must be one |
| 2701 | of the following symbols. |
| 2702 | |
| 2703 | `whitespace' (\\s- in string notation) |
| 2704 | `punctuation' (\\s.) |
| 2705 | `word' (\\sw) |
| 2706 | `symbol' (\\s_) |
| 2707 | `open-parenthesis' (\\s() |
| 2708 | `close-parenthesis' (\\s)) |
| 2709 | `expression-prefix' (\\s') |
| 2710 | `string-quote' (\\s\") |
| 2711 | `paired-delimiter' (\\s$) |
| 2712 | `escape' (\\s\\) |
| 2713 | `character-quote' (\\s/) |
| 2714 | `comment-start' (\\s<) |
| 2715 | `comment-end' (\\s>) |
| 2716 | |
| 2717 | `(not (syntax SYNTAX))' |
| 2718 | matches a character that has not syntax SYNTAX. |
| 2719 | |
| 2720 | `(category CATEGORY)' |
| 2721 | matches a character with category CATEGORY. CATEGORY must be |
| 2722 | either a character to use for C, or one of the following symbols. |
| 2723 | |
| 2724 | `consonant' (\\c0 in string notation) |
| 2725 | `base-vowel' (\\c1) |
| 2726 | `upper-diacritical-mark' (\\c2) |
| 2727 | `lower-diacritical-mark' (\\c3) |
| 2728 | `tone-mark' (\\c4) |
| 2729 | `symbol' (\\c5) |
| 2730 | `digit' (\\c6) |
| 2731 | `vowel-modifying-diacritical-mark' (\\c7) |
| 2732 | `vowel-sign' (\\c8) |
| 2733 | `semivowel-lower' (\\c9) |
| 2734 | `not-at-end-of-line' (\\c<) |
| 2735 | `not-at-beginning-of-line' (\\c>) |
| 2736 | `alpha-numeric-two-byte' (\\cA) |
| 2737 | `chinse-two-byte' (\\cC) |
| 2738 | `greek-two-byte' (\\cG) |
| 2739 | `japanese-hiragana-two-byte' (\\cH) |
| 2740 | `indian-two-byte' (\\cI) |
| 2741 | `japanese-katakana-two-byte' (\\cK) |
| 2742 | `korean-hangul-two-byte' (\\cN) |
| 2743 | `cyrillic-two-byte' (\\cY) |
| 2744 | `ascii' (\\ca) |
| 2745 | `arabic' (\\cb) |
| 2746 | `chinese' (\\cc) |
| 2747 | `ethiopic' (\\ce) |
| 2748 | `greek' (\\cg) |
| 2749 | `korean' (\\ch) |
| 2750 | `indian' (\\ci) |
| 2751 | `japanese' (\\cj) |
| 2752 | `japanese-katakana' (\\ck) |
| 2753 | `latin' (\\cl) |
| 2754 | `lao' (\\co) |
| 2755 | `tibetan' (\\cq) |
| 2756 | `japanese-roman' (\\cr) |
| 2757 | `thai' (\\ct) |
| 2758 | `vietnamese' (\\cv) |
| 2759 | `hebrew' (\\cw) |
| 2760 | `cyrillic' (\\cy) |
| 2761 | `can-break' (\\c|) |
| 2762 | |
| 2763 | `(not (category CATEGORY))' |
| 2764 | matches a character that has not category CATEGORY. |
| 2765 | |
| 2766 | `(and SEXP1 SEXP2 ...)' |
| 2767 | matches what SEXP1 matches, followed by what SEXP2 matches, etc. |
| 2768 | |
| 2769 | `(submatch SEXP1 SEXP2 ...)' |
| 2770 | like `and', but makes the match accessible with `match-end', |
| 2771 | `match-beginning', and `match-string'. |
| 2772 | |
| 2773 | `(group SEXP1 SEXP2 ...)' |
| 2774 | another name for `submatch'. |
| 2775 | |
| 2776 | `(or SEXP1 SEXP2 ...)' |
| 2777 | matches anything that matches SEXP1 or SEXP2, etc. If all |
| 2778 | args are strings, use `regexp-opt' to optimize the resulting |
| 2779 | regular expression. |
| 2780 | |
| 2781 | `(minimal-match SEXP)' |
| 2782 | produce a non-greedy regexp for SEXP. Normally, regexps matching |
| 2783 | zero or more occurrences of something are \"greedy\" in that they |
| 2784 | match as much as they can, as long as the overall regexp can |
| 2785 | still match. A non-greedy regexp matches as little as possible. |
| 2786 | |
| 2787 | `(maximal-match SEXP)' |
| 2788 | produce a greedy regexp for SEXP. This is the default. |
| 2789 | |
| 2790 | `(zero-or-more SEXP)' |
| 2791 | matches zero or more occurrences of what SEXP matches. |
| 2792 | |
| 2793 | `(0+ SEXP)' |
| 2794 | like `zero-or-more'. |
| 2795 | |
| 2796 | `(* SEXP)' |
| 2797 | like `zero-or-more', but always produces a greedy regexp. |
| 2798 | |
| 2799 | `(*? SEXP)' |
| 2800 | like `zero-or-more', but always produces a non-greedy regexp. |
| 2801 | |
| 2802 | `(one-or-more SEXP)' |
| 2803 | matches one or more occurrences of A. |
| 2804 | |
| 2805 | `(1+ SEXP)' |
| 2806 | like `one-or-more'. |
| 2807 | |
| 2808 | `(+ SEXP)' |
| 2809 | like `one-or-more', but always produces a greedy regexp. |
| 2810 | |
| 2811 | `(+? SEXP)' |
| 2812 | like `one-or-more', but always produces a non-greedy regexp. |
| 2813 | |
| 2814 | `(zero-or-one SEXP)' |
| 2815 | matches zero or one occurrences of A. |
| 2816 | |
| 2817 | `(optional SEXP)' |
| 2818 | like `zero-or-one'. |
| 2819 | |
| 2820 | `(? SEXP)' |
| 2821 | like `zero-or-one', but always produces a greedy regexp. |
| 2822 | |
| 2823 | `(?? SEXP)' |
| 2824 | like `zero-or-one', but always produces a non-greedy regexp. |
| 2825 | |
| 2826 | `(repeat N SEXP)' |
| 2827 | matches N occurrences of what SEXP matches. |
| 2828 | |
| 2829 | `(repeat N M SEXP)' |
| 2830 | matches N to M occurrences of what SEXP matches. |
| 2831 | |
| 2832 | `(eval FORM)' |
| 2833 | evaluate FORM and insert result. If result is a string, |
| 2834 | `regexp-quote' it. |
| 2835 | |
| 2836 | `(regexp REGEXP)' |
| 2837 | include REGEXP in string notation in the result. |
| 2838 | |
| 2839 | *** The features `md5' and `overlay' are now provided by default. |
| 2840 | |
| 2841 | *** The special form `save-restriction' now works correctly even if the |
| 2842 | buffer is widened inside the save-restriction and changes made outside |
| 2843 | the original restriction. Previously, doing this would cause the saved |
| 2844 | restriction to be restored incorrectly. |
| 2845 | |
| 2846 | *** The functions `find-charset-region' and `find-charset-string' include |
| 2847 | `eight-bit-control' and/or `eight-bit-graphic' in the returned list |
| 2848 | when they find 8-bit characters. Previously, they included `ascii' in a |
| 2849 | multibyte buffer and `unknown' in a unibyte buffer. |
| 2850 | |
| 2851 | *** The functions `set-buffer-multibyte', `string-as-multibyte' and |
| 2852 | `string-as-unibyte' change the byte sequence of a buffer or a string |
| 2853 | if it contains a character from the `eight-bit-control' character set. |
| 2854 | |
| 2855 | *** The handling of multibyte sequences in a multibyte buffer is |
| 2856 | changed. Previously, a byte sequence matching the pattern |
| 2857 | [\200-\237][\240-\377]+ was interpreted as a single character |
| 2858 | regardless of the length of the trailing bytes [\240-\377]+. Thus, if |
| 2859 | the sequence was longer than what the leading byte indicated, the |
| 2860 | extra trailing bytes were ignored by Lisp functions. Now such extra |
| 2861 | bytes are independent 8-bit characters belonging to the charset |
| 2862 | eight-bit-graphic. |
| 2863 | |
| 2864 | ** Fontsets are now implemented using char-tables. |
| 2865 | |
| 2866 | A fontset can now be specified for each independent character, for |
| 2867 | a group of characters or for a character set rather than just for a |
| 2868 | character set as previously. |
| 2869 | |
| 2870 | *** The arguments of the function `set-fontset-font' are changed. |
| 2871 | They are NAME, CHARACTER, FONTNAME, and optional FRAME. The function |
| 2872 | modifies fontset NAME to use FONTNAME for CHARACTER. |
| 2873 | |
| 2874 | CHARACTER may be a cons (FROM . TO), where FROM and TO are non-generic |
| 2875 | characters. In that case FONTNAME is used for all characters in the |
| 2876 | range FROM and TO (inclusive). CHARACTER may be a charset. In that |
| 2877 | case FONTNAME is used for all character in the charset. |
| 2878 | |
| 2879 | FONTNAME may be a cons (FAMILY . REGISTRY), where FAMILY is the family |
| 2880 | name of a font and REGISTRY is a registry name of a font. |
| 2881 | |
| 2882 | *** Variable x-charset-registry has been deleted. The default charset |
| 2883 | registries of character sets are set in the default fontset |
| 2884 | "fontset-default". |
| 2885 | |
| 2886 | *** The function `create-fontset-from-fontset-spec' ignores the second |
| 2887 | argument STYLE-VARIANT. It never creates style-variant fontsets. |
| 2888 | |
| 2889 | ** The method of composing characters is changed. Now character |
| 2890 | composition is done by a special text property `composition' in |
| 2891 | buffers and strings. |
| 2892 | |
| 2893 | *** Charset composition is deleted. Emacs never creates a `composite |
| 2894 | character' which is an independent character with a unique character |
| 2895 | code. Thus the following functions handling `composite characters' |
| 2896 | have been deleted: composite-char-component, |
| 2897 | composite-char-component-count, composite-char-composition-rule, |
| 2898 | composite-char-composition-rule and decompose-composite-char delete. |
| 2899 | The variables leading-code-composition and min-composite-char have |
| 2900 | also been deleted. |
| 2901 | |
| 2902 | *** Three more glyph reference points are added. They can be used to |
| 2903 | specify a composition rule. See the documentation of the variable |
| 2904 | `reference-point-alist' for more detail. |
| 2905 | |
| 2906 | *** The function `compose-region' takes new arguments COMPONENTS and |
| 2907 | MODIFICATION-FUNC. With COMPONENTS, you can specify not only a |
| 2908 | composition rule but also characters to be composed. Such characters |
| 2909 | may differ between buffer and string text. |
| 2910 | |
| 2911 | *** The function `compose-string' takes new arguments START, END, |
| 2912 | COMPONENTS, and MODIFICATION-FUNC. |
| 2913 | |
| 2914 | *** The function `compose-string' puts text property `composition' |
| 2915 | directly on the argument STRING instead of returning a new string. |
| 2916 | Likewise, the function `decompose-string' just removes text property |
| 2917 | `composition' from STRING. |
| 2918 | |
| 2919 | *** The new function `find-composition' returns information about |
| 2920 | a composition at a specified position in a buffer or a string. |
| 2921 | |
| 2922 | *** The function `decompose-composite-char' is now labeled as |
| 2923 | obsolete. |
| 2924 | |
| 2925 | ** The new coding system `mac-roman' is primarily intended for use on |
| 2926 | the Macintosh but may be used generally for Macintosh-encoded text. |
| 2927 | |
| 2928 | ** The new character sets `mule-unicode-0100-24ff', |
| 2929 | `mule-unicode-2500-33ff', and `mule-unicode-e000-ffff' have been |
| 2930 | introduced for Unicode characters in the range U+0100..U+24FF, |
| 2931 | U+2500..U+33FF, U+E000..U+FFFF respectively. |
| 2932 | |
| 2933 | Note that the character sets are not yet unified in Emacs, so |
| 2934 | characters which belong to charsets such as Latin-2, Greek, Hebrew, |
| 2935 | etc. and the same characters in the `mule-unicode-*' charsets are |
| 2936 | different characters, as far as Emacs is concerned. For example, text |
| 2937 | which includes Unicode characters from the Latin-2 locale cannot be |
| 2938 | encoded by Emacs with ISO 8859-2 coding system. |
| 2939 | |
| 2940 | ** The new coding system `mule-utf-8' has been added. |
| 2941 | It provides limited support for decoding/encoding UTF-8 text. For |
| 2942 | details, please see the documentation string of this coding system. |
| 2943 | |
| 2944 | ** The new character sets `japanese-jisx0213-1' and |
| 2945 | `japanese-jisx0213-2' have been introduced for the new Japanese |
| 2946 | standard JIS X 0213 Plane 1 and Plane 2. |
| 2947 | |
| 2948 | ** The new character sets `latin-iso8859-14' and `latin-iso8859-15' |
| 2949 | have been introduced. |
| 2950 | |
| 2951 | ** The new character sets `eight-bit-control' and `eight-bit-graphic' |
| 2952 | have been introduced for 8-bit characters in the ranges 0x80..0x9F and |
| 2953 | 0xA0..0xFF respectively. Note that the multibyte representation of |
| 2954 | eight-bit-control is never exposed; this leads to an exception in the |
| 2955 | emacs-mule coding system, which encodes everything else to the |
| 2956 | buffer/string internal representation. Note that to search for |
| 2957 | eight-bit-graphic characters in a multibyte buffer, the search string |
| 2958 | must be multibyte, otherwise such characters will be converted to |
| 2959 | their multibyte equivalent. |
| 2960 | |
| 2961 | ** If the APPEND argument of `write-region' is an integer, it seeks to |
| 2962 | that offset in the file before writing. |
| 2963 | |
| 2964 | ** The function `add-minor-mode' has been added for convenience and |
| 2965 | compatibility with XEmacs (and is used internally by define-minor-mode). |
| 2966 | |
| 2967 | ** The function `shell-command' now sets the default directory of the |
| 2968 | `*Shell Command Output*' buffer to the default directory of the buffer |
| 2969 | from which the command was issued. |
| 2970 | |
| 2971 | ** The functions `query-replace', `query-replace-regexp', |
| 2972 | `query-replace-regexp-eval' `map-query-replace-regexp', |
| 2973 | `replace-string', `replace-regexp', and `perform-replace' take two |
| 2974 | additional optional arguments START and END that specify the region to |
| 2975 | operate on. |
| 2976 | |
| 2977 | ** The new function `count-screen-lines' is a more flexible alternative |
| 2978 | to `window-buffer-height'. |
| 2979 | |
| 2980 | - Function: count-screen-lines &optional BEG END COUNT-FINAL-NEWLINE WINDOW |
| 2981 | |
| 2982 | Return the number of screen lines in the region between BEG and END. |
| 2983 | The number of screen lines may be different from the number of actual |
| 2984 | lines, due to line breaking, display table, etc. |
| 2985 | |
| 2986 | Optional arguments BEG and END default to `point-min' and `point-max' |
| 2987 | respectively. |
| 2988 | |
| 2989 | If region ends with a newline, ignore it unless optional third argument |
| 2990 | COUNT-FINAL-NEWLINE is non-nil. |
| 2991 | |
| 2992 | The optional fourth argument WINDOW specifies the window used for |
| 2993 | obtaining parameters such as width, horizontal scrolling, and so |
| 2994 | on. The default is to use the selected window's parameters. |
| 2995 | |
| 2996 | Like `vertical-motion', `count-screen-lines' always uses the current |
| 2997 | buffer, regardless of which buffer is displayed in WINDOW. This makes |
| 2998 | possible to use `count-screen-lines' in any buffer, whether or not it |
| 2999 | is currently displayed in some window. |
| 3000 | |
| 3001 | ** The new function `mapc' is like `mapcar' but doesn't collect the |
| 3002 | argument function's results. |
| 3003 | |
| 3004 | ** The functions base64-decode-region and base64-decode-string now |
| 3005 | signal an error instead of returning nil if decoding fails. Also, |
| 3006 | `base64-decode-string' now always returns a unibyte string (in Emacs |
| 3007 | 20, it returned a multibyte string when the result was a valid multibyte |
| 3008 | sequence). |
| 3009 | |
| 3010 | ** The function sendmail-user-agent-compose now recognizes a `body' |
| 3011 | header in the list of headers passed to it. |
| 3012 | |
| 3013 | ** The new function member-ignore-case works like `member', but |
| 3014 | ignores differences in case and text representation. |
| 3015 | |
| 3016 | ** The buffer-local variable cursor-type can be used to specify the |
| 3017 | cursor to use in windows displaying a buffer. Values are interpreted |
| 3018 | as follows: |
| 3019 | |
| 3020 | t use the cursor specified for the frame (default) |
| 3021 | nil don't display a cursor |
| 3022 | `bar' display a bar cursor with default width |
| 3023 | (bar . WIDTH) display a bar cursor with width WIDTH |
| 3024 | others display a box cursor. |
| 3025 | |
| 3026 | ** The variable open-paren-in-column-0-is-defun-start controls whether |
| 3027 | an open parenthesis in column 0 is considered to be the start of a |
| 3028 | defun. If set, the default, it is considered a defun start. If not |
| 3029 | set, an open parenthesis in column 0 has no special meaning. |
| 3030 | |
| 3031 | ** The new function `string-to-syntax' can be used to translate syntax |
| 3032 | specifications in string form as accepted by `modify-syntax-entry' to |
| 3033 | the cons-cell form that is used for the values of the `syntax-table' |
| 3034 | text property, and in `font-lock-syntactic-keywords'. |
| 3035 | |
| 3036 | Example: |
| 3037 | |
| 3038 | (string-to-syntax "()") |
| 3039 | => (4 . 41) |
| 3040 | |
| 3041 | ** Emacs' reader supports CL read syntax for integers in bases |
| 3042 | other than 10. |
| 3043 | |
| 3044 | *** `#BINTEGER' or `#bINTEGER' reads INTEGER in binary (radix 2). |
| 3045 | INTEGER optionally contains a sign. |
| 3046 | |
| 3047 | #b1111 |
| 3048 | => 15 |
| 3049 | #b-1111 |
| 3050 | => -15 |
| 3051 | |
| 3052 | *** `#OINTEGER' or `#oINTEGER' reads INTEGER in octal (radix 8). |
| 3053 | |
| 3054 | #o666 |
| 3055 | => 438 |
| 3056 | |
| 3057 | *** `#XINTEGER' or `#xINTEGER' reads INTEGER in hexadecimal (radix 16). |
| 3058 | |
| 3059 | #xbeef |
| 3060 | => 48815 |
| 3061 | |
| 3062 | *** `#RADIXrINTEGER' reads INTEGER in radix RADIX, 2 <= RADIX <= 36. |
| 3063 | |
| 3064 | #2R-111 |
| 3065 | => -7 |
| 3066 | #25rah |
| 3067 | => 267 |
| 3068 | |
| 3069 | ** The function `documentation-property' now evaluates the value of |
| 3070 | the given property to obtain a string if it doesn't refer to etc/DOC |
| 3071 | and isn't a string. |
| 3072 | |
| 3073 | ** If called for a symbol, the function `documentation' now looks for |
| 3074 | a `function-documentation' property of that symbol. If it has a non-nil |
| 3075 | value, the documentation is taken from that value. If the value is |
| 3076 | not a string, it is evaluated to obtain a string. |
| 3077 | |
| 3078 | ** The last argument of `define-key-after' defaults to t for convenience. |
| 3079 | |
| 3080 | ** The new function `replace-regexp-in-string' replaces all matches |
| 3081 | for a regexp in a string. |
| 3082 | |
| 3083 | ** `mouse-position' now runs the abnormal hook |
| 3084 | `mouse-position-function'. |
| 3085 | |
| 3086 | ** The function string-to-number now returns a float for numbers |
| 3087 | that don't fit into a Lisp integer. |
| 3088 | |
| 3089 | ** The variable keyword-symbols-constants-flag has been removed. |
| 3090 | Keywords are now always considered constants. |
| 3091 | |
| 3092 | ** The new function `delete-and-extract-region' deletes text and |
| 3093 | returns it. |
| 3094 | |
| 3095 | ** The function `clear-this-command-keys' now also clears the vector |
| 3096 | returned by function `recent-keys'. |
| 3097 | |
| 3098 | ** Variables `beginning-of-defun-function' and `end-of-defun-function' |
| 3099 | can be used to define handlers for the functions that find defuns. |
| 3100 | Major modes can define these locally instead of rebinding C-M-a |
| 3101 | etc. if the normal conventions for defuns are not appropriate for the |
| 3102 | mode. |
| 3103 | |
| 3104 | ** easy-mmode-define-minor-mode now takes an additional BODY argument |
| 3105 | and is renamed `define-minor-mode'. |
| 3106 | |
| 3107 | ** If an abbrev has a hook function which is a symbol, and that symbol |
| 3108 | has a non-nil `no-self-insert' property, the return value of the hook |
| 3109 | function specifies whether an expansion has been done or not. If it |
| 3110 | returns nil, abbrev-expand also returns nil, meaning "no expansion has |
| 3111 | been performed." |
| 3112 | |
| 3113 | When abbrev expansion is done by typing a self-inserting character, |
| 3114 | and the abbrev has a hook with the `no-self-insert' property, and the |
| 3115 | hook function returns non-nil meaning expansion has been done, |
| 3116 | then the self-inserting character is not inserted. |
| 3117 | |
| 3118 | ** The function `intern-soft' now accepts a symbol as first argument. |
| 3119 | In this case, that exact symbol is looked up in the specified obarray, |
| 3120 | and the function's value is nil if it is not found. |
| 3121 | |
| 3122 | ** The new macro `with-syntax-table' can be used to evaluate forms |
| 3123 | with the syntax table of the current buffer temporarily set to a |
| 3124 | specified table. |
| 3125 | |
| 3126 | (with-syntax-table TABLE &rest BODY) |
| 3127 | |
| 3128 | Evaluate BODY with syntax table of current buffer set to a copy of |
| 3129 | TABLE. The current syntax table is saved, BODY is evaluated, and the |
| 3130 | saved table is restored, even in case of an abnormal exit. Value is |
| 3131 | what BODY returns. |
| 3132 | |
| 3133 | ** Regular expressions now support intervals \{n,m\} as well as |
| 3134 | Perl's shy-groups \(?:...\) and non-greedy *? +? and ?? operators. |
| 3135 | Also back-references like \2 are now considered as an error if the |
| 3136 | corresponding subgroup does not exist (or is not closed yet). |
| 3137 | Previously it would have been silently turned into `2' (ignoring the `\'). |
| 3138 | |
| 3139 | ** The optional argument BUFFER of function file-local-copy has been |
| 3140 | removed since it wasn't used by anything. |
| 3141 | |
| 3142 | ** The file name argument of function `file-locked-p' is now required |
| 3143 | instead of being optional. |
| 3144 | |
| 3145 | ** The new built-in error `text-read-only' is signaled when trying to |
| 3146 | modify read-only text. |
| 3147 | |
| 3148 | ** New functions and variables for locales. |
| 3149 | |
| 3150 | The new variable `locale-coding-system' specifies how to encode and |
| 3151 | decode strings passed to low-level message functions like strerror and |
| 3152 | time functions like strftime. The new variables |
| 3153 | `system-messages-locale' and `system-time-locale' give the system |
| 3154 | locales to be used when invoking these two types of functions. |
| 3155 | |
| 3156 | The new function `set-locale-environment' sets the language |
| 3157 | environment, preferred coding system, and locale coding system from |
| 3158 | the system locale as specified by the LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, and LANG |
| 3159 | environment variables. Normally, it is invoked during startup and need |
| 3160 | not be invoked thereafter. It uses the new variables |
| 3161 | `locale-language-names', `locale-charset-language-names', and |
| 3162 | `locale-preferred-coding-systems' to make its decisions. |
| 3163 | |
| 3164 | ** syntax tables now understand nested comments. |
| 3165 | To declare a comment syntax as allowing nesting, just add an `n' |
| 3166 | modifier to either of the characters of the comment end and the comment |
| 3167 | start sequences. |
| 3168 | |
| 3169 | ** The function `pixmap-spec-p' has been renamed `bitmap-spec-p' |
| 3170 | because `bitmap' is more in line with the usual X terminology. |
| 3171 | |
| 3172 | ** New function `propertize' |
| 3173 | |
| 3174 | The new function `propertize' can be used to conveniently construct |
| 3175 | strings with text properties. |
| 3176 | |
| 3177 | - Function: propertize STRING &rest PROPERTIES |
| 3178 | |
| 3179 | Value is a copy of STRING with text properties assigned as specified |
| 3180 | by PROPERTIES. PROPERTIES is a sequence of pairs PROPERTY VALUE, with |
| 3181 | PROPERTY being the name of a text property and VALUE being the |
| 3182 | specified value of that property. Example: |
| 3183 | |
| 3184 | (propertize "foo" 'face 'bold 'read-only t) |
| 3185 | |
| 3186 | ** push and pop macros. |
| 3187 | |
| 3188 | Simple versions of the push and pop macros of Common Lisp |
| 3189 | are now defined in Emacs Lisp. These macros allow only symbols |
| 3190 | as the place that holds the list to be changed. |
| 3191 | |
| 3192 | (push NEWELT LISTNAME) add NEWELT to the front of LISTNAME's value. |
| 3193 | (pop LISTNAME) return first elt of LISTNAME, and remove it |
| 3194 | (thus altering the value of LISTNAME). |
| 3195 | |
| 3196 | ** New dolist and dotimes macros. |
| 3197 | |
| 3198 | Simple versions of the dolist and dotimes macros of Common Lisp |
| 3199 | are now defined in Emacs Lisp. |
| 3200 | |
| 3201 | (dolist (VAR LIST [RESULT]) BODY...) |
| 3202 | Execute body once for each element of LIST, |
| 3203 | using the variable VAR to hold the current element. |
| 3204 | Then return the value of RESULT, or nil if RESULT is omitted. |
| 3205 | |
| 3206 | (dotimes (VAR COUNT [RESULT]) BODY...) |
| 3207 | Execute BODY with VAR bound to successive integers running from 0, |
| 3208 | inclusive, to COUNT, exclusive. |
| 3209 | Then return the value of RESULT, or nil if RESULT is omitted. |
| 3210 | |
| 3211 | ** Regular expressions now support Posix character classes such as |
| 3212 | [:alpha:], [:space:] and so on. These must be used within a character |
| 3213 | class--for instance, [-[:digit:].+] matches digits or a period |
| 3214 | or a sign. |
| 3215 | |
| 3216 | [:digit:] matches 0 through 9 |
| 3217 | [:cntrl:] matches ASCII control characters |
| 3218 | [:xdigit:] matches 0 through 9, a through f and A through F. |
| 3219 | [:blank:] matches space and tab only |
| 3220 | [:graph:] matches graphic characters--everything except ASCII control chars, |
| 3221 | space, and DEL. |
| 3222 | [:print:] matches printing characters--everything except ASCII control chars |
| 3223 | and DEL. |
| 3224 | [:alnum:] matches letters and digits. |
| 3225 | (But at present, for multibyte characters, |
| 3226 | it matches anything that has word syntax.) |
| 3227 | [:alpha:] matches letters. |
| 3228 | (But at present, for multibyte characters, |
| 3229 | it matches anything that has word syntax.) |
| 3230 | [:ascii:] matches ASCII (unibyte) characters. |
| 3231 | [:nonascii:] matches non-ASCII (multibyte) characters. |
| 3232 | [:lower:] matches anything lower-case. |
| 3233 | [:punct:] matches punctuation. |
| 3234 | (But at present, for multibyte characters, |
| 3235 | it matches anything that has non-word syntax.) |
| 3236 | [:space:] matches anything that has whitespace syntax. |
| 3237 | [:upper:] matches anything upper-case. |
| 3238 | [:word:] matches anything that has word syntax. |
| 3239 | |
| 3240 | ** Emacs now has built-in hash tables. |
| 3241 | |
| 3242 | The following functions are defined for hash tables: |
| 3243 | |
| 3244 | - Function: make-hash-table ARGS |
| 3245 | |
| 3246 | The argument list ARGS consists of keyword/argument pairs. All arguments |
| 3247 | are optional. The following arguments are defined: |
| 3248 | |
| 3249 | :test TEST |
| 3250 | |
| 3251 | TEST must be a symbol specifying how to compare keys. Default is `eql'. |
| 3252 | Predefined are `eq', `eql' and `equal'. If TEST is not predefined, |
| 3253 | it must have been defined with `define-hash-table-test'. |
| 3254 | |
| 3255 | :size SIZE |
| 3256 | |
| 3257 | SIZE must be an integer > 0 giving a hint to the implementation how |
| 3258 | many elements will be put in the hash table. Default size is 65. |
| 3259 | |
| 3260 | :rehash-size REHASH-SIZE |
| 3261 | |
| 3262 | REHASH-SIZE specifies by how much to grow a hash table once it becomes |
| 3263 | full. If REHASH-SIZE is an integer, add that to the hash table's old |
| 3264 | size to get the new size. Otherwise, REHASH-SIZE must be a float > |
| 3265 | 1.0, and the new size is computed by multiplying REHASH-SIZE with the |
| 3266 | old size. Default rehash size is 1.5. |
| 3267 | |
| 3268 | :rehash-threshold THRESHOLD |
| 3269 | |
| 3270 | THRESHOLD must be a float > 0 and <= 1.0 specifying when to resize the |
| 3271 | hash table. It is resized when the ratio of (number of entries) / |
| 3272 | (size of hash table) is >= THRESHOLD. Default threshold is 0.8. |
| 3273 | |
| 3274 | :weakness WEAK |
| 3275 | |
| 3276 | WEAK must be either nil, one of the symbols `key, `value', |
| 3277 | `key-or-value', `key-and-value', or t, meaning the same as |
| 3278 | `key-and-value'. Entries are removed from weak tables during garbage |
| 3279 | collection if their key and/or value are not referenced elsewhere |
| 3280 | outside of the hash table. Default are non-weak hash tables. |
| 3281 | |
| 3282 | - Function: makehash &optional TEST |
| 3283 | |
| 3284 | Similar to make-hash-table, but only TEST can be specified. |
| 3285 | |
| 3286 | - Function: hash-table-p TABLE |
| 3287 | |
| 3288 | Returns non-nil if TABLE is a hash table object. |
| 3289 | |
| 3290 | - Function: copy-hash-table TABLE |
| 3291 | |
| 3292 | Returns a copy of TABLE. Only the table itself is copied, keys and |
| 3293 | values are shared. |
| 3294 | |
| 3295 | - Function: hash-table-count TABLE |
| 3296 | |
| 3297 | Returns the number of entries in TABLE. |
| 3298 | |
| 3299 | - Function: hash-table-rehash-size TABLE |
| 3300 | |
| 3301 | Returns the rehash size of TABLE. |
| 3302 | |
| 3303 | - Function: hash-table-rehash-threshold TABLE |
| 3304 | |
| 3305 | Returns the rehash threshold of TABLE. |
| 3306 | |
| 3307 | - Function: hash-table-rehash-size TABLE |
| 3308 | |
| 3309 | Returns the size of TABLE. |
| 3310 | |
| 3311 | - Function: hash-table-test TABLE |
| 3312 | |
| 3313 | Returns the test TABLE uses to compare keys. |
| 3314 | |
| 3315 | - Function: hash-table-weakness TABLE |
| 3316 | |
| 3317 | Returns the weakness specified for TABLE. |
| 3318 | |
| 3319 | - Function: clrhash TABLE |
| 3320 | |
| 3321 | Clear TABLE. |
| 3322 | |
| 3323 | - Function: gethash KEY TABLE &optional DEFAULT |
| 3324 | |
| 3325 | Look up KEY in TABLE and return its associated VALUE or DEFAULT if |
| 3326 | not found. |
| 3327 | |
| 3328 | - Function: puthash KEY VALUE TABLE |
| 3329 | |
| 3330 | Associate KEY with VALUE in TABLE. If KEY is already associated with |
| 3331 | another value, replace the old value with VALUE. |
| 3332 | |
| 3333 | - Function: remhash KEY TABLE |
| 3334 | |
| 3335 | Remove KEY from TABLE if it is there. |
| 3336 | |
| 3337 | - Function: maphash FUNCTION TABLE |
| 3338 | |
| 3339 | Call FUNCTION for all elements in TABLE. FUNCTION must take two |
| 3340 | arguments KEY and VALUE. |
| 3341 | |
| 3342 | - Function: sxhash OBJ |
| 3343 | |
| 3344 | Return a hash code for Lisp object OBJ. |
| 3345 | |
| 3346 | - Function: define-hash-table-test NAME TEST-FN HASH-FN |
| 3347 | |
| 3348 | Define a new hash table test named NAME. If NAME is specified as |
| 3349 | a test in `make-hash-table', the table created will use TEST-FN for |
| 3350 | comparing keys, and HASH-FN to compute hash codes for keys. Test |
| 3351 | and hash function are stored as symbol property `hash-table-test' |
| 3352 | of NAME with a value of (TEST-FN HASH-FN). |
| 3353 | |
| 3354 | TEST-FN must take two arguments and return non-nil if they are the same. |
| 3355 | |
| 3356 | HASH-FN must take one argument and return an integer that is the hash |
| 3357 | code of the argument. The function should use the whole range of |
| 3358 | integer values for hash code computation, including negative integers. |
| 3359 | |
| 3360 | Example: The following creates a hash table whose keys are supposed to |
| 3361 | be strings that are compared case-insensitively. |
| 3362 | |
| 3363 | (defun case-fold-string= (a b) |
| 3364 | (compare-strings a nil nil b nil nil t)) |
| 3365 | |
| 3366 | (defun case-fold-string-hash (a) |
| 3367 | (sxhash (upcase a))) |
| 3368 | |
| 3369 | (define-hash-table-test 'case-fold 'case-fold-string= |
| 3370 | 'case-fold-string-hash)) |
| 3371 | |
| 3372 | (make-hash-table :test 'case-fold) |
| 3373 | |
| 3374 | ** The Lisp reader handles circular structure. |
| 3375 | |
| 3376 | It now works to use the #N= and #N# constructs to represent |
| 3377 | circular structures. For example, #1=(a . #1#) represents |
| 3378 | a cons cell which is its own cdr. |
| 3379 | |
| 3380 | ** The Lisp printer handles circular structure. |
| 3381 | |
| 3382 | If you bind print-circle to a non-nil value, the Lisp printer outputs |
| 3383 | #N= and #N# constructs to represent circular and shared structure. |
| 3384 | |
| 3385 | ** If the second argument to `move-to-column' is anything but nil or |
| 3386 | t, that means replace a tab with spaces if necessary to reach the |
| 3387 | specified column, but do not add spaces at the end of the line if it |
| 3388 | is too short to reach that column. |
| 3389 | |
| 3390 | ** perform-replace has a new feature: the REPLACEMENTS argument may |
| 3391 | now be a cons cell (FUNCTION . DATA). This means to call FUNCTION |
| 3392 | after each match to get the replacement text. FUNCTION is called with |
| 3393 | two arguments: DATA, and the number of replacements already made. |
| 3394 | |
| 3395 | If the FROM-STRING contains any upper-case letters, |
| 3396 | perform-replace also turns off `case-fold-search' temporarily |
| 3397 | and inserts the replacement text without altering case in it. |
| 3398 | |
| 3399 | ** The function buffer-size now accepts an optional argument |
| 3400 | to specify which buffer to return the size of. |
| 3401 | |
| 3402 | ** The calendar motion commands now run the normal hook |
| 3403 | calendar-move-hook after moving point. |
| 3404 | |
| 3405 | ** The new variable small-temporary-file-directory specifies a |
| 3406 | directory to use for creating temporary files that are likely to be |
| 3407 | small. (Certain Emacs features use this directory.) If |
| 3408 | small-temporary-file-directory is nil, they use |
| 3409 | temporary-file-directory instead. |
| 3410 | |
| 3411 | ** The variable `inhibit-modification-hooks', if non-nil, inhibits all |
| 3412 | the hooks that track changes in the buffer. This affects |
| 3413 | `before-change-functions' and `after-change-functions', as well as |
| 3414 | hooks attached to text properties and overlay properties. |
| 3415 | |
| 3416 | ** assq-delete-all is a new function that deletes all the |
| 3417 | elements of an alist which have a car `eq' to a particular value. |
| 3418 | |
| 3419 | ** make-temp-file provides a more reliable way to create a temporary file. |
| 3420 | |
| 3421 | make-temp-file is used like make-temp-name, except that it actually |
| 3422 | creates the file before it returns. This prevents a timing error, |
| 3423 | ensuring that no other job can use the same name for a temporary file. |
| 3424 | |
| 3425 | ** New exclusive-open feature in `write-region' |
| 3426 | |
| 3427 | The optional seventh arg is now called MUSTBENEW. If non-nil, it insists |
| 3428 | on a check for an existing file with the same name. If MUSTBENEW |
| 3429 | is `excl', that means to get an error if the file already exists; |
| 3430 | never overwrite. If MUSTBENEW is neither nil nor `excl', that means |
| 3431 | ask for confirmation before overwriting, but do go ahead and |
| 3432 | overwrite the file if the user gives confirmation. |
| 3433 | |
| 3434 | If the MUSTBENEW argument in `write-region' is `excl', |
| 3435 | that means to use a special feature in the `open' system call |
| 3436 | to get an error if the file exists at that time. |
| 3437 | The error reported is `file-already-exists'. |
| 3438 | |
| 3439 | ** Function `format' now handles text properties. |
| 3440 | |
| 3441 | Text properties of the format string are applied to the result string. |
| 3442 | If the result string is longer than the format string, text properties |
| 3443 | ending at the end of the format string are extended to the end of the |
| 3444 | result string. |
| 3445 | |
| 3446 | Text properties from string arguments are applied to the result |
| 3447 | string where arguments appear in the result string. |
| 3448 | |
| 3449 | Example: |
| 3450 | |
| 3451 | (let ((s1 "hello, %s") |
| 3452 | (s2 "world")) |
| 3453 | (put-text-property 0 (length s1) 'face 'bold s1) |
| 3454 | (put-text-property 0 (length s2) 'face 'italic s2) |
| 3455 | (format s1 s2)) |
| 3456 | |
| 3457 | results in a bold-face string with an italic `world' at the end. |
| 3458 | |
| 3459 | ** Messages can now be displayed with text properties. |
| 3460 | |
| 3461 | Text properties are handled as described above for function `format'. |
| 3462 | The following example displays a bold-face message with an italic |
| 3463 | argument in it. |
| 3464 | |
| 3465 | (let ((msg "hello, %s!") |
| 3466 | (arg "world")) |
| 3467 | (put-text-property 0 (length msg) 'face 'bold msg) |
| 3468 | (put-text-property 0 (length arg) 'face 'italic arg) |
| 3469 | (message msg arg)) |
| 3470 | |
| 3471 | ** Sound support |
| 3472 | |
| 3473 | Emacs supports playing sound files on GNU/Linux and the free BSDs |
| 3474 | (Voxware driver and native BSD driver, aka as Luigi's driver). |
| 3475 | |
| 3476 | Currently supported file formats are RIFF-WAVE (*.wav) and Sun Audio |
| 3477 | (*.au). You must configure Emacs with the option `--with-sound=yes' |
| 3478 | to enable sound support. |
| 3479 | |
| 3480 | Sound files can be played by calling (play-sound SOUND). SOUND is a |
| 3481 | list of the form `(sound PROPERTY...)'. The function is only defined |
| 3482 | when sound support is present for the system on which Emacs runs. The |
| 3483 | functions runs `play-sound-functions' with one argument which is the |
| 3484 | sound to play, before playing the sound. |
| 3485 | |
| 3486 | The following sound properties are supported: |
| 3487 | |
| 3488 | - `:file FILE' |
| 3489 | |
| 3490 | FILE is a file name. If FILE isn't an absolute name, it will be |
| 3491 | searched relative to `data-directory'. |
| 3492 | |
| 3493 | - `:data DATA' |
| 3494 | |
| 3495 | DATA is a string containing sound data. Either :file or :data |
| 3496 | may be present, but not both. |
| 3497 | |
| 3498 | - `:volume VOLUME' |
| 3499 | |
| 3500 | VOLUME must be an integer in the range 0..100 or a float in the range |
| 3501 | 0..1. This property is optional. |
| 3502 | |
| 3503 | - `:device DEVICE' |
| 3504 | |
| 3505 | DEVICE is a string specifying the system device on which to play the |
| 3506 | sound. The default device is system-dependent. |
| 3507 | |
| 3508 | Other properties are ignored. |
| 3509 | |
| 3510 | An alternative interface is called as |
| 3511 | (play-sound-file FILE &optional VOLUME DEVICE). |
| 3512 | |
| 3513 | ** `multimedia' is a new Finder keyword and Custom group. |
| 3514 | |
| 3515 | ** keywordp is a new predicate to test efficiently for an object being |
| 3516 | a keyword symbol. |
| 3517 | |
| 3518 | ** Changes to garbage collection |
| 3519 | |
| 3520 | *** The function garbage-collect now additionally returns the number |
| 3521 | of live and free strings. |
| 3522 | |
| 3523 | *** There is a new variable `strings-consed' holding the number of |
| 3524 | strings that have been consed so far. |
| 3525 | |
| 3526 | \f |
| 3527 | * Lisp-level Display features added after release 2.6 of the Emacs |
| 3528 | Lisp Manual |
| 3529 | |
| 3530 | ** The user-option `resize-mini-windows' controls how Emacs resizes |
| 3531 | mini-windows. |
| 3532 | |
| 3533 | ** The function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now has a third optional |
| 3534 | argument, PARTIALLY. If a character is only partially visible, nil is |
| 3535 | returned, unless PARTIALLY is non-nil. |
| 3536 | |
| 3537 | ** On window systems, `glyph-table' is no longer used. |
| 3538 | |
| 3539 | ** Help strings in menu items are now used to provide `help-echo' text. |
| 3540 | |
| 3541 | ** The function `image-size' can be used to determine the size of an |
| 3542 | image. |
| 3543 | |
| 3544 | - Function: image-size SPEC &optional PIXELS FRAME |
| 3545 | |
| 3546 | Return the size of an image as a pair (WIDTH . HEIGHT). |
| 3547 | |
| 3548 | SPEC is an image specification. PIXELS non-nil means return sizes |
| 3549 | measured in pixels, otherwise return sizes measured in canonical |
| 3550 | character units (fractions of the width/height of the frame's default |
| 3551 | font). FRAME is the frame on which the image will be displayed. |
| 3552 | FRAME nil or omitted means use the selected frame. |
| 3553 | |
| 3554 | ** The function `image-mask-p' can be used to determine if an image |
| 3555 | has a mask bitmap. |
| 3556 | |
| 3557 | - Function: image-mask-p SPEC &optional FRAME |
| 3558 | |
| 3559 | Return t if image SPEC has a mask bitmap. |
| 3560 | FRAME is the frame on which the image will be displayed. FRAME nil |
| 3561 | or omitted means use the selected frame. |
| 3562 | |
| 3563 | ** The function `find-image' can be used to find a usable image |
| 3564 | satisfying one of a list of specifications. |
| 3565 | |
| 3566 | ** The STRING argument of `put-image' and `insert-image' is now |
| 3567 | optional. |
| 3568 | |
| 3569 | ** Image specifications may contain the property `:ascent center' (see |
| 3570 | below). |
| 3571 | |
| 3572 | \f |
| 3573 | * New Lisp-level Display features in Emacs 21.1 |
| 3574 | |
| 3575 | ** The function tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors can be used |
| 3576 | to make Emacs avoid displaying text with bold black foreground on TTYs. |
| 3577 | |
| 3578 | Some terminals, notably PC consoles, emulate bold text by displaying |
| 3579 | text in brighter colors. On such a console, a bold black foreground |
| 3580 | is displayed in a gray color. If this turns out to be hard to read on |
| 3581 | your monitor---the problem occurred with the mode line on |
| 3582 | laptops---you can instruct Emacs to ignore the text's boldness, and to |
| 3583 | just display it black instead. |
| 3584 | |
| 3585 | This situation can't be detected automatically. You will have to put |
| 3586 | a line like |
| 3587 | |
| 3588 | (tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors t) |
| 3589 | |
| 3590 | in your `.emacs'. |
| 3591 | |
| 3592 | ** New face implementation. |
| 3593 | |
| 3594 | Emacs faces have been reimplemented from scratch. They don't use XLFD |
| 3595 | font names anymore and face merging now works as expected. |
| 3596 | |
| 3597 | *** New faces. |
| 3598 | |
| 3599 | Each face can specify the following display attributes: |
| 3600 | |
| 3601 | 1. Font family or fontset alias name. |
| 3602 | |
| 3603 | 2. Relative proportionate width, aka character set width or set |
| 3604 | width (swidth), e.g. `semi-compressed'. |
| 3605 | |
| 3606 | 3. Font height in 1/10pt |
| 3607 | |
| 3608 | 4. Font weight, e.g. `bold'. |
| 3609 | |
| 3610 | 5. Font slant, e.g. `italic'. |
| 3611 | |
| 3612 | 6. Foreground color. |
| 3613 | |
| 3614 | 7. Background color. |
| 3615 | |
| 3616 | 8. Whether or not characters should be underlined, and in what color. |
| 3617 | |
| 3618 | 9. Whether or not characters should be displayed in inverse video. |
| 3619 | |
| 3620 | 10. A background stipple, a bitmap. |
| 3621 | |
| 3622 | 11. Whether or not characters should be overlined, and in what color. |
| 3623 | |
| 3624 | 12. Whether or not characters should be strike-through, and in what |
| 3625 | color. |
| 3626 | |
| 3627 | 13. Whether or not a box should be drawn around characters, its |
| 3628 | color, the width of the box lines, and 3D appearance. |
| 3629 | |
| 3630 | Faces are frame-local by nature because Emacs allows to define the |
| 3631 | same named face (face names are symbols) differently for different |
| 3632 | frames. Each frame has an alist of face definitions for all named |
| 3633 | faces. The value of a named face in such an alist is a Lisp vector |
| 3634 | with the symbol `face' in slot 0, and a slot for each of the face |
| 3635 | attributes mentioned above. |
| 3636 | |
| 3637 | There is also a global face alist `face-new-frame-defaults'. Face |
| 3638 | definitions from this list are used to initialize faces of newly |
| 3639 | created frames. |
| 3640 | |
| 3641 | A face doesn't have to specify all attributes. Those not specified |
| 3642 | have a nil value. Faces specifying all attributes are called |
| 3643 | `fully-specified'. |
| 3644 | |
| 3645 | *** Face merging. |
| 3646 | |
| 3647 | The display style of a given character in the text is determined by |
| 3648 | combining several faces. This process is called `face merging'. Any |
| 3649 | aspect of the display style that isn't specified by overlays or text |
| 3650 | properties is taken from the `default' face. Since it is made sure |
| 3651 | that the default face is always fully-specified, face merging always |
| 3652 | results in a fully-specified face. |
| 3653 | |
| 3654 | *** Face realization. |
| 3655 | |
| 3656 | After all face attributes for a character have been determined by |
| 3657 | merging faces of that character, that face is `realized'. The |
| 3658 | realization process maps face attributes to what is physically |
| 3659 | available on the system where Emacs runs. The result is a `realized |
| 3660 | face' in form of an internal structure which is stored in the face |
| 3661 | cache of the frame on which it was realized. |
| 3662 | |
| 3663 | Face realization is done in the context of the charset of the |
| 3664 | character to display because different fonts and encodings are used |
| 3665 | for different charsets. In other words, for characters of different |
| 3666 | charsets, different realized faces are needed to display them. |
| 3667 | |
| 3668 | Except for composite characters, faces are always realized for a |
| 3669 | specific character set and contain a specific font, even if the face |
| 3670 | being realized specifies a fontset. The reason is that the result of |
| 3671 | the new font selection stage is better than what can be done with |
| 3672 | statically defined font name patterns in fontsets. |
| 3673 | |
| 3674 | In unibyte text, Emacs' charsets aren't applicable; function |
| 3675 | `char-charset' reports ASCII for all characters, including those > |
| 3676 | 0x7f. The X registry and encoding of fonts to use is determined from |
| 3677 | the variable `face-default-registry' in this case. The variable is |
| 3678 | initialized at Emacs startup time from the font the user specified for |
| 3679 | Emacs. |
| 3680 | |
| 3681 | Currently all unibyte text, i.e. all buffers with |
| 3682 | `enable-multibyte-characters' nil are displayed with fonts of the same |
| 3683 | registry and encoding `face-default-registry'. This is consistent |
| 3684 | with the fact that languages can also be set globally, only. |
| 3685 | |
| 3686 | **** Clearing face caches. |
| 3687 | |
| 3688 | The Lisp function `clear-face-cache' can be called to clear face caches |
| 3689 | on all frames. If called with a non-nil argument, it will also unload |
| 3690 | unused fonts. |
| 3691 | |
| 3692 | *** Font selection. |
| 3693 | |
| 3694 | Font selection tries to find the best available matching font for a |
| 3695 | given (charset, face) combination. This is done slightly differently |
| 3696 | for faces specifying a fontset, or a font family name. |
| 3697 | |
| 3698 | If the face specifies a fontset name, that fontset determines a |
| 3699 | pattern for fonts of the given charset. If the face specifies a font |
| 3700 | family, a font pattern is constructed. Charset symbols have a |
| 3701 | property `x-charset-registry' for that purpose that maps a charset to |
| 3702 | an XLFD registry and encoding in the font pattern constructed. |
| 3703 | |
| 3704 | Available fonts on the system on which Emacs runs are then matched |
| 3705 | against the font pattern. The result of font selection is the best |
| 3706 | match for the given face attributes in this font list. |
| 3707 | |
| 3708 | Font selection can be influenced by the user. |
| 3709 | |
| 3710 | The user can specify the relative importance he gives the face |
| 3711 | attributes width, height, weight, and slant by setting |
| 3712 | face-font-selection-order (faces.el) to a list of face attribute |
| 3713 | names. The default is (:width :height :weight :slant), and means |
| 3714 | that font selection first tries to find a good match for the font |
| 3715 | width specified by a face, then---within fonts with that width---tries |
| 3716 | to find a best match for the specified font height, etc. |
| 3717 | |
| 3718 | Setting `face-font-family-alternatives' allows the user to specify |
| 3719 | alternative font families to try if a family specified by a face |
| 3720 | doesn't exist. |
| 3721 | |
| 3722 | Setting `face-font-registry-alternatives' allows the user to specify |
| 3723 | all alternative font registry names to try for a face specifying a |
| 3724 | registry. |
| 3725 | |
| 3726 | Please note that the interpretations of the above two variables are |
| 3727 | slightly different. |
| 3728 | |
| 3729 | Setting face-ignored-fonts allows the user to ignore specific fonts. |
| 3730 | |
| 3731 | |
| 3732 | **** Scalable fonts |
| 3733 | |
| 3734 | Emacs can make use of scalable fonts but doesn't do so by default, |
| 3735 | since the use of too many or too big scalable fonts may crash XFree86 |
| 3736 | servers. |
| 3737 | |
| 3738 | To enable scalable font use, set the variable |
| 3739 | `scalable-fonts-allowed'. A value of nil, the default, means never use |
| 3740 | scalable fonts. A value of t means any scalable font may be used. |
| 3741 | Otherwise, the value must be a list of regular expressions. A |
| 3742 | scalable font may then be used if it matches a regular expression from |
| 3743 | that list. Example: |
| 3744 | |
| 3745 | (setq scalable-fonts-allowed '("muleindian-2$")) |
| 3746 | |
| 3747 | allows the use of scalable fonts with registry `muleindian-2'. |
| 3748 | |
| 3749 | *** Functions and variables related to font selection. |
| 3750 | |
| 3751 | - Function: x-family-fonts &optional FAMILY FRAME |
| 3752 | |
| 3753 | Return a list of available fonts of family FAMILY on FRAME. If FAMILY |
| 3754 | is omitted or nil, list all families. Otherwise, FAMILY must be a |
| 3755 | string, possibly containing wildcards `?' and `*'. |
| 3756 | |
| 3757 | If FRAME is omitted or nil, use the selected frame. Each element of |
| 3758 | the result is a vector [FAMILY WIDTH POINT-SIZE WEIGHT SLANT FIXED-P |
| 3759 | FULL REGISTRY-AND-ENCODING]. FAMILY is the font family name. |
| 3760 | POINT-SIZE is the size of the font in 1/10 pt. WIDTH, WEIGHT, and |
| 3761 | SLANT are symbols describing the width, weight and slant of the font. |
| 3762 | These symbols are the same as for face attributes. FIXED-P is non-nil |
| 3763 | if the font is fixed-pitch. FULL is the full name of the font, and |
| 3764 | REGISTRY-AND-ENCODING is a string giving the registry and encoding of |
| 3765 | the font. The result list is sorted according to the current setting |
| 3766 | of the face font sort order. |
| 3767 | |
| 3768 | - Function: x-font-family-list |
| 3769 | |
| 3770 | Return a list of available font families on FRAME. If FRAME is |
| 3771 | omitted or nil, use the selected frame. Value is a list of conses |
| 3772 | (FAMILY . FIXED-P) where FAMILY is a font family, and FIXED-P is |
| 3773 | non-nil if fonts of that family are fixed-pitch. |
| 3774 | |
| 3775 | - Variable: font-list-limit |
| 3776 | |
| 3777 | Limit for font matching. If an integer > 0, font matching functions |
| 3778 | won't load more than that number of fonts when searching for a |
| 3779 | matching font. The default is currently 100. |
| 3780 | |
| 3781 | *** Setting face attributes. |
| 3782 | |
| 3783 | For the most part, the new face implementation is interface-compatible |
| 3784 | with the old one. Old face attribute related functions are now |
| 3785 | implemented in terms of the new functions `set-face-attribute' and |
| 3786 | `face-attribute'. |
| 3787 | |
| 3788 | Face attributes are identified by their names which are keyword |
| 3789 | symbols. All attributes can be set to `unspecified'. |
| 3790 | |
| 3791 | The following attributes are recognized: |
| 3792 | |
| 3793 | `:family' |
| 3794 | |
| 3795 | VALUE must be a string specifying the font family, e.g. ``courier'', |
| 3796 | or a fontset alias name. If a font family is specified, wild-cards `*' |
| 3797 | and `?' are allowed. |
| 3798 | |
| 3799 | `:width' |
| 3800 | |
| 3801 | VALUE specifies the relative proportionate width of the font to use. |
| 3802 | It must be one of the symbols `ultra-condensed', `extra-condensed', |
| 3803 | `condensed', `semi-condensed', `normal', `semi-expanded', `expanded', |
| 3804 | `extra-expanded', or `ultra-expanded'. |
| 3805 | |
| 3806 | `:height' |
| 3807 | |
| 3808 | VALUE must be either an integer specifying the height of the font to use |
| 3809 | in 1/10 pt, a floating point number specifying the amount by which to |
| 3810 | scale any underlying face, or a function, which is called with the old |
| 3811 | height (from the underlying face), and should return the new height. |
| 3812 | |
| 3813 | `:weight' |
| 3814 | |
| 3815 | VALUE specifies the weight of the font to use. It must be one of the |
| 3816 | symbols `ultra-bold', `extra-bold', `bold', `semi-bold', `normal', |
| 3817 | `semi-light', `light', `extra-light', `ultra-light'. |
| 3818 | |
| 3819 | `:slant' |
| 3820 | |
| 3821 | VALUE specifies the slant of the font to use. It must be one of the |
| 3822 | symbols `italic', `oblique', `normal', `reverse-italic', or |
| 3823 | `reverse-oblique'. |
| 3824 | |
| 3825 | `:foreground', `:background' |
| 3826 | |
| 3827 | VALUE must be a color name, a string. |
| 3828 | |
| 3829 | `:underline' |
| 3830 | |
| 3831 | VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be underlined. If |
| 3832 | VALUE is t, underline with foreground color of the face. If VALUE is |
| 3833 | a string, underline with that color. If VALUE is nil, explicitly |
| 3834 | don't underline. |
| 3835 | |
| 3836 | `:overline' |
| 3837 | |
| 3838 | VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be overlined. If |
| 3839 | VALUE is t, overline with foreground color of the face. If VALUE is a |
| 3840 | string, overline with that color. If VALUE is nil, explicitly don't |
| 3841 | overline. |
| 3842 | |
| 3843 | `:strike-through' |
| 3844 | |
| 3845 | VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be drawn with a line |
| 3846 | striking through them. If VALUE is t, use the foreground color of the |
| 3847 | face. If VALUE is a string, strike-through with that color. If VALUE |
| 3848 | is nil, explicitly don't strike through. |
| 3849 | |
| 3850 | `:box' |
| 3851 | |
| 3852 | VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should have a box drawn |
| 3853 | around them. If VALUE is nil, explicitly don't draw boxes. If |
| 3854 | VALUE is t, draw a box with lines of width 1 in the foreground color |
| 3855 | of the face. If VALUE is a string, the string must be a color name, |
| 3856 | and the box is drawn in that color with a line width of 1. Otherwise, |
| 3857 | VALUE must be a property list of the form `(:line-width WIDTH |
| 3858 | :color COLOR :style STYLE)'. If a keyword/value pair is missing from |
| 3859 | the property list, a default value will be used for the value, as |
| 3860 | specified below. WIDTH specifies the width of the lines to draw; it |
| 3861 | defaults to 1. COLOR is the name of the color to draw in, default is |
| 3862 | the foreground color of the face for simple boxes, and the background |
| 3863 | color of the face for 3D boxes. STYLE specifies whether a 3D box |
| 3864 | should be draw. If STYLE is `released-button', draw a box looking |
| 3865 | like a released 3D button. If STYLE is `pressed-button' draw a box |
| 3866 | that appears like a pressed button. If STYLE is nil, the default if |
| 3867 | the property list doesn't contain a style specification, draw a 2D |
| 3868 | box. |
| 3869 | |
| 3870 | `:inverse-video' |
| 3871 | |
| 3872 | VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be displayed in |
| 3873 | inverse video. VALUE must be one of t or nil. |
| 3874 | |
| 3875 | `:stipple' |
| 3876 | |
| 3877 | If VALUE is a string, it must be the name of a file of pixmap data. |
| 3878 | The directories listed in the `x-bitmap-file-path' variable are |
| 3879 | searched. Alternatively, VALUE may be a list of the form (WIDTH |
| 3880 | HEIGHT DATA) where WIDTH and HEIGHT are the size in pixels, and DATA |
| 3881 | is a string containing the raw bits of the bitmap. VALUE nil means |
| 3882 | explicitly don't use a stipple pattern. |
| 3883 | |
| 3884 | For convenience, attributes `:family', `:width', `:height', `:weight', |
| 3885 | and `:slant' may also be set in one step from an X font name: |
| 3886 | |
| 3887 | `:font' |
| 3888 | |
| 3889 | Set font-related face attributes from VALUE. VALUE must be a valid |
| 3890 | XLFD font name. If it is a font name pattern, the first matching font |
| 3891 | is used--this is for compatibility with the behavior of previous |
| 3892 | versions of Emacs. |
| 3893 | |
| 3894 | For compatibility with Emacs 20, keywords `:bold' and `:italic' can |
| 3895 | be used to specify that a bold or italic font should be used. VALUE |
| 3896 | must be t or nil in that case. A value of `unspecified' is not allowed." |
| 3897 | |
| 3898 | Please see also the documentation of `set-face-attribute' and |
| 3899 | `defface'. |
| 3900 | |
| 3901 | `:inherit' |
| 3902 | |
| 3903 | VALUE is the name of a face from which to inherit attributes, or a list |
| 3904 | of face names. Attributes from inherited faces are merged into the face |
| 3905 | like an underlying face would be, with higher priority than underlying faces. |
| 3906 | |
| 3907 | *** Face attributes and X resources |
| 3908 | |
| 3909 | The following X resource names can be used to set face attributes |
| 3910 | from X resources: |
| 3911 | |
| 3912 | Face attribute X resource class |
| 3913 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 3914 | :family attributeFamily . Face.AttributeFamily |
| 3915 | :width attributeWidth Face.AttributeWidth |
| 3916 | :height attributeHeight Face.AttributeHeight |
| 3917 | :weight attributeWeight Face.AttributeWeight |
| 3918 | :slant attributeSlant Face.AttributeSlant |
| 3919 | foreground attributeForeground Face.AttributeForeground |
| 3920 | :background attributeBackground . Face.AttributeBackground |
| 3921 | :overline attributeOverline Face.AttributeOverline |
| 3922 | :strike-through attributeStrikeThrough Face.AttributeStrikeThrough |
| 3923 | :box attributeBox Face.AttributeBox |
| 3924 | :underline attributeUnderline Face.AttributeUnderline |
| 3925 | :inverse-video attributeInverse Face.AttributeInverse |
| 3926 | :stipple attributeStipple Face.AttributeStipple |
| 3927 | or attributeBackgroundPixmap |
| 3928 | Face.AttributeBackgroundPixmap |
| 3929 | :font attributeFont Face.AttributeFont |
| 3930 | :bold attributeBold Face.AttributeBold |
| 3931 | :italic attributeItalic . Face.AttributeItalic |
| 3932 | :font attributeFont Face.AttributeFont |
| 3933 | |
| 3934 | *** Text property `face'. |
| 3935 | |
| 3936 | The value of the `face' text property can now be a single face |
| 3937 | specification or a list of such specifications. Each face |
| 3938 | specification can be |
| 3939 | |
| 3940 | 1. A symbol or string naming a Lisp face. |
| 3941 | |
| 3942 | 2. A property list of the form (KEYWORD VALUE ...) where each |
| 3943 | KEYWORD is a face attribute name, and VALUE is an appropriate value |
| 3944 | for that attribute. Please see the doc string of `set-face-attribute' |
| 3945 | for face attribute names. |
| 3946 | |
| 3947 | 3. Conses of the form (FOREGROUND-COLOR . COLOR) or |
| 3948 | (BACKGROUND-COLOR . COLOR) where COLOR is a color name. This is |
| 3949 | for compatibility with previous Emacs versions. |
| 3950 | |
| 3951 | ** Support functions for colors on text-only terminals. |
| 3952 | |
| 3953 | The function `tty-color-define' can be used to define colors for use |
| 3954 | on TTY and MSDOS frames. It maps a color name to a color number on |
| 3955 | the terminal. Emacs defines a couple of common color mappings by |
| 3956 | default. You can get defined colors with a call to |
| 3957 | `defined-colors'. The function `tty-color-clear' can be |
| 3958 | used to clear the mapping table. |
| 3959 | |
| 3960 | ** Unified support for colors independent of frame type. |
| 3961 | |
| 3962 | The new functions `defined-colors', `color-defined-p', `color-values', |
| 3963 | and `display-color-p' work for any type of frame. On frames whose |
| 3964 | type is neither x nor w32, these functions transparently map X-style |
| 3965 | color specifications to the closest colors supported by the frame |
| 3966 | display. Lisp programs should use these new functions instead of the |
| 3967 | old `x-defined-colors', `x-color-defined-p', `x-color-values', and |
| 3968 | `x-display-color-p'. (The old function names are still available for |
| 3969 | compatibility; they are now aliases of the new names.) Lisp programs |
| 3970 | should no more look at the value of the variable window-system to |
| 3971 | modify their color-related behavior. |
| 3972 | |
| 3973 | The primitives `color-gray-p' and `color-supported-p' also work for |
| 3974 | any frame type. |
| 3975 | |
| 3976 | ** Platform-independent functions to describe display capabilities. |
| 3977 | |
| 3978 | The new functions `display-mouse-p', `display-popup-menus-p', |
| 3979 | `display-graphic-p', `display-selections-p', `display-screens', |
| 3980 | `display-pixel-width', `display-pixel-height', `display-mm-width', |
| 3981 | `display-mm-height', `display-backing-store', `display-save-under', |
| 3982 | `display-planes', `display-color-cells', `display-visual-class', and |
| 3983 | `display-grayscale-p' describe the basic capabilities of a particular |
| 3984 | display. Lisp programs should call these functions instead of testing |
| 3985 | the value of the variables `window-system' or `system-type', or calling |
| 3986 | platform-specific functions such as `x-display-pixel-width'. |
| 3987 | |
| 3988 | The new function `display-images-p' returns non-nil if a particular |
| 3989 | display can display image files. |
| 3990 | |
| 3991 | ** The minibuffer prompt is now actually inserted in the minibuffer. |
| 3992 | |
| 3993 | This makes it possible to scroll through the prompt, if you want to. |
| 3994 | To disallow this completely (like previous versions of emacs), customize |
| 3995 | the variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', and turn on the |
| 3996 | `Inviolable' option. |
| 3997 | |
| 3998 | The function `minibuffer-prompt-end' returns the current position of the |
| 3999 | end of the minibuffer prompt, if the minibuffer is current. |
| 4000 | Otherwise, it returns `(point-min)'. |
| 4001 | |
| 4002 | ** New `field' abstraction in buffers. |
| 4003 | |
| 4004 | There is now code to support an abstraction called `fields' in emacs |
| 4005 | buffers. A field is a contiguous region of text with the same `field' |
| 4006 | property (which can be a text property or an overlay). |
| 4007 | |
| 4008 | Many emacs functions, such as forward-word, forward-sentence, |
| 4009 | forward-paragraph, beginning-of-line, etc., stop moving when they come |
| 4010 | to the boundary between fields; beginning-of-line and end-of-line will |
| 4011 | not let the point move past the field boundary, but other movement |
| 4012 | commands continue into the next field if repeated. Stopping at field |
| 4013 | boundaries can be suppressed programmatically by binding |
| 4014 | `inhibit-field-text-motion' to a non-nil value around calls to these |
| 4015 | functions. |
| 4016 | |
| 4017 | Now that the minibuffer prompt is inserted into the minibuffer, it is in |
| 4018 | a separate field from the user-input part of the buffer, so that common |
| 4019 | editing commands treat the user's text separately from the prompt. |
| 4020 | |
| 4021 | The following functions are defined for operating on fields: |
| 4022 | |
| 4023 | - Function: constrain-to-field NEW-POS OLD-POS &optional ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE ONLY-IN-LINE INHIBIT-CAPTURE-PROPERTY |
| 4024 | |
| 4025 | Return the position closest to NEW-POS that is in the same field as OLD-POS. |
| 4026 | |
| 4027 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
| 4028 | If NEW-POS is nil, then the current point is used instead, and set to the |
| 4029 | constrained position if that is different. |
| 4030 | |
| 4031 | If OLD-POS is at the boundary of two fields, then the allowable |
| 4032 | positions for NEW-POS depends on the value of the optional argument |
| 4033 | ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE: If ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE is nil, then NEW-POS is |
| 4034 | constrained to the field that has the same `field' char-property |
| 4035 | as any new characters inserted at OLD-POS, whereas if ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE |
| 4036 | is non-nil, NEW-POS is constrained to the union of the two adjacent |
| 4037 | fields. Additionally, if two fields are separated by another field with |
| 4038 | the special value `boundary', then any point within this special field is |
| 4039 | also considered to be `on the boundary'. |
| 4040 | |
| 4041 | If the optional argument ONLY-IN-LINE is non-nil and constraining |
| 4042 | NEW-POS would move it to a different line, NEW-POS is returned |
| 4043 | unconstrained. This useful for commands that move by line, like |
| 4044 | C-n or C-a, which should generally respect field boundaries |
| 4045 | only in the case where they can still move to the right line. |
| 4046 | |
| 4047 | If the optional argument INHIBIT-CAPTURE-PROPERTY is non-nil, and OLD-POS has |
| 4048 | a non-nil property of that name, then any field boundaries are ignored. |
| 4049 | |
| 4050 | Field boundaries are not noticed if `inhibit-field-text-motion' is non-nil. |
| 4051 | |
| 4052 | - Function: delete-field &optional POS |
| 4053 | |
| 4054 | Delete the field surrounding POS. |
| 4055 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
| 4056 | If POS is nil, the value of point is used for POS. |
| 4057 | |
| 4058 | - Function: field-beginning &optional POS ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE |
| 4059 | |
| 4060 | Return the beginning of the field surrounding POS. |
| 4061 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
| 4062 | If POS is nil, the value of point is used for POS. |
| 4063 | If ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE is non-nil and POS is at the beginning of its |
| 4064 | field, then the beginning of the *previous* field is returned. |
| 4065 | |
| 4066 | - Function: field-end &optional POS ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE |
| 4067 | |
| 4068 | Return the end of the field surrounding POS. |
| 4069 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
| 4070 | If POS is nil, the value of point is used for POS. |
| 4071 | If ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE is non-nil and POS is at the end of its field, |
| 4072 | then the end of the *following* field is returned. |
| 4073 | |
| 4074 | - Function: field-string &optional POS |
| 4075 | |
| 4076 | Return the contents of the field surrounding POS as a string. |
| 4077 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
| 4078 | If POS is nil, the value of point is used for POS. |
| 4079 | |
| 4080 | - Function: field-string-no-properties &optional POS |
| 4081 | |
| 4082 | Return the contents of the field around POS, without text-properties. |
| 4083 | A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
| 4084 | If POS is nil, the value of point is used for POS. |
| 4085 | |
| 4086 | ** Image support. |
| 4087 | |
| 4088 | Emacs can now display images. Images are inserted into text by giving |
| 4089 | strings or buffer text a `display' text property containing one of |
| 4090 | (AREA IMAGE) or IMAGE. The display of the `display' property value |
| 4091 | replaces the display of the characters having that property. |
| 4092 | |
| 4093 | If the property value has the form (AREA IMAGE), AREA must be one of |
| 4094 | `(margin left-margin)', `(margin right-margin)' or `(margin nil)'. If |
| 4095 | AREA is `(margin nil)', IMAGE will be displayed in the text area of a |
| 4096 | window, otherwise it will be displayed in the left or right marginal |
| 4097 | area. |
| 4098 | |
| 4099 | IMAGE is an image specification. |
| 4100 | |
| 4101 | *** Image specifications |
| 4102 | |
| 4103 | Image specifications are lists of the form `(image PROPS)' where PROPS |
| 4104 | is a property list whose keys are keyword symbols. Each |
| 4105 | specifications must contain a property `:type TYPE' with TYPE being a |
| 4106 | symbol specifying the image type, e.g. `xbm'. Properties not |
| 4107 | described below are ignored. |
| 4108 | |
| 4109 | The following is a list of properties all image types share. |
| 4110 | |
| 4111 | `:ascent ASCENT' |
| 4112 | |
| 4113 | ASCENT must be a number in the range 0..100, or the symbol `center'. |
| 4114 | If it is a number, it specifies the percentage of the image's height |
| 4115 | to use for its ascent. |
| 4116 | |
| 4117 | If not specified, ASCENT defaults to the value 50 which means that the |
| 4118 | image will be centered with the base line of the row it appears in. |
| 4119 | |
| 4120 | If ASCENT is `center' the image is vertically centered around a |
| 4121 | centerline which is the vertical center of text drawn at the position |
| 4122 | of the image, in the manner specified by the text properties and |
| 4123 | overlays that apply to the image. |
| 4124 | |
| 4125 | `:margin MARGIN' |
| 4126 | |
| 4127 | MARGIN must be either a number >= 0 specifying how many pixels to put |
| 4128 | as margin around the image, or a pair (X . Y) with X specifying the |
| 4129 | horizontal margin and Y specifying the vertical margin. Default is 0. |
| 4130 | |
| 4131 | `:relief RELIEF' |
| 4132 | |
| 4133 | RELIEF is analogous to the `:relief' attribute of faces. Puts a relief |
| 4134 | around an image. |
| 4135 | |
| 4136 | `:conversion ALGO' |
| 4137 | |
| 4138 | Apply an image algorithm to the image before displaying it. |
| 4139 | |
| 4140 | ALGO `laplace' or `emboss' means apply a Laplace or ``emboss'' |
| 4141 | edge-detection algorithm to the image. |
| 4142 | |
| 4143 | ALGO `(edge-detection :matrix MATRIX :color-adjust ADJUST)' means |
| 4144 | apply a general edge-detection algorithm. MATRIX must be either a |
| 4145 | nine-element list or a nine-element vector of numbers. A pixel at |
| 4146 | position x/y in the transformed image is computed from original pixels |
| 4147 | around that position. MATRIX specifies, for each pixel in the |
| 4148 | neighborhood of x/y, a factor with which that pixel will influence the |
| 4149 | transformed pixel; element 0 specifies the factor for the pixel at |
| 4150 | x-1/y-1, element 1 the factor for the pixel at x/y-1 etc. as shown |
| 4151 | below. |
| 4152 | |
| 4153 | (x-1/y-1 x/y-1 x+1/y-1 |
| 4154 | x-1/y x/y x+1/y |
| 4155 | x-1/y+1 x/y+1 x+1/y+1) |
| 4156 | |
| 4157 | The resulting pixel is computed from the color intensity of the color |
| 4158 | resulting from summing up the RGB values of surrounding pixels, |
| 4159 | multiplied by the specified factors, and dividing that sum by the sum |
| 4160 | of the factors' absolute values. |
| 4161 | |
| 4162 | Laplace edge-detection currently uses a matrix of |
| 4163 | |
| 4164 | (1 0 0 |
| 4165 | 0 0 0 |
| 4166 | 9 9 -1) |
| 4167 | |
| 4168 | Emboss edge-detection uses a matrix of |
| 4169 | |
| 4170 | ( 2 -1 0 |
| 4171 | -1 0 1 |
| 4172 | 0 1 -2) |
| 4173 | |
| 4174 | ALGO `disabled' means transform the image so that it looks |
| 4175 | ``disabled''. |
| 4176 | |
| 4177 | `:mask MASK' |
| 4178 | |
| 4179 | If MASK is `heuristic' or `(heuristic BG)', build a clipping mask for |
| 4180 | the image, so that the background of a frame is visible behind the |
| 4181 | image. If BG is not specified, or if BG is t, determine the |
| 4182 | background color of the image by looking at the 4 corners of the |
| 4183 | image, assuming the most frequently occurring color from the corners is |
| 4184 | the background color of the image. Otherwise, BG must be a list `(RED |
| 4185 | GREEN BLUE)' specifying the color to assume for the background of the |
| 4186 | image. |
| 4187 | |
| 4188 | If MASK is nil, remove a mask from the image, if it has one. Images |
| 4189 | in some formats include a mask which can be removed by specifying |
| 4190 | `:mask nil'. |
| 4191 | |
| 4192 | `:file FILE' |
| 4193 | |
| 4194 | Load image from FILE. If FILE is not absolute after expanding it, |
| 4195 | search for the image in `data-directory'. Some image types support |
| 4196 | building images from data. When this is done, no `:file' property |
| 4197 | may be present in the image specification. |
| 4198 | |
| 4199 | `:data DATA' |
| 4200 | |
| 4201 | Get image data from DATA. (As of this writing, this is not yet |
| 4202 | supported for image type `postscript'). Either :file or :data may be |
| 4203 | present in an image specification, but not both. All image types |
| 4204 | support strings as DATA, some types allow additional types of DATA. |
| 4205 | |
| 4206 | *** Supported image types |
| 4207 | |
| 4208 | **** XBM, image type `xbm'. |
| 4209 | |
| 4210 | XBM images don't require an external library. Additional image |
| 4211 | properties supported are: |
| 4212 | |
| 4213 | `:foreground FG' |
| 4214 | |
| 4215 | FG must be a string specifying the image foreground color, or nil |
| 4216 | meaning to use the default. Default is the frame's foreground color. |
| 4217 | |
| 4218 | `:background BG' |
| 4219 | |
| 4220 | BG must be a string specifying the image background color, or nil |
| 4221 | meaning to use the default. Default is the frame's background color. |
| 4222 | |
| 4223 | XBM images can be constructed from data instead of file. In this |
| 4224 | case, the image specification must contain the following properties |
| 4225 | instead of a `:file' property. |
| 4226 | |
| 4227 | `:width WIDTH' |
| 4228 | |
| 4229 | WIDTH specifies the width of the image in pixels. |
| 4230 | |
| 4231 | `:height HEIGHT' |
| 4232 | |
| 4233 | HEIGHT specifies the height of the image in pixels. |
| 4234 | |
| 4235 | `:data DATA' |
| 4236 | |
| 4237 | DATA must be either |
| 4238 | |
| 4239 | 1. a string large enough to hold the bitmap data, i.e. it must |
| 4240 | have a size >= (WIDTH + 7) / 8 * HEIGHT |
| 4241 | |
| 4242 | 2. a bool-vector of size >= WIDTH * HEIGHT |
| 4243 | |
| 4244 | 3. a vector of strings or bool-vectors, one for each line of the |
| 4245 | bitmap. |
| 4246 | |
| 4247 | 4. a string that's an in-memory XBM file. Neither width nor |
| 4248 | height may be specified in this case because these are defined |
| 4249 | in the file. |
| 4250 | |
| 4251 | **** XPM, image type `xpm' |
| 4252 | |
| 4253 | XPM images require the external library `libXpm', package |
| 4254 | `xpm-3.4k.tar.gz', version 3.4k or later. Make sure the library is |
| 4255 | found when Emacs is configured by supplying appropriate paths via |
| 4256 | `--x-includes' and `--x-libraries'. |
| 4257 | |
| 4258 | Additional image properties supported are: |
| 4259 | |
| 4260 | `:color-symbols SYMBOLS' |
| 4261 | |
| 4262 | SYMBOLS must be a list of pairs (NAME . COLOR), with NAME being the |
| 4263 | name of color as it appears in an XPM file, and COLOR being an X color |
| 4264 | name. |
| 4265 | |
| 4266 | XPM images can be built from memory instead of files. In that case, |
| 4267 | add a `:data' property instead of a `:file' property. |
| 4268 | |
| 4269 | The XPM library uses libz in its implementation so that it is able |
| 4270 | to display compressed images. |
| 4271 | |
| 4272 | **** PBM, image type `pbm' |
| 4273 | |
| 4274 | PBM images don't require an external library. Color, gray-scale and |
| 4275 | mono images are supported. Additional image properties supported for |
| 4276 | mono images are: |
| 4277 | |
| 4278 | `:foreground FG' |
| 4279 | |
| 4280 | FG must be a string specifying the image foreground color, or nil |
| 4281 | meaning to use the default. Default is the frame's foreground color. |
| 4282 | |
| 4283 | `:background FG' |
| 4284 | |
| 4285 | BG must be a string specifying the image background color, or nil |
| 4286 | meaning to use the default. Default is the frame's background color. |
| 4287 | |
| 4288 | **** JPEG, image type `jpeg' |
| 4289 | |
| 4290 | Support for JPEG images requires the external library `libjpeg', |
| 4291 | package `jpegsrc.v6a.tar.gz', or later. There are no additional image |
| 4292 | properties defined. |
| 4293 | |
| 4294 | **** TIFF, image type `tiff' |
| 4295 | |
| 4296 | Support for TIFF images requires the external library `libtiff', |
| 4297 | package `tiff-v3.4-tar.gz', or later. There are no additional image |
| 4298 | properties defined. |
| 4299 | |
| 4300 | **** GIF, image type `gif' |
| 4301 | |
| 4302 | Support for GIF images requires the external library `libungif', package |
| 4303 | `libungif-4.1.0', or later. |
| 4304 | |
| 4305 | Additional image properties supported are: |
| 4306 | |
| 4307 | `:index INDEX' |
| 4308 | |
| 4309 | INDEX must be an integer >= 0. Load image number INDEX from a |
| 4310 | multi-image GIF file. If INDEX is too large, the image displays |
| 4311 | as a hollow box. |
| 4312 | |
| 4313 | This could be used to implement limited support for animated GIFs. |
| 4314 | For example, the following function displays a multi-image GIF file |
| 4315 | at point-min in the current buffer, switching between sub-images |
| 4316 | every 0.1 seconds. |
| 4317 | |
| 4318 | (defun show-anim (file max) |
| 4319 | "Display multi-image GIF file FILE which contains MAX subimages." |
| 4320 | (display-anim (current-buffer) file 0 max t)) |
| 4321 | |
| 4322 | (defun display-anim (buffer file idx max first-time) |
| 4323 | (when (= idx max) |
| 4324 | (setq idx 0)) |
| 4325 | (let ((img (create-image file nil nil :index idx))) |
| 4326 | (save-excursion |
| 4327 | (set-buffer buffer) |
| 4328 | (goto-char (point-min)) |
| 4329 | (unless first-time (delete-char 1)) |
| 4330 | (insert-image img "x")) |
| 4331 | (run-with-timer 0.1 nil 'display-anim buffer file (1+ idx) max nil))) |
| 4332 | |
| 4333 | **** PNG, image type `png' |
| 4334 | |
| 4335 | Support for PNG images requires the external library `libpng', |
| 4336 | package `libpng-1.0.2.tar.gz', or later. There are no additional image |
| 4337 | properties defined. |
| 4338 | |
| 4339 | **** Ghostscript, image type `postscript'. |
| 4340 | |
| 4341 | Additional image properties supported are: |
| 4342 | |
| 4343 | `:pt-width WIDTH' |
| 4344 | |
| 4345 | WIDTH is width of the image in pt (1/72 inch). WIDTH must be an |
| 4346 | integer. This is a required property. |
| 4347 | |
| 4348 | `:pt-height HEIGHT' |
| 4349 | |
| 4350 | HEIGHT specifies the height of the image in pt (1/72 inch). HEIGHT |
| 4351 | must be a integer. This is an required property. |
| 4352 | |
| 4353 | `:bounding-box BOX' |
| 4354 | |
| 4355 | BOX must be a list or vector of 4 integers giving the bounding box of |
| 4356 | the PS image, analogous to the `BoundingBox' comment found in PS |
| 4357 | files. This is an required property. |
| 4358 | |
| 4359 | Part of the Ghostscript interface is implemented in Lisp. See |
| 4360 | lisp/gs.el. |
| 4361 | |
| 4362 | *** Lisp interface. |
| 4363 | |
| 4364 | The variable `image-types' contains a list of those image types |
| 4365 | which are supported in the current configuration. |
| 4366 | |
| 4367 | Images are stored in an image cache and removed from the cache when |
| 4368 | they haven't been displayed for `image-cache-eviction-delay seconds. |
| 4369 | The function `clear-image-cache' can be used to clear the image cache |
| 4370 | manually. Images in the cache are compared with `equal', i.e. all |
| 4371 | images with `equal' specifications share the same image. |
| 4372 | |
| 4373 | *** Simplified image API, image.el |
| 4374 | |
| 4375 | The new Lisp package image.el contains functions that simplify image |
| 4376 | creation and putting images into text. The function `create-image' |
| 4377 | can be used to create images. The macro `defimage' can be used to |
| 4378 | define an image based on available image types. The functions |
| 4379 | `put-image' and `insert-image' can be used to insert an image into a |
| 4380 | buffer. |
| 4381 | |
| 4382 | ** Display margins. |
| 4383 | |
| 4384 | Windows can now have margins which are used for special text |
| 4385 | and images. |
| 4386 | |
| 4387 | To give a window margins, either set the buffer-local variables |
| 4388 | `left-margin-width' and `right-margin-width', or call |
| 4389 | `set-window-margins'. The function `window-margins' can be used to |
| 4390 | obtain the current settings. To make `left-margin-width' and |
| 4391 | `right-margin-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying |
| 4392 | the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update |
| 4393 | of the display margins. |
| 4394 | |
| 4395 | You can put text in margins by giving it a `display' text property |
| 4396 | containing a pair of the form `(LOCATION . VALUE)', where LOCATION is |
| 4397 | one of `left-margin' or `right-margin' or nil. VALUE can be either a |
| 4398 | string, an image specification or a stretch specification (see later |
| 4399 | in this file). |
| 4400 | |
| 4401 | ** Help display |
| 4402 | |
| 4403 | Emacs displays short help messages in the echo area, when the mouse |
| 4404 | moves over a tool-bar item or a piece of text that has a text property |
| 4405 | `help-echo'. This feature also applies to strings in the mode line |
| 4406 | that have a `help-echo' property. |
| 4407 | |
| 4408 | If the value of the `help-echo' property is a function, that function |
| 4409 | is called with three arguments WINDOW, OBJECT and POSITION. WINDOW is |
| 4410 | the window in which the help was found. |
| 4411 | |
| 4412 | If OBJECT is a buffer, POS is the position in the buffer where the |
| 4413 | `help-echo' text property was found. |
| 4414 | |
| 4415 | If OBJECT is an overlay, that overlay has a `help-echo' property, and |
| 4416 | POS is the position in the overlay's buffer under the mouse. |
| 4417 | |
| 4418 | If OBJECT is a string (an overlay string or a string displayed with |
| 4419 | the `display' property), POS is the position in that string under the |
| 4420 | mouse. |
| 4421 | |
| 4422 | If the value of the `help-echo' property is neither a function nor a |
| 4423 | string, it is evaluated to obtain a help string. |
| 4424 | |
| 4425 | For tool-bar and menu-bar items, their key definition is used to |
| 4426 | determine the help to display. If their definition contains a |
| 4427 | property `:help FORM', FORM is evaluated to determine the help string. |
| 4428 | For tool-bar items without a help form, the caption of the item is |
| 4429 | used as help string. |
| 4430 | |
| 4431 | The hook `show-help-function' can be set to a function that displays |
| 4432 | the help string differently. For example, enabling a tooltip window |
| 4433 | causes the help display to appear there instead of in the echo area. |
| 4434 | |
| 4435 | ** Vertical fractional scrolling. |
| 4436 | |
| 4437 | The display of text in windows can be scrolled smoothly in pixels. |
| 4438 | This is useful, for example, for making parts of large images visible. |
| 4439 | |
| 4440 | The function `window-vscroll' returns the current value of vertical |
| 4441 | scrolling, a non-negative fraction of the canonical character height. |
| 4442 | The function `set-window-vscroll' can be used to set the vertical |
| 4443 | scrolling value. Here is an example of how these function might be |
| 4444 | used. |
| 4445 | |
| 4446 | (global-set-key [A-down] |
| 4447 | #'(lambda () |
| 4448 | (interactive) |
| 4449 | (set-window-vscroll (selected-window) |
| 4450 | (+ 0.5 (window-vscroll))))) |
| 4451 | (global-set-key [A-up] |
| 4452 | #'(lambda () |
| 4453 | (interactive) |
| 4454 | (set-window-vscroll (selected-window) |
| 4455 | (- (window-vscroll) 0.5))))) |
| 4456 | |
| 4457 | ** New hook `fontification-functions'. |
| 4458 | |
| 4459 | Functions from `fontification-functions' are called from redisplay |
| 4460 | when it encounters a region of text that is not yet fontified. This |
| 4461 | variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set. Each function |
| 4462 | is called with one argument, POS. |
| 4463 | |
| 4464 | At least one of the hook functions should fontify one or more |
| 4465 | characters starting at POS in the current buffer. It should mark them |
| 4466 | as fontified by giving them a non-nil value of the `fontified' text |
| 4467 | property. It may be reasonable for these functions to check for the |
| 4468 | `fontified' property and not put it back on, but they do not have to. |
| 4469 | |
| 4470 | ** Tool bar support. |
| 4471 | |
| 4472 | Emacs supports a tool bar at the top of a frame under X. The frame |
| 4473 | parameter `tool-bar-lines' (X resource "toolBar", class "ToolBar") |
| 4474 | controls how may lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value |
| 4475 | suppresses the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and |
| 4476 | `auto-resize-tool-bars' is non-nil the tool bar's size will be changed |
| 4477 | automatically so that all tool bar items are visible. |
| 4478 | |
| 4479 | *** Tool bar item definitions |
| 4480 | |
| 4481 | Tool bar items are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key |
| 4482 | `tool-bar'. For example `(define-key global-map [tool-bar item1] ITEM)' |
| 4483 | where ITEM is a list `(menu-item CAPTION BINDING PROPS...)'. |
| 4484 | |
| 4485 | CAPTION is the caption of the item, If it's not a string, it is |
| 4486 | evaluated to get a string. The caption is currently not displayed in |
| 4487 | the tool bar, but it is displayed if the item doesn't have a `:help' |
| 4488 | property (see below). |
| 4489 | |
| 4490 | BINDING is the tool bar item's binding. Tool bar items with keymaps as |
| 4491 | binding are currently ignored. |
| 4492 | |
| 4493 | The following properties are recognized: |
| 4494 | |
| 4495 | `:enable FORM'. |
| 4496 | |
| 4497 | FORM is evaluated and specifies whether the tool bar item is enabled |
| 4498 | or disabled. |
| 4499 | |
| 4500 | `:visible FORM' |
| 4501 | |
| 4502 | FORM is evaluated and specifies whether the tool bar item is displayed. |
| 4503 | |
| 4504 | `:filter FUNCTION' |
| 4505 | |
| 4506 | FUNCTION is called with one parameter, the same list BINDING in which |
| 4507 | FUNCTION is specified as the filter. The value FUNCTION returns is |
| 4508 | used instead of BINDING to display this item. |
| 4509 | |
| 4510 | `:button (TYPE SELECTED)' |
| 4511 | |
| 4512 | TYPE must be one of `:radio' or `:toggle'. SELECTED is evaluated |
| 4513 | and specifies whether the button is selected (pressed) or not. |
| 4514 | |
| 4515 | `:image IMAGES' |
| 4516 | |
| 4517 | IMAGES is either a single image specification or a vector of four |
| 4518 | image specifications. If it is a vector, this table lists the |
| 4519 | meaning of each of the four elements: |
| 4520 | |
| 4521 | Index Use when item is |
| 4522 | ---------------------------------------- |
| 4523 | 0 enabled and selected |
| 4524 | 1 enabled and deselected |
| 4525 | 2 disabled and selected |
| 4526 | 3 disabled and deselected |
| 4527 | |
| 4528 | If IMAGE is a single image specification, a Laplace edge-detection |
| 4529 | algorithm is used on that image to draw the image in disabled state. |
| 4530 | |
| 4531 | `:help HELP-STRING'. |
| 4532 | |
| 4533 | Gives a help string to display for the tool bar item. This help |
| 4534 | is displayed when the mouse is moved over the item. |
| 4535 | |
| 4536 | The function `toolbar-add-item' is a convenience function for adding |
| 4537 | toolbar items generally, and `tool-bar-add-item-from-menu' can be used |
| 4538 | to define a toolbar item with a binding copied from an item on the |
| 4539 | menu bar. |
| 4540 | |
| 4541 | The default bindings use a menu-item :filter to derive the tool-bar |
| 4542 | dynamically from variable `tool-bar-map' which may be set |
| 4543 | buffer-locally to override the global map. |
| 4544 | |
| 4545 | *** Tool-bar-related variables. |
| 4546 | |
| 4547 | If `auto-resize-tool-bar' is non-nil, the tool bar will automatically |
| 4548 | resize to show all defined tool bar items. It will never grow larger |
| 4549 | than 1/4 of the frame's size. |
| 4550 | |
| 4551 | If `auto-raise-tool-bar-buttons' is non-nil, tool bar buttons will be |
| 4552 | raised when the mouse moves over them. |
| 4553 | |
| 4554 | You can add extra space between tool bar items by setting |
| 4555 | `tool-bar-button-margin' to a positive integer specifying a number of |
| 4556 | pixels, or a pair of integers (X . Y) specifying horizontal and |
| 4557 | vertical margins . Default is 1. |
| 4558 | |
| 4559 | You can change the shadow thickness of tool bar buttons by setting |
| 4560 | `tool-bar-button-relief' to an integer. Default is 3. |
| 4561 | |
| 4562 | *** Tool-bar clicks with modifiers. |
| 4563 | |
| 4564 | You can bind commands to clicks with control, shift, meta etc. on |
| 4565 | a tool bar item. If |
| 4566 | |
| 4567 | (define-key global-map [tool-bar shell] |
| 4568 | '(menu-item "Shell" shell |
| 4569 | :image (image :type xpm :file "shell.xpm"))) |
| 4570 | |
| 4571 | is the original tool bar item definition, then |
| 4572 | |
| 4573 | (define-key global-map [tool-bar S-shell] 'some-command) |
| 4574 | |
| 4575 | makes a binding to run `some-command' for a shifted click on the same |
| 4576 | item. |
| 4577 | |
| 4578 | ** Mode line changes. |
| 4579 | |
| 4580 | *** Mouse-sensitive mode line. |
| 4581 | |
| 4582 | The mode line can be made mouse-sensitive by displaying strings there |
| 4583 | that have a `local-map' text property. There are three ways to display |
| 4584 | a string with a `local-map' property in the mode line. |
| 4585 | |
| 4586 | 1. The mode line spec contains a variable whose string value has |
| 4587 | a `local-map' text property. |
| 4588 | |
| 4589 | 2. The mode line spec contains a format specifier (e.g. `%12b'), and |
| 4590 | that format specifier has a `local-map' property. |
| 4591 | |
| 4592 | 3. The mode line spec contains a list containing `:eval FORM'. FORM |
| 4593 | is evaluated. If the result is a string, and that string has a |
| 4594 | `local-map' property. |
| 4595 | |
| 4596 | The same mechanism is used to determine the `face' and `help-echo' |
| 4597 | properties of strings in the mode line. See `bindings.el' for an |
| 4598 | example. |
| 4599 | |
| 4600 | *** If a mode line element has the form `(:eval FORM)', FORM is |
| 4601 | evaluated and the result is used as mode line element. |
| 4602 | |
| 4603 | *** You can suppress mode-line display by setting the buffer-local |
| 4604 | variable mode-line-format to nil. |
| 4605 | |
| 4606 | *** A headerline can now be displayed at the top of a window. |
| 4607 | |
| 4608 | This mode line's contents are controlled by the new variable |
| 4609 | `header-line-format' and `default-header-line-format' which are |
| 4610 | completely analogous to `mode-line-format' and |
| 4611 | `default-mode-line-format'. A value of nil means don't display a top |
| 4612 | line. |
| 4613 | |
| 4614 | The appearance of top mode lines is controlled by the face |
| 4615 | `header-line'. |
| 4616 | |
| 4617 | The function `coordinates-in-window-p' returns `header-line' for a |
| 4618 | position in the header-line. |
| 4619 | |
| 4620 | ** Text property `display' |
| 4621 | |
| 4622 | The `display' text property is used to insert images into text, |
| 4623 | replace text with other text, display text in marginal area, and it is |
| 4624 | also used to control other aspects of how text displays. The value of |
| 4625 | the `display' property should be a display specification, as described |
| 4626 | below, or a list or vector containing display specifications. |
| 4627 | |
| 4628 | *** Replacing text, displaying text in marginal areas |
| 4629 | |
| 4630 | To replace the text having the `display' property with some other |
| 4631 | text, use a display specification of the form `(LOCATION STRING)'. |
| 4632 | |
| 4633 | If LOCATION is `(margin left-margin)', STRING is displayed in the left |
| 4634 | marginal area, if it is `(margin right-margin)', it is displayed in |
| 4635 | the right marginal area, and if LOCATION is `(margin nil)' STRING |
| 4636 | is displayed in the text. In the latter case you can also use the |
| 4637 | simpler form STRING as property value. |
| 4638 | |
| 4639 | *** Variable width and height spaces |
| 4640 | |
| 4641 | To display a space of fractional width or height, use a display |
| 4642 | specification of the form `(LOCATION STRETCH)'. If LOCATION is |
| 4643 | `(margin left-margin)', the space is displayed in the left marginal |
| 4644 | area, if it is `(margin right-margin)', it is displayed in the right |
| 4645 | marginal area, and if LOCATION is `(margin nil)' the space is |
| 4646 | displayed in the text. In the latter case you can also use the |
| 4647 | simpler form STRETCH as property value. |
| 4648 | |
| 4649 | The stretch specification STRETCH itself is a list of the form `(space |
| 4650 | PROPS)', where PROPS is a property list which can contain the |
| 4651 | properties described below. |
| 4652 | |
| 4653 | The display of the fractional space replaces the display of the |
| 4654 | characters having the `display' property. |
| 4655 | |
| 4656 | - :width WIDTH |
| 4657 | |
| 4658 | Specifies that the space width should be WIDTH times the normal |
| 4659 | character width. WIDTH can be an integer or floating point number. |
| 4660 | |
| 4661 | - :relative-width FACTOR |
| 4662 | |
| 4663 | Specifies that the width of the stretch should be computed from the |
| 4664 | first character in a group of consecutive characters that have the |
| 4665 | same `display' property. The computation is done by multiplying the |
| 4666 | width of that character by FACTOR. |
| 4667 | |
| 4668 | - :align-to HPOS |
| 4669 | |
| 4670 | Specifies that the space should be wide enough to reach HPOS. The |
| 4671 | value HPOS is measured in units of the normal character width. |
| 4672 | |
| 4673 | Exactly one of the above properties should be used. |
| 4674 | |
| 4675 | - :height HEIGHT |
| 4676 | |
| 4677 | Specifies the height of the space, as HEIGHT, measured in terms of the |
| 4678 | normal line height. |
| 4679 | |
| 4680 | - :relative-height FACTOR |
| 4681 | |
| 4682 | The height of the space is computed as the product of the height |
| 4683 | of the text having the `display' property and FACTOR. |
| 4684 | |
| 4685 | - :ascent ASCENT |
| 4686 | |
| 4687 | Specifies that ASCENT percent of the height of the stretch should be |
| 4688 | used for the ascent of the stretch, i.e. for the part above the |
| 4689 | baseline. The value of ASCENT must be a non-negative number less or |
| 4690 | equal to 100. |
| 4691 | |
| 4692 | You should not use both `:height' and `:relative-height' together. |
| 4693 | |
| 4694 | *** Images |
| 4695 | |
| 4696 | A display specification for an image has the form `(LOCATION |
| 4697 | . IMAGE)', where IMAGE is an image specification. The image replaces, |
| 4698 | in the display, the characters having this display specification in |
| 4699 | their `display' text property. If LOCATION is `(margin left-margin)', |
| 4700 | the image will be displayed in the left marginal area, if it is |
| 4701 | `(margin right-margin)' it will be displayed in the right marginal |
| 4702 | area, and if LOCATION is `(margin nil)' the image will be displayed in |
| 4703 | the text. In the latter case you can also use the simpler form IMAGE |
| 4704 | as display specification. |
| 4705 | |
| 4706 | *** Other display properties |
| 4707 | |
| 4708 | - (space-width FACTOR) |
| 4709 | |
| 4710 | Specifies that space characters in the text having that property |
| 4711 | should be displayed FACTOR times as wide as normal; FACTOR must be an |
| 4712 | integer or float. |
| 4713 | |
| 4714 | - (height HEIGHT) |
| 4715 | |
| 4716 | Display text having this property in a font that is smaller or larger. |
| 4717 | |
| 4718 | If HEIGHT is a list of the form `(+ N)', where N is an integer, that |
| 4719 | means to use a font that is N steps larger. If HEIGHT is a list of |
| 4720 | the form `(- N)', that means to use a font that is N steps smaller. A |
| 4721 | ``step'' is defined by the set of available fonts; each size for which |
| 4722 | a font is available counts as a step. |
| 4723 | |
| 4724 | If HEIGHT is a number, that means to use a font that is HEIGHT times |
| 4725 | as tall as the frame's default font. |
| 4726 | |
| 4727 | If HEIGHT is a symbol, it is called as a function with the current |
| 4728 | height as argument. The function should return the new height to use. |
| 4729 | |
| 4730 | Otherwise, HEIGHT is evaluated to get the new height, with the symbol |
| 4731 | `height' bound to the current specified font height. |
| 4732 | |
| 4733 | - (raise FACTOR) |
| 4734 | |
| 4735 | FACTOR must be a number, specifying a multiple of the current |
| 4736 | font's height. If it is positive, that means to display the characters |
| 4737 | raised. If it is negative, that means to display them lower down. The |
| 4738 | amount of raising or lowering is computed without taking account of the |
| 4739 | `height' subproperty. |
| 4740 | |
| 4741 | *** Conditional display properties |
| 4742 | |
| 4743 | All display specifications can be conditionalized. If a specification |
| 4744 | has the form `(when CONDITION . SPEC)', the specification SPEC applies |
| 4745 | only when CONDITION yields a non-nil value when evaluated. During the |
| 4746 | evaluation, `object' is bound to the string or buffer having the |
| 4747 | conditional display property; `position' and `buffer-position' are |
| 4748 | bound to the position within `object' and the buffer position where |
| 4749 | the display property was found, respectively. Both positions can be |
| 4750 | different when object is a string. |
| 4751 | |
| 4752 | The normal specification consisting of SPEC only is equivalent to |
| 4753 | `(when t . SPEC)'. |
| 4754 | |
| 4755 | ** New menu separator types. |
| 4756 | |
| 4757 | Emacs now supports more than one menu separator type. Menu items with |
| 4758 | item names consisting of dashes only (including zero dashes) are |
| 4759 | treated like before. In addition, the following item names are used |
| 4760 | to specify other menu separator types. |
| 4761 | |
| 4762 | - `--no-line' or `--space', or `--:space', or `--:noLine' |
| 4763 | |
| 4764 | No separator lines are drawn, but a small space is inserted where the |
| 4765 | separator occurs. |
| 4766 | |
| 4767 | - `--single-line' or `--:singleLine' |
| 4768 | |
| 4769 | A single line in the menu's foreground color. |
| 4770 | |
| 4771 | - `--double-line' or `--:doubleLine' |
| 4772 | |
| 4773 | A double line in the menu's foreground color. |
| 4774 | |
| 4775 | - `--single-dashed-line' or `--:singleDashedLine' |
| 4776 | |
| 4777 | A single dashed line in the menu's foreground color. |
| 4778 | |
| 4779 | - `--double-dashed-line' or `--:doubleDashedLine' |
| 4780 | |
| 4781 | A double dashed line in the menu's foreground color. |
| 4782 | |
| 4783 | - `--shadow-etched-in' or `--:shadowEtchedIn' |
| 4784 | |
| 4785 | A single line with 3D sunken appearance. This is the form |
| 4786 | displayed for item names consisting of dashes only. |
| 4787 | |
| 4788 | - `--shadow-etched-out' or `--:shadowEtchedOut' |
| 4789 | |
| 4790 | A single line with 3D raised appearance. |
| 4791 | |
| 4792 | - `--shadow-etched-in-dash' or `--:shadowEtchedInDash' |
| 4793 | |
| 4794 | A single dashed line with 3D sunken appearance. |
| 4795 | |
| 4796 | - `--shadow-etched-out-dash' or `--:shadowEtchedOutDash' |
| 4797 | |
| 4798 | A single dashed line with 3D raise appearance. |
| 4799 | |
| 4800 | - `--shadow-double-etched-in' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedIn' |
| 4801 | |
| 4802 | Two lines with 3D sunken appearance. |
| 4803 | |
| 4804 | - `--shadow-double-etched-out' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedOut' |
| 4805 | |
| 4806 | Two lines with 3D raised appearance. |
| 4807 | |
| 4808 | - `--shadow-double-etched-in-dash' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedInDash' |
| 4809 | |
| 4810 | Two dashed lines with 3D sunken appearance. |
| 4811 | |
| 4812 | - `--shadow-double-etched-out-dash' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedOutDash' |
| 4813 | |
| 4814 | Two dashed lines with 3D raised appearance. |
| 4815 | |
| 4816 | Under LessTif/Motif, the last four separator types are displayed like |
| 4817 | the corresponding single-line separators. |
| 4818 | |
| 4819 | ** New frame parameters for scroll bar colors. |
| 4820 | |
| 4821 | The new frame parameters `scroll-bar-foreground' and |
| 4822 | `scroll-bar-background' can be used to change scroll bar colors. |
| 4823 | Their value must be either a color name, a string, or nil to specify |
| 4824 | that scroll bars should use a default color. For toolkit scroll bars, |
| 4825 | default colors are toolkit specific. For non-toolkit scroll bars, the |
| 4826 | default background is the background color of the frame, and the |
| 4827 | default foreground is black. |
| 4828 | |
| 4829 | The X resource name of these parameters are `scrollBarForeground' |
| 4830 | (class ScrollBarForeground) and `scrollBarBackground' (class |
| 4831 | `ScrollBarBackground'). |
| 4832 | |
| 4833 | Setting these parameters overrides toolkit specific X resource |
| 4834 | settings for scroll bar colors. |
| 4835 | |
| 4836 | ** You can set `redisplay-dont-pause' to a non-nil value to prevent |
| 4837 | display updates from being interrupted when input is pending. |
| 4838 | |
| 4839 | ** Changing a window's width may now change its window start if it |
| 4840 | starts on a continuation line. The new window start is computed based |
| 4841 | on the window's new width, starting from the start of the continued |
| 4842 | line as the start of the screen line with the minimum distance from |
| 4843 | the original window start. |
| 4844 | |
| 4845 | ** The variable `hscroll-step' and the functions |
| 4846 | `hscroll-point-visible' and `hscroll-window-column' have been removed |
| 4847 | now that proper horizontal scrolling is implemented. |
| 4848 | |
| 4849 | ** Windows can now be made fixed-width and/or fixed-height. |
| 4850 | |
| 4851 | A window is fixed-size if its buffer has a buffer-local variable |
| 4852 | `window-size-fixed' whose value is not nil. A value of `height' makes |
| 4853 | windows fixed-height, a value of `width' makes them fixed-width, any |
| 4854 | other non-nil value makes them both fixed-width and fixed-height. |
| 4855 | |
| 4856 | The following code makes all windows displaying the current buffer |
| 4857 | fixed-width and fixed-height. |
| 4858 | |
| 4859 | (set (make-local-variable 'window-size-fixed) t) |
| 4860 | |
| 4861 | A call to enlarge-window on a window gives an error if that window is |
| 4862 | fixed-width and it is tried to change the window's width, or if the |
| 4863 | window is fixed-height, and it is tried to change its height. To |
| 4864 | change the size of a fixed-size window, bind `window-size-fixed' |
| 4865 | temporarily to nil, for example |
| 4866 | |
| 4867 | (let ((window-size-fixed nil)) |
| 4868 | (enlarge-window 10)) |
| 4869 | |
| 4870 | Likewise, an attempt to split a fixed-height window vertically, |
| 4871 | or a fixed-width window horizontally results in a error. |
| 4872 | |
| 4873 | ** The cursor-type frame parameter is now supported on MS-DOS |
| 4874 | terminals. When Emacs starts, it by default changes the cursor shape |
| 4875 | to a solid box, as it does on Unix. The `cursor-type' frame parameter |
| 4876 | overrides this as it does on Unix, except that the bar cursor is |
| 4877 | horizontal rather than vertical (since the MS-DOS display doesn't |
| 4878 | support a vertical-bar cursor). |
| 4879 | |
| 4880 | |
| 4881 | \f |
| 4882 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 4883 | This file is part of GNU Emacs. |
| 4884 | |
| 4885 | GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
| 4886 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
| 4887 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
| 4888 | (at your option) any later version. |
| 4889 | |
| 4890 | GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
| 4891 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
| 4892 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
| 4893 | GNU General Public License for more details. |
| 4894 | |
| 4895 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
| 4896 | along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
| 4897 | |
| 4898 | \f |
| 4899 | Local variables: |
| 4900 | mode: outline |
| 4901 | paragraph-separate: "[ \f]*$" |
| 4902 | end: |